Unit
2 Poems
你一定知道诗歌是一种重要的文学形式，那你知道诗歌有哪些基本特征吗？它又有哪些类型呢？
Poetry
is
one
of
the
important
art
forms
of
literature,
and
is
an
easy
way
to
express
our
feelings.
Moreover,
everyone
understands
it
in
his
or
her
own
way.
Some
find
relief
in
poems;
some
read
poems
simply
for
peace;
some
read
poems
for
simple
artistic
pleasure.
There
are
some
special
features
of
poetry,
which
make
it
quite
different
from
other
forms
of
literature.
First
of
all,
poems
have
rhythmic
patterns.
Generally
most
parts
of
a
poem
follow
the
same
form
of
rhythm.
Poems
may
have
rhyme,
but
they
don't
have
to.
The
lines
are
neatly
arranged
together
so
that
they
express
a
particular
feeling
or
emotion.
There
can
be
various
types
of
poems
but
according
to
the
pattern
or
the
form,
there
are
mainly
three
types：
Lyrics:
Lyrics
mainly
concentrate
on
human
thoughts
and
emotions
rather
than
a
story.
Lyrics
always
bear
song?like
appeal.
These
are
mainly
short
poems.
Popular
lyric
poem
forms
are
the
elegy,
the
ode
and
the
sonnet.
William
Shakespeare,
Edmund
Waller
and
Keats
are
some
of
the
greatest
lyric
writers
of
all
times.
Narrative
poems:
This
type
of
poetry
tells
a
story.
Narrative
poems
are
usually
long
poems.
Epics
and
ballads
fall
under
this
type.
Some
of
the
greatest
epic
poets
are
John
Mihon,
Dante,
Edgar
Allan
Poe,
Alexander
Pope,
William
Shakespeare，etc.
Dramatic
poems:
Any
drama
that
is
written
in
verse
is
a
dramatic
poem.
These
poems
generally
tell
a
story.
Blank
verse,
dramatic
monologue
(独白)
and
closet
drama
belong
to
this
type.
William
Shakespeare,
Christopher
Marlowe
and
Ben
Jonson
are
some
of
the
greatest
dramatic
poets.
Whatever
the
form
is,
one
thing,
which
cannot
be
denied,
is
that
poetry
is
one
of
the
most
powerful
tools
to
express
our
feelings.
根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
1．What
do
we
know
about
lyrics?
①They
are
similar
to
songs.
②They
usually
tell
stories.
③They
are
not
very
long.
④The
sonnet
is
a
type
of
lyrics.
A．①②③
B．②③④
C．①②④
D．①③④
答案：D
2．This
passage
is
written
mainly
to
________.
A．tell
us
some
simple
facts
about
poetry
B．teach
us
how
to
write
poems
C．give
us
some
advice
on
reading
poems
D．make
us
interested
in
poems
答案：A
3．The
reason
why
people
read
poems
is
that
some_find_relief
_in_poems;_some_read_poems_simply_for_peace;_some_read_poems_for_simple_artistic_pleasure.
4．The
most
important
feature
of
poetry
is
that
poems_have
_rhythmic_patterns.
Unit
2 Poems
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．convey
vt.传达；运送
2．transform
vt.&vi.转化，转换；改造；变换
3．pattern
n．模式；式样；图案
4．tick
vt.给……标记号
5．flexible
adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
6．concrete
adj.具体的
7．tease
vt.&vi.取笑；招惹；戏弄
8．branch
n．枝条；支流；部门
9．poetry
n．诗(总称)；诗意→poet
n．诗人→poem
n．诗；韵文
10．translation
n．翻译；译文→translate
n．翻译
11．eventually
adv.最后；终于→eventual
adj.最后的；最终的
12．salty
adj.含盐的；咸的→salt
n．盐
13．endless
adj.无穷的；无止境的→end
n．尽头
vi.结束
14．minimum
n．最低限度；最少量；最小数→(反义词)
maximum
n．最大限度；最大量；最大值
15．sorry
adj.悲伤的；难过的→sorrow
n．悲伤；悲痛；懊悔→sorrowful
adj.悲痛的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．make_a_list_of 列出……的名单
2．make_sense
讲得通；有意义
3．in_particular
尤其；特别
4．stay_up
熬夜
5．be_made_up_of
由……构成
6．take
it
easy
轻松；不紧张；从容
7．take
sth.
seriously
认真对待某事
8．run
out
(of)
用光；耗尽
9．be
popular
with
受……欢迎
10．transform...into
把……改为/变成……
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．There
are
various
reasons
why_people_write_poetry.
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。
2．The
poems
may
not
make_sense
and
even
seem
contradictory,
but
they
are_easy_to_learn_and_recite.
童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。
3．Some
rhyme
(like
B)
while_others
do
not
(like
C)．
有些清单诗有韵脚(如B)，但有一些没有(如C)。
4．And
said
though_strange
they
all
were
true.
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。
5．Should_the_traveller_return,_this
stone
would
utter
speech.
行人归来石应语。
6．With_so_many_different_forms_of_poetry_to_choose_from,_students
may
eventually
want
to
write
poems
of
their
own.
有了这么多诗歌类型可供选择，学生们最终也许想写自己的诗了。
1.图片记单词
2．联想记单词
“trans?”构成的单词
①transform
vi.&vt.转化，转换；改造；变换
②transplant
移植(器官，植物等)
③translate
翻译
④transport
运输；运送
3．构词法记单词
①translate
(v.)＋?ion(名词后缀)→translation
n.
②end
(n.)＋?less(否定后缀)→endless
adj.
③eventual
(adj.)＋?ly(副词后缀)→eventually
adv.
课文预读
A
FEW
SIMPLE
FORMS
OF
ENGLISH
POEMS
There
are
various
reasons
why
people
write
poetry①.
Some
poems
tell
a
story
or
describe
something
in
a
way
that
will
give
the
reader
a
strong
impression②.
Others
try
to
convey③
certain
emotions④.
Poets
use
many
different
forms
of
poetry
to
express
themselves.
In
this
text,
however,
we
will
look
at
a
few
of
the
simpler
forms.
Some
of
the
first
poetry
a
young
child
learns
in
English⑤
is
nursery
rhymes⑥.
These
rhymes
like
the
one
on
the
right
(A)
are
still
a
common
type
of
children's
poetry.
The
language
is
concrete⑦
but
imaginative,
and
they
delight
small
children
because
they
rhyme,
have
strong
rhythm
and
a
lot
of
repetition⑧.
The
poems
may
not
make
sense
and
even
seem
contradictory⑨，
but
they
are
easy
to
learn
and
recite.
