中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动名词用法
（一）形式
动名词，顾名思义，具有双重作用：它既有动词的作用（后面可加自己的宾语），又有名词的作用（可以做句子的主语、宾语等）。
时态
语态
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
1.一般式
Working
in
these
conditions
is
not
a
pleasure
but
a
suffer.
2.
完成式
如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,
通常用动名的完成形式.
He
didn’t
mention
having
met
me.
I
regret
not
having
taken
her
advice.
在某些动词后(或成语中),
常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式,
尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.
Excuse
me
for
coming
late.
I
don’t
remember
ever
seeing
him
anywhere.
3.被动式
当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时,
动名词一般要用被动形式.
His
being
neglected
by
the
host
added
to
his
uneasiness.
He
couldn’t
bear
being
made
fun
of
like
that.
但要注意,
在want,
need,
deserve,
require
等动词后,
尽管表示的是被动的意思,
却用动名词的主动形式.
The
point
deserves
mentioning.
This
problem
requires
studying
with
great
care.
在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.
Her
method
is
worth
trying.
4.
完成被动式
如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生,
有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.
I
don’t
remember
having
ever
been
given
a
chance
to
try
this
method.
但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式,
而用一般被动形式代替,
以免句子显得累赘.
5.动名词的否定形式
动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词
【例】She
apologized
for
____
the
party.
A.
not
her
being
able
to
attend????B.
her
not
being
able
to
attend
C.
her
being
able
not
to
attend????D.
her
being
not
able
to
attend
not
+
doing的动名词否定形式，her为该动名词的逻辑主语。因此，正确答案选B。
（二）句法功能
1.作主语:
Working
in
these
conditions
is
not
a
pleasure
but
a
suffer.
动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语
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"_blank?)，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：It
is
no
use/no
good
crying
over
spilt
milk.
洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It
was
hard
getting
on
the
crowded
street
car.
上这种拥挤的车真难。
It
is
fun
playing
with
children.
和孩子们一起玩真好。
There
is
no
joking
about
such
matters.
对这种事情不是开玩笑。
2.作宾语
（1）及物动词的宾语
You
mustn’t
delay
sending
the
tractors
over.
（2）介词的宾语
凡是动词+介词、名词+介词或形容词+介词形成的词组，都要求接动名词做宾语，因为所有介词后的动词都要使用动名词形式。
【例】He
gives
people
the
impressionof
having
spend
all
his
life
abroad.
全句的意思是“他给人的印象是他的一生都在国外度过”。这是名词＋介词＋动名词（短语）的形式。
3.作表语:
The
real
problem
is
getting
to
know
the
needs
of
the
people.
（三）动名词的复合结构（重要考点）
前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构:
一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构),
来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语
Their
coming
to
help
was
a
great
encouragement
to
us.
Do
you
mind
my
reading
your
paper?
They
insisted
on
my
staying
there
for
supper.
如果不是在句子开头,
这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格),
这比用所有格更自然一些.
I
don’t
mind
him
going.
She
hates
people
losing
their
temper.
【例1】The
girl's
being
educated
in
an
atmosphere
of
simple
living
was
what
her
parents
wished
for.
全句意思是：让孩子在简朴的生活环境中接受教育中她父母所希望的。
【例2】Although
punctual
himself,
the
professor
was
quite
used
to
student's
being
late
for
his
lecture.
句意：尽管教授很准时，但他对学生迟到已经习惯了。当这一结构不处于句首时，逻辑主语用名词的普通格式或代词宾语更自然些。
（四）只能接动名词的动词、词组、习惯搭配、句型
1.后接动名词的动词
有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而不能接不定式。这是考试中常见的考点。请大家务必多练多用多读多说，尽量培养语感，这比单纯死记硬背这些枯燥的词汇要容易得多。
这些动词是：acknowledge,
advice,
admit,
anticipate,
appreciate,
avoid,
allow,
bear,
can't
help,
cease,
commence,
complete,
confess,
delay,
deny,
discourage,
detest,
dread,
endure,
enjoy,
envy,
escape,
excuse,
fancy,
favor,
figure,
finish,
imagine,
involve,
justify,
keep,
mind,
miss,
permit,
postpone,
practice,
quit,
recall,
repent,
require,
resent,
resume,
risk,
save等等。
【例1】Mark
often
attempts
to
escape
being
fined
whenever
he
breaks
traffic
regulations.
动词escape后接动名词，fine“罚款”是及物动词、要用被动语态；而且，句子讲的是经常性动作，应当用一般时态。
【例2】People
appreciate
working
with
him
because
he
has
a
good
sense
of
humor.
全句的意思是：因为他很有幽默感，所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。根据句意，动名词动作与句子谓语动作并无时间上的先后，必须用动名词一般时态。
2.后接动名词的词组
（1）动名词作介词宾语常用在某些含有介词的词组后面,
常见的有:
insist
on,
persist
in,
think
of,
dream
of,
suspect…of,
accuse…of,
charge…with,
hear
of,
approve
of,
prevent…from,
keep…from,
stop…from,
refrain
from,
be
engaged
in,
depend
on,
thank…for,
feel
like,
excuse…for,
aim
at,
set
about等.
（2）特别注意：某些充当介词的to的动词词组、名词词组、形容词词组等后接动名词
approach
to（方法），admit
to（承认），
contribute
to（起作用），confess
to（承认），resort
to（求助于），reconcile
to（顺从于），revert
to（重新开始），submit
to（忍受），swear
to（断言），take
to
（开始从事），be
used
to（习惯于），look
forward
to（盼望），oppose
to
（反对），see
to(负责，注意)，devote…to(把···献给，投入于)等中的to都是介词而不是不定式符号。
【例1】The
match
was
cancelled
because
most
of
the
members
objected
to
having
a
match
without
a
standard
court.
object在这里是不及物动词，后面的to是介词，在接名词或动名词做宾语。
【例2】The
traditional
approach
to
dealing
with
complex
problem
is
to
break
them
down
into
smaller,
more
easily
managed
problems.
approach后面的to是介词，句意：解决复杂问题的传统方法是把他们分解为更小的、更容易处理的问题。
3.习惯搭配
be
busy
doing
sth.,
be
no
good
doing
sth.,
spend
some
time/money
doing
sth.,
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.,
have
a
hard
time
(in)
doing
sth.,
have
trouble
/
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth，can’t
help,
can’t
stand,
give
up,
feel
like,
put
off都是惯用搭配，其后动名词不能换成to不定式。
【例】Jean
did
not
have
time
to
go
to
the
concert
last
night
because
she
was
busy
being
prepared
for
her
examination.
4.
句型
1）满足句型“it
is
+名词或形容词+动名词”和句型“动词+
it
+形容词或名词+动名词”的形容词和名词有：good,
no
good,
nuisance,
no
use,
senseless,
use,
useless,
waste,
worthwhile。
例：Do
you
think
it
worthwhile
investing
a
large
sum
of
money
in
this
project?（你认为向该项目大量投资值得吗？）
2)
It
is
+
no
use,
no
good
(fun,
a
great
pleasure,
a
waste
of
time,
a
bore...)等名词+doing
sth.?
It
is
no
use
crying.哭没有用。
It
is
a
great
fun
playing
football．打篮球很有趣。?
3)
It
is
+
useless
(nice,
good，interesting,
expensive等形容词)+
doing
sth．?
It
is
nice
seeing
you
again．真高兴又遇到了你。?
It
is
good
playing
chess
after
supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。?
It
is
expensive
running
this
car．开这种小车是浪费。
（五）既可用动名词,
也可用不定式作宾语的动词
1.
有时两种结构之间意义差别不大,
有时却有不同的意思。
try
to
do努力、企图做某事
try
doing试验、试一试某种办法
mean
to
do打算，有意要…
mean
doing意味着
go
on
to
do
继而（去做另外一件事情）
go
on
doing
继续（原先没有做完的事情）
propose
to
do
打算（要做某事）
proposing
doing建议（做某事）
【例】If
I
had
remembered
to
close
the
window,
the
thief
would
not
have
got
in.
本句的意思是："我要是记得把窗子关起来的话，小偷就进不来了。"remember后接动名词表示记得过去曾做过某事，接不定式则表示记得要做某事。本句说的是："记得把窗子关起来"。注意remember后面不能用动词不定式的完成式。
2．dislike,
hate,
like,
love,
prefer
这些词加动名词时，表示喜欢或讨厌一般性、习惯性或发生过的某事、某物；加不定式时，表示喜欢或讨厌的、偶然一次的、打算做的某事、某物。prefer的用法稍微复杂一点，它后面加不定式还是加动名词通常是由它的固定结构或习惯用法决定的。常见的结构是：would
prefer
+
to
do（更想做某事）;
prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B（比起做B来说，更喜欢做A。注意：这里的比较使用的不是than，而是to）。
【例】Mr.
Johnson
preferred
to
be
given
heavier
work
to
do.
全句意思应是：“约翰逊先生宁可有（被给予）更重的活干”。可见，答案是A)
to
be
given。
deserve,
need,
require,
want
这几个词的共同特点是：它们后面既可加不定式，也可加动名词，意义相同。但是，表示被动时，
动名词依然使用主动形式，不定式则变成被动形式。
【例】Your
hair
wants
cutting.
You'd
better
have
it
done
tomorrow.
句中的want等于need，是一种口语习惯用法，后面接动名词主动形式表被动。
Unit
2重点单词词组复习
1.
global
adj.
of
or
concerning
the
whole
earth
全球的
例：global
war世界战争
global
travel
环球旅行
【拓展】词性转换
adv．globally全球性地
n．globe球，球状物，地球仪
2.
consume
v．to
eat
or
drink，to
use
up吃，喝，消耗
例：
他吃光了所有剩下的苹果。
The
project
consumed
most
of
my
time
and
energy．
这项计划耗尽了我大部分的时间和精力。
【拓展】词性转换
n．consumption消耗，使用，消耗量
n．consumer消费者，用户
相关词组
a
time—consuming
job一项费时的工作
a
consumer
advice
and
protection
center消费者咨询和保护中心
protect
the
rights
of
consumers保护消费者的权益
3.
establish
v．to
set
up，to
found建立
例：He
established
a
new
business．
他开始了新的事业。
The
company
where
his
father
works
was
established
in
1970．
The
book
established
him
in
the
field
of
literature．
【拓展】相关词组
establish
oneself
as确立自己的地位，使立足，使被接受
establish
one’s
reputation／fame
as确立作为……的声望或名誉
词性转换
n．establishment
建立
4.population
n．the
total
number
of
inhabitants
in
a
specified
area
人口
例：What
is
the
population
of
the
country?
这个国家有多少人口?
