中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
句子的成分
主要成分：主语
和
谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等
（一）主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首
Subject
表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名
词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
注意：在there
be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
例如：Tom
is
a
good
boy.
(名词)
We
often
speak
English
in
class.
(代词)
One-third
of
the
students
in
this
class
are
girls.
(数词)
To
swim
in
the
river
is
a
great
pleasure.
(不定式)
Smoking
does
harm
to
the
health.
(动名词)
The
rich
should
help
the
poor.
(名词化形容词)
When
we
are
going
to
have
an
English
test
has
not
been
decided.
(主语从句)
It
is
necessary
to
master
a
foreign
language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式)
（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、
Predicate
“是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下：
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如：
I
like
apples.
(
动词
)
He
practices
running
every
morning.
（动词短语）
复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成；
例如：You
may
keep
the
book
for
two
weeks.
He
has
caught
a
bad
cold.
（2）由（系动词+表语）构成。
We
are
having
a
quick
breakfast.
（三）
表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么”
Predicative
或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短
语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be,
keep,
remain,
become,
get.
grow,
turn,
look,
seem,
feel,
smell,
sound,
taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。
如：
My
mother
is
a
doctor.
(名词)
Is
it
yours?
(代词)
The
weather
has
turned
cold.
（形容词）
The
speech
is
exciting.
（现在分词）
The
door
is
closed.
（过去分词）
Three
times
seven
is
twenty
one.
（数词）
His
job
is
to
teach
English.
（不定式）
His
hobby
is
playing
football.
（动名词）
The
machine
must
be
out
of
order.（介词短语）
Time
is
up.
The
class
is
over.
(副词)
The
truth
is
that
he
has
never
been
abroad.
（表语从句）
（四）
宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物
Object
动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如：
They
went
to
see
an
exhibition
yesterday.
（名词）
The
heavy
rain
prevented
me
from
coming
to
school
on
time.
（代词）
How
many
dictionaries
do
you
have?
I
have
three.
（数词）
They
helped
the
old
with
their
housework
yesterday.
（名词化形容词）
He
pretended
not
to
see
me.
（不定式）
I
enjoy
listening
to
popular
music.
（动名词）
I
think
(that)
he
is
fit
for
this
job.
（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
<
1
>
双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：
Lend
me
your
dictionary,
please.
=Lend
your
dictionary
to
me,
please.
间宾
直宾
直宾
间宾
※
有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语
可带双宾语的动词有bring,
give,
show,
send,
pass,
tell,
lend,
offer,
buy,
make,
do等。
“七
给”
一
“带”
to不少,
“
买
”
画
“
制作”
for来了。
带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括如下：
1、“七给”(give,
pass,
lend,
write,
show,
send,
hand)和“带”(bring)
8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“
vt.
+
sth.
+
to
+
sb.”
如：He
lent
some
money
to
me.
类似动词的还有：get,
mail,
offer,pay,
promise,
read,
sell,
take,
teach等
2、“buy”
(买)
；“draw”
(画)
；“make”
(制作)
三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成
“vt.
+
sth.
+
for
+
sb.”。
如：Mother
bought
a
new
dress
for
me。
类似的动词还有：build，choose,
cook,
cut,
do,
find,
fix,
leave,
order等。
3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后
如：Richard
made
it
for
him。理查德为他做的这个东西
Give
it
to
me。把它给我
4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,
teach,
tell,
owe,
pay.
I
asked
John.
我问约翰
I
asked
a
question.
我问了一个问题
I
asked
John
a
question.我问了约翰一个问题
<
2
>复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如：
They
elected
him
their
monitor.
宾语
宾语补足语
（五）宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、
Object
Complement形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语
的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，
才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make,
let,
see,
find,
name等）
或介词（如with）+
宾语
+
宾补。例如：
His
father
named
him
Dong
Ming.
(名词)
They
painted
their
boat
white.
(形容词)
Let
the
fresh
air
in.
（副词）
I
ask
him
to
go
home
now.
(不定式)
We
saw
her
entering
the
room.
（现在分词）
He
found
the
door
locked.
（过去分词）
We
found
everything
in
the
lab
in
good
order.
（介词短语）
We
will
soon
make
our
city
what
your
city
is
now.
(从句)
主语补足语：对主语的补充
He
was
elected
monitor.
She
was
found
singing
in
the
next
room.
He
was
advised
to
teach
the
lazy
boy
a
lesson.
（六）
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Attributive
代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。
Guilin
is
a
beautiful
city.
（形容词）
China
is
a
developing
country.
（现在分词）
America
is
a
developed
country.
（过去分词）
There
are
thirty
women
teachers
in
our
school.
（名词）
His
maths
is
very
good.
（形容词性物主代词）
I
am
the
last
person
to
leave
the
classroom.
（不定式）
The
teaching
plan
for
next
term
has
been
worked
out.
（动名词）
He
is
reading
an
article
about
how
to
learn
German.
（介词短语）
You
should
do
everything
that
I
do.
（定语从句）
（七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、
Adverbial
地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副
词的词组或短语等来充当。如：
Light
travels
most
quickly.
(副词性词组)
He
has
lived
in
the
city
for
ten
years.
（介词短语）
He
is
proud
to
have
passed
the
national
college
entrance
examination.
(不定式)
He
is
in
the
room
making
a
model
plane.
(现在分词短语)
Wait
a
minute.
（名词）
Once
you
begin,
you
must
continue.
（状语从句）
状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、
伴随状语、比较状语等。如：
How
about
meeting
again
at
six?
（时间状语）
Last
night
he
didn’t
go
to
the
dance
party
because
of
the
rain.
（原因状语）
I
shall
go
there
if
it
doesn’t
rain.
（条件状语从句）
Mr.
Smith
lived
on
the
third
floor.
（地点状语）
She
put
the
eggs
into
the
basket
with
great
care.
（方式状语）
She
came
in
with
a
book
in
her
hand.
（伴随状语）
In
order
to
catch
up
with
the
others,
I
must
work
harder.
（目的状语）
He
was
so
tired
that
he
fell
asleep
immediately.
（结果状语从句）
She
works
very
hard
though
she
is
old.
（让步状语从句）
I
am
taller
than
he
is.
（比较状语从句）
五种基本句式
主语
＋
谓语
She
came．/
My
head
aches.
主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语
She
likes
English.
主语
＋
谓语
＋
间接宾语
＋
直接宾语
She
gave
John
a
book．
主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语
＋
宾语补足语
She
makes
her
mother
angry．
主语
＋
系动词
＋
表语
She
is
happy．
写作中常用的句子成分还有定语、状语和同位语。定语主要由形容词充当，放在名词或代词前修饰名词或代词，或者由介词短语充当，放在名词之后；状语由副词或者介词短语充当，修饰动词。同位语用于名词之后，起补充说明该名词意义的作用。这些成分都不是必不可少的成分，但是它们是扩展句子的非常重要的手段。
（一）、“主语
＋
谓语”结构
此处谓语动词要用不及物动词，也就是主语本身就可以完成谓语动词的动作，后面不需要跟一个该动作的承受者。例如：
在过去的二十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。
如果写成：Over
the
past
twenty
years,
China
has
happened
dramatic
changes.
句子显而易见是错误的，因为happen是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。汉语可以说“发生变化”，但是英语不能说“happen
changes”。
有以下几种说法可以替换：
Over
the
past
twenty
years,
China
has
witnessed（目睹，及物动词）dramatic
changes.
During
the
past
twenty
years,
China
has
seen
(看见，及物动词)
dramatic
changes.
Over
the
previous
twenty
years,
China
has
experienced
(经历，及物动词)
dramatic
changes.
Over
the
last
twenty
years,
China
has
undergone
(经历，及物动词)
dramatic
changes.
如果要用happen或者take
place,
必须说成：在过去的二十年里巨大的变化发生在中国。
写成：Over
the
past
twenty
years,
dramatic
changes
have
happened/
taken
place
in
China.
常见的不及物动词有happen,
break
out,
agree,
go,
work,
listen,
look,
come,
die,
belong,
fall,
exist,
arrive,
sit,
sail,
hurry,
fail,
succeed等，还有主要用于图表增减的词如fall,
drop,
increase等。
（二）、“主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语”结构
此处谓语动词要用及物动词，也就是主语发出的谓语动词的动作，后面必须要跟一个动作的承受者。及物动词就是词典或者词汇表中后面标有vt.（transitive
verb）的词。
Time
heals
all
wounds.
时间可以治愈一切伤痛。
其中Time
是主语，发出了heal这个动作,
而heal的对象，也就是heal这个动作的承受者是wounds。
The
tailor
makes
the
man.