By
playing
with
the
words
in
nursery
rhymes,
children
learn
about
language.
A
Hush⑩，
little
baby,
don't
say
a
word，
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
mockingbird?.
If
that
mockingbird
won't
sing，
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
diamond?
ring.
If
that
diamond
ring
turns
to?
brass?，
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
looking?glass.
If
that
looking?glass
gets
broke，
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
a
billy?goat?.
If
that
billy?goat
runs
away?，
Papa's
going
to
buy
you
another
today.
One
of
the
simplest
kinds
of
poems
are
those
like
B
and
C
that
list
things.
List
poems
have
a
flexible?
line
length
and
repeated
phrases
which
give
both
a
pattern?
and
a
rhythm
to
the
poem.
Some
rhyme
(like
B)
while
others
do
not
(like
C)?.
①why引导定语从句，修饰先行词various
reasons。关系副词在从句中作原因状语。
②that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a
way。关系代词that在从句中作主语。
③convey/k?n?veI/vt.传达；运送
④emotion/I?m???n/n.情感；情绪；感情
⑤a
young
child
learns
in
English是定语从句，修饰先行词the
first
poetry。关系代词that在从句中作宾语，被省略了。
⑥nursery
rhyme童谣
nursery/?n??s?rI/n.托儿所
⑦concrete/?k??kri?t/adj.具体的
⑧repetition/?repI?tI?n/n.重复；反复；循环
⑨contradictory/?k?ntr??dIkt?rI/adj.引起矛盾的；好反驳的
⑩hush/h??/vi.&vt.(使某人)安静下来
?mockingbird/?m?kI??b??d/n.嘲鸫(一种鸟，能模拟其他鸟的叫声)
?diamond/?daI?m?nd/n.钻石；菱形
?turn
to(使)变成；(使)转向
?brass/brɑ?s/n.黄铜；黄铜器
?billy?goat/?bIl?
g??t/n.公山羊
?run
away跑掉
?flexible/?fleks?bl/adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
?pattern/?p?tn/n.模式；式样；图案
?while“而；然而”，此处是并列连词，表示对比。
几首形式简单的英文诗
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗通过讲述一个故事或者描写某个事物给读者以深刻的印象。而有些(诗)则尽力传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同形式的诗来表达自己的情感。然而，在本文中，我们将研究几种形式比较简单的诗。
幼儿最早学习的英文诗是童谣。像右边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是一种常见的儿童诗的类型。童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，而且它们(这些童谣)能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并有较多重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
A
小宝宝，别说话，爸爸给你买嘲鸫。
小嘲鸫，不会唱，爸爸给你买钻戒。
钻石戒，变成铜，爸爸给你买镜子。
小镜子，打破了，爸爸给你买山羊。
小山羊，跑掉了，爸爸今天再买只。
有一些简单的诗是像(B)和(C)这样列举事物的。清单诗可长可短较为灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的固定句型和节奏。有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。
B
我看到鱼塘在燃烧
我看到鱼塘在燃烧，
我看到房子向地主哈腰，
我看到人有12英尺高，
我看到茅屋在天郊，
我看到气球用铅造，
我看到棺材把死人抛，
我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，
我看到两匹马儿绣花包，
我看到姑娘像只猫，
我看到小猫戴花帽，
我看到有人在一旁瞄，
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。
C
我们的第一场足球赛
我们本来会夺冠……
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
如果我们还有几分钟，
如果我们训练得更刻苦，
如果本把球传给了乔，
如果有大批球迷助威，
如果我死死盯住球，
如果我们前晚不熬夜，
如果我们没有放松警惕，
如果我们没有精疲力竭。
我们本来会夺冠……
如果我们能做得更好！
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫作五行诗。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅生动的画面。请看下一页上端的两个例子(D和E)。
D
兄弟
帅气，健壮
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
E
夏天
困乏，咸涩
干涸，枯萎，恐怖
周而复始
永无止境
F
落下的花朵
回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！
(荒木田守武)
G
雪儿融化了。
整个村庄到处是
欢乐的儿童。
(小林一茶)
俳句诗是一种日本诗，它由17个音节组成。它不是英语诗歌的传统形式，但是在英语诗人间，这种诗也很流行。它容易写就像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。上面两首俳句诗(F和G)就是从日文翻译过来的。
你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗——尤其是中国的唐诗。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。这首唐诗(H)就是从中文翻译过来的。
H
王建
望夫处，江悠悠，
化为石，不回头！
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。写诗可能比你认为的要容易，当然值得一试！
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Ⅰ.The
text
mainly
tells
us
about
some_simple_forms_of_English_
poems.
Ⅱ.Read
the
passage
and
then
match
the
poems
with
their
forms.
1．Poem
A a．List
poems
2．Poems
B
and
C
b．Tang
poems
3．Poems
D
and
E
c．Nursery
rhymes
4．Poems
F
and
G
d．Haiku
5．Poem
H
e．Cinquain
答案：1～5 c
a
e
d
b
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
true(T)
or
false(F)．
1．There
are
five
reasons
for
writing
English
poems.( F )
2．Poem
A
is
a
common
type
of
poetry
for
children
to
learn
about
language.( T )
3．Poem
C,
the
simplest
kind
of
poem,
has
a
fixed
line
length
and
repeated
phrases.( F )
4．The
cinquain
is
made
up
of
five
lines.( T )
5．Haiku
is
a
traditional
form
of
English
poetry.( F )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answers.
1．How
many
kinds
of
poems
does
the
passage
talk
about?
A．8.
B．7.
C．6.
D．5.
答案：D
2．Poem
A
is
about
________.
A．a
father
who
is
going
to
buy
his
baby
a
billy?goat
B．a
father
who
is
going
to
buy
his
baby
a
mockingbird
C．a
father
who
shows
his
love
for
his
baby
D．a
father
who
is
going
to
buy
his
baby
a
diamond
ring
答案：C
3．Which
two
poems
have
rhyming
lines?
A．Poems
A
and
B.
B．Poems
C
and
D.
C．Poems
E
and
F.
D．Poems
G
and
H.
答案：A
4．Which
two
poems
give
you
clear
pictures
in
your
mind?
A．Poems
A
and
C.
B．Poems
F
and
G.
C．Poems
B
and
D.
D．Poems
E
and
H.
答案：B
5．The
reason
why
the
players
in
Poem
C
lost
the
game
is
that
________.
A．they
stayed
up
too
late
the
night
before
B．they
didn't
have
thousands
of
fans
screaming
C．they
ran
out
of
energy
D．they
didn't
play
well
enough
答案：D
Task
Three：Micro?writing
There
are
various
reasons
why
people
write
poetry.
