中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
（一）、构词法知识
在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
1、合成
合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词写在一起，有的中间需加连字符，有的是分开写的两个)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词，也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：
合成名词
notebook
笔记本
air-conditioner
空调
first-aid
急救by-product
副产品
looker-on
旁观者
baby-sitter
保姆
合成形容词
lifelong
毕生的
second?hand
二手的
absent-minded
心不在焉的man?made
人工的
widespread
广泛的
broken-hearted
心碎的bullet-proof
防弹的
duty-free
免税的
front-page
头版的
合成动词
underline
画线标出
whitewash
粉饰
overcharge
超额收费broadcast
广播
download
下载
undergo
经历
2、转化
不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有：
名词→动词
button纽扣→button扣上纽扣
形容词→动词
correct正确的→correct改正
动词→名词
feed喂养→feed一餐；一顿
形容词→名词
native本地的→native本地人
副词→动词
up在上面→up提高
下面介绍转化法四种主要类型：
（1）.
动词转化为名词。多用来表示一次性动作，或与动作相关的事物。
①We
stopped
there
for
a
swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao
Liu's
answers
is
perfectly
right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。answer原为动词“回答”。
（2）.
名词转化为动词。这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关，也是修辞。例如：
①He
wolfed
down
three
bowls
of
rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He
insisted
on
staying
up
to
nurse
the
child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。nurse.原为名词“护士”。
（3）.
形容词转化为动词。
①He
had
blacked
his
face
with
soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。black
原为形容词“黑色的”。
②My
father
is
emptying
a
box
of
rubbish
into
a
rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。empty原为形容词“空的”。
（4）.
形容词转化为名词。即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。例如：
①My
mother
likes
red.我妈妈喜欢红色（的）。red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The
Chinese
are
working-hard
and
brave
people.中国人勤劳而勇敢。Chinese原为形容词
“中国的”。
3、派生
派生，是英语主要的构词法。这方法是借前缀或后缀之助，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。前缀以否定前缀-im/-is等为主，使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。
(1)形容词加?ly变为副词
fluent
→fluently；angry
→angrily；basic
→basically
(2)动词/名词变形容词的后缀
accept→acceptable;fashion→fashionable;benefit→beneficial;doubt→doubtful;confuse→confused;convince→convincing;access→accessible;impress→impressiv;anxiety→anxious;tire→tiresome
(3)动词变名词的后缀
attract
→attraction;admit
→admission;conduct
→conductor;achieve
→achievemen;perform
→performance;prefer
→preference;press
→pressur;mix
→mixture;depart
→departure;recover
→recovery;vary
→variety;tend
→tendency
(4)形容词变名词的后缀
short
→shortage;efficient
→efficiency;accurate
→accuracy;wise
→wisdom;weak
→weakness;wide
→width;disable
→disability
(5)常表示人的后缀
(6)表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀
advantage
→disadvantage;honest
→dishonest;legal
→illegal;polite
→impolite;patient
→impatient;moral
→immoral;convenient
→inconvenient;regular
→irregular;understand
→misunderstand;willing
→unwilling;end
→endless
(7)构成动词的前缀、后缀
danger
→endanger;courage
→encourage;broad
→broaden;sharp
→sharpe;class
→classify;just
→justify;apology
→apologize;emphasis
→emphasize;memory
→memorize
派生（缀合法）中词性的转化主要有以下四种形式：
名词后缀
1．动词
＋
?ion/?tion
/?sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)
correct
v．改正；纠正
correction
n．改正
celebrate
v．庆祝
celebration
n．庆祝；庆祝会
conclude
v．完成；结束
conclusion
n．结论；结束
2．动词
＋?er/?or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drive
v．驾驶开车；驱赶
driver
n．司机；驾驶员
gather
v．聚集；采集
gatherer
n．收集者；采集者
conduct
v．指挥；管理
conductor
n．指挥；售票员
3．动词＋?ment→名词
punish
v．惩罚
punishment
n．惩罚
4．动词/形容词＋?th→名词
warm
adj.温暖的
warmth
n．温暖
[]
grow
v．生长
growth
n．生长
5．形容词＋?y→名词
difficult
adj.困难的
difficulty
n．困难
honest
adj.诚实的
honesty
n．诚实
6．形容词＋?ness→名词
kind
adj.善良的
kindness
n．善良
7．动词
＋?ance→名词
annoy
vt.使烦恼
annoyance
n．生气；烦恼
8．?ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)
member
n．成员；会员
membership
n．会员资格
professor
n．教授
professorship
n．教授身份
9．?ing结尾的名词
garden
n．花园
gardening
n．园艺
greet
v．打招呼；问候
greetings
n．问候[]
形容词后缀
1．常见形容词后缀
(1)名词＋?al→形容词(表示
“有……属性”，
“与……有关”)
agriculture
n．农业
agricultural
adj.农业的
(2)动词＋?ive→形容词
decide
v．决定；下决心
decisive
adj.决定性的；关键的
(3)动词＋?able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)
change
v．变化；兑换
changeable
adj.易变的；变化无常的
(4)名词
＋?ful→形容词
care
n．小心；关心
careful
adj.小心的；仔细的[]
(5)名词＋?less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)
care
n.
小心；关心
careless
adj.粗心的
(6)名词＋?ly→形容词
friend
n．朋友
friendly
adj.友好的
(7)名词＋?y→形容词
dirt
n．污物；脏物
dirty
adj.脏的
(8)名词＋?ous→形容词
danger
n．危险
dangerous
adj.危险的
2．复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词＋?ing分词
easy?going
随和的
(2)形容词＋名词＋?ed
kind?hearted
善良的；好心的
(3)名词＋?ed分词
water?covered
被水覆盖的
(4)副词＋?ed分词
well?written
写得好的
(5)数词＋名词＋?ed
three?legged
三条腿的
动词词缀
1．前缀?en＋形容词→动词
enrich
v．丰富
enlarge
v．变大；增大；扩大
2．形容词＋?en→动词
shorten
v．缩短
widen
v．加宽
3．?fy结尾的动词
simplify
v．简化
classify
v．归类
4．?ize结尾的动词
realize
v．认识到
popularize
v．普及
否定词缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
un?
不，非 unable不能够 unlucky
不幸的
dis?
不，非 dishonest不诚实的 discontinuous
不连贯的
in?
不，非 inactive不活跃的 incorrect
不正确的
im?
不，非 impatient不耐烦的 impossible不可能的
ir?
不，非 irregular
不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的
il?
不，非 illogical
不合逻辑的 illegal
非法的
non?
不，非 nonexistent不存在的 nonstop
直达的；连续不断的
mis?
错误 mislead
误导 misunderstand
误解
dis?＋动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢 disagree
不同意
un?＋动词(意义相反) uncover
揭开 undress
脱衣服
2．表示否定意义的后缀
名词＋?less→否定意义的形容词
use
n.
用处；用途 useless
adj.无用的
hope
n.
希望
hopeless
adj.没有希望的；绝望的
home
n．家
homeless
adj.无家可归的
（二）、Unit
3重点单词词组复习
1．mind的用法
make
up
one’s
mind
to
do
sth
打定主意／下决心做某事
例：He
made
up
his
mind
not
to
say
a
word
他打定主意一句话也不说。
【拓展】
相关词组
concentrate
one’s
mind
on
sth．
集中思想于某事
read
one’s
mind看出某人心思
mind
作动词，有“介意”的意思，用法比较单一，这里不作讲解。
2．reach
for
sth．
伸手去拿／抓某物或某人
例：The
shopkeeper
reached
for
a
packet
of
tea．
店主伸手拿了一包茶叶。
3．determined的用法
Adj.
with
one’s
mind
firmly
made
up决意的．已决定了的
例：We
are
determined
to
succeed
this
time．
His
enemies
are
determined
to
destroy
his
plan
【拓展】
词性转换
v.
determine
决心．决意
例：We
haven’t
determined
when
to
hold
the
meeting．
He
determined
to
go
abroad
for
further
study．
n.
determination
决定
4．tough的用法
adj.
hard
to
carry
out，difficult难以执行的，困难的
例：a
tough
job／problem棘手的工作／问题
adj.
strong，able
to
endure
hardships强壮的，能耐劳苦的
例：tough
soldiers能吃苦的军人
5．experienced的用法
Adj.
having
experience．having
knowledge
or
skill
有经验的，经验丰富的，熟练的
例：Mr.
Wang
is
an
experienced
teacher．
Experienced
doctors
are
well
received
in
the
hospital
【拓展】
v.
experience
经历
例：Have
you
ever
experienced
real
hunger?
