Unit 1 Section II
Unit 1 Art
Section Ⅱ Warming up & Reading—Language Points
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I recognized her as soon as I met her at the airport though we hadn’t seen each other for ages and she had changed________.
A．a large amount B．a great many
C a great deal D．a lot of
解析： a great deal意为“大量，许多”，可作状语，用于修饰动词、形容词或副词。句意为：虽然我们很久没有见面，但我在机场一见到她就认出她来了，她变化很大。其余选项不可作状语修饰动词。
答案： C
2．She kept telling her father to pay attention to his own health，________，in fact，didn’t help at all.
A．which B．he
C．it D．while
解析： 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。which代替前面的整个句子。in fact属插入语，考生在做题时可将其忽略。
答案： A
3．John applied for the post of Eliot’s secretary.Does he________the necessary patience and ability to do the job well
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
解析： 句意为：John申请做Eliot的秘书。他有做好这项工作必备的耐性和能力吗？possess具有，拥有，符合句意。perform表演，演奏；observe观察，观测；support支持，支撑。
答案： B
4．The young teacher wants to help his students as much as he can，but________，he’d better help them learn on their own.
A．for one thing B．as usual
C．in other words D．on the other hand
解析： on the other hand另一方面，由but一词可知此处表示转折。for one thing一方面；as usual通常；in other words换句话说。
答案： D
5．—I’m going to London next Monday.
—What a________！So am I.
A．conclusion B．consequence
C．coincidence D．celebration
解析： conclusion结论；consequence结果，后果；coincidence巧合；celebration庆祝。根据So am I的语境可知选C项。
答案： C
6．The expert advised the boy，who always fails to remember the new words，to________an effective way of learning vocabulary.
A．admire B．design
C．adopt D．invent
解析： adopt意为“采用，采取，采纳”，符合题意。admire羡慕，赞赏；design设计；invent发明，创造。
答案： C
7．Those young people will start their project________to help the poor children to be educated in the west.
A．aims B．aiming
C．being aimed D．aimed
解析： aim与其逻辑主语project构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词 ing形式作定语。
答案： B
8．(2010·朝阳模拟)Without your timely help，we________in big trouble that day.
A．had been B．would be
C．would have been D．were
解析： without介词短语在此表含蓄虚拟，句子要使用虚拟语气。由语境知与过去事实相反，故选C。
答案： C
9．Among the workers who built the stadium________，who used to live in the countryside.
A．are the peasants B．the peasants are
C．were the peasants D．the peasants were
解析： 句子主干Among the workers were the peasants是倒装句，倒装形式是“表语＋be＋主语”。正常语序是the peasants were among the workers。根据从句时态可知应用一般过去时。
答案： C
10．Scientists are convinced________the positive effect of laughter________physical and mental health.
A．of；at B．by；in
C．of；on D．on；at
解析： 考查介词搭配。句意为：科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。be convinced of坚信，深信，确信；effect常与on连用，意为“对……的影响”。以上两个均属于固定搭配，故选C。
答案： C
11．It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own________，which follows everywhere you go when there is light.
A．shade B．shadow
C．figure D．sculpture
解析： 考查词义辨析。句意为：你居然害怕自己的影子，这太可笑了，因为只要有光它就会随时跟着你。shadow影子；shade阴凉处；figure人物，数字，sculpture雕塑。
答案： B
12．________was most important to her，she told me，was her family.
A．It B．This
C．What D．As
解析： 考查名词性从句。本题中有干扰成分she told me一句为插入语，可以先去掉，这样句子结构就明朗了。整个句子为主语从句，What为关系代词，引导主语从句，并且做主语从句中的主语。It常用做形式主语。
答案： C
13．—How long has Mark been occupied with his new book
—________August last year.
A．After B．In
C．From D．Since
解析： 此处考查省略句，答句补充完整应为Mark has been occupied with his new book since August last year.
答案： D
14．The earthquake________several months before didn’t cause much loss.
A．to be predicted B．predicting
C．predicted D．predicts
解析： 句意为：这次在几个月以前就发布了预报的地震没有造成太大的损失。此处考查非谓语动词，表示被动，且动作已经完成，所以选C。
答案： C
15．Do you know that smoking and drinking has become a________problem among teenagers，which worries many parents and teachers
A．popular B．traditional
C．daily D．typical
解析： 句意为：你知道在青少年中吸烟喝酒已经成了一个典型的问题，这让很多家长和老师非常担心吗？typical典型的，特有的，符合题意。popular流行的，大众的；traditional传统的，惯例的；daily每日的，日常的。
答案： D
Ⅱ.完形填空
On Thanksgiving morning I got up early to run in the local 5 kilometer race.It was quite__1__that morning so everyone getting ready to run was__2__around trying to stay warm.
On the side of the road，sitting in the__3__，was a man wrapped in a blanket，obviously__4__.Most people，as they usually did，__5__not to see him.I went over and talked with him for a few minutes before the__6__.He told me that he had hoped to be able to__7__a few dollars and buy a Thanksgiving dinner，but he failed.He seemed to have__8__memories shining in his eyes when talking about hot turkey.With only a brief moment to sit with him，I had to__9__the race so I told him I’d talk to him more later.He said he would__10__there to watch me reach the__11__.
It always made me__12__to see someone who went through such a(n)__13__time.I kept thinking about this man during the race.__14__he hadn’t asked me for anything，I wanted to do something for him.I only had two dollars in my pocket，__15__not enough for a Thanksgiving dinner，so__16__could I help him
After the race I went back and sat in the grass next to him.During our conversation I gave him the cash I had.He didn’t want to__17__it，but I told him I wanted him to have it and that it__18__get him a little something extra during the day.He then said “thanks a lot” to me，because he hadn’t talked to anybody for a really__19__time.We waved goodbye and parted.I often thought of that man but never__20__him again：the man who thanked me for just talking to him.
语篇解读： 感恩节的早晨作者去参加当地组织的赛跑，结识了一位无家可归的老人。
1．A.warm B．hot
C．cold D．bright
解析： 根据后文trying to stay warm可知，那天早晨非常寒冷。
答案： C
2．A.jumping B．looking
C．sitting D．hanging
解析： 每个参赛的人都在四处跳动以保持温暖。
答案： A
3．A.field B．grass
C．crowd D．chair
解析： 根据最后一段After the race I went back and sat in the grass next to him.可知，这位老人此时坐在草地上。
答案： B
4．A.hungry B．sick
C．unhappy D．homeless
解析： 根据第二段On the side of the road...was a man wrapped in a blanket可知，这位老人裹着毯子坐在路边的草地上，显然已无家可归。
答案： D
5．A.advised B．remembered
C．wished D．pretended
解析： 根据后文只有作者跑过去和他交谈，可推知他周围的大多数人都假装没看见他。
答案： D
6．A.race B．lunch
C．show D deal
解析： 根据后文中的I had to...the race so I told him I’d talk to him more later.可推知，在比赛还没有开始前，作者过去和他交谈了几分钟。
答案： A
7．A.earn B．borrow
C．bring D．offer
解析： 根据最后一段中During our conversation I gave him the cash I had.He didn’t want to...it可知，作者给他钱他却不愿意接受，可推知，老人并不是乞丐，他只是想挣几美元买一顿感恩节晚餐。
答案： A
8．A.crazy B．enjoyable
C．anxious D．awful
解析： 根据shining in his eyes可知，那些关于感恩节的回忆是令人愉快的。
答案： B
9．A.refuse B．choose
C．start D．watch
解析： 根据上文With only a brief moment to sit with him和后文作者参加比赛可知，比赛眼看要开始了。
答案： C
10．A.come B．stop
C．wait D．leave
解析： 老人回答说他将在那里等着看作者比赛。
答案： C
11．A.starting point B．roadside
C．crossroad D．finish line
解析： 作者是在参加五千米赛跑，由此可知，老人是要看他跑到终点线。
答案： D
12．A.angry B．upset
C．nervous D．curious
解析： 根据作者想要帮助老人的语境推知，每当他看到老人那样的人时，就会感到痛心。
答案： B
13．A.rough B．important
C．comfortable D．unforgettable
解析： 由老人的处境可知，这里指的是生活艰难的人。
答案： A
14．A.Whether B．Although
C．If D．Since
解析： “他其实并未向我要求什么，可我决定为他做点什么事情”之间为让步关系，故选择although。
答案： B
15．A.certainly B．mainly
C．eventually D．especially
解析： 兜里只有两美元，是肯定不够买一顿感恩节晚餐的。
答案： A
16．A.where B．when
C．how D．why
解析： 作者想：要怎么才能帮助那位老人呢？
答案： C
17．A.spend B．lend
C．lose D．accept
解析： 根据下文but I told him I wanted him to have it可猜测，老人不想接受。
答案： D
18．A.might B．must
C．ought to D．had to
解析： 钱比较少，老人也许可以用它买点额外的小东西。
答案： A
19．A.early B．best
C．first D．long
解析： 根据文章最后一句the man who thanked me for just talking to him.可推知，已经很长时间老人没有这样跟别人交流过了。
答案： D
20．A.told B．met
C．helped D．expected
解析： 根据I often thought of that man和转折连词but可知作者再也没有见到过老人。
答案： B
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Poster art is actually graffiti (涂鸦) done on paper.While most of these posters are 100% handmade，some are designed by using a computer.In addition，being a basic art form，it stayed on the local street corners rather than sitting inside a famous museum or gallery.Many artists find it the most “modernist” of styles with free expression.
