中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
非谓语动词
(一)、非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to
be
doing
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生
现在分词/动名词
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
Many
Chinese
brands,having
developed
their
reputations
over
centuries,are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There
are
still
many
problems
to
be
solved
before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题仍需要解决。
(二)、非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly
a
good
idea
occurred
to
her,but
she
couldn't
find
any
paper
to
write
on.
突然她想到了一个好主意,但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词,形容词最高级,the
last,the
only
等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
He
is
always
the
first
to
arrive
at
the
school
and
the
last
to
leave
the
school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见名词:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way
等。
And
the
best
way
to
strengthen
willpower
is
to
make
it
into
a
habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The
ability
to
express
an
idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
(4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,作定语的不定式使用主动式;当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时,不定式使用被动式。
Have
you
got
anything
to
buy?
你有什么东西要买吗?(you是buy的执行者)
I
want
to
go
to
Beijing.
Do
you
have
anything
to
be
bought?
我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗?(you不是buy的执行者)
2.分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用现在分词;当被修饰名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时,用“being+过去分词”;当被修饰名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表被动。
To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
conducted
in
Australia
in
2012.
为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
Last
night,there
were
millions
of
people
watching
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
昨天晚上,有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
[名师点津]
非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done);表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing);表示被动、进行用being
done;表示主动、尚未进行用to
do;表示被动的动作尚未进行用to
be
done。试比较:
①The
bridge
built
recently
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
②Today
there
are
more
airplanes
carrying
more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
③The
bridge
being
built
now
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
④The
question
to
be
discussed
at
tomorrow's
meeting
is
very
important.
(三)、非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语,可用so
as
to/
in
order
to替换,但
so
as
to一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。
To
make
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
为了便于联系我们,你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
(2)作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:only
to
do;enough
to
do(足够做……);too...to
do...(太……而不能……);so/such...as
to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom
took
a
taxi
to
the
airport,only
to
find
his
plane
high
up
in
the
sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to
do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed
等。
We
were
astonished
to
find
the
temple
still
in
its
original
condition.
令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
易错警示
语法填空和短文改错中常考查
“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词;若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
2.分词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Ordered
over
a
week
ago,the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。
Like
ancient
sailors,birds
can
find
their
way
using
the
sun
and
the
stars.
像古代的船员一样,鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
[注意] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:located
(坐落于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried
in(沉溺于),dressed
in(穿着),tired
of(厌烦的),faced
with(面对着)。
Absorbed
in
painting,John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching.
由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3.独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally
speaking一般来说;frankly
speaking坦白地说;judging
from/by...根据……来判断;considering.../taking...into
consideration考虑到……;to
tell
you
the
truth说实话;compared
to/with与……相比。
Judging
from
his
accent,he
is
from
Hong
Kong.
从口音判断,他是香港人。
To
tell
you
the
truth,I
am
a
little
tired.
说实话,我有点累。
4.独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构(The
Nominative
Absolute
Construction)。
独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。
独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+名词;②名词/代词+不定式;③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。
The
test
finished(=When
the
test
was
finished),we
began
our
holiday.
考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。
The
president
assassinated(=Because
the
president
was
assassinated),the
whole
country
was
in
deep
sorrow.
总统被暗杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
(四)、非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail
(未能),pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen
(碰巧)等。
She
seated
herself
at
a
small
table
in
the
restaurant,waiting
to
be
served.
她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。
2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语:admit,avoid,consider,escape(避开),imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel
like,give
up,put
off,object
to,look
forward
to等。此外,have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.;have
fun
(in)
doing
sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。
I
avoided
mentioning
the
subject
in
case
he
should
be
offended.
我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他。
It's
quite
hot
today.Do
you
feel
like
going
for
a
swim?
今天很热。你想去游泳吗?
3.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词:
I
remembered
to
lock
the
door
before
I
left
the
office,but
forgot
to
turn
off
the
lights.
我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。
—That
would
mean
wasting
a
lot
of
labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
—Really?I
don't
mean
to
waste
any
labour.
——是吗?我并没打算浪费劳动力。
Was
she
worried
about
how
I
would
react
or
that
I
would
stop
buying
the
groceries
if
I
found
out?
她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢?
易错警示
(1)动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.?ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,find
out
等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who
等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.?ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
(五)、非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,call
on,depend
on等。
If
we
expect
people
to
give
up
the
habit
of
driving,we
must
give
them
an
alternative
they
can
rely
on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having
finished
her
project,she
was
invited
by
the
school
to
speak
to
the
new
students.
完成项目之后,她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词,如think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,understand等后常用to
be作宾补或主补。
Chinese
people
are
considered
to
be
the
most
hard?working
people
in
the
world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb.be
said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to
do/to
have
done结构中,不定式用作主语补足语。
He
is
thought
to
have
acted
foolishly.Now
he
has
no
one
but
himself
to
blame
for
losing
the
job.