I
have
experienced
a
lot
in
the
past
decade
n．experience经历(可数)，经验(不可数)
例：All
of
us
have
at
least
one
pleasant
experience
He
has
much
experience
in
teaching
6．ring的用法
n.
the
small
square
space
closed
in
with
ropes
in
which
people
box
拳击台
例：Rivera
would
rather
die
in
the
ring
for
the
revolutionary
cause
than
give
up
the
tough
fight
with
that
champion
boxer
为了革命事业．里弗拉宁愿战死拳击台而不愿放弃与那位冠军选手进行一场恶斗。
n.
a
circle
of
metal
that
you
wear
on
your
finger
or
other
parts
of
the
body戴的指环、圈等
例：a
wedding
ring结婚戒指
vi.
to
give
out
a
clear,
musical
sound
like
metal’s
vibration
发出如金属震动般清晰悦耳的声音，鸣
例：How
long
has
that
telephone(bell)been
ringing?
电话(铃)响了多久了?
ring还有系动词的功能，ring
true／false和sound
true／false都为“似乎确实／不确实”之意，需注意。
vt.
to
cause
sth．，esp．a
bell，to
ring
使鸣
例：ring
the
bells鸣钟
【拓展】
相关词组
ring(sb)up给……打电话
7．engage的用法
v.
to
take
part
in，busy
oneself
with，having
agreed
to
get
married，忙于，使订婚(常接in)
engage
in
politics从事于政治
【拓展】
相关词组
be
engaged
in
sth
忙于某事
be
engaged
to
5b．
和某人订婚(此处，to为介词，须注意)
例：Premier
Zhou
was
engaged
in
state
affairs
and
paid
little
attention
to
his
own
health．
周总理忙于国务，无暇顾及自己的身体。
词性转换
n.
engagement婚约
8．match的用法
v.
to
be
a
close
counterpart；correspond(vi)
相称．相配．相适合
例：the
curtains
and
ea
carpets
match
perfectly
窗帘和地毯十分相配。
v.
to
be
equal
to：combine
well
with(sth)．esp．in
color
(vt.)
敌得过，相匹敌．和……相配
例：No
one
can
match
him
in
speed
and
strength．
没人能在速度和力量上与他匹敌。
n.
a
short
thin
stick．LISU
of
wood．with
a
head
covered
by
chemicals
which
flame
when
rubbed
o
r
struck
against
a
rough
surface
and
cause
the
stick
to
burn火柴
9．champion的用法
n．someone
or
something
that
has
won
a
competition,
especially
in
sport冠军
例：a
boxing／5wimming／tennis
champion
一位拳击／游泳／网球冠军
【拓展】词性转换
championship冠军称号．冠军身份．冠军赛，锦标赛
例：to
win
a
world
swimming
championship赢得世界游泳冠军称号
10．survive的用法
vt
&
vi
to
continue
to
live
or
exist幸存．还活着
例：survive(in)an
earthquake地震后幸存
vt.
to
live
or
exist
longer
than
生命较……长久
例：The
old
lady
has
survived
all
her
children
那位老妇人的子女都先她而去了。
【拓展】
同性转换
survivor
幸存者
11．challenge的用法
v
to
call
someone
to
compete
against
one，esp
in
a
fight,
match．etc
挑战(比赛)
例：I
challenged
him
to
a
game
of
tennis
我邀他比赛网球．一比高下。
The
young
man
challenged
me
to
swim
across
the
river
那小伙向我挑战游过这条河。
n.
an
invitation
to
compete
in
a
fight，match，etc
例：a
letter
of
challenge挑战书
【拓展】
相关词组
accept／take
up／respond
to
a
challenge接受挑战
例：He
accepted
his
friend’s
challenge
to
play
baseball．
他接受了与朋友打棒球的挑战。
词性转换
adj.
challenging有挑战性的
例：Life
as
a
housewife
doesn’t
seem
challenging
to
a
well
educated
girl
对于受过良好教育的女孩来说做家庭主妇似乎不太难。
12．dare的用法
与need一样，dare既可州作情态动词．也可用作实义动词。
例：She
dared
not
answer．
M
r．Holmes．I
dare
not
sleep
in
that
room
again福尔摩斯先生，我再也不敢在那个房间里睡觉了。
How
dare
you
say
such
a
thing?
你怎么敢说这种话呢
Now
l
joke
and
say
to
everyone
that
I
dare
tell
my
manager
exactly
what
I
think
of
him.
现在我常常对大家开玩笑说，我敢于把对经理的看法如实地对他说。
用作实义动词时，它有动词的所有形式，即第三人称单数dares．现在分词daring和过去分词dared．后跟带to的不定式，可以用于一切句式。
例：He
dares
to
behave
like
that
in
my
house
他竟敢在我家里这样放肆。
He
does
not
dare
to
fight
他不敢打架。
l
have
never
dared
to
disturb
you．
我从来不敢打搅你。
13．bend的用法
v
to(cause
to)slope
o
r
lean
away
from
an
upright
position(使)倾(身)，弯曲
例：He
bent
over(down)to
tie
his
shoes
他俯下身去系鞋带。
【拓展】相关词组．
bend
over弯过来
bend
down弯下来
bend
forward向前倾
bend
back向后倾
v.
to(cause
to)be
forced
into
or
out
of
a
curve
or
angle弯曲．使成弧形或角
例：bend
the
wire把金属线弯曲
(fig)He
is
very
firm
about
it
I
cannot
bend
him．
(比喻)他对那件事很固执，我无法改变他。
14．1evel的用法
v
to
direct
at
sth．or
sb．and
overcome
or
defeat
it
or
him
夷平，毁坏．击倒
例：level
a
building
to
the
ground把建筑物夷为平地
The
blow
levelled
him
to
the
earth
他被击倒在地。
n.
general
standard，quality．or
degree
一般标准性质或程度
例：I
have
done
my
best
to
keep
level
with
the
latest
results
of
foreign
investigation．
我已尽力与国外研究的最新成果保持同等水平。
15．care的用法
v.
to
like；to
want喜欢．要，欲
例：l
don’t
care
to
play
football
I’d
rather
go
for
a
walk.
我不喜欢踢足球，我宁愿去散步。
v.
to
mind：to
be
worried，anxious，or
concerned
(about)
关心．操心．顾虑
例：When
his
mother
died,
Allan
didn’t
seem
to
care
at
all.
艾伦妈妈去世时，艾伦似乎一点也不在乎。
n．charge，protection，responsibility照料，保护·责任
例：The
patient
is
now
under
the
doctor’s
care，这位病人现在处于医生照料中。
n.
serious
attention，effort
用心．努力
例：You
must
do
your
work
with
more
ca
re
if
you
want
to
be
succes5ful．
你要成功的话，一定要用心做事。
n.
carefulness
in
avoiding
harm,
damage,
etc
小心，谨慎
例：Glass!
Handle
with
care．
玻璃!小心搬运。
16．at
the
cost
of
以……为代价
例：He
5aved
his
daughter
from
the
fire(but)at
the
cost
of
his
own
life
他牺牲了生命，把女儿从大火中救出来。
(注意有无but的语气的细微差别)
cost
sb
sth
让某人付出某种代价
例：Your
crime
will
cost
you
your
life
你的罪行将使你付出生命的代价。
17．ask
for的用法
to
make
a
request
for
sth．or
to
sb
请求某事．央求某人
例：Young
Tom
went
to
the
teachers’
office
to
ask(the
teacher)for
help
·to
behave
so
as
to
cause
something
bad招致(某种恶果)
例：If
you
climb
mountains
in
misty
weather，you
are
really
asking
for
trouble．
如果你在大雾天去爬山，你真是自找麻烦。
18．(be)on
one’s
side
支持某人
例：Your
opinions
don’t
make
much
sense
Whose
side
are
you
on
in
this
question?
你的意见没多大道理。对于这个问题，你支持谁?
【拓展】相关词组
side
by
side并肩
例：The
two
lovely
brothers
walked
to
the
supermarket
side
by
side．
可爱的两兄弟并肩前往超市。
19．beg
sb．to
do
sth．
乞求某人做某事
例：May
I
beg
(of)you
to
do
it
for
me?
可以请你为我干这件事吗?
【拓展】
相关词组
beg
from
door
to
door挨家挨户乞讨
beg
a
favor
of
sb／beg
sb．for
a
favor请求某人帮助
beg
for
mercy／peace乞求施舍／和平
20．quit(doing)sth．
放弃做……
例：quit
smoking戒烟
quit的过去式、过去分词有两种，即quitted或quit．而以后面一种更常用。21．avoid(doing)
sth．
避免(做)某事
例：We
must
try
to
avoid
(making)the
same
mistake
next
time.
已学过的与avoid有关的词有：avoidable(可避免的)和unavoidable(同义词为inevitable，意思是“不可避免的”)
22．throw
all
caution
to
the
winds
不顾一切，毫无顾忌
例：After
looking
around
for
a
while，the
thief
found
nobody,
so
he
began
to
throw
all
caution
to
the
winds．
环顾四周，小偷发现没人，就开始肆无忌惮起来。
23．(be)at
ore’s
mercy的用法
·听任摆布，和(be)at
the
mercy
of
sb同义
例：Primitive
man
was
at
the
mercy
of
his
environment
原始人受其所处环境的支配。
mercy为常用词，和它有关的其他词组为：
have
mercy
on
sb和show
mercy
to
sb都为“对某人表示同情(或怜悯)”之意思。
例：He
showed
mercy
to
his
enemies
and
let
them
live，
他对敌人表示宽大，饶了他们的性命。
24．catch
sb．off
his
guard
攻其不备，趁其不意
例：The
police，catching
the
criminal
off
his
guard,
arrested
him
as
he
was
drinking
in
a
public
house.
