(共43张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar and Writing
限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
定义 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制性作用的从句
关系词 关系代词 who；whom；whose；which；that；as
关系副词 when；where；why
二、关系词的指代及功能
1．定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用
所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom/who which that
定语 whose/of whom whose/of which
①Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7∶50 am.
那些想去博物馆的人必须在早上7∶50前在大门口集合。
②The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你正在找的医生在房间里。
③Nobody wants the house whose windows are all broken.
没有人想要窗户全坏的房子。
④Jinan is a city which has a history of more than 2000 years.
济南是一个拥有2000多年悠久历史的城市。
⑤The flowers that she received are from her boyfriend.
她收到的花是她男朋友送的。
2．关系代词只用that不用which的情况．
(1)当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词时。
Tell me everything that you know.
告诉我你所知道的一切。
(2)当先行词被very，both，the only，all，every，no，any，little，much，some修饰时。
He was the only person that won a gold medal for his country.
他是惟一一个为他的国家赢得金牌的人。
This is the very reference book that I’m looking for.
这正是我在寻找的那本参考书。
(3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the most beautiful city that I visited.
这是我所参观过的最漂亮的城市。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时。
This is the first lesson that we have this term.
这是我们这学期上的第一节课。
(5)当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
He hasn’t sent us the workers and equipment that we need.
他没有给我们送来我们需要的工人和设备。
(6)当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the coat that you like best
你最喜欢的大衣是哪件？
(7)当先行词在句中作表语时，无论先行词是人还是物。
She is no longer the person that she was.
她不再是以前的她了。
3．由“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，能用于此结构的关系代词主要是which和whom，即prep.＋whom/which，多用于正式文体。
①I don’t know the gentle man to whom I turned for help yesterday.我不认识昨天我寻求帮助的那位绅士。
②I bought a house yesterday the window of which is made of wood.
＝ I bought a house yesterday of which the window is made of wood.
＝ I bought a house yesterday whose window is made of wood.
昨天我买了一所房子，窗户是由木头做的。
③I met an old man last week whose daughter is studying abroad.
＝ I met an old man last week the daughter of whom is studying abroad.
＝ I met an old man last week of whom the daughter is studying abroad.
上周我遇到了一位老人，他的女儿正在国外学习。
点津： the＋名词＋of which/whom＝of which/whom＋the＋名词＝whose＋名词。
4．关系副词when，why，where在定语从句中分别作时间、原因、地点状语，且可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。
①The day will come when (＝on which) we’ll win the final victory.我们赢得最后胜利的日子将会到来。
②We know the place where (＝in which) our teacher lives.
我们知道老师住的地方。
③Do you know the reason why (＝for which) he was so sorry
你知道他那么难过的原因吗？
点津： (1)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。
(2)as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：
such＋名词＋as...像……一样的
the same＋名词＋as...和……同样的
(3)在介词＋关系代词结构中不用that。
①We admired the way (that) he solved the problem.
＝We admired the way in which he solved the problem.
我们欣赏他解决问题的方式。
②I need such a dictionary as you bought badly.
我们急需像你买的一样的词典。
③He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。
(2011·天津卷)The days are gone________physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A．when B．that
C．where D．which
解析： 句意为：“体力是谋生的唯一所需”的时代一去不复返了。本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词为the days，将其代入定语从句后为：On the days physical strength was all...由此可见先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。本题先行词与定语从句隔开，构成了“分割性定语从句”，增加了试题难度。
答案： A
(2011·浙江卷)A bank is the place________they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A．when B．that
C．where D．there
解析： 句意为：银行是在天睛之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the place，将先行词代入定语从句后为：They lend you an umbrella in fair weather and...in rain.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为C项。
答案： C
(2011·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The prize will go to the writer________story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which
C．whose D．what
解析： 句意为：此奖项将会颁发给其作品最具有想象力的作者。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the writer，代入定语从句后为：The writer’s story shows the most imagination.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作story的定语，故答案为C项。
答案： C
1．(2011·山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________ are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
解析： 句意为：这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子。本题考查定语从句。先行词是narrow streets and small houses，还原到从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that。A和C不能引导定语从句；B是关系副词，不能作主语。
答案： D
2．(2011·福建卷)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where
C．what D．who
解析： 句意为：她具有给学生营造一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入从句后为：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以需用关系代词which，故正确答案为A项。
答案： A
3．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school________I met in the English speech contest last year.
A．who B．where
C．when D．which
解析： 代入定语从句后为：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，故用who/whom/that引导，故答案为A。
答案： A
4．That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.
A．that B．which
C．whose D．what
解析： 该句中的________parts are too small to be seen是定语从句，修饰先行词the new machine，空格处作定语，修饰parts，所以该题的正确答案为C。
答案： C
5．The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.
A．where B．who
C．which D．what
解析： where引导的定语从句修饰限定先行词the training centre。
答案： A
6．He is such a lazy man________nobody wants to work with________.
A．as；him B．that；/
C．as；/ D．whom；him
解析： 此题考查对“such...as...”和“such...that”的运用。在such...as...这一结构中，as引导定语从句，as是关系代词；而在such...that...这一结构中，that引导结果状语从句。
答案： C
7．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves
—Yes，there’s one point________we must insist on.
A．why B．where
C．how D．/
解析： 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词point意为“要点，要害”，先行词在从句中充当宾语，关系代词可省。
答案： D
8．Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A．which B．as
C．why D．where
解析： 此题考查定语从句。在定语从句中，只能选择状语，而且先行词case译为“情况”“境况”，故选D。
答案： D
9．I’ll never forget such an attractive city________I spent many happy hours with my parents.
A．that B．where
C．because D．as
解析： 考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知从句中缺少地点状语，先行词又是表地点的名词，因此答案选where。
答案： B
10．You can get all the information you need in the book，________can be found in our library.
A．which B．it
C．what D．which
解析： 考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：你可以从那本书上得到你所需要的所有信息。它可以从我们的图书馆里找到。which指代the book。
答案： A
11．Jack met his best friends at the center________they often played basketball.
A．that B．there
C．which D．where
解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：杰克在经常打篮球的中心遇见了他的好朋友。在定语从句中where作地点状语。
答案： D
12. I will never forget the days________I was living with a host family as an exchange student in England.
A．until B．as
C．when D．where
解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：我永远都不会忘记我在英格兰作交换生时住在寄宿家庭的日子。在定语从句中，when表示时间。
答案： C
13．Could you tell me the reason ________he refused to listen to my advice
A．why B．that
C．for that D．for why
解析： 从句中缺少状语，故用why引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason。
答案： A
14. Have you ever been in such a situation ________you are accused of misunderstanding someone else
A．which B．where
C．when D that
解析： 句意为“你曾经遇到过被指责误解了他人的情景吗？此处situation相当于表地点的先行词，而从句中缺少地点状语，故选B。
答案： B
15．When she came back from abroad，Lucy told us about the cities and the people________she had visited.
A．that B．who
C．where D．which
解析： 关系代词作visit的宾语，且先行词为the cities and the people有人有物，故用关系代词that。
答案： A
人物描写
人物介绍类作文，通过描写人物的肖像、语言、动作、性格特征、精神气质、心理活动及生活细节等，塑造活灵活现的人物，使读者如闻其声、如见其人。
一、写作步骤
1．在记叙生平事迹时，可采用顺叙、倒叙和插叙，或夹叙夹议。
2．发生在一个人身上的事情很多，取材时要注重就此人突出的事迹或成就重点描写。
3．在描写和叙述过程中可对其行为和事迹进行适当评论，或对所介绍的人物做恰当的评述或描述自己的感受。
二、常用句式
★ She is a young...of medium height with a round face，long hair and a big nose.
