(共48张PPT)
Ⅲ Learning about Language
and Using Language
Step One：Fast Reading
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．In the diary，the author mainly wants to tell us that________.
A．what he saw in the sea
B．how the fish eat in the sea
C．the vivid colors in the sea
D．all the plants in the sea are poisonous
答案： A
2．What was hanging upside down in the sea according to the text
A．The orange and white anemonefish.
B．The yellow spotted red sea slug.
C．The yellow and green parrotfish.
D．The orange and blue striped angelfish.
答案： C
3．When the author saw two________，he felt scared to death.
A．anemonefish B．parrotfish
C．sea slugs D．sharks
答案： D
4.How many kinds of creatures didn’t the author want to get too close to according to the fourth paragraph
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案： B
5．From the whole text we know that the author felt that________.
A．he was a tiny spot compared with the whole world
B．the ocean was a tiny spot compared with the whole world
C．there was no danger in the sea except sharks
D．all kinds of fish were waiting for something for food.
答案： A
Step Two：Careful Reading
Read the text carefully and then match the topic of each paragraph.
Paragraph Topics
1.Paragraph 1 A．Colours and shapes
2.Paragraph 2 B．Dangers
3.Paragraph 3 C．Reflecting
4.Paragraph 4 D．The reef’s edge
5.Paragraph 5 E．A final thought
6.Paragraph 6 F．Some sea creatures
答案： 1.C 2.A 3.F 4.B 5.D 6.E
reflect
(1)vt.映射；反射；思考
①Parker reflected that most people have no idea how hard teachers work.
帕克考虑过，大多数人都不知道老师有多么辛苦。
②The mountains were reflected in the still water of the lake.
群山倒映在平静的湖水中。
③The sunlight was reflected from the water.
日光由水面反射回来。
(2)vt.思考
(教材原句P24)I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
④I reflected on possible reasons for my failure.
我仔细考虑导致我失败的种种原因。
reflect sb./sth.in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth.from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect on/upon sth.思考某事
reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像
be lost in reflection陷入沉思
④The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection in the mirror.
小猫看到自己在镜子中的影像，感到很好奇。
1.The sky and the green trees were________in the calm surface of the lake.
A．responded B．reflected
C．repeated D．refused
解析： 句意为：平静的湖面上映出了天空和绿树的倒影。reflect映射、反射，符合题意。respond回复，回应；repeat重复； refuse拒绝。
答案： B
vivid adj.
(1)生动的；活泼的
①He gave a vivid description of this event as if he were there.
他生动地描述了这个事件，好像他当时在场。
(2)(光线或颜色)鲜明的；鲜艳的，反义词为dull
②She was wearing a vivid green dress for the party.
她身穿鲜艳的绿色连衣裙参加晚会。
(3)栩栩如生的，清楚的
③This is a vivid picture of life in the fields.
这是田野生活的生动写照。
④I have a vivid memory of my first day at the university.
我一直清楚地记得上大学第一天的情景。
2.I’m not surprised that he became a writer.Even as a child he had a ________imagination.
A．clear B．cautious
C．funny D．vivid
解析： 句意为：他成为一名作家我一点都不觉得奇怪。很小的时候他就有丰富的想象力。vivid生动的，逼真的，丰富的，vivid imagination丰富的想象力，符合题意。clear清楚的；cautious细心的，谨慎的；funny滑稽的。
答案： D
scare
(1)vt.& vi.恐吓；受惊吓
sb.be scared of sth.某人害怕……
scare sb.into doing sth.吓得某人干……
scare sb.out of doing sth.吓得某人不敢干……
scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死
(教材原句P24)I told myself they weren’t dangerous but that didn’t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!
我告诉自己他们不危险，但我一时还是吓得要死！
①They’ll scare her out of telling the police.
他们要把她吓得不敢报警。
②You scared me by coming in so quietly.
你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。
③She is scared of going out alone at night.
她害怕晚上一个人出去。
④Most girls are scared to light the firework.
大多数女孩不敢放烟花。
3．The scene in the movie________me.I am________I will leave before it ends.
A．scares；scared B．scares of；scaring
C．scares；afraid D．scares of；afraid
解析： 考查动词用法。scare用做动词时是及物动词，表示“使害怕，使恐惧”，其后不需再接介词。I am afraid (that)此处表示“恐怕……”。句意为：电影中的镜头吓了我一跳，恐怕等不到演完我就要先走一步了。
答案： C
be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到……
(教材原句P24)The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens.
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。
①The children were aware of the harm of taking drugs.
孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害性。
②As a matter of fact，I was not aware of the cause of the fire.
事实上，我不知道火灾的原因。
③You are not aware (of) how worried I felt about your safety.
你不知道我多么担心你的安全。
④He was not aware that he had made a serious mistake.
他没有意识到他已犯了一个严重的错误。
⑤As far as I am aware，nobody has done anything about it.
据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。
4.Most teenagers are not________the danger of playing computer games，which I think does more harm than good to them.
A．well aware to B．well aware of
C．aware that D．very aware of
解析： 本题考查短语be aware of的用法。be well aware of对……相当清楚。空后并不是一个从句，故不选C项。句意为：很多青少年对玩电脑游戏的危害认识不清，我认为玩电脑游戏对他们来说弊大于利。
答案： B
upside down上下翻转
①The naughty child is always turning everything in the room upside down.
这个淘气的孩子老是把房间的东西搞得乱七八糟。
②He was holding the book upside down.
他倒拿着那本书。
③The house was turned upside down by the burglars.
那屋子被窃贼翻得乱七八糟。
④He wore the sweatshirt inside out.
他当时把运动衫反过来穿了。
助记
5.Turn the bottle________to empty it before you fill it with oil
A．back and forth B．up and down
C．upside down D．now and then
解析： 句意为：把瓶子倒过来先控一控再装油。upside down上下颠倒，符合题意。back and forth来回地；up and down上下地，到处；now and then时而，不时。
答案： C
I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天。
with a cold drink in my hand是with的复合结构。
with的复合结构可以是“with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词(短语)/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式”，常用来作状语，表示条件、原因、方式、时间、伴随情况等，其中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作，现在分词表示宾语与该动词为主动关系，而过去分词则表示宾语与该动词之间为被动关系或动作已结束。
(1)with＋n.＋adj.
When he is eating，he doesn’t speak with his mouth full of food.
他在吃饭的时候，满嘴食物不能说话。
(2)with＋n.＋adv.
With the breakfast over，the boy hurried to school.
吃完早饭，这个男孩匆匆上学去了。
(3)with＋n.＋prep.phrase
The teacher came in with books under her arms.
老师胳膊底下夹着书走了进来。
(4)with＋n.＋to do
With his homework to do，he has to stay at home without playing football.
因为有作业要做，他不得不待在家里而没有去踢足球。
(5)with＋n.＋doing
He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在那里眼睛看着天空．
(6)with＋n.＋done
He went out to play with the work done.
他做完工作出去玩了。
6.________foreign trade recovering，the recent labor shortage in the southeast of China has become a hot topic.
A．As B．Upon
C．With D．For
解析： 句意为：随着对外贸易的恢复，近来中国东南部的劳动力短缺成为一个热点话题。with＋名词＋分词结构可以表示伴随状况。
答案： C
7．John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work________，he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing
C．having finished D．was finished
解析： 句意为：约翰收到一份宴请函，而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。根据句意，工作应是被完成，所以确定在A、D中选。with复合结构中，所缺部分作宾补，D项只能作谓语，故选A。
答案： A
Seeing such extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.
看到这样奇特的美景，我全身的每个细胞都苏醒了。
seeing短语为现在分词作原因状语。I与see之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
①Being ill，he didn’t go to school today.
今天他病了，所以没去上学。
②Seeing nobody at home，the thief decided to break in.
看到没人在家，小偷决定破门而入。
③Gathering around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.那些旅行者们聚在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。
8.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah pretended to be cheerful，________nothing about the argument.
A．says B．said
C．to say D．saying
解析： 句意为：Sarah假装很高兴，没有对这次争论进行评论。本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构得知，此处是分词作伴随状语，故排除A项谓语动词的形式；say与逻辑主语Sarah之间是主动关系，排除表被动的B项；动词不定式作状语通常表目的或出乎意料的结果，故C项与语境不符。
答案： D
Ⅰ.用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1．This show about the development of the city is held ________(annual)．
答案： annually
2．In the past，people believed that there was no life in the ________(deep) of the sea.
