上海市向明中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（word版）（无听力音频，有听力文字材料）

2020学年第一学期向明中学期中考
高二英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension (20分，每题1分)
Section A (10分)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 90 yuan. B.19 yuan. C. 45 yuan. D. 9.5 yuan.
2. A. She promises to meet Jim tomorrow.
B. She promises to answer phone calls for Jim.
C. She promises to go to a meeting with Jim.
D. She promises to send a message to Jim.
3. A. It is well paid. B. It is near his home.
C. It has long working hours. D. It is an easy job.
4. A. 9:15. B. 9:45. C. 9:50. D. 10:15..
5. A. China B. India C. Norway D. London
6. A. He didn’t want to fly.
B. He had an accident on his way to the airport.
C. He was unable to leave immediately.
D. He didn’t want to take the exam.
7. A. They are near a window store.
B. They are in front of their house.
C. They are the traffic lights.
D. They are in front of a furniture store.
8. A. He left his lab and went on vacation.
B. He locked his lab.
C. He came back early to work.
D. He went to give a lecture.
9. A. She plans to travel.
B. She plans to move to Europe.
C. She plans to visit her friend in Europe.
D. She plans to learn foreign languages.
10. A. Connie and David have changed.
B. David wants to talk to Connie.
C. Connie and David are planning a trip together.
D. Connie and David have many friends.
Section B (10分)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They knew they had to make stone tools.
B. The weather in Asia and Africa was warm.
C. There were lots of animals at that time.
D. They had plenty of food to eat.
12. A. They had the kind of tools needed to kill large animals.
B. The hunters were very strong.
C. There are too many animals to hunt.
D. People did not eat too much meat.
13. A. Those places where a kind of food was plenty.
B. Those places where there were large animals.
C. Those places where various food could be found.
D. Those places where materials for tool-making were plenty.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The layout of the laboratory.
B. A laboratory experiment.
C. The workbook for the laboratory course.
D. A piece of equipment.
15. A. The activities to be done during class.
B. The activities take less time.
C. No equipment is needed for the activities.
D. Few instructions are given for activities.
16. A. At the beginning of the semester.
B. When the students need to be motivated.
C. After the first laboratory experiment.
D. When the students have done good work.
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It was established ten years ago. B. Its headquarters is in Britain.
C. It turns to force to solve environmental problems. D. It is a non-profit organization.
18. A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations. B. Anti-nuclear campaigns.
C. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor. D. Removing industrial waste.
19. A. By troubling and annoying them. B. By taking legal action.
C. By appealing to the public. D. By using force.
20. A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent.
C. Opposed. D. Supportive.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A （10分，每题1分）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,?use one word that best fits each blank.
Female Entertainers Fight Ageism in the Reality Show
A band of entertainment industry "has-beens" has stepped back into the spotlight in Older Sisters Riding Winds and Breaking Waves. It is a girl group knockout reality show (21)________ (feature) performers older than 30.
Produced by Mango TV, the reality show has made huge waves across China's social platforms. The show consists of 30 seasoned, established female singers, actors and hosts, (22)________were born before 1990.
"(23)________ ________ some possibilities in life fade after you hit 30, you can still transcend time and reinvent yourself," reads part of the show's preamble(开场白), conveying a clear message (24)________ the ageism facing women.
Some contestants spoke out about their attitude towards aging and age discrimination.
Wu Xin, 37, a hostess on the popular variety show Happy Camp, (25)________(voice) her opinion, believing she's at the best age of her life. "I used to limit myself due to a narrow vision, and thus missed a lot of opportunities. (26)________I get older, I've come to realize that I can do many things, so I decided (27) __________(seize) this chance to stretch myself," she said.
While some people see the successfully staged show as a progression in challenging society’s youth-obsessed pop culture, (28) ________ remain doubtful and critical.
Some viewers reveal that their anxiety towards aging has gotten (29) __________ (bad) after watching the show.
“My heart quivered as I heard 50-year-old Christy Chung say she still feels as young as 20 physically and would always be 18 at heart. The show actually points out the possibility (30) ________a woman’s actual age is neither acceptable for the public nor for herself,” reads a Weibo post by Tang Shuang, a senior fashion editor of Vogue China.
