中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
、动词时态语态梳理
动词时态
一般时态
一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：
(1)一般情况直接加?s，
(2)结尾为?s，?x，?sh，?ch或?o，在词尾加?es
discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches
fix—fixes go—goes
(3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”
变y为i再加?es
carry—carries study—studies
2．一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every
time，now
and
then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every
day/night等连用。
He
often
goes
to
work
by
bus，and
he
takes
a
walk
with
his
wife
after
dinner
every
day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。
Look
at
the
timetable.Hurry
up!
Flight
4026
takes
off
at
18：20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。
If
it
is
fine
tomorrow，we
will
go
there.
要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。
一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录
(1)一般情况在动词后加?ed
(2)以?e结尾的动词后加?d
hope—hoped like—liked
(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加?ed
study—studied try—tried
(4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加?ed
stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted
permit—permitted
2．一般过去时的用法
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom
等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the
other
day，last
week，the
day
before
yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
In
1931，Addams
became
the
first
American
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。
2．一般将来时的用法
表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next
year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
—What
time
is
it?
几点了？
—I
have
no
idea.But
just
a
minute，I
will
check
it
for
you.
我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法
(1)“be
going
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look，dark
clouds
are
gathering.It
is
going
to
rain
soon，I
think.
瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
Whether
in
the
home
or
the
workplace，social
robots
are
going
to
become
a
lot
more
common
in
the
next
few
years.
无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。
(2)“be
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
You
are
to
hand
in
your
papers
by
10
o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
(3)“be
about
to＋动词原形”表示正或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
Tom
was
about
to
close
the
windows
when
his
attention
was
caught
by
a
bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
易错警示
如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时(would/should＋动词原形)。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。
I
telephoned
him
yesterday
to
ask
what
I
would/should
do
next
week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。
进行时态
现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
—I
hear
you
are
working
in
a
pub.What's
it
like?
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well，it's
very
hard
work
and
I'm
always
tired，but
I
don't
mind.
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run
out等动词。
Food
supplies
in
the
flood?stricken
area
are
running
out.We
must
act
immediately
before
there's
none
left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at
that
time，at
that
moment，at
this
time
yesterday，at
ten
o'clock
yesterday等连用。
He
must
have
sensed
that
I
was
looking
at
him.He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly，“Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that？”
他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”
(2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Jack
was
working
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at
this
time
tomorrow，by
then，from
1：30
to
4：30
tomorrow等。
Jane
can't
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon
because
she
will
be
teaching
a
class
at
that
time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
完成时态
现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in
the
last(past)
few
days/years，up
to
now，till
now，so
far等。
He
has
already
received
three
similar
invitations
this
week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
In
the
past
few
years
thousands
of
films
have
been
produced
all
over
the
world.
在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点；
for＋时间段等。
—I
remember
you
were
a
talented
pianist
at
college.Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry，I
haven't
played
the
piano
for
years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
Will
you
come
to
my
office
when
you
have
finished
your
work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
When
walking
down
the
street，I
came
across
David，whom
I
hadn't
seen
for
years.
沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by
then，by
that
time，by
the
end
of，by
the
time＋从句等。
By
then
he
had
learned
English
for
3
years.
到那时，他已学了3年英语了。
Until
then
he
had
known
nothing
about
it
yet.
到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I
had
intended
to
call
on
you
yesterday，but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It
/That
is
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.has/have
done；
This/It
/That
was
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.had
done
这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It(This)is/was
the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.did；
It
was/
had
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.had
done
sth.自从……以来多久了。
(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../
no
sooner...than...(
一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Hardly/No
sooner
had
I
got
home
when/than
the
rain
poured
down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
我们有10年没那么高兴过了。
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时的构成
考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has
been＋现在分词。
2.现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all
this
morning，this
month，these
few
days，since和for引导的状语从句等。
—Excuse
me，which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？
—The
new
Star
Wars.We
have
been
waiting
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。
(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
will
be
rewarded
with
success
in
the
end.
学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。
动词语态
Not
only
can
a
beautiful
smile
make
ourselves
happy，but
also
it
enables
others
to
feel
delighted.
一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
1、被动语态的构成形式
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
形式时间
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
am/
is/
are
done
am/
is/are
being
done
have/has
been
done
过去
was/were
done
was/were
being
done
had
been
done
将来
shall/will
be
done
shall/will
have been
done
被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。
It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
will
be
built
on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
In
my
hometown，there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat
has
been
cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With
many
forests
being
destroyed，huge
quantities
of
good
earth
are
being
washed
away
each
year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
易错警示
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong
to属于；take
part
in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take
place/occur发生；remain剩下；break
out爆发；last持续；come
out出版；come
up被提出；lose
heart失去信心；date
from/back
to追溯到；run
out用完。
2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get
paid/lost/hurt等
While
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
get
promoted，Henry
did
his
best
to
perform
his
duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We
get
paid
by
the
week.
我们按周获得薪酬。
3、主动形式表示被动意义
（1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
house
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired.
这房子需要修理。
（2）．be
to
rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who
is
to
blame
for
the
mistake?
谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The
house
is
to
let.
此房出租。
（3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This
kind
of
wool
shirt
feels
soft
and
sells
well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
（4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have
you
bought
the
book
that
sells
well
these
days?
I
think
it
is
suitable
for
us
teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
、Unit4
重点单词词组复习
1．scale
n.
规模；等级
e.g.
The
business
had
to
be
reduced
in
scale.
【词组拓展】on
a
big/large/small
scale大／小规模地
out
of
scale
不合比例
2．demonstrate
v.
表达；显示；示威
e.g.
How
did
he
demonstrate
the
truth
of
his
theory?
(跟宾语)
e.g.
Can
you
demonstrate
that
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun?(跟宾语从句)
【词性转换】n.
demonstration
论证，表明，表现
（批注：让学生记住-ation是名词后缀，并且让学生联想后缀为-ation的名词，老师最后补充：presentation,administration,explanation等，同时让学生列举其他的名词后缀）
3．peak
n.
顶峰．最高点．高峰期
e.g.
We
saw
a
victory
by
an
athlete
at
the
very
peak
of
her
career．
e.g.
Traffic
is
really
bad
at
peak
hours.
4．witness
v.
目击
e.g.
China
has
witnessed
great
historic
events.
【词性转换】n.
见证者
e.g.
He
was
a
witness
of
the
accident.
5．touch
n.
少许
e.g.
a
touch
of
fever／cold有点发烧／感冒
【词性转换】v.
触摸；与(某事)有联系或有关系；感动
e.g.
Don’t
touch
the
exhibits.
e.g.
I
wouldn’t
touch
anything
illegal.
e.g.