During the 1870s，the streets of fashion city Paris became the graffiti artists’ paradise (天堂)．Rich street artworks made the region more beautiful.This wave of art also welcomed the first paper form of advertising as street poster art.Even other cities，like Milan (Italy) and Berlin (Germany) encouraged street artists.
Street posters are displayed on smooth surfaces，mostly walls，by sticking them with the help of paste (浆糊) or gum.The art pieces belonging to Post Graffiti have a much higher social position than “rude” Graffiti.This global art style is especially popular in the urban and the suburban regions of Eastern and Western countries.
Street artists have shown a cheap way to produce and display artworks meant to connect with the general public.Exhibition “Street Art” held in “Washington Project for the Arts” (1981) displayed works by well known American artists，such as John Fekner (born 1940) and Lee Quinones (born 1960)．Even the art exhibition held at the prestigious (有名望的) Tate Modern Gallery in England clearly shows that the artworks found on the street are not necessarily graffiti.Interesting and special street poster art has found fame among some of the greatest artists.
Most famous in the US，street poster art has also become well received in Australia and Japan.France，Germany，Ireland，Spain，Brunei，New Zealand，the UK，Canada，and Iran are also the lead contributors to this kind of art.Poster art has obtained an important position in the world of street art.
语篇解读： 街头海报艺术其实是画在纸上的涂鸦，但海报艺术已经得到了艺术界的认可，在街头艺术里有着非常重要的位置。
1．What can we know from Paragraph 1
A．Poster art is actually graffiti done on walls.
B．Poster art was looked down upon in the past.
C．No poster is designed with the help of a computer.
D．In the past posters could mainly be seen on the street.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的it stayed on the local street corners rather than sitting inside a famous museum or gallery可知，海报艺术主要是一种街头艺术，在过去，海报一般都是张贴在街角的，故选D项。
答案： D
2．Where is street art especially popular
A．Villages. B．Small towns.
C．Cities and suburbs. D．Suburbs of small cities.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的This global art style is especially popular in the urban and the suburban regions of Eastern and Western countries可知应选C项。
答案： C
3．The art exhibition held at the Tate Modern Gallery in England shows that________.
A．street art is another kind of graffiti
B．street art will have a very bright future
C．graffiti should be thought highly of by artists
D．some street artworks have high artistic value
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的the artworks found on the street are not necessarily graffiti可知，不是所有街头艺术作品都是涂鸦，有些艺术作品的范畴已经超过了一般的涂鸦，具有更高的艺术价值，故选D项。
答案： D
4．What does the underlined word “obtained” in the last paragraph mean
A．Adopted. B．Wanted.
C．Gained. D．Attempted.
解析： 词义猜测题。通读全文，尤其是文章的最后一段可知，海报艺术已经在街头艺术中占有了非常重要的位置，故选C项，表示“获得”。
答案： C
5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．The differences between poster art and graffiti.
B．The development of poster art.
C．The definition of poster art.
D．The importance of poster art.
解析： 细节理解题。文章第一段提到什么是海报艺术”(A项)；第二段讲述了“海报艺术的发展”(B项)；最后一段提到了“海报艺术的重要地位”(D项)，只有A项在文中没有提及。
答案： A(共48张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language
& Using Language
Step One：Warming up
Have you ever been to any galleries before
Do you think visiting galleries is interesting
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Visiting galleries can not only bring people wonderful feelings but also teach them many things.
Step Two：Reading
Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．How many galleries mentioned in this text What are they
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Five.The Frick Collection弗里克收藏馆；Home of Frick；Guggenheim Museum古根海姆博物馆；Metropolitan Museum Of Art大都会博物馆；Museum of Modern Art 现代艺术博物馆
2．What do you think the purpose of this text is
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： To give people information about various art galleries in New York and to show them where they are.
specific adj.确切的；特定的
based on general ideas rather than specific examples(教材P4)
以常用观点为基础，而不是以特定的例子
①He gave us very specific instructions.
他给我们做了非常明确的指示。
②There is a specific tool for each job in that room.
在那间屋里有为各种工作配备的特定的工具。
to be specific说得明确些(具体地说)
be specific to特有的；独特的
specifically确切地；具体地；特别
③To be specific，he is 34 years old.
具体地说，他已经34岁了。
④The houses are specifically designed for old people.
这些房子是专为老年人设计的。
⑤The animal is specific to this area.
这种动物是这个地区特有的。
1.They didn’t tell me a________time，but I guess the party is going to begin at 9 pm.
A．special B．specific
C．contemporary D．conventional
解析： specific具体的，明确的。special特别的，专门的；contemporary当代的，同时代的；conventional常规的，传统的。由but I guess可知“我不确定具体的时间”。
答案： B
figure
(1)[C] 雕像；画像；身材；数字；人物
①She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。
②In the rice growing world，the Chinese scientist，Yuan Longping，is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
(2)figure out计算出；弄明白
③I can’t figure out how to do this.我弄不懂怎样做这件事。
④I could hear them talking but I couldn’t figure out what they were saying.
我能够听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。
巧学助记
2.完成句子
(1)The girl is careful to choose her food because she wants very much to________ ________ ________(保持身材)．
答案： keep her figure
(2)我能听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。
I could hear them talking but I couldn’t________ ________ ________they are saying.
答案： figure out what
preference [U] 喜爱；偏爱；[C] 更喜欢的人或物
Frick had a preference for pre twentieth century Western paintings，and these are well represented in this excellent collection.
(教材P6)弗里克对20世纪以前的西方绘画有偏爱，而在这个陈列馆的珍藏品里这些绘画得以很好地展示。
①Employees who have worked here for many years will be given preference over newcomers.与新来乍到者不同，对那些在这里工作多年的雇员将予以优待。
②She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano.
她选择学小提琴而不愿学钢琴。
③He has a preference for coffee rather than tea.
他较喜欢咖啡而不喜欢茶。
have a preference for更喜欢……
give (a) preference to给……以优惠；优待
in preference to优先于，而不
3.Of the two paintings，Mr Black chose the cheaper one out of________，though it was not the work of a famous painter.
A．possession B．technique
C．adjustment D．preference
解析： preference意为“喜爱，偏爱”。句意为：在这两幅画中，布莱克先生出于偏爱选择了便宜的，尽管它不是出自名家之手。
答案： D
in the flesh活着的；亲自；本人
If Sam were here，he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh.(教材P5)如果萨姆在这里的话，他将会对要会见一个著名的学者本人感到非常兴奋。
①He looked much shorter in the flesh than on television.
他本人看起来比在电视上要矮一些。
②Michael Jordan was my hero，and meeting him in the flesh was a real thrill.
迈克尔·乔丹是我的偶像，见到他本人真是令人激动。
flesh and flood血肉之躯
sb.’s (own) flesh and blood亲骨肉；亲
③It was more than flesh and blood could bear.