Some
poems
tell
__1__
story
or
describe
something
__2__
a
way
that
will
give
the
reader
a
strong
__3__
(impress).
Others
try
__4__
(convey)
certain
emotions.
Poets
use
many
different
forms
of
poems
to
express
__5__
(they).
In
this
text,
however,
we
will
look
at
a
few
of
the
__6__
(simple)
forms.
Some
of
the
first
poetry
a
young
child
__7__(learn)
in
English
is
nursery
rhymes.
Nursery
rhymes
__8__
the
one
on
the
right
are
still
a
common
type
of
children's
poetry.
They
delight
small
children
__9__
they
have
strong
rhythm
and
a
lot
of
repetition.
This
makes
them
easy
to
learn
and
to
recite.
By
__10__
(play)
with
the
words
in
nursery
rhymes,
children
learn
about
language.
1．a 2.in 3.impression 4.to_convey 5.themselves
6．simpler 7.learns 8.like 9.because 10.playing
1
(教材P10)Others
try
to
convey
certain
emotions.
有些诗则尽力传达某种感情。
convey
one's
feelings/thanks
to
sb.
向某人表达情感/谢意
convey
sth.to
sb.
向某人传达/运送……
convey
sth.from...to...
把某物从……传送到……
[即学即用]
(1)I
found
it
hard
to
convey
my
feelings
in
words
at
that
moment.
那时我觉得难以用言语表达我的情感。
(2)The
baggage
of
passengers
will
be
conveyed
by
bus
from
the
airport
to
your
hotel.
旅客的行李将由公共汽车从机场运送到旅馆。
(3)The
writer
hopes
that
this
poem
can
convey
a
sense
of
ease
and
relaxation
to
readers.
作者希望这首诗能够向读者传达一种自在和轻松的感受。
(4)语法填空
①In
this
letter,
I
would
like
to
convey
my
sincere
appreciation
to
you
for
your
help.
②They
took
a
more
reasonable
approach,
conveying
(convey)
to
their
children
how
success
at
school
could
improve
their
lives.
③The
message
conveyed
(convey)
in
her
speech
is
clear：“Actions
speak
louder
than
words.”
2
(教材P10)List
poems
have
a
flexible
line
length
and
repeated
phrases
which
give
both
a
pattern
and
a
rhythm
to
the
poem.
清单诗诗句的长短比较灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的模式和节奏。
flexibly
adv. 灵活地
flexibility
n.
灵活性；柔韧性；适应性
[即学即用]
(1)Leather
and
rubber
are
flexible
while
glass
and
iron
are
not.
皮革和橡胶都是易弯曲的，而玻璃和铁则不然。
(2)Everyone
should
learn
to
deal
with
things
as
flexibly
as
possible.
每个人都应尽可能学习灵活地处理事情。
(3)They
have
solved
the
problem
in
a
more_flexible
way.
他们已经用一种更灵活的方式解决了这个问题。
(4)We
appreciate
your
flexibility
in
dealing
with
this
matter.
我们非常欣赏您处理这件事的灵活性。
3
(教材P11)Teasing,
shouting,
laughing
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
tease
sb./sth. 取笑/戏弄某人/某物
tease
sb.about
sth.
拿……取笑某人或开玩笑
[即学即用]
(1)Kids
often
tease
each
other.
孩子们经常互相开玩笑。
(2)Don't
take
any
notice
of
Jack—he
is
a
big
tease.
不要搭理杰克——他特别爱戏弄人。
(3)Don't
get
upset;
I
was_just_teasing
then.
别难过，当时我只是在开玩笑。
(4)She
was
often
teased_about
her
weight
as
a
child.
小的时候她经常被别人取笑长得胖。
4
(教材P11)Never
looking
back，
Transformed
into
stone.
化为石，不回头。
transform
A
into
B 把A变成B
transform
sth.from
A
to
B
使……从A变成B
transformation
n.
改变；改革；转化
[即学即用]
(1)She
used
to
be
terribly
shy,
but
a
year
abroad
has
completely
transformed
her.
她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。
(2)When
the
new
road
was
built,
the
small
town
was
transformed
into
a
large
city.
新的公路建成之后，这个小镇就变成了一个大城市。
(3)That
country
is
transforming
from
a
backward
agricultural
country
into
an
advanced
industrial
country.
那个国家正在从落后的农业国变成先进的工业国。
(4)语法填空
①In
only
a
few
decades,
computer
technology
and
the
Internet
have_transformed
(transform)
the
way
people
live.
②Due
to
the
rapid
development
of
economy,
a
great
deal
of
cultivated
land
has_been_transformed
(transform)
into
residence,
roads
and
industry
area
in
recent
years.
5
(教材P11)loneliness joy love anger hate sorrow
孤独 欢乐 热爱 愤怒 憎恨 悲痛
express
one's
sorrow 表达某人的悲痛
in
sorrow
处于悲痛之中
to
one's
sorrow
令某人伤心的是
[即学即用]
(1)The
bitterest
thing
in
our
today's
sorrow
is
the
memory
of
our
yesterday's
joy.
我们今天的悲哀里最苦的东西，是我们昨天的欢乐的回忆。
(2)The
whole
nation
was
in
deep
sorrow
at
the
death
of
this
great
man.
这位伟人的去世使整个国家都沉浸在悲痛之中。
(3)To
his
sorrow,
his
whole
house
was
destroyed
in
the
earthquake.
令他悲伤的是，他的整座房子都在地震中毁掉了。
(4)People
are_in_deep_sorrow
at
the
news
that
a
plane
with
all
passengers
on
board
crashed
the
other
day.
听到前几天有一架飞机载着所有的乘客坠毁的消息后，人们感到非常悲痛。
1
(教材P10)．..if
we
hadn't
taken
it
easy...
……如果我们没有放松警惕……
take
things/it
easy 放松；休息；别过分劳累
take
sth.seriously
认真对待，认真考虑
take
one's
time
慢慢来；不急
take...for
granted
认为……理所当然
take
it
for
granted
that...
认为……理所当然
[即学即用]
(1)If
you
take
it
easy
for
a
while,
you
will
get
better
more
quickly.
如果你放松一段时间，你就会好得更快一些。
(2)You
have
done
quite
enough
work
for
today;
now
take
it
easy
for
an
hour.
你今天已经做了很多工作，现在来休息一个小时。
(3)Some
students
take_it_for_granted
that
their
parents
should
work
hard
to
raise
them.
一些学生认为他们的父母辛苦工作来养活他们是理所当然的事情。
(4)Don't
take_it_seriously
—
he's
only
teasing.