【拓展】相关词组
a
large／small
population人口众多／稀少
population
explosion
人口爆炸
词性转换
V．populate
使人民居住
5.
practise
v．to
keep
doing
it
regularly
in
order
to
be
able
to
doit
better练习
例：He
is
practising
the
piano
now．
他正在练习钢琴。
·v．实行
例：Acupuncture
was
practised
in
China
as
long
ago
as
the
third
millennium
BC．
·v．to
practise
medicine，work
as
a
doctor行医，开业做医生
例：“l
shall
never
practise
medicine
again，”he
reflected．
【拓展】词性转换
n．practice
实行
例：Practice
makes
perfect．
熟能生巧。
dj．practical实际的
6.
serving
n．an
amount
0f
food
for
one
person
(供一人饮食用的)一份，一客
例：The
waitress
said，“We
only
give
one
serving
of
butter
with
each
roll／for
one
roll．”侍者说：“我们每个面包卷只给一份黄油。”
【拓展】词性转换
V．serve提供，准备食物，端出，盛食物，伺候某人吃饭
n．service服务
7.
interfere
v．to
get
in
the
way
of
another妨碍，干涉，干扰
例：He
will
come
Saturday
if
nothing
interferes．
【拓展】相关词组
interfere
with
(1)干预，干扰，阻挠
例：No
one
wants
to
interfere
with
you．
(2)妨碍，影响
例：Don’t
interfere
with
him．He
is
preparing
for
the
final
exams．
他在准备期末考试，不要影响他。
interfere
in干涉，干预
例：They
have
no
right
to
interfere
in
the
internal
affairs
of
other
countries．
他们无权干涉别国内政。
词性转换
n．interference
干涉
8.
absorption
n．taking
in，complete
attention吸收，全神贯注，专注
例：the
complete
absorption
of
light
rays光线的完全吸收
absorption
in
one’s
work专心于工作
【拓展】词性转换
v．absorb吸收，使全神贯注，占用时间
相关词组
absorb
one’S
attention
吸引某人的注意力
be
absorbed
in专注于，聚精会神(干某事)
be
absorbed
into
被……并入
9．at
a
loss
不知所措
例：1
was
at
a
loss
for
what
to
do
next．
我对下一步该做什么茫然不知。
The
government
is
at
a
loss
to
know
how
to
tackle
the
violence．
该政府不知如何解决暴力。
10．deprive
v．剥夺，拿走，夺去(和of连用)
例：No
one
can
deprive
you
of
the
right
to
enjoy
free-dom
of
speech．
·v．使失掉(和of连用)
例：They
were
deprived
of
a
normal
childhood
by
the
war．
由于战争，他们失去了正常的童年。
【拓展】词性转换
n．deprivation
剥夺
11．tend
to易于，往往会(常用固定搭配tend
to
do)
例：They
tend
to
buy
cheap
processed
foods
like
canned
chicken
and
macaroni．
他们常常买便宜的加工过的食物，像罐头鸡和通心粉。
照顾，照料，注意(tend
to
sb．／sth．)
例：Excuse
me，l
have
to
tend
to
the
other
guests
【拓展】词性转换
n．tendency趋势
12．in
favour
of
赞同
例：Those
who
are
in
favour
of
the
project
raise
your
hands，please．
赞成这项计划的人请举起手。
【拓展】
相关词组
do
sb．a
favour
帮某人一个忙
do
a
favour
for
sb．／do
sb．the
favour
to
do
sth．帮某人一个忙
例：Will
you
do
me
the
favour
to
solve
the
problem?
be
in／out
of
favour
with
受宠／失宠
in
one’s
favour对某人有利
词性转换
v．favour
对……表示好感，支持，赞同，偏爱，对……有利
例：Which
side
do
you
favour?
adj．favourable(1)善意的，赞同的
例：We
are
favourable
to
the
proposal．
我们赞同这项提议。
(2)有利的，适合的
例：The
weather
seemed
favourable
for
the
race．
这天气似乎适合赛跑。
unfavourable
不利的
13．originate
vi.
起源，开始
originate
in起源于
例：It
is
said
that
rock
music
originated
in
England．
originate
from起源于，来自
例：This
TV
series
originated
from
a
true
story．
这部电视连续剧源于一个真实的故事。
·vt．创造
例：originate
a
style
of
dancing
创造一种舞蹈形式
【拓展】词性转换
adj．original
(1)原来的
例：I
must
change
the
original
plan
for
lack
of
money．
因为缺钱我必须改变我原来的计划。
the
original
story／edition原作／原版
(2)有创造性的
例：an
original
opinion
有创造性的观点
n．origin起源
例：the
origin
of
the
human
species人类物种起源
14．describe
v．to
say
what
something
is
like
描述
【拓展】相关词组
describe
as说某人……，认为某人……
例：He
described
himself
as
a
hard
worker，but
he
is
always
the
last
one
to
finish
the
job．
他说自己是一个勤劳的工人，但他总是最后一个完成任务。
describe
sth．to
sb．
把……向某人描述
例：Can
you
describe
the
traffic
accident
to
the
police?
词性转换
n．description描绘，描述
例：Please
give
me
a
brief
description
of
the
accident
The
lady
was
beautiful
beyond
description．
这位女士的美难以形容。
15．compare
v．比较，对照
例：When
I
have
compared
the
two
versions，I
may
write
to
you
again．
【拓展】相关词组
compare
A
to
B把……比作……
例：Scientists
sometimes
compare
the
human
brain
to
a
computer．
compare
A
with
B把……与……相比较
例：If
you
compare
Tom’s
handwriting
with
yours，you
will
find
his
is
much
better．
compared
to／with和……比起来
Compared
with
Tom’s，his
handwriting
is
much
better
词性转换
Adj.
comparative比较的
adv．comparatively相对地
n.
comparison
比较
comparison的相关词组
beyond
comparison无可比拟的
by
comparison比较起来
in
comparison
with和……比起来
there
is
no
comparison没法相比
16．claim
v
to
declare
to
be
true声称，断言
(1)跟不定式
例：He
claimed
to
have
al
ready
found
a
peculiar
fish
in
the
lake．
’
He
claimed
not
to
have
done
it．but
l
don’t
believe
him.
(2)跟从句
例：They
claimed
that
their
discovery
proved
priceless.
(3)可用it做形式主语
It
is
claimed
that．．
据宣称
例：it
is
claimed
that
this
discovery
will
revolutionize
surgery
·v．认领，声称有……的权利
例：He
claimed
the
coat
that
the
teacher
found.
【拓展】相关词组
claim
back要求收回
词性转换
n．claim声称，说法，要求，认领．提出要求的权利
例：make
a
claim
for
damages要求赔偿损失
17.
be／become
aware
of
意识到，知道
例：He
was
not
aware
of
the
fire
when
it
broke
out
【拓展】be
aware
that／become
aware
that
知道……，意识到……
例：Are
you
aware
that
you
have
made
a
terrible
mistake?
18．honour
·n荣誉，光荣
例：They
fight
for
the
honour
of
their
country.
·n尊敬
例：One
must
show
honour
to
one’s
parents.
·n．荣幸
例：It
is
an
honour
to
meet
you
·n．标志荣誉的东西(如奖品．勋章．绶带)
例：He
refused
all
rewards
and
honours.
·n．pl.
学生的优等成绩
例：Toscanini
entered
a
music
school
at
9
and
graduated
in
1885
with
the
highest
honours
in
cello(大提琴)
and
composition
【拓展】相关词组
have
the
honour
of有幸，荣幸地
in
honour
of为了(纪念或表示敬意而举行活动)
a
time-honoured
tradition
一个由来已久的传统
词性转换
v.
honour
尊敬
例：I
feel
greatly／highly
honoured
by
your
trust.
adj.
honorable可敬的／光明正大的
19．follow
·v．to
obey
or
act
as
ordered
by遵循，依照……行事
例：follow
the
instructions／directions
on
the
bottle
按照瓶子上的指令行事
【拓展】
相关词组
follow
one’s
advice
听从某人的建议
follow
the
orders听从命令
ollow
the
example
of学习……的榜样，效法
follow
suit照着干
follow
the
lead照样行事，追随着干
as
follows如下
词性转换
adj．following
(1)下面的
例：Please
translate
the
following
sentences
into
English.
(2)第二，下一个=next
例：the
following
morning
20．socialize
vi
交际
、参与社交
Maybe
you
should
socialize
more.也许你应该多和人交往。
I
enjoy
socializing
with
the
other
students.我喜欢和其他同学来玩。
词性转换
social
adj.
社会的
society
n.
社会
in
society
在社会上
sociable
adj.
好交际的
21．available
adj.
在手边的，现成可使用的，可利用的
Do
you
have
a
room
available
?
You
will
be
informed
when
the
book
becomes
available.
·adj．有效的，通用的
例：This
ticket
is
available
until
the
end
of
the
month．
·adj.
可获得的
例：We
took
the
first
available
plane．
be
(un)available
to
sb.
对某人来说可以获得的
No
useful
data
are
available
to
scientists.科学家没有有用的数据
【拓展】词性转换
adj.
unavailable不能利用的
22．date
back
to
=date
from
追溯到...
始于...
The
history
of
the
family
can
date
back
to
17th
century.这个家属的历史可以追溯到17世纪。
The
church
dates
from
/
back
to
the
13th
century.这座教堂的历史可以追溯至13世纪。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（C字母）
calculate
calendar
candidate
clarify
ceremony
conservation
certificate
chapter
combine
conquer
casual
classify
commercial
companion
conduct
conflict
convey
content
crash
crew
confirm
confess
catalog(ue)
critical
canteen
campaign
curriculum
cruise
claim
cease
costume
coincidence
collapse
compliment
compulsory
category
contemporary
cargo
capacity
cultivate
单句语法填空（注意动名词用法）
1.
_____
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
(walk)
2.
I
can't
understand
your
_______
at
that
poor
child.
(laugh)
3.
With
the
boy
leading
the
way,
we
had
no
difficulty
______
his
house.
(find)
4.
To
make
a
living,
he
tried
writing,
_______,
and
various
other
things,
but
he
had
failed
in
all.
(
paint)
5.
She
prided
herself
on
_______to
work
in
Beijing.
(send)
6.
She
was
praised
for
_______
the
life
of
the
child.
(save)
7.
She
ought
to
be
praised
instead
of
_______.
(criticize).
8.
Is
there
any
possibility
of
our
_______
the
championship?
(win)
9.
He
came
to
the
party
without
_______.
(invite)
10.
There
is
no
____
what
will
happen
in
the
future.
(know)
11.
I’ll
never
forget
____
the
musical
comedy
in
New
York.
(see)
12.I
remember
____
to
Beijing
when
I
was
a
child.
(take)
13.
He
paused
and
went
on
_____
the
text
to
us.
(explain)
14.On
_____
the
news,
she
couldn’t
help
crying.
(hear)
15.
While
shopping,
people
sometimes
can’t
help
_____
into
buying
something
they
don’t
really
need.
(persuade)
高考核心词汇练习
1.
In
order
to
guarantee
the
people’s
health
and
reduce
smoking,
the
government
is
starting
an
anti-smoking
advertising
__________.
A.
campaign
B.
capsule
C.capture
D.
cartoon
2.
You
mustn’t
carry
too
much
________
on
you
to
the
crowded
public
places.
You
can
use
your
bankcard
for
buying
things.
A.
cheque
B.
charge
C.costume
D.
cash
3.
Your
fluency
in
the
English
language
gives
you
an
advantage
over
the
other
____
for
the
job.
A.
captain
B.
carpenter
C.
carrier
D.
candidates
4.
You
can
look
for
the
book
in
the
library
_________.
A.
conservation
B.
cancer
C.
channel
D.
catalogue
5.
The
recent
research
shows
heavy
coffee
drinking
and
heart
attack
are
not
necessarily
___
and
effect．
A．cell
B．case
C．capacity
D．cause
6.
Nowadays
people
have
to
pass
various
tests
for
professional
________
so
that
they
can
be
qualified
for
a
well-paying
job.
A.
cruisse
B.
cassettes
C.
certificates
D.
categories
7.
Anyone
who
wants
to
be
successful
mustn’t
give
up
in
any
___________,
and
should
always
be
full
of
confidence.