★...is a lovely ....who is easy going；talkative and ready to help others.
★ Of all......is the one who impresses me most.
★...was so brave that he is loved and respected...
★ He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.
★ He set a good example to us all and we all have learned a lot from him.
三、典题示例
请根据下面的提示，用英语介绍明星志愿者成龙，并将此文投给校杂志。要点如下：
1．成龙(Jackie Chan)出生于1954年；
2．他拍摄并导演了多部电影，曾获得“最佳导演”的荣誉称号；
3．汶川大地震后，成龙第一时间来到灾区，除了捐款外，还主动充当志愿者，看望那些受伤的孤残儿童；
4．他被称为汶川地震中最令人敬佩的明星志愿者之—。
注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
四、范文点评
①Born_in_1954，Jackie Chan has played in a number of films and has also directed many famous ones.He has ever been honored as “Best Director”．
When the earthquake occurred in Wenchuan，he was ②one_of_the_first_stars_to_reach the disaster area and to donate money.As a volunteer，he visited and helped the injured and disabled children.③What_he_did has been highly valued and he was named one of the most impressive star volunteers.
Jackie Chan has set us a good example and we all have learned a lot from him.From him，we know that we should try our best to be a caring person.
本文要点齐全，布局合理，详略得当。
①Born in 1954在句中作状语，体现了作者功底。
②one of the first stars to reach用法准确。
③what引导主语从句运用恰当，提高了文章水准。
④born in，when，as a volunteer，from him等连接过渡词使句与句之间衔接自然，语言流畅。Unit 4 Section Ⅱ
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．There are many websites，________you can find almost all the necessary information.
A．where B．from where
C．when D．from when
解析： 句意为：有许多网址，从那里你能够找到几乎所有必要的信息。
答案： B
2．An awful accident________，however，occur the other day.
A．does B．did
C．done D．doing
解析： 句意为：不过，那天的确发生了一起可怕的事故。强调句子谓语动词的肯定形式为does/do/did＋动词原形。由the other day可知应用过去式。
答案： B
3. There is no doubt________those who work hard will succeed sooner or later.
A．if B．whether
C．why D．that
解析： 句意为：毫无疑问，那些努力工作的人迟早会成功的。此处doubt作名词，no doubt后常跟that引导的同位语从句，该从句对doubt的内容进行解释说明。
答案： D
4. She had just finished her homework________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while
C．after D．since
解析： 前一分句中含有had just done...所以此处要用并列连词when，意为“正在这时”。
答案： A
5．________to know the result of rescue，the relatives of the miners gathered at the door of the boss.
A．Interested B．Curious
C．Dying D．Attracted
解析： 句意为：渴望知道援救的结果，矿工的亲戚们都聚在老板办公室门口。be dying to do sth.渴望做某事。interested感兴趣的；curious好奇的，attracted被吸引的，均不符合句意。
答案： C
6．We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，________we would have given you a hand.
A．therefore B．however
C．otherwise D．though
解析： 句意为：我们不知道你们那时有麻烦，否则，我们就会帮助你们了。therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则；though尽管，虽然，可是。根据句意，只能选择C项。
答案： C
7．As time goes on，the climate is warmer and warmer and many rivers and lakes________.
A．are drying up B．are dried in
C．are being dried off D．are drying on
解析： 句意为“随着时间的推移，气候越来越暖和，许多河流湖泊正逐渐干涸”。dry up意为“干涸”。
答案： A
8．The sooner we students________to the new school，the better it will be________our studies.
A．adapt；for B．adjust；to
C．adopt；for D．admit；to
解析： 句意为：我们学生适应新学校越快，对我们的学习越好。adapt/adjust to适应；adopt收养，为及物动词，不与to连用；admit承认。后句是be good for“对……有益”的变形。
答案： A
9．Education should not be considered to be a________in the modern society，for everyone has the right to do so.
A．privilege B．power
C．usage D．identity
解析： 句意为：在现代社会中，不应该把受教育看成一种特权，每一个人都有权力接受教育。privilege特权，特别优待，符合题意。power能力，力量，权力；usage使用，用法；identity本身，本体，身份。
答案： A
10．________that he made an obvious mistake，Jeff went on with his speech.
A．Not realized B．Not realizing
C．Not to realize D．Not to have realized
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：Jeff没有意识到自己犯了一个明显的错误，继续着他的演讲。主句的主语Jeff与realize是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
答案： B
11. Topics of conversation should be________to the experiences and interests of the students.
A．associated B．connected
C．relevant D．remarkable
解析： 句意为：谈话的主题应该和学生的兴趣与经历有关。relevant有关的，切题的。
答案： C
12．To be honest，I spent three months in________to the new school life.
A．matching B．adjusting
C．adopting D．suiting
解析： adjust to意为“调整，使适合”。题意为：老实说，我花了三个月的时间才适应新学校的生活。match搭配；adopt采纳，收养；suit适合，使适宜。
答案： B
13．—Shall he come today or tomorrow
—Up to him.It makes no________to me.
A．meaning B．trouble
C．relation D．difference
解析： make no difference没关系，没影响。句意为：——他今天来还是明天来？——由他决定，对我来说没区别。
答案： D
14．—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away
—________.
A．It’s your opinion B．I don’ t mind
C．It’s all up to you D．That’s your decision
解析： 句意为：——我们马上去看艺术展吗？——由你决定。be up to sb.由……决定。
答案： C
15．—Henry managed to get the ticket to the Winter Olympics.
—No________he is so happy today.
A．doubt B．way
C．attempt D．wonder
解析： manage to do sth...成功地做了……，no wonder难怪……。句意为：——Henry成功地得到了一张冬奥会的门票。——难怪今天他这样高兴。
答案： D
Ⅱ.完形填空
One day，the master ordered his two servants to plant seeds while he was away.One servant__1__the order of his master to his heart while the other servant only went on his own way.
Every day the first servant worked__2__.Though sometimes he felt tired，he never__3__.There were also times when he got hurt because of stones and other__4__objects.He knew that some day all his hard work would__5__.He believed his master would be__6__with him.But the other servant thought that his master wouldn’t__7__what he was doing.He enjoyed his freedom and__8__his own will.
Many years passed；still the master did not__9__.Bearing his master’s promise，the faithful servant__10__following him，while the other servant__11__around the world.One day their master__12__and was pleased when he found one servant in the field harvesting the crops but__13__when he couldn’t find the other one.
The master called the two servants and__14__why he had been gone for such a long time.He said that he had built beautiful houses as payment for the__15__they provided，and those who had been faithful would be in their new houses.He asked them how good their__16__was.
The faithful servant__17__announced that he had achieved a lot every year while the other servant bowed down and asked for__18__because he had nothing for his master.The master rewarded the first servant and gave him a new house but the other servant got__19__and was punished.
So let us remember to be like the faithful servant__20__when our “master” comes back，we will be rewarded and not punished.
