2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—语法填空（含答案解析）

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2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—语法填空
1、2020黄浦二模
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,?use one word that best fits each blank.
Lego wants your old Legos back
If you have a box of old Lego bricks sitting unused in a garage, Lego now wants them back. In a new program, consumers in the U.S. can dump old bricks in a box, print a free shipping label, and send them off to Give Back Box, a social enterprise (21) __________ will clean the toys and repackage them for Teach for America and the Boys and Girls Club of Boston.?
“The classic Lego brick is made from a tough material (22) __________ (call) ABS, and the toys can be played with for decades without breaking. It’s already fairly common, of course, that Legos (23) __________ (hand) down from one child to another.” says Tim Brooks, vice president of corporate responsibility at Lego Group.
The company looked for a partner that could process the used toys while (24) __________ (maintain) Lego’s standard of quality. “We want to make sure that all kids are getting a great experience,” he says. “You shouldn’t get a really inferior experience (25) __________ the bricks are donated.” If the program goes well, Brooks says, it (26) __________ expand.?
He sees it (27) __________ one version of the circular economy, a system of keeping materials in use – and argues that the toys themselves illustrate the idea of the circular economy. “You can build a rocket and then you can take (28) __________ apart and build a ship, or a car, or a house, or (29) __________ you like,” Brooks says. As toys are reused, that’s another circular system. “We intend (30) __________ (show) that great quality toys like Lego can be used in lots of repeating circles – used, reused, donated, used, reused, donated.”
【答案】
21. that / which 22. called 23. are handed 24. maintaining 25. although / because 26. may / might 27. as 28. it / that 29. whatever 30. to show
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新项目，项目的目的是重复利用像乐高这样高质量的玩具。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在这个新项目中，美国的消费者可以将旧砖块倒进箱子里，打印上免费送货标签，然后把他们送去Give Back Box，这是一个社会企业，会清理这些玩具，为美国和波士顿男孩女孩俱乐部重新打包。分析句子可知，空白处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是a social enterprise，从句用关系代词that/which引导，故填that/which。
【22题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：经典的乐高积木由坚硬的材料制作，被称为ABS，这些玩具可以玩几十年不坏。分析句子可知，is made是句子的谓语，call要用非谓语形式；call与逻辑主语material 间是被动关系，用过去分词做后置定语，故填called。
【23题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：当然，把乐高从一个孩子传给另一个孩子也相当常见。分析句子可知，空白处做谓语；hand与Legos是被动关系，要用be done；文章用的一般现在时态，且主语是Legos，故填are handed。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个公司在寻找合作伙伴，可以在维持乐高质量的同时，加工这些用过的玩具。分析句子可知，could process是句子的谓语，maintain要用非谓语形式；maintain与逻辑主语a partner间是主动关系，用现在分词（doing）。故填maintaining。
【25题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管积木是捐赠的，但你不应该有太糟糕的体验。此处表示转折，意为“尽管”，故填although。
【26题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：如果项目顺利，Brooks说它也许会扩大。空白处表“可能、也许”，用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意：他把它看成循环经济的一个版本，一种保持材料使用的体系，他认为玩具本身阐释了循环经济的概念。空白处表“作为”，as做介词解时，意为“作为”。故填as。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意：你可以造火箭，然后把它拆开了造轮船、车或者房子，或者任何你喜欢的东西。分子句子可知，空白处指代前面的a rocket，可以用it/that。故填it/that。
【29题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：你可以造火箭，然后把它拆开了造轮船、车或者房子，或者任何你喜欢的东西。分析句子可知，空白处引导宾语从句，做build和like的宾语，意为“任何事物”，故填whatever。
【30题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：我们打算展示的是，高质量的玩具，比如乐高，可用于许多循环使用中，使用、重复使用，捐赠，再使用，重复使用，捐赠。intend to do是固定搭配，因为“打算做……”。故填to show。
2、2020普陀二模
Messages from the Deep
You might consider writing a note, putting it in a bottle, and throwing it into the ocean. People (21) __________ (do) that for centuries, for these and all kinds of reasons. Some messages have made remarkable journeys in bottles through the ages, like the current titleholder for the world’s oldest seafaring note. This one was dropped from a German ship into the Indian Ocean in June 1886, only (22) __________ (discover) in 2018 by a woman walking with a friend on a remote beach in Western Australia.