The
story
touched
us
all.
adj．touching令人同情的
【词组拓展】
keep
in
touch
和……保持联系
get
in
touch
with
和……取得联系
lose
touch／out
of
touch(with)
与……失去联系
6．giant
n.
巨人，大力士,伟人
e.g.
Yao
Ming
is
a
giant
of
the
basketball
team.
e.g.
a
giant
pumpkin
重要人物
7．every的用法
(1)every
other+单数名词，意思是“每隔一……”
e.g.
every
other
day每隔一天
e.g.
every
other
tree每隔一棵树
(2)
every+基数词+复数名词或every+序数词+单数名词，意思是“每隔……”(较英语数词少一个)
e.g.
every
three
days,
every
third
day
每隔两天／每三天
e.g.
every
two
days=every
other
day每隔一天／每两天
e.g.
every
few
days
每隔几天
8．add
v
.
加，添，增加
【词组拓展】
add
A
to
B把A加到B上
add
to增加，增添
add
up把……加起来
add
up
to加起来总共
【词性转换】n．addition
加
adj.
additional附加的，另外的
9．schedule
n．
时刻表
【近义词】timetable
【词性转换】v．为某事安排时间
e.g.
Jay
Chou
was
scheduled
t0
arrive
at
three
o’clock
this
afternoon.
【词组拓展】
be
on
schedule
准时
10．weight
n.
重，重量
【词组拓展】
gross／net
weight毛重／净重
be
a
weight
on
one’s
mind
思想上的负担
【词性转换】
adj.
weighty
重的，沉重的，繁重的
11.
amaze
vt．
使某人大为惊讶
e.g.
Your
knowledge
amazes
me.
【词组拓展】
be
amazed
at／by为……感到惊讶
e.g.
We
were
amazed
at／by
the
news
that
David
had
got
married.
be
amazed
to
find／see／hear发现／看到／听到某事而感到惊讶
【词性转换】
adj．amazing
令人惊奇的(通常褒义)
n．[U]amazement
（批注：通过近义词astonish引入这个词的词性变换，让学生自己先回忆astonishing和astonishment的词性）
12．turn
n.
转向，转弯，转折点
e.g.
we
got
as
far
as
the
cinema，and
there
we
made
a
right
turn.
e.g.
at
the
turn
of
the
twenty—first
century
在21世纪之初
【词组拓展】
at
every
turn
事事，处处，常常
by
turns轮流
in
turn依次．按顺序
take
a
new
turn有了新的转折
turn
down拒绝
turn
out生产．结果是……
turn
up露面
13．continuous
adj.
不问断的，连续不停的
e.g.
a
continuous
flight
【近义词】
continual
连续不断的，频繁的，表示时断时续的
e.g.
I
hate
their
continual
arguments.
14．approve
v.
批准，通过．赞成
e.g.
He
doesn’t
approve
the
policy.
e.g.
I
quite
approve
of
your
proposal．
【词性转换】(1)
n.
[U]
approval
批准，认可，赞同
(2)
v．disapprove
不批准．不认可，不赞同
批注：让学生记住-al是名词后缀，dis-是表示否定的动词前缀，并且让学生联想后缀为-al的名词及前缀为-dis的动词，老师最后补充：
-al-的用法：表示“人，物，状态”
rival
n
竞争者
criminal
n
犯罪分子（crime罪行）
dismissal
n
解雇（dismiss解雇）
survival
n
生存，幸存（sur后+viv活+al→事故后活下来→幸存）
withdrawal
n
撤退；撤消（with相反+draw拉+al）
refusal
n
拒绝（refuse拒绝）
appraisal
n
评价，评估（appraise评价）
dis-的用法：表示"不，消失掉"
dislike不喜欢（dis+like喜爱→不喜爱）
disappear消失（dis+appear出现→不出现→消失）
disproof反证，反驳（dis+proof证实→不证实→反证）
discourage使失去勇气（dis+courage勇气）
disarm解除武装（dis+arm武装→去掉武装）
15．the
Olympic
Games／the
Olympics
奥林匹克奥运会
【用法】作主语时，谓语常用复数
e.g.
The
Olympic
Games
are
held
every
four
years.
16．in
terms
of的用法
【近义词】as
regards,
regarding就……而言，从……来看
e.g.
A
computer
is
powerful
in
terms
of
capacity
and
speed．
【词组拓展】
medical
terms
医学术语
17．in
between的用法，指“在……中间，在……期问．每隔……”
e.g.
two
houses
and
a
yard
in
between
18．It
was
not
until…that…的用法，强调句
e.g.
It
was
not
until
the
1
890s
that
the
modern
Summer
Olympic
Games
resumed.
【正常语序】The
modern
summer
Olympic
Games
were
not
resumed
until
the
1890s
e.g.
It
was
not
until
the
following
week
that
they
found
her.
(1)
until(表示动作、状态的继续)直到……为止
e.g.1
waited
until
three
o’clock，but
he
didn’t
come.
e.g.
The
noise
of
the
street
didn’t
stop
until
midnight
(否定句，常与表示瞬间动作的动词连用)
(2)
Not
until主句部分倒装，从句不倒装
e.g.
Not
until
that
evening
was
she
able
to
recover
her
self-control．
批注：补充部分倒装的语法点，
（1）否定副词never,
hardly,
seldom,
at
no
time,
under
no
circumstances
等置于句首时
e.g.
Under
no
circumstances
will
China
be
the
first
to
use
nuclear
weapons.
Seldom
does
it
snow
in
Kunming.
(2)
So/Such…that
结果状语从句中的so或such置于句首时。
e.g.
So
frightened
was
he
that
he
was
speechless
for
a
moment.
Such
a
humorous
man
is
he
that
everyone
likes
to
be
around
him.
（3）替代词so
或neither,
nor
置于句首时，注：so
用于上文为肯定时，而neither或nor用于上文为否定时，但上文谈到关于一个人或事物不同侧面时，则应使用So
it
is/was
with或It
is/was
the
same
with
结构
e.g.
We
are
planning
to
buy
a
house
in
Pudong.
So
are
we.
He
takes
no
interests
in
picnicking.
Neither/Nor
do
we.
Not
only…but
also…结构中，当not
only…置于句首时，但but
also…部分不用倒装，而且当not
only…but
also…连接并列主语时不用倒装。
比较：Not
only
did
he
come
but
also
he
/
but
he
also
did
a
lot
of
damage.
Only
修饰状语并置于句首时。
比较：Only
when
work
hard,
can
you
achieve
success.
19．1et
out的用法指“发出(叫声)”’
e.g.
She
let
out
a
cry
of
pain
【词组拓展】
let
sb．／sth．out释放，泄露
let
the
air
out
of
my
tyre
把我的轮胎里的气放掉
let
the
news／secret
out泄露，透露
let
out
cars
by
the
day
(出租)
let
out
his
coat／trousers．(放长，放宽衣服)
20．be
labeled
as的用法，指“被说成，被称为”
e.g.