人靠衣装，佛靠金装。
The
tailor发出了make这个动作，make的对象或者说make的承受者是the
man。
主谓宾句型跟中文顺序对应，大部分同学能够写得得心应手，建议考生在写作中重点使用。这一句型的基本要求是要记住大量的动宾搭配的地道表达方式，如：
增进理解
deepen
understanding
增强人们的环保意识
enhance
people’s
awareness
of
environmental
protection
采取措施
take
measures
提高人民生活水平
improve
people’s
standard
of
living
扩大知识面
enlarge
scope
of
knowledge
保护濒危动物
protect
endangered
species
赡养老年人
support/take
care
of
the
elderly
犯罪
commit
crimes
掌握语言技能
acquire
language
skills
取得成功/
实现目标achieve
success/
one’s
aim
发表演说
deliver
an
address
接受某人的意见
accept
/follow
/take
sb’s
advice
与……达成协议arrive
at
/come
to
/reach
an
agreement
with
进行急救
do
/give
/offer
first
aid
听到有人敲门/按铃而去开门
answer
the
door/bell
入睡；睡着
fall/drop
asleep
帮助某人give
/lend
/offer
assistance
to
sb.
试图做某事
make
an
attempt
at
(doing)
sth.
上学/上大学
attend
school
/college
吸引……的注意draw
/attract
/hold
/take
the
attention
of
（三）、“主语
＋
谓语
＋
间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构
这一句型的动词比较特殊，可以跟两个宾语，谓语动作的直接接受者和间接接受者，即直接宾语和间接宾语。
You
should
teach
children
the
traffic
rules.
主
谓
间接宾语
直接宾语
teach这个词有两个动作的承受者，但是“教”这个动作的直接承受者是the
traffic
rules,
间接宾语是children。这类句子写作主要是熟记常用的可以带双宾语的动词，这类词写作中常用的包括give,
pass,
lend,
write,
show,
send,
hand,
bring,
offer,
teach,
show等。
国际旅游给人们提供了了解不同文化的机会。
句子的主语为“International
tourism”；谓语为offer
sb.
sth.
/
offer
sth
to
sb.；直接宾语为a
chance，间接宾语为one/
people；to
understand
different
cultures则是“chance”的定语。句子整理为：
International
tourism
offers
one
a
chance
to
understand
different
cultures.
（四）、“主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语
＋
宾语补足语”结构
这一句型在写作时常用的是谓语动词为表示使动的make，即主语使宾语怎么样。注意常带补语的动词，如find/
see
/hear等词。还要记住一些固定后接-ing或to
do或形容词的动词。
例如：
房价飞涨，令人沮丧。
按照成分分析，这句话的核心为“房价使人沮丧”，时态用一般现在时，写成：
The
prices
of
houses
make
people
frustrated.
所谓“飞”，意思是“急剧上涨”，为名词“房价”的修饰语，即定语，所以“上涨”应该用形容词increasing，而“急剧”作为形容词increasing的修饰语，应该使用副词sharply，这句话变成：The
sharply
increasing
prices
of
houses
make
people
frustrated.
外出工作让母亲们没法照顾好孩子。
这是一个稍微难的句子，主语是“外出工作”，在主语的位置要用动名词，写成Working
outside；“让”不能写成let，要用make,
时态用一般现在时，故make要加s；make是及物动词，后跟宾语mothers,
“没法照顾好孩子”就成为宾语补足语，构成S+V+O+C的句型，宾语补足语用形容词结构unable
to
take
good
care
of
their
children。全句成为：
Working
outside
makes
women
unable
to
take
good
care
of
their
children.
也可以将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作让母亲们照顾好孩子成为不可能”，然后活用it作为形式宾语，将不定式后置。
Working
outside
makes
it
impossible
for
women
to
take
good
care
of
their
children.
当然，如果掌握的词汇够丰富，也可以用其他表达方式，使之成为“外出工作剥夺了母亲们照顾好孩子的机会”，使用deprive
sb.
of结构。
Working
outside
deprives
women
of
the
chance
to
take
good
care
of
their
children.
五、“主语
＋
系动词
＋
表语”结构
主系表结构，是很常见的一种句型。
1.
系动词be。
2.
表感官的系动词，如look,
sound，taste,
smell,
feel,
seem,
appear等。
3.
表变化的系动词，如become,
get,
turn,
grow,
come,
go,
fall,
run等。
4.
表持续的系动词，如remain,
keep,
stay,
stand,
rest,
lie,
hold等。
5.
可带名词作表语的系动词，如be,
become,
sound,
prove,
remain,
turn
(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如He
turned
teacher)等。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（B字母）
barrier
bother
burden
bachelor?
battle
brake
bury
baggage
bear
breed
ban
bandage
beat
bribe
bare
bounce
benefit
brigade
bargain
barber
blame
brief
browse
basis
block
brilliant
bullet
brand
boast
budget
bunch
bleed
bomb
bump
bulletin
botany?
boom
bully
brochure
bribe
一、指出下列句子中每段画横线部分的句子成分
1．The_judge
doesn't
consider
what
each
eyewitness
looks
like
or
where
that
person
lives
or
works.
________________________________________________________________________
2．To_my_surprise,_the_entrance
to_the_mine
was_closed.
________________________________________________________________________
Recently,
the_Russians_and_Germans
have_built
a_new_Amber_Room
at_the_summer_palace.
________________________________________________________________________
4.Later,
CatherineⅡ
had
the
Amber
Room
moved
to
a
palace
outside
St
Petersburg
where
she
spent
her
summers.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1.主语；谓语；宾语从句(1)；宾语从句(2)
2．状语；主语；(后置)定语；谓语
3．状语；主语；谓语；宾语；(地点)状语
4．状语；主语；谓语；宾语；宾补；状语；(后置定语)；定语从句
二、完成句子，每空一词
1．我很器重那些一直寻找琥珀屋的人。
I
________
________
________
those
________
________
been
searching
for
the
Amber
Room.
2．你认为琥珀屋应属于谁？
Who
do
you
think
the
Amber
Room
________
________？
3．我们还没有决定什么时候再讨论这个问题？
We
haven't
decided
________
________
________
the
question
again.
4．每天他被迫从早到晚工作。
Every
day
he
________
________
to
work
from
morning
till
night.
5．近来，我在学生中进行了一次调查。
Recently
I
________
________
a
survey
among
the
students.
答案：
1.think
highly
of;
who
have 2.belongs
to
3．when
to
discuss 4.is
forced
5．have
made
三、用五种句式完成句子
基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词
(
S
+
V
)
1.
他昨天早上起床很晚。
________________________________________________________
2.
那天晚上我们谈了很多。
________________________________________________________
3.
会议将持续两个小时。
________________________________________________________
4.
1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.(
the
May
Fourth
Movement)
_________________________________________________________
5.
这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)
_________________________________________________________
6.
五年前我住在北京。
_________________________________________________________
7.
在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
_________________________________________________________
基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语(
S
+
V
+O
)
1.
昨晚我写了一封信。
__________________________________________________________
2.
我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently
__________________________________________________________
3.
你介意我开窗户吗？
__________________________________________________________
4.
你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。
__________________________________________________________
5.
他指出我的作文中的错误。point
out,
composition
__________________________________________________________
6.
我们必须派人去请医生。
_________________________________________________________
7.
你在工作中可以依靠他。
__________________________________________________________
8.
写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go
over
__________________________________________________________
基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语(
S
+
V
+
C
)
1.我的兄弟都是大学生。
__________________________________________________________
2.
这本书是关于美国历史的书。
__________________________________________________________
3.
她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery
__________________________________________________________
4.
孩子们，请保持安静。
__________________________________________________________
5.
树叶已经变黄了。
__________________________________________________________
6.
这个报告听起来很有意思。
__________________________________________________________
7.
布朗夫人看起来很健康。
__________________________________________________________
8.
十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist
__________________________________________________________
基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(
S
+
V
+
IO
+
DO
)
1.
奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
__________________________________________________________
2.
请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary
_________________________________________________________
3.
我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
_________________________________________________________
4.
我替你叫辆出租车好吗？
__________________________________________________________
5.
这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
__________________________________________________________
6.
他把车票给列车员看。conductor
__________________________________________________________
基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
(
S
+
V
+
O
+
C
)
1.
我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider
__________________________________________________________
2.
我们把小偷释放了。set…free
__________________________________________________________
3.
他叫我们参加做游戏。
__________________________________________________________
4.
我要你把真相告诉我。
__________________________________________________________
5.
每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
__________________________________________________________
6.
那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。make…frightened
__________________________________________________________
7.
他每个月理一次发。
__________________________________________________________
8.
我们要使学校变得更美丽。
__________________________________________________________
参考答案：
基本句型（一）主语+
不及物动词
(
S
+
V
)
1.
He
got
up
very
late
yesterday
morning.
2.
That
evening
we
talked
a
great
deal.
3.
The
meeting
will
last
two
hours.
4.
The
May
Fourth
Movement
broke
out
in
Beijing
in
1919.
5.
This
box
weighs
five
kilos.
6.
I
lived
in
Beijing
five
years
ago.
7.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
home
town
in
the
past
ten
years.
基本句型（二）主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
(
S
+
V
+O
)
1.I
wrote
a
letter
last
night.
2.My
father
can
speak
English
fluently.
3.Do
you
mind
if
I
open
the
window?
4.You
must
finish
reading
these
books
in
two
weeks.
5.He
pointed
out
the
mistakes
in
my
composition.
6.We
must
send
for
a
doctor.
7.You
can
depend
on
him
in
your
work.
8.After
writing
a
composition,
we
must
go
over
it.
基本句型（三）主语
+
系动词
+
表语
(
S
+
V
+
C
)
1
My
brothers
are
all
college
students.