大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人,而是他自己。
2.分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help?听!你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗?
(2)过去分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。
Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa,Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
good
care
of
at
home.
李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。
(3)使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:①have
sth.done=get
sth.done让别人做某事;②have
sb./sth.doing让……一直做某事;get
sth./sb.doing
使……开始做某事;③have
sb.do
sth.=get
sb.to
do
sth.让某人做某事。
Before
driving
into
the
city,you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed.
在开车进城之前,你需要洗洗车。
(4)with的复合结构为:①with+宾语+doing表示主动说明动作正在发生或经常发生;②with+宾语+done表示被动或完成;③with+宾语+to
do表示将要发生的动作。
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With
such
a
short
time
left
before
the
deadline,it
doesn't
seem
likely
that
John
will
finish
the
job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间,约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,she
wasn't
allowed
to
leave
her
office.
由于有许多工作要做,她不被允许离开办公室。
(六)、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时,一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长,常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
No
matter
how
bright
a
talker
you
are,there
are
times
when
it's
better
to
remain
silent.
不论你多么能说会道,有些时候保持沉默会更好。
(2)不定式作表语时,①表示预定要发生的动作;②当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时,常用不定式作表语;③主语为what引导的名词性从句时,表语多用不定式。
His
wish
is
to
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What
I
want
to
do
most
in
senior
high
is
(to)
improve
my
English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2.动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型:It's
a
waste
of
time
doing...;It's
no
use/good
doing...;It
is
useless
doing...,There
is
no
doing...等中。
Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
things
out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们,是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My
job
is
cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week(=Cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week
is
my
job).我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作连系动词时,意为“仍然是”时,后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语;但作不及物动词时,意为“尚待……;留待……”时,后常接to
be
done。
She
remained
standing
though
we
repeatedly
asked
her
to
sit
down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。
It
remains
to
be
seen
whether
the
newly?formed
committee's
policy
can
be
put
into
practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
不定式和动名词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数,这是短文改错中常考的语法点。
(七)、非谓语动词与语法填空
1.对非谓语动词类考题,解题时首先要通过句子结构判断所给提示词是否要用其非谓语动词。再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词,如:作主语、宾语用动名词或不定式;作目的状语常用不定式,作伴随状语常用现在分词等。
2.确定要用非谓语动词后,再根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系、动作发生的时间以及句意,判断出该使用何种非谓语动词形式。
高考高频词汇精选背诵(Q/R字母)
qualify
reasonable
respond
reluctant
quality
rebel
register
remark
quantity
royal
regulate
remarkable
quarrel
receipt
reject
resemble
queue
routine
release
remote
quit
recommend
relevant
represent
random
recreate
reliable
reputation
range
refer
respectively
restrict
rank
reflect
relieve
rescue
react
ridiculous
reverse
reserve
单句语法填空(注意非谓语动词用法)
1.I
want
this
precious
opportunity
very
much
_______
(improve)
my
organizational
ability.
2.Imagine
________
(climb)
up
to
the
80th
floor
of
your
office
building
without
an
elevator.
3.Nearly
all
the
people
__________
(interview)
believe
confidence
is
the
key
to
success.
4.The
problems____________
(discuss)
at
the
meeting
tomorrow
are
really
hard
to
solve(solve).
5._______
(remind)
myself
of
the
past
pleasant
days,I
have
some
related
photos
pinned
beside
my
desk.
6.The
student
____(absorb)
in
the
games
on
the
smartphone
during
class
did
not
notice
his
teacher
behind
him.
7.In
the
beauty
competition,women
are
asked
________
(perform)
some
of
the
exercises
to
the
music.
8.China
has
strengthened
security
checks
of
government
websites,
________
(hope)
to
clean
up
those
that
are
not
up
to
standard
by
the
end
of
2017.
9.__________
(wait)
for
the
bus
for
thirty
minutes,he
lost
his
patience
and
felt
very
anxious.
10.The
volunteers
are
reminded
of
taking
everything
_________
(belong)
to
them
before
leaving
the
hotel.
参考答案:
1.to
improve
2.
climbing
3.
interviewed
4.
to
be
discussed
5.
To
remind
absorbed
7.
to
perform
8.
hoping
9.
Having
waited
10.
belonging
高考核心词汇检测
He
likes
to
_______
proverbs
in
his
compositions.
A.
quote
B.
quit
C.
quake
D.
quarrel
You'd
better
give
us
a
________
idea
of
your
price.
tough
B.
rough
C.
ridiculous
D.
regular
This
is
a
village_______
from
the
madding
crowd.
realistic
B.
romantic
C.
remote
D.
rural
They
________
each
other
in
shape
but
not
in
color.
A.
resemble
B.
rescue
C.
restore
D.
assemble
A
healthy
diet
creates
a
body
____________to
disease.
relevant
B.
reasonable
C.
reluctant
D.
resistant
____not
to
miss
the
flight
at
15:20,
the
manager
set
out
for
the
airport
in
a
hurry.
Restricted
B.
Reminded
C.
Responded
D.
Related
John
is
very
____if
he
promises
to
do
something
he’ll
do
it.
independent
B.
confident
C.
reliable
D.
flexible
I
promise
never
to
______________
his
secret.
reveal
B.
remark
C.
register
D.
resolve
China
has
got
a
good
____
for
fighting
against
the
flu
with
its
careful
and
smooth
organization.
A.
reputation
B.
influence
C.
impression
D.
knowledge
Don’t
worry
if
you
don’t
understand
everything.
The
teacher
will
______the
main
points
at
the
end.
A.
recover
B.
review
C.
require
D.
remember
She
_________
the
instructions
so
that
the
children
could
understand
them.
A.
sought
B.
shaved
C.
shrank
D.
simplified
The
__________
side
of
the
coin
was
stamped
with
an
eagle.
routine
B.
rotten
C.
reverse
D.
restless
Will
you
____________
some
scenic
sports
to
see
here
?
A.
recommend
B.
resist
C.
risk
D.
reduce
The
CEO
has
decided
to
halt
all
production
and
______
the
remaining
500
employees.
A.
reflect
B.
design
C.
release
D.
resign
When
I
first
learned
to
cook,
I
used
_______
and
turned
out
some
tasty
dishes.
A.
ranges
B.
recipes
C.
refreshments
D.
references
参考答案:
1~5
ABCAD
6~10
BCAAB
11~15.
DCADB
Translation
(注意使用非谓语动词)
1.公园里有很多人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心。
2.路遥写的书为很多青少年所喜欢。
3.他提醒我别忘了明天的会议。
4.为了通过考试,他经常努力学习到深夜。
5.尽管已经告诉他这个答案几次了,但我不知道他是否能理解。
答案:(only
for
reference)
The
park
was
full
of
people,enjoying
themselves
in
the
sunshine.
The
books,written
by
Lu
Yao,are
popular
with
many
teenagers.
He
reminded
me
not
to
forget
the
meeting
tomorrow.
To/In
order
to
pass
the
exam,he
often
worked
hard
deep
into
the
night.
Having
told
him
the
answer
several
times,I
didn't
know
whether
he
could
understand.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
All
over
the
world,
people
admire
the
beauty
and
grace
of
butterflies.
Butterflies
come
in
every
color
imaginable,
and
their
50
display
an
incredible
variety
of
patterns.
The
largest
butterfly,
Queen
Alexandra’s
Birdwing,
has
a
wingspan
(翼展)
of
up
to
280
millimeters
and
lives
in
Papua
New
Guinea.
The
smallest,
the
Western
Pygmy
Blue
in
the
southern
U.S.,
has
a
wingspan
of
only
12
millimeters.
Sadly,
some
of
these
beautiful
creatures
are
now
51
.
Estimates
indicate
that
between
15
and
20
thousand
species
of
butterflies
exist
around
the
world.
A
number
of
these
species
are
endangered,
over
20
in
Japan
52
.
Although
that
number
may
seem
small,
losing
even
one
species
would
be
53
.
Nowadays
scientists
even
look
to
butterflies
as
a
54
of
the
environment’s
health,
since
they
are
55
to
environmental
changes.
Many
environmentalists
around
the
world
are
eager
to
protect
the
endangered
butterflies
from
extinction.
The
American
Museum
of
Natural
History
in
New
York,
for
example,
has
an
unusual
butterfly
exhibit.
This
exhibit
56
the
important
role
that
butterflies
play
in
our
environment.
In
recent
years,
environmental
groups
have
made
significant
progress
in
57
endangered
butterfly
populations.
Governments
throughout
Asia
have
passed
laws
to
help
protect
endangered
wildlife,
including
butterflies.
An
area
called
Butterfly
Valley
in
Assam,
India,
has
become
the
focus
of
conscious
58
to
protect
the
butterflies’
habitat
(栖息地).
Other
projects
in
Serbia,
Japan,
and
Canada
are
also
hoping
to
59
.
Some
of
these
efforts
are
already
starting
to
work.
The
population
of
the
El
Segundo
Blue
Butterfly
in
California,
for
instance,
has
increased
by
8
percent
since
2010.
Finding
a
cure
for
the
butterfly
crisis
is,
60
,
not
just
for
environmental
groups.
61
citizens
can
plant
butterfly
gardens
to
support
and
enjoy
these
gentle
creatures.
A
group
of
female
prisoners
in
Belfair,
Washington,
are
helping
to
rescue
an
endangered
species
called
Taylor’s
Checkerspot.
They
recognize
how
62
seemingly
insignificant
creatures
can
be.
The
world
cannot
afford
to
lose
any
butterflies.
As
environmentalist
John
Muir
once
63
,
“When
we
try
to
pick
out
anything
by
itself,
we
find
it
64
to
everything
else
in
the
Universe.”
50.
A.
colors
B.
bodies
C.
wings
D.
feelers
51.
A.
out
of
control
B.
in
great
danger
C.
on
the
fly
D.
out
of
date
52.
A.
nearby
B.
though
C.
besides
D.
alone
53.
A.
predictable
B.
possible
C.
imaginable
D.
terrible
54.
A.
factor
B.
picture
C.
measure
D.
display
55.
A.
exposed
B.
accustomed
C.
sensitive
D.
resistant
56.
A.
highlights
B.
changes
C.
replaces
D.
finds
57.
A.
preserving
B.
controlling
C.
observing
D.
recognizing
58.
A.
projects
B.
efforts
C.
steps
D.
groups
59.
A.
set
an
example
B.
keep
the
promise
C.
make
a
difference
D.
take
the
time
60.
A.
however
B.
furthermore
C.
otherwise
D.
therefore
61.
A.
Distinguished
B.
Leading
C.
Senior
D.
Ordinary
62.
A.
graceful
B.
significant
C.
pitiful
D.
mysterious
63.
A.
proposed
B.
commented
C.
promised
D.
recommended
64.
A.
restricted
B.
adapted
C.
contributed
D.
tied
50~54
CBDDC
55~59
CAABC
60~64
ADBBD
SectionB
Directions:
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
The
elephant
was
lying
heavily
on
its
side,
fast
asleep.
A
few
dogs
started
barking
at
it.
The
elephant
woke
up
in
a
terrible
anger:
it
chased
the
dogs
into
the
village
where
they
ran
for
safety.
That
didn't
stop
the
elephant.
It
destroyed
a
dozen
houses
and
injured
several
people.
The
villagers
were
scared
and
angry.
Then
someone
suggested
calling
Parbati,
the
elephant
princess.
Parbati
Barua's
father
was
a
hunter
of
tigers
and
an
elephant
tamer.
He
taught
Parbati
to
ride
an
elephant
before
she
could
even
walk.
He
also
taught
her
the
dangerous
art
of
the
elephant
round-up
--
how
to
catch
wild
elephants.
Parbati
hasn't
always
lived
in
the
jungle.
After
a
happy
childhood
hunting
with
her
father,
she
was
sent
to
boarding
school
in
the
city.
But
Parbati
never
got
used
to
being
there
and
many
years
later
she
went
back
to
her
old
life.
"Life
in
the
city
is
too
dull.
Catching
elephants
is
an
adventure
and
the
excitement
lasts
for
days
after
the
chase,"
she
says.
But
Parbati
doesn't
catch
elephants
just
for
fun.
"My
work,"
she
says,
"is
to
rescue
man
from
the
elephants,
and
to
keep
the
elephants
safe
from
man."
And
this
is
exactly
what
Parbati
has
been
doing
for
many
years.
Increasingly,
the
Indian
elephant
is
angry:
for
many
years,
illegal
hunters
have
attacked
it
and
its
home
in
the
jungle
has
been
reduced
to
small
pieces
of
land.
It
is
now
fighting
back.
Whenever
wild
elephants
enter
a
tea
garden
or
a
village,
Parbati
is
called
to
guide
the
animals
back
to
the
jungle
before
they
can
kill.
The
work
of
an
elephant
tamer
also
involves
love
and
devotion.
A
good
elephant
tamer
will
spend
hours
a
day
singing
love
songs
to
a
newly
captured
elephant.
"Eventually
they
grow
to
love
their
tamers
and
never
forget
them.
They
are
also
more
loyal
than
humans,"
she
said,
as
she
climbed
up
one
of
her
elephants
and
sat
on
the
giant,
happy
animal.
An
elephant
princess
indeed!
65.
For
Parbati,
catching
elephants
is
mainly
to
_________
.
A.
get
long
lasting
excitement
B.
keep
both
man
and
elephants
safe
C.
send
them
back
to
the
jungle
D.
make
the
angry
elephants
tame
66.
Before
Parbati
studied
in
a
boarding
school,
__________.
A.
she
spent
her
time
hunting
with
her
father
B.
she
learned
how
to
sing
love
songs
C.
she
had
already
been
called
an
elephant
princess
D.
she
was
taught
how
to
hunt
tigers
67.
Indian
elephants
are
getting
increasingly
angry
and
they
revenge
because
__________.
A.
they
are
caught
and
sent
for
heavy
work
B.
illegal
hunters
capture
them
and
kill
them
C.
they
are
attacked
and
their
land
gets
limited
D.
dogs
often
bark
at
them
and
chase
them
68.
The
passage
starts
with
an
elephant
story
in
order
to
explain
that
in
India
_________.
A.
people
easily
fall
victim
to
elephants'
attacks
B.
the
man-elephant
relationship
is
getting
worse
C.
elephant
tamers
are
in
short
supply
D.
dogs
are
as
powerful
as
elephants
65~68
BACB
非谓语动词综合复习
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
非谓语动词
(一)、非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to
be
doing
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生
现在分词/动名词
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
Many
Chinese
brands,having
developed
their
reputations
over
centuries,are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There
are
still
many
problems
to
be
solved
before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题仍需要解决。
(二)、非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly
a
good
idea
occurred
to
her,but
she
couldn't
find
any
paper
to
write
on.
突然她想到了一个好主意,但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词,形容词最高级,the
last,the
only
等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
He
is
always
the
first
to
arrive
at
the
school
and
the
last
to
leave
the
school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见名词:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way
等。
And
the
best
way
to
strengthen
willpower
is
to
make
it
into
a
habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The
ability
to
express
an
idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
(4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,作定语的不定式使用主动式;当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时,不定式使用被动式。
Have
you
got
anything
to
buy?
你有什么东西要买吗?(you是buy的执行者)
I
want
to
go
to
Beijing.
Do
you
have
anything
to
be
bought?
我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗?(you不是buy的执行者)
2.分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用现在分词;当被修饰名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时,用“being+过去分词”;当被修饰名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表被动。
To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
conducted
in
Australia
in
2012.
为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
Last
night,there
were
millions
of
people
watching
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
昨天晚上,有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
[名师点津]
非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done);表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing);表示被动、进行用being
done;表示主动、尚未进行用to
do;表示被动的动作尚未进行用to
be
done。试比较:
①The
bridge
built
recently
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
②Today
there
are
more
airplanes
carrying
more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
③The
bridge
being
built
now
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
④The
question
to
be
discussed
at
tomorrow's
meeting
is
very
important.
(三)、非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语,可用so
as
to/
in
order
to替换,但
so
as
to一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。
To
make
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
为了便于联系我们,你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
(2)作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:only
to
do;enough
to
do(足够做……);too...to
do...(太……而不能……);so/such...as
to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom
took
a
taxi
to
the
airport,only
to
find
his
plane
high
up
in
the
sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to
do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed
等。
We
were
astonished
to
find
the
temple
still
in
its
original
condition.
令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
易错警示
语法填空和短文改错中常考查
“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词;若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
2.分词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Ordered
over
a
week
ago,the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。
Like
ancient
sailors,birds
can
find
their
way
using
the
sun
and
the
stars.
像古代的船员一样,鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
[注意] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:located
(坐落于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried
in(沉溺于),dressed
in(穿着),tired
of(厌烦的),faced
with(面对着)。
Absorbed
in
painting,John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching.
由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3.独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally
speaking一般来说;frankly
speaking坦白地说;judging
from/by...根据……来判断;considering.../taking...into
consideration考虑到……;to
tell
you
the
truth说实话;compared
to/with与……相比。
Judging
from
his
accent,he
is
from
Hong
Kong.
从口音判断,他是香港人。
To
tell
you
the
truth,I
am
a
little
tired.
说实话,我有点累。
4.独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构(The
Nominative
Absolute
Construction)。
独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。
独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+名词;②名词/代词+不定式;③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。
The
test
finished(=When
the
test
was
finished),we
began
our
holiday.
考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。
The
president
assassinated(=Because
the
president
was
assassinated),the
whole
country
was
in
deep
sorrow.
总统被暗杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
(四)、非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail
(未能),pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen
(碰巧)等。
She
seated
herself
at
a
small
table
in
the
restaurant,waiting
to
be
served.
她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。
2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语:admit,avoid,consider,escape(避开),imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel
like,give
up,put
off,object
to,look
forward
to等。此外,have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.;have
fun
(in)
doing
sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。
I
avoided
mentioning
the
subject
in
case
he
should
be
offended.
我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他。
It's
quite
hot
today.Do
you
feel
like
going
for
a
swim?
今天很热。你想去游泳吗?
3.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词:
I
remembered
to
lock
the
door
before
I
left
the
office,but
forgot
to
turn
off
the
lights.
我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。
—That
would
mean
wasting
a
lot
of
labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
—Really?I
don't
mean
to
waste
any
labour.
——是吗?我并没打算浪费劳动力。
Was
she
worried
about
how
I
would
react
or
that
I
would
stop
buying
the
groceries
if
I
found
out?
她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢?
易错警示
(1)动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.?ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,find
out
等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who
等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.?ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
(五)、非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,call
on,depend
on等。
If
we
expect
people
to
give
up
the
habit
of
driving,we
must
give
them
an
alternative
they
can
rely
on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having
finished
her
project,she
was
invited
by
the
school
to
speak
to
the
new
students.
完成项目之后,她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词,如think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,understand等后常用to
be作宾补或主补。
Chinese
people
are
considered
to
be
the
most
hard?working
people
in
the
world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb.be
said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to
do/to
have
done结构中,不定式用作主语补足语。
He
is
thought
to
have
acted
foolishly.Now
he
has
no
one
but
himself
to
blame
for
losing
the
job.
大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人,而是他自己。
2.分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help?听!你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗?
(2)过去分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。
Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa,Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
good
care
of
at
home.
李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。
(3)使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:①have
sth.done=get
sth.done让别人做某事;②have
sb./sth.doing让……一直做某事;get
sth./sb.doing
使……开始做某事;③have
sb.do
sth.=get
sb.to
do
sth.让某人做某事。
Before
driving
into
the
city,you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed.
在开车进城之前,你需要洗洗车。
(4)with的复合结构为:①with+宾语+doing表示主动说明动作正在发生或经常发生;②with+宾语+done表示被动或完成;③with+宾语+to
do表示将要发生的动作。
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With
such
a
short
time
left
before
the
deadline,it
doesn't
seem
likely
that
John
will
finish
the
job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间,约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,she
wasn't
allowed
to
leave
her
office.
由于有许多工作要做,她不被允许离开办公室。
(六)、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时,一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长,常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
No
matter
how
bright
a
talker
you
are,there
are
times
when
it's
better
to
remain
silent.
不论你多么能说会道,有些时候保持沉默会更好。
(2)不定式作表语时,①表示预定要发生的动作;②当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时,常用不定式作表语;③主语为what引导的名词性从句时,表语多用不定式。
His
wish
is
to
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What
I
want
to
do
most
in
senior
high
is
(to)
improve
my
English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2.动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型:It's
a
waste
of
time
doing...;It's
no
use/good
doing...;It
is
useless
doing...,There
is
no
doing...等中。
Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
things
out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们,是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My
job
is
cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week(=Cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week
is
my
job).我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作连系动词时,意为“仍然是”时,后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语;但作不及物动词时,意为“尚待……;留待……”时,后常接to
be
done。
She
remained
standing
though
we
repeatedly
asked
her
to
sit
down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。
It
remains
to
be
seen
whether
the
newly?formed
committee's
policy
can
be
put
into
practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
不定式和动名词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数,这是短文改错中常考的语法点。
(七)、非谓语动词与语法填空
1.对非谓语动词类考题,解题时首先要通过句子结构判断所给提示词是否要用其非谓语动词。再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词,如:作主语、宾语用动名词或不定式;作目的状语常用不定式,作伴随状语常用现在分词等。
2.确定要用非谓语动词后,再根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系、动作发生的时间以及句意,判断出该使用何种非谓语动词形式。
高考高频词汇精选背诵(Q/R字母)
qualify
reasonable
respond
reluctant
quality
rebel
register
remark
quantity
royal
regulate
remarkable
quarrel
receipt
reject
resemble
queue
routine
release
remote
quit
recommend
relevant
represent
random
recreate
reliable
reputation
range
refer
respectively
restrict
rank
reflect
relieve
rescue
react
ridiculous
reverse
reserve
单句语法填空(注意非谓语动词用法)
1.I
want
this
precious
opportunity
very
much
_______
(improve)
my
organizational
ability.
2.Imagine
________
(climb)
up
to
the
80th
floor
of
your
office
building
without
an
elevator.
3.Nearly
all
the
people
__________
(interview)
believe
confidence
is
the
key
to
success.
4.The
problems____________
(discuss)
at
the
meeting
tomorrow
are
really
hard
to
solve(solve).
5._______
(remind)
myself
of
the
past
pleasant
days,I
have
some
related
photos
pinned
beside
my
desk.
6.The
student
____(absorb)
in
the
games
on
the
smartphone
during
class
did
not
notice
his
teacher
behind
him.
7.In
the
beauty
competition,women
are
asked
________
(perform)
some
of
the
exercises
to
the
music.
8.China
has
strengthened
security
checks
of
government
websites,
________
(hope)
to
clean
up
those
that
are
not
up
to
standard
by
the
end
of
2017.
9.__________
(wait)
for
the
bus
for
thirty
minutes,he
lost
his
patience
and
felt
very
anxious.
10.The
volunteers
are
reminded
of
taking
everything
_________
(belong)
to
them
before
leaving
the
hotel.
高考核心词汇检测
He
likes
to
_______
proverbs
in
his
compositions.
A.
quote
B.
quit
C.
quake
D.
quarrel
You'd
better
give
us
a
________
idea
of
your
price.
tough
B.
rough
C.
ridiculous
D.
regular
This
is
a
village_______
from
the
madding
crowd.
realistic
B.
romantic
C.
remote
D.
rural
They
________
each
other
in
shape
but
not
in
color.
A.
resemble
B.
rescue
C.
restore
D.
assemble
A
healthy
diet
creates
a
body
____________to
disease.
relevant
B.
reasonable
C.
reluctant
D.
resistant
____not
to
miss
the
flight
at
15:20,
the
manager
set
out
for
the
airport
in
a
hurry.
Restricted
B.
Reminded
C.
Responded
D.
Related
John
is
very
____if
he
promises
to
do
something
he’ll
do
it.
independent
B.
confident
C.
reliable
D.
flexible
I
promise
never
to
______________
his
secret.
reveal
B.
remark
C.
register
D.
resolve
China
has
got
a
good
____
for
fighting
against
the
flu
with
its
careful
and
smooth
organization.
A.
reputation
B.
influence
C.
impression
D.
knowledge
Don’t
worry
if
you
don’t
understand
everything.
The
teacher
will
______the
main
points
at
the
end.
A.
recover
B.
review
C.
require
D.
remember
She
_________
the
instructions
so
that
the
children
could
understand
them.
A.
sought
B.
shaved
C.
shrank
D.
simplified
The
__________
side
of
the
coin
was
stamped
with
an
eagle.
routine
B.
rotten
C.
reverse
D.
restless
Will
you
____________
some
scenic
sports
to
see
here
?
A.
recommend
B.
resist
C.
risk
D.
reduce
The
CEO
has
decided
to
halt
all
production
and
______
the
remaining
500
employees.
A.
reflect
B.
design
C.
release
D.
resign
When
I
first
learned
to
cook,
I
used
_______
and
turned
out
some
tasty
dishes.
A.
ranges
B.
recipes
C.
refreshments
D.
references
Translation
(注意使用非谓语动词)
公园里有很多人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心。
路遥写的书为很多青少年所喜欢。
他提醒我别忘了明天的会议。
为了通过考试,他经常努力学习到深夜。
5.尽管已经告诉他这个答案几次了,但我不知道他是否能理解。
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
All
over
the
world,
people
admire
the
beauty
and
grace
of
butterflies.
Butterflies
come
in
every
color
imaginable,
and
their
50
display
an
incredible
variety
of
patterns.
The
largest
butterfly,
Queen
Alexandra’s
Birdwing,
has
a
wingspan
(翼展)
of
up
to
280
millimeters
and
lives
in
Papua
New
Guinea.
The
smallest,
the
Western
Pygmy
Blue
in
the
southern
U.S.,
has
a
wingspan
of
only
12
millimeters.
Sadly,
some
of
these
beautiful
creatures
are
now
51
.
Estimates
indicate
that
between
15
and
20
thousand
species
of
butterflies
exist
around
the
world.
A
number
of
these
species
are
endangered,
over
20
in
Japan
52
.
Although
that
number
may
seem
small,
losing
even
one
species
would
be
53
.
Nowadays
scientists
even
look
to
butterflies
as
a
54
of
the
environment’s
health,
since
they
are
55
to
environmental
changes.
Many
environmentalists
around
the
world
are
eager
to
protect
the
endangered
butterflies
from
extinction.
The
American
Museum
of
Natural
History
in
New
York,
for
example,
has
an
unusual
butterfly
exhibit.
This
exhibit
56
the
important
role
that
butterflies
play
in
our
environment.
In
recent
years,
environmental
groups
have
made
significant
progress
in
57
endangered
butterfly
populations.
Governments
throughout
Asia
have
passed
laws
to
help
protect
endangered
wildlife,
including
butterflies.
An
area
called
Butterfly
Valley
in
Assam,
India,
has
become
the
focus
of
conscious
58
to
protect
the
butterflies’
habitat
(栖息地).
Other
projects
in
Serbia,
Japan,
and
Canada
are
also
hoping
to
59
.
Some
of
these
efforts
are
already
starting
to
work.
The
population
of
the
El
Segundo
Blue
Butterfly
in
California,
for
instance,
has
increased
by
8
percent
since
2010.
Finding
a
cure
for
the
butterfly
crisis
is,
60
,
not
just
for
environmental
groups.
61
citizens
can
plant
butterfly
gardens
to
support
and
enjoy
these
gentle
creatures.
A
group
of
female
prisoners
in
Belfair,
Washington,
are
helping
to
rescue
an
endangered
species
called
Taylor’s
Checkerspot.
They
recognize
how
62
seemingly
insignificant
creatures
can
be.
The
world
cannot
afford
to
lose
any
butterflies.
As
environmentalist
John
Muir
once
63
,
“When
we
try
to
pick
out
anything
by
itself,
we
find
it
64
to
everything
else
in
the
Universe.”
50.
A.
colors
B.
bodies
C.
wings
D.
feelers
51.
A.
out
of
control
B.
in
great
danger
C.
on
the
fly
D.
out
of
date
52.
A.
nearby
B.
though
C.
besides
D.
alone
53.
A.
predictable
B.
possible
C.
imaginable
D.
terrible
54.
A.
factor
B.
picture
C.
measure
D.
display
55.
A.
exposed
B.
accustomed
C.
sensitive
D.
resistant
56.
A.
highlights
B.
changes
C.
replaces
D.
finds
57.
A.
preserving
B.
controlling
C.
observing
D.
recognizing
58.
A.
projects
B.
efforts
C.
steps
D.
groups
59.
A.
set
an
example
B.
keep
the
promise
C.
make
a
difference
D.
take
the
time
60.
A.
however
B.
furthermore
C.
otherwise
D.
therefore
61.
A.
Distinguished
B.
Leading
C.
Senior
D.
Ordinary
62.
A.
graceful
B.
significant
C.
pitiful
D.
mysterious
63.
A.
proposed
B.
commented
C.
promised
D.
recommended
64.
A.
restricted
B.
adapted
C.
contributed
D.
tied
SectionB
Directions:
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
The
elephant
was
lying
heavily
on
its
side,
fast
asleep.
A
few
dogs
started
barking
at
it.
The
elephant
woke
up
in
a
terrible
anger:
it
chased
the
dogs
into
the
village
where
they
ran
for
safety.
That
didn't
stop
the
elephant.
It
destroyed
a
dozen
houses
and
injured
several
people.
The
villagers
were
scared
and
angry.
Then
someone
suggested
calling
Parbati,
the
elephant
princess.
Parbati
Barua's
father
was
a
hunter
of
tigers
and
an
elephant
tamer.
He
taught
Parbati
to
ride
an
elephant
before
she
could
even
walk.
He
also
taught
her
the
dangerous
art
of
the
elephant
round-up
--
how
to
catch
wild
elephants.
Parbati
hasn't
always
lived
in
the
jungle.
After
a
happy
childhood
hunting
with
her
father,
she
was
sent
to
boarding
school
in
the
city.
But
Parbati
never
got
used
to
being
there
and
many
years
later
she
went
back
to
her
old
life.
"Life
in
the
city
is
too
dull.
Catching
elephants
is
an
adventure
and
the
excitement
lasts
for
days
after
the
chase,"
she
says.
But
Parbati
doesn't
catch
elephants
just
for
fun.
"My
work,"
she
says,
"is
to
rescue
man
from
the
elephants,
and
to
keep
the
elephants
safe
from
man."
And
this
is
exactly
what
Parbati
has
been
doing
for
many
years.
Increasingly,
the
Indian
elephant
is
angry:
for
many
years,
illegal
hunters
have
attacked
it
and
its
home
in
the
jungle
has
been
reduced
to
small
pieces
of
land.
It
is
now
fighting
back.
Whenever
wild
elephants
enter
a
tea
garden
or
a
village,
Parbati
is
called
to
guide
the
animals
back
to
the
jungle
before
they
can
kill.
The
work
of
an
elephant
tamer
also
involves
love
and
devotion.
A
good
elephant
tamer
will
spend
hours
a
day
singing
love
songs
to
a
newly
captured
elephant.
"Eventually
they
grow
to
love
their
tamers
and
never
forget
them.
They
are
also
more
loyal
than
humans,"
she
said,
as
she
climbed
up
one
of
her
elephants
and
sat
on
the
giant,
happy
animal.
An
elephant
princess
indeed!
65.
For
Parbati,
catching
elephants
is
mainly
to
_________
.
A.
get
long
lasting
excitement
B.
keep
both
man
and
elephants
safe
C.
send
them
back
to
the
jungle
D.
make
the
angry
elephants
tame
66.
Before
Parbati
studied
in
a
boarding
school,
__________.
A.
she
spent
her
time
hunting
with
her
father
B.
she
learned
how
to
sing
love
songs
C.
she
had
already
been
called
an
elephant
princess
D.
she
was
taught
how
to
hunt
tigers
67.
Indian
elephants
are
getting
increasingly
angry
and
they
revenge
because
__________.
A.
they
are
caught
and
sent
for
heavy
work
B.
illegal
hunters
capture
them
and
kill
them
C.
they
are
attacked
and
their
land
gets
limited
D.
dogs
often
bark
at
them
and
chase
them
68.
The
passage
starts
with
an
elephant
story
in
order
to
explain
that
in
India
_________.
A.
people
easily
fall
victim
to
elephants'
attacks
B.
the
man-elephant
relationship
is
getting
worse
C.
elephant
tamers
are
in
short
supply
D.
dogs
are
as
powerful
as
elephants
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