答案： depths
3．He’s a good actor，and plays all his characters ________ (vivid)．
答案： vividly
4．She washes her dress every day in order to keep it ________ (neatly)．
答案： neat
5．A________(sharpen) increase in housing prices made thousands of people unable to afford a house.
答案： sharp
6．His only hobby is to eat all different kinds of________ (taste) food.
答案： tasty
7．I used to be________(scare) of snakes，but no longer.
答案： scared
8．I think two weeks off will give her time for ________ (reflect)．
答案： reflection/reflecting
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He should have an operation，or he will be________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(牺牲的危险)．
答案： in danger of losing his life
2．You should________ ________ ________ ________(考虑计划) for a moment，then make a decision.
答案： reflect on the plan
3．Look！The poster on the wall is________ ________ ________ (挂倒了)．
答案： hanging upside down
4．Not having noticed the man on the corner，Mary ________ ________ ________ ________(吓死了) when she saw him.
答案： was scared to death
5．Tony seemed very shallow and he didn’t________ ________ ________(意识到) the potential dangers.
答案： become aware of
Ⅲ.课文原句
1．我坐在温热的晚风中，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回想着那一天——那绝对神奇的一天。
I’m sitting in the warm night air________a cold drink in my hand and ________on the day—a day of pure magic!
答案： with；reflecting
2．看到这样奇特的美景，我全身的每个细胞都苏醒了。
________ such extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.
答案： Seeing
3．然后有两条约1.5米长的灰色的珊瑚鲨突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。
Then there were two grey reef sharks，each about one and a half metres long，________ ________ ________ ________behind some coral.
答案： which suddenly appeared from
4．这个海底世界是多么美妙，多么漫无边际啊！
________ ________ ________，________ ________it was down there!
答案： What a wonderful；limitless world
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠(共30张PPT)
OLD TOM THE KILLER WHALE
I was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station.I had heard of the killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales.I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.
On the afternoon I arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.It was black and white and fish shaped.But I knew it wasn’t a fish.
“That’s Old Tom，the killer，” one of the whalers，George，called out to me.“He’s telling us there’s a whale out there for us.”
Another whaler yelled out，“Rush oo...rush oo”．This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
“Come on，Clancy.To the boat，” George said as he ran ahead of me.I had already heard that George didn’t like being kept waiting，so even though I didn’t have the right clothes on，I raced after him.
Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat，showing us the way.A few minutes later，there was no Tom，so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom，circling back to the boat，leading us to the hunt again.
Using a telescope we could see that something was happening.As we drew closer，I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
“What’re they doing？” I asked George.
“Well，it’s teamwork—the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale’s blow hole to stop it breathing.And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea，” George told me，pointing towards the hunt.And just at that moment，the most extraordinary thing happened.The killers started racing between our boat and the whale just like a pack of excited dogs.
Then the harpoon was ready and the man in the bow of the boat aimed it at the whale.He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot.Being badly wounded，the whale soon died.Within a moment or two，its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.The men started turning the boat around to go home.
“What’s happened？” I asked.“Have we lost the whale？”
“Oh no，”Jack replied.“We’ll return tomorrow to bring in the body.It won’t float up to the surface for around 24 hours.”“In the meantime，Old Tom，and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue，”added Red，laughing.
* * *
Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters，they never harmed or attacked people.In fact，they protected them.There was one day when we were out in the bay during a hunt and James was washed off the boat.
“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！” urged George，shouting loudly.
The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat.The waves were carrying James further and further away from us.From James’s face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.Then suddenly I saw a shark.
“Look，there’s a shark out there，” I screamed.
“Don’t worry，Old Tom won’t let it near，” Red replied.
It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James，and when we approached him，I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.I couldn’t believe my eyes.
There were shouts of “Well done，Old Tom” and “Thank God” as we pulled James back into the boat.And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still attacking the whale.
虎鲸老汤姆
1902年6月，我开始在捕鲸站里工作，那时我才16岁。在此之前我曾经听说过虎鲸每年帮助捕鲸人捕捉大鲸鱼。当时我以为只是一个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过多次。
有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出海面，然后又坠落到水里。它黑白相间，样子像鱼。但我知道它并不是鱼。
“那是老汤姆，是虎鲸。”一位叫乔治的捕鲸人高声对我说。“它是在告诉我们那边有一头鲸，叫我们去捕猎。”
另外一位捕鲸人大声喊叫，“快走啊……走啊”。这是宣告猎鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
“克兰西，快来，上船去，”乔治在我前面边跑边说。我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没有穿上合适的衣服就跟在他后面跑起来。
一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。我朝水里望去，可以看到老汤姆就在渔船旁边游着，为我们指路。几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用浆拍打水面，汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
通过望远镜，我们可以看到远处有情况发生了。走近一看，原来是一头大鲸受到约六、七条虎鲸的攻击。
我问乔治，“它们在干什么呢？”
“啊，它们在协同作战呢——那些虎鲸正在往那头鲸的出气孔上扑去，不让它呼吸。而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃跑，”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。就在这时候，最精彩的场面出现了。虎鲸们在我们的渔船和那头鲸之间开始追逐了，就像一群发狂的猎狗一样。
于是，猎鲸叉准备好了，站在船头的那个人把叉瞄准了那头鲸，扔了出去，恰好击中了要害，鲸受了重伤，没过多久就死了。过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。捕鲸人于是调转船头往回走。
“怎么啦？”我问道，“我们失去鲸了吗？”
杰克回答说：“不，我们明天再回来运鲸鱼的尸体。它在24小时以内是不会浮出水面的。”雷德笑着补充说：“在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿的，鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食。”
* * *
虽然老汤姆和其他虎鲸都很凶恶，但是它们从来不伤害人，也不袭击人。事实上，它们还保护人。有一天，我们出海捕鲸的时候，詹姆斯被冲下水去了。
乔治边催促边大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
那天海上波涛汹涌，很难调转船头。海浪把詹姆斯冲得离我们越来越远。从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。随后我们看到一条鲨鱼。
我尖叫起来，“瞧，那边有一条鲨鱼。”
瑞德回答说：“别着急，老汤姆不会让它靠近的。”
我们花了半个小时才把船调过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳托着詹姆斯。我几乎不相信自己的眼睛。
当我们把詹姆斯拉上渔船的时候，大家都欢呼着“老汤姆，好样的”，“感谢上帝”。后来，老汤姆离开了，回到捕猎的地方，跟其他虎鲸一起追捕鲸去了。
A NEW DIMENSION OF LIFE
19th January
I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic！I went snorkelling on the reef offshore this morning and it was the most fantastic thing I have ever done.Seeing such extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.It was like discovering a whole new dimension of life.
The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens. The corals were fantastic—they were shaped like fans，plates，brains，lace，mushrooms，the branches of trees and the horns of deer.And all kinds of small，neat and elegant fish were swimming in and around the corals.
The fish didn’t seem to mind me swimming among them.I especially loved the little orange and white fish that hid in the waving long thin seaweed.And I also loved the small fish that clean the bodies of larger fish—I even saw them get inside their mouths and clean their teeth！It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves，shelves and narrow passages with my underwater flashlight：the yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down，and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird like mouth；a yellow spotted red sea slug was sliding by a blue sea star；a large wise looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it.
There were other creatures that I didn’t want to get too close to—an eel with its strong sharp teeth，with only its head showing from a hole，watching for a tasty fish (or my tasty toe！)；and the giant clam half buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips.Then there were two grey reef sharks，each about one and a half metres long，which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.I told myself they weren’t dangerous but that didn’t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!
The water was quite shallow hut where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.It marked a boundary and I thought I was very brave when I swam over the edge of the reef and hung there looking down into depths of the ocean.My heart was beating wildly—I felt very exposed in such deep clear water.