2
This
book
is
about
the
history
of
the
United
States.
3
Her
job
is
to
look
after
the
children
in
the
nursery.
4.
keep
quiet
please.
5.
The
leaves
have
turned
yellow.
6
The
report
sounds
interesting.
7.
Mrs.
Brown
looks
very
healthy.
8.
At
the
age
of
fifteen
he
became
a
famous
pianist.
基本句型（四）主语
+
及物动词
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
(
S
+
V
+
IO
+
DO
)
1.
Grandma
told
us
an
interesting
story
last
night.
2.
Would
you
please
pass
me
the
dictionary?
3.
My
father
has
bought
me
a
new
bike.
4.
Shall
I
call
you
a
taxi?
5.
This
term
I
have
written
my
parents
three
letters.
6.
He
showed
the
conductor
his
ticket.
基本句型（五）5.
主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
(
S
+
V
+
O
+
C
)
1.
All
of
us
consider
him
honest.
2.
We
have
set
the
thief
free.
3.
He
asked
us
to
join
in
the
game.
4.
I
want
you
to
tell
me
the
truth.
5.The
terrible
sound
made
the
children
frightened.
6.
He
has
his
hair
cut
once
a
month.
7.
We
will
make
our
school
more
beautiful.
高考核心词汇练习
1.With
the
development
of
West
China,
many
technicians
are
___
needed
there
in
recent
years.
A.
approximately
B.
barely
C.
badly
D.
hardly
2.In
order
to
save
every
cent
of
the
limited
family’s
expense,
she
had
to
________
with
the
shop
owner.
A.
calculate
B.
balance
C.
bargain
D.
argue
3.Poor
health
and
lack
of
money
may
both
be
________
to
educational
progress.
A.
bars
B.
bans
C.
bachelors
D.
barriers
4.It
is
obvious
that
there
is
no
scientific
___
for
the
belief
that
there
is
a
connection
between
luck
and
numbers.
A.
battery
B.
basement
C.
basis
D.
burden
5.I
am
writing
_________
my
mother
to
express
her
thanks
for
your
timely
help
and
kindness.
A.
on
behalf
of
B.
on
account
of
C.
in
honor
of
D.
on
the
basis
of
6.The
virtue
of
a
man
ought
to
be
measured
by
his
everyday
___________.
A.
behalf
B.
behaviour
C.
benefit
D.
belief
7.Cycling
is
highly
________
to
people
’
s
health
and
the
environment.
A.
basic
B.
beneficial
C.
awful
D.
suitable
8.A
clean
environment
can
help
the
city
_______
for
the
Olympics,
which
in
turn
will
promote
its
economic
development.
A.
bleed
B.
bless
C.
bid
D.
boast
9.Peter’s
sudden
death
was
a
great________
to
Mary
and
it
took
her
quite
a
while
to
get
over
the
grief.
A.
burden
B.
blame
C.
block
D.
blow
10.He
telephoned
the
travel
agency
to
___________
three
air
tickets
to
London.
A.
order
B.
bribe
C.
brand
D.
book
11.She
started
at
the
_______
and
worked
her
way
up
to
become
manager
of
the
company.
A.
breed
B.
basin
C.
branch
D.
bottom
12.I’m
very
sorry
to
have________
you
with
so
many
questions
on
such
an
occasion.
A.
bothered
B.
bowed
C.
browsed
D.
begged
13.At
that
time,
my
mind
was
a
complete
________;
I
couldn't
think
of
a
single
answer.
A.
blank
B.
bullet
C.
battle
D.
bump
14.The
old
man
is
used
to
sleeping
without
a
pillow
in
order
to
keep
his
back
from
________.
A.
bowing
B.
bending
C.
braking
D.
bouncing
15.After
a
long
debate
the_______was
passed
and
it
will
become
law
next
month.
A.
band
B.
booklet
C.
bill
D.
brigade
参考答案：
1~5
CCDCA
6~10
BBCDD
11~15
DAABC
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
A
Great
Friendship
Thomas
Jefferson
and
James
Madison
met
in
1776.
Could
it
have
been
any
other
year?
They
worked
together
and
started
to
further
American
Revolution
and
later
to
shape
the
official
new
plan
of
government,
____21____
(develop)
a
close
friendship,
which
lasted
for
50
years.
There
were
____22_____(share)
purposes
and
a
common
end
on
both
sides.
Four
and
a
half
months
____23___
he
died,
when
he
was
ill
and
worried
about
his
family,
Jefferson
wrote
to
his
longtime
friend.
His
words
and
Madison’s
reply
remind
us
that
friends
are
friends
till
death.
“The
friendship
which
_____24_____
(
exist)
between
us
for
half
a
century,
the
harmony
of
our
political
principles
and
pursuits
have
been
sources
of
constant
happiness
to
me
through
that
long
period.
It's
also
been
a
great
comfort
to
me
____25____
(believe)
that
you
are
engaged
in
vindicating(证实)
to
the
younger
generation
the
course
that
we’ve
pursued
for
preserving
to
them.
If
ever
the
earth
has
noticed
a
system
of
administration
conducted
with
____26____single
and
keen
eye
to
the
general
interest
and
happiness
of
those
committed
to,
it
must
be
the
system
protected
by
truth,
to
___27____
our
lives
have
been
devoted.
To
myself,
you
have
been
a
great
supporter
throughout
life.
Take
care
of
me
when
dead
and
be
assured
that
I
should
leave
with
you
my
last
Affections.”
A
week
later,
Madison
replied.
“You
cannot
look
back
____28____
the
long
period
of
our
private
friendship
and
political
harmony
with
more
affecting
recollections
than
I
do.
____29____
they
are
a
source
of
pleasure
to
you,
it
is
the
same
to
me.
We
cannot
be
deprived(失去)
of
the
happy
consciousness
of
the
pure
devotion
to
the
public
good
and
I
have
confidence
____30____
sufficient
evidence
will
find
its
way
to
another
generation
to
ensure,
after
we
are
gone,
whatever
of
justice
may
be
withheld
while
we
are
here.”
developing
22.
shared
23.
before
24.
has
exisited
25.
to
believe
26.a
which
28.
to/on
29.
If
30.that
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
probably
B.
attached
C.
respectively
D.
finalists
E.
beating
F.
sales
G.
amazing
H.
similar
I.
included
J.
contest
K.erase
Do
you
have
a
problem
with
the
messy
homework?
Good
news!
You
may
soon
be
able
to
solve
that,
thanks
to
Keagan
Bolibol
and
her
Problem
Pad.
Keagan
is
the
winner
of
the
Staples
Invention
Quest
for
kids,
a
(41)________
that
encourages
people
to
invent
helpful
office
products.
This
is
the
first
year
that
the
Invention
Quest
has
（42）________
a
category
for
kids.
“
I’m
very
excited,”
Keagan
told
Scholastic
News
Online.
“I
really
can’t
believe
I
actually
did
it.
From
the
moment
I
entered
it,
it’s
really
(43)________that
I
should
make
it
this
far.”
Keagan
was
one
of
the
five
(44)
_______
in
the
kids’
category.
She
is
a
fourth-grader
in
Woodinville,
Washington.
Keagan’s
Problem
Pad
is
(45)________
to
a
dry-erase
board
except
that
it
can
fit
into
a
notebook.
It
also
has
a
pen
(46)_______
to
the
bottom,
along
with
helpful
tools
like
a
multiplication
table
(乘法表).
Kids
can
use
the
Problem
Pad
to
do
their
homework
and
other
projects.
They
can
make
mistakes
and
then
(47)
________
them.
When
they
finally
get
them
right,
they
can
copy
their
work
on
a
clean
sheet
of
paper.
Keagan
received
a
$25,000
prize
for
her
invention,
(48)
________
thousands
of
other
kids.
If
her
product
is
produced
and
sold
in
Staples
stores,
she
can
also
receive
royalties（版税），part
of
the
money
made
from
(49)________
of
a
product.
“
I’m
(50)
________
going
to
donate
some
to
charities.
Then
the
rest
is
for
college,”
said
Keagan.
41-50:
J
I
G
D
H
B
KE
F
A
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:?For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
More
and
more
shoppers
are
buying
things
online
these
days,
allowing
them
to
avoid?
51?
salespeople
and
long
lines
at
checkout
counters.
In
spite
of
online
convenience,?
52
?,
there
are
some
items
—
like
clothes
—
that
customers
prefer
to?
53?
before
buying.
In
light
of
this,
two
companies
are
finding
ways
to
modernize
stores
and
54?
the
gap
between
online
and
in-store?retail?(零售).
A
software
company
that
also
happens
to
sell
designer
jeans,
Hointer
has
created
a
fast
and
painless
shopping?
55?
for
its
customers.
Shoppers
walk
into
a
Hointer
store
and
select
one
of
the
many
pairs
of
jeans?
56?
down
from
bars.
Then
they
point
their
smartphones
at
the
tag
and?
57
?the
Hointer
app,
after
which
they
select
the
size
and
press
“try
on.”
The
app
then
directs
them
to
a
specific
dressing
room.