A.
contribution
B.
circumstances
C.
competition
D.
challenges
8.
It
can’t
be
a(n)
__________that
four
jewelry
stores
were
robbed
in
one
night.
A.
coincidence
B.
accident
C.
incident
D.
chance
9.
He
finished
a
difficult
task
on
his
own
shortly
after
he
entered
the
company,
so
his
________
looked
at
him
with
new
eyes.
A.
clerks
B.
civilians
C.
citizens
D.
colleagues
10.
John
was
dismissed
last
week
because
of
his
__________
attitude
towards
his
job.
A.
competitive
B.
casual
C.
classical
D.
comprehensive
11.
I
think
it's
high
time
you
made
up
your
mind
to
choose
a(n)
________.
A.
ambition
B.caution
C.crisis
D.
career
12.
Jack
has
been
admitted
to
Harvard
University.
His
family
will
have
a
_______
tonight.
A.
anniversary
B.
celebration
C.
ceremony
D.
congratulation
13.
Through
which
______
did
you
get
the
information?
A.
canal
B.
channel
C.
condition
D.
circumstance
14.
The
twins
look
alike
but
they
are
different
in
_________.
A.
characteristic
B.
appearance
C.
character
D.
nature
15.
Math
is
a
_______
subject
for
both
arts
and
science
students.
A.
compulsory
B.
contemporary
C.
concrete
D.
considerate
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
When
it
comes
to
innovative
countries,
we
always
think
of
places
like
the
US,
the
UK
and
Germany.
However,
Israel
is
also
a
global
leader
(21)
______
innovation.
According
to
the
World
Economic
Forum's
Global
Competitiveness
Report
2016-2017,
Israel
is
the
second
(22)
______
(innovative)
nation
in
the
world,
just
after
Switzerland.
Many
of
us
(23)
______
not
be
aware,
but
technologies
developed
in
Israel
have
changed
our
lives.
For
example,
antivirus
software
(24)
______
protects
our
computers
was
first
developed
in
Israel
in
the
1970s,
according
to
The
Telegraph.
In
addition,
features
on
our
mobile
phones
such
as
voicemail
and
SMS
were
also
developed
in
Israel.
So
it
comes
as
no
surprise
that
Israel
plans
to
use
its
innovative
strength
(25)
______
(power)
the
cooperation
with
China
in
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
(26)
______
______
______
Israel
is
needed,
it
will
spare
no
effort
to
contribute
to
the
project,
said
Israeli
Prime
Minister
Benjamin
Netanyahu
during
his
visit
to
China
in
March,
according
to
Xinhua
News
Agency.
Many
Israeli
environmental
technology
companies
have
already
set
up
facilities
in
Shandong
province,
(27)
______
(bring)
Israeli
techniques
to
many
areas
such
as
recycling
water
for
agricultural
use,
reported
the
Times
of
Israel.
(28)
______
(found)
on
very
dry
land,
Israel
had
been
worried
about
water
for
a
very
long
time.
However,
in
recent
years,
the
quality
and
quantity
of
water
in
Israel
(29)
______
(improve),
with
the
help
of
techniques
that
turn
Mediterranean
seawater
and
wastewater
into
usable
water.
In
fact,
such
innovations
have
led
to
more
and
more
Chinese
students
(30)
______
(seek)
quality
higher
education
in
Israle.
“When
Chinese
students
who
study
here
go
back
home,
they
will
be
in
positions
to
influence
China-Israel
relationships
in
the
future,”
Emma
Afterman,
manager
of
Israel-China
Academic
Relations
at
the
Council
for
Higher
Education,
told
the
Jerusalem
Post.
Section
B
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
dangerous
B.
measured
C.
continuous
D.
peaked
E.
explosion
F.
classified
G.
confusion
H.
religious
I.
effort
J.
launched
K.
attached
Parents
have
been
concerned
about
their
kids'
use
of
technology
since
the
dawn
of
technology
–
or
at
least
since
the
invention
of
the
transistor
radio
in
the
1950s.
Today,
technology
is
everywhere,
and?kids
are
growing
up
__31__
to
their
smartphones,
tablets
and
laptops
in
ways
that
'50s
moms
and
dads
could
never
have
dreamed
of.
Parental
concern
has
grown
along
with
this
tech
__32__.
But
now,
even
those
in
the
industry
are
wondering
if
technology
has
taken
a
truly
__33__
hold
on
all
of
us
–
and
especially
children.
No
less
than
Melinda
Gates,
wife
of
Microsoft
founder
Bill
Gates,?wrote
an
editorial
in
the
Washington
Post?last
summer
expressing
regret
for
the
Pandora's
Box
she
and
her
husband
helped
open.
"I
spent
my
career
in
technology.
I
wasn't
prepared
for
its
effect
on
my
kids,"
she
wrote.
"Phones
and
apps
aren't
good
or
bad
by
themselves,
but
for
adolescents
who
don't
yet
have
the
emotional
tools
to
deal
with
life's
complication
and
__34__,
they
can
add
to
the
difficulties
of
growing
up."
A
study,
which
came
out
this
year,
looked
at
yearly
surveys
of
8th,
10th
and
12th
graders
in
the
U.S.
between
1991-2016,
and
__35__
markers
of
psychological
well-being,
such
as
self-esteem,
life
satisfaction
and
happiness.
It
found
that
such
well-being
suddenly
decreased
after
2012
–
just
at
the
time
that
the
use
of
smartphone
and?social
media
__36__.
There
was
a
direct
correlation
between
the
amount
of
time
spent
on
electronics
and
unhappiness.
Happiness
was
highest
among
kids
who
participated
in
sports,
followed
by
in-person
socializing
and
__37__
services.
The
lowest?
Online
computer
games
–
the
abuse
of
which
has
recently
been
__38__
a?recognized
mental
health
disorder?by
the
World
Health
Organization
–
and
social
media.
Early
this
year,
big
players
formerly
of
tech
companies
such
as
Google
and
Facebook
created
the
Center
for
Humane
Technology
and,
in
partnership
with
the
nonprofit
organization
Common
Sense
Media,
__39__
a
full
media
and
advertising
attack
on
the
very
industry
they
had
a
hand
in
building.
Their
initiative,
the
Truth
about
Tech,
is
pouring
millions
of
dollars
into
a(n)
__40__
to
warn
parents,
teachers
and
students
that
the?technology
they
use
is
in
fact
engineered
to
addict
them.
Section
C
Translation：（注意使用动名词）
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
2.今天去没有用,
他不会在家。
3.你写完作文了吗?
4.请原谅我来晚了。
5.他不声不响地走了进来。
6.他走进来了,
没有被看见。
7．你擦一下窗好吗？（mind
）（08上海春考）
8．和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多关于花卉的知识。(enable)
（07上海春考）
9.
躺在草地上听音乐真是惬意。(It…)
(06上海春考)
10.
多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good)
（05上海高考）
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
When
human
beings
first
began
speaking---about
150,000
years
ago---the
words
they
used
were
probably
simple
and
understood
by
all
who
heard
them.
Today
linguists,
scientists
who
study
the
structure
and
____51____
of
language,
have
identified
at
least
6,888
languages.
Only
23
of
the
world’s
languages
have
more
than
50
million
speakers
each.
How
did
____52____
spoken
languages
such
as
Chinese,
Spanish,
Arabic,
Russian,
and
French
become
so
common?
One
principal
factor
is
____53____.
A
region’s
geographical
makeup
helps
to
determine
how
___54_____
its
language
spreads.
Papua
New
Guinea,
a
large
island
in
the
South
Pacific,
for
example,
is
one
of
the
most
linguistically
____55____
areas
of
the
world
because
of
its
rugged
terrain(崎岖地带).
The
people
who
settled
its
central
highlands
about
50,000
years
ago
were
___56_____
each
other
by
mountains,
rivers,
and
dense
rain
forests.
Each
remote
group
of
settlers
developed
its
own
culture
and
language;
so
although
nearly
800
languages
evolved
on
the
island,
its
geographical
isolation
____57____
their
spread.
Another
factor
that
____58____
the
spread
of
a
language
is
the
number
of
people
who
speak
it.
Even
though
hundreds
of
languages
are
spoken
in
Papua
New
Guinea,
the
people
number
only
3.5
million.
____59____,
nearly
900,000,000
people
speak
Mandarin
Chinese
as
their
first
language.
English,
which
has
only
about
320,000,000
native
speakers,
is
spoken
____60____
by
nearly
a
billion
people.
Because
so
many
speak
it
as
a
second
language,
English
is
often
used
to
conduct
international
trade
or
government
business.
For
example,
most
people
in
Nigeria
speak
one
of
three
main
African
languages,
but
the
country
has
more
than
400
indigenous(本土的)
languages.
Nigeria
is
one
of
60
nations
that
has
____61____
English
as
its
official
language.
In
the
past,
language
was
often
spread
by
conquest.
It
is
said
that
a
language
is
a
dialect
backed
up
by
a(n)
___62_____.
When
Rome
began
conquering
its
neighbours
in
about
509
B.C.,
its
language,
Latin,
spread
from
central
Italy
throughout
the
known
world.
Languages
that
___63_____
Latin—such
as
Portuguese,
Spanish,
and
French—were
brought
to
North,
South,
and
Central
America
and
to
Africa
by
explorers
and
empire
builders.
Today
a
language
gains
power
through
electronic
media.
American
music,
movies,
and
computer
programs
are
____64____
throughout
the
world,
and
nearly
80
percent
of
all
Internet
information
is
in
English.
Because
no
other
language
has
been
spoken
in
so
many
places,
___65____
may
become
the
first
truly
global
language.
51.
A.
knowledge
B.
use
C.
birth
D.
growth
52.
A.
widely
B.
officially
C.
fluently
D.
perfectly
53.
A.
culture
B.
geography
C.
population
D.
society
54.
A.
fast
B.
gradually
C.
easily
D.
far
55.
A.
residential
B.
remote
C.
diverse
D.
central
56.
A.
linked
with
B.
protected
against
C.
separated
from
D.
applied
to
57.
A.
controlled
B.
prevented
C.
encouraged
D.
witnessed
58.
A.
limits
B.
affects
C.
stops
D.
slows
59.
A.
On
the
whole
B.
As
a
result
C.
In
addition
D.
By
contrast
60.
A.
additionally
B.
clearly
C.
warmly
D.
hardly
61.
A.
commanded
B.
abandoned
C.
adopted
D.
written
62.
A.
government
B.
army
C.
nation
D.
emperor
63.
A.
consisted
of
B.
began
with
C.
led
to
D.
derived
from
64.
A.
designed
B.
distributed
C.
developed
D.
displayed
65.
A.
English
B.
Chinese
C.
French
D.
Spanish
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
A
Poet
William
Stafford
once
said
that
we
are
defined
more
by
the
detours(绕行路)in
life
that
by
the
narrow
road
toward
goals.
I
like
this
image.
But
as
quite
by
accident
I
discovered
the
deep
meaning
of
his
words.
For
years
we
made
the
long
drive
from
our
home
in
Seattle
to
my
parents’
home
in
Boise
in
nine
hours.
We
travelled
the
way
most
people
do:
the
fastest,
shortest
easiest
road,
especially
when
I
was
alone
with
four
noisy,
restless
kids
who
hates
confinement(限制)and
have
strong
opinions
about
everything.
Road
trips
felt
risky,
so
I
would
drive
fast,
stopping
only
when
I
had
to.
We
would
stick
to
the
freeways
and
arrive
tired.