What a wonderful，limitless world it was down there！And what a tiny spot I was in this enormous world！
崭新的生活空间
1月19日
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！这天上午，我戴着呼吸器在近海的珊瑚礁上潜泳，这是我从来没有过的绝妙经历。看到这样奇特的美景，我周身的每个细胞都苏醒了。就像发现了一个全新的生活空间似的。
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。那些珊瑚都是稀奇古怪的——有的形状像扇子、盘子、脑袋和彩条、有的像香菇、树枝和鹿角。还有种类繁多、小巧整齐、姿态优雅的鱼穿行在珊瑚丛中，或环游于珊瑚的四周。
我在这些鱼群中游泳，它们似乎并不在意。我特别喜欢那些橘黄和白色相间的小鱼，它们藏在波动着的细长的海藻里。我也喜欢那些为大鱼清洁身体的小鱼——我甚至还看到这些小鱼游进大鱼的嘴里去帮它们刷牙。当我用水下探照灯探索小石洞、岩石和狭窄通道的时候，似乎每个角落都有使我感到惊奇的东西等着我：黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用它那像鸟嘴一样的硬嘴从珊瑚上吸吮微小的植物；带着黄斑点的红色海蛞蝓从一个蓝色的海星旁边滑行过去；一只长相聪慧的大乌龟紧贴着我的身旁而过，我几乎可以摸着它了。
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们——一条带有利齿的鳗鱼，只是把头从石洞里伸出来，望着可供美餐的鱼过来(或者在等着我的美味脚趾伸过去)；一个巨大的蛤蚌半掩在珊瑚礁中等着有什么东西游过来，游到它那宽厚的绿嘴唇中去。然后，还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从珊瑚后边游了出来。我自言自语地说它们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的恐惧心情！
海水是浅的，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直降到满是沙子的海底。它是边界的标志，我游过珊瑚礁的边沿，浮在上面往下看海底的时候，我认为我还是非常勇敢的。我的心急剧地跳动着——在这样深邃而清澈的海水中，我感觉我彻底曝光了。
这个水底世界是多么美妙，多么漫无边际！而我在这个巨大的海洋世界中又是多么渺小！
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠(共17张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming up
and Reading—Pre reading
Step One：Warming up
If we are on a snorkeling trip under the sea，we’ll come across a great variety of marine animals.What can you see
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Dolphins；Jellyfish；a sea turtle；sea horse，shark and so on.
Step Two：Fast reading
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The text is mainly about________.
A．the killer whales are easily trained
B．the killer whales can help the whalers catch the huge whales
C．the killer whales kill the whales for their food
D．the killer whales drag the whales under the water
答案： B
2．Old Tom throws itself out of the water and then crashes down in order to________.
A．give the whalers the information about a whale
B．tell the whalers it is hungry
C．help the whalers catch the whale
D．inform the whalers to run away
答案： A
3．After the whale died，the whalers turned the boat around and went home because________.
A．they knew it would not float up to the surface until tomorrow
B．they abandoned it
C．they had to do it because it was too late
D．a dead whale is useless
答案： A
4．The killer whale protected James by________.
A．fighting the shark
B．killing the shark
C．preventing the shark going closer
D．dragging him back
答案： C
5．We can infer from the text that________.
A．the killer whales may be trained by the whalers
B．the killer whales want to help man catch the whales themselves
C．the killer whales need no training for helping the whalers
D．the killer whales want to eat the whales after killing them
答案： C
Step Three：Detail reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and find out the correct name to each blank.
1．________was 16 years of age when he went to work at the whaling station.
答案： Clancy
2．________ordered Clancy to go to the boat as there was a whale out there in the bay.
答案： George
3．________was swimming by the boat，showing the whalers the way.
答案： Old Tom
4．________told Clancy that they would return the next day to bring in the body of the whale.
答案： Jack
5．________was carried by the waves further and further away from the whales.
答案： James
6．________knew that Old Tom would protect James.
答案： Red
Ⅱ.What’s the main idea of the text
The passage consists of________anecdotes written by Clancy. They are mainly about how Old Tom helped the whalers _____ _______and________________________________________________________________________.
答案： two；hunt the whale；saved James from being attacked by a shark
Ⅲ.Read the passage again and find the answers to the following questions.
1．What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping out the whalers
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Old Tom let the whalers know that there was a baleen whale nearby；he showed them the way to the whale.
2．Why did George think that the killer whales worked as a team
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Because he knew that，together with the whalers，they would soon kill the baleen whale and get a good feed.
3．Why did the whales return home without the whale’s body
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Because the body would not float to the surface until about 24 hours.
Step Four：Summary
When I began working at the whaling station，I had 1.________ killers helping whalers catch whales，but I didn’t believe it until I 2.________it with my own eyes.
One day，while I was 3.________________my accommodation，I heard a loud noise from the bay—it was Old Tom，one of the killer whales.It was telling us that there was a whale out there for us.So we 4.________Old Tom to the hunt. The killers used great 5.________to attack the whale，which，badly 6.________，soon died.
Although Old Tom and the other killers were 7.________，they never harmed or attacked people.In fact，they 8.________ them.One day，James was washed off the boat，and it was Old Tom that saved his life.
答案： 1.heard of 2.witnessed 3.sorting out 4.followed 5．teamwork 6.wounded 7.fierce 8.protected
Step Five：Discussion
In groups，describe the relationship between Old Tom and the whalers.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Old Tom had a strong relationship with the whalers. There was obviously a great deal of understanding and cooperation between them.(共6张PPT)
What Kinds of Creatures Are Sharks
一提到鲨鱼，人们通常会想到它的凶残。实际上，鲨鱼很少袭击人，除非它们被激怒或者它们感到了危险。
Sharks can be found in every ocean of the world.To many people，however，there’s only one kind of shark：the man eating white shark.They think sharks will attack anything they come across.
Sharks are sometimes thought of as primitive creatures，since they have existed for millions of years.In fact，sharks are very smart，and have fantastic senses of smell and hearing，as well as good eyesight in low light conditions.
Sharks are rarely man eaters.Except under unusual circumstances，sharks do not attack people.Most shark attacks are caused by humans getting too close to sharks，or if they are provoked and feel threatened.Only four species are considered dangerous：the great white，tiger shark，bull shark，and oceanic white tip shark.
They come in all shapes and sizes.While the great white may reach 21 feet in length and weigh over 2,500 pounds，the largest is the whale shark，at 60 feet.The smallest is only 10 inches.
Sharks are the most misunderstood creatures in the world.They have a very useful role to play under sea.Being high up in the food chain，they help keep the ecosystem balanced.
Unfortunately，sharks are hunted for their livers，skin，teeth，and flesh，or just killed because they are thought dangerous.This has not only put them but the entire ocean food chain at risk.
It is important for us to understand the nature of the problem，and that protecting sharks and other creatures is a must.
生词小贴士：1.primitive adj.原始的 2.provoke v．激怒 3.ecosystem n．生态系统(共40张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar and Writing
动词 ing形式的被动语态
一、v. ing被动形式的构成
名称 形式 语法意义
一般被动式 being done 被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成被动式 having been done 被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
He could not bear being made fun of like that.
他受不了人家那样开他的玩笑。
Having been invited，Mr Li went there to give a speech though he was busy.
李先生受邀去那儿作演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。
二、v. ing被动形式的语法功能
1．作主语
Being exposed to the sunlight is harmful to your skin.
暴露在太阳下对你的皮肤有害。
2．作宾语
I don’t like being laughed at in public.
我不喜欢当众被人嘲笑。
3．作宾补
I heard this song being sung in English then.
那时，我听过有人在用英语唱这首歌。
4．作定语
The meeting being held now is very important.
现在正在召开的会议非常重要。
点津： v． ing的一般被动式表示一个被动的动作正在进行；过去分词表示一个被动的动作已经完成；不定式的被动式表示将来的一个被动的动作。
Have you been invited to the meeting to be held tomorrow
你被邀请参加明天的会议了吗？
The meeting being held now is of great importance.
现在正在举行的会议非常重要。
You should have been invited to the meeting held yesterday.
你本来应该被邀请昨天举行的会议。
5．作状语
Being asked to give a performance，she couldn’t very well refuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。
Having been scolded many times，he still made the same mistakes.尽管被斥责多次了，但他仍然犯同样的错误。
6．作表语
The South China is being flooded because of the continuous heavy rain.