German-made
robots
bring
out
the
58?
jeans
and
deliver
them
through
a?chute?(斜槽)
to
the
dressing
room
in
about
30
seconds.
Immediately
after?
59?
pairs
of
jeans
are
dropped
through
another
chute,
the
“outbox,”
they
disappear
from
the
list
in
the
app.
Purchases
at
Hointer
are
made
with
a?swipe?(刷卡)
of
a
credit
card.
And
interacting
with
a
salesperson
is
optional!
This
allows
Hointer
to
hire
fewer
people
and
focus
on
their
ultimate
goal:
developing
60?
that
supports
a
retail
revolution.
Men’s
clothing
retailer
Bonobos
has?
61?
a
more
personalized
shopping
experience.
Although
it
is
—
in
fact
—
an
online
retailer,
Bonobos
has
decided
to
open
a
handful
of
brick-and-mortar
stores
called
Guideshops.
Shoppers
make
a(n)?
62
?online
before
arriving
at
a
Guideshop,
where
they
receive
one-on-one?
63
?from
a
fitting
guide.
Because
these
shops
have
limited?inventories?(存货),
shoppers
aren’t
able
to
take
home
the
outfits
they
select.
But
guides
help
shoppers
make
online
purchases
before
they
leave,
after
which
the
items
will
be?
64
?to
customers
in
one
or
two
days.
While
Hointer
focuses
on
convenience,
Bonobos
Guideshops
focus
on
customer
service.
But
both
efforts
have
one
thing?
65?:
giving
clothing
retailers
a
new
look
for
the
21st?century.
A.
respectable?
B.
considerate?
C.
aggressive?
D.
violent
A.
however?
B.
therefore
?
C.
anyway?
D.
moreover
A.
convince?
B.
guarantee?
C.
ensure?
D.
examine
A.
break?
B.
bridge?
C.
shallow?
D.
deepen
A.
experience
?B.
process
?C.
direction?
D.
principle
A.
hiding?
B.
Hanging
?C.
Storing
?
D.
labeling
A.
start
?B.
upload?
C.
save?
D.
download
A.
desired?
B.
well-designed?
C.
promoted?
D.
well-prepared
A.
qualified?
B.
required?
C.
chosen?
D.
unwanted
A.
employment?
B.
efficiency
?
C.
technology?
D.
market
A.
come
up
with
?B.
looked
forward
to?
C.
looked
for
D.
brought
up
A.
decision?
B.
appointment?
C.
contribution
?
D.
impression
A.
contact?
B.
instruction
?C.
notice?
D.
attention
A.
presented?
B.
packaged?
C.
delivered?
D.
transferred
A.
in
conclusion?
B.
in
common?
C.
as
usual?
D.
in
general
51—55
CADBA
?56—60
BAADC?
61—65
ABDCB
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
A
Margaret,
married
with
two
small
children,
has
been
working
for
the
last
seven
years
as
a
night
cleaner,
cleaning
offices
in
a
big
building.
She
trained
as
a
nurse,
but
had
to
give
it
up
when
her
elder
child
became
seriously
ill.
“I
would
have
liked
to
go
back
to
it,
but
the
shifts
are
all
wrong
for
me,
as
I
have
to
be
home
to
get
the
children
up
and
off
to
school.”
So
she
works
as
a
cleaner
instead,
from
9
p.m.
till
6
a.m.
five
nights
a
week
for
just
?90,
before
tax
and
insurance.
“It’s
better
than
it
was
last
year,
but
I
still
think
that
people
who
work
‘unsocial
hours’
should
get
a
bit
extra.”
The
hours
she’s
chosen
to
work
mean
that
she
sees
plenty
of
the
children,
but
very
little
of
her
husband.
However,
she
doesn’t
think
that
puts
any
pressure
on
their
relationship.
Her
work
isn’t
physically
very
hard,
but
it’s
not
exactly
pleasant,
either.
“I
do
get
angry
with
people
who
leave
their
offices
like
a
place
for
raising
pigs.
If
they
realized
people
like
me
have
to
do
it,
perhaps
they’d
be
a
bit
more
careful.”
The
fact
that
she’s
working
all
night
doesn’t
worry
Margaret
at
all.
Unlike
some
dark
buildings
at
night,
the
building
where
she
works
is
fully
lit,
and
the
women
work
in
groups
of
three.
“Since
I’ve
got
to
be
here,
I
try
to
enjoy
myself—and
I
usually
do,
because
of
the
other
girls.
We
all
have
a
good
laugh,
so
the
time
never
drags.”
Another
challenge
Margaret
has
to
face
is
the
reaction
of
other
people
when
she
tells
them
what
she
does
for
a
living.
“They
think
you’re
a
cleaner
because
you
don’t
know
how
to
read
and
write,”
said
Margaret.
“I
used
to
think
what
my
parents
would
say
if
they
knew
what
I’d
been
doing,
but
I
don’t
think
that
way
any
more.
I
don’t
dislike
the
work
though
I
can’t
say
I’m
mad
about
it.”
66.
Margaret
quit
her
job
as
a
nurse
because
_______.
A.
she
wanted
to
earn
more
money
to
support
her
family
B.
she
had
suffered
a
lot
of
mental
pressure
C.
she
needed
the
right
time
to
look
after
her
children
D.
she
felt
tired
of
taking
care
of
patients
67.
Margaret
gets
angry
with
people
who
work
in
the
office
because
_______.
A.
they
never
clean
their
offices
B.
they
look
down
upon
cleaners
C.
they
never
do
their
work
carefully
D.
they
always
make
a
mess
in
their
offices
68.
When
at
work,
Margaret
feels
_______.
A.
light-hearted
because
of
her
fellow
workers
B.
happy
because
the
building
is
fully
lit
C.
tired
because
of
the
heavy
workload
D.
bored
because
time
passed
slowly
69.
The
underlined
part
in
the
last
paragraph
implies
that
Margaret’s
parents
would
_______.
A.
help
care
for
her
children
B.
regret
what
they
had
said
C.
show
sympathy
for
her
D.
feel
disappointed
in
her
66-69:
C
D
A
D
B
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For
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For
more
details
visithttp://www.productreviewjunction.com/Books.htm
70.
Which
website
should
you
visit
if
you
want
to
buy
some
cigarettes
as
presents
at
a
low
price?
A.
http://www.
electroniccigar.org
B.
http://www.
iicdmichigan.org
C.
http://www.productreviewjunction.com/Gifts
&
Flowers.htm
D.
http://www.productreviewjunction.com/Books.htm
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71.
Where
do
the
volunteers
get
training
before
taking
on
their
voluntary
work?
A.
Brazil
B.
Ecuador
C.
Congo
D.
America
72.
What
number
can
you
call
if
you
are
going
to
lose
weight?
A.
312-078-4860
B.
240-564-3268
C.
302-393-3126
D.
252-747-7024
73.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
All
the
ads
above
offer
contacting
ways
of
both
telephone
numbers
and
websites.
B.Consumers
can
find
and
enjoy
latest
coupons
whatever
they
buy
from
the
Internet
C.You
cann’t
consult
by
visiting
a
certain
website
for
mental
problems.
D.Discounts
and
Free
Shipping
offers
from
any
book
stores
in
America
whenever
you
shop
online.
70-73:
C
D
A
C
C
If
women
are
mercilessly
exploited
year
after
year,
they
have
only
themselves
to
blame
because
they
tremble
at
the
thought
of
being
seen
in
public
in
clothes
that
are
out
of
fashion;
they
are
always
taken
advantage
of
by
the
designers
and
big
stores.
Clothes
which
have
been
worn
only
a
few
times
have
to
be
put
aside
because
of
the
change
of
fashion.
Women
usually
stand
in
front
of
a
wardrobe
full
of
clothes,
announcing
sadly
that
she
has
nothing
to
wear.
Changing
fashions
are
nothing
more
than
the
international
creation
of
waste.
Many
women
spend
vast
sums
of
money
each
year
to
replace
clothes
that
have
hardly
been
worn.
Women
,
who
cannot
afford
to
throw
away
clothing
in
this
way,
waste
hours
of
their
time
altering
the
dresses
they
have.
Skirts
are
lengthened
or
shortened;
neck-lines
are
lowered
or
raised,
and
so
on.
No
one
can
claim
that
fashion
industry
contributes
anything
really
important
to
society.
Fashion
designers
are
rarely
concerned
with
vital
thing
like
warmth,
comfort
and
durability（持久性）.
They
are
only
interested
in
outward
appearance
and
they
take
advantage
of
the
fact
women
will
put
up
with
any
amount
of
discomfort,
as
long
as
they
look
right.
There
can
hardly
be
a
man
who
hasn’t
at
some
time
in
his
life
smiled
at
the
sight
of
a
woman
shaking
in
a
thin
dress
on
a
winter
day,
or
deliberately
picking
her
way
through
deep
snow
in
high-heeled
shoes.
When
comparing
men
and
women
in
the
matter
of
fashion,
the
conclusion
to
be
drawn
are
obvious.
Do
the
constantly
changing
fashions
of
women’s
clothes,
one
wonders,
reflect
qualities
of
inconstancy
and
instability?
Men
are
too
clever
to
let
themselves
be
cheated
by
fashion
designers.