罪犯在酒店里喝酒．警察趁其不备把他逮住了。
高考核心词汇精选背诵（F字母）
facility
fetch
fade
float
faint
fortune
fabulous
fake
fascinate
foundation
fantastic
fling
feasible
frequent
flavour
flatter
feature
frustrate
furnish
forum
fierce
fulfil
feedback
faculty
figure
function
feast
flourish
financial
fund
fatal
fragile
flexible
fundamental
fancy
famine
forbid
furthermore
flee
fatigue
单句填空
1.
To
avoid
knee
pain,
you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces
to
________(strength)your
leg
muscles,
avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
Running
is
cheap,
easy
and
it's
always
________(energy).
2.
This
switch
has
decreased
________(pollute)
in
the
country's
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total
_______
(globe)fertilizer
consumption.
3.
My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
________(science)who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
4.The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be________(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
5.
Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius,
who
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B.
C.
,
influenced
the
______
(develop)
of
chopsticks．
6.
The
central
London
Railway
was
one
of
the
most
_
(success)
of
these
new
lines，and
was
opened
in
1900．
7.
But
Sarah,
who
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models
wants
to
prove
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty
she
is
determined
to
carry
on
with
her
_______
(educate)．
8.
But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
________
(attract)．[]
9.
The
title
will
be
________
(official)
given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London．
10.
Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you’ll
feel
a
real
sense
of
_______(achieve).
11.
Recent
studies
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
_____
(regular).
12.
Food
in
small
pieces
could
be
eaten
easily
with
twigs
which
_______
(gradual)
turned
into
chopsticks．
句子翻译（合成法、转化法）
1.
他们计划带我们到他们的故乡观光。
2.
我们都在笑那个心不在焉的教授。
3.
当老鼠面对各种食物可以自主选择时，它们也会忍不住吃得过多。
4.
我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
5.
美国大约有三千一百万黑人。
高考核心词汇检测
is
important
in
sport,
but
of
at
least
equal
importance
are
skills.
A.Fair
B.
Fake
C.
Fitness
D.Flavour
On
New
Year's
Eve,
New
York
City
holds
an
outdoor
_________
which
attracts
a
crowd
of
people.
A.
affair
B.
facility
C.
fiction
D.
event
20.With
your
help,
I
believe
I
will
be
able
to
__________this
difficult
mathematics
problem.
A.
figure
out
B.
end
up
with
C.
be
fed
up
with
D.
be
familiar
with
The
cause
of
the
accident
may
have
been
the
engine's
________to
operate.
A.
fault
B.
failure
C.
inconvenience
D.
disorder
A
driver
is
asked
to
keep
his
safety
belt
________
while
driving
on
the
freeway.
A.
fixed
B.
folded
C.
fastened
D.
furnished
Pop
music
is
loved
by
lots
of
people,
but
it
is
not
to
everyone’s
_____.
A.
smell
B.
favour
C.
sound
D.
taste
See
what
I
look
like
now!
Why
not
take
up
exercise
to
improve
your
________.
A.
fancy
B.
form
C.
shadow
D.
figure
Because
of
_______
competition,
prices
of
food
are
likely
to
drop.
A.
federal
B.
fierce
C.
fair
D.
fundamental
Green
products
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular
because
they
are
environmentally
_______.
A.
friendly
B.
fully
C.
financially
D.
fatally
In
2005,
tsunami
struck
Southeast
Asia,
and
it
is
quite
difficult
to
_________
the
losses.
A.
figure
out
B.
make
out
C.
fill
in
D.
fall
behind
Alfred
Nobel,
a
Swedish
chemist,
left
more
than
9
million
dollars
of
his
______
to
found
the
Nobel
Prizes.
A.
fortune
B.
value
C.
fund
D.
income
She
wanted
to
______
the
model
competition,
which
was
strongly
opposed
by
her
parents.
A.
engage
in
B.
enter
for
C.
focus
on
D.
fall
off
His
executive
position
and
qualifications
______
him
to
a
higher
salary.
A.
entitled
B.
elected
C.
fascinated
D.
forced
He
went
into
the
room
on
tiptoe
______
waking
up
the
sleeping
child.
A.
in
favour
of
B.
in
face
of
C.
for
fear
of
D.
in
the
form
of
15.
He
______
that
it
would
take
a
lot
of
time
to
do
this
job.
A.
foresaw
B.
fled
C.
fulfilled
D.
fetched
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Uh-oh,
the
new
year's
just
begun
and
already
you're
finding
it
hard
to
keep
those
resolutions
to
junk
the
junk
food,
get
off
the
couch
or
kick
smoking.
There's
a
biological
reason
why
a
lot
of
our
bad
habits
are
so
hard
to
break
–
they
get（
21）______(wire)
into
our
brains.
"Why
are
bad
habits
stronger?
You're
fighting
against
the
power
of
an
immediate
reward,"
says
Dr.
Nora
Volkow,
director
of
the
National
Institute
on
Drug
Abuse
and
an
authority
on
the
brain's
pleasure
pathway.
"We
all
as
creatures
are
behaving
that
way,
to
give
greater
value
to
an
immediate
reward
as
opposed
to
(22)______
is
delayed,"
Volkow
says.
How
this
bit
of
happiness
turns
into
a
habit
involves
a
pleasure-sensing
chemicalnamed
dopamine.
It
causes
the
brain
(23)______(pursue)
that
reward
again
and
again
strengthening
the
connection
each
time
–
especially
when
it
gets
the
right
hint
from
your
environment.
People
tend
to
overestimate
their
ability
to
resist
temptations
around
them,
thus
(24)
______(destroy)
attempts
to
give
up
bad
habits.
Even
scientists
who
recognize
it
(25)______
show
weakness.
"I
know
popcorns
are
not
healthy.
But
every
time
I
go
to
the
cinema,
I
have
to
eat
it,"
Volkow
says，
"It's
fascinating."
A
movement
to
pay
people
for
behavior
changes
may
exploit
that
connection,
as
some
companies
offer
employees
outright
payments
or
insurance
reduction
for
adopting
better
habits.
(26)______well
paying
for
behavior
plays
out,
researchers
say
there
are
still
some
steps
that
may
help
fight
your
brain's
hold
(27)______
newly-established
habits:
Repeat,
repeat,
repeat
the
new
behavior
–
the
same
routine
at
the
same
time
of
day.
You
decide
to
exercise.
Doing
it
at
the
same
time
of
the
morning,
rather
than
fitting
it
in
casually,
(28)______
(make)
the
striatum(终脑皮层)recognize
the
habit.Therefore,
if
you
don’t
keep
doing
it,
you
will
feel
frustrated.
Exercise
itself
raises
dopamine
levels,
so
eventually
your
brain
will
get
a
feel-good
hit
(29)______
______
your
muscles
protest.
Besides,
try
to
reward
yourself
with
(30)______
that
you
really
desire.
For
instance,
if
you
exercise
all
week
or
stick
to
your
diet,
you
could
try
a
fancy
restaurant-
safer
perhaps
than
a
box
of
cookies
because
the
price
inhibits
the
quantity.
Section
B
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
necessary
B.
infect
C.
extremes
D.
refreshed
E.
spellsF.
impact
G.
accompanied
H.
sufficient
I.
shrink
J.
silenced
K.
earned
As
the
increased
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere,
heat
stress,
longer
droughts(干旱),
and
more
intense
rainfalls
linked
to
global
warming
continue
to
upset
our
daily
weather,
we
often
forget
they
also
___31___
the
quantity,
quality,
and
growing
locations
of
our
food.
Many
foods
have
already
___32___
top
spots
on
the
world's
"endangered
foods"
list,
indicating
their
possibility
to
become
scarce
within
the
next
30
years.
To
start
with
what
is
___33___
in
many
people’s
lives,
we
are
disappointed
to
find
that
coffee
plantations
in
South
America,
Africa,
Asia,
and
Hawaii
are
all
being
threatened
by
rising
air
temperatures
and
erratic(不稳定的)
rainfall
patterns,
which
invite
disease
and
invasive
species
to
___34___
the
coffee
plant
and
beans.
The
result?Significant
cuts
in
coffee
output.
And
Coffee's
culinary
cousin,
cacao
(aka
chocolate),
is
also
suffering
stress
from
global
warming's
rising
temperatures.
But
for
chocolate,
it
isn't
the
warmer
climate
alone
that's
the
problem.
Cacao
trees
actually
prefer
warmer
climates
as
long
as
that
warmth
is
paired
with
high
humidity
and
___35___
rain.