由于持续的强降雨，华南正被洪水围困。
三、在v. ing的被动形式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式
He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.
没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。
Having been translated into several languages，the book became famous all over the world.
译成多种语言后，这本书风靡全球。
(2011·上海卷)At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind，________that he could do nothing to help.
A．to realize B．realized
C．realizing D．being realized
解析： 句意为：我曾经下决心要和Sam叔叔谈谈，可后来我改变了想法，意识到他根本帮不上忙。考查非谓语动词作状语。空格处非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，可排除表被动的B和D两项；A项不定式通常表目的，在此不符合语境，也被排除。此题中用现在分词作伴随状语，表原因。
答案： C
(2011·北京卷)Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，________on your feet.
A．to keep B．keeping
C．having kept D．to have kept
解析： 句意为：坐下，Emma。站着只会让你更加劳累。本题考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语you与keep之间为主动关系，所以选择B项，现在分词作伴随状语。A、D两项为不定式，通常表示目的，所以排除；C项为现在分词的完成式，不表示伴随，故排除。
答案： B
(2011·四川卷)Lydia doesn’t feel like________abroad.Her parents are old.
A．study B．studying
C．studied D．to study
解析： 句意为：Lydia不想出国读书，因为她的父母都老了。考查非谓语动词。这里用固定搭配feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”，只有B项现在分词形式符合搭配。
答案： B
1. The girl still clearly remembers________to Shanghai Expo last August，even though she is no more than three years old.
A．taking B．being taken
C．to take D．to be taken
解析： remember后接动词 ing形式作宾语，意为“记得做过某事”；若后接不定式作宾语，则意为“记得要去做某事”。且句中The girl与take之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
答案： B
2．________many times，he finally understood it.
A．Told B．Telling
C．Having told D．Having been told
解析： 句意为：告诉他很多次之后，他终于明白了。tell与句子主语he在逻辑上存在被动关系。句中又有many times，故用现在分词的完成被动式。
答案： D
3．I am very pleased at________chosen a member of the school volleyball team.
A．you are B．you were
C．you have been D．your having been
解析： your having been chosen a member...是动名词短语作宾语。
答案： D
4．________in an atmosphere of simple living now was what her parents wished for.
A．The girl to be educated
B．The girl educated
C．The girl’s being educated
D．The girl was educated
解析： the girl与educate之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动式作主语。
答案： C
5．Research________out at Livepool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use the sense of direction，we’ll lose it.
A．to carry B．carrying
C．being carried D．having carried
解析： being carried out意思是“正在开展”，是v. ing的被动形式作定语，修饰research，意为“正在进行的研究”。
答案： C
6．She is shy.She is not used to________in front of others.
A．praise B．praising
C．being praised D．be praised
解析： 句意为：她很害羞。她不习惯于在其他人面前受表扬。be used to sth./doing sth.意为“习惯于……”。句中动作praise与主语she构成动宾关系，故用被动语态。
答案： C
7．________gave a big warning to anyone who is lazy and dishonest in the company.
A．He being fired B．He was fired
C．He fired D．His being fired
解析： 本题考查分词的被动形式的用法。根据句意“他被解雇这件事对公司里那些懒惰和不诚实的人来说是一个很大的警告”，故选D。
答案： D
8. If you ask me，I would say that I won’t mind ________ abroad to enrich my knowledge.
A．taking B．to take
C．to be taken D．being taken
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果你问我，我会说我不介意被派往国外丰富知识。mind介意，后跟动名词而不跟不定式作宾语，由句意可知，应使用动名词的被动结构。
答案： D
9．Generally speaking，Helen is friendly and patient，but she doesn’t like________waiting.
A．keeping B．being kept
C．to keep D．be kept
解析： 本题考查动词 ing形式的被动用法。she和keep之间存在着被动关系，因此用being kept。句意为：一般而言，海伦是友好而又有耐心的，但她不喜欢别人一直让她等待。
答案： B
10．________of danger in the street last night，she had to go home，with a friend________her.
A．Warned；followed
B．Warning；following
C．Having warned；following
D．Having been warned；following
解析： 本题考查现在分词的被动完成式。第一个空用现在分词完成时的被动形式表示原因，相当于Since she had been warned of danger in the street last night，后面是with的复合结构作伴随状语。
答案： D
11．________the same question for many times，the singer was absolutely impatient.
A．Being asked B．Having asked
C．Having been asked D．To be asked
解析： 分词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语；ask与the singer之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。
答案： C
12. ________for several days，these flowers finally died.
A．Having not watered B．Not watering
C．Not been watered D．Not having been watered
解析： 分词表示的动作发生于主句谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式，其否定式为not having done；water与these flowers之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。
答案： D
13. ________such a good chance，he made up his mind to make full use of it.
A．Having given B．Having been given
C．Giving D．Being given
解析： 考查动词 ing的被动语态的完成形式。句意为：被提供了这么好的一个机会，他下决心要好好利用它。B为动词 ing的被动完成形式，表分词动作早于谓语动作，意思为“已经被给”，符合题意。He和chance之间是被动关系，可排除A和C；D为现在分词的被动形式，表正在进行，所以也不符合题意。
答案： B
14．—Did you have a good time at the party
—Yeah.I appreciated________to your home.
A．to be invited B．to have invited
C．being invited D．having invited
解析： 本题考查动词 ing形式的被动用法。动词appreciate后须跟动词的 ing形式；又因invite和句子主语I之间存在被动关系，所以此处应用动词 ing形式的被动式。
答案： C
15．“________to attend the lecture is my great honor，”the boy said happily.
A．Invited B．Having invited
C．Being invited D．Inviting
解析： 考查动词 ing的被动形式。句意为：“被邀请来参加此讲座是我的荣幸，”男孩高兴地说。男孩是“被邀请”，因此应用被动。
答案： C
如何写投拆信
在日常生活中，人们常会遇到令人不满意的情形，如所购买的商品有瑕疵、售后服务不好、旅游过程中受到不公正的待遇等诸如此类的状况。这时我们可以通过写投诉信求得解决。投诉信与普通书信格式一样，但要注意的是写投诉信是为了求得解决问题而不是泄愤，因此写信时一定要态度诚恳、礼貌委婉，反映问题的时候不能伤了双方的和气，同时还要考虑如何使问题得以解决。
一、写作步骤
投诉信一般应包括以下几个方面：
(1)自我介绍。
(2)投诉的目的。
(3)投诉的原因：具体讲述不满意的地方。
(4)希望得到的结果：写投诉信的最终目的是为了解决问题，所以应提出相应的解决方案和建议性的意见。
(5)表示感谢。
二、常用句式
①I feel sorry to trouble you but I am afraid I have to make a complaint about...
②There are some problems with...that I wish to bring to your attention.
③I am writing to express my concern/dissatisfaction/ disappointment about...
④ To improve the situation/solve the problem，it is advisable for you to take the following measures.
⑤We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind.
⑥I’ll be very thankful if you can consider my suggestion..
⑦I would like to have this matter settled by the end of...
三、典题示例
假设你是临沭一中的学生李明，周日下午去阳光影院看了电影《2012》，但是在观影过程中发现了一些问题。请你根据下列的提示用英语给影院经理写一封信。
1．因广告过多，影片放映晚点；
2．音量太大；
3．安全出口标志不明；有安全隐患。
注意：1.词数：120左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．注意书信的格式。参考词汇：出口exit；安全隐患the safety hazard。
四、范文点评 Dear Manager，
I’m a student from No.1 Middle School of Linshu. On Sunday afternoon，I went to your cinema to see the film 2012. The film was very good，but I’m disappointed with my experience at the cinema because of some problems existing there.
Firstly，when I was waiting for the film，there were so many ads at the beginning that the film was delayed for nearly 20 minutes，which_made_us_audience_rather_annoyed.Secondly，the sound of the film was so loud that I could hardly hear it clearly. Thirdly，the signs of the safe exit were not clear enough，which presented the safety hazard.And_if_something unexpected_should_happen，it_would_be_difficult_for audience to_get_out_quickly.
For_the_sake_of customers，I’m_writing_the_letter in the hope_that_you_can_consider_these_problems_carefully_and make_some_improvements_as_soon_as_possible.