When the note dried, the woman discovered that the message contained the day when it was written, the exact place (23) __________ which it was sent, and who wrote it. (24) __________ it turns out, the bottle was dropped by the captain of a German ship who was investigating ocean and trade routes. He wanted to see where the bottle would end up, so the note asked (25) __________ was reading it to contact the nearest German officials.
Amazingly, researchers were able to identify the note (26) __________ they found the captain’s original journal from 1886. One of the entries mentioned a drift bottle (27) __________ (throw) overboard on the very same date, from the exact same site as detailed in the note, and even the handwriting matched!
But the captain wasn’t the first person interested in finding out where a bottled message might end up. In fact, the first known message in a bottle (28) __________ (launch) with the same intention. Around 310 BCE, the Greek philosopher Theophrastus dropped several sealed bottles into the Aegean Sea, (29) __________ (hope) to prove that the Mediterranean Sea was connected to the Atlantic Ocean. But (30) __________ is uncertain whether the bottles he dropped ever made their way to the Atlantic.
【答案】21 have been doing /have done 22. to be discovered 23 from/ at 24. As 25. whoever
26. when/as/since/because/after 27. being thrown/ thrown/had been thrown/was thrown
28. was launched 29. hoping 30. it
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了漂流瓶的故事。有些漂流瓶里的信息历久不衰，就像现在世界上最古老的航海笔记的持有者一样。而公元前310年左右，希腊哲学家提奥弗拉斯特斯将几个密封的瓶子扔进爱琴海，希望证明地中海与大西洋是相连的。
【21题详解】
考查时态。句意：出于各种原因，人们已经这样做了好几个世纪了。分析可知，所填空应是句子谓语，结合时间状语“for centuries”可知，可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have been doing / have done。
【22题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这只瓶子在1886年6月从一艘德国船上坠入印度洋，（结果）2018年，被和朋友在西澳大利亚的一个偏远海滩散步时的一位女士发现了。分析可知，所填空应是结果状语，结合空前only可知，应是only to do/ only to be done结构表达出乎意料的结果，所填动词与主语之间为被动关系，应用被动结构。故填to be discovered。
【23题详解】
考查介词。句意：等信干了，女士才发现里面包含了写信的日期、发送的确切地点以及作者的姓名。分析可知，“_____3 _____ which it was sent”应是定语从句，先行词为之前名词the exact place，从句中作地点状语，由此可知，从句应是介词+which引导的定语从句，结合句意可知，应表达“从哪里寄来”含义，用介词from表达。故填from。
【24题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如事实所证明的，瓶子是由一名正在调查海洋和贸易路线的德国船长掉下的。分析可知，“____4____ it turns out”应是非限制性定语从句，先行词为之后主句内容，当从句置于句首时，应由as引导从句，意为“正如”。故填As。
【25题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他想知道瓶子会停在哪里，所以纸条上要求无论谁读到纸条，都可与最近的德国官员联系。分析可知，“____5____ was reading it”应是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，应是泛指“无论谁”，因此应用whoever作为连接词引导从句。故填whoever。
【26题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：令人惊讶的是，当研究人员发现1886年船长的原始日记时，他们能够辨认出这张纸条。分析可知，“___6___ they found the captain’s original journal from 1886”应是状语从句，与主句构成时间关系，即，当研究人员发现1886年船长的原始日记时，他们能够辨认出这张纸条，因此应用when引导从句。故填when。
【27题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：其中一篇记录提到，就在同一天，一个漂流瓶被扔到海里，地点和纸条上写的完全一样，而且笔迹也很匹配！分析可知，“a drift bottle ___7___ (throw) overboard on the very same date, from the exact same site as detailed in the note,”可作为之前动词mentioned的宾语从句，从句省略了引导词that，因此所填空应是从句谓语，与从句主语之间为被动关系，结合时态应是发生在“过去的过去”，即过去完成时被动：had been done。故填had been thrown。
或者考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一篇文章提到了一个在同一天，同一个地点被扔进海里的漂流瓶，甚至笔迹也很匹配！分析可知，句子谓语为mentioned，所填空应是非谓语作之前名词短语a drift bottle的后置定语，与其之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填thrown。