别把它当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。
(5)There
is
plenty
of
time
so
that
you
can
take_your_time
thinking.
时间很充裕，所以你可以慢慢考虑。
2
(教材P10)．..if
we
hadn't
run
out
of
energy.
……如果我们没有精疲力竭。
run
across 不期而遇
run
after
追逐，追求
run
away
跑掉
run
away
from
从……逃跑
[易混辨析]
run
out
of,
run
out,
use
up与give
out
短语
具体用法
run
out
of
“用完，耗尽”，主语通常是人，后接宾语(时间、金钱、食物等)
run
out
“用完，用光”，用主动形式表示被动含义，主语通常是物
use
up
“用完，吃光”，常用于被动语态
give
out
相当于run
out(用完，耗尽)；还有“分发，发出，筋疲力尽”等意思
[即学即用]
(1)We'd
just
reached
the
motorway
when
the
petrol
ran
out.
我们刚到达高速公路，汽油就用完了。
(2)I'm
running
out
of
petrol,
so
I
have
to
stop
at
the
next
filling
station.
我的汽油快用完了，所以不得不在下一个加油站停下来。
(3)Try
not
to
run
out
of
patience
with
the
old
lady.
She
has
enough
reasons
to
complain.
对那位老妇人不要失去耐心，她埋怨是有充分理由的。
(4)When
the
rescue
came,
their
water
and
food
had
run_out/given_out/been_used_up.
当救援到来时，他们的水和食物已经用光了。
3
(教材P10)Another
simple
form
of
poem
that
students
can
easily
write
is
the
cinquain,
a
poem
made
up
of
five
lines.
学生容易写的另外一种简体诗是由五行组成的，叫五行诗。
consist
of 由……组成(不能用于被动)
be
composed
of
由……组成
be
made
of
用……材料制成(可见材料)
be
made
from
用……材料制成(看不出材料)
make
up
组成；编造；化妆；和好
make
up
for
弥补
[即学即用]
(1)The
medical
team
is
made
up
of
five
doctors
and
ten
nurses.
＝The
medical
team
consists
of
five
doctors
and
ten
nurses.
＝Five
doctors
and
ten
nurses
make
up
the
medical
team.
这支医疗队是由5名医生和10名护士组成的。
(2)用make相关短语的适当形式填空
①The
cage
he
bought
last
week
is_made_of
tough
grass.
②You
are
not
telling
the
truth.
You
are
just
making_up
a
story.
③After
all
the
delays,
we
were
anxious
to
make_up_for
lost
time.
④This
collection
is_made_up_of
three
parts:
poems,
essays
and
short
stories.
4
(教材P11)Did
you
know
that
English
speakers
also
enjoy
other
forms
of
Asian
poetry
—
Tang
poems
from
China
in
particular?
你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗。
(1)particularly＝in
particular 特别；尤其
be
particular
about/over
对……讲究；挑剔
be
particular
to
为……所特有
(2)in
brief＝briefly
简而言之
in
general＝generally
通常，总的来说
in
short＝shortly
总之，简言之
in
total＝totally
总共，总的来说
in
public
公开地；在公众场合
[即学即用]
(1)—Is
there
anything
in
particular
you'd
like
for
dinner?
—No,
nothing
in
particular.
——正餐你有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？
——没有，什么都行。
(2)Don't
be
too
particular
about
what
you
eat
and
wear;
pay
more
attention
to
your
study
and
work.
不要太讲究吃穿，应该多注意学习和工作。
(3)The
house
itself
is
not
particularly
to
my
mind,
but
I
like
its
environment.
这房子本身并不特别合我的心意，但我喜欢它周围的环境。
(4)He
is_very_particular_about/over
having
his
breakfast
at
exactly
8
o'clock.
他对8点钟准时吃早餐这一习惯非常认真。
(5)The
whole
meal
was
good
and
the
wine
in_particular
was
excellent.
整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒棒极了。
1
ome
rhyme
?like
B?
while
others
do
not
?like
C?.
有些?清单诗?押韵?如B?，而有些不押韵?如C?。
(1)本句中while为并列连词，表示对比，意为“而；然而”。
①He
likes
playing
basketball,
while
I
like
listening
to
music.
他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，与延续性动词搭配。
②While_I_was_cooking,_the
children
were
playing
outside.
我在做饭时，孩子们都在外面玩。
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多放于句首。
③While_she_is_a_lovely_girl,_she
can
be
extremely
difficult
to
work
with.
虽然她是个可爱的女孩，但有时却极难与其共事。
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
④While_there_is_life,_there
is
hope.
只要生命存在，就有希望。
(5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。for
a
while
“一会儿”。
⑤She
likes
to
lie
down
for
a
while
after
lunch.
她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。
2
With
so
many
different
forms
of
poetry
to
choose
from，
students
may
eventually
want
to
write
poems
of
their
own.
有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。
句中的“With
so
many
different
forms
of
poetry
to
choose
from”为with的复合结构作状语。其结构如下：
①With
time
passing
by,
they
have
grown
into
big
boys
and
big
girls.
随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
②With
all
the
things
bought
(buy),
she
went
home
happily.
买了所有东西后，她高兴地回家了。
③With
several
problems
to_solve
(solve),
we
still
need
to
hold
another
meeting
as
soon
as
possible.
有一些问题尚待解决，因此我们还需尽快再召开一次会议。
④With
John
away,
we've
got
more
room.
约翰离开了，我们就有了更多的空间。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Our
every
emotion
and
mood
can
be_conveyed
(convey)
effectively
with
the
use
of
facial
expressions
and
body
language.
2．We
need
a
foreign
policy
that
is
more_flexible
(flexible)
than
this
one.
3．The
doctor
told
me
to
take
it
easy
for
a
few
weeks.
4．Thirty
boys
and
twenty
girls
make
up
the
class.
5．For
an
artist
who
has
no
lack
of
passion,
inspirations
of
his
art
will
never
run
out.
6．They
set
up
many
branches
(branch)
throughout
the
country.
7．Their
efforts
have
transformed
the
bald
hill
into
one
covered
with
green
trees
all
over.
8．Are
you
doing
anything
particular
(particularly)
tonight?
9．The
Arctic
has
a
varied
climate
while
the
Antarctic
climate
changes
little.
10．With
ten
minutes
to_go
(go),
you'd
better
hurry.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．In
this
letter,
I
would
like
to
convey_my_thanks_to_you
for
your
assistance.
对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您的感谢。
2．Take_it_easy,_and
you
will
be
all
right
in
a
couple
of
days.