Yours faithfully，
Li Ming
1.本文整体结构合理，要点全面，表达清晰。作者在叙述过程中委婉地指出影院的问题，使用了过渡词Firstly，Secondly，Thirdly，使得文章更加流畅、紧凑。
2. “I’m writing the letter in the hope that you can...”语气委婉，体现了写作这类信件的基本要求。
3.此外，文章还运用了．..which made us audience rather annoyed 非限制定语从句，还有And if something unexpected should happen，it would be difficult for audience to get out quickly.虚拟语气，虚拟语气的使用体现了作者对于所提建议的谨慎态度以及对收信者恳切的情感。Unit 3 Section Ⅲ
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．________at my classmates’ faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A．Looking B．Look
C．To look D．Looked
解析： 此题考查非谓语动词。句子的主语I与look之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。不定式位于句首常作目的状语。
答案： A
2. He is quite________of the risk，but he has no choice but to go ahead.
A．eager B．aware
C．sensitive D．serious
解析： 考查固定搭配及词义辨析。eager意为“渴望的，热切的”，常用于be eager to do结构；be aware of意识到；be sensitive to对……敏感； serious严肃的，严重的。
答案： B
3. (2011·浙江卷)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a week end away________my daughter heard cries for help.
A．after B．while
C．since D．when
解析： 句意为：一个周五，我们正在打包要出去度周末，这时我女儿听到有人求救的声音。本句考查“be doing..when(正在做……这时……)”这一结构，在本结构中，when是并列连词，表示“这时”的意思，相当于and at that time。
答案： D
4．The thief fell to the ground，his left foot________and blood________down from his mouth.
A．breaking；running B．broken；running
C．breaking；run D．broken；run
解析： 考查独立主格结构。句意为：小偷摔在地上，摔伤了左脚，血从他的嘴里流了出来。foot和break之间是动宾关系，故第一空用过去分词；blood和run是主谓关系，故第二空用现在分词。
答案： B
5. It was pretty________of the young man to realize that they were in great danger，so he cut off the electricity at once.
A．sharp B．strong
C．eager D．absurd
解析： sharp意为“灵敏的，机警的，敏捷的”。句意为：那个年轻人十分机警，他意识到他们处境很危险，因此立即切断了电源。strong强大的，强壮的；eager渴望的；absurd荒谬的。
答案： A
6. I finally persuaded her to see the new film “If You Are The One Ⅱ” directed by Mr Feng，________she didn’t want to.
A．now that B．so that
C．as if D．even though
解析： even though用于引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，纵然，尽管”。题意为：尽管她不想去，我最终还是说服她去看了冯先生导演的《非诚勿扰Ⅱ》。now that既然；so that以便，为了；as if 好像，仿佛。
答案： D
7．In my opinion，he is a________person because he always judges others by their appearance.
A．shallow B．practical
C．proud D．selfish
解析： 考查形容词辨析。句意为：我认为他是一个肤浅的(shallow)人，因为他总是以外表来评判他人。practical实际的，实用的；proud骄傲的，自负的；selfish自私的。只有A项符合语境。
答案： A
8．The________of our natural resources is one way to make sure we have enough energy in the future.
A．target B．boundary
C．depth D．conservation
解析： 句意为：对自然资源的保护是保证我们将来有足够的能源的一种办法。conservation保护，保存。
答案： D
9．The servant couldn’t find the plate and finally she found it lying________on the floor.
A．bottom out B．inside out
C．upside down D．top down
解析： 考查短语辨析。upside down是固定搭配，意为“上下翻转”，此处表示碟子反着躺在地面上。bottom out停止恶化；inside out里面朝外，top down自上而下的。
答案： C
10．Most city workers might not earn a lot of money but when they retire they get a good________.
A．salary B．donation
C．pension D．bonus
解析： 考查名词辨析。句意为：虽然城里的工人挣钱不多，但他们退休的时候能得到一笔很可观的养老金(pension)。salary工资，薪水；donation捐赠，捐助；bonus奖金，红利。
答案： C
11．We hadn’t planned to meet at that party.In fact，we met there by________chance.
A．true B．real
C．sure D．pure
解析： pure完全的，纯粹的，by pure chance常用作习惯搭配，纯属偶然。句意为：我们并没有计划在聚会上碰面，事实上，我们在那里碰面纯属偶然。true真实的；real真的；sure肯定的。
答案： D
12．We were scared________when the earthquake broke out，but our teacher managed to make us calm down.
A．to die B．to death
C．of being dead D．of dying
解析： be scared to death吓得要死，吓死了。句意为：地震发生时，我们吓得要死，但我们的老师设法让我们镇静了下来。be scared to do和be scared of doing意思是“害怕做某事，不敢做某事”。
答案： B
13．The little boy was running so fast that he couldn’t________himself.
A．pause B．stop
C．prevent D．catch
解析： 句意为：这个小男孩跑得太快了，自己都不能停下来。因为空格后有宾语himself，故不可用不及物动词pause；C项和D项在意思上不符合语境。
答案： B
14. Just as the clothes a person wears，the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time，his house________his personality.
A．resembles B．strengthens
C．reflects D．shapes
解析： 句意为：一个人的穿着、他所吃的食物、和他共度时光的朋友能反映一个人的性格，他的住房也可以。resemble与……相像；strengthen加强；reflect反映，显示，表明；shape形成，塑造。C项符合语境。
答案： C
15．Jack caught an injured bird，which walked slowly，________one wing along.
A．dragging B．and dragging
C．dragged D．to drag
解析： 用动词 ing形式作伴随状语，修饰walked。句意为：受伤的小鸟拖着一只翅膀，走得很慢。
答案： A
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Parents’ job is to teach their children the basic skills and give them the knowledge they need to be successful in life.This，to me，requires teamwork.For example，the mother teaches her children manners and good health skills，while the father teaches them how to catch a ball or drive a car.However，in today’s society，we find that more and more parents are feeling that this teamwork is a one sided thing.According to a report，there are about 13.7 million single parents raising their children in the USA and this could be due to the fact that parents don’t take responsibility for their children，so they leave one parent to do it alone.This is a sad fact，and it reflects that effective teamwork is losing ground in the parenting aspect of our everyday lives.
Another place where teamwork affects us greatly is in our jobs.It doesn’t matter if you are in a small or large company；if you have at least one employee and yourself，then teamwork works.I have noticed that with the current economic recession (衰退)，people are racing to find jobs but the quality of people’s work has gone down greatly.It just appears to me that people don’t take pride in their work anymore.They get to work as fast as they can，just to receive the paycheck，but their quality standards fly__right_out_of_the_window.So I think teamwork is losing its ground in the workforce.
As you can see，we run into the aspects of teamwork in just about everything we do. Teamwork is all about working together to achieve a common goal and after reading this article，please judge this for yourself “do you believe teamwork is losing ground in today’s society”．In my opinion，I think it is.
语篇解读： 年轻人的团队精神正在丧失，主要原因是单亲家庭增多和目前经济萎缩导致人们不太乐意跟他人合作，作者也提出了自己对这个问题的看法。
1．According to the first paragraph，the author may agree that________.
A．today’s parents are too busy to spare time for their children
B．it is the mother’s duty to bring up the young children
C．fathers are spending too little time taking care of their children
D．parents play a very important role in their children’s success in life
解析： 作者观点题。根据Parents’ job...be successful in life可知D项正确。
答案： D
2．What might be the reason why there are many single parents raising their children in the USA
A．Because single parent families are more popular in the USA.
B．Because parents in the same family find it hard to get along.
C．Because more parents are not responsible for their children.
D．Because the children prefer to have one parent in the house.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的this could be due to the fact that parents don’t take responsibility for their children可知C正确。
答案： C
3．According to the passage which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Bringing up children does not need teamwork at all.
B．The quality of people’s work is not as good as before.
C．Only in large companies does teamwork take place.
D．Children usually learn manners and how to drive a car from their father.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段．..the quality of people’s work has gone down greatly可知B对。
答案： B
4．The underlined phrase “fly right out of the window” probably means________.
A．disappear B．improve
C．increase D．matter
解析： 词义猜测题。根据前文的the quality of people’s work has gone down greatly和but表示的转折关系可知，该短语表示“丧失，失去”的意思，故选A这一项。
答案： A
5．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．What an economic recession is and what influence it has.
