中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
◆
有提示词
(一)、提示词为动词
“一定三思”解“动词”
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命题点1 考查谓语动词
若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。
[示例1]When
fat
and
salt
__________
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.
[解析] are
removed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat
and
salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are
removed。
[示例2]Later,
engineers
____________(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels,
which
became
known
as
the
Tube.
[解析] managed 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空所在句的句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系且从时间状语later和became
known
as
...
可知应用一般过去时，所以应填managed。
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命题点2 考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。一般来说，v.－ing形式表示主动进行；v.－ed形式表示被动完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
[示例1]This
included
digging
up
the
road,
_________(lay)
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
.the
top.
[解析] laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在的句子中已有谓语动词included，且空处不与included作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。
[示例2]But
unlike
her
school
friends，16?year?old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half?term
_______(rest)．
[解析] resting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在的句子中已有谓语动词is
not
spending，且空处不与其作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。spend
time(in)
doing
sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。
[示例3]Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal_______(create)
special
designs.
[解析] to
create 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在句中已有谓语动词combine，且空处不与combine作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故答案为to
create。
[示例4]A
study
of
travelers
________(conduct)
by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
[解析] conducted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在句中已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。
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(二)、提示词为形容词或副词
“二步思维”破“形、副”
命题点1 考查形容词或副词的比较等级
所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。
[示例1] Even
_________
(bad),
the
amount
of
fast
food
that
people
eat
goes
up.
[解析] worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even
worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
[示例2] The
________(hard)
you
try
to
beat
him，the
more
likely
you
will
get
hit.
[解析] harder 考查固定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故答案为harder。
◆
无提示词
“二步”准填无提示词
命题点1 填代词
无提示词的考查中，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、关系代词以及it的用法。
[示例1]Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
________
is
not
good
for
the
health.
[解析] which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。
[示例2]How
would
you
like
__________
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you?
[解析] it考查代词。it指代if
you
were
watching...asking
you这件事。
命题点2 填介词
如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
[示例1]After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full?time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
____________engineering
or
architecture.
[解析] in考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a
degree
in
engineering
or
architecture工程学或建筑学学位。
[示例2]In
1863
the
first
underground
passenger
railway
in
the
world
opened
in
London.
It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
_________
work.
[解析] from 考查介词。travel
to
and
from
work上下班。故填from。
[示例3]When
the
bus
finally
came，we
all
hurried
on
board.I
got
a
place
next_________
the
window，so
I
had
a
good
view
of
the
sidewalk.
[解析] to 考查固定搭配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语next
to，意为“挨着”。故答案为to。
命题点3 填冠词
如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
[示例1]It
took
three
years
to
complete
and
was
built
using
an
interesting
method.
This
included
digging
up
the
road,
.laying
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
___________
top.
When
all
those
had
been
done,
the
road
surface
was
replaced.
[解析] the 考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。
[示例2]Instead,
she
is
earning
￡6，500
a
day
as
____________
model
in
New
York.
[解析] a 考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6
500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。
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命题点4 填并列连词
空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等，而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。
[示例1]In
much
of
Asia,
especially
the
so?called
“rice
bowl”
cultures
of
China,
Japan,
Korea,___________Vietnam,
food
is
usually
eaten
with
chopsticks.
[解析] and 考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。
[示例2]But
the
river
wasn’t
changed
in
a
few
days
____________even
a
few
months.
[解析] or 考查并列连词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a
few
days和a
few
months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。
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命题点5 填从句连词
从句连词是指三大从句的引导词，它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词，首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
[示例1]But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
to
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid?1980s，___________
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
permitted
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
[解析] when 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the
mid－1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。
[示例2]Over
time，____________
the
population
grew,
people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.
[解析] when/as 考查状语从句的引导词。空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着”，应用when/as。
[示例3]I’d
skipped
nearby
Guilin，a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
__________
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
paintings．
[解析] that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句，因为先行词是物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which。
[示例4]I
didn’t
understand
__________
this
would
happen
and
my
credit
card
had
already
been
charged
21.for
the
reservation.
[解析] why 考查宾语从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。
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命题点6 填助动词或情态动词
有时，我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式，如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等；另外，有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。
[示例1]“This
_____
sound
crazy
but
I
was
on
my
way
to
drop
some
of
my
mother’s
things
off
at
the
charity
bins.
....”
[解析]
might/may
考查情态动词。空格后sound为动词原形，可以判断应填入情态动词；再根据语气，这里是一种可能性的推测，所以填might/may.
[示例2]
Not
until
I
returned
______I
realize
that
a
quiet
town
life
was
the
best
for
me.
[解析]did 考查考查倒装句。由于从句Not
until
I
returned位于句首，且有否定词，因此句子用部分倒装结构，再根据句子的时态---一般过去时，故填助动词did。
命题点7 其他语境填词
无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。
[示例1]So,
get
an
early
start
and
try
to
be
as
productive
__________
possible
before
lunch.
[解析] as 考查固定搭配。as...as
possible为固定搭配，意为“尽可能…”。故答案为as。
[示例2]Oh...，69.if
you
don’t
mind，I’ll
stop
and
take
_________
deep
breath．
[解析] a 考查固定搭配。take
a
deep
breath意为“深深地吸一口气”，属于固定搭配。
高考核心词汇精选背诵（G字母）
gain
gossip
gymnasium
gymnastics
gallery
grab
gamble
guard
garage
gradual
gifted
genetic
gender
grand
glorious
glide
generation
grant
giant
gross
generous
grasp
ghost
gaze
genius
grateful
gravity
garment
genuine
gratitude
grief
gloomy
gesture
guarantee
guidance
gang
glance
guilty
govern
geology
高考核心词汇检测
Peter
knew
that
he
was
_________
of
lying.
A.
horrible
B.
guilty
C.
glorious
D.
honest
Do
you
think
this
child
has
a
_________
for
music?
A.
government
B.
gift
C.
grave
D.
goal
The
little
boy
______
at
the
night
sky,
imagining
himself
traveling
in
space
by
spaceship.
A.
glanced
B.
gunned
C.
gazed
D.
granted
His
health
is
_________
improving
under
the
good
care
of
his
wife.
A.
globally
B.
gradually
C.
gently
D.
generally
It
is
generally
believed
that
the
watch
is
________
for
two
years.
guided
B.
guessed
C.
gained
D.
guaranteed
The
old
lady
can't
hope
to
_____
her
cold
in
a
few
days.
get
over
B.
get
off
C.
hold
on
D.
hold
up
He
is
very
________,
for
he
often
buys
things
for
other
people.
A.
grief
B.
graceful
C.
generous
D.
greedy
He
sets
aside
some
time
every
day
to
________
what
he
has
learned.
A.
get
over
B.
go
over
C.
give
out
D.
give
away
She
began
to
run
a
small
_________
store
after
her
graduation
from
university.
A.gymnasium
B.
grocery
C.
garbage
D.
geology
We
are
very
_________
to
our
teacher
for
providing
us
with
many
good
books.
A.
glorious
B.
gross
C.
gloomy
D.
grateful
If
we
____
our
feelings
and
let
them
take
over,
we
can
get
into
trouble.
A.
give
way
to
B.
get
though
C.
get
along/on
with
D.
go
in
for
With
the
experienced______leading
us,
we
had
a
good
time.
A.
gambles
B.
geniuses
C.
guides
D.
helicopters
13.
He
came
back
after
work,
parking
his
car
in
the
__________.
A.
ghosts
B.
gymnastics
C.garage
D.gallery
14.
He
was
delighted
that
the
bank
finally
__________
a
?500
loan
to
me.
granted
B.
giants
C.grabbed
D.glided
15.
There
has
been
much
__________
about
the
possible
reasons
for
his
absence.
gesture
B.
gain
C.gossip
D.gratitude
参考答案：
1~5
BBCBD
6~10
ACBBD
11~15
ACCAD
语法填空专练
A
Have
you
ever
seen
an
old
movie
called
Three
Coins
in
the
Fountain?
It
is
about
three
young
American
women
(21)
_______(search)
for
permanent
romance
in
Rome
and
they
all
find
it.
Far-fetched
Hollywood?
Well,
from
the
world
history
point
of
view,
romance
did,
in
fact,
set
down
its
roots
in
Rome.
The
word
romance
evolved
in
Latin
from
Roma
to
Romanicus
of
the
Roman
language,
to
the
Old
French
romanz
escrive,
(22)
_______
means
“to
write
in
a
Romance
language,”
and
on
to
the
English
romance.
The
Romance
languages
(23)
____________(compose)
of
seven
groups
of
languages
that
all
have
Latin
(24)
______
their
basis.
These
languages
include
French,
Italian,
Spanish
and
Portuguese.