The
phrase
is
labeled
as
slang
in
the
dictionary．
【词组拓展】
put／place／paste
a
label
on
a
box贴标签
（三）、高考核心词汇精选背诵（H字母）
handle
honour
harbour
hike
harmony
hook
hardship
harvest
headquarters
horizon
hatch
hostile
heal
hostage
holy
handicap
heap
household
hatch
haunt
helicopter
humble
hurricane
hazard
hesitate
heritage
horrible
hatred
highlight
hammer
haste
horn
hint
helmet
hemisphere
high-rise
hostess
heroine
hell
hibernation
单句语法填空（时态与语态）
1．Nowadays,
cycling
along
with
jogging
and
swimming，_______(regard)as
one
of
the
best
all?round
forms
of
exercise.
2．While
online
shopping
_________(change)
our
life，not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
3．Christmas
is
the
most
important
festival
in
the
western
world.It
______
(fall)
on
December
25.
4．They
had
to
wait
and
_______
(hope)that
someone
would
come
and
help
them.
5．Nowadays,
cell
phones
have
features
such
as
games，music
and
calendars
and
more
new
functions
_________
(add)．
6．If
we_________
(book)
a
table
earlier，we
wouldn't
be
standing
here
in
a
queue.
7．Due
to
the
hard
training
they________
(do)
before，their
performances
were
very
impressive.
8．Jack
has
never
been
to
China，but
he
talks
about
it
as
if
he__________
(be)
there
many
times.
9．More
expressways
__________
(build)
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
10．Sooner
or
later
those
dishonest
people
__________
(pay)
a
price
for
their
acts;
on
the
contrary，when
we
are
honest，we
are
truly
free.
语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)
Welcome
to
our
school.I'd
like
to
introduce
you
to
plans
for
our
school.A
lot
of
work
1
(do)
in
the
past
few
years.The
library
2
(complete)
and
is
ready
for
use.But
we
still
have
to
do
more
work.A
new
biology
lab
3
(build)this
year.But
we
don't
have
enough
money
for
the
equipment.Students
in
all
grades
4
(collect)
money.The
money
which
is
collected
5
(spend)
on
new
equipment.At
present，a
plan
6
(make)
for
a
party
at
the
end
of
the
term，at
which
wonderful
performances
7
(put)on.
The
gardens
of
the
school
8
(improve)
this
year.New
trees
9
(plant)
which
will
soon
give
shade
in
summer.The
whole
school
10
(paint)
during
the
summer
holidays.In
fact，our
school
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
句子翻译（注意动词时态与语态）
由于工作时心不在焉，约翰被老板解雇了。
2.
在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。
3.
当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。
4.
应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。
5.
很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。
高考核心词汇检测
I
have
formed
the
_________of
jogging
every
early
morning.
A.
hall
B.
handle
C.
habit
D.
hobby
I
didn’t
____
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
A.
beg
B.
hesitate
C.
desire
D.
hunt
The
lorry
driver
was
badly
_____
when
his
lorry
crashed
into
a
wall.
A.
harvested
B.
hit
C.
hurt
D.
hurried
It
was
a
long
time
before
the
cut
on
my
hand
_____
completely.
A.
healed
B.
hooked
C.
improved
D.
recovered
Please
remember
the
_____moment
when
he
came
back
to
mainland
after
60
years.
A.
holy
B.
historic
C.humble
D.
honorable
At
the
__________
of
four
miles,
the
air
becomes
too
thin
to
breathe.
A.
headline
B.
horizon
C.
height
D.
hovercraft
The
match
is
likely
to
be
one
of
the
________
of
the
tournament.
headlines
B.
highlights
C.
deadlines
D.
hints
Under
the
pressure
from
society,
the
terrorists
released
the
_________
at
last.
A.
gossips
B.
hostages
C.
harbours
D.
housewives
He
spoke
_________
of
the
novel
and
he
almost
worshipped
the
ground
the
author.
A.
heavily
B.
lightly
C.
highly
D.
luckily
He
did
so
badly
in
this
exam
that
he
decided
to
_________
the
score
form
his
parents.
A.
grant
B.
hire
C.
hold
D.
hide
She
won
the
first
winter
Olympic
gold
medal
for
our
motherland.
What
a
_____it
was!
A.
honour
B.
humour
C.
horror
D.
heaven
We
must
try
to
live
in
peace
and
_________
with
ourselves
and
those
around
us.
A.
haste
B.hibernation
C.
horizon
D.
harmony
Drinking
may
make
a
person
feel
relaxed
and
happy,
or
it
may
make
her
_________,
violent,
or
depressed.
A.
handicapped
B.hollow
C.
hostile
D.
hospitable
Many
companies
have
their
_________
in
New
York.
A.hardships
B.headquarters
C.
highlights
D.
hurricanes
They
went
on
a
ten-mile
________
through
the
forest.
A.hike
B.hostess
C.
helmet
D.
heroine
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
Jim
Thompson
Jim
Thompson’s
life
story
is
one
of
success,
achievement,
and
finally
mystery
because
no
one
knows
how
it
ended.
Thompson
was
born
in
Delaware(21)_____
the
east
coast
of
the
United
States
in
1906.
After
finishing
high
school,
Thompson
went
to
Princeton
University
and
later
studied
architecture
at
the
University
of
Pennsylvania.
After
graduation,
Jim
Thompson
worked
as
an
architect
in
New
York
City
until
1940.
Not
long
after
this,
he
volunteered(22)______
(serve)in
the
U.S.
Army.
During
World
War
II,
Thompson
gathered
intelligence
for
the
army
in
Thailand.
It
was
this
first
taste
of
life
in
the
Far
East(23)______
changed
Thompson’s
life.
He
saw
opportunities
to
develop
tourism
there,
becoming(24)______
(involve)in
an
ambitious
scheme
to
restore
the
Oriental
Hotel.
While
the
hotel
plan
fell
through,
by
that
time
Thompson
had
hit
upon
another
scheme
that
would
eventually
make
him
a
millionaire.
While
traveling
around
Thailand,
he
came
across(25)____
he
considered
exquisite(精美的)samples
of
handwoven
Thai
silk,
a
product
that(26)_____(become)rare.
He
persuaded
the
weavers
to
work
with
him
and
marketed
the
silk
in
New
York,
(27)______
it
became
very
popular.
As
a
consequence,
the
Thai
silk
industry
was
revived(复兴)and
the
business
made
Thompson
and
some
of
the
weavers
very
wealthy.
With
his
success
in
the
silk
business,
Jim
Thompson
continued
his
original
interest
in
architecture
on
the
side.
He
found
six
traditional
Thai
houses
and
had(28)_____
brought
to
Bangkok
and
reassembled
there
as
one
magnificent
house.
