2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—完型填空（含答案解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—完型填空
1、2020黄浦二模
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Retailers (零售商) closed more than 9,000 stores in 2019. Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape “the retail ___41___.” It is easy to owe it to the rise of e-commerce, which has boomed while physical stores struggle. But this can be ___42___. Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years, but internet shopping still represents only 11 percent of the entire retail sales total. Collectively, three major ___43___ forces have had an even bigger impact on physical retail than the internet has.
To begin with, we have changed ___44___ we shop — away from smaller stores like those in malls and toward stand-alone “Big Box” stores, which is a greater problem for most physical stores.
Also, rising income ___45___ has left less of the nation’s money in the hands of the middle class, and the traditional retail stores that ___46___ them have suffered. It is estimated that since 1970, the share of the nation’s income earned by families in the middle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent. As the ___47___ of income at the top rises, overall retail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money. The government reports ___48___ for different income levels in the official Consumer Expenditure Survey. In the latest data, people in the top 10 percent of income ___49___ almost a third of their income after tax, while people in the middle of the income distribution spent 100 percent of their income. ___50___, as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top, it has meant higher saving rates overall.
Lastly, we have spent ___51___ less of income on things and more on services with every passing decade. Since 1960, we went from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent. We spend more on education, entertainment, business services and all sorts of other products that aren’t ___52___ in traditional retail stores. Economists debate theories of why people have ___53___ to services and away from goods, but no one questions that it has happened. It means that over time, retailers selling ___54___ will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place.
In short, the broad forces hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of ___55___. It’s a lesson all retailers will have to learn some day.
41. A. business B. disaster C. investment D. strategy
42. A. advanced B. confirmed C. overstated D. undervalued
43. A. economic B. legal C. physical D. political
44. A. how B. what C. where D. why
45. A. distribution B. inequality C. level D. tax
46. A. aim at B. approve of C. compete with D. stem from
47. A. concentration B. influence C. security D. source
48. A. education B. employment C. housing D. spending
49. A. concealed B. donated C. earned D. saved
50. A. Instead B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore
51. A. cautiously B. intelligently C. proportionately D. prospectively
52. A. available B. insufficient C. popular D. uncommon
53. A. applied B. committed C. shifted D. tied
54. A. ideas B. patents C. services D. things
55. A. consumption B. habit C. income D. technology
【答案】41-45: BCACB 46-50: AADDD 51-55: CACDD
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章就零售业面临的寒冬作了分析，指出并非是电商崛起抢占了零售业的市场份额，而是出于一些经济方面的原因。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人将这种情况称为“零售灾难”。A. business生意；B. disaster灾难；C. investment投资；D. strategy策略。根据前文描述的2019年有9000多家零售商倒闭推断，应该指的是零售界的一场灾难。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这可能是夸张了。A. advanced提前；B. confirmed确认；C. overstated夸大；D. undervalued低估。从下文的分析来看，网上购物并没有对零售业造成太大的影响，所以这里要表达所谓的电商威胁到了零售业是比较夸张的说法。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：三大主要的经济力量对实体零售商的影响远比网络来得大得多。A. economic经济的；B. legal合法的；C. physical生理的；D. political政治的。后文分为三部分详述了三个影响因素，显然都是经济方面的。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：首先，我们改变了购物的地点——从像购物中心那样的小商店转向了独立的“大”商店，这对大多数实体店来说是一个更大的问题。A. how如何；B. what什么；C. where在那里；D. why为什么。从后句破折号解释的句子来看，是在说明购物地点的改变，所以要用where来引导名词性从句表示“……的地方”。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，收入不平等加剧，使得国家的钱越来越少地落入中产阶级手中，针对中产阶级的传统零售店也受到了影响。A. distribution贡献；B. inequality不平等；C. level等级；D. tax税收。后文中用统计数据说明了中产阶级家庭收入的占比在下降，也就是出现了不平衡的情况。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，收入不平等加剧，使得国家的钱越来越少地落入中产阶级手中，针对中产阶级的传统零售店也受到了影响。A. aim at针对，目的在于；B. approve of赞成；C. compete with竞争；D. stem from源于。零售商与中产阶级的关系紧密，容易推断零售商的主要客户就是中产阶级。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着收入向最顶端集中程度的上升，整体零售业受到影响，原因只是高收入人群把钱存起来的比例大得多。A. concentration集中；B. influence影响；C. security安全；D. source来源。与下文高收入人士人群把钱存起来的比例大加大可以推断，这里指资金在上层阶级的集中，也与前文的收入不平衡呼应。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府在官方的消费者支出调查中报告了不同阶层的消费情况。A. education教育；B. employment雇佣；C. housing住房；D. spending消费，支出。这里与expenditure对应，指政府对于消费情况的调查。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最新数据显示，收入最高的10%的人将税后收入的近三分之一存了起来。A. concealed隐瞒；B. donated捐赠；C. earned挣；D. saved节省，保存。根据 it has meant higher saving rates overall总结的储蓄率增长可以推断，这里指高收入人士将税后收入的近三分之一存了起来。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，随着中产阶级被压榨而更多的人跃居高收入阶级，就意味着储蓄率总体变高了。A. Instead而不是；B. However然而；Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。分析语境可知，最终要得出的结论是储蓄率上升，这与前面所提的事实存在因果关系。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们在物品上的支出占收入的比例下降，而在服务上的支出增加。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. intelligently智能地；C. proportionately相称地，成比例地；D. prospectively预期地。这里有在实体和服务上花销的一个对比，即存在一种相对关系。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们把更多的钱花在了教育、娱乐、商业服务和其他各种传统零售店买不到的产品上。A. available可获取的；B. insufficient不足的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. uncommon不寻常的。前面列举的都是服务项目，与实体形成对比，这些服务都是零售店提供不了的。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济学家们在争辩为何我们都远离实物转向了服务。A. applied应用；B. committed承诺，委托；C. shifted转移，变换；D. tied系，连接。这里承接上文继续说明人们重服务轻商品的现象，即远离商品、转向服务。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着随着时间流逝，出售实物的零售商们要想生存下去会越来越艰难。A. ideas主意；B. patents专利；C. services服务；D. things事物。与前文“less of income on things and more on services”对应，零售商们难以生存就是因为他们销售的是实物商品。故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：简言之，打击零售业的广泛力量更多的是经济学方面的因素，而不是技术的力量。A. consumption消费；B. habit习惯；C. income收入；D. technology技术。根据上文可知，零售业的寒冬并非是网络技术发展、电商崛起造成的结果，而更多地源于经济因素。故选D项。
2、2020普陀二模
Growing Adoption of Green Cleaning
When we clean the bathroom, we’ve got all kinds of stuff to help us out: a cleaning solution that removes dirty marks from the shower walls and something in a squeeze bottle that makes the toilet sparkling clean. When all is done, the room is neat and clean, ___41___ dirt and bacteria. There’s just one problem — the ___42___ we used to clean can be harmful to people and the environment. For this reason, many people say that traditional cleaners should be ___43___ and replaced with less harmful “green” products.