Section B（10分，每题1分）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. misleading
B. relatively
C. teamed
D. doubled
E. encouraging
F. guidance
G. reviews
H. reasonable
I. cultivate
J. proposed
K. annually
No More Food Waste
Last week Meituan co-published a proposal with a number of business organizations, including the China General Chamber of Commerce and China Cuisine Association, calling on restaurants to stop food waste and help (31)________new eating habits for customers.
“Restaurants should innovate means of publicity using official accounts on social media and live-streaming to promote and advocate food-saving actions,” the proposal said.
Meituan and the organizations are advocating that merchants offer (32)________ to consumers, including reminding them during the ordering process about the taste of the ingredients, portion sizes and other information about the dishes, to help them avoid food waste due to (33)________ information.
Catering associations in more than 18 provinces have also joined the campaign to eliminate food waste. On Friday the China Cuisine Association announced that it had (34)________ up with Ele.me, the Alibaba Group Holding-owned food delivery platform, to launch a “half-dish plan”, (35) ________restaurants to provide customers with the option to order smaller portions.
The Wuhan Catering Association (36)________ an “N-1” ordering code for restaurants in which a group of 10 diners would only order enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required.
To curb(限制) portrayals of food waste on social media platforms, popular Chinese video platforms such as Douyin and Kuaishou have stepped up content (37)________ of food-related live streams and implemented regulation of online eating shows.
Now if users search certain keywords, such as “eating show” or “competitive eaters”, a cautionary message pops up to remind them to cherish food and maintain a (38)________diet.
Across the country, about 40% of all the food Americans buy ends up in the trash. That food waste costs the average family of four about $1,500 (39)________. It also takes up valuable space in landfills.
The state of Vermont has long been a leader in environmental issues. Now it has just (40)________down on its bid to get Vermonters to rethink their relationship with food and waste.
As of July 1st, it became the first state in the nation to make it illegal for residents to throw their food scraps into the trash. That means everyone in the state -- from businesses to residents – must now keep their food waste out of the garbage.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A（15分，每题1分）
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Do Brain Training Games Work?
With an ageing population worried about cognitive(认知的) decline, brain training apps have soared in popularity. Search “brain training”, and you will find (41)________ apps and websites promising to make you mentally agile( 敏捷的). In the same way that we might go to the gym to exercise, a daily mental (42)________is said to produce physical changes in the brain. All you will have to do is to (43)________ a few minutes each day to complete puzzles, memory games and word quizzes.
At least that’s the idea. And there are a lot of people who are (44)________ into it. In 2018, consumers spent an estimated $1.9 billion on brain training apps—a fourfold increase from 2012. Of course, smartphones were not the original home for brain training games. (45)________, Nintendo recently released its fourth all-time best-selling game, Brain Age, and brought it to the Switch in Japan last month. The idea of improving mental fitness clearly has widespread appeal, but is it based on scientific evidence or (46)________marketing promises?
In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity published an open letter (47)________by 69 international neuroscientists( 神经科学家) and cognitive psychologists. There is no convincing scientific evidence, the experts argued, that playing brain games improves cognitive abilities in everyday life.
Two years later, another team of psychologists reviewed every scientific study cited by major brain training companies (48)________ their products. They questioned not only how the evidence had been reported and interpreted, but the way many of the studies had been designed. The (49)________included small sample sizes, inadequate control groups, and cherry-picking(挑选最有利的) research outcomes to (50)________.
If the science is so (51)________ flawed (错误的), why do people feel the need to train their brains with these apps and games?
That’s (52)________, according to Til Wykes, a professor at King’s College London. Nintendo’s Brain Age game, for instance, assigns players a score based on their gaming performance. They might start with a “brain age” score of 60 and after a few weeks of (53)________, will be told they have reduced it to 40. For some people, there is clearly some positive reward for seeing themselves improve over time. Wykes stresses, (54)________, that for people who are really worried about their cognition, learning a new language would be more beneficial, which has been shown to improve brain (55)________.