B．The life of single parent families in the USA.
C．People don’t take pride in their work any more.
D．Teamwork is losing ground in today’s society.
解析： 主旨大意题。本文主要是分析团队合作在当今社会的状况。
答案： D
It has been reported that there is a new trend towards what’s called soap dodging.
This attitude to cleanliness is popular in the UK—and growing.Last year，a survey found that 41% of British men and 33% of women don’t shower every day，with 12% of people only having a proper wash once or twice a week.
Over the last few years there have been suggestions that daily hair washing is quite unnecessar.Many people clearly agree.There are，of course，environmental benefits.With the aim of reducing his carbon footprint，environmentalist Donnachadh McCarthy limits his showers to twice a week.“The rest of the time I have a sink (洗脸池) wash，” he says.“I believe that I’m as clean as everyone else.” It has helped him to get his water consumption (消耗) down to just 20 litres a day—greatly below the average level in the UK.
As McCarthy points out，it’s only recently that we have expected people to bathe or shower every day.“When I was a kid.” he says，“the normal thing was to bathe once a week.”
We have begun to seek extreme cleanliness，to create a kind of culture.As McCarthy says，it’s not entirely unusual for people staying in hotels to waste 1,000 litres of water a day—showering in the morning，after the swimming pool，before dinner，before bed.Some experts fear that this regular washing is washing germs off our skin that could actually be beneficial to us and that help our skin stay healthy，balanced and fresh.
It might be worth us all occasionally missing a shower or two，then，so long as we don’t throw out the baby with the bathwater.While being environmentally friendly is good，smelling like a bin is not.
语篇解读： 越来越多的英国人放弃每天淋浴的习惯，其目的是为了保护环境。该理念对受到破坏的大自然无疑是个好消息，但我们也要注意适度，能保持适度干净的同时为环保做贡献那才是最好的。
6．According to the passage，“soap dodging” may refer to the phenomenon of________.
A．using soap to keep us clean
B．taking less showers than usual
C．avoiding soap’s bad effect on humans
D．giving up soap by using other products
解析： 细节推理题。从文章大意可知这种新的模式是通过减少淋浴的次数来保护环境，所以B项正确。
答案： B
7．McCarthy showers just twice a week because________.
A．the water is expensive there
B．he thinks showering is time wasting
C．he wants to live a low carbon life
D．he is conducting an experiment of saving water
解析： 推理判断题。从文章第三段的With the aim of reducing his carbon footprint...可知他是基于环保方面的考虑，希望通过自己生活方式的改变来减少碳的排放。
答案： C
8．According to Para 4，we can know that in the past________.
A．people didn’t bathe as frequently as nowadays
B．all people bathed once a week
C．people were expected to shower every day
D．children didn’t like bathing
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，McCarthy认为他小时候通常每周洗澡一次，而现在人们每天洗澡一次，故人们以前洗澡不如现在如此频繁。
答案： A
9．According to the passage，some experts take the view that showering every day may________.
A．do harm to the skin B．make us feel energetic
C．prevent us against harmful germs D．help our skin stay healthy
解析： 细节理解题。从文章第五段的Some experts fear that this regular washing is washing germs off our skin that could actually be beneficial to us可知专家认为经常洗澡会洗掉一些对我们皮肤有益的细菌。
答案： A
10．From the passage we can learn that the author agrees________.
A．we should recycle bathwater
B．we’d better have a bath twice a week
C．people at present don’t care for cleanliness more than the past
D．we should find a balance between cleanliness and water saving
解析： 细节理解题。从文章最后一句While being environmentally friendly is good，smelling like a bin is not可知，作者认为虽然要爱护环境但是身上有异味可不好，所以D项正确。
答案： DUnit 3 Section Ⅱ
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The girl had to________her journey because of her mother’s illness.
A．abandon B．leave
C．escape D．stop
解析： 句意为：由于那个女孩的母亲生病了，她不得不放弃旅行。leave离开，遗留；escape逃跑；stop停止。
答案： A
2．He was born and brought up here.As a man of nearly 80，he has________all the changes in this city.
A．watched B．observed
C．noticed D．witnessed
解析： 考查动词辨析。句意为：他是这里土生土长的人。作为一个年近八旬的老人，他见证了(has witnessed)这个城市的一切变化。watch观察，注视；observe观察，观测；notice发觉，察觉。
答案： D
3．Whenever she heard that someone had trouble，she would go to________.
A．find out B．work out
C．carry out D．help out
解析： 句意为：每当听说有人有困难时，她都会去帮助解决。help out帮助摆脱困境或危险，符合题意。find out找出，发现；work out做出，解决；carry out实施。
答案： D
4．—May I open the window to let in some fresh air
—________
A．Come on! B．Take care!
C．Go ahead! D．Hold on!
解析： 句意为：“我可不可以打开窗户让新鲜的空气进来一些？”“打开吧。”come on加油；take care小心；go ahead干吧，做吧；hold on稍等。
答案： C
5．It is reported that the Beijing Shanghai High Speed Railway will be completed in about forty five months，about two or three months________.
A．in the meantime B．in no time
C．against time D．ahead of time
解析： ahead of time意为“提前”，根据句意可知北京到上海的高铁将提前约两三个月完工。in the meantime“在此期间，与此同时”；in no time立即，马上；against time争分夺秒地，尽快地，三者与句意不符。
答案： D
6. She is looking for________that is reasonably convenient to both the university where she is studying and the downtown area where she works.
A．occupation B．accommodation
C．furniture D．equipment
解析： 本题考查名词辨析。句意为：她正在寻找既方便于在大学里学习又方便于在城里打工的住处。accommodation住处，膳宿；occupation占用，工作，职业；furniture家具；equipment设备，器材。
答案： B
7．I________speak________my companion drew my attention to something that was passing in the far corner of the room.
A．was about to；when B．was going to；while
C．was to；as D．was about to；then
解析： be about to..when为固定句型，意思是“正要做某事，就在这时……”。
答案： A
8．The reason why I missed the party was that my car was ________in the traffic jam.
A．held up B．hung up
C．broken up D．kept up
解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我错过聚会的原因是我的车在路上遇到了交通堵塞。A意思为“阻挡，使停止”，符合题意。B为“把……挂起来，挂断(电话)”；C为“打碎，破碎，结束”；D为“保持，维持，继续进行，坚持”，均不符合题意。
答案： A
9．In the________Spring Festival Concert，there are some new singers who become famous for their works.
A．every B．each
C．one D．annual
解析： 句意为：在每年的春节音乐会上，总有一些新歌手因为他们的作品而出名。annual每年的；按年度计算的，符合题意。
答案： D
10．The police hoped that the people who________the car accident would be able to provide some clues.
A．witnessed B．prevented
C．changed D．avoided
解析： 考查动词辨析。句意为：警察希望目睹车祸的人可以提供一些线索。witness目睹，符合题意。prevent阻止；change改变；avoid避免。
答案： A
11．Our journey to Yunnan was far from a pleasant one.________took us more than thirty hours to get there.
A．It B．That
C．What D．Which
解析： 考查it的用法。句意为：我们的云南之旅远远不能令人愉快。到达那儿花了我们30多个小时。考查It takes sb.some time to do sth.结构，表示花费某人一段时间做某事，A符合题意。
答案： A
12．The mother praised her son for his bravery，________that she was proud of him.
A．said B．saying
C．to say D．to be said
解析： 考查动词 ing的用法。句意为：妈妈表扬了儿子的勇敢，说她为儿子而感到自豪。mother和say构成主动关系，所以用动词 ing形式，故只有B符合题意。
答案： B
13．All his classmates________his happiness when he won first prize in the competition.
A．shared B．shared from
C．shared with D．shared like
解析： share sth.(with sb.)(与某人)分享某物，share不与like和from连用。
答案： A
14．Once decided nothing can________me carrying out our plan.
A．prevent B．keep
C．protect D．prefer
解析： 考查动词词组区别。prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事；keep sb.doing sth.让/保持某人做某事；protect sb.from sth.保护某人不受(侵害)；prefer sb.to do sth.宁愿某人做某事，根据语意和结构应选A项。句意为：一旦定下来没有什么可以阻挡我实施我们的计划。
答案： A
15．The frequent robbers’ attacks near the banks were so often that it________the local police to take immediate action to fight against the criminals.