别担心，过几天你就会痊愈的。
3．About
five
percent
of
the
US
population
is_made_up
_of/consists_of/is_composed_of
American
Indians.
美国人口的大约百分之五是由美国印第安人组成的。
4．Mothers
holding
jobs
outside
the
home
should_have_flexible_
schedules
to
make
it
easier
to
care
for
their
children.
在家庭外有工作的妈妈应该有灵活的工作时间表，这样她们照看孩子就能更容易些。
5．We
are
running_out_of
the
petrol.
We
must
find
a
gas
station
before
it
runs_out.
我们的汽油快用完了。我们得趁它还没用完，赶快找到加油站。
6．What
places
do
you
want
to
see
in_particular?
有没有什么您特别想去的地方？
7．Most
of
my
classmates
wanted
to
go
to
a
park
while_I_had
_an_idea_of_going_to_a_nicer_place.
大部分同学想去公园然而我有个去更好的地方的主意。
8．She
left
the
room
with
all_the_lights_on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。
PAGEUnit
2 Poems
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．forever
adv.永远
2．load
n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
3．bare
adj.赤裸的，光秃的；稀少的 n．最基本的要素
4．exchange
n．交换；交流；互换 vt.&vi.调换；交换
5．sponsor
n．赞助人；主办者；倡议者 vt.发起；举办；倡议
6．appropriate
adj.适当的，正当的
7．blank
n．空白 adj.空白的；茫然的
8．darkness
n．黑暗；漆黑→darken v．(使)变黑→dark adj.黑暗的
9．bride
n．新娘→bridegroom n．新郎
10．warmth
n．暖和；温暖→warm adj.暖和的；温暖的 vt.&vi.使变暖
11．pianist
n．钢琴家；钢琴师→piano n．钢琴
12．violinist
n．小提琴家；小提琴演奏者→violin n．小提琴
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．according_to 根据；按照
2．have_fun
玩得高兴
3．by_chance
碰巧；意外地
4．hold_on
别挂断；继续；坚持；保持
5．at
the
bottom
of
在……的底部
6．by
oneself
独自地；独立地
7．try
out
测试；试验；尝试
8．let
out
发出；放走；泄露
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Do
you
think
the
speaker
in
the
poem
is_more_likely_to_be
a
girlfriend/boyfriend
or
a
parent?
你认为诗中说话的人极可能是女朋友/男朋友或父母中的哪一位？
2．Till_you're_older
you'll
not
know
what
brave
young
smiles
can
mean.
等你长大成人以后，你才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。
3．Although
the
future
may
be
difficult
for
you,
whenever_you
_need_warmth_and_love,_remember
I'll
have
some
to
give
you.
尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
4．The
forms
I
liked
best
convey
their
meaning
by_using_the_
bare_minimum_of_words.
我最喜欢的方式是通过使用仅有的几个词来传达它们的意思。
1.联想记单词
稀少的(rare)头发变秃顶(bare)→bare
adj.光秃的，稀少的
2．构词法记单词
①warm
(adj.)＋?th(名词后缀)→warmth
n.
②champion
(n.)＋?ship(名词后缀)→championship
n.
课文预读
I'VE
SAVED
THE
SUMMER
I've
saved
the
summer
And
I
give
it
all
to
you
To
hold
on①
winter
mornings
When
the
snow
is
new.
I've
saved
some
sunlight
If
you
should②
ever
need
A
place
away
from
darkness③
Where
your
mind
can
feed④.
And
for
myself
I've
kept
your
smile
When
you
were
but⑤
nineteen，
Till
you're
older
you'll
not
know⑥
What
brave
young
smiles
can
mean.
I
know
no
answers⑦
To
help
you
on
your
way
The
answers
lie
somewhere
At
the
bottom
of
the
day⑧.
But
if
you've
a
need
for⑨
love
I'll
give
all
I
own
It
might
help
you
down⑩
the
road
Till
you've
found
your
own.
(by
Rod
McKuen)
①hold
on坚持住；挺住
hold
on还可作电话用语，意为“别挂电话；等一下”。
②should在此表示猜测或可能。
③darkness/?dɑ?knIs/n.黑暗；漆黑
④where引导的定语从句修饰先行词a
place。
⑤but＝only只有；仅仅
⑥till...not＝not...until直到……才……
⑦know
no
answers＝do
not
know
answers
不知道有什么办法
⑧at
the
bottom
of
the
day＝at
the
end
of
the
day
在一天结束的时候
⑨a/the
need
for对于……的需要
⑩down
prep.沿着
我将夏天珍藏
我将夏天珍藏，
全都交给了你。
当雪花儿初降时，
让冬天的早晨停住。
我把阳光珍藏，
以供你不时之需。
在那远离黑暗的地方，
你的心灵会得到滋养。
那年你才十九岁，
我就珍藏了你的微笑。
等你长大成人以后，
才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。
我不知道有什么办法，
帮你踏上你人生的旅程。
答案也许就在某处，
在白天结束的那个时辰。
但是如果你需要爱，
我会献上我的所有，
它也许能帮你踏上旅程，
直到你也找到属于你的爱。
(罗德·麦丘恩)
课文理解
Step
1 Read
the
text
and
answer
the
following
question.
Who
is
the
speaker
in
the
poem
and
who
is
he/she
speaking
to?
Give
reasons
to
support
your
answer.
A_parent_(mother_or_father)_speaking_to_a_young_adult_child._He_is_speaking_to_his_son._Reasons:_Firstly,_the_parent_sends_his_son_warmth_of_the_summer._Secondly,_he_leads_his_son_to_brightness._Thirdly,_he_teaches_the_son_to_be_brave._Finally,_he_would_give_the_son_all_his_love_to_help_him_on_the_way._All_these_show_the_great_and_selfless_love_of_a_parent.
Step
2 Choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
poem.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
closest
to
the
speaker's
message?
A．If
it's
cold,
I'll
warm
you;
if
it's
dark,
I'll
give
you
light;
if
you're
hungry,
I'll
feed
you;
if
you
want
to
love,
I'll
give
it
to
you.
B．Although
the
future
may
be
difficult
for
you,
whenever
you
need
warmth
and
love,
remember
I'll
have
some
to
give
you.
C．While
you're
away
I'll
remember
your
smile
and
I'll
love
you
always.
When
you
return,
I
hope
you
will
love
me.
答案：B
1
(教材P13)Match
the
beginning
of
each
sentence
with
the
appropriate
ending.
给每个句子的开头连接一个恰当的结尾。
(1)be
appropriate
to/for
sth. 对……来说是适当的
It
is
appropriate
that
sb.(should)
do
sth.