41. A. endless B. advanced C. protective D. imaginary
42. A. outcome B. tryout C. workout D. outlook
43. A. set out B. set back C. set off D. set aside
44. A buying B. engaging C. overlooking D. inquiring
45. A. By contrast B. For instance C. Of course D. In conclusion
46. A. reliable B. precious C. secret D. empty
47. A. signed B. secured C. received D. sought
48. A. in presence of B. in support of C. in case of D. in memory of
49. A. expectation B. solution C. criticism D. standard
50. A. report B. design C. produce D. negotiate
51. A. effortlessly B. temporarily C. seriously D. unfairly
52. A. dependable B. understandable C. comparable D. achievable
53. A. experiment B. theory C. practice D. performance
54. A. altogether B. therefore C. however D. likewise
55. A. movement B. cooperation C. evaluation D. function
Section B （12分，每题1.5分）
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Math, Taught like Football
Growing up, I thought math class was something to be endured, not enjoyed. I disliked memorizing formulas and taking tests, all for the dull goal of getting a good grade. But my problem wasn’t with math itself. In fact, I spent countless hours as a child doing logic and math puzzles on my own, and as a teenager, when a topic seemed particularly interesting, I would go to the library and read more about it.
By high school, none of my teachers questioned my mathematical talent, but none of them really encouraged it, either. No one told me that I could become a professional mathematician. What I wanted to do then was play college football. My ambition was to get an athletic scholarship to attend a Big Ten school.
The chances of that happening were very low. In high school, I was just an above-average athlete and my high school was not a “feeder” school for college sports programs.
That didn’t stop me from dreaming, though. And it didn’t stop my coaches from encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me to work for it. They made video tapes of my performances and sent them to college coaches around the country. It didn’t matter that I didn’t initially attract much interest from the big schools. My coaches kept picking up the phone, and kept convincing me to try to prove myself. In the end, a Big Ten school, Pennstate, did offer me a scholarship.
A growing body of research shows that students are affected by more than just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions, constant feedback and a culture of earning that encourages resilience in the face of failure.
Until I got to college, I didn’t really know what mathematics was. I still thought of it as problem sets and laborious computations. Then one day, one of my professors handed me a book and suggested that I think about a particular problem. It wasn’t easy, but it was fascinating.
My professor kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing them. Before long, he was introducing me to problems that had never been solved before and urging me to find new techniques to help crack them.
I am now a Ph. D. candidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and I have published several papers in mathematical journals. I still feel that childlike excitement every time I complete a proof. I wish I’d known this was possible when I was a kid.
56. Why did the writer think math class in school was “something to be endured” before entering college?
A. Because he wasn’t interested in math.
B. Because his math teachers didn’t care to push him.
C. Because he was too smart and talented for math class.
D. Because he was training hard for an athletic scholarship.
57. According to the writer, students are affected by the following things from teachers or coaches EXCEPT __________.
A. passion B. constant feedback
C. a sense of purpose D. specific instructions
58. We can conclude that after entering college, the writer___________.
A. was busy looking for problem sets to crack
B. began to realize what mathematics really is
C. met with laborious computations in his studies
D. studied on his own just as he was in high school
59. What does “this” in the last sentence mean?
A. Feeling the children excitement.
B. Different mathematical research.
C. Generating curiosity and creativity.
D. Being a professional mathematician.
(B)
Modern medicine’s ability to keep us alive makes it tempting to think human evolution may have stopped. But if we look at the rate of our DNA’s evolution, we can see that human evolution hasn’t stopped – it may even be happening faster than before.
Evolution is a gradual change to the DNA of a species over many generations. It can occur by natural selection, when certain traits created by genetic changes help an organism survive or reproduce. Such genes are thus more likely to be passed on to the next generation, so they increase in frequency in a population. Gradually, these changes and their associated traits become more common among the whole group.
By looking at global studies of our DNA, we can see evidence that natural selection has recently made changes and continues to do so. Though modern healthcare disrupts a key driving force of evolution by keeping some people alive longer, in countries without access to good healthcare, populations are continuing to evolve. Survivors of infectious disease outbreaks drive natural selection by giving their genetic resistance to offspring. Our DNA shows evidence for recent selection for resistance of killer diseases like Lassa fever and malaria. Selection in response to malaria remains in regions where the disease remains common.
Humans are also adapting to their environment. Gene change allowing humans to live at high altitudes have become more common in populations in Tibet, Ethiopia, and the Andes. The spread of genetic changes in Tibet is possibly the fastest evolutionary change in humans, occurring over the past 3,000 years. This rapid increase in frequency of a mutated gene that increases blood oxygen content gives locals a survival advantage in higher altitudes, resulting in more surviving children.