Today,
not
only
is
it
a
beautiful
house
inside
and
out,
(29)______
it
is
also
filled
with
the
works
of
art
Thompson
collected.
In
1967
during
a
holiday
in
Malaysia,
he
went
for
a
walk
in
the
Jungle
and
disappeared
forever.
To
this
day,
no
clues(30)____(find)as
to
what
happened
to
this
wealthy
American
businessman
who
is
credited
with
single-handedly
reviving
the
Thai
silk
industry.
Section
B
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
given
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
more
word
than
you
need.
A
knowledge
B
trained
C
sale
D
movement
E
change
F
spread
G
habits
H
close
I
unknown
J
looked
K.within
Food
and
ideas
about
cooking
it
have
been
passing
from
one
part
of
the
world
to
another
ever
since
the
stone
age
revolution
began
in
the
Middle
East.
They
were
part
of
the
__41__
of
civilization,
though
people
42
their
tastes
in
painting
and
houses
much
faster
than
their
tastes
in
food,
43___
of
what
was
eaten
is
far
less
than
that
of
the
houses
that
were
lived
in
or
the
clothes
that
were
worn.
Only
a
few
books
have
been
published
how
__44
__
the
present
eating
___45
__
are
to
the
cooking
at
any
period
in
the
past？
Change
owed
more
to
the
_46
of
people,
of
armies,
of
businessmen,
of
rich
people,
than
to
books.
Before
canals,
the
railways,
good
roads
were
built,
most
people
ate
what
could
be
produced
__
47
__
a
thirty-mile
area.
Ports
did
better,
of
course,
if
they
were
on
a
big
trade
route.
For
most
people
food
was
got
in
the
areas
where
they
lived,
and
there
was
not
always
enough
of
it
either.
Even
in
good
areas,
poor
country
people
had
little
to
eat
since
most
of
what
they
produced
went
for
__
48
__
at
markets.
Only
rich
men
could
buy
expensive
seeds
to
grow
unusual
vegetables,
or
hire
gardeners
who
understood
how
to
grow
fine
fruit
49
to
the
place
they
lived
in,
or
hire
cooks
__50
__
in
other
places
to
prepare
different
kinds
of
food
at
mealtime.
Section
C
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
What
the
scientists
are
saying…
The
first
primate
(灵长目动物)
clones
For
the
first
time,
scientists
have
used
the
technique
that
produced
Dolly
the
sheep
to
clone
monkeys.
The
Chinese
researchers
who
produced
the
two
macaques
say
that
having
access
to
genetically
identical
primates
will
be
a
huge
___41___
to
medical
research.
It
will
give
scientists
a
clearer
understanding
of
genetic
___42___
by
enabling
them
to
compare
animals
who
are
identical
except
for
one
tweaked
gene;
when
___43___
drugs,
it
will
make
it
possible
to
rule
out
the
possibility
that
variations
in
outcomes
are
down
to
genetic
___44___.
But
other
experts
have
raised
a
host
of
___45___.
The
somatic
cell
nuclear
transfer
(SCNT)
technique
involves
___46___
a
cell
nucleus
to
a
donated
nucleus-free
egg
that
is
then
prompted
to
develop
into
an
embryo（胚胎）.
Although
23
species
have
been
cloned
in
this
way,
primates
have
only
been
cloned
before
using
a
less
complex
embryo-splitting
technique.
Similar
to
the
process
that
creates
twins,
it
can
only
lead
to
a
very
___47___
number
of
genetically
identical
individuals.
SCNT
can
in
___48___
lead
to
a
far
larger
number
of
clones,
but
in
the
Chinese
experiment,
the
fail
rate
was
very
high.
The
team
implanted
scores
of
embryos,
but
only
two
monkeys
survived
beyond
a
few
days.
___49___
to
that
is
the
concern
that
by
cloning
a
primate
species,
the
team
has
broken
down
a
significant
___50___
on
the
way
to
cloning
humans.
Herbal
remedy
danger
Herbal
remedies
such
as
St.
John’s
wort
and
ginseng
may
be
___51___
when
used
alongside
conventional
drugs,
reports
The
Guardian.
In
a
review
of
medical
literature,
researchers
at
Stellenbosch
University
in
South
Africa
found
several
___52___
of
alternative
treatments
appearing
to
___53___
with
prescription
drugs,
resulting
in
potentially
dangerous
side
effects.
In
one
case,
the
autopsy
(解剖)
of
a
55-year-old
who
died
while
swimming
concluded
that
the
ginkgo
biloba
supplements
he
had
been
taking
may
have
___54___
his
anti-seizure
(防止发作)
medicine.
Other
cases
documented
patients
on
statins
appearing
to
suffer
complications
linked
to
flaxseed,
St.
John’s
wort
and
green
tea.
“If
you
are
taking
herbal
remedies,
you
should
___55___it
to
your
clinician,”
said
one
of
the
report’s
authors,
Dr
Charles
Awortwe.
41.
A.
threat
B.
damage
C.
benefit
D.
potential
42.
A.
variations
B.
diseases
C.
structures
D.
factors
43.
A.
manufacturing
B.
applying
C.
testing
D.
prescribing
44.
A.
mess
B.
differences
C.
losses
D.
recombination
45.
A.
concerns
B.
focuses
C.
funds
D.
suspicion
46.
A.
translating
B.
transferring
C.
connecting
D.
reversing
47.
A.
magnificent
B.
astonishing
C.
limited
D.
accurate
48.
A.
theory
B.
reality
C.
advance
D.
addition
49.
A.
Attached
B.
Related
C.
Compared
D.
Added
50.
A.
access
B.
key
C.
barrier
D.
contribution
51.
A.
harmful
B.
useful
C.
helpful
D.
purposeful
52.
A.
methods
B.
figures
C.
problems
D.
instances
53.
A.
deal
B.
interact
C.
mix
D.
identify
54.
A.
put
forward
B.
moved
up
C.
held
down
D.
carried
on
55.
A.
claim
B.
avoid
C.
classify
D.
mention
Unit4复习
+
动词时态语态
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
、动词时态语态梳理
动词时态
一般时态
一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：
(1)一般情况直接加?s，
(2)结尾为?s，?x，?sh，?ch或?o，在词尾加?es
discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches
fix—fixes go—goes
(3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”
变y为i再加?es
carry—carries study—studies
2．一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every
time，now
and
then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every
day/night等连用。
He
often
goes
to
work
by
bus，and
he
takes
a
walk
with
his
wife
after
dinner
every
day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。
Look
at
the
timetable.Hurry
up!
Flight
4026
takes
off
at
18：20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。
If
it
is
fine
tomorrow，we
will
go
there.