But
then
Banner,
our
lamb
was
born.
He
was
rejected
by
his
mama
days
before
our
planned
trip
to
Boise.
I
had
two
choices:
leave
Banner
with
my
husband,
or
take
him
with
me.
My
husband
made
the
decision
for
me.
That
is
how
I
found
myself
on
the
road
with
four
kids,
a
baby
lamb
and
nothing
but
my
everlasting
optimism
to
see
me
through.
We
took
the
country
roads
out
of
necessity.
We
had
to
stop
every
hour,
let
Banner
stretch
out
his
legs
and
feed
him.
The
kids
chased
him
and
one
another.
They’d
get
back
in
the
car
breathless
and
energized,
smelling
fresh
from
the
cold
air.
We
explored
side
roads,
catching
grasshoppers
in
waist-high
grass.
Even
if
we
simply
looked
out
of
the
car
windows
at
baby
pigs
following
their
mother,
or
fish
leaping
out
of
the
water,
it
was
better
than
the
best
ride
down
the
freeway.
Here
was
life.
And
new
horizons.
We
eventually
arrived
at
my
parents’
doorstep
astonishingly
fresh
and
full
of
stories
I
grew
brave
with
the
trip
back
home
and
creative
with
my
disciplining
technique.
On
an
empty
section
of
road,
everyone
started
quarrelling.
I
stopped
the
car,
ordered
all
kids
out
and
told
them
to
meet
me
up
ahead.
I
parked
my
car
half
a
mile
away
and
read
my
book
in
sweet
silence.
Some
road
trips
are
by
necessity
fast
and
straight.
But
that
trip
with
Banner
opened
our
eyes
to
a
world
available
to
anyone
adventurous
enough
to
wander
around
and
made
me
realize
that
a
detour
may
uncover
the
best
part
of
a
journey----and
the
best
part
of
yourself.
66.
Why
did
the
author
use
to
take
freeways
to
her
parents’
home?
A.
Because
her
kids
would
feel
less
confined.
B.
Because
she
felt
better
with
other
drivers
nearby.
C.
Because
it
would
be
faster
and
safer.
D.
Because
it
was
more
interesting.
67.
The
author
stopped
regularly
on
the
country
roads
to_________________.
A.
relax
in
the
fresh
air
B.
take
care
of
the
lamb
C.
take
a
deep
breath
D.
let
the
kids
play
with
Banner
68.
What
does
the
author
discover
from
the
trip
according
to
Paragraph
6?
A.
Freeways
are
where
beauty
hides.
B.
Getting
close
to
nature
adds
to
the
joy
of
life
C.
Enjoying
the
beauty
of
nature
benefits
one’s
health
D.
One
should
follow
side
roads
to
watch
wild
animals
69.
What
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
The
Road
to
Bravery
B.
Creativity
out
of
Necessity
C.
Road
trip
and
Country
Life
D.
Charm
of
the
Detour
B
Eight
Days
from
just
￡299
Departs
May—October
Includes:
●Return
flights
from
8
UK
airports
to
Naples
●Return
airport
to
hotel
transport
●Seven
nights’
accommodation
at
the
3☆
Hotel
Nice
●The
services
of
guides
●Government
taxes
Join
us
for
a
wonderful
holiday
in
one
of
Europe’s
most
wonderful
corners.
A
favourite
with
holidaymakers—indeed
the
ancient
Romans
called
the
area
“happy
land”
–this
simply
attractive
coastline
of
colourful
towns,
splendid
views
and
the
warm
Mediterranean
Sea
is
a
perfect
choice
for
a
truly
memorable
holiday!
Choose
between
the
peaceful
traditional
village
of
Sant’
Agata,
set
on
a
hillside
six
miles
from
Sorrento,
or
the
more
lively
and
well–known
international
resort
town
of
Sorrento,
with
wonderful
views
over
the
Bay
of
Naples.
Breathtaking
scenery
and
famous
sights
everywhere.
From
the
legendary
Isle
of
Capri
to
the
haunting
ruins
of
Pompeii,
and
from
the
unforgettable
“Amalfi
Drive”
to
the
delightful
resorts
of
Positano,
Sorrento
and
Ravello,
the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes!
Should
you
choose
to
join
us,
we
know
that
you
will
not
be
disappointed!
With
a
choice
of
hotels,
and
optional
excursions
including
Capri,
Pompeii
and
the
“Amalfi
Drive”,
this
is
a
truly
unmissable
holiday.
Price
based
on
two
tourists
sharing
a
twin
/
double
room
at
the
Hotel
Nice.
Like
to
know
more?
Then
telephone
Newmarket
Air
Holidays
Ltd
on:
0845-226-7766
(All
calls
charged
at
local
rates).
70.
All
the
following
are
included
in
the
price
of
￡
299
EXCEPT
__________.
A.
transport
between
the
airport
and
the
hotel
B.
telephone
calls
made
by
tourists
C.
the
services
of
guides
to
tourists
D.
double
rooms
for
every
two
tourists
71.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
invite
people
to
take
a
breath
in
the
Bay
of
Naples.
B.
To
advise
people
to
telephone
Newmarket
Air
Holidays
Ltd.
C.
To
persuade
people
to
tour
in
the
area
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea.
D.
To
attract
people
to
go
to
Sant’
Agata
or
Sorrento
for
sightseeing.
72.
The
underlined
part
“the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes”
in
the
passage
means
__________.
A.
the
area
is
pleasing
to
the
eye
B.
the
area
is
really
unforgettable
C.
the
area
offers
varieties
of
food
D.
the
area
is
crowded
with
tourists
73.
After
reading
the
ad,
one
will
probably
join
in
the
tour
because
_________.
A.
the
sights
are
attractive
and
the
tour
starts
in
May
or
October
B.
the
price
is
low
for
those
intending
to
stay
at
the
3☆
Hotel
Nice
C.
the
price
offered
is
reasonable
and
the
sights
are
beautiful
D.
good
services
are
offered
to
those
intending
to
stay
in
double
rooms
C
We’ve
considered
several
ways
of
paying
to
cut
in
line:
hiring
line
standers,
buying
tickets
from
scalpers
(票贩子),
or
purchasing
line
cutting
privileges
directly
from,
say,
an
airline
or
an
amusement
park.
Each
of
these
deals
replaces
the
morals
of
the
queue
(waiting
your
turn)
with
the
morals
of
the
market
(paying
a
price
for
faster
service).
Markets
and
queues—paying
and
waiting—are
two
different
ways
of
allocating(分配)
things,
and
each
is
appropriate
to
different
activities.
The
morals
of
the
queue,
“First
come,
first
served,”have
an
egalitarian(平等主义的)
appeal.
They
tell
us
to
ignore
privilege,
power,
and
deep
pockets.
The
principle
seems
right
on
play
grounds
and
at
bus
stops.
But
the
morals
of
the
queue
do
not
govern
all
occasions.
If
I
put
my
house
up
for
sale,
I
have
no
duty
to
accept
the
first
offer
that
comes
along,
simply
because
it’s
the
first.
Selling
my
house
and
waiting
for
a
bus
are
different
activities,
properly
governed
by
different
standards.
Sometimes
standards
change,
and
it
is
unclear
which
principle
should
apply.
Think
of
the
recorded
message
you
hear,
played
over
and
over,
as
you
wait
on
hold
when
calling
your
bank:“Your
call
will
be
answered
in
the
order
in
which
it
was
received.”This
is
essential
for
the
morals
of
the
queue.
It’s
as
if
the
company
is
trying
to
ease
our
impatience
with
fairness.
But
don’t
take
the
recorded
message
too
seriously.
Today,
some
people’s
calls
are
answered
faster
than
others.
Call
center
technology
enables
companies
to“score”incoming
call
sand
to
give
faster
service
to
those
that
come
from
rich
places.
You
might
call
this
telephonic
queue
jumping.
Of
course,
markets
and
queues
are
not
the
only
ways
of
allocating
things.
Some
goods
we
distribute
by
merit,
others
by
need,
still
others
by
chance.
However,
the
tendency
of
markets
to
replace
queues,
and
other
non-market
ways
of
allocating
goods
is
so
common
in
modern
life
that
we
scarcely
notice
it
anymore.
It
is
striking
that
most
of
the
paid
queue-jumping
schemes
we’ve
considered—at
airports
and
amusement
parks,
in
call
centers,
doctors’
offices,
and
national
parks—are
recent
developments,
scarcely
imaginable
three
decades
ago.
The
disappearance
of
the
queues
in
these
places
may
seem
an
unusual
concern,
but
these
are
not
the
only
places
that
markets
have
entered.
74.
According
to
the
author,
which
of
the
following
seems
governed
by
the
principle“First
come,
first
served”?
A.
Buying
houses.
B.
Taking
buses.
C.
Flying
with
an
airline.
D.
Visiting
amusement
parks.
75.
The
example
of
the
recorded
message
in
Paragraphs
4
and
5
illustrates__________________.
A.
the
necessity
of
patience
in
queuing
B.
the
advantage
of
modern
technology
C.
the
fairness
of
telephonic
services
D.
the
uncertainty
of
allocation
principle
76.
The
passage
is
meant
to_______________________.
A.
analyze
the
reason
for
standing
in
line
B.
justify
paying
for
faster
services
C.
criticize
the
behaviour
of
queue
jumping
D.
discuss
the
morals
of
allocating
things
77.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
The
morals
of
the
queue
have
completely
given
way
to
the
morals
of
the
market.
B.
The
morals
of
the
queue
have
been
applied
to
the
recorded
message
from
the
bank.
C.
The
morals
of
the
market
have
influenced
people’s
life
and
caused
some
concerns.
D.
The
morals
of
the
market
have
displayed
equality
in
every
aspect
of
people’s
life.
Translation
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
家长们总是千方百计地确保孩子们获得最好的教育。(ensure)
一个人是否成功主要取决于他做了什么，而不是说了什么。(not…but…)
他已经讲得很清楚了，只有当理论应用于实践，该计划才能被实行。(make
it
clear…)
我突然想到今天应该要去听那个讲座，但是却起晚了，错过了入场时间。（occur）
地震之后，国内开展了一场运动，呼吁人们伸出援助之手，捐献食品，或自愿去地震灾区。(launch)
Unit
2复习
+
动名词用法梳理
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动名词用法
（一）形式
动名词，顾名思义，具有双重作用：它既有动词的作用（后面可加自己的宾语），又有名词的作用（可以做句子的主语、宾语等）。
时态
语态
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
1.一般式
Working
in
these
conditions
is
not
a
pleasure
but
a
suffer.
2.
完成式
如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,
通常用动名的完成形式.
He
didn’t
mention
having
met
me.
I
regret
not
having
taken
her
advice.
在某些动词后(或成语中),
常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式,
尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.
Excuse
me
for
coming
late.
I
don’t
remember
ever
seeing
him
anywhere.
3.被动式
当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时,
动名词一般要用被动形式.
His
being
neglected
by
the
host
added
to
his
uneasiness.
He
couldn’t
bear
being
made
fun
of
like
that.
但要注意,
在want,
need,
deserve,
require
等动词后,
尽管表示的是被动的意思,
却用动名词的主动形式.
The
point
deserves
mentioning.
This
problem
requires
studying
with
great
care.
在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.
Her
method
is
worth
trying.
4.
完成被动式
如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生,
有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.
I
don’t
remember
having
ever
been
given
a
chance
to
try
this
method.