The problem ___44___ the fact that some cleaning products contain harsh chemicals that just aren’t healthy for humans, animals, or the planet. Think of the ___45___ coming from a factory and getting into the air. The smoke creates air pollution, which harms the environment and makes us feel ill when we breathe it in. ___46___, the chemicals in cleaning products pollute the air and can hurt us when we breathe them in or when they get on our skin. However, not all cleaning products are harmful. Green products, which do not contain harsh chemicals, are said to be good ___47___ because they are effective at cleaning and are safe for people and for the planet.
___48___ about chemicals has led many states to require schools and government buildings to use environmentally friendly cleaning products instead of products containing poisonous chemicals. Last year, 10 states required the use of green products and at least 5 other states were considering ___49___ in support of these products. A proposed bill would apply to bathroom and floor cleaners, hand soap, toilet paper, paper towels, and etc.
Many green cleaning products are widely available at prices ___50___ traditional products. In some cases, manufacturers receive green certifications for products they have long had on the market, and the prices of these products remain low. But not everyone shares the view about the ___51___ of green products. Toilet paper, trash bags and paper towel made from recycled materials can cost up to 20% more than traditional products, said Stephen, director of the Green Cleaning Network.
So, ___52___ of the proposed legislation are concerned about the potentially higher costs for some green products. These critics say that states should not determine which products ___53___ institutes and agencies must buy, especially if they increase costs, since many universities are already struggling financially. Some states have made compromises (妥协) to help ___54___ concerns about costs. In Wisconsin, a recent adjustment to the bill would give schools and agencies three years instead of one to begin using green products. It would also ___55___ them to quit if they could show that their costs would increase.
41. A. far from B. free of C. none but D. filled with
42. A. brushes B. cloth C. solutions D. paper
43. A. recycled B. renewed C. reserved D. rejected
44. A. accounts for B. results in C. stems from D. turns out
45. A. smoke B. drains C. products D. spray
46. A. Nevertheless B. Similarly C. Obviously D. Meanwhile
47. A. alternatives B. maintenance C. production D. resolutions
48. A. Complaint B. Concern C. Investigation D. Knowledge
49. A. campaign B. debate C. legislation D. vote
50. A. higher than B. cheaper than C. similar to D. based on
51. A. affordability B. availability C. feasibility D. practicality
52. A. supporters B. directors C. lawyers D. opponents
53. A. academic B. industrial C. medical D. financial
54. A. evaluate B. emphasize C. voice D. address
55. A. advise B. encourage C. allow D. sponsor
【答案】41-45 BCDCA BABCC ADADC
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统清洁产品含有对人类、动物或地球不健康的有害化学物质，许多人认为传统的清洁剂应该被摒弃，取而代之以危害较小的“绿色”产品。然而，反对人士担忧其成本增加带来的经济负担。
【41题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：当一切都完成后，房间干净整洁，没有污垢和细菌。A. far from远离；B. free of没有；C. none but只有；D. filled with充满。根据空前的 the room is neat and clean可知房间干净整洁，因此可知此处说明“没有”污垢和细菌。free of意为“没有”，符合语境，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有一个问题，我们用来清洁的解决方案可能对人类和环境有害。A. brushes刷子；B. cloth布；C. solutions解决办法；D. paper纸。根据下一句中的that traditional cleaners (传统的清洁剂)可知此处说的是清洁的解决办法(solutions), solutions符合语境，故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，许多人认为应该拒绝使用传统的清洁剂，以危害较小的“绿色”产品取而代之。A. recycled回收；B. renewed更新；C. reserved保留；D. rejected拒绝。根据上文can be harmful to people and the environment. For this reason(用来清洁的解决方案可能对人类和环境有害，出于这个原因)可知传统的对人类有害的清洁剂应该被拒绝。rejected符合语境，故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：问题源于这样一个事实：一些清洁产品含有对人类、动物或地球不健康的有害化学物质。A. accounts for占；B. results in结果；C. stems from源于；D. turns out结果证明。根据空后的the fact that some cleaning products contain harsh chemicals(一些清洁产品含有有害化学物质的事实)可知这是问题的来源，stems from意为“源于”，符合语境，故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：想想工厂里冒出来的烟，然后飘到空气中。A. smoke烟雾；B. drains排水管；C. products产品；D. spray喷雾。根据空后的coming from a factory and getting into the air可知工厂里冒出来，然后飘到空气中的是烟雾（smoke）。并且smoke在下一句中有复现。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，清洁产品中的化学物质污染空气，当我们吸入它们或它们接触到我们的皮肤时会伤害我们。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Similarly同样地；C. Obviously显然地；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上句中harms the environment and makes us feel ill及此句中pollute the air and can hurt us可知两者都在说对环境和人类造成伤害，因此填Similarly(同样地)符合语言逻辑，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：绿色产品不含有害化学物质，据说是很好的替代品，因为它们在清洁方面有效，对人类和地球都是安全的。A. alternatives替代品；B. maintenance维护；C. production生产；D. resolutions解决方案。根据上文 However, not all cleaning products are harmful. Green products, which do not contain harsh chemicals(然而，并不是所有的清洁产品都是有害的。绿色产品不含有害化学物质)可知绿色产品是很好的替代品（alternatives），故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于对化学品的担忧，许多州要求学校和政府大楼使用环境友好的清洁产品，而不是含有有毒化学物质的产品。A. Complaint投诉；B. Concern担忧；C. Investigation调查；D. Knowledge知识。根据下文has led many states to require schools and government buildings to use environmentally friendly cleaning products instead of products containing poisonous chemicals(导致许多州要求学校和政府大楼使用环境友好的清洁产品，而不是含有有毒化学物质的产品)及语言逻辑可知这是出于对化学品的担忧(concern)，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，有10个州要求使用绿色产品，至少还有5个州正在考虑立法支持这些产品。A. campaign竞选；B. debate辩论；C. legislation立法；D. vote投票。根据空前的states were considering及空后的in support of these products可知此处表示这些州在考虑支持这些产品的立法（legislation），legislation符合语境，并且最后一段the proposed legislation中legislation有复现，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：许多绿色清洁产品的价格与传统产品相似。A. higher than高于；B. cheaper than比……便宜；C. similar to类似于；D. based on基于。根据空前的Many green cleaning products are widely available (许多绿色清洁产品普遍是可获得的)可知其价格与传统的价格相似。similar to符合语境。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但并非所有人都同意绿色产品的可支付性。A. affordability可支付性；B. availability可用性；C. feasibility可行性；D. practicality实用性。根据下文…made from recycled materials can cost up to 20% more than traditional products可知有些清洁产品价格比传统的高，上下文都在说明绿色产品的价格问题，因此affordability(可支付性)符合语境，故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，立法提案的反对者担心一些绿色产品可能会增加成本。A. supporters支持者；B. directors董事；C. lawyers律师；D. opponents反对者。根据句中的are concerned about the potentially higher costs for some green products(担心一些绿色产品可能会增加成本)可知担心成本高的人反对那些支持绿色产品的立法提案。opponents(反对者)符合语境，故选D。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些批评人士说，各州不应决定学术机构和机构必须购买哪些产品，尤其是如果它们增加了成本，因为许多大学已经在财政上陷入困境。A. academic学术；B. industrial工业；C. medical医学；D. financial金融。根据句中的many universities及常识可知大学是学术机构，因此academic(学术)符合语境，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些州已经做出妥协，以帮助解决人们对成本的担忧。A. evaluate评估；B. emphasize强调；C. voice表达；D. address解决。根据空前的to help及空后的concerns about costs可知此处表示帮助“解决”他们对成本的担忧，动词address意为“解决”，符合语境，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们能证明成本会增加，他们也可以退出。A. advise建议；B. encourage鼓励；C. allow允许；D. sponsor赞助。根据上一句would give schools and agencies three years instead of one to begin using green products(将给予学校和机构三年而不是一年的时间开始使用绿色产品。)可知此处在说明所作出的妥协，allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，此处表示如果他们能证明成本会增加，将“允许”他们退出使用绿色产品。allow符合语境，故选C。
3、2020徐汇二模
The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the 41 to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by 42 more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. 43 leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to 44 shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.