这件事非常人所能忍受。
4.(2011·抚顺高二检测)I’ve got all her records but I’ve never seen her________.
A．in person B．on her own
C．in the flesh D．by nature
解析： 考查短语辨析。句意为：我有她全部的唱片，但我从没见过她本人。“本人”用“in the flesh”表示。in person亲自；on one’s own独自；by nature天生。
答案： C
appeal to
(1)呼吁；恳求
They’re appealing to the public for donation for the earthquake hit areas.他们在呼吁公众为地震灾区捐款。
We are appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们恳请任何人看到嫌疑犯后与我们联系。
(2)(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
It is important to always try to appeal to the way the audience will react.有一点很重要，无论什么时候都要努力迎合目标受众的反应方式。
In fact，what appeals to me about her painting is not the style but the colours she uses.
我对她的画感兴趣的不是画的风格而是她所运用的色彩。
(1)appeal (to sb.) for为……(向某人)呼吁
appeal for aid请求援助
appeal to sb.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
(2)make/launch an appeal发出呼
The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
警方呼吁公众保持镇静。
5.(2010·安徽卷)—How did you like Nick’s performance last night
—To be honest，his singing didn’t________to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
解析： 句意为：——你觉得Nick 昨天晚上表演得怎么样？——说实话，他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。appeal to sb.—attract or interest sb.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣。belong to 属于；refer to 谈到、提到；occur to 发生。
答案： A
6．完成句子
警方呼吁群众提供所有和这起谋杀案有关的情况。
The police________ ________ ________ ________ ________any information about the murder.
答案： appealed to the public for
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.在纽约，许多艺术爱好者宁愿参观这家小的收藏馆而不去其他任何一家。
would rather...than...或would...rather than...表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”。
①I would rather die than give in.我宁死不屈。
②I would talk with his mother rather than with his father.
我宁愿和他妈妈说话而不愿和他爸爸说话。
(1)would rather(not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
(2)would rather＋从句(从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气)
宁愿……
(3)rather than而不
③I would rather not tell you about it，
我宁愿不告诉你此事。
④John wants to see me today.I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)
⑤I would rather you hadn’t told me the truth.
我宁愿你没告诉我真相。
⑥I think it is you rather than he are to blame.
我认为是你而不是他该受责备。
7.(2011·课标全国卷Ⅰ)The form cannot be signed by anyone ________ yourself.
A．rather than B．other than
C．more than D．better than
解析： 句意为：此表格必须由你本人签字。本题考查短语辨析。A.而不是；B.除了；C.超出，不仅仅；D.胜于。设空处意为“除了(你自己)”，故答案为B。
答案： B
8．—Doctor，when will my father be able to leave hospital
—I would rather he________tomorrow.
A．left B．should leave
C．would leave D．will leave
解析： would rather宁愿，后接从句时要用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来情况的假设，从句谓语动词用过去式。根据句中的时间状语tomorrow可知此处表示与将来事实相反，故选A。
答案： A
9．I________to work there if I have to listen to him.
A．would not rather go
B．would rather not going
C．would not rather going
D．would rather not go
解析： would rather后接动词原形，其否定式为would rather not。
答案： D
Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
leaving...people为现在分词短语作结果状语。
①The glass dropped onto the floor，breaking into pieces.
玻璃杯掉到了地板上，摔成了碎片。
②Her parents died in the earthquake，leaving her an orphan.
她父母死于地震，使她成为孤儿。
only to do sth.表示令人失望或出乎预料的结果
③He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left.
他匆忙去了车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。
10.(2011·陕西卷)More highways have been built in China，________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A．making B．made
C．to make D．having made
解析： 句意为：中国又建了很多公路，这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。本题考查非谓语动词。空格处非谓语动词逻辑上的主语是逗号前面的内容，和非谓语动词之间是主动关系，可排除B项；C项为动词不定式，通常表示目的，表示出乎意料的结果时前面通常加only或never，所以排除C项；make表达的动作并非发生在谓语动词动作之前，不用完成形式，故排除D，选A，making it much easier for people to travel...＝which makes it much easier for people to travel...
答案： A
11．(2010·天津卷)It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A．caused B．having caused
C．causing D．to cause
解析： 此题考查非谓语动词。v. ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。句意为：南方雨下得很大，导致南方好几省洪涝灾害。
答案： C
12．European football is played in 80 countries，________it the most popular sports in the world.
A．making B．makes
C．made D．to make
解析： 句意为：有八十个国家踢欧式足球，这使得它成为世界上最流行的体育运动。此处现在分词作结果状语，表示一个自然而然的结果。
答案： A
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The money is intended to be used for________(特定的) purposes.
答案： specific
2．I like cats but unfortunately I’m________(对……过敏的) to them.
答案： allergic
3．The photographs will be on________(展览) until the end of the month.
答案： exhibition
4．Most of the exhibits are too________(易碎的) to be sent abroad.
答案： fragile
5．He did not have a good________(声誉) in his home town.
答案： reputation
6．The car accident has caused________(永久的) damage to her eyesight.
答案： permanent
Ⅱ.短语替换
1．Does the idea of publishing a book make_you_interested
Does the idea of publishing a book________ ________ ________？
答案： appeal to you
2．All the students focused_on the hard task given by the professor.
All the students________ ________the hard task given by the professor.
答案： concentrated on
3．A new kind of plane was on_display in the museum.
A new kind of plane was________ ________in the museum.
答案： on exhibition
4．We all know that his brother is in_possession_of the big company.
We all know that the big company is________ ________ ________ ________his brother.
答案： in the possession of
5．Linda met her old neighbor by accident when she went shopping.
Linda met her old neighbor________ ________when she went shopping.
答案： by coincidence
6．You’d better not move to America because your friendship means a lot to me.
You’d better not move to America because your friendship means________ ________ ________to me.
答案： a great deal
7．He couldn’t go there.For one thing，he is very busy；for another，he has no money.
He couldn’t go there.On the one hand，he is very busy；________ ________ ________ ________，he has no money.
答案： on the other hand
8．The fans were very excited for they saw the superstar in person at the theatre.
The fans were very excited for they saw the superstar________ ________ ________at the theatre.
答案： in the flesh
Ⅲ.句型必背
1．在纽约，许多艺术爱好者宁愿参观这家小的收藏馆而不去其他任何一家。
Many art lovers________ ________visit this small art gallery ________ any other in New York.
答案： would rather；than
2．这家博物馆展出的不仅仅只是可以看到的艺术品。
The museum displays ________ ________ just the visual delights of art.
答案： more than
3．亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，________ his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
答案： leaving
练规范、练技能、练速度(共27张PPT)
Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.Styles in Western art have changed many times.As there are so many different styles of Western art，it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.Consequently，this text will describe only the most important ones，starting from the sixth century AD.
The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)
During the Renaissance，new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves，their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428.When people first saw his paintings，they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.There were many new inventions and social changes.Naturally，these changes also led to new painting styles.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.However，because natural light changes so quickly，the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first，many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
Modern Art (20th century to today)
At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”．This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might not exist.On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object，using colour，line and shape to represent them.
On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.These styles are so different.Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future？
西方绘画艺术简史
艺术是受人民生活习俗和信仰的影响的。西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本文只谈及公元6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。
中世纪
(公元5世纪到15世纪)
在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。一个传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴与敬重。但是，很显然到了13世纪时，观念发生了变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)
在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物，以及他们的活动和成就。
在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。这一手法是1428年由马萨其奥第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不会看到很多这一时代著名的杰作。
印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。这时期有许多发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把第一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画。因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，许多人都不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。
现代艺术(20世纪至今)
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格可能就不会存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一幅幅照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格？
Using Language
THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES
The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E．70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.Frick had a preference for pre twentieth century Western paintings，and these are well represented in this excellent collection.You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.
Guggenheim Museum (5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings，sculptures and drawings.These art works are not all displayed at the same time.The exhibition is always changing.It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Museum building is also world famous.When you walk into the gallery，you feel as if you were inside a fragile，white seashell. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.There are no stairs，just a circular path. The museum also has an excellent restaurant.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world，including America，Europe，China，Egypt，other African countries and South America.The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.It introduces you to ancient ways of living.You can visit an Egyptian temple，a fragrant Ming garden，a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.