语篇解读： 作者通过这个故事告诉我们，勤劳会有回报，懒惰将一无所得。
1．A.moved B．increased
C．connected D．placed
解析： 根据to his heart及下文中他的行为可知，其中一个仆人把主人的话“放(placed)”在了心上。
答案： D
2．A.well B．skillfully
C．hard D．strictly
解析： 根据语境及下文的all his hard work可知，这个仆人干活很“卖力(hard)”。
答案： C
3．A.set off B．gave up
C．showed off D．gave in
解析： 根据Though及下文的描述可知，那个仆人虽然有时候很疲劳，但从来没有“放弃(gave up)”。
答案： B
4．A.harmful B．strange
C．unknown D．ugly
解析： 能够让人受伤的东西应该是指那些“有害的(harmful)”东西。
答案： A
5．A.go up B．take place
C．pay off D．show up
解析： 这个仆人之所以这么努力干活，是因为他知道迟早有一天会“有所回报(pay off)”的。
答案： C
6．A.pleased B．careful
C．angry D．popular
解析： 这个仆人很努力，他相信他的主人一定会很“高兴(pleased)”的。下一段中的was pleased when he found one servant in the field与此呼应。
答案： A
7．A.understand B．believe
C．mind D．know
解析： 另一个仆人不努力干活，因为他觉得主人不在，没法“知道(know)”他在做什么。
答案： D
8．A.lost B．created
C．followed D．valued
解析： 根据第一段的while the other servant only went on his own way及本句中的He enjoyed his freedom可知，这个仆人并没按照主人交代的去做，而是“按照(followed)”自己的意愿行事。
答案： C
9．A.look back B．come back
C．find out D．turn out
解析： 根据still表现出的语气及下文语境可知，很多年后，主人还没有“回来(come back)”。
答案： B
10．A.stopped B．considered
C．forgot D．kept
解析： 根据Bearing his master’s promise可知，那个仆人“坚持(kept)”按照主人的话做事。
答案： D
11．A.helped B．struggled
C．wandered D．worked
解析： 根据around the world及本段末句的when he couldn’t find the other one可知，那个不干活的仆人依旧在世界各地“游荡(wandered)”。
答案： C
12．A.checked B．appeared
C．succeeded D．visited
解析： 根据语境可知主人回来了，故选B项，表示他“露面(appeared)”了。
答案： B
13．A.disappointed B．surprised
C．frightened D．excited
解析： 根据when he couldn’t find the other one以及两个人的表现可知，主人对另一个仆人很“失望(disappointed)”。
答案： A
14．A.wondered B．answered
C．asked D．explained
解析： 根据why一词及下文语境可知，后面是主人“解释(explained)”的内容。
答案： D
15．A.support B．service
C．time D．job
解析： 主人建房子，是作为仆人给他提供“服务(service)”的回报。
答案： B
16．A.future B．wish
C．will D．harvest
解析： 根据下一段的he had achieved a lot及he had nothing可知，主人在问他们的“收成(harvest)”怎样。
答案： D
17．A.happily B．bravely
C．secretly D．cleverly
解析： 那个忠诚的仆人努力干活，硕果累累，应该是很“高兴地(happily)”展示他的成果。
答案： A
18．A.preference B．difference
C．forgiveness D．support
解析： 那个懒惰的仆人什么成果也没有；应该是请求主人的“原谅(forgiveness)”。
答案： C
19．A.something B．nothing
C．anything D．all
解析： 主人给了勤劳干活的仆人一些奖励，而那个不干活的仆人肯定“什么也没(nothing)”得到。
答案： B
20．A.only if B．even though
C．so that D．in case
解析： 作者建议我们学习那个勤劳的仆人，这样的话，“主人”回来时我们会得到奖励而不是惩罚。这里选C项，表示目的。
答案： C
Ⅲ.阅读理解
If you want to fully enjoy your vacation，then you’d better check the Durban City Tours！This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today.
There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax，right？City life is strained，but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation.Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions.If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets，then Durban is the place to go.You can even get to ride one if you want!
Here you will also get to taste all the delicious South African food.You can choose from Italian cooking to its native dishes.Durban is a great place to tour with your friends and family.You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the streets.Tourists_and_even_the_local_villagers_just_can’t_get_enough_of_these_treats!
However，it is important that you make the necessary arrangements.There are actually lots of tour guides that will help you as you make your journey along the streets of Durban.But if you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban，then you’d better settle for the Street Scene Tours.Their staff are all well trained and professional.They will certainly make your stay here an unforgettable one.No wonder tourists prefer the Street Scene Tours when it comes to Durban City Tours.
语篇解读： 南非的德班是一个旅游的好去处。
1．The underlined word “strained” in Paragraph 2 means________.
A．easy B．stressful
C．steady D．casual
解析： 词义猜测题。根据后文but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation.可知，stained意为“压力大的”。
答案： B
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Durban is a relaxing city. B．People don’t like city life.
C．It is good to have a place to relax. D．One can have fun riding elephants.
解析： 段落大意题。作者在第二段通过有压力的城市生活来反衬德班是一个放松休闲的好去处，A项概括了此意。
答案： A
3．If you walk in the streets of Durban，what will impress you most
A．Tourists from all over the world.
B．The buildings and many kinds of animals.
C．The streets and some wandering elephants.
D．The friendly local people and the scenery.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的to see some elephants wandering...to ride one if you want及第三段中对德班街道上所展现出的城市历史的介绍可知选C项。
答案： C
4．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 3 show
A．The food can’t satisfy them. B．They are bored with the streets.
C．They are treated very well here. D．They never get tired of the sights.
解析： 句意理解题。第三段中讲到德班之所以是一个好去处，是因为它所展示出的历史，而这是游客甚至是当地人永远也欣赏不够的，故选D项。these treats指的就是这些历史赋予人类的恩惠。
答案： D
5．The author wrote the last paragraph mainly to________.
A．attract tourists to Durban
B．help readers make arrangements
C．introduce the tour guides in Durban
D．persuade tourists to choose the Street Scene Tours
解析： 写作意图题。文章最后一段先指出要做好安排，德班的导游都会帮助游客，接着But一词进行转折，引出该段所要强调的重点内容：在Street Scene Tours能选择到最好的导游，故选D项。
答案： D(共64张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming up
and Reading—Language Points
relevant adj.有关的；切题的
(教材原句P29)Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.
有时候我真想知道，化学对这些孩子空间有多大的用处，他们中大部分人学完八年级后还要回到他们村庄去。
①Once we have got relevant information，we will inform you.
一旦得到相关的信息，我们会通知你的。
②What you say is not relevant to the matter in hand.
你所说的于目前这事无关。
1.完成句子
他给了我们很多不太切题的细节。
He gave us a lot of details which________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the subject.
答案： were not quite relevant to
adjust vt.& vi.
(1)适应，习惯
adjust to (doing) sth.适应于(做)某事
adjust oneself to使自己适应于
(教材原句P30)The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.
小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛过了好一阵才适应过来。
①We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.
我们必须尽快适应新生活。
②It took her a while to adjust to living alone.
她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。
(2)调整，调节
③I must adjust my watch；it’s fast.
我的表快了，我得把它校准。
2.He spent a few weeks________himself to his new school life，which was quite different from his former one.
A．returning B．adjusting
C．contributing D．sticking
解析： 考查动词辨析。句意为：他用了几个星期的时间来使自己适应和他以前的生活很不同的新学校生活。adjust使适应，符合题意。return返回；contribute捐助；stick粘贴。
答案： B
participate vi.参与；参加
participate with sb.in sth.与某人分担……
participate in参加
(教材原句P30)I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though I could not participate in the conversation.我喜欢听他们家人细声细气地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能参加谈话。
①We encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.我们鼓励学生全面参与学院的运作。
②Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.
全班同学都应该积极参与这些讨论。
③She participated with her friend in his sufferings.
她分担朋友的痛苦。
3.After he________the golf club，he________a number of competitions and won a lot of medals.
A．took part in；took part in
B．joined；joined
C．joined；joined in
D．joined；took part in
解析： 句意为：加入高尔夫俱乐部后，他参加了很多比赛并赢得了许多奖章。第一空用joined表示“加入并成为其中一员”；第二空用took part in表示“参加比赛并发挥积极作用”。
答案： D
4．Mr Zhang is the best music teacher in our school，but he hurt his left foot and can’t________ tomorrow’s concert.