Companies can 45 customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46 , enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes 47 frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also 48 potential customers and encourage disloyalty.
Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make 49 judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies 50 believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much 51 into the value of a company’s customers.
As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to 52 in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53 , reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”
This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) 54 picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. 55 , firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.
A. item B. version C. term D. definition
A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting
A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful
A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain
A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy
A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand
A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine
A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off
A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent
A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly
A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility
A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense
A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general
A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid
A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. Therefore
【答案】41-55 CCBAD ABDAD DBBAB
【解析】
本题是一篇说明文。讲述了顾客价值对于公司发展的重大意义。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我使用的这个术语指的是一个公司客户群的整个生命周期价值。A. item项；B. version版本；C. term术语；D. definition定义。该空上一句提及的customer value是一个术语，并不是一个定义。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司通过提高这种价值来赢得更多客户。A. persuading说服；B. consulting咨询；C. acquiring获得；D. inspecting视察，观察。通过“earning more business from existing ones”（从现有的客户里赚取更多的利润），可以判断出获得更多客户才有更多利润。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有眼见的领导者早已理解将注意力转移到客户价值的重要性，而不是追求短期效益和季度效益。A. considerate体贴的；B. visionary有预见的；C. determined决绝的；D. powerful有力的。该空后提及“领导早已理解客户价值的重要性”，这里强调的是那些有远见、深谋远虑的领导。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是有许多把客户忠诚度看得重的公司能够抵御股东压力。A. resist抵抗；B. relieve减轻；C. intensify加强；D. maintain维持。根据后句的“or avoid it altogether”（或者可以一同抵御它们），可以判断该空与后面的句子在语义上表达的同一个意思，即抵御风险。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方式上，公司也可能破坏了顾客价值。A. raise提出；B. adopt采纳，收养；C. calculate计算；D. destroy破坏。通过该段后文的“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they…”（如此策略甚至会导致短期的收益增长，但是……）从这句可以判断出，短期策略对公司长久发展是不利。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了提高收入，计算机公司有时向公司顾客征收公司所有权变更费，高达原始费用3倍之多。A. income收入；B. experience经历，经验；C. productivity生产力；D. demand要求。通过该段后文的“The resulting profits may look good on the income statement.”（ 结果从收入账单上看，最后收益看起来还不错）。可以看出，公司采取这些策略的目的是提高收益，减少成本。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少运营成本，一些连锁餐馆有时会用速冻或预加工食材而不是新鲜的、定制的食物。A. separate分隔；B. substitute代替；C. forbid禁止；D. combine组合。该句上提及“To reduce operating costs”（为了减少运营成本），可以判断出公司会采取手段来缩减运营成本，用速冻或预加工产品代替新鲜定制的食物会提升餐馆运营效率，从而提高营业额。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会把潜在客户吓跑并助长客户“不忠”。A. appeal to对……有吸引力；B. rely on依靠；C. put down放下；D. scare off吓跑。该空前一句提及“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth.”（如此策略甚至会得到短期收入增长），但话锋一转，作者使用了but，可以推断出其实这种做法并不是最可靠有效的，甚至是吓跑潜在客户群。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者可以对公司的业绩表现有一个清晰的评判。A. informed了解情况的；B. subjective主观的；C. definitive确信的；D. independent独立自主的。下文提及公司应该公开一些报表数据，从消费者角度就可以得到更多信息从而客观评价公司的业绩了。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但大多数公司错误地认为衡量顾客价值是一项困难且开销大的事情。A. fully彻底地；B. hardly艰难地；C. readily毫不犹豫，迅速地；D. wrongly错误地。该空前面的but可以推断出，在现实当中，大多数公司并没有像文章中那样做，而是理所当然认为衡量顾客价值的方法不可取。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：收入账单及结余账单都无法充足地提供关于公司客户价值数据。A. suspicion怀疑；B. extension拓展；C. literacy素养；D. visibility可见。因为上文提及好多公司并没有恒量顾客价值，自然也就没有可看得到的相关数据。故选D项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多公司都将注意力转移到如何成功提高客户群的价值上面。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. success成功；C. prejudice偏见；D. expense花费。上文提及虽然有很多公司开始考虑顾客价值这一问题，但是还是有很多公司没有考虑如何成功提升客户群价值上面了。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：例如，英国顶尖的能源供应商（E.ON），每年都会在财务报道中纰漏其客户人头。A. as a result因此；B. for example例如；C. on the contrary恰相反；D. in general大体上。作者在这里以英国能源供应商的实际例子来支撑客户价值意义这一观点。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者并没有一个完整的图景（整体情况）。A. incomplete不完整的；B. depressing沮丧的，萧条的；C. convincing有说服力的；D. vivid栩栩如生的。前文提及“This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements”（这才是开始，没有客户价值体系标准及要求）可以判断，在这一“客户价值”问题还有许多事情亟待完善，所以对于投资者来说，图景是不完整的。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：再者，公司统计客户价值指标也各不相同，也会改变指标编造一个想得到故事。A. instead事实上；B. further进一步，再者；C. otherwise否则；D. therefore因此。该空前后提及的两种情况是递进关系，所以使用“更进一步”较为合适。故选B项。
4、2020杨浦二模
Developments in artificial intelligence, robotics and sensors（传感器） are making houses and apartments smarter than ever.
IT'S 6 A.M., and the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. It’s not a malfunction: the smart clock scanned your schedule and (41) _________ because you’ve got that big presentation first thing in the morning. Your shower automatically turns on and warms to your preferred temperature. The electric car is (42) ________ to go, charged by the solar panels. When you get home later, there’s a(n) (43) _________ package waiting, delivered by drone. You open it to find cold medicine. It turns out that health sensors in your bathroom detected (44) ________ of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.
That at least is the ideal version of the smart home that exists 10 years out. Swedish research firm Berg Insight says 63 million American homes will (45) ________ as “smart” by 2022, with everything from Internet-connected light bulbs to cameras that let us spy on our pets from the office. But a decade from now, experts say, we’ll move from turning the lights on and off with our voices to total engagement in the Internet of Things (IoT). (46) ________ advancements in artificial intelligence, the smartest homes will be able to truly learn about their owners, eventually foretelling their (47) ________. Developments in robotics will give us machines that offer a helping hand with cleaning, cooking and more. New sensors will be (48)________ watching our well-being. (49) ________ to all of this will be the data that smart homes collect, analyze and act upon, helping to turn the houses of the future from a mere collection of devices and accessories into truly “smart” homes.