The
common
people
in
ancient
Rome
spoke
(25)________
is
referred
to
as
Vulgar
Latin,
an
informal
speech,
as
opposed
to
the
classical
Latin
of
the
more
educated.
Most
language
experts
agree
that
Vulgar
Latin
is
the
chief
source
of
the
Romance
languages.
Medieval
Romances
were
tales
(26)
__________(write)
primary
in
French
verse
about
brave
heroes.
The
notion
of
having
a
romance
with
another
person
is
thought
(27)
__________(develop)
sometime
during
the
Middle
Ages.
In
the
late
18th
century
and
on
through
the
19th,
a
romance
was
not
a
love
story
(28)
_________
a
work
of
prose
fiction
that
contained
far-fetched,
mysterious
events.
Romances
of
this
period
(29)
_________(include)
English
Gothic
novels
like
The
Castle
of
Otranto
by
Horace
Walpole.
What
exactly
is
a
twentieth-century
romance
?
Does
it
have
any
relationship
with
the
lively,
popular
novels
written
today,
with
their
fantastic
plots
of
love
affairs?
Or
did
the
playwright
Oscar
Wilde
have
it
right
in
The
Picture
of
Dorian
Gray:
“
When
one
is
in
love,
one
always
begins
by
deceiving
(30)
_________,
and
one
always
ends
by
deceiving
others.
That
is
what
the
world
calls
a
romance.”
【答案】1．searching
2．which
3．are
composed
4．as
5．what
6．written
7．to
have
developed
8．but
9．included
10．oneself/himself
【解析】1．介词about后面接动名词，three
young
American
women是动名词的逻辑主语。故填searching。
2．使用非限制性定语从句，先行词是romanz
escrive，指物，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词引导，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。故填which。
3．be
composed
of意为“由……组成”，主语是复数，故填are
composed。
4．have…as…意为“认为……是……”。故填as。
5．spoke后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句。故填what。
6．使用非谓语动词作定语修饰tales，tales和write是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填written。
7．使用Sb/Sth
is
thought
to
have
done某人某物已经做了某事。故填to
have
developed。
8．使用not…but…结构，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
9．主语是Romances
of
this
period“那个时期的爱情小说”，谓语是一般过去时。故填included。
10．句意：当一个人开始恋爱的时候，总是开始欺骗自己。使用反身代词，主语是one。故填oneself/himself。
【备注】文章介绍爱情小说起源于罗马和爱情小说的演变过程。
B
Highly
gifted
children
benefit
from
explanation
as
much
as
their
peers
Schools
tend
to
assume
that
highly
gifted
children
can
manage
by
themselves
and
that
they
do
not
need
any
extra
support
.
As
a
result
,
they
sometimes
seem
(21)_______(forget)
.
Psychologist
Bar
Vogelaar
conducted
a
research
and
discovered
that
a
high
gift
does
not
mean
(22)
_______(perform)
to
the
children’s
maximum
capacity
.
He
finds
out
that
this
group
too
benefit
from
training
and
explanation
and
that
strangely
enough
,
the
benefits
are
the
same
(23)
________both
groups.
In
his
research
,
Vogelaa
made
use
of
dynamic
tests
(动态测试)，(24)
_______
________children
received
training
and
their
progress
was
measured
afterwards
to
give
a
better
image
of
their
learning
capabilities
,
522
children
aged
between
five
and
ten
years
----173
highly
gifted
and
349
averagely
gifted
-----took
part
in
(25)______
was
so-called
learning
potential
test
;
The
children
(26)_________(assign)
to
solve
analogical
reasoning
（类推）
tasks.
Three
boxes
were
filled
with
figures
that
changed
from
one
box
to
the
next
according
to
a
particular
rule,
for
example
,
in
size
or
in
position
.
The
children
had
to
use
analogical
reasoning
to
draw
(27)_______figure
in
the
last
box.
Afterwards
,
the
children
were
given
a
training
,(28)________(follow)
by
a
further
set
of
tasks
as
a
post-assessment.
Vogelaar:”
This
kind
of
test
gives
a
better
insight
into
how
well
children
learn
because
we
are
able
to
measure
(29)_______
__________
how
much
they
progress
on
a
new
task
,
but
also
how
much
and
what
kind
of
help
they
need
to
achieve
this
progress.”
The
test
showed
that
all
groups
of
children
made
progress
,
from
the
starting
to
the
post-measurement
,
with
major
individual
difference
.
“
it
confirms
that
talented
(30)_______
many
children
are
,
they
benefit
from
teachers’
help
to
a
great
extent
,
and
that
they
don’t
always
show
their
full
potential
in
test.”
Vogelaar
concludes.
【答案】
21.
to
be
forgotten
22.
performing
23.
for
24.
in
which
25.
what
26.
were
assigned
27.
the
28.
followed
29.
not
only
30.
as/though
【解析】
本文主要讲解关于有天赋的孩子和他们的同龄人一样，都是从对问题的解释中获益的。首先指出结论，第二三段通过实验进行论证，最后一段再次称述结论。
21，考查动词适当形式，此题为简单句，谓语动词为seem
，此处为非谓语动词，根据搭配seem
to
do
得知此处填写不定式，但是此时要注意考虑不定式的语态变化“他们（有天赋的孩子）有时似乎会被忘记”，所以应该填写不定式的被动形式，所以此处为不定式的被动形式，答案为to
be
forgotten.
22,考查动词的适当形式，比较容易，根据横线前的动词mean
得知，查看mean
doing
和
mean
to
do
的区别，
mean
doing
---意味着做某事，
mean
to
do
---想要做某事，
再联系上下文得知此处表示“----有好的天赋不一定意味着能发挥孩子的最大能力”，所以此处应该为mean
doing
,正确答案为performing
23,分析句子成分，此处为简单句，横线后为复数名词短语，所以此处应该填写介词，介词的选择需要根据文章的上下文，此句意为“他查找出，这组也是从训练和对问题的理解中获益，并且令人奇怪的是，这些收益______两个组而言都是一样的。”此处应该填写的是“对于”，所以应该选的介词为for
24,
分析句子成分，横线后为一个句子，此处应该填写的是连词，根据横线前为名词得知，此句有可能为定语从句，分析句子意思得知“在实验中，Vogelaa
李永乐动态测试，孩子们_____接受训练”此处表示“在测试中”，所以此句为非限制性定语从句，因为有两个空，所以应该为介词+which
的形式，所以正确答案为in
which
25,分析句子成分，横线前为动词短语take
part
in
,
横线后为was
等系动词+表语的形式，纵观整个句子得知此句中有两个谓语动词，
所以此处应该填写连词，因为是放在动词短语之后，所以此句为宾语从句，
分析得知，宾语从句中缺少主语，据句意，知正确答案为what
26,考查动词适当形式，分析句子成分，此句为简单句，此处应该是谓语动词，需要考虑时态和语态，根据前后文，得知为过去时，
根据意思“孩子们是被分配去做----”所以此处应该是过去时的被动语态，所以正确答案为were
assigned
27,
分析句子成分，横线后为名词单数，所以要考虑到此处为冠词，根据句意得知“孩子们不得不用分析逻辑推理去画出最后一个箱子的那个数字”，figure
后用名词短语修饰，所以应该使用定冠词，所以正确答案为the
28,考查动词适当形式，分析句子成分，此句中已经有谓语动词were
given
，所以这里应该填写非谓语动词，根据横线后的by
得知此处表示被动，所以用过去分词表被动，正确答案为followed
29,
分析句子成分，特别指出的是，注意句子的完整性，（当句子过长的时候，要注意划分句子成分），根据后文的but
also
,所以很容易得到正确答案为not
only
30,分析句子成分，此题考查
as
引导的特殊倒装，as
表示“虽然，尽管”时候，
as引导的从句中表语可以提前，表示强调，如：
rich
as
he
is
,he
is
unhappy.此处表示
talented
as
many
children
are
,
they
benefit
from
----，意为“虽然孩子们很有天赋，但是他们在很大程度上是从老师的帮助中受益的”
C
How
to
Find
Happiness
without
Buying
it?
Our
materialistic
society
has
led
us
to
believe
that
happiness
cannot
be
obtained
without
having
money.
Rather
than
learning
to
be
satisfied
with
what
we
have,
we
___21___
(teach)to
want
more.
We
learn
from
advertising,
and
from
the
media,
__22____
we
need
to
buy
trinkets
and
toys
in
order
to
make
ourselves
happy,
or
__23___
(fulfill)
emotional
needs,
and
that
the
purchases
they
are
trying
to
talk
us
into
will
provide
us
with
the
psychological
comfort
we
are
looking
for.