A．take part B．play a part in
C．participate D．participate in
解析： 句意为：张先生是我们学校最好的音乐老师，但是他伤了他的左脚因此不能参加明天的音乐会。participate参加，常与in连用；play a part in在……起作用，由题意知选D。
答案： D
otherwise
(1)conj.否则，要不然(相当于or)
(教材原句P30)Otherwise they don’t waste anything.
否则他们不会浪费任何东西。
①You should go now，otherwise you’ll miss the bus.
你现在该走了，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。
(2)adv.否则；除此之外；用别的方式
②He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
他提醒了我那件事，否则我可能会忘记的。
③He is slow，but otherwise he is a good student.
他虽慢腾腾的，但在其他方面却是个好学生。
5.The incomes of skilled workers went up.________，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
A．Moreover B．Therefore
C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise
解析： 句意为：熟练的工人的收入增加了，与此同时，不熟练的工人看到他们的收入减少了。moreover此外；therefore因此；meanwhile与此同时；otherwise否则。
答案： C
6．You were too careless in the exam.Otherwise，you ________it.
A．are sure to pass B．were sure to pass
C．would pass D．would have passed
解析： 句意为：你在考试时太粗心了，要不然的话你就能及格了。这是一个含蓄条件句，表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，故选D。
答案： D
privilege
(1)n.特权；特别优待；殊荣
It is a privilege to do sth....做某事是一种殊荣
have the privilege to do/of doing sth.
＝have the right to do sth.有特权(权利)干某事
(教材原句P30)It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
能与汤贝一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。
①You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.你可以享受俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠。
②It was a privilege to make his acquaintance.
能认识他真是荣幸之至。
③I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.
但愿我能有幸与他们再度合作。
(2)v.给予……特权(或优惠)
④They have come up with education policies that privilege the children of wealthy parents.
他们已提出特别优惠富家子弟的教育政策。
7.Ladies and gentlemen，I have the great privilege ________introducing our speaker for tonight.
A．in B．of
C．about D．on
解析： have the privilege of doing很荣幸地做某事。句意为：女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。
答案： B
hear from 收到……的来信，相当于receive one’s letter
(教材原句P29)It was wonderful to hear from you.
收到你的来信真是太高兴了。
①They are looking forward to hearing from their parents.
他们正盼望着收到父母的来信。
②I have never heard of a man with the name John.
我从来没听说过一个名叫约翰的人。
③We were all sorry to hear that Samaranch，the former International Olympic Committee President，died of a heart disease.
听说前国际奧委会主席萨马兰奇因心脏病去世，我们都很难过。
8.—When did you last hear________Jay
—He phoned me this morning，and we agreed________a time and place to meet.
A．of；to B．about；with
C．from；with D．from；on
解析： 句意为：“你最后一次得知Jay的消息是什么时候？”“今天早上他给我打电话，我们约定了见面的时间和地点。”hear about/of听到有关……，听说；hear from收到……的来信；得知某人的消息；agree on sth.在……方面取得一致意见；agree to do sth.同意做某事；agree to sth.同意计划、安排、方案等；agree with sth./sb.同意某人(的意见)。
答案： B
be dying to do sth.极想(渴望)做某事
(教材原句P29)I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here.我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况。
All the students are dying to know the result of the exam.
所有的学生都急于知道考试的结果。
(1)be dying for sth.极想得到某物；渴望某物
She was dying for a holiday to relax herself.
她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。
(2)long/be eager/be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事
long/be eager/be anxious for sth.渴望得到某物
He longs to go to visit the Expo.他渴望去参观世博。
I’m eager to know the truth.我渴望知道事实真相。
9.Many people are dying________a glass of water because of such hot weather.
A．to B．for
C．of D．with
解析： be dying for sth.渴望某物，为固定短语。
答案： B
10．This campaign has been put into practice and the concept________ “harmonious society” is well received by people who are dying ________peace.
A．for；for B．for；of
C．of；for D．of；of
解析： 考查介词搭配。the concept of...意为“……的观念”；be dying for...渴望……。
答案： C
the other day不久前的一天，那天(用于说话前不久的日子)
(教材原句P29)The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
有一天，我正给孩子们做化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
①The other day，I met an old friend in the street.
前几天，我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
②I’m very sorry about that problem the other day.
我对前几天的那个问题感到非常遗憾。
辨析：the other day，one day与some day
短语 意义 用法
the other day 不久前的一天 用于一般过去时
one day 某一天 既可指过去的某一天，又可指将来的某一天
some day 将来的某一天 用于一般将来时
③One day I met him in the supermarket.
有一天我在超市遇见了他。
④Some day you will be sorry about it.
总有一天你会为这件事感到后悔的。
11.用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Never give up，and you________________(succeed) one day.
②She looks at the vendor who________(cheat) her the other day with distaste.
③Thank you very much；some day I______________(repay) you.
答案： ①will succeed ②cheated ③will repay
dry out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
(教材原句P30)Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food.
汤贝告诉我，罐子加热是为了把里面的剩饭菜烧干。
①Don’t leave the bread on the table；it will dry out.
不要把面包放在桌上，它会变干的。
②Dry out the wet clothes in the sun.
把湿衣服拿到太阳底下去晾干。
辨析：dry out与dry up
(1)dry out强调浸水等物的完全变干；干透
(2)dry up强调河流、井等干涸；使干/枯
③During the drought the river dried up.
在干旱期，河流干涸了。
12.Ganhai in Guilin had been a highland glacial lake by the 1940s and was formed after the water had________.
A．dried up B．dried out
C．died out D．died away
解析： 考查动词短语。dry up(河流等的)干涸； dry out(浸水等物)完全变干，干透；die out逐渐消失，灭绝。句意为：到二十世纪40年代为止，桂林的干海一直是冰川湖，是在湖水干涸后形成的。
答案： A
But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I did visit a remote village which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.
不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。
本句中使用了“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成的强调句。
①He did come here yesterday.他昨天的确来这里了。
②We do often go to work by bike.
我们确实经常骑自行车去上班。
③He does realize the importance of English.
他确实意识到了英语的重要性。
13.If you have a job，________yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A．do devote B．don’t devote
C．devoting D．not devoting
解析： 句意为：如果你拥有一份工作，务必要专心致志地工作，最终你会成功的。由“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型可排除C和D，B项不符合逻辑和常识。do用来强调谓语动词devote，意为“务必”。
答案： A
14．In my opinion，Mr White________good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict in their study.
A．does does B．does did
C．does do D．did do
解析： 由at present知时态为一般现在时，does提前用于强调，do good to对……有益，故选C。
答案： C
We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿。先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。
from where we had fantastic views是修饰a ridge的定语从句，其中from where相当于from the ridge。
①She climbed up to the top of the hill，from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。(from where ＝ from on the top of the hill)
②We finally reached the end of the island，from where we could see as far as Japan.
我们终于走到了小岛的尽头，从那里我们居然能看到日本。
③Alice stood at the window，from where she could watch her classmates playing football.
艾丽斯站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。
15.Look over there！Some people are standing under the big tree，________you can enjoy the whole view.
A．where B．from which
C．which D．from where
解析： 句意为：看那儿！有几个人正站在那棵大树下，从那棵大树下你能欣赏整个风景。where代表under the big tree这个地点，which代表the big tree，后句是说从”under the big tree”这个角度，所以只能用from where。
答案： D
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I understand some of the________(概念) of the theory，but I’m not sure about its details.
答案： concepts
2．Once we have all the________(相关的) information，we can make a decision.
答案： relevant
3．I’ll make________(安排) for you to be met at the airport.
答案： arrangements
4．Mail comes to this________(遥远的) village only once a week.
答案： remote
5．He can’t ________(使适应) himself to the busy modern life in this big city.
答案： adjust
6．Everyone in the class is expected to________(参加) in the discussion.