但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式,
而用一般被动形式代替,
以免句子显得累赘.
5.动名词的否定形式
动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词
【例】She
apologized
for
____
the
party.
A.
not
her
being
able
to
attend????B.
her
not
being
able
to
attend
C.
her
being
able
not
to
attend????D.
her
being
not
able
to
attend
not
+
doing的动名词否定形式，her为该动名词的逻辑主语。因此，正确答案选B。
（二）句法功能
1.作主语:
Working
in
these
conditions
is
not
a
pleasure
but
a
suffer.
动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语
(?http:?/??/?baike.baidu.com?/?view?/?954899.htm"
\t
"_blank?)，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：It
is
no
use/no
good
crying
over
spilt
milk.
洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It
was
hard
getting
on
the
crowded
street
car.
上这种拥挤的车真难。
It
is
fun
playing
with
children.
和孩子们一起玩真好。
There
is
no
joking
about
such
matters.
对这种事情不是开玩笑。
2.作宾语
（1）及物动词的宾语
You
mustn’t
delay
sending
the
tractors
over.
（2）介词的宾语
凡是动词+介词、名词+介词或形容词+介词形成的词组，都要求接动名词做宾语，因为所有介词后的动词都要使用动名词形式。
【例】He
gives
people
the
impressionof
having
spend
all
his
life
abroad.
全句的意思是“他给人的印象是他的一生都在国外度过”。这是名词＋介词＋动名词（短语）的形式。
3.作表语:
The
real
problem
is
getting
to
know
the
needs
of
the
people.
（三）动名词的复合结构（重要考点）
前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构:
一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构),
来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语
Their
coming
to
help
was
a
great
encouragement
to
us.
Do
you
mind
my
reading
your
paper?
They
insisted
on
my
staying
there
for
supper.
如果不是在句子开头,
这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格),
这比用所有格更自然一些.
I
don’t
mind
him
going.
She
hates
people
losing
their
temper.
【例1】The
girl's
being
educated
in
an
atmosphere
of
simple
living
was
what
her
parents
wished
for.
全句意思是：让孩子在简朴的生活环境中接受教育中她父母所希望的。
【例2】Although
punctual
himself,
the
professor
was
quite
used
to
student's
being
late
for
his
lecture.
句意：尽管教授很准时，但他对学生迟到已经习惯了。当这一结构不处于句首时，逻辑主语用名词的普通格式或代词宾语更自然些。
（四）只能接动名词的动词、词组、习惯搭配、句型
1.后接动名词的动词
有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而不能接不定式。这是考试中常见的考点。请大家务必多练多用多读多说，尽量培养语感，这比单纯死记硬背这些枯燥的词汇要容易得多。
这些动词是：acknowledge,
advice,
admit,
anticipate,
appreciate,
avoid,
allow,
bear,
can't
help,
cease,
commence,
complete,
confess,
delay,
deny,
discourage,
detest,
dread,
endure,
enjoy,
envy,
escape,
excuse,
fancy,
favor,
figure,
finish,
imagine,
involve,
justify,
keep,
mind,
miss,
permit,
postpone,
practice,
quit,
recall,
repent,
require,
resent,
resume,
risk,
save等等。
【例1】Mark
often
attempts
to
escape
being
fined
whenever
he
breaks
traffic
regulations.
动词escape后接动名词，fine“罚款”是及物动词、要用被动语态；而且，句子讲的是经常性动作，应当用一般时态。
【例2】People
appreciate
working
with
him
because
he
has
a
good
sense
of
humor.
全句的意思是：因为他很有幽默感，所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。根据句意，动名词动作与句子谓语动作并无时间上的先后，必须用动名词一般时态。
2.后接动名词的词组
（1）动名词作介词宾语常用在某些含有介词的词组后面,
常见的有:
insist
on,
persist
in,
think
of,
dream
of,
suspect…of,
accuse…of,
charge…with,
hear
of,
approve
of,
prevent…from,
keep…from,
stop…from,
refrain
from,
be
engaged
in,
depend
on,
thank…for,
feel
like,
excuse…for,
aim
at,
set
about等.
（2）特别注意：某些充当介词的to的动词词组、名词词组、形容词词组等后接动名词
approach
to（方法），admit
to（承认），
contribute
to（起作用），confess
to（承认），resort
to（求助于），reconcile
to（顺从于），revert
to（重新开始），submit
to（忍受），swear
to（断言），take
to
（开始从事），be
used
to（习惯于），look
forward
to（盼望），oppose
to
（反对），see
to(负责，注意)，devote…to(把···献给，投入于)等中的to都是介词而不是不定式符号。
【例1】The
match
was
cancelled
because
most
of
the
members
objected
to
having
a
match
without
a
standard
court.
object在这里是不及物动词，后面的to是介词，在接名词或动名词做宾语。
【例2】The
traditional
approach
to
dealing
with
complex
problem
is
to
break
them
down
into
smaller,
more
easily
managed
problems.
approach后面的to是介词，句意：解决复杂问题的传统方法是把他们分解为更小的、更容易处理的问题。
3.习惯搭配
be
busy
doing
sth.,
be
no
good
doing
sth.,
spend
some
time/money
doing
sth.,
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.,
have
a
hard
time
(in)
doing
sth.,
have
trouble
/
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth，can’t
help,
can’t
stand,
give
up,
feel
like,
put
off都是惯用搭配，其后动名词不能换成to不定式。
【例】Jean
did
not
have
time
to
go
to
the
concert
last
night
because
she
was
busy
being
prepared
for
her
examination.
4.
句型
1）满足句型“it
is
+名词或形容词+动名词”和句型“动词+
it
+形容词或名词+动名词”的形容词和名词有：good,
no
good,
nuisance,
no
use,
senseless,
use,
useless,
waste,
worthwhile。
例：Do
you
think
it
worthwhile
investing
a
large
sum
of
money
in
this
project?（你认为向该项目大量投资值得吗？）
2)
It
is
+
no
use,
no
good
(fun,
a
great
pleasure,
a
waste
of
time,
a
bore...)等名词+doing
sth.?
It
is
no
use
crying.哭没有用。
It
is
a
great
fun
playing
football．打篮球很有趣。?
3)
It
is
+
useless
(nice,
good，interesting,
expensive等形容词)+
doing
sth．?
It
is
nice
seeing
you
again．真高兴又遇到了你。?
It
is
good
playing
chess
after
supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。?
It
is
expensive
running
this
car．开这种小车是浪费。
（五）既可用动名词,
也可用不定式作宾语的动词
1.
有时两种结构之间意义差别不大,
有时却有不同的意思。
try
to
do努力、企图做某事
try
doing试验、试一试某种办法
mean
to
do打算，有意要…
mean
doing意味着
go
on
to
do
继而（去做另外一件事情）
go
on
doing
继续（原先没有做完的事情）
propose
to
do
打算（要做某事）
proposing
doing建议（做某事）
【例】If
I
had
remembered
to
close
the
window,
the
thief
would
not
have
got
in.
本句的意思是："我要是记得把窗子关起来的话，小偷就进不来了。"remember后接动名词表示记得过去曾做过某事，接不定式则表示记得要做某事。本句说的是："记得把窗子关起来"。注意remember后面不能用动词不定式的完成式。
2．dislike,
hate,
like,
love,
prefer
这些词加动名词时，表示喜欢或讨厌一般性、习惯性或发生过的某事、某物；加不定式时，表示喜欢或讨厌的、偶然一次的、打算做的某事、某物。prefer的用法稍微复杂一点，它后面加不定式还是加动名词通常是由它的固定结构或习惯用法决定的。常见的结构是：would
prefer
+
to
do（更想做某事）;
prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B（比起做B来说，更喜欢做A。注意：这里的比较使用的不是than，而是to）。
【例】Mr.
Johnson
preferred
to
be
given
heavier
work
to
do.
全句意思应是：“约翰逊先生宁可有（被给予）更重的活干”。可见，答案是A)
to
be
given。
deserve,
need,
require,
want
这几个词的共同特点是：它们后面既可加不定式，也可加动名词，意义相同。但是，表示被动时，
动名词依然使用主动形式，不定式则变成被动形式。
【例】Your
hair
wants
cutting.
You'd
better
have
it
done
tomorrow.
句中的want等于need，是一种口语习惯用法，后面接动名词主动形式表被动。
Unit
2重点单词词组复习
1.
global
adj.
of
or
concerning
the
whole
earth
全球的
例：global
war世界战争
global
travel
环球旅行
【拓展】词性转换
adv．globally全球性地
n．globe球，球状物，地球仪
2.
consume
v．to
eat
or
drink，to
use
up吃，喝，消耗
例：
他吃光了所有剩下的苹果。
The
project
consumed
most
of
my
time
and
energy．
这项计划耗尽了我大部分的时间和精力。
【拓展】词性转换
n．consumption消耗，使用，消耗量
n．consumer消费者，用户
相关词组
a
time—consuming
job一项费时的工作
a
consumer
advice
and
protection
center消费者咨询和保护中心
protect
the
rights
of
consumers保护消费者的权益
3.
establish
v．to
set
up，to
found建立
例：He
established
a
new
business．
他开始了新的事业。
The
company
where
his
father
works
was
established
in
1970．
The
book
established
him
in
the
field
of
literature．
【拓展】相关词组
establish
oneself
as确立自己的地位，使立足，使被接受
establish
one’s
reputation／fame
as确立作为……的声望或名誉
词性转换
n．establishment
建立
4.population
n．the
total
number
of
inhabitants
in
a
specified
area
人口
例：What
is
the
population
of
the
country?
这个国家有多少人口?
【拓展】相关词组
a
large／small
population人口众多／稀少
population
explosion
人口爆炸
词性转换
V．populate
使人民居住
5.
practise
v．to
keep
doing
it
regularly
in
order
to
be
able
to
doit
better练习
例：He
is
practising
the
piano
now．
他正在练习钢琴。
·v．实行
例：Acupuncture
was
practised
in
China
as
long
ago
as
the
third
millennium
BC．
·v．to
practise
medicine，work
as
a
doctor行医，开业做医生
例：“l
shall
never
practise
medicine
again，”he
reflected．
【拓展】词性转换
n．practice
实行
例：Practice
makes
perfect．
熟能生巧。
dj．practical实际的
6.
serving
n．an
amount
0f
food
for
one
person
(供一人饮食用的)一份，一客
例：The
waitress
said，“We
only
give
one
serving
of
butter
with
each
roll／for
one
roll．”侍者说：“我们每个面包卷只给一份黄油。”
【拓展】词性转换
V．serve提供，准备食物，端出，盛食物，伺候某人吃饭
n．service服务
7.
interfere
v．to
get
in
the
way
of
another妨碍，干涉，干扰
例：He
will
come
Saturday
if
nothing
interferes．
【拓展】相关词组
interfere
with
(1)干预，干扰，阻挠
例：No
one
wants
to
interfere
with
you．
(2)妨碍，影响
例：Don’t
interfere
with
him．He
is
preparing
for
the
final
exams．
他在准备期末考试，不要影响他。
interfere
in干涉，干预
例：They
have
no
right
to
interfere
in
the
internal
affairs
of
other
countries．
他们无权干涉别国内政。
词性转换
n．interference
干涉
8.