Do
their
unchanging
styles
of
dress
reflect
basic
qualities
of
stability
and
reliability?
That
is
for
you
to
decide.
74.
Designers
and
big
stores
always
make
money
_______.
A.
by
mercilessly
exploiting
women
workers
in
the
clothing
industry.
B.
because
they
are
capable
of
predicting
new
fashions.
C.
by
constantly
changing
the
fashions
in
women’s
clothing
D.
because
they
attach
great
importance
to
quality
in
women’s
clothing.
75.
To
the
writer,
the
fact
that
women
put
aside
their
old-fashioned
dresses
is
seen
as
________.
A.
a
waste
of
money
B.
a
waste
of
time
C.
an
expression
of
taste
D.
an
expression
of
creativity
76.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
New
fashions
in
clothing
are
created
for
the
commercial
exploitation
of
women.
B.
The
constant
changes
in
women’s
clothing
reflect
their
strength
of
character.
C.
the
fashion
industry
makes
an
important
contribution
to
society.
D.
Fashion
designs
should
not
be
encouraged
since
they
are
only
welcomed
by
women.
77.
By
saying
“the
conclusion
to
be
drawn
are
obvious”,
the
writer
means
that________.
A.
women’s
inconstancy
in
their
choice
of
clothing
is
often
laughed
at.
B.
women
are
better
able
to
put
up
with
discomfort.
C.
men
are
also
exploited
greatly
by
fashion
designers.
D.
men
are
more
reasonable
in
the
matter
of
fashion.
74-77:
C
A
A
D
句子成份及五种基本句式
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
句子的成分
主要成分：主语
和
谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等
（一）主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首
Subject
表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名
词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
注意：在there
be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
例如：Tom
is
a
good
boy.
(名词)
We
often
speak
English
in
class.
(代词)
One-third
of
the
students
in
this
class
are
girls.
(数词)
To
swim
in
the
river
is
a
great
pleasure.
(不定式)
Smoking
does
harm
to
the
health.
(动名词)
The
rich
should
help
the
poor.
(名词化形容词)
When
we
are
going
to
have
an
English
test
has
not
been
decided.
(主语从句)
It
is
necessary
to
master
a
foreign
language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式)
（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、
Predicate
“是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下：
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如：
I
like
apples.
(
动词
)
He
practices
running
every
morning.
（动词短语）
复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成；
例如：You
may
keep
the
book
for
two
weeks.
He
has
caught
a
bad
cold.
（2）由（系动词+表语）构成。
We
are
having
a
quick
breakfast.
（三）
表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么”
Predicative
或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短
语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be,
keep,
remain,
become,
get.
grow,
turn,
look,
seem,
feel,
smell,
sound,
taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。
如：
My
mother
is
a
doctor.
(名词)
Is
it
yours?
(代词)
The
weather
has
turned
cold.
（形容词）
The
speech
is
exciting.
（现在分词）
The
door
is
closed.
（过去分词）
Three
times
seven
is
twenty
one.
（数词）
His
job
is
to
teach
English.
（不定式）
His
hobby
is
playing
football.
（动名词）
The
machine
must
be
out
of
order.（介词短语）
Time
is
up.
The
class
is
over.
(副词)
The
truth
is
that
he
has
never
been
abroad.
（表语从句）
（四）
宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物
Object
动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如：
They
went
to
see
an
exhibition
yesterday.
（名词）
The
heavy
rain
prevented
me
from
coming
to
school
on
time.
（代词）
How
many
dictionaries
do
you
have?
I
have
three.
（数词）
They
helped
the
old
with
their
housework
yesterday.
（名词化形容词）
He
pretended
not
to
see
me.
（不定式）
I
enjoy
listening
to
popular
music.
（动名词）
I
think
(that)
he
is
fit
for
this
job.
（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
<
1
>
双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：
Lend
me
your
dictionary,
please.
=Lend
your
dictionary
to
me,
please.
间宾
直宾
直宾
间宾
※
有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语
可带双宾语的动词有bring,
give,
show,
send,
pass,
tell,
lend,
offer,
buy,
make,
do等。
“七
给”
一
“带”
to不少,
“
买
”
画
“
制作”
for来了。
带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括如下：
1、“七给”(give,
pass,
lend,
write,
show,
send,
hand)和“带”(bring)
8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“
vt.
+
sth.
+
to
+
sb.”
如：He
lent
some
money
to
me.
类似动词的还有：get,
mail,
offer,pay,
promise,
read,
sell,
take,
teach等
2、“buy”
(买)
；“draw”
(画)
；“make”
(制作)
三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成
“vt.
+
sth.
+
for
+
sb.”。
如：Mother
bought
a
new
dress
for
me。
类似的动词还有：build，choose,
cook,
cut,
do,
find,
fix,
leave,
order等。
3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后
如：Richard
made
it
for
him。理查德为他做的这个东西
Give
it
to
me。把它给我
4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,
teach,
tell,
owe,
pay.
I
asked
John.
我问约翰
I
asked
a
question.
我问了一个问题
I
asked
John
a
question.我问了约翰一个问题
<
2
>复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如：
They
elected
him
their
monitor.
宾语
宾语补足语
（五）宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、
Object
Complement形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语
的句子成分，叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，
才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make,
let,
see,
find,
name等）
或介词（如with）+
宾语
+
宾补。例如：
His
father
named
him
Dong
Ming.
(名词)
They
painted
their
boat
white.
(形容词)
Let
the
fresh
air
in.
（副词）
I
ask
him
to
go
home
now.
(不定式)
We
saw
her
entering
the
room.
（现在分词）
He
found
the
door
locked.
（过去分词）
We
found
everything
in
the
lab
in
good
order.
（介词短语）
We
will
soon
make
our
city
what
your
city
is
now.
(从句)
主语补足语：对主语的补充
He
was
elected
monitor.
She
was
found
singing
in
the
next
room.
He
was
advised
to
teach
the
lazy
boy
a
lesson.
（六）
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Attributive
代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。
Guilin
is
a
beautiful
city.
（形容词）
China
is
a
developing
country.
（现在分词）
America
is
a
developed
country.
（过去分词）
There
are
thirty
women
teachers
in
our
school.
（名词）
His
maths
is
very
good.
（形容词性物主代词）
I
am
the
last
person
to
leave
the
classroom.
（不定式）
The
teaching
plan
for
next
term
has
been
worked
out.
（动名词）
He
is
reading
an
article
about
how
to
learn
German.
（介词短语）
You
should
do
everything
that
I
do.
（定语从句）
（七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、
Adverbial
地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副
词的词组或短语等来充当。如：
Light
travels
most
quickly.
(副词性词组)
He
has
lived
in
the
city
for
ten
years.
（介词短语）
He
is
proud
to
have
passed
the
national
college
entrance
examination.
(不定式)
He
is
in
the
room
making
a
model
plane.
(现在分词短语)
Wait
a
minute.
（名词）
Once
you
begin,
you
must
continue.
（状语从句）
状语种类：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、
伴随状语、比较状语等。如：
How
about
meeting
again
at
six?
（时间状语）
Last
night
he
didn’t
go
to
the
dance
party
because
of
the
rain.
（原因状语）
I
shall
go
there
if
it
doesn’t
rain.
（条件状语从句）
Mr.
Smith
lived
on
the
third
floor.
（地点状语）
She
put
the
eggs
into
the
basket
with
great
care.
（方式状语）
She
came
in
with
a
book
in
her
hand.
（伴随状语）
In
order
to
catch
up
with
the
others,
I
must
work
harder.
（目的状语）
He
was
so
tired
that
he
fell
asleep
immediately.
（结果状语从句）
She
works
very
hard
though
she
is
old.
（让步状语从句）
I
am
taller
than
he
is.
（比较状语从句）
五种基本句式
主语
＋
谓语
She
came．/
My
head
aches.
主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语
She
likes
English.
主语
＋
谓语
＋
间接宾语
＋
直接宾语
She
gave
John
a
book．
主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语
＋
宾语补足语
She
makes
her
mother
angry．
主语
＋
系动词
＋
表语
She
is
happy．
写作中常用的句子成分还有定语、状语和同位语。定语主要由形容词充当，放在名词或代词前修饰名词或代词，或者由介词短语充当，放在名词之后；状语由副词或者介词短语充当，修饰动词。同位语用于名词之后，起补充说明该名词意义的作用。这些成分都不是必不可少的成分，但是它们是扩展句子的非常重要的手段。
（一）、“主语
＋
谓语”结构
此处谓语动词要用不及物动词，也就是主语本身就可以完成谓语动词的动作，后面不需要跟一个该动作的承受者。例如：
在过去的二十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。
如果写成：Over
the
past
twenty
years,
China
has
happened
dramatic
changes.
句子显而易见是错误的，因为happen是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。汉语可以说“发生变化”，但是英语不能说“happen
changes”。
有以下几种说法可以替换：
Over
the
past
twenty
years,
China
has
witnessed（目睹，及物动词）dramatic
changes.
During
the
past
twenty
years,
China
has
seen
(看见，及物动词)
dramatic
changes.
Over
the
previous
twenty
years,
China
has
experienced
(经历，及物动词)
dramatic
changes.