A．called B．charged
C．urged D．impressed
解析： 句意：银行附近频繁的抢劫案促使当地警方立即采取行动，打击罪犯。urge催促，极力主张，驱策；urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人干某事，符合题意。charge收费，控诉；impress使印象深刻，使铭记。
答案： C
Ⅱ.完形填空
There was a little boy who was terribly ill.He was unable to move and had to__1__all day in bed.Because his friends weren’t__2__to go near him，he felt quite__3__and blue.
There wasn’t much he could do but look out of the__4__.As time passed，his feelings of hopelessness grew rapidly，__5__one day when he saw a strange shape in the window.It was a penguin eating a sandwich.
The boy was very__6__.He was still trying to__7__what had happened，when outside the window he saw a monkey，busy blowing up a balloon.At first the boy asked himself what could__8__be happening，but after a while，as more crazy looking characters__9__outside the window，he burst out laughing and found it hard to__10__.
Anyone would__11__stop laughing when seeing a pig playing a drum，or a dog__12__a pair of glasses and acting like a human.The little boy didn’t tell anyone about this because he didn’t think anyone would __13__this.Even so，those strange characters ended up putting__14__back in his heart.Soon his__15__improved so much that he was able to go back to__16__again.
There，he talked to his classmates about all the__17__things he had seen.While he was talking，he saw something__18__out of his friend’s school bag.The boy asked his friend what it was，and he was so__19__that finally his friend had to show him what was in the bag.
There，inside，were all the fancy dress__20__that his friend had been using to cheer him up！And from that day on，the little boy always did his best to make sure that no one was sad or lonely.
语篇解读： 本文讲述了一个关于友情的小故事。小男孩患重病，住进了医院。在医院里，他感觉非常孤单和难过。正在这时，他的朋友因为不能去医院陪他，所以想了个方法来逗他开心。这个故事告诉我们友情有多么珍贵。
1．A.spend B．take
C．cost D．pay
解析： 整天待在病床上，把时间花费到某事上，人作主语，用spend。
答案： A
2．A.advised B．allowed
C．accompanied D．afforded
解析： 根据后文他很孤独，可知医院是不允许他的朋友来接近他。allow允许，同意；advise建议；accompany陪伴；afford负担得起。
答案： B
3．A.ashamed B．sad
C．embarrassed D．exhausted
解析： 从前文内容和后文的“blue”都可知小男孩伤心难过的心情。
答案： B
4．A.door B．office
C．window D．dormitory
解析： 从后文窗外的见闻可以推知只能看看窗外。
答案： C
5．A.after B．since
C．unless D．until
解析： 句意：随着时光的流逝，他的绝望与日俱增，直到有一天，他在窗户上看到一个奇怪的身影。表示“直到……”用until。
答案： D
6．A.surprised B．excited
C．annoyed D．frightened
解析： 根据“a strange shape”以及具体的描述可推知该小男孩应该是感觉很惊讶。 surprised感到惊讶的；excited兴奋的；annoyed恼怒的；frightened受惊的，受恐吓的。
答案： A
7．A.carry out B．set about
C．bring up D．figure out
解析： 因为感到惊讶，所以正在想到底怎么回事。figure out计算出，想出；carry out执行；set about开始做；bring up提出。
答案： D
8．A.simply B．obviously
C．possibly D．fortunately
解析： 因为小男孩不确定是什么东西，在推测是什么，所以表示“可能性”，选C。possibly可能地；simply简单地；obviously明显地；fortunately幸运地。
答案： C
9．A.flew B．appeared
C．arose D．practiced
解析： 越来越多奇怪的身影出现在窗边。appear出现；fly飞；arise产生；practice练习。
答案： B
10．A.stay B．pause
C．stop D．stand
解析： 根据下文可知看到小猪打鼓，狗像人一样戴着眼镜的情形，没有人能够停止大笑，可知这里用stop。
答案： C
11．A.never B．ever
C．also D．still
解析： 看到“a pig playing a drum...”他应该是不可能止住笑。
答案： A
12．A.bringing B．wearing
C．dressing D．playing
解析： “戴眼镜”用动词wear 。
答案： B
13．A.appreciate B．arrange
C．believe D．like
解析： 他没有告诉别人应该是他认为没有人会“相信”这样的事。
答案： C
14．A.awareness B．celebration
C．happiness D．congratulation
解析： 从前文的“burst out laughing...”可知是给他带来了欢乐。
答案： C
15．A.position B．record
C．status D．situation
解析： 从后文的“his friend’s school bag”推断他是回到了校园，应该是恢复健康了才能回到校园。
答案： D
16．A.hospital B．work
C．home D．school
解析： 由后文的There，he talked to his classmates可知小男孩的身体恢复后就可以上学了。
答案： D
17．A.famous B．strange
C．terrible D．serious
解析： 从前文可知是奇怪的事情。虽然给他带来了快乐，但他因为觉得没人会相信他所以没跟人说，现在终于回到校园，他应该想和朋友们分享这些“奇怪的”事。
答案： B
18．A.sticking B．spreading
C．pulling D．falling
解析： 从“finally his friend had to show him what was in the bag”可以推知小男孩之前是不完全能看到朋友书包里的东西，所以应该是东西从包里伸出来了。stick out伸出来；spread out舒展开；pull out拉出来；fall out掉落。
答案： A
19．A.patient B．curious
C．cautious D．painful
解析： 从“finally his friend had to show him”可推知他十分好奇，所以朋友才打开书包的。patient忍耐的，耐心的；curious好奇的；cautious谨慎的；painful痛苦的。
答案： B
20．A.toys B．balls
C．glasses D．books
解析： 从前文的描述可知是着装漂亮的“玩具”。
答案： A
Ⅲ.阅读理解
People in different parts of the world have different birthday traditions.In the United States，people often celebrate a birthday at a party.They give presents and serve cake and ice cream.But in Korea people celebrate by eating seaweed soup and rice cakes decorated with nuts and dried fruit.
In China people eat “longevity (长寿) noodles” on their birthdays.These long noodles symbolize long life.On a child’s birthday，special foods may be served that include an egg dish.Adults have birthday parties，and the sixtieth birthday is a big celebration.
Children in Mexico have birthday parties with family and friends.An empty figure in the shape of an animal，flower，or favorite thing is filled with candy and prizes.It is called a pi ata，and is hung from the ceiling.The children，whose eyes are covered，take turns striking the pi ata with a stick.The child who breaks it will have good luck.When the pi ata breaks，everyone tries to take the treasures that fall out.
A kinderfest is a child’s birthday party in Germany.Historians think the Germans were the first to have birthday parties for kids.A wooden birthday wreath with candles on it is placed on the table.There are as many candles as the years of age of the birthday child plus one for good luck.The candle for good luck，“life” candle，is lit every year until a child becomes 12 years old.
A child at a birthday party in Canada may find a coin in the cake.The child who finds it goes first when party games are played.Guests may be given “crackers”．A cracker is a tube decorated in colored paper.A paper strip (带) is used to pull the cracker apart.It makes a loud bang.Inside may be a prize or a paper that tells the person’s fortune (运气)．
语篇解读： 本文介绍了世界各地不同的生日传统。
1．Which nation first held children’s birthday parties according to historians
A．The Koreans. B．The Mexicans.
C．The Germans. D．The Canadians.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段的Historians think the Germans were the first to have birthday parties for kids可知，为儿童举办生日聚会的做法是从德国开始的。historian是“历史学家”的意思。
答案： C
2．What do a pi ata and a cracker have in common
A．Both are hung from the ceiling.
B．There is colored paper in them.
C．Guests need to break them with a stick.
D．Prizes may be found in them.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的filled with candy and prizes和最后一段的Inside may be a prize可知，两种东西里面都可能装有奖品。
答案： D
3．________candles should be put in a birthday wreath for a 9 year old child’s birthday in Germany.
A．8 B．9
C．10 D．12
解析： 简单计算题。由第四段最后两句可知，在德国的儿童生日聚会上，蜡烛数量为儿童岁数加1，故9岁儿童的生日应使用10根蜡烛。
答案： C
4．At a child’s birthday party，________.
