人教版必修五unit1 Great scientists warming up & reading （共48张PPT)

Unit 1
Great scientists
warming up & reading
高二人教新课标版必修五
What do you know about great scientists?
Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.
1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
Archimedes
(Greek )
2.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
Gregor Mendel
Czech (捷克人)
Marie Curie (Polish&French)
3. Who discovered radium?
4.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
Zhang Heng (Chinese)
seismograph
5.Who put forward a theory about black hole?
Stephen Hawking
(British)
black hole
6.Who discovered Qinghaosu?
Tu Youyou
(Chinese)
Qinghao
Draw a conclusion
What characteristics do they have?
common characteristics
cautious
positive
strict
Co-operative
creative
bright
enthusiastic
John Snow defeats “King cholera”
Reading
John Snow defeats “king cholera”
What can you learn from the title?
who：
what：
defeats cholera
He attended her as her
personal physician
Queen Victoria
What 's their relationship?
Name of illness
cholera (霍乱)
Symptom(症状)
severe vomiting (呕吐) and diarrhea (腹泻)
Aftereffect(后果)
die quickly from a loss of liquid
What is cholera?
The passage is mainly about:
A. why he is famous B. his family
C. the cause of cholera
D. how he found out the cause
C. his personality
Fast—reading: Task 1
Read the passage quickly and find numbers and information
related to these numbers.
Fast—reading: Task 2
Two theories
In 1854
500 , 10
The first suggested that…multiplied in the air;
The second suggested…absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
Another outbreak hit London.
More than 500 people had died in 10 days.
16, 37, 38 and 40
20, 21;
8, 9
7
These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths
20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths….They didn’t drink the water from the Broad Street pump.
These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.
John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert，indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak . John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
careful reading
para1
What is the problem?
The cholera was the most deadly disease
of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure
was understood.
What caused cholera?
写出下列句中attend的含义①The patients are well attended in the hospital.
②You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.
③He told me that he had an important party to attend that night.
④There was no one to attend (to) him but Tina. 除了蒂娜，再无人照顾他了。⑤_____________________- your study and stop talking. 专心学习，停止说话。
⑥He was invited to the party but he did not attend it.他被邀请参加那次聚会，但他没参加。
attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
(1)vt.&vi.照顾；护理；专心；注意
(2)vt.出席；参加；定期去
attend a meeting/wedding　　参加会议/婚礼
attend school/church 去上学/去做礼拜
attend (to) sb.　　 照料/关怀某人
attend to sth. 处理/专心于某事
照顾；护理
出席；参加
参加
Attend to
expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触；使体验
①Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。②Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.→If _______________________________ every day, young people may risk going deaf. (省略句)→_________________________________ every day makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf.
(动名词作主语) 如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐的影响中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。③Travelling abroad_________________________________ different languages and cultures. 去国外旅行会使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。
[名师点津]　及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。④Being exposed to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin. 暴露在强光下会对你的皮肤有害。
expose ... to ...　　 使……暴露于……；使……遭受……
be exposed to 暴露于；接触
exposed to very loud music
Being exposed to very loud music
exposes children to
①Researchers find cures for certain diseases often by using the forests’ plant and animal life. 研究人员通常通过利用森林动植物找出某些疾病的治疗方法。②The fresh air and exercise cured him _______his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief. 新鲜空气和锻炼治好了他的失眠，这令他感到欣慰。
[名师点津]　常见的“动词＋sb.＋of＋sth.”结构还有：①remind sb. of sth.　　　 提醒某人某事②warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事③rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物④inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事⑤cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事

cure n．[C]治愈；痊愈；疗法
vt.治愈；治疗；改掉(坏习惯)
a cure for sth.　　　医治某种病的疗法
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
of
challenge n．挑战
vt.向……挑战
①Exploring outer space is a challenge to mankind.探索外太空对人类来说是一项挑战。②Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, _________________ from the modern market.