Over
the
last
twenty
years,
China
has
undergone
(经历，及物动词)
dramatic
changes.
如果要用happen或者take
place,
必须说成：在过去的二十年里巨大的变化发生在中国。
写成：Over
the
past
twenty
years,
dramatic
changes
have
happened/
taken
place
in
China.
常见的不及物动词有happen,
break
out,
agree,
go,
work,
listen,
look,
come,
die,
belong,
fall,
exist,
arrive,
sit,
sail,
hurry,
fail,
succeed等，还有主要用于图表增减的词如fall,
drop,
increase等。
（二）、“主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语”结构
此处谓语动词要用及物动词，也就是主语发出的谓语动词的动作，后面必须要跟一个动作的承受者。及物动词就是词典或者词汇表中后面标有vt.（transitive
verb）的词。
Time
heals
all
wounds.
时间可以治愈一切伤痛。
其中Time
是主语，发出了heal这个动作,
而heal的对象，也就是heal这个动作的承受者是wounds。
The
tailor
makes
the
man.
人靠衣装，佛靠金装。
The
tailor发出了make这个动作，make的对象或者说make的承受者是the
man。
主谓宾句型跟中文顺序对应，大部分同学能够写得得心应手，建议考生在写作中重点使用。这一句型的基本要求是要记住大量的动宾搭配的地道表达方式，如：
增进理解
deepen
understanding
增强人们的环保意识
enhance
people’s
awareness
of
environmental
protection
采取措施
take
measures
提高人民生活水平
improve
people’s
standard
of
living
扩大知识面
enlarge
scope
of
knowledge
保护濒危动物
protect
endangered
species
赡养老年人
support/take
care
of
the
elderly
犯罪
commit
crimes
掌握语言技能
acquire
language
skills
取得成功/
实现目标achieve
success/
one’s
aim
发表演说
deliver
an
address
接受某人的意见
accept
/follow
/take
sb’s
advice
与……达成协议arrive
at
/come
to
/reach
an
agreement
with
进行急救
do
/give
/offer
first
aid
听到有人敲门/按铃而去开门
answer
the
door/bell
入睡；睡着
fall/drop
asleep
帮助某人give
/lend
/offer
assistance
to
sb.
试图做某事
make
an
attempt
at
(doing)
sth.
上学/上大学
attend
school
/college
吸引……的注意draw
/attract
/hold
/take
the
attention
of
（三）、“主语
＋
谓语
＋
间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构
这一句型的动词比较特殊，可以跟两个宾语，谓语动作的直接接受者和间接接受者，即直接宾语和间接宾语。
You
should
teach
children
the
traffic
rules.
主
谓
间接宾语
直接宾语
teach这个词有两个动作的承受者，但是“教”这个动作的直接承受者是the
traffic
rules,
间接宾语是children。这类句子写作主要是熟记常用的可以带双宾语的动词，这类词写作中常用的包括give,
pass,
lend,
write,
show,
send,
hand,
bring,
offer,
teach,
show等。
国际旅游给人们提供了了解不同文化的机会。
句子的主语为“International
tourism”；谓语为offer
sb.
sth.
/
offer
sth
to
sb.；直接宾语为a
chance，间接宾语为one/
people；to
understand
different
cultures则是“chance”的定语。句子整理为：
International
tourism
offers
one
a
chance
to
understand
different
cultures.
（四）、“主语
＋
谓语
＋
宾语
＋
宾语补足语”结构
这一句型在写作时常用的是谓语动词为表示使动的make，即主语使宾语怎么样。注意常带补语的动词，如find/
see
/hear等词。还要记住一些固定后接-ing或to
do或形容词的动词。
例如：
房价飞涨，令人沮丧。
按照成分分析，这句话的核心为“房价使人沮丧”，时态用一般现在时，写成：
The
prices
of
houses
make
people
frustrated.
所谓“飞”，意思是“急剧上涨”，为名词“房价”的修饰语，即定语，所以“上涨”应该用形容词increasing，而“急剧”作为形容词increasing的修饰语，应该使用副词sharply，这句话变成：The
sharply
increasing
prices
of
houses
make
people
frustrated.
外出工作让母亲们没法照顾好孩子。
这是一个稍微难的句子，主语是“外出工作”，在主语的位置要用动名词，写成Working
outside；“让”不能写成let，要用make,
时态用一般现在时，故make要加s；make是及物动词，后跟宾语mothers,
“没法照顾好孩子”就成为宾语补足语，构成S+V+O+C的句型，宾语补足语用形容词结构unable
to
take
good
care
of
their
children。全句成为：
Working
outside
makes
women
unable
to
take
good
care
of
their
children.
也可以将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作让母亲们照顾好孩子成为不可能”，然后活用it作为形式宾语，将不定式后置。
Working
outside
makes
it
impossible
for
women
to
take
good
care
of
their
children.
当然，如果掌握的词汇够丰富，也可以用其他表达方式，使之成为“外出工作剥夺了母亲们照顾好孩子的机会”，使用deprive
sb.
of结构。
Working
outside
deprives
women
of
the
chance
to
take
good
care
of
their
children.
五、“主语
＋
系动词
＋
表语”结构
主系表结构，是很常见的一种句型。
1.
系动词be。
2.
表感官的系动词，如look,
sound，taste,
smell,
feel,
seem,
appear等。
3.
表变化的系动词，如become,
get,
turn,
grow,
come,
go,
fall,
run等。
4.
表持续的系动词，如remain,
keep,
stay,
stand,
rest,
lie,
hold等。
5.
可带名词作表语的系动词，如be,
become,
sound,
prove,
remain,
turn
(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如He
turned
teacher)等。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（B字母）
barrier
bother
burden
bachelor?
battle
brake
bury
baggage
bear
breed
ban
bandage
beat
bribe
bare
bounce
benefit
brigade
bargain
barber
blame
brief
browse
basis
block
brilliant
bullet
brand
boast
budget
bunch
bleed
bomb
bump
bulletin
botany?
boom
bully
brochure
bribe
一、指出下列句子中每段画横线部分的句子成分
1．The_judge
doesn't
consider
what
each
eyewitness
looks
like
or
where
that
person
lives
or
works.
________________________________________________________________________
2．To_my_surprise,_the_entrance
to_the_mine
was_closed.
________________________________________________________________________
Recently,_the_Russians_and_Germans
have_built
a_new_Amber_Room
at_the_summer_palace.
________________________________________________________________________
4.Later,_Catherine_Ⅱ
had
the_Amber_Room
moved
to_a_palace
outside_St_Petersburg
where_she_spent_her_summers.
________________________________________________________________________
二、完成句子，每空一词
1．我很器重那些一直寻找琥珀屋的人。
I
________
________
________
those
________
________
been
searching
for
the
Amber
Room.
2．你认为琥珀屋应属于谁？
Who
do
you
think
the
Amber
Room
________
________？
3．我们还没有决定什么时候再讨论这个问题？
We
haven't
decided
________
________
________
the
question
again.
4．每天他被迫从早到晚工作。
Every
day
he
________
________
to
work
from
morning
till
night.
5．近来，我在学生中进行了一次调查。
Recently
I
________
________
a
survey
among
the
students.
三、用五种句式完成句子
基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词
(
S
+
V
)
1.
他昨天早上起床很晚。
________________________________________________________
2.
那天晚上我们谈了很多。
________________________________________________________
3.
会议将持续两个小时。
________________________________________________________
4.
1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.(
the
May
Fourth
Movement)
_________________________________________________________
5.
这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)
_________________________________________________________
6.
五年前我住在北京。
_________________________________________________________
7.
在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
_________________________________________________________
基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语(
S
+
V
+O
)
1.
昨晚我写了一封信。
__________________________________________________________
2.
我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently
__________________________________________________________
3.
你介意我开窗户吗？
__________________________________________________________
4.
你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。
__________________________________________________________
5.
他指出我的作文中的错误。point
out,
composition
__________________________________________________________
6.
我们必须派人去请医生。
_________________________________________________________
7.
你在工作中可以依靠他。
__________________________________________________________
8.
写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go
over
__________________________________________________________
基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语(
S
+
V
+
C
)
1.我的兄弟都是大学生。
__________________________________________________________
2.
这本书是关于美国历史的书。
__________________________________________________________
3.
她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery
__________________________________________________________
4.
孩子们，请保持安静。
__________________________________________________________
5.
树叶已经变黄了。
__________________________________________________________
6.
这个报告听起来很有意思。
__________________________________________________________
7.
布朗夫人看起来很健康。
__________________________________________________________
8.
十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist
__________________________________________________________
基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(
S
+
V
+
IO
+
DO
)
1.
奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
__________________________________________________________
2.
请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary
_________________________________________________________
3.
我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
_________________________________________________________
4.
我替你叫辆出租车好吗？
__________________________________________________________
5.
这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
__________________________________________________________
6.
他把车票给列车员看。conductor
__________________________________________________________
基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
(
S
+
V
+
O
+
C
)
1.
我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider
__________________________________________________________
2.
我们把小偷释放了。set…free
__________________________________________________________
3.
他叫我们参加做游戏。
__________________________________________________________
4.
我要你把真相告诉我。
__________________________________________________________
5.