要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。
一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录
(1)一般情况在动词后加?ed
(2)以?e结尾的动词后加?d
hope—hoped like—liked
(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加?ed
study—studied try—tried
(4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加?ed
stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted
permit—permitted
2．一般过去时的用法
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom
等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the
other
day，last
week，the
day
before
yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
In
1931，Addams
became
the
first
American
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。
2．一般将来时的用法
表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next
year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
—What
time
is
it?
几点了？
—I
have
no
idea.But
just
a
minute，I
will
check
it
for
you.
我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法
(1)“be
going
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look，dark
clouds
are
gathering.It
is
going
to
rain
soon，I
think.
瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
Whether
in
the
home
or
the
workplace，social
robots
are
going
to
become
a
lot
more
common
in
the
next
few
years.
无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。
(2)“be
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
You
are
to
hand
in
your
papers
by
10
o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
(3)“be
about
to＋动词原形”表示正或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
Tom
was
about
to
close
the
windows
when
his
attention
was
caught
by
a
bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
易错警示
如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时(would/should＋动词原形)。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。
I
telephoned
him
yesterday
to
ask
what
I
would/should
do
next
week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。
进行时态
现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
—I
hear
you
are
working
in
a
pub.What's
it
like?
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well，it's
very
hard
work
and
I'm
always
tired，but
I
don't
mind.
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run
out等动词。
Food
supplies
in
the
flood?stricken
area
are
running
out.We
must
act
immediately
before
there's
none
left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at
that
time，at
that
moment，at
this
time
yesterday，at
ten
o'clock
yesterday等连用。
He
must
have
sensed
that
I
was
looking
at
him.He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly，“Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that？”
他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”
(2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Jack
was
working
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at
this
time
tomorrow，by
then，from
1：30
to
4：30
tomorrow等。
Jane
can't
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon
because
she
will
be
teaching
a
class
at
that
time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
完成时态
现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in
the
last(past)
few
days/years，up
to
now，till
now，so
far等。
He
has
already
received
three
similar
invitations
this
week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
In
the
past
few
years
thousands
of
films
have
been
produced
all
over
the
world.
在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点；
for＋时间段等。
—I
remember
you
were
a
talented
pianist
at
college.Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry，I
haven't
played
the
piano
for
years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
Will
you
come
to
my
office
when
you
have
finished
your
work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
When
walking
down
the
street，I
came
across
David，whom
I
hadn't
seen
for
years.
沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by
then，by
that
time，by
the
end
of，by
the
time＋从句等。
By
then
he
had
learned
English
for
3
years.
到那时，他已学了3年英语了。
Until
then
he
had
known
nothing
about
it
yet.
到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I
had
intended
to
call
on
you
yesterday，but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It
/That
is
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.has/have
done；
This/It
/That
was
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.had
done
这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It(This)is/was
the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.did；
It
was/
had
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.had
done
sth.自从……以来多久了。
(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../
no
sooner...than...(
一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Hardly/No
sooner
had
I
got
home
when/than
the
rain
poured
down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
我们有10年没那么高兴过了。
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时的构成
考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has
been＋现在分词。
2.现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all
this
morning，this
month，these
few
days，since和for引导的状语从句等。
—Excuse
me，which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？
—The
new
Star
Wars.We
have
been
waiting
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。
(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
will
be
rewarded
with
success
in
the
end.
学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。
动词语态
Not
only
can
a
beautiful
smile
make
ourselves
happy，but
also
it
enables
others
to
feel
delighted.
一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
1、被动语态的构成形式
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
形式时间
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
am/
is/
are
done
am/
is/are
being
done
have/has
been
done
过去
was/were
done
was/were
being
done
had
been
done
将来
shall/will
be
done
shall/will
have been
done
被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。
It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
will
be
built
on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
In
my
hometown，there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat
has
been
cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With
many
forests
being
destroyed，huge
quantities
of
good
earth
are
being
washed
away
each
year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
易错警示
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong
to属于；take
part
in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take
place/occur发生；remain剩下；break
out爆发；last持续；come
out出版；come
up被提出；lose
heart失去信心；date
from/back
to追溯到；run
out用完。
2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get
paid/lost/hurt等
While
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
get
promoted，Henry
did
his
best
to
perform
his
duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We
get
paid
by
the
week.
我们按周获得薪酬。
3、主动形式表示被动意义
（1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
house
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired.
这房子需要修理。
（2）．be
to
rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who
is
to
blame
for
the
mistake?
谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The
house
is
to
let.
此房出租。
（3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This
kind
of
wool
shirt
feels
soft
and
sells
well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
（4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have
you
bought
the
book
that
sells
well
these
days?
I
think
it
is
suitable
for
us
teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
、Unit4
重点单词词组复习
1．scale
n.
规模；等级
e.g.
The
business
had
to
be
reduced
in
scale.
【词组拓展】on
a
big/large/small
scale大／小规模地
out
of
scale
不合比例
2．demonstrate
v.
表达；显示；示威
e.g.
How
did
he
demonstrate
the
truth
of
his
theory?
(跟宾语)
e.g.
Can
you
demonstrate
that
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun?(跟宾语从句)
【词性转换】n.
demonstration
论证，表明，表现
（批注：让学生记住-ation是名词后缀，并且让学生联想后缀为-ation的名词，老师最后补充：presentation,administration,explanation等，同时让学生列举其他的名词后缀）
3．peak
n.
顶峰．最高点．高峰期
e.g.
We
saw
a
victory
by
an
athlete
at
the
very
peak
of
her
career．
e.g.
Traffic
is
really
bad
at
peak
hours.
4．witness
v.
目击
e.g.
China
has
witnessed
great
historic
events.
【词性转换】n.
见证者
e.g.
He
was
a
witness
of
the
accident.
5．touch
n.
少许
e.g.
a
touch
of
fever／cold有点发烧／感冒
【词性转换】v.
触摸；与(某事)有联系或有关系；感动
e.g.
Don’t
touch
the
exhibits.
e.g.
I
wouldn’t
touch
anything
illegal.
e.g.
The
story
touched
us
all.
adj．touching令人同情的
【词组拓展】
keep
in
touch
和……保持联系
get
in
touch
with
和……取得联系
lose
touch／out
of
touch(with)
与……失去联系
6．giant
n.
巨人，大力士,伟人
e.g.
Yao
Ming
is
a
giant
of
the
basketball
team.
e.g.
a
giant
pumpkin
重要人物
7．every的用法
(1)every
other+单数名词，意思是“每隔一……”
e.g.
every
other
day每隔一天
e.g.
every
other
tree每隔一棵树
(2)
every+基数词+复数名词或every+序数词+单数名词，意思是“每隔……”(较英语数词少一个)
e.g.
every
three
days,
every
third
day
每隔两天／每三天
e.g.
every
two
days=every
other
day每隔一天／每两天
e.g.
every
few
days
每隔几天
8．add
v
.