Museum of Modern Art (53rd Street，between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet，Van Gogh，Picasso and Ma tisse.A few words of warning：the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.
Whitney Museum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue，near 75th Street)
The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture.There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years，the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.
曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃
弗里克收藏馆(第5大道和第70街之间)
在纽约，比起其他艺术馆许多艺术爱好者都更乐意参观这家小型艺术陈列馆。亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把他的住宅、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。弗里克对20世纪以前的西方绘画有偏爱，而在这个陈列馆的珍藏品里这些绘画得以很好地展出。你还可以好好考察一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园，它们是很值得一看的。
古根海姆博物馆(第5大道和第88街交汇处)
这家博物馆拥有5 000幅非常好的现代油画、雕塑和素描。这些艺术品并不是同时展出的，展品总是在不断地更换。展览将吸引印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。古根海姆博物馆的大楼也是世界闻名的。当你走进画廊的时候，你会觉得你进入了一个易碎的白色贝壳之中。看画展最好是从顶层看起，一直往下看到底层。展厅里没有楼梯，只有一条环形的小道。博物馆里还有一家极好的餐馆。
大都会艺术博物馆(第5大道与第82街交汇处)
这家博物馆以收藏艺术品种类繁多而享有盛名。它的艺术品收藏涵盖了5 000多年来世界上众多国家的文明史，其中包括美洲、欧洲、中国、埃及、其他非洲国家和南美洲。这家博物馆展出的不只是可以看得见的艺术之美。它还向你介绍了古代的生活方式。你可以看到埃及的寺庙，馥郁的明朝花园，18世纪法国住宅中的典型房间，以及许多其他特殊展品。
现代艺术博物馆(第53街，位于第5和第6大道之间)
令人惊奇的是，在同一家博物馆里竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21世纪的如此众多的名家巨作。西方艺术的收藏包括有莫尔、凡高、毕加索和马蒂斯等著名艺术家的作品。有几句话需要提醒你注意：博物馆票价不菲，而且常常十分拥挤。
惠特尼美国艺术博物馆(麦迪逊大道945号，靠近第75街)
惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代美国绘画和雕塑品。馆内没有永久性的展出，展品都是随时更换的。惠特尼博物馆每两年有一次特殊的展览，展品是仍然在世的艺术家们的新作。这家博物馆还展出当代影视艺术家的录像和电影作品。
练规范、练技能、练速度(共16张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming up
& Reading—Pre reading
Step One：Warming up
Can you match the painting and the painters
1．______________ 2.______________
3．______________ 4.______________
答案： 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
Step Two：Fast reading
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The painters during the Middle Ages mainly________.
A．showed people as they really were
B．looked at their environment in new ways
C．expressed their respect and love for nature
D．represented religious themes
答案： D
2．According to the text，the painters during the Renaissance________.
①adopted a more humanistic attitude to life
②discovered the rules of perspective
③developed oil paints
④broke away from the traditional style of painting
A．①③④ B．②③④
C．①②④ D．①②③
答案： D
3．Which of the following statements is true
A．Paintings in Middle Ages were very realistic.
B．Western art has changed a lot since the 5th century.
C．Impressionist paintings were painted mainly indoors.
D．Modern art began in the Renaissance.
答案： B
4．At first most people hated the impressionists’ style of painting，because________.
A．their painting were very abstract.
B．their painting were very realistic.
C．They broke away from the traditional style of painting.
D．their paintings were very ridiculous.
答案： C
5．What is the main idea of the text
A．It is an introduction to several Western artists.
B．The difference between Chinese and Western paintings.
C．A brief history of Western paintings from the 6th century AD.
D．The different styles of Western art.
答案： C
Step Three：Detail reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and then answer the following questions.
1．How many styles of Western painting are mentioned in the text What are they
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Four.They are：The Middle Ages，The Renaissance，Impressionism and Modern art.
2．Why did the impressionists have to paint quickly
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
答案： Because the natural light changes quickly，they had to paint quickly.
Ⅱ.Read the text and fill in the form.
1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________
答案： 1.Impressionism 2.religion 3.realistic 4.people and nature 5.perspective 6.oil paints 7.light and shadow
8．quickly 9.environment 10.abstract
Step Four：Discussion
Which art style do you like least？Give your reasons
___________________________________________________
答案： Students’ answers will vary.
Step Five：Summary
The styles in Western art have changed many times.Art is influenced by the customs and 1.________of a people.
During the Middle Ages，the main 2.________of painters was to 3.________religious themes and paintings from this period were full of religious symbols.In the Renaissance，people began to concentrate less on religious themes and 4.________a more humanistic attitude to life.
In the late 19th century，Europe changed 5._______ _______. Naturally，these changes led to new painting styles.
The 6.________were the first painters to work outdoors. They wanted to show how light and 7.________fell on objects at different times of day. Nowadays，some modern art is 8.________ and some is 9.________.Who can 10.________what painting styles there will be in the future
答案： 1.faith 2.aim 3.represent 4.adopt 5.a great deal 6.Impressionists 7.shadow 8.abstract 9.realistic 10.predict(共69张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming up
& Reading —— Language Points
aim
(1)vi.& vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力
aim at瞄准，以……为目标
aim...at...使……瞄准
aim to do sth.目标是干……事
be aimed at(doing) sth.旨在……，目的在于
①He aimed his gun at the tiger，fired but missed it.
他用枪瞄准老虎并开火，但没打中。
②He aimed to catch the last bus so that he could get home in time for supper.
他想赶最后一班公共汽车，好及时赶回家吃晚饭。
③The measures are aimed at stopping the river from being further polluted.
这些措施旨在阻止河流遭受进一步的污染。
(2)n.[C] 目标；目的；[U] 瞄准
achieve one’s aim达到目的
take aim (at)．..(向……)瞄准
without aim漫无目的地
with the aim of以……为目标，意在…
During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.(教材P2)
在中世纪，画家的主要目的是表现宗教主题。
④Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.
要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。
⑤She went to London with the aim of finding a job.
她去伦敦是为了找工作。
1.完成句子
这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。
This activity________ ________ ________ ________the students’s ability of listening and speaking.
答案： is aimed at improving
2．They will start their project，________at helping the poor children to be educated in the west of China.
A．aims B．aiming
C．being aimed D．aimed
解析： 由句子结构可知空格处应选一分词形式作状语，另由句子主语they与动词aim的主谓关系可知应选aiming表主动。
答案： B
typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；特有的
be typical of sth.具有……的典型特征；是典型的……
It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向…
A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.(教材P2)
这一时期有代表性的画充满着宗教色彩，体现了对上帝敬重和爱戴的情感。
①This painting is fairly typical of his early work.
这幅画是他早期作品相当典型的代表作。
②It was typical of him to get angry about it.
他一向都是对此很生气。
typically adv.典型地；具有代表性
③Mothers typically worry about their children.
母亲总爱挂念自己的子女。
3.Jack is late again. It is______of him to keep others waiting.
A．normal B．ordinary
C．common D．typical
解析： 考查形容词辨析。句意为：杰克又迟到了。让别人等待是他的典型特点。typical典型的，符合句子意思。normal正常的，正规的；ordinary平常的；common共同的，均不符合句意。
答案： D
adopt vt.
(1)收养
①Many people are eager to adopt the children losing their parents in the earthquake.
许多人都期望可以收养在地震中失去双亲的孩子。
②The kind woman adopted the orphan as her own son.
那位好心女士将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
(2)采用，采纳
People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.(教材P2)
人们开始淡化宗教主题，并且采纳更人性化的人生态度。
③The schools must adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages.
学校应采用新的外语教学法。
4.完成句子
(1)我再三考虑之后，决定采纳他的建议。
After much consideration，I decided to________ ________ ________.
答案： adopt his suggestion
(2)据我所知，她被迫把婴儿给人收养。
As far as I know she was forced to________ ________ ________ ________.
答案： have her baby adopted
possess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
be possessed of拥有
be possessed with/by被……控
Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.(教材P2)富人们想拥有自己的艺术品并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。
①I’m afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humour.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
②He was possessed of great self confidence.
