人教版必修五unit1 great scientists using language &知识点(31张PPT)

Unit 1
Great scientists
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
1.firework n. __________
2.chart n. _____
3.creative adj. _____________________________
4.co-operative adj. _______
5.revolutionary adj. ___________________
6.loop n. _______
7.privately adv. _______________
8.spin vi.& vt. ____________________
9.reject vt. ___________________
10.universe n. ___________
烟火(燃放)
图表
有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
合作的
革命的；重大变革的
圈；环
私下地；秘密地
(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
拒绝；不接受；抛弃
宇宙；世界
/'fai?w?:k/
/t?ɑ:t/
/kri:'eitiv/
/k?u'?p?r?tiv/
/
rev?'lu:??n?ri/
/lu:p/
/'praivitli/
/spin/
/ri'd?ekt/
/'ju:niv?:s/
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每题2分，满分30分)
11. adj. 有责任的；负责的
12. vt. 建设；修建
→ n. 建设；建筑物
13. vt.& vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助
→ n. 贡献
14. adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
15. n. 移动；运动；动作
16. adv.& adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
17. adj. 热情的；热心的
responsible
construct
construction
contribute
contribution
positive
movement
backward
enthusiastic
/inθju:zi'?stik/
/k?n'str?k?n/
18. adj. 小心的；谨慎的
→ n. 小心；谨慎
19. n. 特征；特性
20. n. 医生；内科医师
21. vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
22. n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
23. n. 挑战
vt. 向……挑战
24. vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
25. vt. 怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
cautious
caution
characteristic
physician
expose
cure
challenge
absorb
suspect
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
26. 除……之外；此外
27. 对……严格的
28. 讲得通；有意义
29. 对……作出贡献
30. 对……谨慎
apart from
(be) strict with...
make sense
make a contribution/contributions to
be cautious about/of
31.in a sense ___________________________
32.with caution ___________
33.put off ___________
34.conclude...from... ____________________
35.blame sb. for sth. __________________________________
在某种意义上；在某种程度上
小心翼翼地
推迟，延期
从……中推断出……
因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
Reading
Nicolaus Copernicus
？？？
About Copernicus
Do you know what is the center of the solar system?
Can you name the nine planets in the solar system?
Mercury
Mars
Venus
Earth
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Mercury/?m??kj?ri/
水星
Venus /?vi?n?s/
金星
Earth
Mars /mɑ?z/
火星
Jupiter /?d?u?p?t?(r)/
木星
Saturn /?s?t??n/
土星
Neptune/?neptju?n/ 海王星
Uranus/?j??r?n?s/ 天王星
Ⅰ.Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1　 A.New observations didn’t agree with the old theory about
the earth.
Para.2 B.Copernicus’ theory is the basis of modern science about
the universe.
Para.3 C.Copernicus was puzzled as he found the earth was not the
centre of the solar system.
Para.4 D.Copernicus’ new theory that the sun was the centre could
explain all the phenomena.
Para.5 E.Copernicus improved his theory by collecting observations
and using his mathematical knowledge.
Fast reading
What was the problem confusing
Copernicus?
A. Whether to publish his theory or not.
B. Whether to stop working on his theory or not.
C. Whether to fight against the Christian Church.
Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.
Para.1
Copernicus' puzzle
/k?u'p?:nik?s/
/?m?θ??m?t?kl/
/?k?lkju?le??n/
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
①Only if you take more exercise will you be able to keep fit.
只有多锻炼，你才能保持身体健康。
②____________________________ had time to read the book.
直到最近我才有时间读这本书。
③Only in this way _______________________________________________ to our family and our society. (2015·重庆高考写作)
只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出巨大贡献。
?Only if 只有
Only recently have I
can we make a great contribution/great contributions
[名师点津]　如果only修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首主句也不倒装。
④Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.
只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正丰富的生活。
(1)Only then did he realize that he had made a severe mistake.
只有那时他才意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。
(2)Only by shouting and waving his hands .
只有靠大声呼叫和晃动双手才能使人注意到他。
(3) a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.
只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进这个房间。
could he be noticed
Only if
[易混辨析]　only if，if only
※only if 只有……，only if 本身不是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整
个if从句。若用于句首，后接从句，主句要部分倒装。
※if only但愿……，要是……就好了，常引导含虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。
[选词填空]　only if，if only
(5) I were a bird，I would fly in the vast sky.
(6) you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit.
If only
Only if
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}make no sense　　　　　　没道理；没意义
make sense of 理解；弄懂
in a sense 从某种意义上来说
in no sense 决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
①This sentence he has made doesn’t make sense.
＝This sentence he has made _____________________.
他造的这个句子没有意义。
②We read through the poem, but could not ______________ it.