答案： participate
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I________ ________(收到来信) my cousin every two months.
答案： hear from
2．Helen borrowed my book________ ________ ________ (几天前)，saying that she would return it soon.
答案： the other day
3．John hung up his wet wash in order to________ ________ ________(把它晾干)．
答案： dry it out
4．I________ ________ ________(渴望) know where you are from.
答案： am dying to
5．My teaching here________ ________ ________ ________ (对．.....产生影响) these children.
答案： makes some difference to
6．The delay of the airline________ ________ ________ (与．.....有关) the volcanic eruption.
答案： is relevant to
7．________ ________ ________ ________(荣幸之至) to have been invited to the party.
答案： It is a privilege
8．________ ________ ________(老实说)，that’s all the money I have.
答案： To be honest
Ⅲ.课文原句
1．有一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
The other day I________ ________the boys the weekly chemistry experiment________，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
答案： was showing；when
2．有时候，我真想知道化学对这些孩子究竟有多大的用处。他们中大多数学完八年级以后就会回到他们的村庄去。
Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，________ ________ ________will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.
答案： most of whom
3．不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。
But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I________________ a remote village which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.
答案： did visit
4．汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带到他的家里，这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——它表示这间竹屋是男人住的。
Tombe’s father，Mukap，led us to his house，a low bamboo hut with grass________ ________of the roof—this shows it is a man’s house.
答案： sticking out
5．我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿。先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。
We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge________ ________we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
答案： from where
6．说实在的，我怀疑我教的课是否能让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
________ ________ ________，________ ________ ________I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
答案： To be honest；I doubt whether
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠Unit 4 Section Ⅲ
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.—Tell Jack I will wait for him at the school gate.
—________he doesn’t come
A．How about B．What if
C．If only D．Whatever
解析： how about怎么样，后不加句子；what if要是/倘使……怎么样；if only要是……就好了；whatever无论什么。
答案： B
2．Mr Turner gave his son some money for the________of his school books.
A．persuasion B．chase
C．cheat D．purchase
解析： 句意为：特纳先生给儿子一些钱来购买教科书。purchase买，购买；persuasion说服；chase追逐；cheat欺骗。
答案： D
3．Hearing the news，more than 100 people hurried to the scene to________their blood.
A．supply B．donate
C．give D．draw
解析： donate捐赠。句意为：听到消息，一百多人匆匆到现场献血。
答案： B
4．In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，marking the 60th________of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A．decade B．celebration
C．anniversary D．congratulation
解析： decade十年；celebration典礼，庆祝会；anniversary周年纪念日；congratulation祝贺。句意为：2009年四月胡锦涛主席在青岛视察了战舰，纪念中国人民海军成立60周年。
答案： C
5. In that factory，anyone who breaks the rules will be asked to leave________.
A．in need B．on the spot
C．on time D．in turn
解析： 考查介词习语。in need在困难中；on the spot当场；on time按时；in turn依次。根据句意“在那家工厂，凡是违反规定的人当场就被告知离开”可知答案选B。
答案： B
6．As you can see，there is less________and more of an equal chance in life for everyone in modern society.
A．concept B．qualification
C．privilege D．security
解析： 句意为：这一点你也能看出来，现代社会中“特权(privilege)”已逐渐减少，更多的是机会面前人人平等。其余三项：concept观念，概念；qualification资格，资历；security安全，保护，保障，均不符合语境。
答案： C
7．All the donated food and clothing will be________to the poor people in that village.
A．accompanied B．refunded
C．distributed D．collected
解析： 考查动词词义。accompany陪伴；refund退还；distribute分发，分配；collect收集。句意为：所有募捐来的食物和衣服都将分发到那个村庄的穷人手中。
答案： C
8．—He promised to write to me，but I haven’t________him so far.
—Well，something unexpected might have happened to him.
A．adjusted to B．fitted in
C．heard from D．turned to
解析： 句意为：——他答应给我写信的，但我一直没收到他的来信。——也许他出了什么意外。hear from sb.意为：收到某人的来信。其余三项：adjust to适应，调节；fit in相适应，相融和；turn to求助于，致力于，均不符合语境。
答案： C
9. The Great Salt Lake is a great tourist________，and draws a large number of visitors each year.
A．attention B．attraction
C．appointment D．arrangement
解析： 考查名词辨析。句意为：大盐湖是个著名的旅游景点，每年都会吸引很多人。attraction有吸引力的地方，符合题意。 attention注意，专心，留心；appointment约会，预约；arrangement安排。
答案： B
10．Jack is spoken highly of because he is always willing to help people________.
A．in need B．in case
C．in preparation D．in store
解析： 考查介词短语。句意为：杰克被给予很高的评价，因为他总是乐于帮助那些需要帮助的人。in need在困难中，符合题意。in case以防万一；in preparation在准备中；in store即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)。
答案： A
11．Nowadays many people like to go to fast food restaurants，________as the name suggests，eating there doesn’t take much time.
A．which B．where
C．who D．what
解析： 句意为：现在，很多人喜欢去快餐店，顾名思义，在那里吃饭不用花很多时间。关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，同时作eating there doesn’t take much time的地点状语。
答案： B
12．It’s good to see our athletes________the best competitors from other countries in the Guangzhou Asian Games.
A．being participated with B．participating with
C．being participated in D．participating in
解析： participate是不及物动词，故排除A、C项；当表示“与他人共同参加”时，用participate with sb.；当表示“参加某项活动”时，用participate in，故选B项。
答案： B
13．It was hard for the couple to pay off such a large debt because twenty dollars a week was their total________.
A．salary B．expense
C．value D．income
解析： 考查名词辨析。income收入。句意为：还清那笔巨额债务对这对夫妻来说太难了，因为他们每周的全部收入才20美元。salary工资，报酬；expense费用；value价值。
答案： D
14．The hospital________very well，where sick people________every day.
A．is operated；operate B．operates；are operated on
C．operates；are operated D．is operated；operate on
解析： 考查动词用法。第一个operate表示“运作”，是不及物动词；第二个operate表示“做手术”也是不及物动词，表示“给某人做手术”用operate on sb.。
答案： B
15．—What do you want to do？We have an hour before the movie.
—________.Anything is OK with me.
A．It just depends B．It’s up to you
C．All right D．Glad to hear that
解析： 考查交际用语。句意为：——你想做什么？电影开始之前我们还有一个小时的时间。——你决定吧。我怎样都行。It’s up to you。“你决定吧”，符合题意。
答案： B
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A community garden is a shared garden.A group of people get together and share a piece of land for their garden.This could be an empty place，or simply one at a neighbor’s house.
Community gardens are not limited to urban locations.Many rural communities share garden space as well.Some communities will divide their garden into individual plots and others will work on the entire garden together.You may find some community gardens on rooftops.This provides a platform for city citizens where they can communicate with nature even when there’s no yard space.
A community garden can be used to grow flowers and other plants as well as produce.Some community gardeners choose to sell their homegrown goods.Others choose to use it themselves and some do a combination of both.Some community gardeners donate part of their produce to local food banks.Besides，homegrown produce is also much fresher and tastier.
When you belong to a community garden it also gives you a chance to socialize with your neighbors.You’ll develop a better sense of involvement and belonging.You’ll be communicating with people of similar interests，as well as people with different munity gardening often leads to setting up other community projects.
It brings a sense of achievement to know that you’ve taken a piece of waste land and turned it into something beautiful.The entire neighborhood will enjoy the benefits of your hard work.
A community garden is an opportunity for education as well.You may learn from your fellow gardeners.You can also ask local children to join you.This gives them a way to show their creativity and keep them busy，and points them in the right direction.