Unfortunately,
as
a
society
we
have
bought
into
these
___24___
(misguide)messages
and
have
come
to
believe
that
___25__
(spend)
money
on
certain
items
will
bring
us
fame,
fortune,
happiness,
beauty,
or
popularity.
As
a
result,
we
trade
hours
of
our
lives
working,
sacrificing
time
that
__26___
have
been
spent
with
our
families,
___27__
the
pursuit
of
the
almighty
dollar.
Actually,
there
are
a
number
of
ways
to
enjoy
life
without
the
need
for
a
great
deal
of
money.
For
example,
Think
about
__28__
you
would
spend
your
time,
and
what
you
would
do
for
enjoyment.
Change
your
focus
from
material
possessions
to
___29__
that
bring
you
enjoyment,
such
as
spending
quality
time
with
your
family
and
friends.Certainly,
it
is
important
to
work
and
earn
enough
to
provide
for
our
basic
needs
and
the
needs
of
our
families,
but
it
is
important
to
recognize
when
the
desire
for
personal
possessions
becomes
overly
consuming,
__30___
otherwise
will
upset
a
balance
between
a
satisfying
work
life
and
a
rich
home
life.
The
best
way
to
achieve
such
a
balance
is
to
ensure
the
drive
for
material
possessions
does
not
become
all
consuming.
【答案】are
taught
；that；to
fulfill；misguided；spending；could；for；how；others；which
【解析】
考查时态语态，句子缺谓语，teach
sb，但是这里teach没有宾语，所以用被动。
考查连词，这是个宾语从句，从句不缺成分以及没有疑问意思，所以用that
考查非谓语，前面有个or，表示并列，所以跟前面的to
make并列，所以填to
fulfill
考查非谓语，做后面messages的前置定语，表示被动，所以填done的形式
考查非谓语，spend动名词在从句中的主语
考查情态动词，that后面是个从句，动词原形前考虑情态动词，根据句意，填写could
考查介词，后面是个名词短语，想到介词，根据句意填写for，表示为了
考查连词，think
about后面是个宾语从句，根据句意是填写how
考查代词，from...to...,根据这个短语判断填写名词，但是不可以，所以想到代词，根据句意填写others
考查连词，这里which指代前面整句句子
1
Highly
gifted
children
benefit
from
explanation
as
much
as
their
peers
Schools
tend
to
assume
that
highly
gifted
children
can
manage
by
themselves
and
that
they
do
not
need
any
extra
support.
As
a
result,
they
sometimes
seem
(21)
________
(forget).
Psychologist
Bart
Vogelaar
conducted
a
research
and
discovered
that
a
high
gift
does
not
mean
(22)
________
(perform)
to
the
children’s
maximum
capacity.
He
finds
out
that
this
group
too
benefits
from
training
and
explanation
and
that
strangely
enough,
the
benefits
are
the
same
(23)
________
both
groups.
In
his
research,
Vogelaa
made
use
of
dynamic
tests（动态测试）,
(24)
________
________
children
received
training
and
their
progress
was
measured
afterwards
to
give
a
better
image
of
their
learning
capabilities.
522
children
aged
between
five
and
ten
years
--
173
highly
gifted
and
349
averagely
gifted
--
took
part
in
(25)
________
was
so-called
learning
potential
test.
The
children
(26)
________
(assign)
to
solve
analogical
reasoning（类推）tasks.
Three
boxes
were
filled
with
figures
that
changed
from
one
box
to
the
next
according
to
a
particular
rule,
for
example,
in
size
or
in
position.
The
children
had
to
use
analogical
reasoning
to
draw
(27)
________
figure
in
the
last
box.
Afterwards,
the
children
were
given
a
training,
(28)
________
(follow)
by
a
further
set
of
tasks
as
a
post-assessment.
Vogelaar:
“This
kind
of
test
gives
a
better
insight
into
how
well
children
learn
because
we
are
able
to
measure
(29)
________
________
how
much
they
progress
on
a
new
task,
but
also
how
much
and
what
kind
of
help
they
need
to
achieve
this
progress.”
The
test
showed
that
all
groups
of
children
made
progress,
from
the
starting
to
the
post-measurement,
with
major
individual
differences.
“It
confirms
that
talented
(30)
________
many
children
are,
they
benefit
from
teachers’
help
to
a
great
extent,
and
that
they
don't
always
show
their
full
potential
in
tests.”
Vogelaar
concludes.
答案：
21.
to
be
forgotten
22.
performing
23.
for
24.
in
which
25.
what
26.
were
assigned
27.
the
28.
followed
29.
not
only
30.
as/though
2
Have
you
ever
seen
an
old
movie
called
Three
Coins
in
the
Fountain?
It
is
about
three
young
American
women
(21)
(search)
for
permanent
romance
in
Rome
and
they
all
find
it.
Far-fetched
Hollywood?
Well,
from
the
world
history
point
of
view,
romance
did,
in
fact,
set
down
its
roots
in
Rome.
The
word
romance
evolved
in
Latin
from
Roma
to
Romanicus
of
the
Roman
language,
to
the
Old
French
romanz
escrive,
(22)
means
“to
write
in
a
Romance
language,”
and
on
to
the
English
romance.
The
Romance
languages
(23)
(compose)
of
seven
groups
of
languages
that
all
have
Latin
(24)
their
basis.
These
languages
include
French,
Italian,
Spanish
and
Portuguese.
The
common
people
in
ancient
Rome
spoke
(25)
is
referred
to
as
Vulgar
Latin,
an
informal
speech,
as
opposed
to
the
classical
Latin
of
the
more
educated.
Most
language
experts
agree
that
Vulgar
Latin
is
the
chief
source
of
the
Romance
languages.
Medieval
Romances
were
tales
(26)
(write)
primary
in
French
verse
about
brave
heroes.
The
notion
of
having
a
romance
with
another
person
is
thought
(27)
(develop)
sometime
during
the
Middle
Ages.
In
the
late
8th
century
and
on
through
the
19th,
a
romance
was
not
a
love
story
(28)
a
work
of
prose
fiction
that
contained
far-fetched,
mysterious
events.
Romances
of
this
period
(29)
(include)
English
Gothic
novels
like
The
Castle
of
Otranto
by
Horace
Walpole.
What
exactly
is
a
twentieth-century
romance?
Does
it
have
any
relationship
with
the
lively,
popular
novels
written
today,
with
their
fantastic
plots
of
love
affairs?
Or
did
the
playwright
Oscar
Wilde
have
it
right
in
The
Picture
of
Dorian
Gray:”When
one
is
in
love,
one
always
begins
by
deceiving
(30)
and
one
always
ends
by
deceiving
others.
That
is
what
the
world
calls
a
romance.”
答案：
searching
22.
which
23.
are
composed
24.
as
25.
what
26.
written
27.
to
have
developed
28.
but
29.
included
30.
oneself/himself
3
From
classics
to
movies
He
can
recite
Shakespeare’s
Hamlet
from
memory.
His
favorite
ancient
myth
is
The
Odyssey.
Tom
Hiddleston,
32,
could
have
been
a
popular
professor
teaching
English
Literature
at
(21)
________
university,
but
the
well-educated
British
man
chose
to
do
something
that
he
loves
even
more,
acting.
He's
well-known
around
the
world
as
the
villain
Loki
from
the
Hollywood
films
Thor
(2011),
The
Avengers
(2012)
and
now
Thor:
The
Dark
World,
which
will
come
out
in
China
on
Nov
8.
Hiddleston’s
role
as
Thor’s
evil
brother
has
led
his
fans
—
“Hiddlestoners”
—
(22)______(refer)
to
him
as
“the
most
charming
villain”
in
cinema.
(23)________
his
charm,
Hiddleston
had
a
tough
time
(24)
________
(persuade)
his
scientist
father
that
acting
was
a
worthwhile
job.
As
a
student
at
Eton,
a
private
school
for
upper-class
kids
in
England,
Hiddleston
performed
in
a
lot
of
school
plays.
At
18,
he
appeared
on
stage
at
the
Edinburgh
International
Festival.
“It
was
the
first
time
that
people
I
knew
and
loved
and
respected
came
up
to
me
after
the
show
and
said:
‘You
could
really
do
this
(25)
________
you
wanted
to’,”
Hiddleston
told
the
Daily
Mail.
He
said
that
as
a
teenager
he
didn't
have
much
self-esteem,
but
acting
gave
him
confidence.
“It
was
when
they
started
saying
I
could
do
it
(26)
_______I
really
committed
to
it
as
a
possibility,”
he
continued.
However,
his
father
did
not
approve,
believing
his
polite
and
bright
son
should
be
using
his
brains
for
(27
________else.
“You’ve
been
educated,
so
why
do
you
want
to
spend
your
life
pretending
to
be
someone
else
when
you
could
be
your
own
man?”
the
father
told
the
son.
So,
instead
of
going
to
drama
school,
Hiddleston
went
to
Cambridge,
(28)
_______he
studied
classics.
There,
he
continued
to
appear
in
student
plays
and
even
landed
some
roles
on
TV
and
in
local
theaters.
He
managed
to
balance
his
acting
and
his
studies
so
well
that
he
(29)
______
(graduate)
with
a
first-class
degree.
But
Hiddleston’s
international
breakthrough
came
when
he
auditioned
for
the
2011
film
Thor.
He
was
desperate
to
play
the
title
superhero,
but
the
director
decided
that
he
was
(30)
______(suitable)
for
the
part
of
the
villain,
Loki.
In
the
end,
his
dark
and
powerful
performance
won
over
his
father.
It
also
earned
him
some
important
fans
in
the
film
industry:
Steven
Spielberg
and
Woody
Allen.
The
two
world-famous
directors
asked
him
to
star
in
their
award-winning
films
War
Horse
(2011)
and
Midnight
in
Paris
(2011),
respectively.
答案：
21.
a
22.
to
refer
23.
Despite
24.
persuading
25.
if
26.
that
27.
something
28.
where
29.
graduated
30.
more
suitable
4
Jim
Thompson
Jim
Thompson’s
life
story
is
one
of
success,
achievement,
and
finally
mystery
because
no
one
knows
how
it
ended.
Thompson
was
born
in
Delaware(21)_____
the
east
coast
of
the
United
States
in
1906.
After
finishing
high
school,
Thompson
went
to
Princeton
University
and
later
studied
architecture
at
the
University
of
Pennsylvania.
After
graduation,
Jim
Thompson
worked
as
an
architect
in
New
York
City
until
1940.
Not
long
after
this,
he
volunteered(22)______
(serve)in
the
U.S.
Army.
During
World
War
II,
Thompson
gathered
intelligence
for
the
army
in
Thailand.
It
was
this
first
taste
of
life
in
the
Far
East(23)______
changed
Thompson’s
life.
He
saw
opportunities
to
develop
tourism
there,
becoming(24)______
(involve)in
an
ambitious
scheme
to
restore
the
Oriental
Hotel.
While
the
hotel
plan
fell
through,
by
that
time
Thompson
had
hit
upon
another
scheme
that
would
eventually
make
him
a
millionaire.
While
traveling
around
Thailand,
he
came
across(25)____
he
considered
exquisite(精美的)samples
of
handwoven
Thai
silk,
a
product
that(26)_____(become)rare.
He
persuaded
the
weavers
to
work
with
him
and
marketed
the
silk
in
New
York,
(27)______
it
became
very
popular.
As
a
consequence,
the
Thai
silk
industry
was
revived(复兴)and
the
business
made
Thompson
and
some
of
the
weavers
very
wealthy.
With
his
success
in
the
silk
business,
Jim
Thompson
continued
his
original
interest
in
architecture
on
the
side.
He
found
six
traditional
Thai
houses
and
had(28)_____
brought
to
Bangkok
and
reassembled
there
as
one
magnificent
house.
Today,
not
only
is
it
a
beautiful
house
inside
and
out,
(29)______
it
is
also
filled
with
the
works
of
art
Thompson
collected.
In
1967
during
a
holiday
in
Malaysia,
he
went
for
a
walk
in
the
Jungle
and
disappeared
forever.
To
this
day,
no
clues(30)____(find)as
to
what
happened
to
this
wealthy
American
businessman
who
is
credited
with
single-handedly
reviving
the
Thai
silk
industry.
答案：
21.
on
22.
to
serve
23.
that
24.
involved
25.
what
26.
had
become
27.
where
28.
them
29.
but
30.
have
been
found
5
Wildlife
secrets
of
Nigeria's
last
wilderness
Researchers
from
C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hester
Zoo,
working
with
the
Nigeria
National
Park
Service,
surveyed
over
1,000
square
kilometres
of
the
national
park.
Known
（21）____
its
mountain
rainforests,
savannah
woodlands
and
rolling
grasslands,
it
is
home
to
some
of
West
Africa's
most
endangered
animals.
The
cameras
（22）___
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)_
(spot)
some
animals
that
have
never
been
recorded
before
in
the
area
and
others,
like
chimps,
（23）____
are
rarely
seen.
Stuart
Nixon,
the
Africa
Field
Programme
Co-ordinator
at
Chester
Zoo,
said
confirmation
of
the
locations
of
chimps
was
an
important
discovery."
Gashaka's
been
regarded
for
many
years
as
（24）____
(have)the
biggest
population
of
this
Nigeria-Cameroon
chimp,
which
is
the
rarest
chimp
subspecies,"
he
said."
We
consider
it
the
most
important
population
-
that's
really
（25）____
we
need
to
count
it
and
see
what
the
status
of
the
chimp
is
right
now
-
that
will
ultimately
affect
what
we
know
about
this
subspecies
elsewhere."
The
chimp
（26）_
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)___
(endanger)
across
its
range
in
Cameroon
and
Nigeria.
Its
total
population
is
down
to
fewer
than
9,000
individuals,
of
which
about
1,000
are
thought
（27）____(live)to
live
within
the
borders
of
the
national
park.
"It's
an
incredible
tool
to
use
these
camera
traps
and
to
reveal
that
this
park
-
which
is
a
（28）____(forget)forgotten
wilderness,
really,
for
Nigeria
-
still
has
a
really
important
reservoir
of
important
species
for
Nigeria
and
Africa
in
general,"
said
Stuart
Nixon.
Chester
Zoo
is
fund
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
guards
for
the
rangers
and
providing
training
in
wildlife
monitoring
and
protection.
"This
work
is
helping
us
learn
more
about
the
secrets
of
one
of
our
last
wilderness
areas
and
we
must
continue
to
work
together
to
ensure
（29）____
survival
for
future
generations.
"（30）____
all
this
beauty
were
lost
it
would
be
a
terrible
tragedy
for
all."
答案：
21:
for
22.
spotted
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
23.
which
24.
having
25.
why
is
endangered
27.
to
live
28.
/forgotten
9.
its
30.
If
6
How
to
deal
with
Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?
There
are
always
some
people
radiating
negativity
in
the
work
place.
For
them,
the
temperature
is
never
right,
the
boss
is
always
a
fool,
the
canteen
food
is
awful,
and
they
(21)
______
(treat)
unfairly.
Career
experts
say
such
habitual
complainers
are
highly
contagious(会蔓延的)
,
(22)
______
attitude
can
easily
affect
an
entire
team
in
a
company.
“While
some
complaints
might
be
reasonable,
(23)
______
are
taken
from
thin
air.
You
need
to
see
between
these
different
types
and
adopt
the
right
strategy
towards
each,”
said
Li
Ming,
HR
manager
at
Wal-Mart
(China).
It
is
especially
hard
to
deal
with
complaints
at
work
(24)
______
you
can’t
just
walk
away
or
put
your
colleagues’
words
out
of
mind.
If
you
do,
it
will
hurt
your
co-workers
and
you
might
be
isolated.
In
a
team-based
company
you
belong
to
a
group
and
need
to
behave
accordingly.
But
don’t
show
too
much
sympathy.
Listening
passively
to
others’
complaints
could
damage
your
image
and
give
others
the
impression
(25)
______
you
agree
with
them.
“Listen
to
the
whiners
actively,”
said
HR
Li.
“Help
them
find
a
solution,
or
see
(26)
______
there
are
ways
to
improve
the
situation.”
Zhai
Min,
24,
a
software
engineer
at
Kingdee
International
Software
Group
in
Shenzhen,
found
that
3
elderly
workers
liked
to
complain
about
everything,
from
(27)
______
(extend)
working
hours
to
cheap
hotels
on
business
trips.
“I
let
them
talk
about
their
opinions,”
she
said,
“They
feel
better
when
(28)
______
(tell)
someone
how
they
want
things
to
be.”
But
listening
actively
is
far
from
enough.
Wang
Dianxue,
27,
is
an
Internet
engineer
at
Beijing
Push
Marcom
Group.
His
co-workers
always
complain
that
their
computer
systems
are
not
working
properly.
“I
ask
about
the
specifics
and
work
together
with
them
(29)
______
(fix)
everything
technically.”
he
said.
HR
managers
believe
that
when
staffs
complain,
it
is
more
a
matter
of
recognition
than
an
actual
problem.
“The
real
problem
is
that
the
whiners
don’t
feel
they
are
being
taken
seriously,”
said
Xu
Jun,
HR
manager
at
Guangqi
Honda
Automobile
Co.,
Ltd.
“(30)
______
(give)
them
advice
or
perspectives
attentively
and
the
problem
will
usually
disappear.”
答案：
are
treated
22.
whose
23.
others
24.
because
(since,
as)
25.
that
26.
whether
(if)
27.
extended
28.
telling
29.
to
fix
30.
Give
7
Developing
Competent
Teaching
Nations
that
have
greatly
improved
their
students’
achievement,
such
as
Finland,
Korea,
Singapore,
and
others,
attribute
much
of
their
success
to
their
focused
investments
in
teacher
preparation
and
development.
21
(Create)
a
system
that
can
routinely
hire
and
prepare
teachers
effectively
and
can
support
successful
teaching
is
the
arena(竞技场)
in
which
the
United
States
22
(fall)
behind
the
most.
Although
there
are
some
great
teachers
in
every
community,
the
landscape
of
the
supports
for
quality
teaching
looks
like
Swiss
cheese.
In
some
states,
the
holes
are
smaller,
and
in
others
they
are
bigger.
But
in
no
case
is
there
a
fully
23
(develop)
system
of
instructional
support
even
remotely
comparable
to
that
in
high-achieving
nations.
And
of
course,
as
we
have
seen,
the
system
is
weakest
in
communities
24
students’
needs
are
greatest.
Some
have
argued
that
the
answer
to
weak
teaching
in
the
United
States
is
to
eliminate
“barriers”
to
teaching,
such
as
teacher
education
and
certification
requirements,
allow
anyone
who
wants
to
teach
into
the
classroom,
and
fire
those
who
prove
not
to
be
effective.
Although
the
interest
in
teaching
effectiveness
is
important,
this
approach
does
not
offer
strategy
25
(ensure)
that
teachers
will
have
opportunities
to
gain
the
knowledge
and
skills
they
need
in
order
to
be
effective,
or
that
all
schools
will
have
the
resources
to
attract
and
hire
the
best
teachers.
26
does
it
protect
the
students
in
low-income
schools,
who
will
be
the
victims
of
unprepared
and
inexperienced
teachers
in
the
years
until
these
teachers
have
demonstrated
their
incapability
and
left
the
field.
A
regulation
27
(focus)
on
easy
access
and
easy
firing
ignores
the
question
of
how
to
develop
widespread
teaching
skills
and
ensure
a
strong
supply
of
highly
able
teachers
for
schools.
28
such
supply,
principals
will
be
unable
to
hire
strong
teachers
even
if
they
are
free
to
hire
whomever
they
are
pleased
with,
and,
evidence
shows
that
schools
are
unlikely
to
fire
weak
teachers,
29
they
feel
they
won’t
be
able
to
replace
them.
Even
if
they
do,
there
is
little
guarantee
that
the
quality
of
teaching
30
(improve).
Although
there
are
good
reasons
to
argue
for
stronger
evaluation
practices
for
removing
incapable
teachers
and
for
recognizing
excellent
ones,
a
theory
that
the
major
problems
with
teaching
can
be
solved
by
carrots
and
sticks
alone
leaves
the
development
of
teaching
abilities
to
chance.
答案：
21.Creating
22.
has
fallen
23.developed
24.
where
25.to
ensure
26.
Nor/Neither
27.
focusing/focused
28.
Without
29.
because/since/for/as
30.
will
improve/will
be
improved
语法填空题型分析
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
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2
页）
HYPERLINK
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
◆
有提示词
(一)、提示词为动词
“一定三思”解“动词”
?
命题点1 考查谓语动词
若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。
[示例1]When
fat
and
salt
__________
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.
[解析] are
removed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat
and
salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are
removed。
[示例2]Later,
engineers
____________(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels,
which
became
known
as
the
Tube.
[解析] managed 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空所在句的句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系且从时间状语later和became
known
as
...
可知应用一般过去时，所以应填managed。
?
命题点2 考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。一般来说，v.－ing形式表示主动进行；v.－ed形式表示被动完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
[示例1]This
included
digging
up
the
road,
_________(lay)
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
.the
top.
[解析] laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在的句子中已有谓语动词included，且空处不与included作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。
[示例2]But
unlike
her
school
friends，16?year?old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half?term
_______(rest)．
[解析] resting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在的句子中已有谓语动词is
not
spending，且空处不与其作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。spend
time(in)
doing
sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。
[示例3]Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal_______(create)
special
designs.
[解析] to
create 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在句中已有谓语动词combine，且空处不与combine作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故答案为to
create。
[示例4]A
study
of
travelers
________(conduct)
by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
[解析] conducted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空所在句中已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。
?
(二)、提示词为形容词或副词
“二步思维”破“形、副”
命题点1 考查形容词或副词的比较等级
所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。
[示例1] Even
_________
(bad),
the
amount
of
fast
food
that
people
eat
goes
up.
[解析] worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even
worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
[示例2] The
________(hard)
you
try
to
beat
him，the
more
likely
you
will
get
hit.
[解析] harder 考查固定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故答案为harder。
◆
无提示词
“二步”准填无提示词
命题点1 填代词
无提示词的考查中，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、关系代词以及it的用法。
[示例1]Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
________
is
not
good
for
the
health.
[解析] which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。
[示例2]How
would
you
like
__________
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you?
[解析] it考查代词。it指代if
you
were
watching...asking
you这件事。
命题点2 填介词
如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
[示例1]After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full?time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
____________engineering
or
architecture.
[解析] in考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a
degree
in
engineering
or
architecture工程学或建筑学学位。
[示例2]In
1863
the
first
underground
passenger
railway
in
the
world
opened
in
London.
It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
_________
work.
[解析] from 考查介词。travel
to
and
from
work上下班。故填from。
[示例3]When
the
bus
finally
came，we
all
hurried
on
board.I
got
a
place
next_________
the
window，so
I
had
a
good
view
of
the
sidewalk.
[解析] to 考查固定搭配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语next
to，意为“挨着”。故答案为to。
命题点3 填冠词
如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
[示例1]It
took
three
years
to
complete
and
was
built
using
an
interesting
method.
This
included
digging
up
the
road,
.laying
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
___________
top.
When
all
those
had
been
done,
the
road
surface
was
replaced.
[解析] the 考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。
[示例2]Instead,
she
is
earning
￡6，500
a
day
as
____________
model
in
New
York.
[解析] a 考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6
500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。
?
命题点4 填并列连词
空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等，而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。
[示例1]In
much
of
Asia,
especially
the
so?called
“rice
bowl”
cultures
of
China,
Japan,
Korea,___________Vietnam,
food
is
usually
eaten
with
chopsticks.
[解析] and 考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。
[示例2]But
the
river
wasn’t
changed
in
a
few
days
____________even
a
few
months.
[解析] or 考查并列连词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a
few
days和a
few
months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。
?
命题点5 填从句连词
从句连词是指三大从句的引导词，它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词，首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
[示例1]But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
to
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid?1980s，___________
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
permitted
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
[解析] when 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the
mid－1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。
[示例2]Over
time，____________
the
population
grew,
people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.
[解析] when/as 考查状语从句的引导词。空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着”，应用when/as。
[示例3]I’d
skipped
nearby
Guilin，a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
__________
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
paintings．
[解析] that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句，因为先行词是物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which。
[示例4]I
didn’t
understand
__________
this
would
happen
and
my
credit
card
had
already
been
charged
21.for
the
reservation.
[解析] why 考查宾语从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。
?
命题点6 填助动词或情态动词
有时，我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式，如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等；另外，有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。
[示例1]“This
_____
sound
crazy
but
I
was
on
my
way
to
drop
some
of
my
mother’s
things
off
at
the
charity
bins.
....”
[解析]
might/may
考查情态动词。空格后sound为动词原形，可以判断应填入情态动词；再根据语气，这里是一种可能性的推测，所以填might/may.
[示例2]
Not
until
I
returned
______I
realize
that
a
quiet
town
life
was
the
best
for
me.
[解析]did 考查考查倒装句。由于从句Not
until
I
returned位于句首，且有否定词，因此句子用部分倒装结构，再根据句子的时态---一般过去时，故填助动词did。
命题点7 其他语境填词
无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。
[示例1]So,
get
an
early
start
and
try
to
be
as
productive
__________
possible
before
lunch.
[解析] as 考查固定搭配。as...as
possible为固定搭配，意为“尽可能…”。故答案为as。
[示例2]Oh...，.if
you
don’t
mind，I’ll
stop
and
take
_________
deep
breath．
[解析] a 考查固定搭配。take
a
deep
breath意为“深深地吸一口气”，属于固定搭配。
高考核心词汇精选背诵（G字母）
gain
gossip
gymnasium
gymnastics
gallery
grab
gamble
guard
garage
gradual
gifted
genetic
gender
grand
glorious
glide
generation
grant
giant
gross
generous
grasp
ghost
gaze
genius
grateful
gravity
garment
genuine
gratitude
grief
gloomy
gesture
guarantee
guidance
gang
glance
guilty
govern
geology
高考核心词汇检测
Peter
knew
that
he
was
_________
of
lying.
A.
horrible
B.
guilty
C.
glorious
D.
honest
Do
you
think
this
child
has
a
_________
for
music?
A.
government
B.
gift
C.
grave
D.
goal
The
little
boy
______
at
the
night
sky,
imagining
himself
traveling
in
space
by
spaceship.
A.
glanced
B.
gunned
C.
gazed
D.
granted
His
health
is
_________
improving
under
the
good
care
of
his
wife.
A.
globally
B.
gradually
C.
gently
D.
generally
It
is
generally
believed
that
the
watch
is
________
for
two
years.
guided
B.
guessed
C.
gained
D.
guaranteed
The
old
lady
can't
hope
to
_____
her
cold
in
a
few
days.
get
over
B.
get
off
C.
hold
on
D.
hold
up
He
is
very
________,
for
he
often
buys
things
for
other
people.
A.
grief
B.
graceful
C.
generous
D.
greedy
He
sets
aside
some
time
every
day
to
________
what
he
has
learned.
A.
get
over
B.
go
over
C.
give
out
D.
give
away
She
began
to
run
a
small
_________
store
after
her
graduation
from
university.
A.gymnasium
B.
grocery
C.
garbage
D.
geology
We
are
very
_________
to
our
teacher
for
providing
us
with
many
good
books.
A.
glorious
B.
gross
C.
gloomy
D.
grateful
If
we
____
our
feelings
and
let
them
take
over,
we
can
get
into
trouble.
A.
give
way
to
B.
get
though
C.
get
along/on
with
D.
go
in
for
With
the
experienced______leading
us,
we
had
a
good
time.
A.
gambles
B.
geniuses
C.
guides
D.
helicopters
13.
He
came
back
after
work,
parking
his
car
in
the
__________.
A.
ghosts
B.
gymnastics
C.garage
D.gallery
14.
He
was
delighted
that
the
bank
finally
__________
a
?500
loan
to
me.
granted
B.
giants
C.grabbed
D.glided
15.
There
has
been
much
__________
about
the
possible
reasons
for
his
absence.
gesture
B.
gain
C.gossip
D.gratitude
语法填空专练
A
Have
you
ever
seen
an
old
movie
called
Three
Coins
in
the
Fountain?
It
is
about
three
young
American
women
(21)
_______(search)
for
permanent
romance
in
Rome
and
they
all
find
it.
Far-fetched
Hollywood?
Well,
from
the
world
history
point
of
view,
romance
did,
in
fact,
set
down
its
roots
in
Rome.
The
word
romance
evolved
in
Latin
from
Roma
to
Romanicus
of
the
Roman
language,
to
the
Old
French
romanz
escrive,
(22)
_______
means
“to
write
in
a
Romance
language,”
and
on
to
the
English
romance.
The
Romance
languages
(23)
____________(compose)
of
seven
groups
of
languages
that
all
have
Latin
(24)
______
their
basis.
These
languages
include
French,
Italian,
Spanish
and
Portuguese.
The
common
people
in
ancient
Rome
spoke
(25)________
is
referred
to
as
Vulgar
Latin,
an
informal
speech,
as
opposed
to
the
classical
Latin
of
the
more
educated.
Most
language
experts
agree
that
Vulgar
Latin
is
the
chief
source
of
the
Romance
languages.
Medieval
Romances
were
tales
(26)
__________(write)
primary
in
French
verse
about
brave
heroes.
The
notion
of
having
a
romance
with
another
person
is
thought
(27)
__________(develop)
sometime
during
the
Middle
Ages.
In
the
late
18th
century
and
on
through
the
19th,
a
romance
was
not
a
love
story
(28)
_________
a
work
of
prose
fiction
that
contained
far-fetched,
mysterious
events.
Romances
of
this
period
(29)
_________(include)
English
Gothic
novels
like
The
Castle
of
Otranto
by
Horace
Walpole.
What
exactly
is
a
twentieth-century
romance
?
Does
it
have
any
relationship
with
the
lively,
popular
novels
written
today,
with
their
fantastic
plots
of
love
affairs?
Or
did
the
playwright
Oscar
Wilde
have
it
right
in
The
Picture
of
Dorian
Gray:
“
When
one
is
in
love,
one
always
begins
by
deceiving
(30)
_________,
and
one
always
ends
by
deceiving
others.
That
is
what
the
world
calls
a
romance.”
B
Highly
gifted
children
benefit
from
explanation
as
much
as
their
peers
Schools
tend
to
assume
that
highly
gifted
children
can
manage
by
themselves
and
that
they
do
not
need
any
extra
support
.
As
a
result
,
they
sometimes
seem
(21)_______(forget)
.
Psychologist
Bar
Vogelaar
conducted
a
research
and
discovered
that
a
high
gift
does
not
mean
(22)
_______(perform)
to
the
children’s
maximum
capacity
.
He
finds
out
that
this
group
too
benefit
from
training
and
explanation
and
that
strangely
enough
,
the
benefits
are
the
same
(23)
________both
groups.
In
his
research
,
Vogelaa
made
use
of
dynamic
tests
(动态测试)，
(24)
_______
________children
received
training
and
their
progress
was
measured
afterwards
to
give
a
better
image
of
their
learning
capabilities
,
522
children
aged
between
five
and
ten
years
----173
highly
gifted
and
349
averagely
gifted
-----took
part
in
(25)______
was
so-called
learning
potential
test
;
The
children
(26)_________(assign)
to
solve
analogical
reasoning
（类推）
tasks.
Three
boxes
were
filled
with
figures
that
changed
from
one
box
to
the
next
according
to
a
particular
rule,
for
example
,
in
size
or
in
position
.
The
children
had
to
use
analogical
reasoning
to
draw
(27)_______figure
in
the
last
box.
Afterwards
,
the
children
were
given
a
training
,(28)________(follow)
by
a
further
set
of
tasks
as
a
post-assessment.
Vogelaar:”
This
kind
of
test
gives
a
better
insight
into
how
well
children
learn
because
we
are
able
to
measure
(29)_______
__________
how
much
they
progress
on
a
new
task
,
but
also
how
much
and
what
kind
of
help
they
need
to
achieve
this
progress.”
The
test
showed
that
all
groups
of
children
made
progress
,
from
the
starting
to
the
post-measurement
,
with
major
individual
difference
.
“
it
confirms
that
talented
(30)_______
many
children
are
,
they
benefit
from
teachers’
help
to
a
great
extent
,
and
that
they
don’t
always
show
their
full
potential
in
test.”
Vogelaar
concludes.
C
How
to
Find
Happiness
without
Buying
it?
Our
materialistic
society
has
led
us
to
believe
that
happiness
cannot
be
obtained
without
having
money.
Rather
than
learning
to
be
satisfied
with
what
we
have,
we
___21___
(teach)to
want
more.
We
learn
from
advertising,
and
from
the
media,
__22____
we
need
to
buy
trinkets
and
toys
in
order
to
make
ourselves
happy,
or
__23___
(fulfill)
emotional
needs,
and
that
the
purchases
they
are
trying
to
talk
us
into
will
provide
us
with
the
psychological
comfort
we
are
looking
for.
Unfortunately,
as
a
society
we
have
bought
into
these
___24___
(misguide)messages
and
have
come
to
believe
that
___25__
(spend)
money
on
certain
items
will
bring
us
fame,
fortune,
happiness,
beauty,
or
popularity.
As
a
result,
we
trade
hours
of
our
lives
working,
sacrificing
time
that
__26___
have
been
spent
with
our
families,
___27__
the
pursuit
of
the
almighty
dollar.
Actually,
there
are
a
number
of
ways
to
enjoy
life
without
the
need
for
a
great
deal
of
money.
For
example,
Think
about
__28__
you
would
spend
your
time,
and
what
you
would
do
for
enjoyment.
Change
your
focus
from
material
possessions
to
___29__
that
bring
you
enjoyment,
such
as
spending
quality
time
with
your
family
and
friends.Certainly,
it
is
important
to
work
and
earn
enough
to
provide
for
our
basic
needs
and
the
needs
of
our
families,
but
it
is
important
to
recognize
when
the
desire
for
personal
possessions
becomes
overly
consuming,
__30___
otherwise
will
upset
a
balance
between
a
satisfying
work
life
and
a
rich
home
life.
The
best
way
to
achieve
such
a
balance
is
to
ensure
the
drive
for
material
possessions
does
not
become
all
consuming.
1
Highly
gifted
children
benefit
from
explanation
as
much
as
their
peers
Schools
tend
to
assume
that
highly
gifted
children
can
manage
by
themselves
and
that
they
do
not
need
any
extra
support.
As
a
result,
they
sometimes
seem
(21)
________
(forget).
Psychologist
Bart
Vogelaar
conducted
a
research
and
discovered
that
a
high
gift
does
not
mean
(22)
________
(perform)
to
the
children’s
maximum
capacity.
He
finds
out
that
this
group
too
benefits
from
training
and
explanation
and
that
strangely
enough,
the
benefits
are
the
same
(23)
________
both
groups.
In
his
research,
Vogelaa
made
use
of
dynamic
tests（动态测试）,
(24)
________
________
children
received
training
and
their
progress
was
measured
afterwards
to
give
a
better
image
of
their
learning
capabilities.
522
children
aged
between
five
and
ten
years
--
173
highly
gifted
and
349
averagely
gifted
--
took
part
in
(25)
________
was
so-called
learning
potential
test.
The
children
(26)
________
(assign)
to
solve
analogical
reasoning（类推）tasks.
Three
boxes
were
filled
with
figures
that
changed
from
one
box
to
the
next
according
to
a
particular
rule,
for
example,
in
size
or
in
position.
The
children
had
to
use
analogical
reasoning
to
draw
(27)
________
figure
in
the
last
box.
Afterwards,
the
children
were
given
a
training,
(28)
________
(follow)
by
a
further
set
of
tasks
as
a
post-assessment.
Vogelaar:
“This
kind
of
test
gives
a
better
insight
into
how
well
children
learn
because
we
are
able
to
measure
(29)
________
________
how
much
they
progress
on
a
new
task,
but
also
how
much
and
what
kind
of
help
they
need
to
achieve
this
progress.”
The
test
showed
that
all
groups
of
children
made
progress,
from
the
starting
to
the
post-measurement,
with
major
individual
differences.
“It
confirms
that
talented
(30)
________
many
children
are,
they
benefit
from
teachers’
help
to
a
great
extent,
and
that
they
don't
always
show
their
full
potential
in
tests.”
Vogelaar
concludes.
2
Have
you
ever
seen
an
old
movie
called
Three
Coins
in
the
Fountain?
It
is
about
three
young
American
women
(21)
(search)
for
permanent
romance
in
Rome
and
they
all
find
it.
Far-fetched
Hollywood?
Well,
from
the
world
history
point
of
view,
romance
did,
in
fact,
set
down
its
roots
in
Rome.
The
word
romance
evolved
in
Latin
from
Roma
to
Romanicus
of
the
Roman
language,
to
the
Old
French
romanz
escrive,
(22)
means
“to
write
in
a
Romance
language,”
and
on
to
the
English
romance.
The
Romance
languages
(23)
(compose)
of
seven
groups
of
languages
that
all
have
Latin
(24)
their
basis.
These
languages
include
French,
Italian,
Spanish
and
Portuguese.
The
common
people
in
ancient
Rome
spoke
(25)
is
referred
to
as
Vulgar
Latin,
an
informal
speech,
as
opposed
to
the
classical
Latin
of
the
more
educated.
Most
language
experts
agree
that
Vulgar
Latin
is
the
chief
source
of
the
Romance
languages.
Medieval
Romances
were
tales
(26)
(write)
primary
in
French
verse
about
brave
heroes.
The
notion
of
having
a
romance
with
another
person
is
thought
(27)
(develop)
sometime
during
the
Middle
Ages.
In
the
late
8th
century
and
on
through
the
19th,
a
romance
was
not
a
love
story
(28)
a
work
of
prose
fiction
that
contained
far-fetched,
mysterious
events.
Romances
of
this
period
(29)
(include)
English
Gothic
novels
like
The
Castle
of
Otranto
by
Horace
Walpole.
What
exactly
is
a
twentieth-century
romance?
Does
it
have
any
relationship
with
the
lively,
popular
novels
written
today,
with
their
fantastic
plots
of
love
affairs?
Or
did
the
playwright
Oscar
Wilde
have
it
right
in
The
Picture
of
Dorian
Gray:”When
one
is
in
love,
one
always
begins
by
deceiving
(30)
and
one
always
ends
by
deceiving
others.
That
is
what
the
world
calls
a
romance.”
3
From
classics
to
movies
He
can
recite
Shakespeare’s
Hamlet
from
memory.
His
favorite
ancient
myth
is
The
Odyssey.
Tom
Hiddleston,
32,
could
have
been
a
popular
professor
teaching
English
Literature
at
(21)
________
university,
but
the
well-educated
British
man
chose
to
do
something
that
he
loves
even
more,
acting.
He's
well-known
around
the
world
as
the
villain
Loki
from
the
Hollywood
films
Thor
(2011),
The
Avengers
(2012)
and
now
Thor:
The
Dark
World,
which
will
come
out
in
China
on
Nov
8.
Hiddleston’s
role
as
Thor’s
evil
brother
has
led
his
fans
—
“Hiddlestoners”
—
(22)______(refer)
to
him
as
“the
most
charming
villain”
in
cinema.
(23)________
his
charm,
Hiddleston
had
a
tough
time
(24)
________
(persuade)
his
scientist
father
that
acting
was
a
worthwhile
job.
As
a
student
at
Eton,
a
private
school
for
upper-class
kids
in
England,
Hiddleston
performed
in
a
lot
of
school
plays.
At
18,
he
appeared
on
stage
at
the
Edinburgh
International
Festival.
“It
was
the
first
time
that
people
I
knew
and
loved
and
respected
came
up
to
me
after
the
show
and
said:
‘You
could
really
do
this
(25)
________
you
wanted
to’,”
Hiddleston
told
the
Daily
Mail.
He
said
that
as
a
teenager
he
didn't
have
much
self-esteem,
but
acting
gave
him
confidence.
“It
was
when
they
started
saying
I
could
do
it
(26)
_______I
really
committed
to
it
as
a
possibility,”
he
continued.
However,
his
father
did
not
approve,
believing
his
polite
and
bright
son
should
be
using
his
brains
for
(27
________else.
“You’ve
been
educated,
so
why
do
you
want
to
spend
your
life
pretending
to
be
someone
else
when
you
could
be
your
own
man?”
the
father
told
the
son.
So,
instead
of
going
to
drama
school,
Hiddleston
went
to
Cambridge,
(28)
_______he
studied
classics.
There,
he
continued
to
appear
in
student
plays
and
even
landed
some
roles
on
TV
and
in
local
theaters.
He
managed
to
balance
his
acting
and
his
studies
so
well
that
he
(29)
______
(graduate)
with
a
first-class
degree.
But
Hiddleston’s
international
breakthrough
came
when
he
auditioned
for
the
2011
film
Thor.
He
was
desperate
to
play
the
title
superhero,
but
the
director
decided
that
he
was
(30)
______(suitable)
for
the
part
of
the
villain,
Loki.
In
the
end,
his
dark
and
powerful
performance
won
over
his
father.
It
also
earned
him
some
important
fans
in
the
film
industry:
Steven
Spielberg
and
Woody
Allen.
The
two
world-famous
directors
asked
him
to
star
in
their
award-winning
films
War
Horse
(2011)
and
Midnight
in
Paris
(2011),
respectively.
4
Jim
Thompson
Jim
Thompson’s
life
story
is
one
of
success,
achievement,
and
finally
mystery
because
no
one
knows
how
it
ended.
Thompson
was
born
in
Delaware(21)_____
the
east
coast
of
the
United
States
in
1906.
After
finishing
high
school,
Thompson
went
to
Princeton
University
and
later
studied
architecture
at
the
University
of
Pennsylvania.
After
graduation,
Jim
Thompson
worked
as
an
architect
in
New
York
City
until
1940.
Not
long
after
this,
he
volunteered(22)______
(serve)in
the
U.S.
Army.
During
World
War
II,
Thompson
gathered
intelligence
for
the
army
in
Thailand.
It
was
this
first
taste
of
life
in
the
Far
East(23)______
changed
Thompson’s
life.
He
saw
opportunities
to
develop
tourism
there,
becoming(24)______
(involve)in
an
ambitious
scheme
to
restore
the
Oriental
Hotel.
While
the
hotel
plan
fell
through,
by
that
time
Thompson
had
hit
upon
another
scheme
that
would
eventually
make
him
a
millionaire.
While
traveling
around
Thailand,
he
came
across(25)____
he
considered
exquisite(精美的)samples
of
handwoven
Thai
silk,
a
product
that(26)_____(become)rare.
He
persuaded
the
weavers
to
work
with
him
and
marketed
the
silk
in
New
York,
(27)______
it
became
very
popular.
As
a
consequence,
the
Thai
silk
industry
was
revived(复兴)and
the
business
made
Thompson
and
some
of
the
weavers
very
wealthy.
With
his
success
in
the
silk
business,
Jim
Thompson
continued
his
original
interest
in
architecture
on
the
side.
He
found
six
traditional
Thai
houses
and
had(28)_____
brought
to
Bangkok
and
reassembled
there
as
one
magnificent
house.
Today,
not
only
is
it
a
beautiful
house
inside
and
out,
(29)______
it
is
also
filled
with
the
works
of
art
Thompson
collected.
In
1967
during
a
holiday
in
Malaysia,
he
went
for
a
walk
in
the
Jungle
and
disappeared
forever.
To
this
day,
no
clues(30)____(find)as
to
what
happened
to
this
wealthy
American
businessman
who
is
credited
with
single-handedly
reviving
the
Thai
silk
industry.
5
Wildlife
secrets
of
Nigeria's
last
wilderness
Researchers
from
C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hester
Zoo,
working
with
the
Nigeria
National
Park
Service,
surveyed
over
1,000
square
kilometres
of
the
national
park.
Known
（21）____
its
mountain
rainforests,
savannah
woodlands
and
rolling
grasslands,
it
is
home
to
some
of
West
Africa's
most
endangered
animals.
The
cameras
（22）___
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)_
(spot)
some
animals
that
have
never
been
recorded
before
in
the
area
and
others,
like
chimps,
（23）____
are
rarely
seen.
Stuart
Nixon,
the
Africa
Field
Programme
Co-ordinator
at
Chester
Zoo,
said
confirmation
of
the
locations
of
chimps
was
an
important
discovery."
Gashaka's
been
regarded
for
many
years
as
（24）____
(have)the
biggest
population
of
this
Nigeria-Cameroon
chimp,
which
is
the
rarest
chimp
subspecies,"
he
said."
We
consider
it
the
most
important
population
-
that's
really
（25）____
we
need
to
count
it
and
see
what
the
status
of
the
chimp
is
right
now
-
that
will
ultimately
affect
what
we
know
about
this
subspecies
elsewhere."
The
chimp
（26）_
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)___
(endanger)
across
its
range
in
Cameroon
and
Nigeria.
Its
total
population
is
down
to
fewer
than
9,000
individuals,
of
which
about
1,000
are
thought
（27）____(live)to
live
within
the
borders
of
the
national
park.
"It's
an
incredible
tool
to
use
these
camera
traps
and
to
reveal
that
this
park
-
which
is
a
（28）____(forget)forgotten
wilderness,
really,
for
Nigeria
-
still
has
a
really
important
reservoir
of
important
species
for
Nigeria
and
Africa
in
general,"
said
Stuart
Nixon.
Chester
Zoo
is
fund
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
guards
for
the
rangers
and
providing
training
in
wildlife
monitoring
and
protection.
"This
work
is
helping
us
learn
more
about
the
secrets
of
one
of
our
last
wilderness
areas
and
we
must
continue
to
work
together
to
ensure
（29）____
survival
for
future
generations.
"（30）____
all
this
beauty
were
lost
it
would
be
a
terrible
tragedy
for
all."
6
How
to
deal
with
Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?
There
are
always
some
people
radiating
negativity
in
the
work
place.
For
them,
the
temperature
is
never
right,
the
boss
is
always
a
fool,
the
canteen
food
is
awful,
and
they
(21)
______
(treat)
unfairly.
Career
experts
say
such
habitual
complainers
are
highly
contagious(会蔓延的)
,
(22)
______
attitude
can
easily
affect
an
entire
team
in
a
company.
“While
some
complaints
might
be
reasonable,
(23)
______
are
taken
from
thin
air.
You
need
to
see
between
these
different
types
and
adopt
the
right
strategy
towards
each,”
said
Li
Ming,
HR
manager
at
Wal-Mart
(China).
It
is
especially
hard
to
deal
with
complaints
at
work
(24)
______
you
can’t
just
walk
away
or
put
your
colleagues’
words
out
of
mind.
If
you
do,
it
will
hurt
your
co-workers
and
you
might
be
isolated.
In
a
team-based
company
you
belong
to
a
group
and
need
to
behave
accordingly.
But
don’t
show
too
much
sympathy.
Listening
passively
to
others’
complaints
could
damage
your
image
and
give
others
the
impression
(25)
______
you
agree
with
them.
“Listen
to
the
whiners
actively,”
said
HR
Li.
“Help
them
find
a
solution,
or
see
(26)
______
there
are
ways
to
improve
the
situation.”
Zhai
Min,
24,
a
software
engineer
at
Kingdee
International
Software
Group
in
Shenzhen,
found
that
3
elderly
workers
liked
to
complain
about
everything,
from
(27)
______
(extend)
working
hours
to
cheap
hotels
on
business
trips.
“I
let
them
talk
about
their
opinions,”
she
said,
“They
feel
better
when
(28)
______
(tell)
someone
how
they
want
things
to
be.”
But
listening
actively
is
far
from
enough.
Wang
Dianxue,
27,
is
an
Internet
engineer
at
Beijing
Push
Marcom
Group.
His
co-workers
always
complain
that
their
computer
systems
are
not
working
properly.
“I
ask
about
the
specifics
and
work
together
with
them
(29)
______
(fix)
everything
technically.”
he
said.
HR
managers
believe
that
when
staffs
complain,
it
is
more
a
matter
of
recognition
than
an
actual
problem.
“The
real
problem
is
that
the
whiners
don’t
feel
they
are
being
taken
seriously,”
said
Xu
Jun,
HR
manager
at
Guangqi
Honda
Automobile
Co.,
Ltd.
“(30)
______
(give)
them
advice
or
perspectives
attentively
and
the
problem
will
usually
disappear.”
7
Developing
Competent
Teaching
Nations
that
have
greatly
improved
their
students’
achievement,
such
as
Finland,
Korea,
Singapore,
and
others,
attribute
much
of
their
success
to
their
focused
investments
in
teacher
preparation
and
development.
21
(Create)
a
system
that
can
routinely
hire
and
prepare
teachers
effectively
and
can
support
successful
teaching
is
the
arena(竞技场)
in
which
the
United
States
22
(fall)
behind
the
most.
Although
there
are
some
great
teachers
in
every
community,
the
landscape
of
the
supports
for
quality
teaching
looks
like
Swiss
cheese.
In
some
states,
the
holes
are
smaller,
and
in
others
they
are
bigger.
But
in
no
case
is
there
a
fully
23
(develop)
system
of
instructional
support
even
remotely
comparable
to
that
in
high-achieving
nations.
And
of
course,
as
we
have
seen,
the
system
is
weakest
in
communities
24
students’
needs
are
greatest.
Some
have
argued
that
the
answer
to
weak
teaching
in
the
United
States
is
to
eliminate
“barriers”
to
teaching,
such
as
teacher
education
and
certification
requirements,
allow
anyone
who
wants
to
teach
into
the
classroom,
and
fire
those
who
prove
not
to
be
effective.
Although
the
interest
in
teaching
effectiveness
is
important,
this
approach
does
not
offer
strategy
25
(ensure)
that
teachers
will
have
opportunities
to
gain
the
knowledge
and
skills
they
need
in
order
to
be
effective,
or
that
all
schools
will
have
the
resources
to
attract
and
hire
the
best
teachers.
26
does
it
protect
the
students
in
low-income
schools,
who
will
be
the
victims
of
unprepared
and
inexperienced
teachers
in
the
years
until
these
teachers
have
demonstrated
their
incapability
and
left
the
field.
A
regulation
27
(focus)
on
easy
access
and
easy
firing
ignores
the
question
of
how
to
develop
widespread
teaching
skills
and
ensure
a
strong
supply
of
highly
able
teachers
for
schools.
28
such
supply,
principals
will
be
unable
to
hire
strong
teachers
even
if
they
are
free
to
hire
whomever
they
are
pleased
with,
and,
evidence
shows
that
schools
are
unlikely
to
fire
weak
teachers,
29
they
feel
they
won’t
be
able
to
replace
them.
Even
if
they
do,
there
is
little
guarantee
that
the
quality
of
teaching
30
(improve).
Although
there
are
good
reasons
to
argue
for
stronger
evaluation
practices
for
removing
incapable
teachers
and
for
recognizing
excellent
ones,
a
theory
that
the
major
problems
with
teaching
can
be
solved
by
carrots
and
sticks
alone
leaves
the
development
of
teaching
abilities
to
chance.
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