absorption
n．taking
in，complete
attention吸收，全神贯注，专注
例：the
complete
absorption
of
light
rays光线的完全吸收
absorption
in
one’s
work专心于工作
【拓展】词性转换
v．absorb吸收，使全神贯注，占用时间
相关词组
absorb
one’S
attention
吸引某人的注意力
be
absorbed
in专注于，聚精会神(干某事)
be
absorbed
into
被……并入
9．at
a
loss
不知所措
例：1
was
at
a
loss
for
what
to
do
next．
我对下一步该做什么茫然不知。
The
government
is
at
a
loss
to
know
how
to
tackle
the
violence．
该政府不知如何解决暴力。
10．deprive
v．剥夺，拿走，夺去(和of连用)
例：No
one
can
deprive
you
of
the
right
to
enjoy
free-dom
of
speech．
·v．使失掉(和of连用)
例：They
were
deprived
of
a
normal
childhood
by
the
war．
由于战争，他们失去了正常的童年。
【拓展】词性转换
n．deprivation
剥夺
11．tend
to易于，往往会(常用固定搭配tend
to
do)
例：They
tend
to
buy
cheap
processed
foods
like
canned
chicken
and
macaroni．
他们常常买便宜的加工过的食物，像罐头鸡和通心粉。
照顾，照料，注意(tend
to
sb．／sth．)
例：Excuse
me，l
have
to
tend
to
the
other
guests
【拓展】词性转换
n．tendency趋势
12．in
favour
of
赞同
例：Those
who
are
in
favour
of
the
project
raise
your
hands，please．
赞成这项计划的人请举起手。
【拓展】
相关词组
do
sb．a
favour
帮某人一个忙
do
a
favour
for
sb．／do
sb．the
favour
to
do
sth．帮某人一个忙
例：Will
you
do
me
the
favour
to
solve
the
problem?
be
in／out
of
favour
with
受宠／失宠
in
one’s
favour对某人有利
词性转换
v．favour
对……表示好感，支持，赞同，偏爱，对……有利
例：Which
side
do
you
favour?
adj．favourable(1)善意的，赞同的
例：We
are
favourable
to
the
proposal．
我们赞同这项提议。
(2)有利的，适合的
例：The
weather
seemed
favourable
for
the
race．
这天气似乎适合赛跑。
unfavourable
不利的
13．originate
vi.
起源，开始
originate
in起源于
例：It
is
said
that
rock
music
originated
in
England．
originate
from起源于，来自
例：This
TV
series
originated
from
a
true
story．
这部电视连续剧源于一个真实的故事。
·vt．创造
例：originate
a
style
of
dancing
创造一种舞蹈形式
【拓展】词性转换
adj．original
(1)原来的
例：I
must
change
the
original
plan
for
lack
of
money．
因为缺钱我必须改变我原来的计划。
the
original
story／edition原作／原版
(2)有创造性的
例：an
original
opinion
有创造性的观点
n．origin起源
例：the
origin
of
the
human
species人类物种起源
14．describe
v．to
say
what
something
is
like
描述
【拓展】相关词组
describe
as说某人……，认为某人……
例：He
described
himself
as
a
hard
worker，but
he
is
always
the
last
one
to
finish
the
job．
他说自己是一个勤劳的工人，但他总是最后一个完成任务。
describe
sth．to
sb．
把……向某人描述
例：Can
you
describe
the
traffic
accident
to
the
police?
词性转换
n．description描绘，描述
例：Please
give
me
a
brief
description
of
the
accident
The
lady
was
beautiful
beyond
description．
这位女士的美难以形容。
15．compare
v．比较，对照
例：When
I
have
compared
the
two
versions，I
may
write
to
you
again．
【拓展】相关词组
compare
A
to
B把……比作……
例：Scientists
sometimes
compare
the
human
brain
to
a
computer．
compare
A
with
B把……与……相比较
例：If
you
compare
Tom’s
handwriting
with
yours，you
will
find
his
is
much
better．
compared
to／with和……比起来
Compared
with
Tom’s，his
handwriting
is
much
better
词性转换
Adj.
comparative比较的
adv．comparatively相对地
n.
comparison
比较
comparison的相关词组
beyond
comparison无可比拟的
by
comparison比较起来
in
comparison
with和……比起来
there
is
no
comparison没法相比
16．claim
v
to
declare
to
be
true声称，断言
(1)跟不定式
例：He
claimed
to
have
al
ready
found
a
peculiar
fish
in
the
lake．
’
He
claimed
not
to
have
done
it．but
l
don’t
believe
him.
(2)跟从句
例：They
claimed
that
their
discovery
proved
priceless.
(3)可用it做形式主语
It
is
claimed
that．．
据宣称
例：it
is
claimed
that
this
discovery
will
revolutionize
surgery
·v．认领，声称有……的权利
例：He
claimed
the
coat
that
the
teacher
found.
【拓展】相关词组
claim
back要求收回
词性转换
n．claim声称，说法，要求，认领．提出要求的权利
例：make
a
claim
for
damages要求赔偿损失
17.
be／become
aware
of
意识到，知道
例：He
was
not
aware
of
the
fire
when
it
broke
out
【拓展】be
aware
that／become
aware
that
知道……，意识到……
例：Are
you
aware
that
you
have
made
a
terrible
mistake?
18．honour
·n荣誉，光荣
例：They
fight
for
the
honour
of
their
country.
·n尊敬
例：One
must
show
honour
to
one’s
parents.
·n．荣幸
例：It
is
an
honour
to
meet
you
·n．标志荣誉的东西(如奖品．勋章．绶带)
例：He
refused
all
rewards
and
honours.
·n．pl.
学生的优等成绩
例：Toscanini
entered
a
music
school
at
9
and
graduated
in
1885
with
the
highest
honours
in
cello(大提琴)
and
composition
【拓展】相关词组
have
the
honour
of有幸，荣幸地
in
honour
of为了(纪念或表示敬意而举行活动)
a
time-honoured
tradition
一个由来已久的传统
词性转换
v.
honour
尊敬
例：I
feel
greatly／highly
honoured
by
your
trust.
adj.
honorable可敬的／光明正大的
19．follow
·v．to
obey
or
act
as
ordered
by遵循，依照……行事
例：follow
the
instructions／directions
on
the
bottle
按照瓶子上的指令行事
【拓展】
相关词组
follow
one’s
advice
听从某人的建议
follow
the
orders听从命令
ollow
the
example
of学习……的榜样，效法
follow
suit照着干
follow
the
lead照样行事，追随着干
as
follows如下
词性转换
adj．following
(1)下面的
例：Please
translate
the
following
sentences
into
English.
(2)第二，下一个=next
例：the
following
morning
20．socialize
vi
交际
、参与社交
Maybe
you
should
socialize
more.也许你应该多和人交往。
I
enjoy
socializing
with
the
other
students.我喜欢和其他同学来玩。
词性转换
social
adj.
社会的
society
n.
社会
in
society
在社会上
sociable
adj.
好交际的
21．available
adj.
在手边的，现成可使用的，可利用的
Do
you
have
a
room
available
?
You
will
be
informed
when
the
book
becomes
available.
·adj．有效的，通用的
例：This
ticket
is
available
until
the
end
of
the
month．
·adj.
可获得的
例：We
took
the
first
available
plane．
be
(un)available
to
sb.
对某人来说可以获得的
No
useful
data
are
available
to
scientists.科学家没有有用的数据
【拓展】词性转换
adj.
unavailable不能利用的
22．date
back
to
=date
from
追溯到...
始于...
The
history
of
the
family
can
date
back
to
17th
century.这个家属的历史可以追溯到17世纪。
The
church
dates
from
/
back
to
the
13th
century.这座教堂的历史可以追溯至13世纪。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（C字母）
calculate
calendar
candidate
clarify
ceremony
conservation
certificate
chapter
combine
conquer
casual
classify
commercial
companion
conduct
conflict
convey
content
crash
crew
confirm
confess
catalog(ue)
critical
canteen
campaign
curriculum
cruise
claim
cease
costume
coincidence
collapse
compliment
compulsory
category
contemporary
cargo
capacity
cultivate
单句语法填空（注意动名词用法）
1.
_____
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
(walk)
2.
I
can't
understand
your
_______
at
that
poor
child.
(laugh)
3.
With
the
boy
leading
the
way,
we
had
no
difficulty
______
his
house.
(find)
4.
To
make
a
living,
he
tried
writing,
_______,
and
various
other
things,
but
he
had
failed
in
all.
(
paint)
5.
She
prided
herself
on
_______to
work
in
Beijing.
(send)
6.
She
was
praised
for
_______
the
life
of
the
child.
(save)
7.
She
ought
to
be
praised
instead
of
_______.
(criticize).
8.
Is
there
any
possibility
of
our
_______
the
championship?
(win)
9.
He
came
to
the
party
without
_______.
(invite)
10.
There
is
no
____
what
will
happen
in
the
future.
(know)
11.
I’ll
never
forget
____
the
musical
comedy
in
New
York.
(see)
12.I
remember
____
to
Beijing
when
I
was
a
child.
(take)
13.
He
paused
and
went
on
_____
the
text
to
us.
(explain)
14.On
_____
the
news,
she
couldn’t
help
crying.
(hear)
15.
While
shopping,
people
sometimes
can’t
help
_____
into
buying
something
they
don’t
really
need.
(persuade)
参考答案：
1.
Walking
2.laughing?
3.
finding
4.
painting
5.being
sent
6.
having
saved
7.being
criticized 8.winning
9.being
invited
10.
knowing
11.
having
seen
12.
being
taken
13.
explaining
14.
hearing
15.
being
persuaded
高考核心词汇练习
1.
In
order
to
guarantee
the
people’s
health
and
reduce
smoking,
the
government
is
starting
an
anti-smoking
advertising
__________.
A.
campaign
B.
capsule
C.capture
D.
cartoon
2.
You
mustn’t
carry
too
much
________
on
you
to
the
crowded
public
places.
You
can
use
your
bankcard
for
buying
things.
A.
cheque
B.
charge
C.costume
D.
cash
3.
Your
fluency
in
the
English
language
gives
you
an
advantage
over
the
other
____
for
the
job.
A.
captain
B.
carpenter
C.
carrier
D.
candidates
4.
You
can
look
for
the
book
in
the
library
_________.
A.
conservation
B.
cancer
C.
channel
D.
catalogue
5.
The
recent
research
shows
heavy
coffee
drinking
and
heart
attack
are
not
necessarily
___
and
effect．
A．cell
B．case
C．capacity
D．cause
6.
Nowadays
people
have
to
pass
various
tests
for
professional
________
so
that
they
can
be
qualified
for
a
well-paying
job.
A.
cruisse
B.
cassettes
C.
certificates
D.
categories
7.
Anyone
who
wants
to
be
successful
mustn’t
give
up
in
any
___________,
and
should
always
be
full
of
confidence.
A.
contribution
B.
circumstances
C.
competition
D.
challenges
8.
It
can’t
be
a(n)
__________that
four
jewelry
stores
were
robbed
in
one
night.
A.
coincidence
B.
accident
C.
incident
D.
chance
9.
He
finished
a
difficult
task
on
his
own
shortly
after
he
entered
the
company,
so
his
________
looked
at
him
with
new
eyes.
A.
clerks
B.
civilians
C.
citizens
D.
colleagues
10.
John
was
dismissed
last
week
because
of
his
__________
attitude
towards
his
job.
A.
competitive
B.
casual
C.
classical
D.
comprehensive
11.
I
think
it's
high
time
you
made
up
your
mind
to
choose
a(n)
________.
A.
ambition
B.caution
C.crisis
D.
career
12.
Jack
has
been
admitted
to
Harvard
University.