语篇解读： 本文介绍了什么是community garden(社区花园)，指出了社区花园给种植者、他人以及整个社区带来的积极影响。
1．The passage is mainly to tell us________.
A．the development of a community garden
B．the benefits of a community garden
C．the history of a community garden
D．the way to build a community garden
解析： 主旨大意题。文章前两段先介绍了社区花园的概念和选址，从第三段起介绍了它的种种好处，故选B项。
答案： B
2．According to the passage，a community garden________.
A．can only be built in an urban area
B．is especially suitable for rural areas
C．can sometimes be on the top of a roof
D．can only be shared where there is no yard space
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，社区花园可以建在乡村和城市，也可以建在屋顶。
答案： C
3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The produce of a community garden.
B．The location of a community garden.
C．The definition of a community garden.
D．The popularity of a community garden.
解析： 段落大意题。第三段讲了社区花园中可以种哪些东西以及所种东西的去向，故选A项。
答案： A
4．It can be learned from the passage that a community garden can________.
A．make it unnecessary to go shopping B．improve your study a lot at school
C．make you richer and healthier D．help you avoid feeling lonely
解析： 推理判断题。所生产的农产品不可能满足日常生活需要，更不用说使你越来越富了，而教育应该指的社会性教育(非学习成绩)。但是第四段表明，它有助于消除孤独感。
答案： D
5．According to the passage，what can NOT people gain from community gardens
A．The sense of participation.
B．The sense of achievement.
C．The opportunity for education.
D．The great pride of getting on well with nature.
解析： 细节理解题。通过文章的第三、四、五、六段分别介绍了社区花园的好处，但是没有提及D项。
答案： D
Frederick Douglass，one of America’s greatest men during the American Civil War，was severely abused (虐待) both physically and mentally during his many years as a slave.Frederick knew very little about his father，except that he was a white man.His mother was sent to work on another farm and died when Frederick was about seven years old.Frederick then lived with his grandparents.
At the age of eight，Frederick was sent to work for Hugh Auld in Baltimore，Maryland.About ten years later，he met and fell in love with a free black woman named Anna Murray there.Murray had a job of cleaning other people’s houses.She gave Frederick money to help him escape by getting on a train to New York City.
When Frederick Bailey reached New York，he changed his name to Frederick Douglass to hide his identity from slave capturers.Anna Murray joined him and they were married.They settled in New Bedford，Massachusetts and had five children.
In 1841，he attended the Massachusetts Anti Slavery Society meeting in Nantucket，Massachusetts.Douglass was unexpectedly asked to give a speech to describe his experiences as a slave.After that speech，the Massachusetts Anti Slavery Society asked Douglass to travel to cities throughout the North.He continued to tell about his cruel and sad life as a slave. Many_who_heard_his_story_challenged_its_truthfulness.They thought he was an educated man who created the entire story.
In 1844，Douglass began writing his life story.Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass，an American Slave was published in the following year.During the Civil War，as an advisor to Lincoln，he often had discussions with the President.
After the Civil War，Frederick Douglass went on to hold several positions in the government. He never stopped his efforts to gain equality for all people.
语篇解读： 本文主要讲述美国内战时期为了黑人的自由而奋战的Frederick Douglass的生平事迹。
6．It is implied in the passage that Frederick Douglass________.
A．hated his father very much
B．suffered a lot when he was young
C．didn’t know what his mother looked like
D．was loved by his grandparents very much
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段的was severely abused both physically and mentally during his many years as a slave以及后文关于他的家庭背景以及童年的描述，可推断他年轻的时候受过很多苦。
答案： B
7．We know from the passage that Anna Murray________.
A．didn’t think slaves should run away
B．used to be a slave as Frederick Douglass
C．encouraged Frederick Douglass to escape
D．didn’t expect Frederick Douglass would succeed
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的She gave Frederick money to help him escape by getting on a train to New York City.可知Anna Murray是鼓励Frederick Douglass逃走的。
答案： C
8．Why did Frederick Douglass give up his former name Frederick Bailey
A．Because Frederick Douglass sounded better.
B．Because he was trying to get rid of the slave captures.
C．Because he needed a new name to give speeches.
D．Because he wanted to completely get rid of his past life.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的he changed his name to Frederick Douglass to hide his identity from slave capturers.可知Frederick Douglass改名字是为了躲避那些抓奴隶的人。
答案： B
9．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest
A．Frederick Douglass’ speeches were very bad.
B．People at that time knew the life of a slave very well.
C．Many slaves suffered a lot more than Frederick Douglass.
D．Frederick Douglass’ story was not believed by many people.
解析： 推理判断题。根据后文的They thought he was an educated man who created the entire story.可知很多人不相信Frederick Douglass所讲的关于他自己的故事。
答案： D
10．The passage does NOT directly mention Frederick Douglass as a(n) ________.
A．speaker B．writer
C．advisor D．organizer
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段的was unexpectedly asked to give a speech和第五段的Douglass began writing his life story以及as an advisor to Lincoln可知，A、B、C项中的身份都提到了，但作者并没有直接提到Frederick Douglass是一个组织者。
答案： D(共24张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming up
and Reading—Pre reading
Step One：Warming up
1．What are the volunteers doing
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： (1)fight against the flood and rescue the old and the sick
(2)plant trees and protect our environment
(3)help the disabled
(4)clean the community
(5)Teach the kids in the mountainous areas
2．What does the word “volunteer” mean
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： Volunteers are not paid，not because they are worthless but because they are priceless.People who help others in their community or outside their community would be called volunteers.However，they would not be called volunteers if they help their parents，other relatives or friends.
Step Two：Fast reading
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The purpose that the author wrote the letter is that________.
A．she wanted to tell Rosemary her teaching life in the high school
B．she wanted to tell Rosemary her learning life in the high school
C．she wanted to tell Rosemary that she couldn’t get any money by teaching the poor students
D．she wanted to tell Rosemary how happy she was in the small village
答案： A
2．In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they________.
A．were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B．couldn’t stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C．didn’t like doing chemistry experiments
D．knew chemistry was not relevant to them
答案： A
3．Why does Jo wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids
A．Because she thinks chemistry is too difficult to learn.
B．Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference to the kids’life.
C．Because the kids there hardly come across anything of chemistry.
D．Because she thinks chemistry useless.
答案： B
4．Why did Tombe throw out the tin can
A．Because he believed the can attracted evil spirits.
B．Because he believed any leftovers attracted evil spirits.
C．Because he believed the can has no use at all.
D．Because he believed the grill attracted evil spirits.
答案： B
5．What can we learn about the school
A．It is located in a bush.
B．Its buildings are round.
C．It is very dark inside.
D．It is far from all the students’ homes.
答案： D
Step Three：Detail reading
1．Read the text，divide it into four parts，and then match the main idea of each part.
Part 1：( ) A．Jo and Jenny visited Tombe’s home in the village.
Part 2：( ) B．Opening of the letter and introduction to what will be talked about in the passage.
Part 3：( ) C．The school where Jo worked and Jo’s work at school.
Part 4：( ) D．Closing of the letter.
答案： Part 1：(1)B；Part 2：(2～3)C；Part 3：(4～8)A；Part 4：(9) D
2．Read the text and write down the main idea of the text.
The text is a letter written by Jo，a young volunteer who teaches in a(n)________school in a poor mountainous village.She writes of her experiences as a teacher and her________to the village where one of her students lives.
答案： high；visit
3．Read the text carefully and then answer the following questions.
(1)Why did Jo send Rosemary some photos
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： It was difficult for Rosemary to imagine how life was hard/different in Jo’s school and village.
(2)Why was the high school called a bush school
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： The classrooms were made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.