Diet is another source for adaptations. Studies show that natural selection favoring a change allowing adults to produce lactase – the enzyme (酶) that breaks down milk sugars – is why some groups of people can digest milk. Over 80 per cent of northwest Europeans can, but in parts of East Asia, where milk is much less commonly drunk, an inability to digest lactose is the norm. Like high altitude adaptation, selection to digest milk has evolved more than once in humans and may be the strongest kind of recent selection.
Yet, despite these changes, natural selection only affects about 8 per cent of our genome. But scientists can’t explain why some genes are evolving much faster than others. We measure the speed of gene evolution by comparing human DNA with that of other species. One fast-evolving gene is human accelerated region 1 (HAR1), which is needed during brain development. A random section of human DNA is on average more than 98 per cent identical to the chimp comparator, but HAR1 is so fast evolving that it’s only around 85 per cent similar. Though scientists can see these changes are happening – and how quickly – we still don’t fully understand why fast evolution happens to some genes but not others.
60. Which of the following statements may the author agree with?
A. Evolution occurs among several people overnight.
B. Genes may change and some are beneficial to people’s lives.
C. Evolution is done when the whole population possesses a certain gene.
D. The changed genes leading to higher survival rates are chosen deliberately.
61. The underlined word “disrupts” in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by________.
A. explains B. causes C. upsets D. heals
62. The author illustrates humans’ ongoing evolution with the following examples EXCEPT that__________.
A. some people can resist infectious diseases like malaria
B. children in Tibet tolerate living environments with thin air
C. northwestern Europeans digest lactose better than East Asians
D. the human gene HAR1 resembles that of a chimp to a lesser extent
63. Which of the following may serve as the title?
A. What Is Natural Selection?
B. Are Humans Still Evolving?
C. Why Will Certain Genes Evolve?
D. How Do Mutated Genes Function?
Section C （8分，每题2分）
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
(C)
Indeed, education is not only lectures and seminars.
However, our study revealed no difference in the following aspects.?
They clearly know that interpersonal relationships at work play a critical role in career success.?
They tend to excessively focus on the instrumental tasks, paying insufficient attention to interpersonal relationships.
We also found several reasons why the graduates from the top universities performed better than those from the lower-ranked schools.
We observed the students’ performance for two months as they were working in global virtual teams on real-life business consulting projects.
Top College Graduates Get Paid More, but do They Perform Better?
It’s generally believed that better universities attract better students and provide better training, so it makes sense to use the university rank as a predictor of employee performance. But is it a good hiring strategy? Do university rankings predict job performance? Our research suggests yes — but only to a degree.
In a recent study, we tested the relationship between the university rank and performance of graduates. We tracked the performance of 28,339 students from 294 universities that ranked from Top 10 to about top 20,000 in the Webometrics global university rankings. (64)___________Importantly, we captured not only the quality of the output, but a wide range of hard and soft competencies including cooperation with team members, leadership, language proficiency, technical skills, emotional intelligence, creativity, and more.
Our results offer some comfort to the traditional recruiters. After controlling for age, gender, and the year of study, we found that graduates from higher-ranked universities performed better, but only nominally and only on some dimensions of performance.
(65)___________The first was selection: higher-ranked universities usually can choose from a larger pool of applicants, which leads to steeper competition and a higher quality of the incoming class. Corroborating the selectivity hypothesis, our data demonstrated that students at higher-ranked universities indeed score higher on general cognitive ability tests, have more international experience, better English proficiency, and higher cultural intelligence.
Second, higher-ranked universities should provide better training. Top universities employ better instructors, offer access to better-equipped facilities, attract better speakers and guests to campus, which in turn, should lead to better training and subsequent performance.
Finally, it might be expected that higher-ranked institutions might provide a more stimulating academic environment. (66)___________ Having notable, hardworking, celebrity-status professors, along with being around intelligent, highly-motivated, achievement-oriented peers, positively affects self-efficacy, motivation, effort, and work ethic.
Despite their slightly better overall performance, hiring graduates from higher-ranked institutions could have a downside. Our data suggest that students from higher-ranked universities might damage team cooperation, sometimes carelessly. (67)___________ In some instances, graduates from top universities tend to be less friendly, are more prone to conflict, and are less likely to identify with their team.
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
68. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Classroom Pets
Watching duck eggs hatch in a classroom was a “wow” experience that brought the topic to life, says Sarah Holmes, teacher in Derby High School’s primary department. Classrooms across the UK house a wide range of school pets: hamsters, fish, guinea pigs and even tortoises. But though they teach children about nature, it is not always a happy story, animal charities say, and it might be teaching children the wrong lessons.