加，添，增加
【词组拓展】
add
A
to
B把A加到B上
add
to增加，增添
add
up把……加起来
add
up
to加起来总共
【词性转换】n．addition
加
adj.
additional附加的，另外的
9．schedule
n．
时刻表
【近义词】timetable
【词性转换】v．为某事安排时间
e.g.
Jay
Chou
was
scheduled
t0
arrive
at
three
o’clock
this
afternoon.
【词组拓展】
be
on
schedule
准时
10．weight
n.
重，重量
【词组拓展】
gross／net
weight毛重／净重
be
a
weight
on
one’s
mind
思想上的负担
【词性转换】
adj.
weighty
重的，沉重的，繁重的
11.
amaze
vt．
使某人大为惊讶
e.g.
Your
knowledge
amazes
me.
【词组拓展】
be
amazed
at／by为……感到惊讶
e.g.
We
were
amazed
at／by
the
news
that
David
had
got
married.
be
amazed
to
find／see／hear发现／看到／听到某事而感到惊讶
【词性转换】
adj．amazing
令人惊奇的(通常褒义)
n．[U]amazement
（批注：通过近义词astonish引入这个词的词性变换，让学生自己先回忆astonishing和astonishment的词性）
12．turn
n.
转向，转弯，转折点
e.g.
we
got
as
far
as
the
cinema，and
there
we
made
a
right
turn.
e.g.
at
the
turn
of
the
twenty—first
century
在21世纪之初
【词组拓展】
at
every
turn
事事，处处，常常
by
turns轮流
in
turn依次．按顺序
take
a
new
turn有了新的转折
turn
down拒绝
turn
out生产．结果是……
turn
up露面
13．continuous
adj.
不问断的，连续不停的
e.g.
a
continuous
flight
【近义词】
continual
连续不断的，频繁的，表示时断时续的
e.g.
I
hate
their
continual
arguments.
14．approve
v.
批准，通过．赞成
e.g.
He
doesn’t
approve
the
policy.
e.g.
I
quite
approve
of
your
proposal．
【词性转换】(1)
n.
[U]
approval
批准，认可，赞同
(2)
v．disapprove
不批准．不认可，不赞同
批注：让学生记住-al是名词后缀，dis-是表示否定的动词前缀，并且让学生联想后缀为-al的名词及前缀为-dis的动词，老师最后补充：
-al-的用法：表示“人，物，状态”
rival
n
竞争者
criminal
n
犯罪分子（crime罪行）
dismissal
n
解雇（dismiss解雇）
survival
n
生存，幸存（sur后+viv活+al→事故后活下来→幸存）
withdrawal
n
撤退；撤消（with相反+draw拉+al）
refusal
n
拒绝（refuse拒绝）
appraisal
n
评价，评估（appraise评价）
dis-的用法：表示"不，消失掉"
dislike不喜欢（dis+like喜爱→不喜爱）
disappear消失（dis+appear出现→不出现→消失）
disproof反证，反驳（dis+proof证实→不证实→反证）
discourage使失去勇气（dis+courage勇气）
disarm解除武装（dis+arm武装→去掉武装）
15．the
Olympic
Games／the
Olympics
奥林匹克奥运会
【用法】作主语时，谓语常用复数
e.g.
The
Olympic
Games
are
held
every
four
years.
16．in
terms
of的用法
【近义词】as
regards,
regarding就……而言，从……来看
e.g.
A
computer
is
powerful
in
terms
of
capacity
and
speed．
【词组拓展】
medical
terms
医学术语
17．in
between的用法，指“在……中间，在……期问．每隔……”
e.g.
two
houses
and
a
yard
in
between
18．It
was
not
until…that…的用法，强调句
e.g.
It
was
not
until
the
1
890s
that
the
modern
Summer
Olympic
Games
resumed.
【正常语序】The
modern
summer
Olympic
Games
were
not
resumed
until
the
1890s
e.g.
It
was
not
until
the
following
week
that
they
found
her.
(1)
until(表示动作、状态的继续)直到……为止
e.g.1
waited
until
three
o’clock，but
he
didn’t
come.
e.g.
The
noise
of
the
street
didn’t
stop
until
midnight
(否定句，常与表示瞬间动作的动词连用)
(2)
Not
until主句部分倒装，从句不倒装
e.g.
Not
until
that
evening
was
she
able
to
recover
her
self-control．
批注：补充部分倒装的语法点，
（1）否定副词never,
hardly,
seldom,
at
no
time,
under
no
circumstances
等置于句首时
e.g.
Under
no
circumstances
will
China
be
the
first
to
use
nuclear
weapons.
Seldom
does
it
snow
in
Kunming.
(2)
So/Such…that
结果状语从句中的so或such置于句首时。
e.g.
So
frightened
was
he
that
he
was
speechless
for
a
moment.
Such
a
humorous
man
is
he
that
everyone
likes
to
be
around
him.
（3）替代词so
或neither,
nor
置于句首时，注：so
用于上文为肯定时，而neither或nor用于上文为否定时，但上文谈到关于一个人或事物不同侧面时，则应使用So
it
is/was
with或It
is/was
the
same
with
结构
e.g.
We
are
planning
to
buy
a
house
in
Pudong.
So
are
we.
He
takes
no
interests
in
picnicking.
Neither/Nor
do
we.
Not
only…but
also…结构中，当not
only…置于句首时，但but
also…部分不用倒装，而且当not
only…but
also…连接并列主语时不用倒装。
比较：Not
only
did
he
come
but
also
he
/
but
he
also
did
a
lot
of
damage.
Only
修饰状语并置于句首时。
比较：Only
when
work
hard,
can
you
achieve
success.
19．1et
out的用法指“发出(叫声)”’
e.g.
She
let
out
a
cry
of
pain
【词组拓展】
let
sb．／sth．out释放，泄露
let
the
air
out
of
my
tyre
把我的轮胎里的气放掉
let
the
news／secret
out泄露，透露
let
out
cars
by
the
day
(出租)
let
out
his
coat／trousers．(放长，放宽衣服)
20．be
labeled
as的用法，指“被说成，被称为”
e.g.
The
phrase
is
labeled
as
slang
in
the
dictionary．
【词组拓展】
put／place／paste
a
label
on
a
box贴标签
（三）、高考核心词汇精选背诵（H字母）
handle
honour
harbour
hike
harmony
hook
hardship
harvest
headquarters
horizon
hatch
hostile
heal
hostage
holy
handicap
heap
household
hatch
haunt
helicopter
humble
hurricane
hazard
hesitate
heritage
horrible
hatred
highlight
hammer
haste
horn
hint
helmet
hemisphere
high-rise
hostess
heroine
hell
hibernation
单句语法填空（时态与语态）
1．Nowadays,
cycling
along
with
jogging
and
swimming，_______(regard)as
one
of
the
best
all?round
forms
of
exercise.