很多享有几百年盛誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。③Teaching young children is a ________________ (challenge) and rewarding job. 幼儿教育是一项具有挑战性和有益的工作。
[名师点津]　challenge本身已含“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。
(1)a challenge to ...　　　　　　 对……的挑战
face a challenge 面临挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
meet the challenge of 面临……的挑战
(2)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
are facing new challenges
challenging
(1)句中neither ... nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，可连接两个平行结构。①This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；它就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样，现在依然还是如此。(2)neither ... nor ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于与谓语最近的主语，即：就近原则。②Neither my wife nor my parents_________(be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game. 我妻子和我父母都没能说服我女儿改变主意，最终她参加了这个比赛。
[名师点津]　连接并列成分作主语，符合就近原则的还有：
③Either you or one of your students__________(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。④Not you but I_______(be) to blame for the mistake. 不是你而是我该为此错误受到责备。
were
is
am
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法
either ... or ...　　　 或者……或者……
not ... but ... 不是……而是……
not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……
①Every time we camped, Mom would read a book or sing a soft song.
每次我们野营，妈妈都会读一本书或者唱一首柔和的歌。 ②Something is learned every time a book is opened. [谚语]开卷有益。
③_____________ he came to the city, he decided to settle there.他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。④You are welcome to come back _________you want to.你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。
The first time
any time
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 因此，每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。
(2)含有time的时间名词短语作连词的还有：each time(每次), (the) next time(下次),
any time(随时), (the) last time(上次), the first time(第一次)。
(1)every time用作连词，意为“每次……”，引导时间状语从句。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims . The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
careful reading
para2
Which theory to believe in?
Idea 1
Idea 2
Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.
People absorbed it with their meals.
Which one do you believe more?
What about John Snow?
absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
①Plants absorb carbon dioxide from air and moisture from the soil. 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。②__________(absorb) by my every move, the foreign students were amazed by this unique culture and they couldn't help taking pictures from time to time.
被我的一举一动所吸引，外国学生对这种独特的文化感到惊奇，他们情不自禁地不时拍照。③一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。→A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and ________________________________. →A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and_________________________________.
[名师点津]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时,常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：①be lost in ...　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……②be caught in ... 被困在……③be buried in ... 埋头于……④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
absorb ... from ...　　　　 从……中吸收……
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收入……
absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于
Absorbed
he absorbed himself in his reading
he was absorbed in his reading
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry . As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods , he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
careful reading
para3
suspect vt.怀疑；认为
n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}suspect that ...　　　　　　 怀疑……；觉得……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb. to be ... 怀疑某人是……
①She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t.
她怀疑三个女儿(那时分别为10岁、8岁和6岁)中的一个捡起了它，但是这些孩子都说没有。
②I suspect him to be a pickpocket.＝I suspect ________________
我怀疑他是个扒手。③What made you suspect her _____ having taken the money?
你凭什么怀疑钱是她拿的？
[名师点津]　与suspect相关的单词有：①criminal 罪犯　　　　　 ②murderer 杀人犯③robber 劫匪；强盗 ④kidnapper 绑匪⑤thief 小偷
that he is a pickpocket.
of
(1)so ... that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，此结构中so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为：
①I did so well that I was invited to share my idea and experience with all the students of my school. 我做得如此好，以至于我被邀请与我的学校的所有学生分享我的想法和经验。②There was_______________to do _______ everybody got bored.有这么多的工作要做，人人都感到厌烦了。
so much work
that
(2)such ... that作“如此……以至于”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句时，与so ... that意思相同，但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，such ... that的句型结构可分以下三种：
③He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。④This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.＝This is _____________________that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
⑤So difficult is the article that I can hardly understand it. 这篇文章太难了，我几乎读不懂。
so interesting a book
(3)当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived . This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40)．He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations . He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame .
careful reading
para4
A map of Broad Street
What method did he use?
Broad Street
Many deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
It seemed the water from the pump was
to blame. What did he do next?
Public house
blame
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}be to blame (for sth.)　　 (对坏事)负有责任；(因某事)应受责备blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎到某人身上
①Whenever he didn’t perform well in his studies, she would blame him bitterly, expressing her disappointment in him.每当他在学习中做得不好时，她总会训斥他，表达对他的失望。②Don’t always blame your own failure __ others. Sometimes you yourself are _______(blame)．不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}bear/take the blame (for sth.)　 (对某事)承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
③If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.如果发生那样的事，教练将对此负责。④It is common that nowadays some students put the blame ____ their poor performance in study ____their low IQ.如今，一些学生把他们的学习成绩不好归咎于他们的智商低，这很常见。
on
to blame
for
on
(1)vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于
(2)n.过失；责备
Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used . Soon afterwards the disease slowed down . He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
careful reading
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street ， liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.
para5
para6
(Para 6) What was another supporting evidence?