His
family
will
have
a
_______
tonight.
A.
anniversary
B.
celebration
C.
ceremony
D.
congratulation
13.
Through
which
______
did
you
get
the
information?
A.
canal
B.
channel
C.
condition
D.
circumstance
14.
The
twins
look
alike
but
they
are
different
in
_________.
A.
characteristic
B.
appearance
C.
character
D.
nature
15.
Math
is
a
_______
subject
for
both
arts
and
science
students.
A.
compulsory
B.
contemporary
C.
concrete
D.
considerate
参考答案：
1~5
ADDDD．6~10
CBADB.
11~15
DBBCA
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
When
it
comes
to
innovative
countries,
we
always
think
of
places
like
the
US,
the
UK
and
Germany.
However,
Israel
is
also
a
global
leader
(21)
______
innovation.
According
to
the
World
Economic
Forum's
Global
Competitiveness
Report
2016-2017,
Israel
is
the
second
(22)
______
(innovative)
nation
in
the
world,
just
after
Switzerland.
Many
of
us
(23)
______
not
be
aware,
but
technologies
developed
in
Israel
have
changed
our
lives.
For
example,
antivirus
software
(24)
______
protects
our
computers
was
first
developed
in
Israel
in
the
1970s,
according
to
The
Telegraph.
In
addition,
features
on
our
mobile
phones
such
as
voicemail
and
SMS
were
also
developed
in
Israel.
So
it
comes
as
no
surprise
that
Israel
plans
to
use
its
innovative
strength
(25)
______
(power)
the
cooperation
with
China
in
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
(26)
______
______
______
Israel
is
needed,
it
will
spare
no
effort
to
contribute
to
the
project,
said
Israeli
Prime
Minister
Benjamin
Netanyahu
during
his
visit
to
China
in
March,
according
to
Xinhua
News
Agency.
Many
Israeli
environmental
technology
companies
have
already
set
up
facilities
in
Shandong
province,
(27)
______
(bring)
Israeli
techniques
to
many
areas
such
as
recycling
water
for
agricultural
use,
reported
the
Times
of
Israel.
(28)
______
(found)
on
very
dry
land,
Israel
had
been
worried
about
water
for
a
very
long
time.
However,
in
recent
years,
the
quality
and
quantity
of
water
in
Israel
(29)
______
(improve),
with
the
help
of
techniques
that
turn
Mediterranean
seawater
and
wastewater
into
usable
water.
In
fact,
such
innovations
have
led
to
more
and
more
Chinese
students
(30)
______
(seek)
quality
higher
education
in
Israle.
“When
Chinese
students
who
study
here
go
back
home,
they
will
be
in
positions
to
influence
China-Israel
relationships
in
the
future,”
Emma
Afterman,
manager
of
Israel-China
Academic
Relations
at
the
Council
for
Higher
Education,
told
the
Jerusalem
Post.
参考答案：
21.
in
22.
most
innovative
23.
may/might
24.
that/which
25.
to
power
26.
As
long
as
27.
bringing
28.
Founded
29.
have
improved/
have
been
improved
30.
seeking
Section
B
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
dangerous
B.
measured
C.
continuous
D.
peaked
E.
explosion
F.
classified
G.
confusion
H.
religious
I.
effort
J.
launched
K.
attached
Parents
have
been
concerned
about
their
kids'
use
of
technology
since
the
dawn
of
technology
–
or
at
least
since
the
invention
of
the
transistor
radio
in
the
1950s.
Today,
technology
is
everywhere,
and?kids
are
growing
up
__31__
to
their
smartphones,
tablets
and
laptops
in
ways
that
'50s
moms
and
dads
could
never
have
dreamed
of.
Parental
concern
has
grown
along
with
this
tech
__32__.
But
now,
even
those
in
the
industry
are
wondering
if
technology
has
taken
a
truly
__33__
hold
on
all
of
us
–
and
especially
children.
No
less
than
Melinda
Gates,
wife
of
Microsoft
founder
Bill
Gates,?wrote
an
editorial
in
the
Washington
Post?last
summer
expressing
regret
for
the
Pandora's
Box
she
and
her
husband
helped
open.
"I
spent
my
career
in
technology.
I
wasn't
prepared
for
its
effect
on
my
kids,"
she
wrote.
"Phones
and
apps
aren't
good
or
bad
by
themselves,
but
for
adolescents
who
don't
yet
have
the
emotional
tools
to
deal
with
life's
complication
and
__34__,
they
can
add
to
the
difficulties
of
growing
up."
A
study,
which
came
out
this
year,
looked
at
yearly
surveys
of
8th,
10th
and
12th
graders
in
the
U.S.
between
1991-2016,
and
__35__
markers
of
psychological
well-being,
such
as
self-esteem,
life
satisfaction
and
happiness.
It
found
that
such
well-being
suddenly
decreased
after
2012
–
just
at
the
time
that
the
use
of
smartphone
and?social
media
__36__.
There
was
a
direct
correlation
between
the
amount
of
time
spent
on
electronics
and
unhappiness.
Happiness
was
highest
among
kids
who
participated
in
sports,
followed
by
in-person
socializing
and
__37__
services.
The
lowest?
Online
computer
games
–
the
abuse
of
which
has
recently
been
__38__
a?recognized
mental
health
disorder?by
the
World
Health
Organization
–
and
social
media.
Early
this
year,
big
players
formerly
of
tech
companies
such
as
Google
and
Facebook
created
the
Center
for
Humane
Technology
and,
in
partnership
with
the
nonprofit
organization
Common
Sense
Media,
__39__
a
full
media
and
advertising
attack
on
the
very
industry
they
had
a
hand
in
building.
Their
initiative,
the
Truth
about
Tech,
is
pouring
millions
of
dollars
into
a(n)
__40__
to
warn
parents,
teachers
and
students
that
the?technology
they
use
is
in
fact
engineered
to
addict
them.
参考答案：31-40
K
E
A
G
B
D
H
F
J
I
Section
C
Translation：（注意使用动名词）
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
2.今天去没有用,
他不会在家。
3.你写完作文了吗?
4.请原谅我来晚了。
5.他不声不响地走了进来。
6.他走进来了,
没有被看见。
7．你擦一下窗好吗？（mind
）（08上海春考）
8．和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多关于花卉的知识。(enable)
（07上海春考）
9.
躺在草地上听音乐真是惬意。(It…)
(06上海春考)
10.
多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good)
（05上海高考）
答案：（only
for
reference）
1.
My
favourite
sport
is
swimming.
2.
It’s
no
use
going
there
today.
He
won't
be
in/can't
be
in.
3.
Have
you
finished
writing
your
composition?
4.
Excuse
me
for
being/coming
late.
5.
He
entered
the
room
without
making
any
noise.
6.
He
entered
the
room
without
being
seen.
7.
Do
you
mind
/Would
you
mind
cleaning
the
window?
8.
Working
with
gardeners
enables
us
to
learn
a
lot
of
knowledge
about
flowers.
9.
It
is
pleasant
lying
on
the
grass
and
enjoying
the
music.
10.
Eating
/
Having
more
vegetable
and
fruits
/
fruit
does
good
to/
is
good
for
one’s
health.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
When
human
beings
first
began
speaking---about
150,000
years
ago---the
words
they
used
were
probably
simple
and
understood
by
all
who
heard
them.
Today
linguists,
scientists
who
study
the
structure
and
____51____
of
language,
have
identified
at
least
6,888
languages.
Only
23
of
the
world’s
languages
have
more
than
50
million
speakers
each.
How
did
____52____
spoken
languages
such
as
Chinese,
Spanish,
Arabic,
Russian,
and
French
become
so
common?
One
principal
factor
is
____53____.
A
region’s
geographical
makeup
helps
to
determine
how
___54_____
its
language
spreads.
Papua
New
Guinea,
a
large
island
in
the
South
Pacific,
for
example,
is
one
of
the
most
linguistically
____55____
areas
of
the
world
because
of
its
rugged
terrain(崎岖地带).
The
people
who
settled
its
central
highlands
about
50,000
years
ago
were
___56_____
each
other
by
mountains,
rivers,
and
dense
rain
forests.
Each
remote
group
of
settlers
developed
its
own
culture
and
language;
so
although
nearly
800
languages
evolved
on
the
island,
its
geographical
isolation
____57____
their
spread.
Another
factor
that
____58____
the
spread
of
a
language
is
the
number
of
people
who
speak
it.
Even
though
hundreds
of
languages
are
spoken
in
Papua
New
Guinea,
the
people
number
only
3.5
million.
____59____,
nearly
900,000,000
people
speak
Mandarin
Chinese
as
their
first
language.
English,
which
has
only
about
320,000,000
native
speakers,
is
spoken
____60____
by
nearly
a
billion
people.
Because
so
many
speak
it
as
a
second
language,
English
is
often
used
to
conduct
international
trade
or
government
business.
For
example,
most
people
in
Nigeria
speak
one
of
three
main
African
languages,
but
the
country
has
more
than
400
indigenous(本土的)
languages.
Nigeria
is
one
of
60
nations
that
has
____61____
English
as
its
official
language.
In
the
past,
language
was
often
spread
by
conquest.
It
is
said
that
a
language
is
a
dialect
backed
up
by
a(n)
___62_____.
When
Rome
began
conquering
its
neighbours
in
about
509
B.C.,
its
language,
Latin,
spread
from
central
Italy
throughout
the
known
world.
Languages
that
___63_____
Latin—such
as
Portuguese,
Spanish,
and
French—were
brought
to
North,
South,
and
Central
America
and
to
Africa
by
explorers
and
empire
builders.
Today
a
language
gains
power
through
electronic
media.
American
music,
movies,
and
computer
programs
are
____64____
throughout
the
world,
and
nearly
80
percent
of
all
Internet
information
is
in
English.
Because
no
other
language
has
been
spoken
in
so
many
places,
___65____
may
become
the
first
truly
global
language.
51.
A.
knowledge
B.
use
C.
birth
D.
growth
52.
A.
widely
B.
officially
C.
fluently
D.
perfectly
53.
A.
culture
B.
geography
C.
population
D.
society
54.
A.
fast
B.
gradually
C.
easily
D.
far
55.
A.
residential
B.
remote
C.
diverse
D.
central
56.
A.
linked
with
B.
protected
against
C.
separated
from
D.
applied
to
57.
A.
controlled
B.
prevented
C.
encouraged
D.
witnessed
58.
A.
limits
B.
affects
C.
stops
D.
slows
59.
A.
On
the
whole
B.
As
a
result
C.
In
addition
D.
By
contrast
60.
A.
additionally
B.
clearly
C.
warmly
D.
hardly
61.
A.
commanded
B.
abandoned
C.
adopted
D.
written
62.
A.
government
B.
army
C.
nation
D.
emperor
63.
A.
consisted
of
B.
began
with
C.
led
to
D.
derived
from
64.
A.
designed
B.
distributed
C.
developed
D.
displayed
65.
A.
English
B.
Chinese
C.
French
D.
Spanish
参考答案：
51—55
DABDC
56—60
CBBDA
61—65
CBDBA
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
A
Poet
William
Stafford
once
said
that
we
are
defined
more
by
the
detours(绕行路)in
life
that
by
the
narrow
road
toward
goals.
I
like
this
image.
But
as
quite
by
accident
I
discovered
the
deep
meaning
of
his
words.
For
years
we
made
the
long
drive
from
our
home
in
Seattle
to
my
parents’
home
in
Boise
in
nine
hours.