我们从头到尾读了一遍诗，但不明白它说些什么。
③In no sense _____________________; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
你决不应该灰心丧气。继续尝试，你迟早会成功的。
?make sense讲得通；有意义
makes no sense
make sense of
should you lose heart
含有否定词的介词短语放于句首，句子使用部分倒装。
in no case
at no time
in no way
by no means
on no account
in no sense
under no circumstances
意思为“绝不、在任何情况下。”
____________________________________________________
我们决不能容忍对儿童的暴力行为。
/?s??k?mst?ns/
On no account can we tolerate violence against children.

The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.
Para.2
New observations disagree with the old theory
arise vi发生；产生；出现（arose， arisen）
Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.
Para.3
Copernicus improved his theory
In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas， but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
Para.4
Copernicus’ new theory
/'praivitli/
/
rev?'lu:??n?ri/
be cautious about
caution n. 小心
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语，表示原因、条件、伴随等。此外，此结构还可作后置定语。
①With the meal over, we all went home.
吃完饭后，我们都回家了。
②With a lot of difficult problems ____________ (settle), the new manager works far into the night every day.
由于有很多难题要解决，新经理每天工作到深夜。
③With his mother _____________ (help) him, he is getting along well with his work.
在妈妈的帮助下，他的工作进展良好。
④With the key _______ (lose), he had to wait for his mother outside the door.
钥匙丢了，他不得不在门外等妈妈。
?with the planets going round it
to settle
helping
lost
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}(1)be enthusiastic about　　　　　 非常喜欢……
be enthusiastic to do sth. 非常喜欢做某事
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
enthusiastically adv. 热情地；热心地
①I’m sure it will appeal to you, for you’ve been enthusiastic about sports.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。
②She’s very enthusiastic ______________ (read) the novels written by Mo Yan.
她非常喜欢读莫言写的小说。
③Although she’s a beginner, she played with great _____________ (enthusiastic)．
虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。
?enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
to read
enthusiasm
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}(1)be cautious of/about (doing) sth.　 谨防/谨慎……
(2)caution n. 细心；谨慎
with caution＝cautiously adv. 仔细地；谨慎地
①He is usually cautious about his work.
他通常对他的工作持谨慎态度。
②You should cross a busy street ________ caution.
＝You should cross a busy street _____________ (cautious)．
穿过一条繁忙的马路时要小心谨慎。
?cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的；细心的
with
cautiously
Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
Para.5
Copernicus’ theory is the basis of modern science about the universe.
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}
写出下列句中reject的含义
①They rejected his application for membership.
②It is hard for me to reject religious beliefs.
③He rejected the suggestions his friends had given.
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}reject
常用于正式场合，后面常接名词，不接不定式
refuse
普通用词，后接双宾语、名词或不定式，不接不定式的复合宾语和宾语从句
④He kept silent and ___________ to answer my question.
⑤I have been ___________ by all the companies I applied to.
?reject vt. 拒绝(雇用、录取等)；不接受(提议、建议等)；
抛弃；(因质量不好而)废弃
拒绝
抛弃
不接受
refused
rejected
补充知识点
?construction n．[U]建设；[C]建筑物
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}construct vt.　　　　　　　建设；修建
(be) under construction
＝(be) being constructed 正在建设中
①My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
我的下一步工作就是做一个鸟窝并把它固定在树上。
②The new airport under construction lies in the east of the city.
＝The new airport ________________(construct) lies in the east of the city.
正在修建的新机场位于该市的东部。
being constructed
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}(1)contribute to　　　　　有助于；促使；导致
contribute ... to ... 向……捐献/捐赠……
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth. 对……作出贡献
①Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. (2017·江苏高考)
位于“一带”和“一路”交汇处，江苏将会为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
②Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes _____ the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some ____________ (contribute) to the class.
参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好机会，并对班级作出贡献。
[名师点津]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有cause, lead to, result in等。
?contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
to
contributions
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}
①Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.游泳，除了有趣和锻炼身体之外，还是一项很有用的技能。
②______________________________, the composition is fairly good.
除了一些拼写错误，这篇文章写得很不错。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}apart from
既可以表示besides的含义，也可以表示except或except for的含义
besides
“除了……之外还有……”，除去的东西包括在范围内，相当于in addition to/as well as
except
“除了……之外”，指从同类的人或物中排除
except for
表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况
用besides, except或except for代替下列句中的apart from
③The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
④You can have any one of the cakes apart from this one.
⑤The road was empty apart from a few cars.
?apart from除……之外；此外
Apart from some spelling mistakes
besides
except
except for
[易混辨析]　apart from，except，besides，except for
※apart from 具有多重意义，既可以表示besides，也可以表示except 或
except for。
※except 表示从所提到的人或事中除去一部分，表示递减的概念。
※besides 表示“除了……之外，还有……”，表示递增的概念。
※except for 表示对整体主要部分的肯定和局部的否定。