他极有自信。
③The gallery possesses a number of the artist’s early works.
这座画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
⑤Having been cheated by that company，he lost all his possessions.被那家公司所骗，他失去了所有的财产。
⑥—Does the young man standing there have possession of the company
——站在那儿的年轻人拥有这个公司吗？
—No.The company is in the possession of his father./His father is in possession of the company.
——不，他父亲拥有这个公司。
5.It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what we________right now.
A．take B．bring
C．possess D．lose
解析： 句意为：好像我们更重视想得到的东西而不是现在拥有的东西。possess拥有，占有，符合题意。take带走；bring带来；造成；lose失去。
答案： C
6．—How did you________the old valuable house
—It used to be________my uncle.He left it to me in his will.
A．take possession of；in possession of
B．take the possession of；in the possession of
C．take possession of；in the possession of
D．take the possession of；in possession of
解析： take possession of拥有，为固定短语；第二空的主语为it即the house，所以使用表示被动的in the possession of。
答案： C
attempt
(1)n.努力；尝试；企图
make an attempt at (doing) sth.企图做某事
make an attempt to do sth.企图做某事
at the first/second attempt第一、二次尝
①The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
②I passed my driving test at the/my first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。
(2)vt.尝试；企图
attempt sth.试图做……；努力去执行(完成)某事
attempt to do sth.企图做某
On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes...
(教材P3)一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来……
③The prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.
囚犯企图逃跑，但是失败了。
④Every time I attempt to convince her，I fail completely.
每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
7.完成句子
(1)大卫对化学考试做了充分的准备以至于他第一次尝试就能通过考试。
David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam so that he could be sure of passing it________ ________ ________ ________.
答案： at his first attempt
(2)Charlie________ ________ ________ ________ ________(试图道歉) for what he had done，but his classmates wouldn’t even talk to him.
答案： made an attempt to apologize
predict vt.预言；预告；预测
Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future？(教材P3)谁又能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格呢？
①It is difficult to predict what the long term effects of the accident will be.很难预测事故的长期影响是什么。
②Unemployment is predicted to increase to 700,000 by the end of the year.预计失业人数到年底会升至70万人。
③It is predicted that food prices will continue to go up in the next few months.
预计未来几个月，食品价格还会继续上涨。
8.The film 2012________that there will be a disaster on the earth in 2012.Do you believe so
A．expects B．appeals
C．influences D．predicts
解析： 根据题意及从句的时态可知应选predict (预测)。expect期待，指望；appeal呼吁，求助；influence影响，均不符合题意。
答案： D
a great deal大量
In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.(教材P2)
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
①Joan passed her exam，which surprised me a great deal.
琼通过了考虑，这让我很惊讶。
②I’m feeling a great deal better.我感觉好多了。
(1)a great deal可在句中作状语，修饰动词或形容词/副词的比较级。
(2)a great deal of表示“许多”，只能修饰不可数名词。
(3)a great many表示“许多”，修饰可数名词复数。
9.完成句子
(1)我花了大量的时间来考虑这个项目。
I’ve spent________ ________ ________ ________time thinking about the project.
答案： a good deal of
(2)他的计算机知识比我丰富的多。
He knows________ ________ ________more about computers than I do.
答案： a great deal
(3)大部分年轻人上了战场，其中许多人再也没回来。
Most of the young men went off to the war，and________ ________ ________never came back.
答案： a great many
by coincidence巧合地
By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.(教材P2)巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
①They met again in Paris by coincidence after ten years.
巧合的是，他们十年后在巴黎再次相会。
②I don’t think all these things happened by coincidence.
我认为这些事情不是碰巧发生的。
10.________，my deskmate and I were born on the same day and same year，so we have a lot in common.
A．By accident B．By chance
C．By coincidence D．By misadventure
解析： by accident＝by chance偶然地，意外地；by misadventure意外地。由句意“真巧，我和我的同桌同年同日生，所以我们有很多共同之处”可知，只能用by coincidence巧合地。
答案： C
on the other hand(可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.
(教材P3)而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一幅幅照片。
①On the one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I can’t bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。
②The job wasn’t very interesting，but on the other hand it was well paid.
那工作没多大意思，但另一方面工资却很高。
③Many college graduates are out of work now，but on the other hand，they won’t take jobs that do not pay much.
现在许多大学毕业生没有工作，但另一方面，他们又不愿意干薪水低的活。
on the one hand...on the other(hand)一方面……另一方面
for one thing...for another一方面……另一方
④I don’t want to buy this one；for one thing，I don’t like the colour，and for another the price is too high.
我不想买这个；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是价格太高。
⑤On (the) one hand，you want to help your kids as much as you can，but on the other hand，you’ve got to be careful to help them learn on their own.
一方面你想尽力帮助孩子，但是另一方面，你又要注意帮他们自己学习。
11.I would like a job which pays more，but________I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A．in other words B．on the other hand
C．for one thing D．as a matter of fact
解析： 根据but前后的内容可知，前后分句构成的是对比关系，故用on the other hand来表示对比。in other words意为“换句话说”；for one thing意为“一则”，常与for another连用；as a matter of fact意为“事实上”。
答案： B
By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富、更深沉。
本句为复合句，含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，对前面的整个句子进行限定。
①The road conditions there turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
那里的路况证明是非常好的，这超出了我们的想像。
②A terrible earthquake happened in Japan，which was reported on TV.
日本发生了可怕的大地震，电视上已报此事。
③He is an Englishman，which I know from his accent.
他是个英国人，那是我从他的口音中知道的。
12.(2011·北京卷)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________of course，made all the others upset.
A．who B．which
C．what D．that
解析： 句意为：玛丽对杰克要比对其他人友好得多，当然，这使得其他人都不太高兴。本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构和句意可知空格处应该引导一个非限制性的定语从句，故排除C、D两项；空格处的关系词用来指代前面整个句子内容，作made的主语，所以排除A项，选B项。
答案： B
13．(2010·四川卷)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________turned out to be a wise decision.
A．that B．which
C．when D．where
解析： 句意为：大学毕业之后，我花了一段时间去旅游，结果证明这是一个明智的决定。本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知第二个逗号后是一非限制性定语从句，排除A项；定语从句缺主语，排除C、D两项，先行词是逗号前的整个句子，所以B为正确答案。
答案： B
14．________is reported，Harry Potter is so interesting a book that all kids like to read it.
A．It B．Which
C．As D．That
解析： as代替整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在其中作主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，一般不能放在句首。
答案： C
15．Tom worked hard，but________didn’t please the boss.
A．one B．it
C．what D．which
解析： but为并列连词，故后句为一独立的句子。it代替前面的事情，在后句中作主语。
答案： B
Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
该句为倒装句，介词短语among...位于句子开头，整句进行了全部倒装。英语中，有时为了使句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可将地点状语或表语部分提前构成倒装语序。
①Among these people is/was his friend Tom.
他的朋友汤姆，就在这些人当中。
②Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。
③The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。
④Present at the meeting were experts from all over the world.
出席会议的是来自世界各地的专家。
16.(2011·福建卷)—It’s nice.Never before________such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
A．I have had B．I had
C．have I had D．had I
解析： 句意为：——太棒了。我以前从来没喝过这么独特的饮料！——很高兴您喜欢。本题考查倒装句。否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表示否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，后面的主语、谓语部分需部分倒装，根据题意可知，设空处应该用现在完成时态，所以正确答案为C项。
答案： C
17．Into the dark apartment________，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
A．did David walk B．David walked
C．David did walk D．walked David
解析： 句意为：大卫走进了黑黑的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。表地点的介词短语置于句首且主语为名词时，句子应该使用全部倒装，故答案为D项。
答案： D
At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
what we call “modern art”为宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
①I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece.”
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”时代。
②We need to think about what we should say to the visitors.
我们需要考虑一下向来访者说些什么。
③Finally，they arrived at what is called America now.
他们终于到达了现在被称为美洲的地方。
18.(2011·上海)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of________others actually understand.