A．the Koreans eat rice cakes decorated with fresh fruit
B．the Germans put a birthday wreath on the table
C．the Mexicans eat a kind of candy called “pi ata”
D．the Canadians eat special cakes with coins in them
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段的A wooden birthday wreath with candles on it is placed on the table可知，德国人给孩子过生日的时候，要在桌子上放一个花环。
答案： B
5．What is the passage mainly about
A．Birthday traditions around the world.
B．Different birthday foods in the world.
C．The development of birthday parties.
D．How to give presents at birthday parties.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一句话及全文内容可知，本文介绍的是世界各地不同的生日传统。
答案： A(共45张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming up
and Reading—Language Points
witness
(1)vt.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历；作证
(教材原句P20)I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.当时，我以为那只不过是个传说而已，但是后来我亲眼目睹了许多次。
①We are witnessing the most important scientific development of the century.
我们正亲眼目睹本世纪最重要的科学发展。
②Recent years have witnessed a price increase.
近几年，物价飞涨。
③His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他的身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
④The old man gave witness on behalf of an accused person.
那位老人为被告作证。
1.Mrs Black took the police back to the same place where she________the robbery on her way to shopping.
A．inspected B．observed
C．surveyed D．witnessed
解析： 句意为：布莱克夫人把警察带回到那个她在去买东西的路上目击了抢劫的地方。inspect检查，审查；observe仔细观察；survey调查；witness目击，目睹。
答案： D
②The university offers excellent accommodations for summer visitors.
这所大学为夏季来访者提供了很好的住宿。
③Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
2.After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide________for the homeless families.
A．accommodation B．occupation
C．equipment D．furniture
解析： 句意为：地震之后，当地政府首先做的事情是为无家可归的家庭提供住所。accommodation住所，住宿，符合句意。其余三项：occupation占用，工作，职业；equipment设备，器材；furniture家具，均不符合语境。
答案： A
“而其他那些(虎鲸)则阻止它潜水或逃跑，”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。
①Many artists fled to/into America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.在二战初期，很多艺术家逃到了美国。
②You should not flee from responsibility.
你不应该逃避责任。
(2)vt.逃离
③He killed his enemy and fled the country.
他杀死了自己的敌人并逃离了那个国家。
3.The thieves have already________the city，so it is difficult for the police to arrest them.
A．fled B．ran away
C．escaped D．got rid of
解析： 表示“逃离某地”时，ran away和escaped后需加from，got rid of则不合句意。
答案： A
(教材原句P20)“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”urged George，shouting loudly.
乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去。”
①He urged the necessity of patience.
他强调耐心的必要性。
②He urged her to reconsider/into reconsidering her decision.
他劝说她重新考虑自己的决定。
③Father urged that I (should) apologize to my English teacher.
父亲极力主张我应向我的英语老师道歉。
④This course of action was urged on/upon us by all parties.
这个行动方针是各方力促我们作出的。
4.They urged that the library________during the vacation.
A．would be kept opening B．be kept open
C．to be kept opened D．was kept open
解析： 句意为：他们呼吁图书馆在假日期间照常开放。urge后是that引导的宾语从句，从句的谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
答案： B
(2)中止
The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.
因为天气不好，比赛不得不中止。
(3)abandon oneself to沉湎于(某种情感)；陷入
He abandoned himself to despair because of failure.
由于失败他陷入绝望。
5.完成句子
(1)研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of________ ________ ________the care of strangers.
答案： being abandoned to
(2)那个年轻人除了沉溺于玩乐什么都不做。
The young man does nothing but________ ________ ________pleasure.
答案： abandon himself to
ahead of
(1)(时间、空间)在……前面
Although I left home later than Jane，I arrived at the party ahead of her.虽然我比简晚离开家，但我比她先到了聚会。
Ahead of our classroom is a row of labs.
在我们教室前有一排实验室。
(2)领先
After hard work，he is ahead of me in Chinese now.
经过努力学习，现在他的汉语比我的好了。
6.—Could I ask you a rather personal question
—Sure，________.
A．pardon me B．go ahead
C．good idea D．forget it
解析： 句意为：——我可以问你一个私人问题吗？——当然可以，说吧。pardon me请再说一遍；go ahead干吧，说吧，用吧；good idea好主意；forget it没关系，不必在意；(表示不想重复说过的话)别提它了；住嘴。
答案： B
help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
(教材原句P21)What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out
有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？
①Nobody helped me out when I lost my job.
在我失业的时候没人帮助我。
②As he is my best friend，when I am in trouble he will certainly help me out.
因为他是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我。
7.The grandparents________when they saw the gold medal their grandson had got at the Olympic Games.
A．couldn’t help to smile B．couldn’t help smiling
C．couldn’t help but smiled D．couldn’t help but smiling
解析： can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事。can’t help to do sth.无法帮助做某事；can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事。
答案： B
in the meantime/meanwhile在此期间；与此同时
(教材原句P20)“In the meantime，Old Tom，and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue，” added Red，laughing.
瑞德笑着补充说：“在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他的虎鲸会饱餐一顿，鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食”。
①The baby was sleeping；in the meantime，his mother did the washing.婴儿睡着了，在此期间，他妈妈洗了些衣服。
②The doctor will be here soon.In the meantime/ meanwhile，try and relax.
医生很快就来，在此期间，你试着放松一下。
③The meeting will begin in an hour；in the meanwhile，let’s have coffee.
一小时后会议就要开始了，在此期间，我们来喝咖啡吧！
8.Last night Mr Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ________，he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.
A．Meanwhile B．However
C．Instead D．Yet
解析： 句意为：昨晚库克先生没有按往常的时间回来，相反，他会见了一些朋友，呆在外面直到半夜。instead相反。meanwhile在此同时；however然而；yet但是。
答案： C
①You’re too late.We are about to leave without you.
你来得太晚了。我们准备不等你就走了。
②I was about to go out when my mum called me.
我正要外出，妈妈叫我了。
③Don’t go out now；we are about to have lunch.
不要出去了，马上就要吃午饭了。
9.I was________to phone her when she came，giving me a rather happy surprise.
A．looking B．about
C．going D．getting
解析： 句意为：我正要给她打电话的时候，她来了，给了我一个相当大的惊喜。be about to do...when...正要……这时……。
答案： B
10．He was about to say something more________a boy rushed in，gun in hand.
A．that B．when
C．in case D．while
解析： be about to...when刚要做某事，这时……。
答案： B
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He spent six months in prison before________(逃离) the country.
答案： fleeing
2．The children learned about the________(关系) between the moon and the tides.
答案： relationship
3．The report________(敦促) that all children be taught to swim.
答案： urged
4．He________(暂停) for breath and then continued climbing.
答案： paused
5．We should keep off those who a__________themselves to drugs.
答案： abandon
6．We’re good friends，but we have o________views when it comes to politics.
答案： opposite
Ⅱ.选词填空
sort out；in the meantime；get close to；ahead of；help out；be about to
1．I tried to think about all the problems that were ________________ me tomorrow.
答案： ahead of
2．Organizing the school trip will be a lot of work，so I need some volunteers to________________.
答案： help out
3．Your computer won’t be arriving till Thursday. ________________________，you can use Jude’s.
答案： In the meantime
4．He has the habit of________________things，so his room is always tidy and clean.
答案： sorting out
5．I________________________prepare dinner for my family when I realized that the eggs had been used up.
答案： was about to
6．When it gets cold，animals tend to__________________ each other to keep warm.
答案： get close to
Ⅲ.课文原句
1．在我到达捕鲸站的那个下午，整理住处时，我听到海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
On the afternoon ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise________ ________ ________ ________.
答案： I arrived at the station；coming from the bay
2．啊，它们在协同作战呢——那些虎鲸正在往那头鲸的出气孔上扑去，不让它呼吸。
Well，it’s teamwork—the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale’s blow hole________ ________ ________ ________.
答案： to stop it breathing
3．这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
This was the call that announced there________ ________ ________ ________a whale hunt.
答案： was about to be
4．当我们及时赶到岸边时，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。
We ran down to the shore________ ________ ________ ________an enormous animal opposite us________ ________ ________ ________the water and then crashing down again.
答案： in time to see；throwing itself out of
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠
