Archimedes (阿基米德)
Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
Charles Darwin.
Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
Thomas Newcomen.
托马斯·纽可曼
Who invented the first steam engine?
Gregor Mendel
孟德尔(奥地利遗传学家)
Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
Marie Curie
玛丽·居里
Who discovered radium?
Thomas Edison
Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
Leonardo da Vinci
列奥纳多·达·芬奇
Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
Humphry Davy
汉弗莱·戴维
Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
Stephen Hawking
Who put forward a theory about black holes?
draw a conclusion
think of a method
collect results
make a question
find a problem
analyse the results
Find supporting evidence
Please put the
7 stages in right order to prove a new idea in scientific research.
seven stages to prove a new idea in scientific way
Find a problem
Make a question
Think of a method
Collect results
Analyze the results
Find supporting evidence
Draw a conclusion
1. What do you know about cholera?
John Snow
Read the text (P2-3) quickly and complete the main idea of it.
The text is mainly about _____
______ and how he ________________.
John
defeated cholera
Snow
I. To prove a new scientific idea, seven stages are needed. Read the text (P2-3) carefully and fill in the blanks.
Para.
Stages in an experiment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Find a problem
Make a question
Think of a method
Collect results
Analyse the results
Draw a conclusion
Find supporting evidence
Paragraphs & Stages
Stage 1
Para 1
Find a problem
A large number of people died of cholera, but neither its 1. _______ nor its 2. _____ was understood.
cause
Write down the main idea of the paragraph.
John Snow, an expert, was determined to find the cause of cholera.
cure
Stage 2
Para 2
Make a question
◆ Theory one: Cholera 3. ___________ in the air and floated around until it found its victims.
◆ Theory two: When people 4. ___________ cholera into their bodies with meals, their bodies were attacked.
absorbed
multiplied
Write down the main idea of the paragraph.
He thought cholera is caused either through air or through infected food.
Stage 3
Para 3
Think of a method
Began to gather information to 5. _______ that the second theory was correct.
prove
Write down the main idea of the paragraph.
He believed that people get ill after eating infected food.
Stage 4
Para 4
Collect results
Marked where the dead people had lived on a(n) 6. ______.
map
Write down the main idea of the paragraph.
He suspected that water from the pump might be the main cause of cholera.
Stage 5
Para 5
Analyse the results
Looked into the 7. ________ of the water to see if the problem was the water.
source
Write down the main idea of the paragraph.
Through investigating water, John snow found that cholera was spread by germs from polluted water.
Broad Street
Many deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
The water from the pump was to blame.
Public house
Stage 6
Para 6
Find supporting evidence
from two other deaths: Both of them died of cholera after 8. _____________________.
drinking the water
extra evidence: A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.
Write down the main idea of the paragraph.
Another two deaths made John snow more certain that people get ill because of drinking polluted water.
Stage 7
Para 7
Draw a conclusion
◆ 9. _______________
carried the virus.
◆ All the water supplies
should be 10. _________.
Polluted water
examined
Write down the main idea of the paragraph.
He was confident that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water.
Number these events in the
order that they happened.
___ John Snow began to test two theories.
___ An outbreak of cholera hit London in
1854.
___ John Snow marked the deaths on a
map.
1
2
4
___ He announced that the water
carried the disease.
___ John Snow investigated two streets
where the outbreak was very severe.
___ King Cholera was defeated.
___ He found that most of the deaths were
near a water pump.
___ He had the handle removed from the
water pump.
3
5
6
7
8