某人做……是恰当的
It
is
appropriate
for
sb.to
do
sth.
适合某人做某事
(2)appropriately
adv.
适当地
[即学即用]
①She
picked
up
a
dress
appropriate
for
the
occasion.
她挑了一件适合该场合穿的衣服。
②It
is
entirely
appropriate
that
his
music
(should)_be_played
(play)
at
the
festival.
他的音乐在这个节日里演奏是完全合适的。
③It
is
clearly
not
appropriate
for
a
student
to
litter
and
scribble
about.
对于一个学生来说，到处乱丢垃圾、乱写乱画很明显是不合适的。
[名师点津]
与appropriate近义的词还有：
①proper适合的；正确的 ②fit适合的；合身的
③suitable合适的
2
(教材P13)If
there
had
not
been
an
exchange
programme,
he
would
not
have
found
a
sponsor
to
help
him
study
abroad.
如果没有交换生项目，他将找不到帮助他出国留学的赞助者。
in
exchange
(for...) 作为交换(……)
exchange
sth.for
sth.
以……交换……
exchange
sth.with
sb.
与某人交换某物
[即学即用]
①He
gave
me
an
apple
in
exchange
for
a
piece
of
cake.
他给了我一个苹果换一块蛋糕。
②I've
just
bought
this
tie,
but
can
I
exchange
it
for
that
one?
我刚买了这条领带，可不可以换成那条呢？
③I
want
students
to
thoroughly
study
the
material
and
exchange
their
ideas
with
each
other
in
the
classroom.
在课堂上，我希望学生能彻底地学习这些材料，并互相交流意见。
3
sponsor
n.
赞助人；发起者；倡议人 vt.
赞助；倡议；发起；举办
(教材P13)If
there
had
not
been
an
exchange
programme,
he
would
not
have
found
a
sponsor
to
help
him
study
abroad.
如果没有交换生项目，他将找不到帮助他出国留学的赞助者。
[即学即用]
写出下列句中sponsor的含义
①She
got
a
family
friend
in
London
to
agree
to
be
her
sponsor.赞助人
②He
sponsored
the
plan
at
the
meeting.倡议
③The
firm
is
sponsoring
an
engineering
student
at
the
university.资助
④The
key
university
in
Shanghai
will
sponsor
the
important
meeting.举办
4
load
n.
负担；负荷物?尤指沉重的? v.
装载；加重；把弹药装入?枪炮?
(教材P16)Slowly
the
old
man
carries
his
load.
慢慢地，老人挑起他的重担。
(1)n.负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
a
load
of＝loads
of 许多(后接可数/不可数名词)
take
a
load
off
one's
mind
消除某人的精神负担
[即学即用]
①The
truck
was
carrying
a
load
of
apples.
这辆卡车装着好多苹果。
②It
takes
a
load
off
my
mind
to
leave
the
child
in
your
charge.
把孩子托付给你我就放心了。
(2)v.装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪炮)
load
sth./sb.with
sth.用……装载……/使负担
load
sth.into/onto
sb./sth.
把……装入(到)……/使负担
load
up
装载货物
[即学即用]
③Have
you
finished
loading
up?
你装完了没有？
④We
loaded
the
truck
with
bananas.
我们把香蕉装上卡车。
⑤Often
this
earliest
form
of
advertising
involved
a
newly
arrived
ship
loaded
(load)
with
goods.
通常，早期的广告形式涉及新到港的载满货物的船。
[Word
family]
1
(教材P15)I
think
I'll
try
out
his
way
too
some
time.
我想今后也试试他的方法。
①The
government
of
the
USA
is
trying
out
a
new
method
to
solve
the
economic
crisis.
美国政府正在尝试新的方法解决经济危机。
②Try
out
the
new
medicine
for
a
year
and
we'll
see
how
well
it
works.
这种新药试用一年，我们就会知道它的效用有多大。
try
one's
best 尽最大努力
try
on
试穿
try
out
for
参加……的选拔
[即学即用]
③These
teams
are
going
to
try
out
for
the
Olympic
Games.
这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。
④I'd
like
to
try
on
that
blue
wool
coat.
我想试穿那件蓝色的毛外套。
2
(教材P16)Slowly
the
blackbird
lets
out
a
cry.
慢慢地，黑鹂发出叫声。
let
alone 更不用说
let
sth./sb.in
让某物/某人进来
let
sb.down
使某人失望；不能支持某人
let
go
放开；放手
[即学即用]
写出下列句中let
out的含义
①Hearing
the
good
news,
the
boy
let
out
a
cry
of
joy.发出
②Don't
let
out
the
plan
to
the
press.泄露
③When
the
bird
gets
well,
we
will
let
it
out.放走
完成句子
④He
hasn't
got
a
television,
let_alone
a
video
camera.
他连电视机都没有，更别提摄像机了。
⑤He
let
his
fans
down
because
he
failed
to
win
the
championship.
他由于没能赢得冠军而让他的球迷感到失望。
Although
the
future
may
be
difficult
for
you，
whenever
you
need
warmth
and
love，
remember
I'll
have
some
to
give
you.
尽管未来对你来说也许是艰难的，但无论你什么时候需要温暖与爱，记住我都会给你。
whenever意为“无论何时”，在句中引导让步状语从句。
①Compared
with
many
abstract
objectives,
practical
ones
can
bring
us
more
courage
and
confidence
whenever
we
make
one
step
forward.
和抽象的目标相比较，切实可行的目标在我们前进的时候能够给我们带来更多的勇气和信心。
(1)引导让步状语从句
(2)whatever,
whichever,
who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。
(3)no
matter
what,
no
matter
which,
no
matter
who(m)只引导让步状语从句。
②Only
when
we
match
our
words
with
actions
can
we
make
a
difference
in
whatever
we
hope
to
accomplish.
只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望完成的事情产生影响。
③Whichever/No_matter_which
road
you
take,
it
will
lead
you
to
the
station.
无论你走哪一条路都会到车站。
④Don't
worry.
You
can
leave
it
to
whoever
is
in
charge
of
the
fund
raising
activities.
别担心。你可以把它留给任何一位负责募集资金活动的人。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If
the
course
fails
to
provide
complete
satisfaction
to
you,
you
can
easily
exchange
it
for
any
other
course
that
we
offer.
2．When
she
saw
him,
she
let
out
a
cry
of
horror.
3．Theater
owner
Ed
Bradford
said
he
chose
the
movie
because
it
seemed
appropriate
(appropriately)．
4．The
method
seems
so
good
that
he
wants
to
try
it
out.