In some schools, animals die because the school cannot afford vets’ fees. The eggs at Derby High came from a company that provided detailed instructions on how to care or the ducklings and took them back to rear, but the service costs money not all schools can afford. The Potteries Guinea Pig Rescue based in Stoke-on-trent, has taken in a number of guinea pigs from schools in North Stafforshire that have found themselves unable to care for the animals. The schools thought it was a good idea until the animal experienced health issues and they had to pay for vet treatment.
Many teachers who keep classroom pets do so with good intentions. But as a matter of fact, a classroom simply isn’t a suitable home for an animal. The sleep-wake cycles of nocturnal(夜间活动的) animals such as mice and hamsters are disturbed by bright classroom lights and by pupils taking them out of their cages and handling them. Peta (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) says it hears complaints that animals have died after being over-handled or through accidents occurring when being played with. “I can’t imagine many things worse than being limited to a cage stuck in a noisy classroom all day,” one citizen said.
Nevertheless, Debs Howe, a former biology teacher who now runs an egg hatching company, says that done responsibly, looking after animals can be an experience children don’t forget. For children who may have issues accessing the curriculum often due to autism (自闭症) or emotional or behavioral issues, the hatching of chicks has an incredible effect. It’s also particularly appealing to those who always live in cities with little access to farms or nature.
V. Translation （15分，第一,二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 玛丽的评论不被别人的意见所影响。（independent）
2. 虽然有很多顾客投诉他态度不好，但他却感激他们帮助了他。(appreciate)
3. 人们绝不该追逐这种时尚潮流，它会导致一些濒危动物的灭绝。（By no means）
4. 正是在特殊时期，我抵制了网络游戏的诱惑，按照自己的节奏学习，才让我培养了自律，并且获得成就和满足感。（It）
2020学年第一学期向明中学期中考
高二年级英语试卷答案和评分标准
Listening: (20分，每题1分)
1-10 CBBBD CDCAA 11-16 DAC CDA 17-20 CBAD
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A (10分，每题1分)
21. featuring 22. who 23. Even though/ Even if 24. against 25. voiced
26. As 27. to seize 28. others 29. worse 30. that
Section B (10分，每题1分)
31—40 I F A C E J G H K D

III. Reading Comprehension （35分）
Section A （15分，每题1分）
41—45 ACDAB 46—50 DABCA 51—55 CBCCD
Section B （12分，每题1.5分）
56-59 BCBD 60-63 BCDB
Section C（8分，每题2分）
64-67 FEAD
IV. Summary (10分)
Many British schools are teaching nature by raising classroom pets but it may cause problems. First, some pets die because the school can’t pay for instruction service or health treatment. Second, bright lights and children’s over-handling make the classroom unsuitable for animal living. However, supporters believe with proper care, animal raising in classrooms can benefit some students.
V. Translation. （15分，第一，二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分）
玛丽的评论不被别人的意见所影响。（independent）
Mary’s comment was independent of other people’s opinions.
2. 虽然有很多顾客投诉他态度不好，但他却感激他们帮助了他。(appreciate)
Although many customers complained about his bad attitude, he appreciated their helping him.
3. 人们绝不该追逐这种时尚潮流，它会导致一些濒危动物的灭绝。（By no means）
By no means should people follow the fashion trend, because it will lead to the extinction of some endangered animals.
4. 正是在特殊时期，我抵制了网络游戏的诱惑， 按照自己的节奏学习，才让我培养了自律，并且获得成就和满足感。（It）
It was during the special time when I resisted the temptation of online games and learned at my own pace that I cultivated self-discipline and gained a sense of achievement and satisfaction.
听力原文：
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: Do you give students a discount?
M: Sure, the normal price is 90 yuan and students can enter our museum at half the price.
Q: What is the price for a student?
2. M: Kate, I’m going to a meeting tomorrow. Would you please help take my phone calls?
W: No problem, Jim. I’ll take a message if anyone calls.
Q: What does Kate promise to do?
3. W: Congratulations, John! I heard about your new job.
M: Thanks. It’s nearly perfect for me. The working hours are convenient, and it’s an easy walk from home. If only the pay were half as good as everything else!
Q: What do we know about John’s new job?