Of course, as our homes learn more about us, keeping them (50) ________ will become all the more important. Every (51) ______ that’s connected to the Internet is a potential target for hackers. Therefore, cybersecurity will become all the more vital.
A range of technological developments will drive smart-home technology well beyond what’s available on store shelves today. Innovations in artificial intelligence, (52) _______, stand to reverse almost everything in our lives, including our homes. You might already be using some kind of Al-powered voice-assistant device to get the latest news or weather forecast every morning. But in the smart home of the future, those Al platforms could serve as the brain for entire homes, learning about (53) ________ and organizing and automating all of their various smart devices. IT company Crestron, for example, is working on software that (54)________ a person’s habits, like which music they want to hear in the morning or which lights they want to be on at a certain time of the day. Then, once it knows a user’s (55) ________, it automatically plays just the right playlists or dims the lights before bedtime.
41. A. attempted B. adjusted C. approved D. assisted
42. A. free B. likely C. ready D. eager
43. A. unexpected B. disconnected C. unsealed D. misplaced
44. A. symbols B. signals C. codes D. signs
45. A. serve B. qualify C. behave D. model
46. A. In spite of B. Instead of C. In addition to D. Thanks to
47. A. needs B. dangers C. instincts D. responses
48. A. deeply B. barely C. closely D. manually
49. A. Accessible B. Central C. Relative D. Objective
50. A. personal B. special C. specific D. secure
51. A. camera B. bulb C. device D. model
52. A. by contrast B. for example C. in turn D. at least
53. A. residents B. operators C. relatives D. consumers
54. A. transforms B. tracks C. treats D. trains
55. A. conditions B. features C. preferences D. characters
【答案】41-55 B C A D B D A C B D C B A B C
【解析】
本文为说明文。人工智能、机器人技术和传感器的发展使房屋和公寓比以往更加智能，这些软件能自动追踪居民的习惯，了解我们的喜好，更好地为居民服务。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不是一个故障：智能时钟扫描了你的日程安排并进行了调整，因为你早上第一件事就是要做一个大报告。A. attempted尝试；B. adjusted调整，调节；C. approved批准；D. assisted协助。根据上下文“the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual. It’s not a malfunction: t the smart clock scanned your schedule ”“because you’ve got that big presentation first thing in the morning.”闹钟响得比平时早。这不是一个故障：智能时钟扫描了你的日程。因为你早上第一件事就是要做一个大报告。可知，闹钟根据你的日程进行了调整（adjust），故选B。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的淋浴会自动打开并加热到你喜欢的温度。电动汽车很可能会开走，由太阳能电池板充电。A. free免费的；B. likely可能的；C. ready准备好的；D. eager渴望。根据前面的内容这些都是设想，一种可能性（likely），故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你晚些时候回到家，会有一个意想不到的包裹等待着，它由无人机送来。A. unexpected意外的；B. disconnected断开的；C. unsealed未密封的；D. misplaced错位的。根据后面的“It turns out that health sensors in your bathroom detected ___4___ of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.”此处是说：原来，卫生间里的健康传感器检测到了即将患病的迹象，并自动下单。由此可知，这是个意想不到的（unexpected）包裹，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：原来，卫生间里的健康传感器检测到了即将患病的迹象，并自动下单。A. symbols象征；B. signals信号；C. codes密码；D. signs符号。根据“an approaching illness(即将来临的疾病)”，可知，此处是指有这样的迹象（signs），故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞典研究公司Berg Insight表示，到2022年，将有6300万美国家庭符合“智能”标准。A. serve服务；B. qualify使合格；C. behave表现；D. model做模特。“qualify...as...”为固定搭配，意为“符合……”，故选B。
【46题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：多亏了人工智能的进步，最聪明的家庭将能够真正了解他们的主人，最终预测他们的需求。A. In spite of尽管；B. Instead of而不是；C. In addition to除……之外，此外；D. Thanks to幸亏，多亏了。根据语境可知，此处是指“多亏(thanks to)”了人工智能的进步，才能真正了解人们，故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了人工智能的进步，最聪明的家庭将能够真正了解他们的主人，最终预测他们的需求。A. needs需要；B. dangers危险；C. instincts本能；D. responses反应。从下文的内容可知，人工智能的发展，能更好地了解人们的需要（needs），故选A。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：新的传感器将密切关注我们的福祉。A. deeply深深地；B. barely勉强地；C. closely密切地；D. manually手动地。根据第二段的内容，新的传感器能感觉你可能会感冒。结合本段最后部分可知，这些人工智能对于我们是密切（closely）关注的，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这一切的核心将是智能家居收集、分析和行动的数据。A. Accessible可到达的，可接近的；B. Central中心的；C. Relative相对的；D. Objective客观的。根据语境可知，此处是指人工智能收集分析等这一切都是人工智能的核心部分，故选B。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，随着我们的家庭越来越了解我们，保护他们的安全将变得更加重要。A. personal个人的；B. special特殊的；C. specific精细的；D. secure安全的。根据下句“每一个连接到互联网的设备都是黑客的潜在目标。”可知，要保护这些设备的安全（secure），故选D。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一个连接到互联网的设备都是黑客的潜在目标。A. camera摄像机；B. bulb灯泡；C. device设备，仪器；D. model型号，模特。本文主要叙述10年以后人工智能设备（device），故选C。
【52题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一例如，人工智能的创新将会颠覆我们生活中的几乎一切，包括我们的家。A. by contrast相比之下；B. for example例如；C. in turn依次；D. at least至少。根据上下文的内容可知，上文说一系列的技术发展将推动智能家居技术的发展，这些是目前商店货架上的没有的产品。接着下面举例说明这种变化。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在未来的智能家居中，这些AI平台能充当整个家庭的大脑，了解居民，组织和让他们所有的智能家居设备自动化。A. residents居民；B. operators经营者；C. relatives亲属；D. consumers消费者。本段主要叙述未来的新科技给家居，即居民带来的好处，因此本小题要选resident(居民)，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，IT公司Crestron正在开发一款软件，可以追踪人们的习惯，比如他们想在早上听哪首音乐，或者他们想在一天的某个时间打开哪盏灯。A. transforms改造；B. tracks跟踪，追踪；C. treats款待；D. trains火车。根据后面的“比如他们想在早上听哪首音乐，或者他们想在一天的某个时间打开哪盏灯”可知，此种软件是追踪（tracks）人们的习惯，故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，一旦它知道用户的爱好会自动播放正确的播放列表或在睡前调暗灯光。A. conditions条件；B. features特色；C. preferences偏爱；D. characters特点。根据上句可知，这些软件追踪人们的习惯，如知道居民早上喜欢听哪首音乐，目的就是根据人们的爱好（preferences）来播放音乐。故选C。
5、2020崇明二模
High school students who take music courses score significantly better on math, science and English exams than their non-musical peers, according to a new study published in the Journal of Educational Psychology.