2．While
online
shopping
_________(change)
our
life，not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
3．Christmas
is
the
most
important
festival
in
the
western
world.It
______
(fall)
on
December
25.
4．They
had
to
wait
and
_______
(hope)that
someone
would
come
and
help
them.
5．Nowadays,
cell
phones
have
features
such
as
games，music
and
calendars
and
more
new
functions
_________
(add)．
6．If
we_________
(book)
a
table
earlier，we
wouldn't
be
standing
here
in
a
queue.
7．Due
to
the
hard
training
they________
(do)
before，their
performances
were
very
impressive.
8．Jack
has
never
been
to
China，but
he
talks
about
it
as
if
he__________
(be)
there
many
times.
9．More
expressways
__________
(build)
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
10．Sooner
or
later
those
dishonest
people
__________
(pay)
a
price
for
their
acts;
on
the
contrary，when
we
are
honest，we
are
truly
free.
参考答案：
is
regarded
2.
has
changed
3.falls
4.
hoped
5.
are
being
added
6.
had
booked
7.
had
done
8.
had
been
9.
will
be
built
10.
will
pay
语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)
Welcome
to
our
school.I'd
like
to
introduce
you
to
plans
for
our
school.A
lot
of
work
1
(do)
in
the
past
few
years.The
library
2
(complete)
and
is
ready
for
use.But
we
still
have
to
do
more
work.A
new
biology
lab
3
(build)this
year.But
we
don't
have
enough
money
for
the
equipment.Students
in
all
grades
4
(collect)
money.The
money
which
is
collected
5
(spend)
on
new
equipment.At
present，a
plan
6
(make)
for
a
party
at
the
end
of
the
term，at
which
wonderful
performances
7
(put)on.
The
gardens
of
the
school
8
(improve)
this
year.New
trees
9
(plant)
which
will
soon
give
shade
in
summer.The
whole
school
10
(paint)
during
the
summer
holidays.In
fact，our
school
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
参考答案：
has
been
done 2.has
been
completed 3.is
being
built 4.are
collecting 5.will
be
spent
is
being
made7.will
be
put 8.are
being
improved 9.are
being
planted
10.is
going
to
be
painted
句子翻译（注意动词时态与语态）
由于工作时心不在焉，约翰被老板解雇了。
2.
在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。
3.
当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。
4.
应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。
5.
很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。
答案：（only
for
reference）
1.
John
was
dismissed
by
his
boss
as
he
didn’t
pay
much
attention
to
his
work.
2.
Over
the
past
10
years,
great
changes
have
happened
in
this
area.
3.
When
he
got
to
school,
he
realized
that
he
had
left
his
homework
at
home.
4.
Students
should
be
encouraged
to
apply
what
they
have
learned
in
class
to
practice.
5.
Many?years?ago?people?never?knew?that?population?would?become?a?big?problem．?
高考核心词汇检测
I
have
formed
the
_________of
jogging
every
early
morning.
A.
hall
B.
handle
C.
habit
D.
hobby
I
didn’t
____
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
A.
beg
B.
hesitate
C.
desire
D.
hunt
The
lorry
driver
was
badly
_____
when
his
lorry
crashed
into
a
wall.
A.
harvested
B.
hit
C.
hurt
D.
hurried
It
was
a
long
time
before
the
cut
on
my
hand
_____
completely.
A.
healed
B.
hooked
C.
improved
D.
recovered
Please
remember
the
_____moment
when
he
came
back
to
mainland
after
60
years.
A.
holy
B.
historic
C.humble
D.
honorable
At
the
__________
of
four
miles,
the
air
becomes
too
thin
to
breathe.
A.
headline
B.
horizon
C.
height
D.
hovercraft
The
match
is
likely
to
be
one
of
the
________
of
the
tournament.
headlines
B.
highlights
C.
deadlines
D.
hints
Under
the
pressure
from
society,
the
terrorists
released
the
_________
at
last.
A.
gossips
B.
hostages
C.
harbours
D.
housewives
He
spoke
_________
of
the
novel
and
he
almost
worshipped
the
ground
the
author.
A.
heavily
B.
lightly
C.
highly
D.
luckily
He
did
so
badly
in
this
exam
that
he
decided
to
_________
the
score
form
his
parents.
A.
grant
B.
hire
C.
hold
D.
hide
She
won
the
first
winter
Olympic
gold
medal
for
our
motherland.
What
a
_____it
was!
A.
honour
B.
humour
C.
horror
D.
heaven
We
must
try
to
live
in
peace
and
_________
with
ourselves
and
those
around
us.
A.
haste
B.hibernation
C.
horizon
D.
harmony
Drinking
may
make
a
person
feel
relaxed
and
happy,
or
it
may
make
her
_________,
violent,
or
depressed.
A.
handicapped
B.hollow
C.
hostile
D.
hospitable
Many
companies
have
their
_________
in
New
York.
A.hardships
B.headquarters
C.
highlights
D.
hurricanes
They
went
on
a
ten-mile
________
through
the
forest.
A.hike
B.hostess
C.
helmet
D.
heroine
1~5
CBCAB
6~10
BBBBD
11~15.
CDCBA
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
Jim
Thompson
Jim
Thompson’s
life
story
is
one
of
success,
achievement,
and
finally
mystery
because
no
one
knows
how
it
ended.
Thompson
was
born
in
Delaware(21)_____
the
east
coast
of
the
United
States
in
1906.
After
finishing
high
school,
Thompson
went
to
Princeton
University
and
later
studied
architecture
at
the
University
of
Pennsylvania.
After
graduation,
Jim
Thompson
worked
as
an
architect
in
New
York
City
until
1940.
Not
long
after
this,
he
volunteered(22)______
(serve)in
the
U.S.
Army.
During
World
War
II,
Thompson
gathered
intelligence
for
the
army
in
Thailand.
It
was
this
first
taste
of
life
in
the
Far
East(23)______
changed
Thompson’s
life.
He
saw
opportunities
to
develop
tourism
there,
becoming(24)______
(involve)in
an
ambitious
scheme
to
restore
the
Oriental
Hotel.
While
the
hotel
plan
fell
through,
by
that
time
Thompson
had
hit
upon
another
scheme
that
would
eventually
make
him
a
millionaire.
While
traveling
around
Thailand,
he
came
across(25)____
he
considered
exquisite(精美的)samples
of
handwoven
Thai
silk,
a
product
that(26)_____(become)rare.
He
persuaded
the
weavers
to
work
with
him
and
marketed
the
silk
in
New
York,
(27)______
it
became
very
popular.