(3)Why was science the most challenging subject for Jo
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： Her students had no concept of doing experiments.And there was no equipment.
Step Four：Summary Dear Rosemary，
Thanks for your letter.It was wonderful to hear 1.____________ you.As you’re 2____________to hear all about my life here，I’ll talk about it now.
It 3.____________me a few minutes to walk to my high school，where there’s no electricity or water and even no 4.____________.It’s hard to 5.____________to these conditions.I have difficulty in teaching these boys science without any equipment.I even doubt whether I’m making any 6._____ _______to their lives.
It’s quite 7.____________for me to visit local people and get to know them，because I don’t understand their dialect.But once I，together with another teacher，visited a village where Tombe，one of the boys lived.The boy’s hut was dark with 8.____________windows and a narrow doorway.The family had few possessions，but they led a happy life.Although I couldn’t 9.____________in their conversation，I loved listening to their soft talk in their language.People there have the habit of drying 10.____________the leftover food.
We left the village the next morning and felt happy about this experience.
Please write soon.
Love，
Jo
答案： 1.from 2.dying 3.takes 4.textbooks 5.adapt/adjust 6.difference 7.difficult 8.no 9.participate 10.out
Step Five：Discussion
What do you think are the positive and negative things about living in a village in Papua New Guinea
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： positive things
1．Boys value education.
2．Everyone would know each other.
3．The village does not have to rely on outside sources for food.
4．People can live without many possessions.
negative things
1．No running water or electricity
2．The village might be cut off from the outside world and might not have roads to and from it.
3．The village might not have a school so students might have to walk a long way to the closest school.
4．There might not be any medical services close by.(共29张PPT)
A LETTER HOME
Dear Rosemary，
Thanks for your letter，which took a fortnight to arrive.It was wonderful to hear from you.I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here，so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.
You asked about my high school.Well，it’s a bush school—the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track.When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys.Many of them have walked a long way，sometimes up to two hours，to get to school.
There’s no electricity or water and even no textbooks either！I’m still trying to adapt to these conditions.However，one thing is for sure，I’ve become more imaginative in my teaching.Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments.In fact there is no equipment，and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket！The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere！
The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’lives at all.
You asked whether I’m getting to know any local people. Well，that’s actually quite difficult as I don’t speak much of the local English dialect yet.But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.It was my first visit to a remote village.We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.When we arrived at the village，Tombe’s mother，Kiak，who had been pulling weeds in her garden，started crying “ieee ieee”．We shook hands with all the villagers.Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombe’s.
Tombe’s father，Mukap，led us to his house，a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof—this shows it is a man’s house.The huts were round，not rectangular like the school buildings.There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through.The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut，but that night she was going to share the platform with us.
Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut.There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway.The only possessions I could see were one broom，a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.
Outside，Mukap was building a fire.Once the fire was going，he laid stones on it.When hot，he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato)，corn and greens.He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam.I sniffed the food；it smelled delicious.We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire.I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though I could not participate in the conversation.Luckily，Tombe could be our interpreter.
Later，I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway. I was puzzled.Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry ont the leftover food.They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night，so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut.Otherwise they don’t waste anything.
We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home That evening I fell happily into bed.It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
It’s getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow’s lessons and do some paperwork.Please write soon.
Love，
Jo
一封家信
亲爱的罗斯玛丽：
谢谢你的来信，这封信两星期才到。收到你的信真是太高兴了。我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
你问起我的中学情况。它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。每次当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。他们中许多人走了很长的路，有时候要走两个小时才能到学校。
这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！我还在努力适应这儿的生活条件。但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课，因为我的学生对做试验没有概念。实际上，根本没有设备，如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！有一天，我正给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！男孩子们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些孩子究竟有多大的用处，他们中的大多数人学完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。这实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语。不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。我们同所有的村民都握了手。每个人看上去都是汤贝家的亲戚。
汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带到他的家里，这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草———它表示这间竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圆的，不像学校那样是长方形的。这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还新做了一个平台，是供杰妮和我睡觉用的。通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。在竹屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。我所看到的仅有的家具就是一把扫帚，几个锡盘和锡杯，还有两个罐子。
莫卡普在屋子外边生火。火着起来后，他往火里扔了几块石头。烧热之后，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜。然后用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。我用鼻子一嗅，食物闻起来很香。我们在房里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈，我很喜欢听他们谈话，尽管我不能加入他们的谈话。幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。
后来我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿。汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。我不懂为什么这样做。汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。他们相信剩饭在夜晚会引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子一起扔到屋外去。否则的话他们是不会浪费任何东西的。
第二天早晨，经过一番紧密握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。我们爬下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。跟汤贝一家度过一天，真是一种殊荣。
天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的课和做些文书工作呢。请早日来信。
爱你的，
齐
THE WORLD’S MOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUE
Would you like to donate an unusual gift？Then this is the catalogue for you.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.
When you purchase an item，we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.You can use the cards for any special occasion—weddings，births，birthdays，Christmas or anniversaries，etc.
GiftsCost (AUD)
A．20 tree seedlings$5
B．A loan to set up women’s self help group$8
C．Water supply for one person$10
D．Training in vegetable gardening$15
E．Child vaccinations against 6 killer diseases$20
F．School books$20
G．Basic adult education$25
H．Basic health care services$30
I．One year of primary schooling$35
J．A goat for a poor family$40
K．A family toilet$50
L．Water for a family$65
M．A loan to set up a small business$85
N．A sewing machine$100
O．Family nutritional supplements$130
P．Oxen for ploughing$180
Q．A trunk library$200
R．Assistance for families headed by children$300
S．A community primary school$500
T．Village tractor$1,000
U．A well and water pump$1,350
To..............
To let you know that I am thinking of you，I have purchased a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poo rest.
This gift will train a whole village of around 40 families in India，Kenya，or Bangladesh in new agricultural methods，and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipment.Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health，between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.
From............
世界上最有用的礼物清单
你是否想要赠送一份特殊的礼物？那么下面这份礼单供你参考吧。你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确有需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。
从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上最穷苦的人吧！给急需帮助的社区带去改善的希望”吧！
你选购一项礼物时，我们都会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。这种卡片可以用在任何一种特殊的场合——结婚、出生、生日、圣诞节、周年纪念等。
礼物 价值(澳元)
A．20株树苗
B．组建妇女自助会的贷款
C．一个人的用水
D．蔬菜园艺培训
E．预防六种儿童疾病的疫苗
F．学校用书
G．成人基础教育
H．基本保健服务
I．小学一年的学费
J．资助困难户一头羊
K．家用厕具
L．一个家庭的用水
M．建一家小型企业的贷款
N．一台缝纫机
O．家用营养补品
P．耕牛
Q．箱式图书馆
R．对遗孤家庭的扶助金
S．社区小学经费
T．村庄拖拉机
U．水井和水泵
致……
为了让你们知道我在想着你们，特从“世界上最有用的礼品清单”中购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上最穷苦的人。
这份礼物送给印度、肯尼亚或孟加拉国约40户人口的村庄，对他们进行新的农业生产方法的培训，并提供种子和简单的农业机械。仅仅提高20%的产量，就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
来自……
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠(共5张PPT)
International Volunteer Day
国际志愿者日由联合国大会于1985年确定。它为志愿者组织和个人提供了一个展现他们风采的机会。
The world is not made of bricks and mortar.It is made up of people interacting with each other and supporting each other. Each year volunteer workers put in hundreds of thousands of hours in a huge range of activities.Sometimes they are in formal organizations；more often they are simply helping out those in the neighborhood less fortunate than themselves.What they have in common is that they are doing their volunteer work because they want to，not because they are paid.