School administrators needing to cut budgets often look first to music courses, because the general belief is that students who devote time to music rather than math, science and English, will 41 in those disciplines.
“Our research proved this belief 42 and found the more the students engage with music, the better they do in those subjects,” said UBC (University of British Columbia) education professor and the study’s principal investigator, Peter Gouzouasis. “The students who learned to play a musical instrument in elementary and 43 playing in high school not only score significantly higher, but were about one academic year ahead of their non-music peers with regard to their English, mathematics and science skills, as measured by their exam grades, 44 their socioeconomic background, race, previous learning in mathematics and English, and gender.”
Gouzouasis and his team 45 data from all students in public schools in British Columbia who finished Grade 12 between 2012 and 2015. The data 46 , made up of more than 112,000 students, included those who completed at least one standardized exam for math, science and English. Students who studied at least one instrumental music course in the regular curriculum counted as students 47 music.
The researchers found the 48 relationships between music education and academic achievement were more pronounced for those who took instrumental music rather than vocal (发声的) music. The findings suggest skills learned in instrumental music 49 very broadly to the students’ learning in school.
“Learning to play a musical instrument and playing in a band is very 50 ,” said the study’s co-investigator Martin Guhn, an assistant professor in UBC’s school of population and public health. “A student has to learn to read musical notes, develop eye-hand-mind coordination (协调), develop keen listening skills, develop 51 skills for playing in a band and develop discipline to practice. All those learning experiences, and more, play a role in 52 the learner’s cognitive capacities (认知能力), executive functions, and motivation to learn in school.”
The researchers hope that their findings will be brought to the 53 of students, parents, teachers and administrative decision-makers in education, as many school districts over the years have emphasized mathematics and literacy 54 other areas of learning, particularly music. “However, the amusing aspect is that 55 education can be the very thing that improves all-around academic achievement,” said Gouzouasis.
41. A. overbalance B. underperform C. overwork D. underplay
42. A. fantastic B. strategic C. embarrassing D. wrong
43. A. resisted B. delayed C. deserted D. continued
44. A. thanks to B. in contrast to C. regardless of D. by means of
45. A. examined B. published C. stored D. exchanged
46. A. report B. sample C. analysis D. center
47. A. taking B. composing C. sharing D. performing
48. A. casual B. symbolic C. predictive D. changeable
49. A. transfer B. decline C. attach D. limit
50. A. attractive B. distinct C. independent D. demanding
51. A. life B. literacy C. team D. survival
52. A. altering B. enhancing C. distracting D. labeling
53. A. attention B. question C. edge D. glory
54. A. in terms of B. as a result of C. in case of D. at the cost of
55. A. health B. music C. science D. school
【答案】41-55 BDDCA BACAD CBADB
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《教育心理学杂志》发表的一项新研究显示学习器乐的学生学习成绩更好。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为人们普遍认为，那些把时间花在音乐而不是数学、科学和英语上的学生在这些学科上会表现不佳。A. overbalance超过；B. underperform表现不佳；C. overwork滥用；D. underplay轻描淡写。空前一句说需要削减预算的学校管理者往往首先把目光集中在音乐课程上（拿音乐课程开刀），此处解释原因——人们普遍认为，那些把时间花在音乐而不是数学、科学和英语上的学生在这些学科上会表现不佳，故B项正确。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不列颠哥伦比亚大学教育学教授、该研究的首席研究员彼得·古佐瓦西斯说：“我们的研究证明了这一观点是错误的，我们发现学生越是学习音乐，他们在这些科目上的表现就越好”。A. fantastic极好的；B. strategic战略的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. wrong错误的。根据空后的“and found the more the students engage with music, the better they do in those subjects”可知，研究人员发现学生越是学习音乐，他们在这些科目上的表现就越好，这说明人们普遍认为的“那些把时间花在音乐而不是数学、科学和英语上的学生在这些学科上会表现不佳”这种观点是错误的，故D项正确。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“那些在小学学习演奏乐器并在高中继续学习的学生，不仅成绩显著提高，而且从考试成绩来看，在英语、数学和科学技能方面比其他没有学习音乐的学生领先一个学年左右，不管他们的社会经济背景如何、何种种族、以前数学和英语学得如何以及何种性别”。A. resisted反抗；B. delayed延时；C. deserted遗弃；D. continued继续。根据空前的“learned to play a musical instrument in elementary”及空后的“playing in high school”可知，此处指“在小学学习演奏乐器并在高中继续学习”，故D项正确。
【44题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. thanks to由于；B. in contrast to相比之下；C. regardless of不管；D. by means of凭借。根据空后的“their socioeconomic background, race, previous learning in mathematics and English, and gender.”可知此处指“不管他们的社会经济背景如何、何种种族、以前数学和英语学得如何以及何种性别”，故C项正确。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：古佐瓦西斯和他的团队检查了不列颠哥伦比亚省公立学校所有完成学业的学生的数据。A. examined检查；B. published出版；C. stored储存；D. exchanged交换。根据空后的“data from all students in public schools in British Columbia who finished”可知，研究人员检查了不列颠哥伦比亚省公立学校所有完成学业的学生的数据，故A项正确。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该数据样本由超过11.2万名学生组成，其中包括那些至少完成了一门数学、科学和英语标准化考试的学生。A. report报道；B. sample样本、样品；C. analysis分析；D. center中心。根据空后的“made up of more than 112,000 students”可知此处指“数据样本”，故B项正确。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在常规课程中，学习过至少一门器乐课程的学生被算作选修音乐的学生。A. taking从事（在此引申为“选修”）；B. composing作曲；C. sharing分享；D. performing表演。根据空前的“Students who studied at least one instrumental music course in the regular curriculum counted as students”可知，在常规课程中，学习过至少一门器乐课程的学生被算作选修音乐的学生，故A项正确。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，那些学习器乐而非声乐的学生，其音乐教育与学业成就之间的预测关系更为明显。A. casual随便的；B. symbolic象征的；C. predictive预测性的；D. changeable易变的。根据上文中的“and found the more the students engage with music, the better they do in those subjects”可知，研究人员发现学生越是学习音乐，他们在这些科目上的表现就越好，空后一句又说研究结果表明，在器乐方面所学的技能能很大程度上转移到学生在学校的学习中，因此此处是说这种关系在学习器乐的学生身上体现的更为明显，更具有这种“预测性”，故C项正确。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究结果表明，在器乐方面所学的技能能很大程度上转移到学生在学校的学习中。A. transfer转移、传递；B. decline下降；C. attach依附；D. limit限制。根据空后的“very broadly to the students’ learning in school”可知，在器乐方面所学的技能能很大程度上转移到学生在学校的学习中，故A项正确。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学习演奏乐器和在乐队中演奏的要求是非常高的。A. attractive吸引人的；B. distinct明显的；C. independent独立的；D. demanding要求高的、苛求的。空后一句说学生要学会读懂音符,培养眼手脑的协调能力、敏锐的听力、团队合奏技巧以及勤奋练习等等，这些都表明学习演奏乐器和在乐队中演奏的要求是非常高的，故D项正确。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生要学会读懂音符,培养眼手脑的协调能力、敏锐的听力、团队合奏技巧以及勤奋练习等等。A. life生活；B. literacy识字；C. team团队；D. survival生存。根据空后的“for playing in a band”可知此处指“团队合奏技巧”，故C项正确。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些学习经验在提高学习者的认知能力、执行力和学习的动力方面发挥了作用。A. altering改变；B. enhancing增强、提高；C. distracting使分心；D. labeling分类。根据空后的“the learner’s cognitive capacities, executive functions, and motivation to learn in school”可知，这些学习经验有助于提高学习者的认知能力、执行力以及学习的动力，故B项正确。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员希望他们的发现能引起学生、家长、教师和教育行政决策者的注意，因为多年来许多学区都在强调数学和读写能力，而忽视（牺牲）了其他学习领域，尤其是音乐。A. attention注意、关注；B. question问题；C. edge边缘；D. glory光荣。空后一句说多年来许多学区都在强调数学和读写能力，而忽视（牺牲）了其他学习领域，尤其是音乐，所以研究人员希望他们的发现能引起学生、家长、教师和教育行政决策者的注意，故A项正确。
【54题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. in terms of依据；B. as a result of由于；C. in case of假设；D. at the cost of以……为代价。根据上文中的“School administrators needing to cut budgets often look first to music courses”可知，需要削减预算的学校管理者往往首先把目光集中在音乐课程上（拿音乐课程开刀），因此此处是说牺牲了音乐领域（以音乐领域为代价），故D项正确。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有趣的是，音乐教育正是提高学生综合学业成绩的重要途径。A. health健康；B. music音乐；C. science科学；D. school学校。根据上文中的“found the more the students engage with music, the better they do in those subjects,”可知，研究人员发现学生越是学习音乐，他们在主要科目上的表现就越好，这说明音乐教育有助于提高学生的综合学业成绩，故B项正确。
6、2020长宁二模
Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work? Amy Wrzesniewski, a Yale School of Management professor who studies these issues, offered an explanation that made a lot of ___41___. Students, she said, “think their calling is under a rock, and if they ___42___ enough rocks, they will find it.”
Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials (千禧一代) say they want from a job. And yet her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling. So, many of her students are left feeling anxious, ___43___, and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure.
What they—and many of us, I think—fail to realize is that work can be ___44___ even if you don’t think of it as a calling. The four most common occupations in America are retail (零售) salesperson, cashier, food preparer/server, and office clerk—jobs that aren’t typically ___45___ “meaning.” But all have something in common with those professions that are, such as teachers and doctors: They exist to help others. And as Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has shown, people who see their work as a form of ___46___ always rank their jobs as more meaningful.
That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization. ___47___, most companies create products or services to fill a need in the world, and all employees contribute in their own ways. The key is to become more conscious about the service you’re providing—___48___ and personally.
How? One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization’s main __49___. Life Is Good is a clothing company best known for colorful T-shirts with stick-figure designs,
but its mission is to spread ___50__ and hope throughout the world, and that’s something even storeroom employees understand. If you work for an accounting firm, you’re helping people or companies with the ___51___ task of doing their taxes. Each job serves a purpose in the world.
Even if you can’t get excited about your company’s mission or customers, you can still adopt a service attitude by thinking about how your work ___52___ those you love. Consider a study of women working in a shoe factory in Mexico. Researchers found that those who described the work as dull were generally less productive than those who said it was ___53___. But the effects went away for those in the former group who saw the work (however boring) as a way to support their families. With that attitude, they were just as productive and ___54___ as the workers who didn’t mind the task.
Not everyone finds their one true calling. But that doesn’t mean we’re fated to work meaningless jobs. If we ___55___ our tasks as opportunities to help others, any occupation can feel more significant.
41. A. progress B. trouble C. sense D. difference
42. A. carve out B. turn over C. pile up D. keep off
43. A. frustrated B. shocked C. inspired D. excited
44. A. meaningful B. demanding C. repetitive D. challenging
45. A. distinguished from B. exposed to C.associated with D. defined as
46. A. understanding B. existing C. producing D. giving
47. A.In conclusion B.After all C. By comparison D. In addition
48. A. as a whole B. in this way C. in public D. on average
49. A. advantage B. business C. objective D. construction
50. A. optimism B. information C. designs D. strategies
51. A. unpleasant B. dangerous C. productive D. urgent
52. A. gathers B. benefits C. worries D. entertains
53. A. embarrassing B. rewarding C. rough D. temporary
54. A. relaxed B. surprised C. confused D. energized
55. A. assign B. abandon C. neglect D. reframe
【答案】41-45 CBAAC 46-50 DBACA 51-55 ABBDD
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过提出为什么很少有人能在工作中找到成就感进行研究，分析了其原因以及提出了具体怎么做的建议。研究人员发现，这主要是因为我们中的许多人都没有意识到工作可以是有意义的，我们可以在几乎任何工作的任何角色中找到工作的意义。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：耶鲁大学管理学院研究这些问题的教授Amy Wrzesniewski给出了一个有道理的解释。A. progress进步，发展；B. trouble麻烦，烦恼，故障；C. sense道理，感觉，观念；D. difference差异，不同。短语make sense讲得通，有道理，根据offered an explanation可知此处表示有道理的解释。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说，学生们“认为他们对工作的成就感还没有被挖掘出来，如果被挖掘出来，就能能找到工作的成就感。”A. carve out开拓；B. turn over把…翻过来，翻阅，移交给；C. pile up堆积，积累；D. keep off让开，不接近。根据they will find it可知此处表示要把那些岩石翻开。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，她的许多学生感到焦虑、沮丧，对他们所拥有的好工作和职业完全不满意。A. frustrated懊恼的，沮丧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. inspired受鼓舞的，品质优秀的；D. excited激动的。根据feeling anxious和and completely unsatisfied可知此处用沮丧的符合题意。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为，他们和我们中的许多人没有意识到，即使你认为工作是有成就感的，它也可能是有意义的。A. meaningful有意义的；B. demanding要求高的，费力的；C. repetitive 重复的；D. challenging挑战的。根据fail to realize可知此处表示工作可以是有意义的。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在美国，最常见的四种职业是零售销售、收银员、食品加工者/服务员以及办公室文员，这些工作与“意义”无关。A. distinguished from区别于；B. exposed to暴露于；C. associated with与…相联系，与…有关；D. defined as界定，给…下定义。根据jobs that aren’t typically可知此处表示这些工作与“意义”无关。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：正如宾夕法尼亚大学教授Adam Grant所表明的，那些把工作视为奉献的人，总是认为自己的工作更有意义。A. understanding理解；B. existing存在；C. producing生产；D. giving给予，付出，奉献。根据They exist to help others可知此处表示那些把工作视为奉献的人，总是认为自己的工作更有意义。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：毕竟，大多数公司创造产品或服务来满足世界的需求，所有员工都以自己的方式做出贡献。A. In conclusion总之，最后；B. After all毕竟，终究；C. By comparison相比之下；D. In addition另外，此外。根据上文That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization.可知此处表示毕竟之意。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查副词短语词义辨析。句意：关键是要更加意识到你所提供的服务——既是整体的又是个人的。A. as a whole总的来说；B. in this way用这种方法；C. in public公开地，当众；D. on average平均，通常。根据and personally可知此处表示既是整体的又是个人的。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一种策略是不断提醒自己公司的主要目标。A. advantage优势，利益；B. business生意，商业；C. objective 目的，目标；D. construction建设。根据but its mission is to spread可知此处表示不断提醒自己公司的主要目标。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Life Is Good是一家服装公司，最出名的是色彩鲜艳的T恤和线条设计，但它的使命是向全世界传播乐观和希望，这是连储藏室的员工都能理解的。A. optimism乐观，乐观主义；B. information知识，信息；C. designs设计；D. strategies战略策略。根据and hope throughout the world可知此处表示它的使命是向全世界传播乐观和希望。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一家会计公司工作，你就是在帮助人们或公司完成一项不愉快的税务工作。A. unpleasant使人不愉快的，讨厌的；B. dangerous危险的；C. productive生产的，多产的；D. urgent紧急的，急迫的。根据doing their taxes可知对人们或者公司而言，税务工作是不愉快的。