As
a
consequence,
the
Thai
silk
industry
was
revived(复兴)and
the
business
made
Thompson
and
some
of
the
weavers
very
wealthy.
With
his
success
in
the
silk
business,
Jim
Thompson
continued
his
original
interest
in
architecture
on
the
side.
He
found
six
traditional
Thai
houses
and
had(28)_____
brought
to
Bangkok
and
reassembled
there
as
one
magnificent
house.
Today,
not
only
is
it
a
beautiful
house
inside
and
out,
(29)______
it
is
also
filled
with
the
works
of
art
Thompson
collected.
In
1967
during
a
holiday
in
Malaysia,
he
went
for
a
walk
in
the
Jungle
and
disappeared
forever.
To
this
day,
no
clues(30)____(find)as
to
what
happened
to
this
wealthy
American
businessman
who
is
credited
with
single-handedly
reviving
the
Thai
silk
industry.
答案：
21.
on
22.
to
serve
23.
that
24.
involved
25.
what
26.
had
become
27.
where
28.
them
29.
but
30.
have
been
found
Section
B
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
given
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
more
word
than
you
need.
A
knowledge
B
trained
C
sale
D
movement
E
change
F
spread
G
habits
H
close
I
unknown
J
looked
K.within
Food
and
ideas
about
cooking
it
have
been
passing
from
one
part
of
the
world
to
another
ever
since
the
stone
age
revolution
began
in
the
Middle
East.
They
were
part
of
the
__41__
of
civilization,
though
people
42
their
tastes
in
painting
and
houses
much
faster
than
their
tastes
in
food,
43___
of
what
was
eaten
is
far
less
than
that
of
the
houses
that
were
lived
in
or
the
clothes
that
were
worn.
Only
a
few
books
have
been
published
how
__44
__
the
present
eating
___45
__
are
to
the
cooking
at
any
period
in
the
past？
Change
owed
more
to
the
_46
of
people,
of
armies,
of
businessmen,
of
rich
people,
than
to
books.
Before
canals,
the
railways,
good
roads
were
built,
most
people
ate
what
could
be
produced
__
47
__
a
thirty-mile
area.
Ports
did
better,
of
course,
if
they
were
on
a
big
trade
route.
For
most
people
food
was
got
in
the
areas
where
they
lived,
and
there
was
not
always
enough
of
it
either.
Even
in
good
areas,
poor
country
people
had
little
to
eat
since
most
of
what
they
produced
went
for
__
48
__
at
markets.
Only
rich
men
could
buy
expensive
seeds
to
grow
unusual
vegetables,
or
hire
gardeners
who
understood
how
to
grow
fine
fruit
49
to
the
place
they
lived
in,
or
hire
cooks
__50
__
in
other
places
to
prepare
different
kinds
of
food
at
mealtime.
41
F
42
E
43
A
44
H
45
G
46
D
47K
48
C
49
I
50
B
Section
C
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
What
the
scientists
are
saying…
The
first
primate
(灵长目动物)
clones
For
the
first
time,
scientists
have
used
the
technique
that
produced
Dolly
the
sheep
to
clone
monkeys.
The
Chinese
researchers
who
produced
the
two
macaques
say
that
having
access
to
genetically
identical
primates
will
be
a
huge
___41___
to
medical
research.
It
will
give
scientists
a
clearer
understanding
of
genetic
___42___
by
enabling
them
to
compare
animals
who
are
identical
except
for
one
tweaked
gene;
when
___43___
drugs,
it
will
make
it
possible
to
rule
out
the
possibility
that
variations
in
outcomes
are
down
to
genetic
___44___.
But
other
experts
have
raised
a
host
of
___45___.
The
somatic
cell
nuclear
transfer
(SCNT)
technique
involves
___46___
a
cell
nucleus
to
a
donated
nucleus-free
egg
that
is
then
prompted
to
develop
into
an
embryo（胚胎）.
Although
23
species
have
been
cloned
in
this
way,
primates
have
only
been
cloned
before
using
a
less
complex
embryo-splitting
technique.
Similar
to
the
process
that
creates
twins,
it
can
only
lead
to
a
very
___47___
number
of
genetically
identical
individuals.
SCNT
can
in
___48___
lead
to
a
far
larger
number
of
clones,
but
in
the
Chinese
experiment,
the
fail
rate
was
very
high.
The
team
implanted
scores
of
embryos,
but
only
two
monkeys
survived
beyond
a
few
days.
___49___
to
that
is
the
concern
that
by
cloning
a
primate
species,
the
team
has
broken
down
a
significant
___50___
on
the
way
to
cloning
humans.
Herbal
remedy
danger
Herbal
remedies
such
as
St.
John’s
wort
and
ginseng
may
be
___51___
when
used
alongside
conventional
drugs,
reports
The
Guardian.
In
a
review
of
medical
literature,
researchers
at
Stellenbosch
University
in
South
Africa
found
several
___52___
of
alternative
treatments
appearing
to
___53___
with
prescription
drugs,
resulting
in
potentially
dangerous
side
effects.
In
one
case,
the
autopsy
(解剖)
of
a
55-year-old
who
died
while
swimming
concluded
that
the
ginkgo
biloba
supplements
he
had
been
taking
may
have
___54___
his
anti-seizure
(防止发作)
medicine.
Other
cases
documented
patients
on
statins
appearing
to
suffer
complications
linked
to
flaxseed,
St.
John’s
wort
and
green
tea.
“If
you
are
taking
herbal
remedies,
you
should
___55___it
to
your
clinician,”
said
one
of
the
report’s
authors,
Dr
Charles
Awortwe.
41.
A.
threat
B.
damage
C.
benefit
D.
potential
42.
A.
variations
B.
diseases
C.
structures
D.
factors
43.
A.
manufacturing
B.
applying
C.
testing
D.
prescribing
44.
A.
mess
B.
differences
C.
losses
D.
recombination
45.
A.
concerns
B.
focuses
C.
funds
D.
suspicion
46.
A.
translating
B.
transferring
C.
connecting
D.
reversing
47.
A.
magnificent
B.
astonishing
C.
limited
D.
accurate
48.
A.
theory
B.
reality
C.
advance
D.
addition
49.
A.
Attached
B.
Related
C.
Compared
D.
Added
50.
A.
access
B.
key
C.
barrier
D.
contribution
51.
A.
harmful
B.
useful
C.
helpful
D.
purposeful
52.
A.
methods
B.
figures
C.
problems
D.
instances
53.
A.
deal
B.
interact
C.
mix
D.
identify
54.
A.
put
forward
B.
moved
up
C.
held
down
D.
carried
on
55.
A.
claim
B.
avoid
C.
classify
D.
mention
41-45:
CBCBA
46-50:
BCADC
51-55:
ADBCD
Unit4复习
+
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