However,
the
problem
is
that
the
higher
temperatures
projected
for
the
world's
leading
chocolate-producing
countries
are
not
expected
to
be___36___by
an
increase
in
rainfall.
Therefore
as
higher
temperatures
take
more
moisture
from
soil
and
plants,
it's
unlikely
that
rainfall
will
increase
enough
to
make
up
for
this
loss.
A
notably
nutritious
plant,
the
peanut
grows
best
when
it
gets
five
months
of
continuous
warm
weather
and
20
to
40
inches
of
rain.
Anything
less
and
plants
won't
survive.
That
isn't
good
news
when
most
climate
models
agree
that
the
climate
of
the
future
will
be
one
of
the
___37___,
including
droughts
and
heatwaves.
The
world
has
already
caught
a
glimpse
of
the
peanut's
future
fate
when
last
year
a
serious
drought
across
the
peanut-growing
Southeastern
U.S.
led
many
plants
to
die.
According
to
a
financial
report,
the
dry
___38___
caused
peanut
prices
to
rise
by
as
much
as
40
percent!
Finally,
in
the
world
of
sea,
as
air
temperatures
rise,
oceans
and
waterways
absorb
some
of
the
heat
and
undergo
warming
of
their
own.
The
result
is
the
___39___in
fish
population.
Warmer
waters
also
encourage
vicious
marine
bacteria,
like
Vibrio,
to
grow
and
cause
illness
in
humans.
And
that
satisfying
"crack"
you
get
when
eating
crab(蟹)
could
be
___40___
as
shellfish
struggle
to
build
their
calcium
carbonate
(碳酸钙)
shells,
a
result
of
ocean
acidification.
Section
C
Reading
Americans
are
suffering
from
an
acute
case
of
“outdoor
deprivation
disorder,”
and
the
effects
on
physical
and
mental
health
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?news?/?health?/?diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics?/?mentalhealthanddisorders?/?index.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
are
rising
fast.
Children
aged
8
to
18
today
spend
more
time
than
ever
using
electronic
media
indoors
—
seven
and
a
half
hours
a
day,
according
to
the
Kaiser
Family
Foundation
(?http:?/??/?www.kff.org?/?entmedia?/?upload?/?8010.pdf?)
—
and
less
time
in
outdoor
unstructured
activity.
In
response
to
the
No
Child
Left
Behind
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?subjects?/?n?/?no_child_left_behind_act?/?index.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
law,
30
percent
of
kindergarten
classrooms
have
eliminated
recess
to
make
more
room
for
academics.
The
resulting
lack
of
physical
activity
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?specialtopic?/?physical-activity?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
a
growing
disconnect
with
the
natural
environment
have
been
linked
in
a
host
of
studies
to
obesity
and
obesity-related
diseases
in
children
(?http:?/??/?www.cppah.com?/?article?/?PIIS1538544210000441?/?abstract?)
and
adults,
including
Type
2
diabetes
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?type-2-diabetes?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
high
blood
pressure
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?hypertension?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
heart
disease,
asthma
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?asthma?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?liver-disease?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
as
well
as
vitamin
D
deficiency
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?rickets?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
osteoporosis
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?osteoporosis?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
stress,
depression,
attention
deficit
disorder
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
myopia
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?nearsightedness?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?).
Dr.
Daphne
Miller,
a
family
physician
affiliated
with
the
University
of
California,
San
Francisco
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?topics?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?organizations?/?u?/?university_of_california?/?index.html?inline=nyt-org?),
calls
them
“diseases
of
indoor
living.”
There’s
a
simple
remedy
—
get
outside
and
start
moving
around
in
green
spaces
near
and
far,
most
of
which
are
free.
A
group
of
physicians,
health
insurers,
naturalists
and
government
agencies
have
banded
together
to
help
more
people
of
all
ages
and
economic
strata
engage
in
health-enhancing
physical
activity
in
parks
and
other
natural
environments.
This
grass-roots
movement
has
already
reached
the
White
House.
This
year
President
Obama
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?people?/?o?/?barack_obama?/?index.html?inline=nyt-per?)
started
the
America’s
Great
Outdoors
Initiative
(?http:?/??/?www.doi.gov?/?americasgreatoutdoors?/?index.cfm?),
proclaiming
June
“Great
Outdoors
Month.”
The
initiative
aims
not
just
to
counter
sedentary
lifestyles
but
also
to
reacquaint
Americans
with
the
farms,
ranches,
rivers,
forests,
national
and
local
parks,
fishing
holes
and
beaches
that
provide
opportunities
for
people
“to
stay
active
and
healthy.”
The
goals
dovetail
with
Michelle
Obama
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?people?/?o?/?michelle_obama?/?index.html?inline=nyt-per?)’s
battle
against
childhood
obesity
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?symptoms?/?morbid-obesity?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
her
initiative
Let’s
Move
Outside,
a
program
that’s
part
of
her
Let’s
Move
(?http:?/??/?www.letsmove.gov?/??)
campaign.
Dr.
Miller
said
that
the
aim
was
to
“turn
our
public
lands
into
public
health
resources.
Doctors
around
the
country
are
beginning
to
realize
that
getting
patients
out
of
doors
has
benefits
even
beyond
getting
people
to
exercise.
“It’s
a
lot
cheaper
to
go
outside
and
move
than
it
is
to
build
gyms
and
a
lot
of
hospitals
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?news?/?health?/?diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics?/?hospitals?/?index.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),”
she
said.
73.What's
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
A.
Outdoor
deprivation
disorder
has
great
effect
on
children.
B.
Obesity-related
diseases
are
quite
common
in
America.
C.
Call
on
people
to
head
out
for
a
daily
dose
of
green
space.
D.
President
Obama
are
fond
of
natural
environment
and
health-enhancing
physical
activity.
74.The
phrase"
obesity-related
diseases"
in
the
second
paragraph
include
all
the
following
A.
Type
2
diabetes
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?type-2-diabetes?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
high
blood
pressure
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?hypertension?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
B.
asthma
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?asthma?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?liver-disease?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
C..
attention
deficit
disorder
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
myopia
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?nearsightedness?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
75.According
to
the
last
three
paragraphs,____________.
A.
Physicians,
health
insurers
and
naturalists
have
united
to
help
people
engage
in
physical
activity,
but
government
agencies
disagree
with
them.
B
President
Obama
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?people?/?o?/?barack_obama?/?index.html?inline=nyt-per?)
started
the
America’s
Great
Outdoors
Initiative
(?http:?/??/?www.doi.gov?/?americasgreatoutdoors?/?index.cfm?),
proclaiming
"Let’s
Move
Outside".
C.
June
“Great
Outdoors
Month”
simply
aims
to
counter
sedentary
lifestyles.
D.
The
aim
of
Let’s
Move
(?http:?/??/?www.letsmove.gov?/??)
campaign
was
to
make
the
best
use
of
our
public
lands
for
the
sake
of
public
health.
76.What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
Children
aged
8
to
18
today
spend
no
more
than
seven
hours
a
day
using
electronic
media
indoors.
B.
Get
outside
and
start
moving
around
in
green
spaces
is
the
best
way
to
cure
"diseases
of
indoor
living".
C.
Getting
patients
out
of
doors
benefits
patients
more
than
getting
people
to
exercise.
D.
It
is
no
longer
necessary
to
build
gyms
and
hospitals
in
America.
Section
D
Translation
1.
在这么短的时间内看完一篇5000字的报告是几乎不可能的。（cover）
2.
他没有意识到自己的缺点直到老师提醒他。(conscious;
remind)
3.
当你祝贺一个外国人获得成功时，你必须考虑到文化差异。（account
n.）
4.虽然他很快恢复了健康，医生还是建议他不要熬夜太晚。（despite）
5很多年后他才明白，每个人，无论强弱贫富，只要他对社会做出了贡献，就应该得到尊重。(before)
Unit3复习
+
构词法
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
（一）、构词法知识
在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
1、合成
合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词写在一起，有的中间需加连字符，有的是分开写的两个)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词，也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：
合成名词
notebook
笔记本
air-conditioner
空调
first-aid
急救by-product
副产品
looker-on
旁观者
baby-sitter
保姆
合成形容词
lifelong
毕生的
second?hand
二手的
absent-minded
心不在焉的man?made
人工的
widespread
广泛的
broken-hearted
心碎的bullet-proof
防弹的
duty-free
免税的
front-page
头版的
合成动词
underline
画线标出
whitewash
粉饰
overcharge
超额收费broadcast
广播
download
下载
undergo
经历
2、转化
不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有：
名词→动词
button纽扣→button扣上纽扣
形容词→动词
correct正确的→correct改正
动词→名词
feed喂养→feed一餐；一顿
形容词→名词
native本地的→native本地人
副词→动词
up在上面→up提高
下面介绍转化法四种主要类型：
（1）.