A．why B．that
C．which D．what
解析： 句意为：你想通过话语传达的信息也许正与其他人实际理解的完全相反。介词of后的宾语从句中understand缺少宾语，故用what，D为正确答案。
答案： D
19．(重庆高考)People in Chongqing are proud of________ they have achieved in the past ten years.
A．that B．which
C．what D．how
解析： what引导从句，作介词of的宾语。
答案： C
20．—The last one________pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A．arrived B．arrives
C．to arrive D．arriving
解析： 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句子结构，空格处应作定语，修饰the last one。当名词被first，second，next，last，only等修饰时，其后常跟动词不定式作定语。
答案： C
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Though it’s only a small frustration，it made Rose lose________(信念) in success.
答案： faith
2．Warm and wet weather is very________(典型的) in south China.
答案： typical
3．The healthy couple without children can________(收养) a child by law.
答案： adopt
4．It is________(明显的) that he has decided to leave.
答案： evident/obvious
5．There are various________(技术) for dealing with industrial pollution.
答案： techniques
6．The people had to gather up their few________(财产) and escaped abroad.
答案： possessions
7．We may talk of beautiful things，but beauty itself is________(抽象的)．
答案： abstract
8．It was________(荒谬的) that this should be so difficult to say.
答案： ridiculous
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I________ ________ ________ ________(对……已经失去信心) that fellow，and I can no longer trust him.(faith)
答案： have lost faith in
2．This anti smoking campaign mainly________ ________ ________ ________ ________(针对年轻人)．(aim)
答案： is aimed at young people
3．________ ________ ________ ________(是他的特点) to help those in trouble，so he is popular among students.(typical)
答案： It is typical of him
4．________ ________ ________ ________(出席会议的) were leaders from different countries.(present)
答案： Present at the meeting
5．It’s difficult to predict________ ________ ________ ________ ________(生活会是什么样子) in the future.(like)
答案： what life will be like
6．________ ________ ________(巧合) that we arrived here at the same time.(it，coincident)
答案： It is coincident
7．________ ________ ________ ________(显然) the policy was a failure，for many people were against it.(it，evident)
答案： It was evident that
8．He was arrested because________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(他被发现拥有) some dangerous drugs.(possession)
答案： he was found in possession of
Ⅲ.句型必背
1．但是很明显在13世纪时，人们的思想正在发生变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来描绘宗教场景。
But________ ________ ________ ________ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
答案： it was evident that
2．由于西方艺术形式多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。
As there are so many different styles of Western art，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________all of them in such a short text.
答案： it would be impossible to describe
3．巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富、更深沉。
By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，________ ________the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.
答案： which made
4．在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
________ ________ ________who broke away from the traditional style of painting________the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
答案： Among the painters；were
5．在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of________ ________ ________“modern art”．
答案： what we call
练规范、练技能、练速度(共47张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
一、虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气有两种类型：用于条件或让步状语从句中，表示假设、猜测、怀疑等；用在宾语、表语、同位语、主语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。
二、条件句中的虚拟语气
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：
动词形式
时间 从句 主句
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be的过去式一般用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反 动词过去式/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形
1.与现在事实相反
①If you were here now，you would hear Premier Wen talking with the students.
现在如果你在这里，就会听见温总理正在和学生们交谈。
②If I were you，I should try my best to go to college.
如果我是你，我会尽我所能去上大学。
2．与过去事实相反
①If he had gone to the party last night，everything would have changed.如果昨晚他参加了宴会，一切都会不一样。
②If the doctor had been responsible，the child would not have died of such disease.
要是医生负责任，孩子不会死于这样的疾病。
3．与将来事实相反
①If it were to be/should be/were sunny tomorrow，we would go out for a picnic.
如果明天天气晴朗，我们会出去野餐。
4．错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
①If you had listened to me，you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)
②If I were you，I would have taken his advice.
如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
5．条件从句中的谓语部分有were，should或had时，if有时可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序。
Were I you，I would do it in another way.
如果我是你的话，我就用另外一种方法做。
Should I have time，I would help Tom with his maths.
我要是有时间就帮汤姆学数学。
Had it not been for his help，I wouldn’t have finished the work on time.如果没有他的帮助，我是不会按时完成工作的。
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1．动词wish后的宾语从句
I wish (that)
＋从句 一般过去时(be用were) 表示对现在的虚拟
would/could＋动词原形 表示对将来的虚拟
过去完成时 表示对过去的虚拟
I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year round.
但愿我的家乡四季如春。
She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him.
她真切地希望能做点什么来安慰他。
I wish I had met him yesterday.我昨天能遇到他就好了。
注意：wish本身可以是过去式，表示过去的一种愿望，that从句的时态不受影响。
He wished that he hadn’t told Lucy the bad news yesterday.
他昨天若是不告诉露西那个坏消息就好了。
2．在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest，propose，advise
四要求：request，require，demand，ask
①I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
我建议下周我们应该举行会议。
②He insisted that he (should) be sent there.
他坚持应该被派去那里。
注意：suggest表“暗示，表明”，insist表“坚持认为”时，不用虚拟语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。
3．在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now)．
我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I’d rather she hadn’t done that.我宁愿她没那样做。
(2011·北京卷)—Where are the children？The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they________always late.
A．weren’t B．hadn’t been
C．wouldn’t be D．wouldn’t have been
解析： 句意为：——孩子们都到哪里去了？宴会就要被他们彻底破坏了。——我希望他们不要总是迟到。本题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟that从句，从句部分采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去时相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时，故正确答案为A项。
答案： A
(2011·北京卷)Maybe if I________science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.
A．studied B．would study
C．had studied D．was studying
解析： 句意为：也许如果当时我学习的是理科而不是文科的话，那么我(现在)就可以给你更多的帮助了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，故if引导的从句部分用had done，故选C。
答案： C
(2010·浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________.
A．would have been saved
B．had been saved
C．will be saved
D．was saved
解析： 句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略if可采用部分倒装结构)，主句谓语动词应采用“would＋have＋过去分词”的结构，故答案为A项。
答案： A
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．I would rather he ________________ (stay) at home yesterday.
答案： had stayed
2．If you ________________ (work) hard then，you would be in the university now.
答案： had worked
3．If you ______ (be) here，you would see the famous star.
答案： were
4．If he ______________________(come) last night，he would have grasped the chance.
答案： had come earlier
5．If it ________________(rain) last night，it would be very cold today.
答案： had rained
6．I wish that I ________________(go) with you to see the film last night.
答案： had gone
7．He suggested that our class ________________(divide) into five groups.
答案： should be divided
8．I had hoped that John ________________(become) a doctor，but he wasn’t good enough at science.
答案： would become
9．I am a poor man now. If I ________ (have) money，I ________________ (buy) a large house.
答案： had；would buy
10．If he________________________(return) in a day or two，I would wait for him.
答案： were to return
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—Mike，it’s a pity you didn’t come to the opening ceremony of the 11th National Games.It was really great!
—Really？If I________so busy，I would have gone.
A．hadn’t been B．weren’t
C．shouldn’t be D．wouldn’t be
解析： 句意为：——迈克，非常遗憾你没能去11届全运会的开幕式。那真是太棒了！——真的吗？如果我不那么忙的话，就去了。根据句意，本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句应该是had＋过去分词，故答案为A。
答案： A
2．I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you ________ next month for a visit.
A．come B．would come
C．came D．have come
解析： would rather后面的从句中要用虚拟语气。根据next month可知此句表达的是将来的情况，故用一般过去时。
答案： C
3．Should the weather be good tomorrow，we ________ climbing.
A．had gone B．could have gone
C．would go D．went
解析： 句意为：如果明天天气好，我们会去爬山。此处用了虚拟条件句的倒装。根据”tomorrow”可知，此处表达的是将来的情况。
答案： C
4．—Why didn’t you buy the flat
—I________，but I didn’t have the money.
A．would have B．bought
C．would like to D．had bought
解析： 句意为：——你为什么不买那个公寓？——我想买，但我没钱。该句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，完整形式为：If I had the money，I would have bought it.
答案： A
5．________for the fact that she got hit by a car and broke her leg on her way to school，she might have passed the exam.