5．The
processes
take
place
to
stop
our
brains
becoming
loaded
with
memories.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．Sports
clothes
are_not_appropriate_for
a
formal
wedding.
运动服不适合在正式婚礼中穿。
2．We
students
should_often_exchange_ideas_with_our_parents,_
who
are
rich
in
experience,
and
above
all,
love
us
most
in
the
world.
我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，而且最重要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。
3．As
far
as
we're
concerned,
you
can
go
whenever_you_want.
就我们而言，你们想走随时都可以走。
4．Life
is
like
a
train
loaded_with_passengers,_each
man
to
his
destination.
生活就像装满乘客的列车，每个人都有自己的终点站。
5．I
can
tell
you
the
truth,
but
you
must
promise
not_to_let_out
_the_secret.
我可以告诉你真相，但是你要承诺不要泄露秘密。
6．The
inventor
is
excited,
and
he
is
going
to
try_out_his_new
_machine.
这位发明家很兴奋，他要试一下他的新机器。
PAGEUnit
2 Poems
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
一、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
从句
主句
if＋主语＋had＋过去分词
主语＋should/would/could/might
have＋过去分词
如：If
the
weather
had
been
nice
yesterday,
we
would
have
gone
for
a
picnic.
如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。
If
you
had
come
earlier,
you
could
have
caught
the
bus.
如果你早一点儿来的话，你就能赶上公交车了。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1．宾语从句
(1)在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持(advise,
command,
demand,
decide,
desire,
insist,
order,
prefer,
propose,
request,
require,
suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中在美式英语中，should常省略。如：
The
doctor
advised
that
he
change
his
job.
医生建议他换工作。
【温馨提示】
当suggest表示“暗示、表明”以及insist表示“坚持认为、坚持说”时，其后宾语从句表示一种事实，故不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。如：
He
insisted
that
he
had
never
stolen
the
money.
他坚持说自己没有偷钱。
【巧学助记】
一坚持(insist)二命令(order,
command)三建议(advise,
suggest,
propose)四要求(demand,
require,
request,
desire)
(2)“wish＋宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……；悔不该……；但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could＋动词原形”；表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had＋过去分词”。如：
I
wish
I
were
better?looking.
要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。
I
wish
I
had
met
the
film
star
just
now.
我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！
I
wish
I
would
be
a
soldier.
我希望自己做一名军人。
2．主语从句
(1)在It
is＋形容词(important,
necessary,
good,
right,
wrong,
better,
natural,
proper,
funny,
strange,
surprising)＋that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)＋动词原形”的结构。如：
It
is
natural
that
she
(should)
do
so.
很自然她应该这样做。
(2)It
be＋过去分词＋that...(should)．..。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired,
suggested,
requested,
ordered,
proposed等。如：
It
is
desired
that
the
building
of
the
house
be
completed
next
month.
真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。
(3)用于“It
is/was＋名词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中，常见的名词有①表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组：a
surprise,
a
pity,
a
shame,
a
wonder等。②表示“请求、命令、建议、决心”等意义的名词：advice,
demand,
decision,
order,
proposal,
requirement,
suggestion等。如：
It
was
a
surprise
that
she
should
resign
from
such
a
position.
让人惊讶的是，她竟然从这样一个岗位上离开了。
3．表语从句
(1)用于as
if,
as
though引导的表语从句中，as
if/as
though引导的表语从句如果表示事实或接近事实，则其谓语动词用真实语气。
【温馨提示】
对现在或将来的虚拟：用一般过去时(did/were)。对过去的虚拟：用过去完成时(had
done)。如：
The
woman
appeared
as
if
she
were
their
mother.
这个女人就好像是他们的妈妈一样。
He
looked
as
if
he
had
known
the
result.
他看上去好像已经知道了这一结果一样。
(2)as
if/as
though引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。
(3)表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词。如：advice,
idea,
order,
demand,
plan,
proposal,
suggestion,
request，其后所接的表语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如：
My
suggestion
is
that
the
meeting
shouldn't
be
put
off.
我的建议是不应该推迟会议。
4．同位语从句
与表示“决定、主张、建议、要求、命令”等的动词相对应的名词如decision,
idea,
advice,
order,
demand,
plan,
proposal,
suggestion,
request,
requirement等，其后所接的同位语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如：
He
made
a
suggestion
that
they
should
hold
an
English
speech
contest.
他提议他们举行一次英语演讲比赛。
三、其他形式的虚拟语气
1．“It's
time
that...”句型中的虚拟语气
在“It's
time
that...”句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should＋动词原形，意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：
It's
high
time
that
we
were
off.
是我们该走的时候了。
2．在would
rather，would
(just)
as
soon,
would
sooner和would
prefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，表示过去的情况。如：
I'd
rather
you
left
tomorrow.
我更希望你明天再走。
I
would
just
as
soon
you
had
told
me
the
truth
yesterday.
要是你昨天告诉我真相就好了。
I
would
rather
have
bought
the
dictionary.
我要是买了那本字典该多好。
表示“祝愿”时，常用“may＋主语＋动词原形＋其他”。如：
May
you
have
a
good
journey!
祝你一路顺风！
May
your
youth
last
forever!
祝你青春永驻！
Ⅰ.同义句转换
1．You
didn't
see
the
doctor
in
time.
Therefore,
you
have
a
worse
cold
now.
→You
wouldn't_have_had
a
worse
cold
if
you
had
seen
the
doctor
in
time.
2．All
the
students
must
wear
school
uniforms,
which
is
required
in
the
school
rules.
→It
is
required
that
all
the
students
(should)_wear
school
uniforms.
3．It's
time
for
you
to
go
to
bed.
→It's
high
time
that
you_went/should_go
to
bed.
4．We
were
willing
to
face
the
difficulty
together,
but
why
didn't
you
tell
us?
→We
could_have_faced
the
difficulty
together
if
you
had
told
us.
5．The
regularly?closed
back
door
of
the
room
is
open
now,
which
is
really
strange.
→It's
really
strange
that
the
regularly?closed
back
door
of
the
room
(should)_be_open
now.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．If
only
I
had_looked
(look)
ahead
a
few
days
ago!
Then
I
wouldn't
have
been
feeling
so
worried.
2．It's
high
time
that
we
did/should_do
(do)
morning
exercises.
3．Teachers
recommend
parents
shouldn't_allow
(not
allow)
their
children
under
12
to
ride
bicycles
to
school
for
safety.
4．It
is
strange
that
he
should_have_finished
(finish)
homework
now.
It
is
only
7
o'clock.
5．It
is
necessary
that
he
(should)_come
(come)
in
time
to
attend
the
meeting.