动词转化为名词。多用来表示一次性动作，或与动作相关的事物。
①We
stopped
there
for
a
swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao
Liu's
answers
is
perfectly
right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。answer原为动词“回答”。
（2）.
名词转化为动词。这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关，也是修辞。例如：
①He
wolfed
down
three
bowls
of
rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He
insisted
on
staying
up
to
nurse
the
child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。nurse.原为名词“护士”。
（3）.
形容词转化为动词。
①He
had
blacked
his
face
with
soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。black
原为形容词“黑色的”。
②My
father
is
emptying
a
box
of
rubbish
into
a
rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。empty原为形容词“空的”。
（4）.
形容词转化为名词。即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。例如：
①My
mother
likes
red.我妈妈喜欢红色（的）。red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The
Chinese
are
working-hard
and
brave
people.中国人勤劳而勇敢。Chinese原为形容词
“中国的”。
3、派生
派生，是英语主要的构词法。这方法是借前缀或后缀之助，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。前缀以否定前缀-im/-is等为主，使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。
(1)形容词加?ly变为副词
fluent
→fluently；angry
→angrily；basic
→basically
(2)动词/名词变形容词的后缀
accept→acceptable;fashion→fashionable;benefit→beneficial;doubt→doubtful;confuse→confused;convince→convincing;access→accessible;impress→impressiv;anxiety→anxious;tire→tiresome
(3)动词变名词的后缀
attract
→attraction;admit
→admission;conduct
→conductor;achieve
→achievemen;perform
→performance;prefer
→preference;press
→pressur;mix
→mixture;depart
→departure;recover
→recovery;vary
→variety;tend
→tendency
(4)形容词变名词的后缀
short
→shortage;efficient
→efficiency;accurate
→accuracy;wise
→wisdom;weak
→weakness;wide
→width;disable
→disability
(5)常表示人的后缀
(6)表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀
advantage
→disadvantage;honest
→dishonest;legal
→illegal;polite
→impolite;patient
→impatient;moral
→immoral;convenient
→inconvenient;regular
→irregular;understand
→misunderstand;willing
→unwilling;end
→endless
(7)构成动词的前缀、后缀
danger
→endanger;courage
→encourage;broad
→broaden;sharp
→sharpe;class
→classify;just
→justify;apology
→apologize;emphasis
→emphasize;memory
→memorize
派生（缀合法）中词性的转化主要有以下四种形式：
名词后缀
1．动词
＋
?ion/?tion
/?sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)
correct
v．改正；纠正
correction
n．改正
celebrate
v．庆祝
celebration
n．庆祝；庆祝会
conclude
v．完成；结束
conclusion
n．结论；结束
2．动词
＋?er/?or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drive
v．驾驶开车；驱赶
driver
n．司机；驾驶员
gather
v．聚集；采集
gatherer
n．收集者；采集者
conduct
v．指挥；管理
conductor
n．指挥；售票员
3．动词＋?ment→名词
punish
v．惩罚
punishment
n．惩罚
4．动词/形容词＋?th→名词
warm
adj.温暖的
warmth
n．温暖
[]
grow
v．生长
growth
n．生长
5．形容词＋?y→名词
difficult
adj.困难的
difficulty
n．困难
honest
adj.诚实的
honesty
n．诚实
6．形容词＋?ness→名词
kind
adj.善良的
kindness
n．善良
7．动词
＋?ance→名词
annoy
vt.使烦恼
annoyance
n．生气；烦恼
8．?ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)
member
n．成员；会员
membership
n．会员资格
professor
n．教授
professorship
n．教授身份
9．?ing结尾的名词
garden
n．花园
gardening
n．园艺
greet
v．打招呼；问候
greetings
n．问候[]
形容词后缀
1．常见形容词后缀
(1)名词＋?al→形容词(表示
“有……属性”，
“与……有关”)
agriculture
n．农业
agricultural
adj.农业的
(2)动词＋?ive→形容词
decide
v．决定；下决心
decisive
adj.决定性的；关键的
(3)动词＋?able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)
change
v．变化；兑换
changeable
adj.易变的；变化无常的
(4)名词
＋?ful→形容词
care
n．小心；关心
careful
adj.小心的；仔细的[]
(5)名词＋?less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)
care
n.
小心；关心
careless
adj.粗心的
(6)名词＋?ly→形容词
friend
n．朋友
friendly
adj.友好的
(7)名词＋?y→形容词
dirt
n．污物；脏物
dirty
adj.脏的
(8)名词＋?ous→形容词
danger
n．危险
dangerous
adj.危险的
2．复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词＋?ing分词
easy?going
随和的
(2)形容词＋名词＋?ed
kind?hearted
善良的；好心的
(3)名词＋?ed分词
water?covered
被水覆盖的
(4)副词＋?ed分词
well?written
写得好的
(5)数词＋名词＋?ed
three?legged
三条腿的
动词词缀
1．前缀?en＋形容词→动词
enrich
v．丰富
enlarge
v．变大；增大；扩大
2．形容词＋?en→动词
shorten
v．缩短
widen
v．加宽
3．?fy结尾的动词
simplify
v．简化
classify
v．归类
4．?ize结尾的动词
realize
v．认识到
popularize
v．普及
否定词缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
un?
不，非 unable不能够 unlucky
不幸的
dis?
不，非 dishonest不诚实的 discontinuous
不连贯的
in?
不，非 inactive不活跃的 incorrect
不正确的
im?
不，非 impatient不耐烦的 impossible不可能的
ir?
不，非 irregular
不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的
il?
不，非 illogical
不合逻辑的 illegal
非法的
non?
不，非 nonexistent不存在的 nonstop
直达的；连续不断的
mis?
错误 mislead
误导 misunderstand
误解
dis?＋动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢 disagree
不同意
un?＋动词(意义相反) uncover
揭开 undress
脱衣服
2．表示否定意义的后缀
名词＋?less→否定意义的形容词
use
n.
用处；用途 useless
adj.无用的
hope
n.
希望
hopeless
adj.没有希望的；绝望的
home
n．家
homeless
adj.无家可归的
（二）、Unit
3重点单词词组复习
1．mind的用法
make
up
one’s
mind
to
do
sth
打定主意／下决心做某事
例：He
made
up
his
mind
not
to
say
a
word
他打定主意一句话也不说。
【拓展】
相关词组
concentrate
one’s
mind
on
sth．
集中思想于某事
read
one’s
mind看出某人心思
mind
作动词，有“介意”的意思，用法比较单一，这里不作讲解。
2．reach
for
sth．
伸手去拿／抓某物或某人
例：The
shopkeeper
reached
for
a
packet
of
tea．
店主伸手拿了一包茶叶。
3．determined的用法
Adj.
with
one’s
mind
firmly
made
up决意的．已决定了的
例：We
are
determined
to
succeed
this
time．
His
enemies
are
determined
to
destroy
his
plan
【拓展】
词性转换
v.
determine
决心．决意
例：We
haven’t
determined
when
to
hold
the
meeting．
He
determined
to
go
abroad
for
further
study．
n.
determination
决定
4．tough的用法
adj.
hard
to
carry
out，difficult难以执行的，困难的
例：a
tough
job／problem棘手的工作／问题
adj.
strong，able
to
endure
hardships强壮的，能耐劳苦的
例：tough
soldiers能吃苦的军人
5．experienced的用法
Adj.
having
experience．having
knowledge
or
skill
有经验的，经验丰富的，熟练的
例：Mr.
Wang
is
an
experienced
teacher．
Experienced
doctors
are
well
received
in
the
hospital
【拓展】
v.
experience
经历
例：Have
you
ever
experienced
real
hunger?
I
have
experienced
a
lot
in
the
past
decade
n．experience经历(可数)，经验(不可数)
例：All
of
us
have
at
least
one
pleasant
experience
He
has
much
experience
in
teaching
6．ring的用法
n.
the
small
square
space
closed
in
with
ropes
in
which
people
box
拳击台
例：Rivera
would
rather
die
in
the
ring
for
the
revolutionary
cause
than
give
up
the
tough
fight
with
that
champion
boxer
为了革命事业．里弗拉宁愿战死拳击台而不愿放弃与那位冠军选手进行一场恶斗。
n.
a
circle
of
metal
that
you
wear
on
your
finger
or
other
parts
of
the
body戴的指环、圈等
例：a
wedding
ring结婚戒指
vi.
to
give
out
a
clear,
musical
sound
like
metal’s
vibration
发出如金属震动般清晰悦耳的声音，鸣
例：How
long
has
that
telephone(bell)been
ringing?
电话(铃)响了多久了?
ring还有系动词的功能，ring
true／false和sound
true／false都为“似乎确实／不确实”之意，需注意。
vt.
to
cause
sth．，esp．a
bell，to
ring
使鸣
例：ring
the
bells鸣钟
【拓展】
相关词组
ring(sb)up给……打电话
7．engage的用法
v.
to
take
part
in，busy
oneself
with，having
agreed
to
get
married，忙于，使订婚(常接in)
engage
in
politics从事于政治
【拓展】
相关词组
be
engaged
in
sth
忙于某事
be
engaged
to
5b．
和某人订婚(此处，to为介词，须注意)
例：Premier
Zhou
was
engaged
in
state
affairs
and
paid
little
attention
to
his
own
health．
周总理忙于国务，无暇顾及自己的身体。
词性转换
n.
engagement婚约
8．match的用法
v.
to
be
a
close
counterpart；correspond(vi)
相称．相配．相适合
例：the
curtains
and
ea
carpets
match
perfectly
窗帘和地毯十分相配。
v.
to
be
equal
to：combine
well
with(sth)．esp．in
color
(vt.)
敌得过，相匹敌．和……相配
例：No
one
can
match
him
in
speed
and
strength．
没人能在速度和力量上与他匹敌。
n.
a
short
thin
stick．LISU
of
wood．with
a
head
covered
by
chemicals
which
flame
when
rubbed
o
r
struck
against
a
rough
surface
and
cause
the
stick
to
burn火柴
9．champion的用法
n．someone
or
something
that
has
won
a
competition,
especially
in
sport冠军
例：a
boxing／5wimming／tennis
champion
一位拳击／游泳／网球冠军
【拓展】词性转换
championship冠军称号．冠军身份．冠军赛，锦标赛
例：to
win
a
world
swimming
championship赢得世界游泳冠军称号
10．survive的用法
vt
&
vi
to
continue
to
live
or
exist幸存．还活着
例：survive(in)an
earthquake地震后幸存
vt.
to
live
or
exist
longer
than
生命较……长久
例：The
old
lady
has
survived
all
her
children
那位老妇人的子女都先她而去了。
【拓展】
同性转换
survivor
幸存者
11．challenge的用法
v
to
call
someone
to
compete
against
one，esp
in
a
fight,
match．etc
挑战(比赛)
例：I
challenged
him
to
a
game
of
tennis
我邀他比赛网球．一比高下。
The
young
man
challenged
me
to
swim
across
the
river
那小伙向我挑战游过这条河。
n.
an
invitation
to
compete
in
a
fight，match，etc
例：a
letter
of
challenge挑战书
【拓展】
相关词组
accept／take
up／respond
to
a
challenge接受挑战
例：He
accepted
his
friend’s
challenge
to
play
baseball．
他接受了与朋友打棒球的挑战。
词性转换
adj.
challenging有挑战性的
例：Life
as
a
housewife
doesn’t
seem
challenging
to
a
well
educated
girl
对于受过良好教育的女孩来说做家庭主妇似乎不太难。
12．dare的用法
与need一样，dare既可州作情态动词．也可用作实义动词。
例：She
dared
not
answer．
M
r．Holmes．I
dare
not
sleep
in
that
room
again福尔摩斯先生，我再也不敢在那个房间里睡觉了。
How
dare
you
say
such
a
thing?
你怎么敢说这种话呢
Now
l
joke
and
say
to
everyone
that
I
dare
tell
my
manager
exactly
what
I
think
of
him.
现在我常常对大家开玩笑说，我敢于把对经理的看法如实地对他说。
用作实义动词时，它有动词的所有形式，即第三人称单数dares．现在分词daring和过去分词dared．后跟带to的不定式，可以用于一切句式。
例：He
dares
to
behave
like
that
in
my
house
他竟敢在我家里这样放肆。
He
does
not
dare
to
fight
他不敢打架。
l
have
never
dared
to
disturb
you．
我从来不敢打搅你。
13．bend的用法
v
to(cause
to)slope
o
r
lean
away
from
an
upright
position(使)倾(身)，弯曲
例：He
bent
over(down)to
tie
his
shoes
他俯下身去系鞋带。
【拓展】相关词组．
bend
over弯过来
bend
down弯下来
bend
forward向前倾
bend
back向后倾
v.
to(cause
to)be
forced
into
or
out
of
a
curve
or
angle弯曲．使成弧形或角
例：bend
the
wire把金属线弯曲
(fig)He
is
very
firm
about
it
I
cannot
bend
him．
(比喻)他对那件事很固执，我无法改变他。
14．1evel的用法
v
to
direct
at
sth．or
sb．and
overcome
or
defeat
it
or
him
夷平，毁坏．击倒
例：level
a
building
to
the
ground把建筑物夷为平地
The
blow
levelled
him
to
the
earth
他被击倒在地。
n.
general
standard，quality．or
degree
一般标准性质或程度
例：I
have
done
my
best
to
keep
level
with
the
latest
results
of
foreign
investigation．
我已尽力与国外研究的最新成果保持同等水平。
15．care的用法
v.
to
like；to
want喜欢．要，欲
例：l
don’t
care
to
play
football
I’d
rather
go
for
a
walk.
我不喜欢踢足球，我宁愿去散步。
v.
to
mind：to
be
worried，anxious，or
concerned
(about)
关心．操心．顾虑
例：When
his
mother
died,
Allan
didn’t
seem
to
care
at
all.
艾伦妈妈去世时，艾伦似乎一点也不在乎。
n．charge，protection，responsibility照料，保护·责任
例：The
patient
is
now
under
the
doctor’s
care，这位病人现在处于医生照料中。
n.
serious
attention，effort
用心．努力
例：You
must
do
your
work
with
more
ca
re
if
you
want
to
be
succes5ful．
你要成功的话，一定要用心做事。
n.
carefulness
in
avoiding
harm,
damage,
etc
小心，谨慎
例：Glass!
Handle
with
care．
玻璃!小心搬运。
16．at
the
cost
of
以……为代价
例：He
5aved
his
daughter
from
the
fire(but)at
the
cost
of
his
own
life
他牺牲了生命，把女儿从大火中救出来。
(注意有无but的语气的细微差别)
cost
sb
sth
让某人付出某种代价
例：Your
crime
will
cost
you
your
life
你的罪行将使你付出生命的代价。
17．ask
for的用法
to
make
a
request
for
sth．or
to
sb
请求某事．央求某人
例：Young
Tom
went
to
the
teachers’
office
to
ask(the
teacher)for
help
·to
behave
so
as
to
cause
something
bad招致(某种恶果)
例：If
you
climb
mountains
in
misty
weather，you
are
really
asking
for
trouble．
如果你在大雾天去爬山，你真是自找麻烦。
18．(be)on
one’s
side
支持某人
例：Your
opinions
don’t
make
much
sense
Whose
side
are
you
on
in
this
question?
你的意见没多大道理。对于这个问题，你支持谁?
【拓展】相关词组
side
by
side并肩
例：The
two
lovely
brothers
walked
to
the
supermarket
side
by
side．
可爱的两兄弟并肩前往超市。
19．beg
sb．to
do
sth．
乞求某人做某事
例：May
I
beg
(of)you
to
do
it
for
me?
可以请你为我干这件事吗?
【拓展】
相关词组
beg
from
door
to
door挨家挨户乞讨
beg
a
favor
of
sb／beg
sb．for
a
favor请求某人帮助
beg
for
mercy／peace乞求施舍／和平
20．quit(doing)sth．
放弃做……
例：quit
smoking戒烟
quit的过去式、过去分词有两种，即quitted或quit．而以后面一种更常用。21．avoid(doing)
sth．
避免(做)某事
例：We
must
try
to
avoid
(making)the
same
mistake
next
time.
已学过的与avoid有关的词有：avoidable(可避免的)和unavoidable(同义词为inevitable，意思是“不可避免的”)
22．throw
all
caution
to
the
winds
不顾一切，毫无顾忌
例：After
looking
around
for
a
while，the
thief
found
nobody,
so
he
began
to
throw
all
caution
to
the
winds．
环顾四周，小偷发现没人，就开始肆无忌惮起来。
23．(be)at
ore’s
mercy的用法
·听任摆布，和(be)at
the
mercy
of
sb同义
例：Primitive
man
was
at
the
mercy
of
his
environment
原始人受其所处环境的支配。
mercy为常用词，和它有关的其他词组为：
have
mercy
on
sb和show
mercy
to
sb都为“对某人表示同情(或怜悯)”之意思。
例：He
showed
mercy
to
his
enemies
and
let
them
live，
他对敌人表示宽大，饶了他们的性命。
24．catch
sb．off
his
guard
攻其不备，趁其不意
例：The
police，catching
the
criminal
off
his
guard,
arrested
him
as
he
was
drinking
in
a
public
house.
罪犯在酒店里喝酒．警察趁其不备把他逮住了。
高考核心词汇精选背诵（F字母）
facility
fetch
fade
float
faint
fortune
fabulous
fake
fascinate
foundation
fantastic
fling
feasible
frequent
flavour
flatter
feature
frustrate
furnish
forum
fierce
fulfil
feedback
faculty
figure
function
feast
flourish
financial
fund
fatal
fragile
flexible
fundamental
fancy
famine
forbid
furthermore
flee
fatigue
单句填空
1.
To
avoid
knee
pain,
you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces
to
________(strength)your
leg
muscles,
avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
Running
is
cheap,
easy
and
it's
always
________(energy).
2.
This
switch
has
decreased
________(pollute)
in
the
country's
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total
_______
(globe)fertilizer
consumption.
3.
My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
________(science)who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
4.The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be________(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
5.
Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius,
who
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B.
C.
,
influenced
the
______
(develop)
of
chopsticks．
6.
The
central
London
Railway
was
one
of
the
most
_
(success)
of
these
new
lines，and
was
opened
in
1900．
7.
But
Sarah,
who
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models
wants
to
prove
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty
she
is
determined
to
carry
on
with
her
_______
(educate)．
8.
But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
________
(attract)．[]
9.
The
title
will
be
________
(official)
given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London．
10.
Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you’ll
feel
a
real
sense
of
_______(achieve).
11.
Recent
studies
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
_____
(regular).
12.
Food
in
small
pieces
could
be
eaten
easily
with
twigs
which
_______
(gradual)
turned
into
chopsticks．
【答案】1.strengthen；energetic
?2.pollution；global
?3.scientist
?4.affordable
5.development
6.successful
7.education
?8.attraction
?9.officially
10.achievement
11.regularly
12.gradually
句子翻译（合成法、转化法）
1.
他们计划带我们到他们的故乡观光。
【答案】they
plan
to
take
us
sightseeing
in
their
hometown.
【解析】sightseeing为合成名词。
2.
我们都在笑那个心不在焉的教授。
【答案】We
were
laughing
about
that
absent-minded
professor.
【解析】absent-minded为合成形容词。
3.
当老鼠面对各种食物可以自主选择时，它们也会忍不住吃得过多。
【答案】When
mice
are
faced
with
many
different
foods
to
choose
from,
they
too
cannot
help
but
overeat.
【解析】overeat为合成动词。
4.
我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
【答案】We
stopped
there
for
a
swim.
【解析】swim为动词转化为名词。
5.
美国大约有三千一百万黑人。
【答案】There
are
about
thirty-one
million
blacks
in
the
U.S.
【解析】blacks为形容词转化为名词。
高考核心词汇检测
is
important
in
sport,
but
of
at
least
equal
importance
are
skills.
A.Fair
B.
Fake
C.
Fitness
D.Flavour
On
New
Year's
Eve,
New
York
City
holds
an
outdoor
_________
which
attracts
a
crowd
of
people.
A.
affair
B.
facility
C.
fiction
D.
event
20.With
your
help,
I
believe
I
will
be
able
to
__________this
difficult
mathematics
problem.
A.
figure
out
B.
end
up
with
C.
be
fed
up
with
D.
be
familiar
with
The
cause
of
the
accident
may
have
been
the
engine's
________to
operate.
A.
fault
B.
failure
C.
inconvenience
D.
disorder
A
driver
is
asked
to
keep
his
safety
belt
________
while
driving
on
the
freeway.
A.
fixed
B.
folded
C.
fastened
D.
furnished
Pop
music
is
loved
by
lots
of
people,
but
it
is
not
to
everyone’s
_____.
A.
smell
B.
favour
C.
sound
D.
taste
See
what
I
look
like
now!
Why
not
take
up
exercise
to
improve
your
________.
A.
fancy
B.
form
C.
shadow
D.
figure
Because
of
_______
competition,
prices
of
food
are
likely
to
drop.
A.
federal
B.
fierce
C.
fair
D.
fundamental
Green
products
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular
because
they
are
environmentally
_______.
A.
friendly
B.
fully
C.
financially
D.
fatally
In
2005,
tsunami
struck
Southeast
Asia,
and
it
is
quite
difficult
to
_________
the
losses.
A.
figure
out
B.
make
out
C.
fill
in
D.
fall
behind
Alfred
Nobel,
a
Swedish
chemist,
left
more
than
9
million
dollars
of
his
______
to
found
the
Nobel
Prizes.
A.
fortune
B.
value
C.
fund
D.
income
She
wanted
to
______
the
model
competition,
which
was
strongly
opposed
by
her
parents.
A.
engage
in
B.
enter
for
C.
focus
on
D.
fall
off
His
executive
position
and
qualifications
______
him
to
a
higher
salary.
A.
entitled
B.
elected
C.
fascinated
D.
forced
He
went
into
the
room
on
tiptoe
______
waking
up
the
sleeping
child.
A.
in
favour
of
B.
in
face
of
C.
for
fear
of
D.
in
the
form
of
15.
He
______
that
it
would
take
a
lot
of
time
to
do
this
job.
A.
foresaw
B.
fled
C.
fulfilled
D.
fetched
参考答案：
1~5
CDABC
6~10
DDBAA
11~15
ABACA
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Uh-oh,
the
new
year's
just
begun
and
already
you're
finding
it
hard
to
keep
those
resolutions
to
junk
the
junk
food,
get
off
the
couch
or
kick
smoking.
There's
a
biological
reason
why
a
lot
of
our
bad
habits
are
so
hard
to
break
–
they
get（
21）______(wire)
into
our
brains.
"Why
are
bad
habits
stronger?
You're
fighting
against
the
power
of
an
immediate
reward,"
says
Dr.
Nora
Volkow,
director
of
the
National
Institute
on
Drug
Abuse
and
an
authority
on
the
brain's
pleasure
pathway.
"We
all
as
creatures
are
behaving
that
way,
to
give
greater
value
to
an
immediate
reward
as
opposed
to
(22)______
is
delayed,"
Volkow
says.
How
this
bit
of
happiness
turns
into
a
habit
involves
a
pleasure-sensing
chemicalnamed
dopamine.
It
causes
the
brain
(23)______(pursue)
that
reward
again
and
again
strengthening
the
connection
each
time
–
especially
when
it
gets
the
right
hint
from
your
environment.
People
tend
to
overestimate
their
ability
to
resist
temptations
around
them,
thus
(24)
______(destroy)
attempts
to
give
up
bad
habits.
Even
scientists
who
recognize
it
(25)______
show
weakness.
"I
know
popcorns
are
not
healthy.
But
every
time
I
go
to
the
cinema,
I
have
to
eat
it,"
Volkow
says，
"It's
fascinating."
A
movement
to
pay
people
for
behavior
changes
may
exploit
that
connection,
as
some
companies
offer
employees
outright
payments
or
insurance
reduction
for
adopting
better
habits.
(26)______well
paying
for
behavior
plays
out,
researchers
say
there
are
still
some
steps
that
may
help
fight
your
brain's
hold
(27)______
newly-established
habits:
Repeat,
repeat,
repeat
the
new
behavior
–
the
same
routine
at
the
same
time
of
day.
You
decide
to
exercise.
Doing
it
at
the
same
time
of
the
morning,
rather
than
fitting
it
in
casually,
(28)______
(make)
the
striatum(终脑皮层)recognize
the
habit.Therefore,
if
you
don’t
keep
doing
it,
you
will
feel
frustrated.
Exercise
itself
raises
dopamine
levels,
so
eventually
your
brain
will
get
a
feel-good
hit
(29)______
______
your
muscles
protest.
Besides,
try
to
reward
yourself
with
(30)______
that
you
really
desire.
For
instance,
if
you
exercise
all
week
or
stick
to
your
diet,
you
could
try
a
fancy
restaurant-
safer
perhaps
than
a
box
of
cookies
because
the
price
inhibits
the
quantity.
21.
wired
22.
what
23.
to
pursue
24.
destroying
25.
can
26.
However
27.
on
28.
makes
29.
even
if/even
though
30.
something
Section
B
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
necessary
B.
infect
C.
extremes
D.
refreshed
E.
spellsF.
impact
G.
accompanied
H.
sufficient
I.
shrink
J.
silenced
K.
earned
As
the
increased
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere,
heat
stress,
longer
droughts(干旱),
and
more
intense
rainfalls
linked
to
global
warming
continue
to
upset
our
daily
weather,
we
often
forget
they
also
___31___
the
quantity,
quality,
and
growing
locations
of
our
food.
Many
foods
have
already
___32___
top
spots
on
the
world's
"endangered
foods"
list,
indicating
their
possibility
to
become
scarce
within
the
next
30
years.
To
start
with
what
is
___33___
in
many
people’s
lives,
we
are
disappointed
to
find
that
coffee
plantations
in
South
America,
Africa,
Asia,
and
Hawaii
are
all
being
threatened
by
rising
air
temperatures
and
erratic(不稳定的)
rainfall
patterns,
which
invite
disease
and
invasive
species
to
___34___
the
coffee
plant
and
beans.
The
result?Significant
cuts
in
coffee
output.
And
Coffee's
culinary
cousin,
cacao
(aka
chocolate),
is
also
suffering
stress
from
global
warming's
rising
temperatures.
But
for
chocolate,
it
isn't
the
warmer
climate
alone
that's
the
problem.
Cacao
trees
actually
prefer
warmer
climates
as
long
as
that
warmth
is
paired
with
high
humidity
and
___35___
rain.
However,
the
problem
is
that
the
higher
temperatures
projected
for
the
world's
leading
chocolate-producing
countries
are
not
expected
to
be___36___by
an
increase
in
rainfall.
Therefore
as
higher
temperatures
take
more
moisture
from
soil
and
plants,
it's
unlikely
that
rainfall
will
increase
enough
to
make
up
for
this
loss.
A
notably
nutritious
plant,
the
peanut
grows
best
when
it
gets
five
months
of
continuous
warm
weather
and
20
to
40
inches
of
rain.
Anything
less
and
plants
won't
survive.
That
isn't
good
news
when
most
climate
models
agree
that
the
climate
of
the
future
will
be
one
of
the
___37___,
including
droughts
and
heatwaves.
The
world
has
already
caught
a
glimpse
of
the
peanut's
future
fate
when
last
year
a
serious
drought
across
the
peanut-growing
Southeastern
U.S.
led
many
plants
to
die.
According
to
a
financial
report,
the
dry
___38___
caused
peanut
prices
to
rise
by
as
much
as
40
percent!
Finally,
in
the
world
of
sea,
as
air
temperatures
rise,
oceans
and
waterways
absorb
some
of
the
heat
and
undergo
warming
of
their
own.
The
result
is
the
___39___in
fish
population.
Warmer
waters
also
encourage
vicious
marine
bacteria,
like
Vibrio,
to
grow
and
cause
illness
in
humans.
And
that
satisfying
"crack"
you
get
when
eating
crab(蟹)
could
be
___40___
as
shellfish
struggle
to
build
their
calcium
carbonate
(碳酸钙)
shells,
a
result
of
ocean
acidification.
31-35
FKABH
36-40
GCEIJ
Section
C
Reading
Americans
are
suffering
from
an
acute
case
of
“outdoor
deprivation
disorder,”
and
the
effects
on
physical
and
mental
health
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?news?/?health?/?diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics?/?mentalhealthanddisorders?/?index.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
are
rising
fast.
Children
aged
8
to
18
today
spend
more
time
than
ever
using
electronic
media
indoors
—
seven
and
a
half
hours
a
day,
according
to
the
Kaiser
Family
Foundation
(?http:?/??/?www.kff.org?/?entmedia?/?upload?/?8010.pdf?)
—
and
less
time
in
outdoor
unstructured
activity.
In
response
to
the
No
Child
Left
Behind
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?subjects?/?n?/?no_child_left_behind_act?/?index.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
law,
30
percent
of
kindergarten
classrooms
have
eliminated
recess
to
make
more
room
for
academics.
The
resulting
lack
of
physical
activity
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?specialtopic?/?physical-activity?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
a
growing
disconnect
with
the
natural
environment
have
been
linked
in
a
host
of
studies
to
obesity
and
obesity-related
diseases
in
children
(?http:?/??/?www.cppah.com?/?article?/?PIIS1538544210000441?/?abstract?)
and
adults,
including
Type
2
diabetes
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?type-2-diabetes?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
high
blood
pressure
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?hypertension?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
heart
disease,
asthma
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?asthma?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?liver-disease?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
as
well
as
vitamin
D
deficiency
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?rickets?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
osteoporosis
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?osteoporosis?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),
stress,
depression,
attention
deficit
disorder
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
myopia
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?nearsightedness?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?).
Dr.
Daphne
Miller,
a
family
physician
affiliated
with
the
University
of
California,
San
Francisco
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?topics?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?organizations?/?u?/?university_of_california?/?index.html?inline=nyt-org?),
calls
them
“diseases
of
indoor
living.”
There’s
a
simple
remedy
—
get
outside
and
start
moving
around
in
green
spaces
near
and
far,
most
of
which
are
free.
A
group
of
physicians,
health
insurers,
naturalists
and
government
agencies
have
banded
together
to
help
more
people
of
all
ages
and
economic
strata
engage
in
health-enhancing
physical
activity
in
parks
and
other
natural
environments.
This
grass-roots
movement
has
already
reached
the
White
House.
This
year
President
Obama
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?people?/?o?/?barack_obama?/?index.html?inline=nyt-per?)
started
the
America’s
Great
Outdoors
Initiative
(?http:?/??/?www.doi.gov?/?americasgreatoutdoors?/?index.cfm?),
proclaiming
June
“Great
Outdoors
Month.”
The
initiative
aims
not
just
to
counter
sedentary
lifestyles
but
also
to
reacquaint
Americans
with
the
farms,
ranches,
rivers,
forests,
national
and
local
parks,
fishing
holes
and
beaches
that
provide
opportunities
for
people
“to
stay
active
and
healthy.”
The
goals
dovetail
with
Michelle
Obama
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?people?/?o?/?michelle_obama?/?index.html?inline=nyt-per?)’s
battle
against
childhood
obesity
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?symptoms?/?morbid-obesity?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
her
initiative
Let’s
Move
Outside,
a
program
that’s
part
of
her
Let’s
Move
(?http:?/??/?www.letsmove.gov?/??)
campaign.
Dr.
Miller
said
that
the
aim
was
to
“turn
our
public
lands
into
public
health
resources.
Doctors
around
the
country
are
beginning
to
realize
that
getting
patients
out
of
doors
has
benefits
even
beyond
getting
people
to
exercise.
“It’s
a
lot
cheaper
to
go
outside
and
move
than
it
is
to
build
gyms
and
a
lot
of
hospitals
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?news?/?health?/?diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics?/?hospitals?/?index.html?inline=nyt-classifier?),”
she
said.
73.What's
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
A.
Outdoor
deprivation
disorder
has
great
effect
on
children.
B.
Obesity-related
diseases
are
quite
common
in
America.
C.
Call
on
people
to
head
out
for
a
daily
dose
of
green
space.
D.
President
Obama
are
fond
of
natural
environment
and
health-enhancing
physical
activity.
74.The
phrase"
obesity-related
diseases"
in
the
second
paragraph
include
all
the
following
A.
Type
2
diabetes
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?type-2-diabetes?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
high
blood
pressure
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?hypertension?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
B.
asthma
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?asthma?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?liver-disease?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
C..
attention
deficit
disorder
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
and
myopia
(?http:?/??/?health.nytimes.com?/?health?/?guides?/?disease?/?nearsightedness?/?overview.html?inline=nyt-classifier?)
75.According
to
the
last
three
paragraphs,____________.
A.
Physicians,
health
insurers
and
naturalists
have
united
to
help
people
engage
in
physical
activity,
but
government
agencies
disagree
with
them.
B
President
Obama
(?http:?/??/?topics.nytimes.com?/?top?/?reference?/?timestopics?/?people?/?o?/?barack_obama?/?index.html?inline=nyt-per?)
started
the
America’s
Great
Outdoors
Initiative
(?http:?/??/?www.doi.gov?/?americasgreatoutdoors?/?index.cfm?),
proclaiming
"Let’s
Move
Outside".
C.
June
“Great
Outdoors
Month”
simply
aims
to
counter
sedentary
lifestyles.
D.
The
aim
of
Let’s
Move
(?http:?/??/?www.letsmove.gov?/??)
campaign
was
to
make
the
best
use
of
our
public
lands
for
the
sake
of
public
health.
76.What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
Children
aged
8
to
18
today
spend
no
more
than
seven
hours
a
day
using
electronic
media
indoors.
B.
Get
outside
and
start
moving
around
in
green
spaces
is
the
best
way
to
cure
"diseases
of
indoor
living".
C.
Getting
patients
out
of
doors
benefits
patients
more
than
getting
people
to
exercise.
D.
It
is
no
longer
necessary
to
build
gyms
and
hospitals
in
America.
73~76:
C
B
D
C
Section
D
Translation
1.
在这么短的时间内看完一篇5000字的报告是几乎不可能的。（cover）
2.
他没有意识到自己的缺点直到老师提醒他。(conscious;
remind)
3.
当你祝贺一个外国人获得成功时，你必须考虑到文化差异。（account
n.）
4.虽然他很快恢复了健康，医生还是建议他不要熬夜太晚。（despite）
5很多年后他才明白，每个人，无论强弱贫富，只要他对社会做出了贡献，就应该得到尊重。(before)
参考答案：
1.
It
is
almost
imp
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ossible
to
cover
a
5000-word
report
in
such
a
short
time.
2.
He
was
not
conscious
of
his
fault
until
the
teacher
reminded
him
of
it.
3.
When
you
want
to
congratulate
a
foreigner
on
his
success,
you
must
take
the
cultural
difference
into
account.
4.
Despite
hi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
rapid
recovery
from
illness,
the
doctor
still
suggested
that
he
shouldn’t
stay
up
too
late.
5.
It
was
many
years
before
he
realized
that
everyone,
strong
or
weak,
rich
or
poor,
should
be
respected
as
long
as
he
had
made
contribution(s)
to
the
society.
Unit3复习
+
构词法
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