We
travelled
the
way
most
people
do:
the
fastest,
shortest
easiest
road,
especially
when
I
was
alone
with
four
noisy,
restless
kids
who
hates
confinement(限制)and
have
strong
opinions
about
everything.
Road
trips
felt
risky,
so
I
would
drive
fast,
stopping
only
when
I
had
to.
We
would
stick
to
the
freeways
and
arrive
tired.
But
then
Banner,
our
lamb
was
born.
He
was
rejected
by
his
mama
days
before
our
planned
trip
to
Boise.
I
had
two
choices:
leave
Banner
with
my
husband,
or
take
him
with
me.
My
husband
made
the
decision
for
me.
That
is
how
I
found
myself
on
the
road
with
four
kids,
a
baby
lamb
and
nothing
but
my
everlasting
optimism
to
see
me
through.
We
took
the
country
roads
out
of
necessity.
We
had
to
stop
every
hour,
let
Banner
stretch
out
his
legs
and
feed
him.
The
kids
chased
him
and
one
another.
They’d
get
back
in
the
car
breathless
and
energized,
smelling
fresh
from
the
cold
air.
We
explored
side
roads,
catching
grasshoppers
in
waist-high
grass.
Even
if
we
simply
looked
out
of
the
car
windows
at
baby
pigs
following
their
mother,
or
fish
leaping
out
of
the
water,
it
was
better
than
the
best
ride
down
the
freeway.
Here
was
life.
And
new
horizons.
We
eventually
arrived
at
my
parents’
doorstep
astonishingly
fresh
and
full
of
stories
I
grew
brave
with
the
trip
back
home
and
creative
with
my
disciplining
technique.
On
an
empty
section
of
road,
everyone
started
quarrelling.
I
stopped
the
car,
ordered
all
kids
out
and
told
them
to
meet
me
up
ahead.
I
parked
my
car
half
a
mile
away
and
read
my
book
in
sweet
silence.
Some
road
trips
are
by
necessity
fast
and
straight.
But
that
trip
with
Banner
opened
our
eyes
to
a
world
available
to
anyone
adventurous
enough
to
wander
around
and
made
me
realize
that
a
detour
may
uncover
the
best
part
of
a
journey----and
the
best
part
of
yourself.
66.
Why
did
the
author
use
to
take
freeways
to
her
parents’
home?
A.
Because
her
kids
would
feel
less
confined.
B.
Because
she
felt
better
with
other
drivers
nearby.
C.
Because
it
would
be
faster
and
safer.
D.
Because
it
was
more
interesting.
67.
The
author
stopped
regularly
on
the
country
roads
to_________________.
A.
relax
in
the
fresh
air
B.
take
care
of
the
lamb
C.
take
a
deep
breath
D.
let
the
kids
play
with
Banner
68.
What
does
the
author
discover
from
the
trip
according
to
Paragraph
6?
A.
Freeways
are
where
beauty
hides.
B.
Getting
close
to
nature
adds
to
the
joy
of
life
C.
Enjoying
the
beauty
of
nature
benefits
one’s
health
D.
One
should
follow
side
roads
to
watch
wild
animals
69.
What
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
The
Road
to
Bravery
B.
Creativity
out
of
Necessity
C.
Road
trip
and
Country
Life
D.
Charm
of
the
Detour
66—69
CBBD
B
Eight
Days
from
just
￡299
Departs
May—October
Includes:
●Return
flights
from
8
UK
airports
to
Naples
●Return
airport
to
hotel
transport
●Seven
nights’
accommodation
at
the
3☆
Hotel
Nice
●The
services
of
guides
●Government
taxes
Join
us
for
a
wonderful
holiday
in
one
of
Europe’s
most
wonderful
corners.
A
favourite
with
holidaymakers—indeed
the
ancient
Romans
called
the
area
“happy
land”
–this
simply
attractive
coastline
of
colourful
towns,
splendid
views
and
the
warm
Mediterranean
Sea
is
a
perfect
choice
for
a
truly
memorable
holiday!
Choose
between
the
peaceful
traditional
village
of
Sant’
Agata,
set
on
a
hillside
six
miles
from
Sorrento,
or
the
more
lively
and
well–known
international
resort
town
of
Sorrento,
with
wonderful
views
over
the
Bay
of
Naples.
Breathtaking
scenery
and
famous
sights
everywhere.
From
the
legendary
Isle
of
Capri
to
the
haunting
ruins
of
Pompeii,
and
from
the
unforgettable
“Amalfi
Drive”
to
the
delightful
resorts
of
Positano,
Sorrento
and
Ravello,
the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes!
Should
you
choose
to
join
us,
we
know
that
you
will
not
be
disappointed!
With
a
choice
of
hotels,
and
optional
excursions
including
Capri,
Pompeii
and
the
“Amalfi
Drive”,
this
is
a
truly
unmissable
holiday.
Price
based
on
two
tourists
sharing
a
twin
/
double
room
at
the
Hotel
Nice.
Like
to
know
more?
Then
telephone
Newmarket
Air
Holidays
Ltd
on:
0845-226-7766
(All
calls
charged
at
local
rates).
70.
All
the
following
are
included
in
the
price
of
￡
299
EXCEPT
__________.
A.
transport
between
the
airport
and
the
hotel
B.
telephone
calls
made
by
tourists
C.
the
services
of
guides
to
tourists
D.
double
rooms
for
every
two
tourists
71.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
invite
people
to
take
a
breath
in
the
Bay
of
Naples.
B.
To
advise
people
to
telephone
Newmarket
Air
Holidays
Ltd.
C.
To
persuade
people
to
tour
in
the
area
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea.
D.
To
attract
people
to
go
to
Sant’
Agata
or
Sorrento
for
sightseeing.
72.
The
underlined
part
“the
area
is
a
feast
for
the
eyes”
in
the
passage
means
__________.
A.
the
area
is
pleasing
to
the
eye
B.
the
area
is
really
unforgettable
C.
the
area
offers
varieties
of
food
D.
the
area
is
crowded
with
tourists
73.
After
reading
the
ad,
one
will
probably
join
in
the
tour
because
_________.
A.
the
sights
are
attractive
and
the
tour
starts
in
May
or
October
B.
the
price
is
low
for
those
intending
to
stay
at
the
3☆
Hotel
Nice
C.
the
price
offered
is
reasonable
and
the
sights
are
beautiful
D.
good
services
are
offered
to
those
intending
to
stay
in
double
rooms
70—73
BDAC
C
We’ve
considered
several
ways
of
paying
to
cut
in
line:
hiring
line
standers,
buying
tickets
from
scalpers
(票贩子),
or
purchasing
line
cutting
privileges
directly
from,
say,
an
airline
or
an
amusement
park.
Each
of
these
deals
replaces
the
morals
of
the
queue
(waiting
your
turn)
with
the
morals
of
the
market
(paying
a
price
for
faster
service).
Markets
and
queues—paying
and
waiting—are
two
different
ways
of
allocating(分配)
things,
and
each
is
appropriate
to
different
activities.
The
morals
of
the
queue,
“First
come,
first
served,”have
an
egalitarian(平等主义的)
appeal.
They
tell
us
to
ignore
privilege,
power,
and
deep
pockets.
The
principle
seems
right
on
play
grounds
and
at
bus
stops.
But
the
morals
of
the
queue
do
not
govern
all
occasions.
If
I
put
my
house
up
for
sale,
I
have
no
duty
to
accept
the
first
offer
that
comes
along,
simply
because
it’s
the
first.
Selling
my
house
and
waiting
for
a
bus
are
different
activities,
properly
governed
by
different
standards.
Sometimes
standards
change,
and
it
is
unclear
which
principle
should
apply.
Think
of
the
recorded
message
you
hear,
played
over
and
over,
as
you
wait
on
hold
when
calling
your
bank:“Your
call
will
be
answered
in
the
order
in
which
it
was
received.”This
is
essential
for
the
morals
of
the
queue.
It’s
as
if
the
company
is
trying
to
ease
our
impatience
with
fairness.
But
don’t
take
the
recorded
message
too
seriously.
Today,
some
people’s
calls
are
answered
faster
than
others.
Call
center
technology
enables
companies
to“score”incoming
call
sand
to
give
faster
service
to
those
that
come
from
rich
places.
You
might
call
this
telephonic
queue
jumping.
Of
course,
markets
and
queues
are
not
the
only
ways
of
allocating
things.
Some
goods
we
distribute
by
merit,
others
by
need,
still
others
by
chance.
However,
the
tendency
of
markets
to
replace
queues,
and
other
non-market
ways
of
allocating
goods
is
so
common
in
modern
life
that
we
scarcely
notice
it
anymore.
It
is
striking
that
most
of
the
paid
queue-jumping
schemes
we’ve
considered—at
airports
and
amusement
parks,
in
call
centers,
doctors’
offices,
and
national
parks—are
recent
developments,
scarcely
imaginable
three
decades
ago.
The
disappearance
of
the
queues
in
these
places
may
seem
an
unusual
concern,
but
these
are
not
the
only
places
that
markets
have
entered.
74.
According
to
the
author,
which
of
the
following
seems
governed
by
the
principle“First
come,
first
served”?
A.
Buying
houses.
B.
Taking
buses.
C.
Flying
with
an
airline.
D.
Visiting
amusement
parks.
75.
The
example
of
the
recorded
message
in
Paragraphs
4
and
5
illustrates__________________.
A.
the
necessity
of
patience
in
queuing
B.
the
advantage
of
modern
technology
C.
the
fairness
of
telephonic
services
D.
the
uncertainty
of
allocation
principle
76.
The
passage
is
meant
to_______________________.
A.
analyze
the
reason
for
standing
in
line
B.
justify
paying
for
faster
services
C.
criticize
the
behaviour
of
queue
jumping
D.
discuss
the
morals
of
allocating
things
77.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
The
morals
of
the
queue
have
completely
given
way
to
the
morals
of
the
market.
B.
The
morals
of
the
queue
have
been
applied
to
the
recorded
message
from
the
bank.
C.
The
morals
of
the
market
have
influenced
people’s
life
and
caused
some
concerns.
D.
The
morals
of
the
market
have
displayed
equality
in
every
aspect
of
people’s
life.
74—77
BDDC
Translation
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
家长们总是千方百计地确保孩子们获得最好的教育。(ensure)
一个人是否成功主要取决于他做了什么，而不是说了什么。(not…but…)
他已经讲得很清楚了，只有当理论应用于实践，该计划才能被实行。(make
it
clear…)
我突然想到今天应该要去听那个讲座，但是却起晚了，错过了入场时间。（occur）
地震之后，国内开展了一场运动，呼吁人们伸出援助之手，捐献食品，或自愿去地震灾区。(launch)
参考答案：
Parents
always
try
their
best
to
ensure
their
children
the
best
education./…to
ensure
that
their
children
get
the
best
education.
Whether
a
person
is
successful
mainly
depends
on
not
what
he
has
said
but
what
he
has
done.
He
has
made
it
clear
that
only
when
theory
is
applied
to
practice
can
the
plan
be
carried
out.
It
occurred
to
me
that
I
should
have
attended
the
lecture
today,
but
I
got
up
late
and
missed
the
time
of
admission.
After
the
earthquake,
a
campaign
was
launched
in
the
country
to
appeal
people
to
lend
a
hand,
donate
food
or
volunteer
to
go
to
the
earthquake-stricken
area.
Unit
2复习
+
动名词用法梳理
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