A．Had it not been B．Hadn’t it been
C．Was it not D．Were it not
解析： 句意为：要不是因为在上学的路上被汽车撞了且腿部骨折，她可能就通过考试了。根据句意及主句谓语动词形式可知从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为A。
答案： A
6．(2010·长春高二检测)I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she________，she would have met my brother.
A．has come B．did come
C．came D．had come
解析： 根据would have met my brother可知，这是一个表示与过去事实相反的假设，if条件从句用had done。
答案： D
7．If my lawyer________here last Friday，he________me from telling the truth.
A．had been；would have prevented
B．had been；would prevent
C．were；would prevent
D．were；would have prevented
解析： 从句中所给时间状语last Friday可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟，if从句中用“had＋过去分词”，主句用“would have＋过去分词”，所以选A项。
答案： A
8．If you________your teacher’s advice，you________the exams last week.
A．took；didn’t fail
B．took；wouldn’t fail
C．were taking；wouldn’t fail
D．had taken；would not have failed
解析： 考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟条件句表示与过去情况相反，主句谓语用“would/could/might＋have＋过去分词”，从句谓语用过去完成时。句意为：如果当时你听了老师的建议的话，你上周的考试就不会不及格了。
答案： D
9．I wish I________English hard when I was young，but it is too late now.
A．had studied B．have studied
C．studied D．study
解析： 考查虚拟语气的用法。动词wish后的宾语从句表示过去未能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)或“would/could＋have＋过去分词”，句意为：我多么希望我年轻时认真地学英语呀，但现在太迟了。
答案： A
10．Seeing we were very tired，Jack suggested that we ________ a ten minute coffee break.
A．could take B．may take
C．must take D．take
解析： 考查虚拟语气的用法。动词suggest作“建议”讲时，要用虚拟语气，即它引导的宾语从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should也可以省略。
答案： D
11．________it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Water Cube.
A．Were B．Should
C．Would D．Will
解析： 考查虚拟语气。句意为：如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟参观水立方。状语从句中不用将来时，排除C、D。A项表“将来”应用were to结构。Should it rain tomorrow＝If it should rain tomorrow。
答案： B
12．The young man insisted that he________nothing wrong and ________free immediately.
A．did；set B．had done；should be set
C．do；be set D．had done；must be set
解析： 考查insist的用法。句意为：他坚持说他没有做错并且要求立刻被释放。第一空表示坚决声称，不用虚拟语气，排除C。第二空表示坚决要求，用虚拟语气。排除A、D。
答案： B
13．(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice，he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A．followed B．should follow
C．had followed D．would follow
解析： 句意为：如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if条件句表示与过去事实相反，故从句应用过去完成时。
答案： C
14．—Shall we go to the movie tonight
—No，I’d rather________at home with our baby.
A．you stayed B．you stay
C．stayed D．stay
解析： 考查虚拟语气。句意为：“我们今晚去看电影怎么样？”“不，我宁愿你和孩子待在家里。”would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的愿望。
答案： A
建议信
一、题目要求
假如你是李华，你的好朋友王平给你写信咨询应如何正确读书，请结合你的读书经验给他写一封信。内容包括以下要点：
1．所读书籍难度要适中，偏难、偏易均不宜。若发现一本书太难，不妨先放在一边，换一本容易些的读；
2．读书固然要读自己感兴趣的书，但更要读对自己有益的书；
3．有的书匆匆浏览便可；有的则需细读、精读，更要随时记笔记；
4．不要羞于问问题，任何比你懂得多的人都是你的老师；
5．勤查词典。词典是你最好的老师。
注意：1.词数：120左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
二、构思谋篇
三、关键词语
既不太难也不太容易 neither too difficult nor too easy
放在一边 put aside
记笔记 take notes
粗读 read roughly
精读 read slowly and carefully
羞于做某事 be shy to do sth.
好好利用 make good use of
四、连词成句
1．读书的成功需要正确的阅读方法。
To read successfully requires correct ways of reading.
2．如果发现一本书太难，不妨先放在一边，换一本容易些的读。
If you find it too hard to go on with the book，just put it aside for the moment and change for an easier one.
3．不仅要选择自己感兴趣的书，更要读对自己有益的书。
Choose books that not only interest you but also benefit you.
4．任何比你懂得多的人都是你的老师。
Anyone who knows more than you do can be your teacher.(共7张PPT)
德国艺术大师Albrecht Durer有一幅名画“祈祷之手”，这幅画的背后有一则爱与牺牲的故事。
In a tiny village near Nuremberg，lived a family with eighteen children.In order merely to keep food on the table，the father worked almost eighteen hours a day at his trade.Despite their seemingly hopeless condition，two of the children had a dream. They both wanted to pursue (追求) their talent for art，but they knew that their father would never be financially able to send either of them to Nuremberg to study at the academy.
After many long discussions at night，the two boys finally worked out an agreement.They would toss a coin.The loser would go down into the nearby mines and，with his earnings，support his brother while he attended the academy.Then，when that brother who won the toss completed his studies，in four years，he would support the other brother at the academy.
They tossed a coin on a Sunday morning after church. Albrecht Durer won the toss and went off to Nuremberg. Albert went down into the dangerous mines and，for the next four years，financed (资助) his brother.When Albrecht returned to his village，he drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice (牺牲)．His closing words were，“And now，Albert，blessed brother of mine，now it is your turn. Now you can go to Nuremberg to pursue your dream，and I will take care of you.”
Albert shook his head，tears streaming down his pale face. He said softly，“No，brother.I cannot go to Nuremberg. Look what four years in the mines have done to my hands！I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast...for me it is too late.”
By now，Albrecht Durer’s hundreds of masterful works hang in every great museum in the world，but the odds (可能性) are great that you，like most people，are familiar with only one of Albrecht Durer’s works—his brother’s abused hands.
The next time you see a copy of that touching creation，take a second look.Let it be your reminder，if you still need one，that no one—no one ever makes it alone!Unit 1 Section Ⅲ
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．This white table is much smaller than the red one，but it is three times________heavy.
A．as B．so
C．too D．very
解析： 此句中的as heavy后面省略了as the red one。
答案： A
2．The idea of working abroad really________me，and I’m trying to apply for a job abroad.
A．adapts to B．relates to
C．responds to D．appeals to
解析： 句意为：去国外工作的想法吸引着我，我正试图在国外找到一份工作。appeal to意为“有吸引力”，符合句意。adapt to适应(新环境等)；relate to sb./sth.理解或同情某人(某事物)；respond to回应，反应。
答案： D
3．Currently eleven of her works are in print，and a good number of others________available in public libraries.
A．are B．were
C．is D．was
解析： 由Currently可知，此句应该用一般现在时，a number of...作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
答案： A
4．Tom wasn’t good at physics at first，but his physics has improved________since the new teacher began teaching him.
A．a great deal B．scores of
C．plenty of D．a great many
解析： a great deal表示“大量，许多”，在句中作状语(修饰has improved)。a great many和scores of用来修饰复数名词；plenty of既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词这三个选项都不可作状语。
答案： A
5．The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
解析： 句意为：“对于孩子们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易的适应新的环境。”adapt to适应，符合句意。
答案： A
6．He hurried to the booking office，only________that all the tickets had been sold out.
A．to tell B．to be told
C．telling D．told
解析： 句意为：他匆匆赶到售票处，结果却被告知所有的票已经卖完了。用“only＋不定式”表示出乎意料的结果。
答案： B
7．What worries her most is that her son，who is twenty years old，is not interested in anything and doesn’t have a(n)________aim of life.
A．specific B．ridiculous
C．negative D．allergic
解析： 考查形容词的意思辨析。specific意为“确切的；特定的”，句中是说Tom没有确切的人生目标。而ridiculous意为“荒谬的”；negative意为“消极的”；allergic意为“过敏性的”。
答案： A
8．The illness grew worse after the patient took the medicine because he was allergic ________ it.
A．in B．on
C．with D．to
解析： be allergic to对……过敏。
答案： D
9．It is a pity that I missed the chance to get the signature of my favourite sports star，Liu Xiang，________.
A．in the flesh B．in place
C．in flesh D．in addition
解析： 此题是对固定短语的考查。in the flesh意为“亲自，本人”。由句意可知，此处是说为自己错过得到刘翔本人签名的机会而感到遗憾。
答案： A
10．Joanna is a ________ girl so her mother pays much attention to her nutrition.