4. W: What time is your train leaving?
M: It leaves at ten. I have got fifteen minutes left.
Q: What is the time now?
5. W: Hi Michael! I heard you just came back from a long holiday.
M: Yes. I stayed for a week in China, and five days in India, and then I met my friends in Norway before doing some Christmas shopping in London.
Q: What was the last stop of Michael’s holiday?
6. W: I thought you had left for the airport right after your last exam.
M: Unfortunately I couldn’t.
Q: What does the man mean?
7. M: Wait a second. I like the sofa displayed in the window.
W: I like it, too. Let’s go in and have a look.
Q: Where are the couple standing?
8. W: Professor Benson is working in his lab this afternoon.
M: But his vacation isn’t over until next week.
Q: What did Professor Benson probably do?
9. M: Is it true that you’re going to Europe this summer?
W: Yes, I’ll be touring Italy, Britain and France after I finish my degree and save some money.
Q: What does the woman plan to do?
10. W: I was surprised when you told me that Connie and David have become good friends.
M: I know. They didn’t use to get along well, did they?
Q: What does the man mean?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
It was in Africa and Asia that early human beings first made the kind of stone tools they needed to hunt and kill large animals. With these arms—rough spears, axes and knives—a small group of hunters could get enough meat at one time to feed many people. Now and then, seeds, fruits and roots made good eating. The number of people increased.
A group of related families, including children and the old, would stay close to the large animals they lived on. As long as there were “new” spaces to move into and plenty of game, the growing population could survive. When such an organized group—our society—became too large for its members to travel together comfortably, it would split up. In this way, hunters moved into Africa, Europe and Asia.
The best areas of the world for human beings were those where many kinds of food could be found. When one kind became scarce, people could use another to keep from starving. Life in such areas was safe.
Questions:
11. Why did the number of early human beings increase?
12. Why could a few hunters get enough food at a time for many people?
13. Where were the best places for human beings to move?
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
Hello, I’m Judy Henderson. Before we start our first lab, I’d like to tell you a little bit about the workbook we will be using. The first thing I’d like to point out is that the workbook contains a very large amount of material, far more than you could ever handle in a single semester. What you are supposed to do is to choose experiments and activities that you want to do, within a certain framework of course. Part of my job is to help you make your choices. Next, I’d like to mention that in each workbook chapter, there are usually two sub-sections. The first is called experiment, and second is called activities. In the experiment section the workbook gives full instructions for all the experiments including alternate procedures. You may use the procedure you wish on the basis of available equipment or personal preference. In the activity section, you will find suggestions for many experiments, exercise and projects that you can do on your own time. You’ll see that there are usually no detailed instructions for the activities. You are supposed to do them on your own way. OK, let’s turn to chapter one now.
Questions:
14. What is the instructor describing?
15. How are the activities different from the experiment?
16. When could this talk be given?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: Right, well, in the studio this morning, for our interview is Peter Wilson. Peter works for Greenpeace. So, Peter, welcome.
M: Thanks a lot. It’s good to be here.
W: Great! Now, Peter, perhaps you can tell us something about Greenpeace and your job there. When was the organization established?
M: It was established a decade ago and the headquarters is located in London.
W: What kind of organization is Greenpeace then? What is its major task?
M: Well, we’re a non-violent, non-political organization. We’re involved in anti-nuclear activity, conservation and protection of animals and protection and support of our eco-system.
W: So, to be more specific, what are you in charge of?
M: I’m the action organizer and arrange the protests.
W: That’s a pretty important role, Peter. What sort of protest would you organize?
M: Well, recently we’ve been involved in anti-nuclear campaigns. Last week, I personally arranged for the demonstration against radioactive waste dumping in the Atlantic Ocean.
W: I see. How will you stop those who are actually doing some real job polluting the ocean?
M: We have got some small boats patrolling the ocean. Once we find a suspicious ship, we will circle round and try to get in the way when they try to dump the nuclear waste in the ocean.
W: What is people’s reaction to your appeal? Do they support it?
M: Well, people may think differently of our methods but they do support us in different ways. There’s no doubt that we’re doing a great job.
W: Keep it up and good luck. And thanks for talking with us.
M: Thanks for having me.
17. Which of the following statements about the Greenpeace organization is false?
18. What has Greenpeace been involved in recently?
19. How does Greenpeace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?
20. What is the public’s attitude towards Greenpeace’s campaigns?