每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
__________________________________________________________
6.
那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。make…frightened
__________________________________________________________
7.
他每个月理一次发。
__________________________________________________________
8.
我们要使学校变得更美丽。
__________________________________________________________
高考核心词汇练习
1.With
the
development
of
West
China,
many
technicians
are
___
needed
there
in
recent
years.
A.
approximately
B.
barely
C.
badly
D.
hardly
2.In
order
to
save
every
cent
of
the
limited
family’s
expense,
she
had
to
________
with
the
shop
owner.
A.
calculate
B.
balance
C.
bargain
D.
argue
3.Poor
health
and
lack
of
money
may
both
be
________
to
educational
progress.
A.
bars
B.
bans
C.
bachelors
D.
barriers
4.It
is
obvious
that
there
is
no
scientific
___
for
the
belief
that
there
is
a
connection
between
luck
and
numbers.
A.
battery
B.
basement
C.
basis
D.
burden
5.I
am
writing
_________
my
mother
to
express
her
thanks
for
your
timely
help
and
kindness.
A.
on
behalf
of
B.
on
account
of
C.
in
honor
of
D.
on
the
basis
of
6.The
virtue
of
a
man
ought
to
be
measured
by
his
everyday
___________.
A.
behalf
B.
behaviour
C.
benefit
D.
belief
7.Cycling
is
highly
________
to
people
’
s
health
and
the
environment.
A.
basic
B.
beneficial
C.
awful
D.
suitable
8.A
clean
environment
can
help
the
city
_______
for
the
Olympics,
which
in
turn
will
promote
its
economic
development.
A.
bleed
B.
bless
C.
bid
D.
boast
9.Peter’s
sudden
death
was
a
great________
to
Mary
and
it
took
her
quite
a
while
to
get
over
the
grief.
A.
burden
B.
blame
C.
block
D.
blow
10.He
telephoned
the
travel
agency
to
___________
three
air
tickets
to
London.
A.
order
B.
bribe
C.
brand
D.
book
11.She
started
at
the
_______
and
worked
her
way
up
to
become
manager
of
the
company.
A.
breed
B.
basin
C.
branch
D.
bottom
12.I’m
very
sorry
to
have________
you
with
so
many
questions
on
such
an
occasion.
A.
bothered
B.
bowed
C.
browsed
D.
begged
13.At
that
time,
my
mind
was
a
complete
________;
I
couldn't
think
of
a
single
answer.
A.
blank
B.
bullet
C.
battle
D.
bump
14.The
old
man
is
used
to
sleeping
without
a
pillow
in
order
to
keep
his
back
from
________.
A.
bowing
B.
bending
C.
braking
D.
bouncing
15.After
a
long
debate
the_______was
passed
and
it
will
become
law
next
month.
A.
band
B.
booklet
C.
bill
D.
brigade
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
A
Great
Friendship
Thomas
Jefferson
and
James
Madison
met
in
1776.
Could
it
have
been
any
other
year?
They
worked
together
and
started
to
further
American
Revolution
and
later
to
shape
the
official
new
plan
of
government,
____21____
(develop)
a
close
friendship,
which
lasted
for
50
years.
There
were
____22_____(share)
purposes
and
a
common
end
on
both
sides.
Four
and
a
half
months
____23___
he
died,
when
he
was
ill
and
worried
about
his
family,
Jefferson
wrote
to
his
longtime
friend.
His
words
and
Madison’s
reply
remind
us
that
friends
are
friends
till
death.
“The
friendship
which
_____24_____
(
exist)
between
us
for
half
a
century,
the
harmony
of
our
political
principles
and
pursuits
have
been
sources
of
constant
happiness
to
me
through
that
long
period.
It's
also
been
a
great
comfort
to
me
____25____
(believe)
that
you
are
engaged
in
vindicating(证实)
to
the
younger
generation
the
course
that
we’ve
pursued
for
preserving
to
them.
If
ever
the
earth
has
noticed
a
system
of
administration
conducted
with
____26____single
and
keen
eye
to
the
general
interest
and
happiness
of
those
committed
to,
it
must
be
the
system
protected
by
truth,
to
___27____
our
lives
have
been
devoted.
To
myself,
you
have
been
a
great
supporter
throughout
life.
Take
care
of
me
when
dead
and
be
assured
that
I
should
leave
with
you
my
last
Affections.”
A
week
later,
Madison
replied.
“You
cannot
look
back
____28____
the
long
period
of
our
private
friendship
and
political
harmony
with
more
affecting
recollections
than
I
do.
____29____
they
are
a
source
of
pleasure
to
you,
it
is
the
same
to
me.
We
cannot
be
deprived(失去)
of
the
happy
consciousness
of
the
pure
devotion
to
the
public
good
and
I
have
confidence
____30____
sufficient
evidence
will
find
its
way
to
another
generation
to
ensure,
after
we
are
gone,
whatever
of
justice
may
be
withheld
while
we
are
here.”
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
probably
B.
attached
C.
respectively
D.
finalists
E.
beating
F.
sales
G.
amazing
H.
similar
I.
included
J.
contest
K.erase
Do
you
have
a
problem
with
the
messy
homework?
Good
news!
You
may
soon
be
able
to
solve
that,
thanks
to
Keagan
Bolibol
and
her
Problem
Pad.
Keagan
is
the
winner
of
the
Staples
Invention
Quest
for
kids,
a
(41)________
that
encourages
people
to
invent
helpful
office
products.
This
is
the
first
year
that
the
Invention
Quest
has
（42）________
a
category
for
kids.
“
I’m
very
excited,”
Keagan
told
Scholastic
News
Online.
“I
really
can’t
believe
I
actually
did
it.
From
the
moment
I
entered
it,
it’s
really
(43)________that
I
should
make
it
this
far.”
Keagan
was
one
of
the
five
(44)
_______
in
the
kids’
category.
She
is
a
fourth-grader
in
Woodinville,
Washington.
Keagan’s
Problem
Pad
is
(45)________
to
a
dry-erase
board
except
that
it
can
fit
into
a
notebook.
It
also
has
a
pen
(46)_______
to
the
bottom,
along
with
helpful
tools
like
a
multiplication
table
(乘法表).
Kids
can
use
the
Problem
Pad
to
do
their
homework
and
other
projects.
They
can
make
mistakes
and
then
(47)
________
them.
When
they
finally
get
them
right,
they
can
copy
their
work
on
a
clean
sheet
of
paper.
Keagan
received
a
$25,000
prize
for
her
invention,
(48)
________
thousands
of
other
kids.
If
her
product
is
produced
and
sold
in
Staples
stores,
she
can
also
receive
royalties（版税），part
of
the
money
made
from
(49)________
of
a
product.
“
I’m
(50)
________
going
to
donate
some
to
charities.
Then
the
rest
is
for
college,”
said
Keagan.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:?For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
More
and
more
shoppers
are
buying
things
online
these
days,
allowing
them
to
avoid?
51?
salespeople
and
long
lines
at
checkout
counters.
In
spite
of
online
convenience,?
52
?,
there
are
some
items
—
like
clothes
—
that
customers
prefer
to?
53?
before
buying.
In
light
of
this,
two
companies
are
finding
ways
to
modernize
stores
and
54?
the
gap
between
online
and
in-store?retail?(零售).
A
software
company
that
also
happens
to
sell
designer
jeans,
Hointer
has
created
a
fast
and
painless
shopping?
55?
for
its
customers.
Shoppers
walk
into
a
Hointer
store
and
select
one
of
the
many
pairs
of
jeans?
56?
down
from
bars.
Then
they
point
their
smartphones
at
the
tag
and?
57
?the
Hointer
app,
after
which
they
select
the
size
and
press
“try
on.”
The
app
then
directs
them
to
a
specific
dressing
room.
German-made
robots
bring
out
the
58?
jeans
and
deliver
them
through
a?chute?(斜槽)
to
the
dressing
room
in
about
30
seconds.
Immediately
after?
59?
pairs
of
jeans
are
dropped
through
another
chute,
the
“outbox,”
they
disappear
from
the
list
in
the
app.
Purchases
at
Hointer
are
made
with
a?swipe?(刷卡)
of
a
credit
card.
And
interacting
with
a
salesperson
is
optional!
This
allows
Hointer
to
hire
fewer
people
and
focus
on
their
ultimate
goal:
developing
60?
that
supports
a
retail
revolution.
Men’s
clothing
retailer
Bonobos
has?
61?
a
more
personalized
shopping
experience.
Although
it
is
—
in
fact
—
an
online
retailer,
Bonobos
has
decided
to
open
a
handful
of
brick-and-mortar
stores
called
Guideshops.
Shoppers
make
a(n)?
62
?online
before
arriving
at
a
Guideshop,
where
they
receive
one-on-one?
63
?from
a
fitting
guide.
Because
these
shops
have
limited?inventories?(存货),
shoppers
aren’t
able
to
take
home
the
outfits
they
select.
But
guides
help
shoppers
make
online
purchases
before
they
leave,
after
which
the
items
will
be?
64
?to
customers
in
one
or
two
days.
While
Hointer
focuses
on
convenience,
Bonobos
Guideshops
focus
on
customer
service.