International Volunteer Day celebrates one of the most honorable jobs in the world—being a volunteer.No matter how small a contribution，International Volunteer Day recognizes the hard work and perseverance of voluteers all over the world. Many not for profit and non government organizations rely on the devotion of volunteers and International Volunteer Day gives these organizations an opportunity to acknowledge their efforts.
The United Nations General Assembly established International Volunteer Day in 1985.International Volunteer Day is the perfect time for an organization to express thanks to its volunteers.Designed to thank volunteers and encourage them to make more great contributions，International Volunteer Day has already been held in more than half of the countries in the world.
生词小贴士：1.mortar n．灰泥 2.perseverance n．坚持不懈(共39张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language
and Using Language
Step One：Fast reading
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Where is the passage from
A．A newspaper. B．A magazine.
C．A textbook. D．A website.
答案： D
2．What is the aim of the passage
A．To sell the goods of the poor people.
B．To help people to pick out a better gift.
C．To expect more people to raise money to help the poor people.
D．To encourage people to buy things for the poor people.
答案： C
Step Two：Careful reading
Read the text and do True or False exercises.
1．If you purchase a sewing machine as a gift，it will cost you 100 AUD.( )
2．A village tractor is the most expensive gift，which costs 1,350 AUD.( )
3．Some families in India，Kenya or Bangladesh can receive some of the gifts.( )
答案： 1.T 2.F 3.T
donate vt.捐赠
donate sth.to sb./sth.向某人/某物捐赠某物
donate sth.to do sth.为做某事而捐赠某物
(教材原句P34)Would you like to donate an unusual gift
你愿意捐献一份不平常的礼物吗？
①She donated a large sum of money to the charity.
她捐赠了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。
②All the teachers and schoolmates donate blood to the nation annually.全校师生每年都向国家献血。
donator n．捐赠者
donation n．捐赠，捐赠物，捐款
give/make/present a donation to...捐赠给……
③She made a donation of a thousand dollars to that poor child.
她向那位可怜的孩子捐赠了1 000美元。
1.The new clothes and tents________by some warm hearted people arrived at the area yesterday.
A．to be donated B．donating
C．being donated D．donated
解析： 句中过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和动作完成。
答案： D
purchase
(1)vt.买，购买
(教材原句P34)When you purchase an item，we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.
你选购一份礼物时，我们会送给你一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特别的人。
①They purchased a new house in the suburb.
他们刚在郊区买了一栋新房子。
②Employees are encouraged to purchase shares in the firm.
该企业号召职工购买其股票。
(2)n.购买物；购买
③He worked all summer to save money for the purchase of piano.
他工作了一整个夏天，为的是存钱买架钢琴。
④Do you wish us to deliver your purchases
你买的东西要我们送货吗？
2.The children helped to carry their mother’s________from the shops.
A．purchases B．matters
C．commodity D．goods
解析： 词义辨析题。matter物质；commodity商品；goods货物；purchase所购物品。句意为：孩子们帮助母亲拿她从商店购买的东西。
答案： A
operate
(1)vi.运转，工作
(教材原句P35)This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.
这份礼物包含了支援贫困或偏远山村社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。
This machine doesn’t operate smoothly.
这台机器运转不灵了。
(2)vt.& vi. 操作，管理
This is a new model machine which is very easy to operate.
这是一台很容易操作的新型机器。
(3)vi.动手术
The doctor operated on a patient for a tumour.
医生为一病人做肿瘤切除手术。
(4)vi.起作用，见效
The sleeping pill operated at once.那安眠药马上见效。
3.He was glad to find his son keeping his business ________ well.
A．operating B．operated
C．operated on D．being operated
解析： 句意为：他高兴地发现，儿子把生意经营得很好。operate在此作“经营”讲，是及物动词；作“做手术”讲时是不及物动词。operate与business是动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。
答案： B
in need在困难中，在危急中
(教材原句P34)Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.
从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上一些最穷苦的人，给急需帮助的社区带去对未来的希望。
①A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难之交才是真正的朋友。
②We are collecting money for children in need.
我们正在为贫困儿童筹钱。
in need of... 需要……
There is no need to do sth.没必要干某事
③They are in need of books and teachers.
他们需要书和教师。
④There is no need to go there so early.
没必要这么早就去那儿。
4. Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students ________ financial aid.
A．in favour of B．in honour of
C．in face of D．in need of
解析： 句意为：很多中国大学为需要经济资助的大学生提供奖学金。in favour of赞同，支持，有利于；in honour of向……表示敬意；in face of面临；in need of需要。
答案： D
5．Many people in this poor village suffered a lot in winter，so we should do something for those who are ________.
A．in time B．in need
C．in place D．in store
解析： 句意为：这个贫穷村庄里的许多人在冬天都饱受煎熬，因此我们应当为处于困难中的人们做些什么。in need在困难中，在危急中，符合题意。in time及时；in place在合适的位置；in store准备着，就要到来。
答案： B
She was dying to see him again but what if he didn’t want to see her.
她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？
What if...？表示“要是……会怎么样/如果……又有什么关系？”。
I’ll take an exam this week.
What if I should fail
这星期我要参加考试，要是我失败了会怎么样？
What if we can’t find the lost car
要是我们找不到丢失的小汽车怎么办？
6.—The plane is due to take off at 7∶50.________we fail to arrive there in time
—Try to take another flight then.
A．What if B．As if
C．Even if D．Only if
解析： what if要是……怎么办；as if好像；even if即使；only if只有。
答案： A
Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health，between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.
仅仅把产量提高20%，这就意味着患病与健康、饥饿与自足的家庭之间的差异。
go为系动词，意为“变得、变为”，尤指向坏的方面转变，后跟形容词作表语。
①You’d better cook some food before the kids go hungry.
在孩子们饿了之前，你最好做些吃的东西。
②On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she went pale.
听到矿难的消息之后，她的脸色变得苍白。
③He loves to say “I told you so！” when things go wrong.
只要一出事他就爱说“我早就跟你说过吧！”
7.We mustn’t have anything that________，or it will do harm to our body.
A．goes bad B．goes badly
C．go bad D．go badly
解析： go bad变质，在此短语中go为系动词。that引导定语从句，因先行词为不定代词anything故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
答案： A
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The singer ________ (donation) all the money earned from his concert to charity.
答案： donated
2．As a ________ (voluntary)，Mike always helps those who have difficulties.
答案： volunteer
3．Before________(purchase) the computer，he got some information about it by checking on the Internet.
答案： purchasing
4．Besides English，students in school study ________ (political) and other subjects.
答案： politics
5．After leaving school，she found a job as a telephone ________(operate) in an office.
答案： operator
6．The teacher is________(distribution) candy among the children now.
答案： distributing
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I’d rather________ ________(挨饿) than eat what that mean person offered me.
答案： go hungry
2．If you________ ________ ________ ________(需要) anything，don’t hesitate to let me know.
答案： are in need of
3．Since they were separated last year，they haven’t ________ ________ ________(了解) each other.
答案： had knowledge of
4．They________ ________ ________ ________(爱上) each other at first sight.
答案： fell in love with
5．On hearing what he said，we________ ________ ________ (意识到) what a silly thing that we had done.
答案： became aware of
6．I’m sure you will________ ________(受益于) what you have done sooner or later.
答案： benefit from
7．The policy made by the government________ ________ ________(给……带来希望) the poor area.
答案： brought hope to
8．After________ ________ ________(做研究) on the subject for several years，he wrote his paper successfully.
答案： doing some research
Ⅲ.课文原句
1．她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？
She was dying to see him again but________ ________he didn’t want to see her.
答案： what if
2．你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确有需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。
The gift you give is________something your loved one keeps ________a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
答案： not；but
3．仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health，between families________ ________and families providing for themselves.
答案： going hungry
练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠