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你不能对公司的使命或客户感到兴奋，你仍然可以通过思考你的工作如何让你所爱的人受益来采取一种服务态度。A. gathers收集，集聚；B. benefits有益于；C. worries担忧；D. entertains招待，娱乐。根据those you love可知此处表示思考你的工作如何让你所爱的人受益。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，那些认为工作枯燥的人通常比那些认为工作有益的人效率更低。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. rewarding有益的，值得的；C. rough粗糙的，艰苦的；D. temporary暂时的，临时的。根据than可知此处表示两种态度的对比，由those who described the work as dull were generally less productive可知此处表示那些认为工作有益的人。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了这种态度，他们就像那些不介意任务的员工一样富有成效和精力充沛。A. relaxed放松的，自在的；B. surprised感到惊讶的；C. confused困惑的；D. energized有活力的。根据they were just as productive可知此处用有活力的符合题意。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们把自己的任务重新定义为帮助他人的机会，那么任何职业都会让人感觉更有意义。A. assign分配，指派；B. abandon遗弃，离开；C. neglect忽略，忽视；D. reframe全新地拟定（或表达），再构造。根据any occupation can feel more significant可知此处表示把把自己的任务重新定义。故选D。
7、2020松江二模
An artificial intelligence can?accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words. The system may bring us a step closer to ___41___ speech to people who have lost the ability.
Joseph Makin at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms (算法) to study the brain ___42___ of four women as they spoke. The women, who all suffer from?a certain kind of brain disorder, already had a device attached to their brains?to monitor disease attacks.
Each woman was asked to read aloud from a set of sentences as the team ___43___ brain activity. The largest group of sentences ___44___ 250 unique words. The team fed this brain activity to a network algorithm related to nerves, training it to ___45___ regularly occurring patterns that could be?linked to repeated aspects of?speech. These patterns were?then fed to a second network, which tried to turn?them into words to ___46___ a sentence.
Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition was not used for part of?the training data, ___47___ the researchers to test the system. Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity connected will be similar but not exactly the same. “Memorizing the brain activity of these sentences wouldn’t help, ___48___ the network instead has to learn what’s similar about them so that it can generalize to this final example,” says Makin. Across the four women, the AI’s best performance was an average translation error rate of 3 per cent.
Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it ___49___ for the AI to learn which words tend to follow others. For?example, the AI was able to ___50___ that “Bear” was?always likely to follow the word “Teddy” in a certain set of sentences, from brain activity alone.
The team tried transforming the brain signal data into ___51___ words at a time, rather than whole sentences, but this ___52___ the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance. “So the network clearly is learning facts about which words go together, and not just which brain activity is ___53___ with which words,” says Makin.
This will make it hard to scale up the system to a/an ___54___ vocabulary because each new word increases the number of possible sentences, reducing ___55___. Sophie Scott at University College London says we are still a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively.?
41. A. assigning B. conveying C. restoring D. introducing
42. A. systems B. signals C. signatures D. symbols
43. A. illuminated B. discovered C. measured D. stopped
44. A. consisted of B. adjusted to C. agreed with D. focused on
45. A. simplify B. identify C. intensify D. justify
46. A. understand B. form C. describe D. judge
47. A. allowing B. inspiring C. instructing D. advising
48. A. because B. so C. if D. but
49. A. quicker B. slower C. easier D. tougher
50. A. split B. reflect C. decode D. tear
51. A. individual B. common C. modified D. technical
52. A. increased B. decreased C. leveled D. degraded
53. A. furnished B. mixed C. associated D. armed
54. A. passive B. active C. limited D. expanded
55. A. tendency B. currency C. accuracy D. fluency
【答案】41-45 CBCAB 46-50 BABCC 51-55 AACDC
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了一项关于人工智能可以将人类大脑的信号转化成词汇、句子的研究。文章花了大篇幅来描述研究的过程。最终表明将人类大脑的信号彻底的翻译出来还需一段很长的路要走。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个系统让我们更进一步去重建那些失去说话功能的人的语言能力。A. 分配、分发；B. 传达、传递；C. 恢复、重建；D. 介绍、引进。根据前句An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words可知，人工智能能够精确将想法翻译成句，虽有字数限制。因此推断它有助于恢复那些失去说话能力的人讲话能力。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：加利福利亚大学的Joseph Makin和他的同事运用深入学习算法来研究4个女性说话时的脑部信号。A. 系统；B. 信号；C. 签名、鲜明特征；D. 符号、象征。根据后文第11题The team tried transforming the brain signal data into…..可知，他们对4个女性在讲话期间的脑部信号进行研究。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这个团队在对他们的脑部活动进行测量之时，每个女性被要求大声朗读一组句子。A. 照亮、阐明、启发；B. 发现；C. 衡量、丈量、测量；D. 停止、阻止。根据上文The women, who all suffer from a certain kind of brain disorder, already had electrodes attached to their brains to monitor disease attacks可知，每个实验女性的脑部都安装了一个电极来监视脑部疾病的发作。故可以了解这个装置也可用来测量脑部的活动。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：最大的句群包括了250个独一无二的单词。A. 由……组成；B. 调整、调节；C. 同意；适合；D. 专注于。句子由单个的词组成。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个团队将脑部的活动注入了有关神经的算法网络中，训练这种算法去识别经常出现的与语言的重复方面有关的模块。A. 简化；B. 验证、识别；C. 使加强；D. 证明……合法。根据后文提及的AI能够破译一些词汇，能清楚的学习一些事实，可知这种算法可用来识别某些常见的模块。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些模块之后被注入第二个网络，这个网络尝试将他们变成词形成句子。A. 理解；B. 形成；C. 描述；D. 判断。根据前句The largest group of sentences consisted of 250 unique words可知，句子由词构成；多个词形成句子。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个女性至少重复句子两次，之后的最后一次的重复不形成训练的数据的一部分，以允许研究者们测试系统。A. 允许；B. 鼓舞、激发；C. 指导；D. 建议。分析句意可知，最后的重复不构成训练数据的一部分，是为了让研究人员对系统进行测试。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：记忆这些句子的脑部活动是没有用的，所以这个网络不得不去了解他们之间的相似点是什么以至于他能将最后一个例子一般化。A. 因为；B. 所以；C. 如果、是否；D. 但是。根据语境，因为记忆脑部活动没有意义所以它才不得不去了解其它。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查形容词辨析及其比较级。句意：Makin说使用少量句子能够让AI更轻松的学到哪些词易于跟着其他词。A. 更快的；B. 更慢的；C.更轻松的；更简单的；D. 更艰难的。根据后句For example, the AI was able to decode that the word “Bear” was always likely to follow the word “Teddy” in a certain set of sentences, from brain activity alone可知，人工智有能力破译某些特定句子中的词和词的关系。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，单从大脑的活动而言，人工智能能够破译在某些特定的句中，“熊”这个词总是跟在“泰迪”后面。A. 分离、分开、劈开；B. 反映、反思；C. 破译；D. 撕毁。根据上文可知，人工智能能够轻松的知道某些词会比较容易放在一起的。而本句刚好是针对上句举的例子。和上句有关联。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：这个团队尝试，每次将大脑的信号数据转化为单个的词而不是整个句子。A. 独自的、单个的；B. 普通的；C. 改进的、修改的、改良的；D. 工艺的、科技的、技术上的。根据本句话的后半段rather than whole sentences可知，要填的词和后面的而不是的内容相反。后面讲整个句子，前面讲的应该是单个的词。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这次尽管是最好的表现，错误率却增加到了38%。A. 增加；B. 减少；C. 使同等、瞄准、拉平；D. 分解、削减、降低……身份。根据后文，每个新词都会增加可能句子的数量，从而减少精确性。减少精确性故会增加错误率。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Makin说“所以这个系统清楚的学到的事实是：哪些词是在一起的而不仅仅是哪一个脑部活动和哪些词有关”。A. furnish with供给，提供；B. mix with 与……混合；C. associate with和……有关；D. arm with 武装、装备。分析句子可知，网络学习的是哪些词在一起，而不是哪些大脑活动和哪些词有关。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。这将使扩展系统以扩展词汇变得困难。A. 消极的、被动的；B. 积极地 、活跃的；C. 有限的；D. 扩大的，展开的。根据后句because each new word increases the number of possible sentences可知，新词增加了新句的可能性。故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为每个新词都会增加可能句子的数量，从而减少精确性。A. 倾向；B. 货币、通货；C. 精确性；D. 流畅性。根据后句Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively可知，彻底的将大脑信号翻译出来还有很长一段路要走。中间还有很多问题要解决。同时在第7题提到了：错误率有时候会达到38%。精确度不够。故选C项。
8、2020宝山二模
As a child, what did you want to be when you grew up? If you were like most children, you probably let your imagination run 41 . Maybe you dreamed of flying into space or being a famous chef. Then perhaps over the years, your dreams became more 42 . Or you might have given up on some altogether.
If that's the case, then today's the day for you. January 13th is Make Your Dreams Come True Day. If you've been 43 fulfilling your dreams, this is the day to make a fresh start.
It's important to dream because dreams can give us the 44 to succeed in life. Dreams inspire and motivate us. The great thing about dreams is that there's no 45 to accomplish them right away. They might take a few years or they might take a lifetime to 46 . The important thing is that you're 47 working toward your dream. And the best way to do that is by setting goals.
What is the 48 between a dream and a goal? It's been said that dreams are the final destination; goals are the stops along the way.
Dreams can be very 49 . But the steps you take to reach them should be very 50 . Your dreams state what you want, but goals explain how you'll get there. That makes goal setting a necessary step in 51 your dreams.
Many successful people have spoken about dreams. Former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell stressed the 52 of working for your dreams. "A dream doesn't become reality through magic: it takes sweat, 53 and hard work. "Author Les Brown reminded us that dreams have no 54 limit. You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.
If you've been dreaming about doing something for years, start today. Write down your dream, and 55 your goals. Then you'll be on your way to making your dreams come true.
A. fast B. high C. well D. wild
A. colorful B. amazing C. realistic D. attractive
A. putting off B. taking off C. getting off D. paying off
A. opportunity B. direction C. energy D. access
A. pressure B. doubt C. sense D. need
A. seek B. achieve C. explain D. design
A. really B. almost C. always D. hardly
A. concept B. similarity C. comparison D. difference
A. unreal B. general C. changeable D. flexible
A. specific B. abstract C. common D. complicated
A. imaging B. avoiding C. reaching D. believing
A. process B. benefit C. consequence D. importance
A. blood B. determination C. intelligence D. loyalty
A. age B. extra C. space D. normal
A. transfer B. convert C. establish D. devote
【答案】41-55 DCACA BCDBA CDBAC
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。每个人都会有梦想，写下你的梦想，并确立你的目标，重要的是你要一直朝着你的梦想努力。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你像大多数孩子一样，你可能会让你的想象力驰骋。 A. fast快的；B. high高的；C. well健康的；D. wild疯狂的，野生的。根据第1空下句Maybe you dreamed of flying into space or being a famous chef.可知，“疯狂”想象。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许过了几年，你的梦想变得更加现实，或者你可能已经完全放弃了一些梦想。A. colorful富有色彩的；B. amazing令人惊讶的；C. realistic现实的；D. attractive具有吸引力的。根据第2空后的Or you might have given up on some altogether.可知，此处指的是“或许梦想变成现实”。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你一直在推迟实现你的梦想，今天是重新开始的一天。A. putting off拖延，推迟；B. taking off 脱下；C. getting off下车；D. paying off得到回报。根据if条件句的后半句，可知，“推迟”实现梦想的时间。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦想很重要，因为梦想可以给我们在生活中成功的能量。A. opportunity机会；B. direction方向；C. energy能量，精力；D. access通道，进入。根据第4空的下句Dreams inspire and motivate us.可知，梦想给我们“能量”。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦想的伟大之处在于，没有马上实现梦想的压力。A. pressure压力；B. doubt怀疑；C. sense感觉；D. need需要。根据第7空的下句And the best way to do that is by setting goals.可知，梦想没有“压力”。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些成就可能需要几年的时间，也可能需要一生的时间。A. seek 寻找；B. achieve取得，实现； C. explain解释；D. design设计。根据第6空前They might take a few years or they might take a lifetime可知，“实现”梦想需要很长时间。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：重要的是你要一直朝着你的梦想努力。A. really真正地；B. almost几乎；C. always一直，总是；D. hardly几乎不。根据第7空后的working toward your dream可知，朝着梦想“一直”努力。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦想和目标的区别是什么?A. concept概念；B. similarity 相似；C. comparison比较；D. difference不同。根据第8空格下文It’s been said that dreams are the final destination; goals are the stops along the way.可知此处指的是梦想和目标的“区分”。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：梦可以是非常一般的。A. unreal不真实的；B. general一般的；C. changeable易变的；D. flexible灵活的。根据下文But the steps you take to reach them should be very　10　可知，此处与下文是转折关系，指梦想可能是很“一般的”。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是你采取的措施应该非常具体。A. specific特殊的；B. abstract抽象的；C. common共同的；D. complicated复杂的。根据第10空下文Your dreams state what you want, but goals explain how you’ll