But
both
efforts
have
one
thing?
65?:
giving
clothing
retailers
a
new
look
for
the
21st?century.
A.
respectable?
B.
considerate?
C.
aggressive?
D.
violent
A.
however?
B.
therefore
?
C.
anyway?
D.
moreover
A.
convince?
B.
guarantee?
C.
ensure?
D.
examine
A.
break?
B.
bridge?
C.
shallow?
D.
deepen
A.
experience
?B.
process
?C.
direction?
D.
principle
A.
hiding?
B.
Hanging
?C.
Storing
?
D.
labeling
A.
start
?B.
upload?
C.
save?
D.
download
A.
desired?
B.
well-designed?
C.
promoted?
D.
well-prepared
A.
qualified?
B.
required?
C.
chosen?
D.
unwanted
A.
employment?
B.
efficiency
?
C.
technology?
D.
market
A.
come
up
with
?B.
looked
forward
to?
C.
looked
for
D.
brought
up
A.
decision?
B.
appointment?
C.
contribution
?
D.
impression
A.
contact?
B.
instruction
?C.
notice?
D.
attention
A.
presented?
B.
packaged?
C.
delivered?
D.
transferred
A.
in
conclusion?
B.
in
common?
C.
as
usual?
D.
in
general
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
A
Margaret,
married
with
two
small
children,
has
been
working
for
the
last
seven
years
as
a
night
cleaner,
cleaning
offices
in
a
big
building.
She
trained
as
a
nurse,
but
had
to
give
it
up
when
her
elder
child
became
seriously
ill.
“I
would
have
liked
to
go
back
to
it,
but
the
shifts
are
all
wrong
for
me,
as
I
have
to
be
home
to
get
the
children
up
and
off
to
school.”
So
she
works
as
a
cleaner
instead,
from
9
p.m.
till
6
a.m.
five
nights
a
week
for
just
?90,
before
tax
and
insurance.
“It’s
better
than
it
was
last
year,
but
I
still
think
that
people
who
work
‘unsocial
hours’
should
get
a
bit
extra.”
The
hours
she’s
chosen
to
work
mean
that
she
sees
plenty
of
the
children,
but
very
little
of
her
husband.
However,
she
doesn’t
think
that
puts
any
pressure
on
their
relationship.
Her
work
isn’t
physically
very
hard,
but
it’s
not
exactly
pleasant,
either.
“I
do
get
angry
with
people
who
leave
their
offices
like
a
place
for
raising
pigs.
If
they
realized
people
like
me
have
to
do
it,
perhaps
they’d
be
a
bit
more
careful.”
The
fact
that
she’s
working
all
night
doesn’t
worry
Margaret
at
all.
Unlike
some
dark
buildings
at
night,
the
building
where
she
works
is
fully
lit,
and
the
women
work
in
groups
of
three.
“Since
I’ve
got
to
be
here,
I
try
to
enjoy
myself—and
I
usually
do,
because
of
the
other
girls.
We
all
have
a
good
laugh,
so
the
time
never
drags.”
Another
challenge
Margaret
has
to
face
is
the
reaction
of
other
people
when
she
tells
them
what
she
does
for
a
living.
“They
think
you’re
a
cleaner
because
you
don’t
know
how
to
read
and
write,”
said
Margaret.
“I
used
to
think
what
my
parents
would
say
if
they
knew
what
I’d
been
doing,
but
I
don’t
think
that
way
any
more.
I
don’t
dislike
the
work
though
I
can’t
say
I’m
mad
about
it.”
66.
Margaret
quit
her
job
as
a
nurse
because
_______.
A.
she
wanted
to
earn
more
money
to
support
her
family
B.
she
had
suffered
a
lot
of
mental
pressure
C.
she
needed
the
right
time
to
look
after
her
children
D.
she
felt
tired
of
taking
care
of
patients
67.
Margaret
gets
angry
with
people
who
work
in
the
office
because
_______.
A.
they
never
clean
their
offices
B.
they
look
down
upon
cleaners
C.
they
never
do
their
work
carefully
D.
they
always
make
a
mess
in
their
offices
68.
When
at
work,
Margaret
feels
_______.
A.
light-hearted
because
of
her
fellow
workers
B.
happy
because
the
building
is
fully
lit
C.
tired
because
of
the
heavy
workload
D.
bored
because
time
passed
slowly
69.
The
underlined
part
in
the
last
paragraph
implies
that
Margaret’s
parents
would
_______.
A.
help
care
for
her
children
B.
regret
what
they
had
said
C.
show
sympathy
for
her
D.
feel
disappointed
in
her
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70.
Which
website
should
you
visit
if
you
want
to
buy
some
cigarettes
as
presents
at
a
low
price?
A.
http://www.
electroniccigar.org
B.
http://www.
iicdmichigan.org
C.
http://www.productreviewjunction.com/Gifts
&
Flowers.htm
D.
http://www.productreviewjunction.com/Books.htm
(?http:?/??/?www.productreviewjunction.com?/?Books.htm?)
71.
Where
do
the
volunteers
get
training
before
taking
on
their
voluntary
work?
A.
Brazil
B.
Ecuador
C.
Congo
D.
America
72.
What
number
can
you
call
if
you
are
going
to
lose
weight?
A.
312-078-4860
B.
240-564-3268
C.
302-393-3126
D.
252-747-7024
73.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
All
the
ads
above
offer
contacting
ways
of
both
telephone
numbers
and
websites.
B.Consumers
can
find
and
enjoy
latest
coupons
whatever
they
buy
from
the
Internet
C.You
cann’t
consult
by
visiting
a
certain
website
for
mental
problems.
D.Discounts
and
Free
Shipping
offers
from
any
book
stores
in
America
whenever
you
shop
online.
C
If
women
are
mercilessly
exploited
year
after
year,
they
have
only
themselves
to
blame
because
they
tremble
at
the
thought
of
being
seen
in
public
in
clothes
that
are
out
of
fashion;
they
are
always
taken
advantage
of
by
the
designers
and
big
stores.
Clothes
which
have
been
worn
only
a
few
times
have
to
be
put
aside
because
of
the
change
of
fashion.
Women
usually
stand
in
front
of
a
wardrobe
full
of
clothes,
announcing
sadly
that
she
has
nothing
to
wear.
Changing
fashions
are
nothing
more
than
the
international
creation
of
waste.
Many
women
spend
vast
sums
of
money
each
year
to
replace
clothes
that
have
hardly
been
worn.
Women
,
who
cannot
afford
to
throw
away
clothing
in
this
way,
waste
hours
of
their
time
altering
the
dresses
they
have.
Skirts
are
lengthened
or
shortened;
neck-lines
are
lowered
or
raised,
and
so
on.
No
one
can
claim
that
fashion
industry
contributes
anything
really
important
to
society.
Fashion
designers
are
rarely
concerned
with
vital
thing
like
warmth,
comfort
and
durability（持久性）.
They
are
only
interested
in
outward
appearance
and
they
take
advantage
of
the
fact
women
will
put
up
with
any
amount
of
discomfort,
as
long
as
they
look
right.
There
can
hardly
be
a
man
who
hasn’t
at
some
time
in
his
life
smiled
at
the
sight
of
a
woman
shaking
in
a
thin
dress
on
a
winter
day,
or
deliberately
picking
her
way
through
deep
snow
in
high-heeled
shoes.
When
comparing
men
and
women
in
the
matter
of
fashion,
the
conclusion
to
be
drawn
are
obvious.
Do
the
constantly
changing
fashions
of
women’s
clothes,
one
wonders,
reflect
qualities
of
inconstancy
and
instability?
Men
are
too
clever
to
let
themselves
be
cheated
by
fashion
designers.
Do
their
unchanging
styles
of
dress
reflect
basic
qualities
of
stability
and
reliability?
That
is
for
you
to
decide.
74.
Designers
and
big
stores
always
make
money
_______.
A.
by
mercilessly
exploiting
women
workers
in
the
clothing
industry.
B.
because
they
are
capable
of
predicting
new
fashions.
C.
by
constantly
changing
the
fashions
in
women’s
clothing
D.
because
they
attach
great
importance
to
quality
in
women’s
clothing.
75.
To
the
writer,
the
fact
that
women
put
aside
their
old-fashioned
dresses
is
seen
as
________.
A.
a
waste
of
money
B.
a
waste
of
time
C.
an
expression
of
taste
D.
an
expression
of
creativity
76.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
New
fashions
in
clothing
are
created
for
the
commercial
exploitation
of
women.
B.
The
constant
changes
in
women’s
clothing
reflect
their
strength
of
character.
C.
the
fashion
industry
makes
an
important
contribution
to
society.
D.
Fashion
designs
should
not
be
encouraged
since
they
are
only
welcomed
by
women.
77.
By
saying
“the
conclusion
to
be
drawn
are
obvious”,
the
writer
means
that________.
A.
women’s
inconstancy
in
their
choice
of
clothing
is
often
laughed
at.
B.
women
are
better
able
to
put
up
with
discomfort.
C.
men
are
also
exploited
greatly
by
fashion
designers.
D.
men
are
more
reasonable
in
the
matter
of
fashion.
句子成份及五种基本句式
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