(Para 5) He looked into the source of the water…
John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.
link vt.&n.连接；联系；(因特网文件中的链接)
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}link ... to ...　　　 将……和……联系或连接起来
link up with 与……联合；使与……衔接
①I’ve decided to block all the information from a friend, who constantly shares links to various health tips. 我决定屏蔽一个朋友的所有信息，他总是不停地分享各种保健小贴士的链接。②Fingerprints linked the suspect ___the case. 指纹使嫌疑犯与案件联系起来。③They went on to the next town, where they________________ the other party. 他们继续赶路到了下一个城镇，在那里他们与另一个队伍会合。
to
linked up with
announce vt.宣布；宣告(决定、计划等)；(尤指通过广播)通知
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}(1)announce sth.(to sb.)　 (向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that ... 宣布……；通知……
It is/was announced that ... 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 通知；通告
make an announcement 宣布；下通知
(3)announcer n. 广播员；播音员
①He said the lucky woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.
他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来，整个旅行也会在线分享。②One day with a basket of vegetables, he _____________________ he was going to cook a delicious dish. 一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。③At the end of the meeting, it _______________________ an agreement had been reached.会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。[语境串记]　The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。
[名师点津]　
动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
announced to us that
was announced that
careful reading
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined . The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
para7
instruct vt.命令；指示；教导
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}(1)instruct sb. to do sth.　　　命令某人做某事
instruct sb. in (doing) sth. 指导某人(做)某事
(2)instructive adj.　　　 指示性的；有教育意义的
instruction n. (常用复数形式)用法说明；操作指南；指示；命令；讲授
①The students need a teacher to instruct them ___________(paint)．＝The students need a teacher to instruct them _____ painting.这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。②Follow the ___________(instruct) on the packet carefully.仔细按照包装上的说明操作。
to paint
in
instructions
Read the passage and number these events in the
order that they happened.
John Snow began to test two theories.
An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
He announced that the water carried the disease.
John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
2
1
4
7
summary
John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
King Cholera was defeated.
He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
He had the handle removed from the water pump.
3
8
5
6
补充知识点
put forward
写出下列句中put forward的含义①They’ve put the date of their wedding forward by one week. ②She put forward a good suggestion at the meeting.
③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes. ④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}
put aside　　　 节省；储蓄；储存；留出；放一边
put away 放好；存起来
put off 延期；推迟
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
⑤Encourage children______________ some of their pocket money to buy New Year presents. 鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买新年礼物。⑥Owing to the state of the ground, the match has been ______________________. 由于场地状况不佳，比赛推迟了。
提前
提出
将(钟表)向前拨
提名；推荐
to put aside
put off
conclusion n．结论；结束
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}(1)draw a conclusion　　　 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之

(2)conclude (从……中)推断出……
conclude sth. 以……结束……
①I concluded/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。②_______ conclusion, I believe that you can benefit a lot from the film. 总之，我相信你们会从这部影片中获益匪浅。③When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it __________important points. 小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。
[名师点津]　除in conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语。 ①in short　　　 ②in a word　　　 ③in brief ④all in all ⑤to sum up ⑥briefly (speaking) ⑦on the whole
sth, from sth.
from sth. that...
with sth.
by doing sth.
In
with
①Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. 作为新队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们将会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被打败了。②She was a woman who hated____________________________. 她是个不愿服输的女人。
[辨析比较]　defeat, beat, win
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}defeat
击败，强调过程和结果
宾语是对手
beat
打败；(连续)击打
宾语是对手
win
赢得；获胜
宾语是game或prize等
③Yesterday I__________________ John at chess. He ______only one set, while I ________two sets. 昨天和约翰下棋，我赢了他。他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。
defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
n．失败
to admit defeat
defeated/beat
won
won
Thank You