A．pretty B．slim
C．smart D．delicate
解析： 考查形容词词义。pretty漂亮的，slim苗条的；smart机灵的；聪敏的；delicate身体虚弱的。由句意可知D项正确。
答案： D
11．—I am going to see the victim’s brother.
—I’d rather you________.
A．didn’t B．don’t
C．shouldn’t D．hadn’t
解析： 由首句”我要去看受害者的弟弟”可知答句句意”我宁愿你不要去”，对现在或将来情况的虚拟应用一般过去时，故选A。
答案： A
12．Wang Meng devoted herself entirely to her career，which earned her a good________in her field.
A．pressure B．reputation
C．standard D．permission
解析： 考查名词词义辨析。pressure压力；reputation名声，声誉；standard标准；permission允许，许可。由句意可知B项正确。
答案： B
13．I made a(n)________to apologize for what I had done，but Bill wouldn’t even talk to me.
A．promise B．offer
C．attempt D．progress
解析： make an attempt to do sth.表示“试图做某事”。make a promise作出承诺；make progress取得进展。
答案： C
14．Short hair is back________this year.The female workers in my office all had their long hair cut.
A．in common B．in style
C．in trouble D．in place
解析： 句意为：短发今年又开始流行了。我们办公室的女职员都把她们的长发剪了。in style意为“流行的”，符合句意。in common共有；in trouble有麻烦；in place在适当的位置。
答案： B
15．—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away
—________.
A．It’s your opinion B．I don’t mind
C．It’s all up to you D．That’s your decision
解析： 考查口语交际。句意为：“我们现在就去看艺术展览吗？”“这取决于你。” It’s all up to you这一切取决于你，符合语境。It’s your opinion这是你的观点，I don’t mind我不介意，That’s your decision那是你的决定。
答案： C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
I will tell you the truth about plastic bags—the positive and the negative sides and provide a solution to this problem.Whether it is a shopping bag，a food bag or a trash bag，they are all made of plastic.Grocery store owners are very generous in using plastic bags.They place the fruit in one bag and drop the box of milk in another.Ever wonder why
The positive side of plastic bags
Grocery stores，shopping centers，and restaurants are not thrifty in using and giving out plastic bags because they cost no more than a cent each，while a paper bag costs four cents.Plastic bags are produced so cheaply and massively (大量地) that they are used by 80% of store owners.In addition，they are light and very easy to carry and store.
The production of plastic bags has increased greatly over the last 20 years and producers of plastic bags are making large profits.However，the negative side of plastic bags is becoming well known.More people are now getting worried that the earth is becoming a victim of the plastic bag success story.
The negative side of plastic bags
While production and consumption (消费) of plastic bags is good for business，it is not so for our Mother Earth.They have resulted in an increase in the amount of litter found floating in water or in the streets where we live.
Plastic storage bags，after usage，usually go to landfills as trash bags.They make the oceans poisonous.They poison sea animals.They give off toxins (毒素) when burned.They simply pollute the ground，air and water.
That is the true cost of plastic bags，and it looks like it is more than a cent.These are very alarming concerns and proper action needs to be taken.
语篇解读： 本文讲述了塑料袋的优点和缺点。
1．What is this passage mainly about
A．Why people use plastic bags.
B．The harm of using plastic bags.
C．How to prevent the use of plastic bags.
D．The positive and negative sides of plastic bags.
解析： 主旨大意题，本文的第一句I will talk about the truth about plastic bags—the positive and the negative sides…为本文的主旨句，故选D。
答案： D
2．If some people are very thrifty，we probably mean they________.
A．are careful with money B．like using plastic bags
C．like using paper bags D．are careful with everything
解析： 词义猜测题。根据because they cost no more than a cent each的语境，可知因为便宜，这些杂货店，购物中心以及餐厅在使用塑料袋方面毫不吝啬，及不“节俭”，故选A。
答案： A
3．According to Paragraph 3，plastic bag producers________.
A．are now worried that the earth will become a victim of plastic bags
B．don’t think they have done enough to popularize plastic bags
C．have not realized the harm of plastic bags
D．have succeeded in popularizing the use of plastic bags
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的The production of plastic bags has increased greatly over the last 20 years...可知应选D。
答案： D
4．From the last three paragraphs，we learn that________.
A．plastic bags harm the earth severely
B．most plastic bags are not made use of
C．the prices of plastic bags are reasonable
D．plastic bags are the leading polluter on the earth
解析： 细节理解题。通读后面三段，可知塑料袋的使用对地球造成了很严重的环境污染问题。
答案： A
5．What will the writer most probably talk about in the following paragraph
A．How plastic bags are produced.
B．How plastic bags are used.
C．How to popularize the use of paper bags.
D．How to solve the problems caused by plastic bags.
解析： 推理判断题。作者在文章开头部分提到会讲怎么解决塑料袋的不利因素，而不利因素就是对环境造成污染，并在最后一段提到proper action needs to be taken，故接下来他应该会讲这个问题了。
答案： D
Michael Varey’s art students have produced an unusual exhibition.One visitor wrote that “it holds itself up to any adult exhibition”．
Scott Futher,17，a graduating student of the school in Baden，said，“We are glad we could do that.It is a unique theme and we love it.” The theme is doors and the artworks are on doors of all shapes and sizes.Some are as old as 100 years，while others are relatively new.That is where the similarities end.Each of the 51 students (therefore,51 doors) has given a unique theme to their doors.Futher’s theme is “Time Kills” and shows how precious time is.“The challenge was with making the hourglass rotate (旋转)，” said Futher，who wants to study art in university.
And a sentence carved on the door says it all，“If one door closes，more open.” “The theme of doors symbolizes what is ahead for the students，” said Varey，visual arts head at the school.“One door is closing for them (the students graduate this year)，but many more will open for them.” Varey，who is fiercely proud of the class，said he knew the students would do a great job.“When I told them the theme in September，they were more excited than worried.I knew their doors would tell many stories.”
“As the word got around，people helped us hunt down doors，”said Alex Lakic，another student. She got her door from her grandmother’s friend. Varey says he likes how the project brought the community together. But just not any door would do. The students needed doors that had interesting shapes and character.
The research that went into each theme helped educate the teens，who say they have understood each other more since the project began. Tiffani Wheeler，the curator (馆长) at the house，said，“The work shows the students’ talent and creativity. It’s advanced for teens.You would think they are skillful artists.”
语篇解读： 一位艺术老师用“门”作为主题，让他的学生们展示一些门，取得了很大的成功。
6．From Paragraph 1，we learn that in the visitor’s opinion，the exhibition is most probably________.
A．unusual B．great
C just so so D．too common
解析： 推理判断题。根据it holds itself up to any adult exhibition可知这位参观者认为这次展览举办得与成年人举办的一样好，他对这次展览的评价还是很高的。
答案： B
7．What can we know from Paragraph 2
A．No two doors are of the same age. B．The doors look like each other.
C．Each door has its own theme. D．Each door has an hourglass on it.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的Each of the 51 students (therefore,51 doors) has given a unique theme to their doors.可知每扇门的主题都不一样。
答案： C
8．By the theme of doors，Varey wants to tell the students________.
A．to value time B．that each door tells a story
C．to be hopeful about the future D．that life is full of mysteries
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段的If one door closes，more open以及many more will open for them...可知“门”这个主题想表达的是对未来要充满希望，故选C。
答案： C
9．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest
A．Newly made doors couldn’t be chosen.
B．Students couldn’t select doors from their own home.
C．Not all the people from the community helped find doors.
D．Only doors with interesting shapes and character could be chosen.
解析： 推理判断题。画线句子是说不是所有门都会入选，又根据后面的The students needed doors that had interesting shapes and character.可知只有那些设计有趣，又有特色的门才能入选，故选D。
答案： D
10．According to the teens，the project________.
A．helped them seem like grown ups B．helped them show their talent
C．helped them know each other better D．made them know how great they were
解析： 细节理解题。根据末段的who say they have understood each other more since the project began可知应选C。
答案： C