6．Jane's
pale
face
suggested
that
she
was
(be)
ill,
and
her
parents
suggested
that
she
(should)_have
(have)
a
medical
examination.
7．They
talked
as
if
they
had_been
(be)
friends
for
years.
8．It
is
a
pity
that
you
should_have_missed
(miss)
the
film.
9．So
I
suggest
that
you
(should)_take
(take)
your
friends'
advice.
10．After
we
landed,
as
passengers
streamed
past
us,
I
insisted
that
the
lady
(should)_move
(move)
aside
while
awaiting
her
wheelchair.
Ⅲ.句型训练
1．He
talks
about
Rome
as_if_he_had_been_there_before
(好像他以前去过似的)．
2．It's
high
time
that_we_went/should_go_home
(我们该回家)．
3．I
would
rather
you
had_told_me_the_truth
(已经告诉我真相)yesterday.
4．My
suggestion
is
that
we
should_go_there_at_once
(应该马上去那儿)．
5．It
is
necessary
that
I
(should)_return_it_immediately
(马上把它还回去)．
PAGEUnit
2 Poems
Section
Ⅳ Writing——改写诗歌
本单元的写作任务是诗歌改写。改写是用不同形式表达同一内容，使之成为与原文意思相同而表达方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，也可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文的内容。
一、基本结构
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，具体如下：
第一段：简要介绍诗歌的作者及内容。
第二段：详细论述诗歌的主题。
第三段：启迪与感想。
二、注意事项
1．改写必须忠实于原作的中心思想。这就要求想象和联想要符合原作精神，不能任意想象，扯得漫无边际。
2．改写要注意创作性。改写是再创作的过程。作者并不是单纯地翻译诗歌，不能仅就诗歌的内容进行简单的扩充，而是要进一步展开种种想象，使人物形象有血有肉，栩栩如生，使故事情节更加完整生动。
3．改写时可以插入丰富的想象，将原来文中没有的东西，如人物的表情、动作、语言、神态和行为等都加进去，在不改变原作主题思想的基础上，写成一篇完整的文章。
总之，诗歌改写应该把握原文的主题，用通俗易懂的语言进行创作，加入自己的语言，使文章符合主题，流畅易懂。
三、增分佳句
(一)开头常用句式——介绍诗歌及作者
Here
is
a
poem
entitled
“...”
by...,
which
enjoys
great
popularity
among
readers.
……是……写的一首诗，它深受读者欢迎。
(二)主体常用句式
1．Young
as
we
are,
we
come
to
realize
that
as
long
as
we
try,
nothing
is
impossible.
尽管我们年轻，但我们认识到只要我们尝试，一切皆有可能。
2．She
often
encourages
me
to
face
everything,
sad
or
happy.
她常常鼓励我要面对一切，无论是悲伤的还是幸福的。
3．Remember,
the
best
love
is
to
love
others
unconditionally
rather
than
make
demands
on
them.
记住，最好的爱是对别人的无条件的爱，而不是从中有所索求。
(三)结尾常用句式
1．I'm
deeply
moved
by
the
above
poem
reminding
me
of
the
importance
of
trying
to
seize
every
chance
to
do
what
we
should
before
it's
too
late
in
our
life.
上面这首诗告诉我们抓住机遇及时做好该做的事情对我们人生的重要性，为此我很感动。
2．We
should
call
on
people
all
over
the
world
to
change
our
living
ways
before
all
hopes
have
gone.
我们应该号召全世界的人们在希望破灭之前改变我们的生活方式。
[题目要求]
下面是唐朝诗人李绅的名作《悯农》(Sympathy
on
the
Farmers)，请写一篇100词左右的短文解释一下诗的意思及诗中所蕴含的作者的思想感情。
《悯农》
锄禾日当午，汗滴禾下土。
谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为诗歌改写；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称和第一人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，诗歌的作者：李绅；时代：唐朝；地位：深受欢迎。
第二部分，介绍诗歌所表达的内容。
第三部分，诗歌的写作意图及现实意义。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．be_popular_with 受到……欢迎
2．frequently
频繁地
3．delicious
美味的
4．remind...of...
提醒某人某事
5．waste_food
浪费食物
6．treasure
珍惜
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．《悯农》是唐朝诗人李绅写的一首诗。(过去分词作后置定语；被动语态)
The
poem
entitled
“Sympathy
on
the
Farmers”
is
written
by
Li
Shen
in
the
Tang
Dynasty.
2．夏日正午时刻，外面天气炎热；农民依然在地里劳作。(although引导的让步状语；主谓结构；现在进行时)
Although_it_is_so_hot_outside_at_this_summer_noon_time,_the_farmers_are_still_working_in_the_fields.
3．他们全身湿透，汗水频繁地掉在庄稼生长的土地上。(主系表结构；and连接的并列句；主谓结构；where引导的定语从句)
They
are
wet
all
over
and
their
sweat
is
frequently
falling
into
the
soil,
where
the
crops
grow.
4．我认为对于当代年轻人来说理解这首诗歌并珍惜每粒粮食是很重要的。(it
is＋adj.＋for
sb.
to
do
sth.)
I_think_it's_very_important_for_the_young_generation_today_to_understand_the_poem_and_treasure_every_grain.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用as引导的倒装句改写句2
Hot_as_it_is_outside_at_this_summer_noon_time,_the_farmers_are_still_working_in_the_fields.
2．用with的复合结构改写句3
They_are_wet_all_over_with_their_sweat_frequently_falling_into_the_soil,_where_the_crops_grow.
3．用“it
is
of＋抽象名词＋主语从句”结构改写句4
I_think_it's_of_great_importance_that_the_young_generation_today_should_understand_the_poem_and_treasure_every_grain.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
The_poem_entitled_“Sympathy_on_the_Farmers”_is_written_by_Li_Shen_in_the_Tang_Dynasty,_which_enjoys_great_popularity_among_Chinese_readers._It_goes_like_this:_Hot_as_it_is_outside_at_this_summer_noon_time,_the_farmers_are_still_working_in_the_fields._They_are_wet_all_over_with_their_sweat_frequently_falling_into_the_soil,_where_the_crops_grow._But_who_on_earth_knows_exactly_all_the_delicious_dishes_on_our_table_come_from_the_hard_work_of_the_farmers?
Li_Shen_wrote_this_poem_in_order_to_remind_people_of_the_importance_of_the_farmers'_hard_work._Nowadays,_many_young_people_waste_a_lot_of_food._I_think_it's_of_great_importance_that_the_young_generation_today_should_understand_the_poem_and_treasure_every_grain.
PAGE