【28题详解】
考查时态和被动。句意：事实上，第一个瓶子里的信息也是出于同样的意图。分析可知，所填空应是句子谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，结合主语“the first known message”可知，应是一般过去时，因此应用一般过去时被动。故填was launched。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：公元前310年左右，希腊哲学家提奥弗拉斯特斯（Theophrastus）将几个密封的瓶子扔进爱琴海，希望证明地中海与大西洋是相连的。分析可知，句子谓语为dropped，因此所填空应是非谓语作目的状语，与主语之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填hoping。
【30题详解】
考查it作形式主语。句意：但他扔下的瓶子是否曾漂流到大西洋尚不确定。分析可知，所填空应是句子主语，无提示词，结合句意可知，真正主语“whether the bottles he dropped ever made their way to the Atlantic”为主语从句形式放置句末，因此所填空应是it作形式主语。故填it。
3、2020徐汇二模
Discovering a Lost Brother
Kieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21) _______ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.
That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) _______ (find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it (23) _______ (label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.
When they connected, it was (24) _______ _______ they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25) _______(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.
Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26) _______(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.
“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) _______ it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.
Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron (28) _______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and (29) _______ he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship (30) _______ it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”
【答案】21. signed 22. to find 23. was labeled/labelled 24. as if/though 25. More surprisingly 26. placing 27. where 28. might 29. that 30. until/till
【解析】
本题是一篇记叙文。讲述了主人公寻找到失散了多年哥哥的故事。
【21题详解】
考查过去分词作后置定语。分析该句“His adoption papers, ____ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name.”，其中主语为his adoption papers，谓语动词为list，宾语为a brother，句子主谓宾成分齐全，故sign应使用非谓语形式，sign与adoption papers之间是被动关系，应填入sign的过去分词作adoption papers的后置定语。故填signed。
【22题详解】
考查不定式作原因状语。be surprised to do sth…其中to do不定时做“惊喜”的原因。故填to find。
【23题详解】
考查被动语态。该空前的it的指代的是one match，与label（标签，标为）之间为被动关系，又因为此处描述的是过去的事情，所以采用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was labeled/labelled。
【24题详解】
考查表语从句连词。句意：当他们联系上时，就好像早已熟知对方生活一样。作者在这里想要表达兄弟俩一见如故的情境，即好像他们很早就认识。故填as if/though。
【25题详解】
考查副词比较级。根据前文的“the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other”（兄弟俩发现他们住在相距20分钟范围内）及该空后句“they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects”（他们上同一所大学，主修辅修的都是同一个科目），可发现后句子是前一个句子的递进，两者之间是递进关系。故填More surprisingly。
【26题详解】
考查动名词作主语。该句“_____(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.”的谓语动词是would give，该句子缺少一个主语，所以要将place变为placing，即placing Kieron for adoption动名词充当句子的主语。故填placing。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。该句point为先行词，而“it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened”实际上是对point的修饰和解释，充当其定语从句作用，而先行词与小句之间缺少连词引导，结合句意及分析句子结构应使用where引导。故填where。
【28题详解】
考查情态动词。该句“One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron ______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption.”Vincent担心Kieron可能会因为将他寄养给别人，从而对他原生父母记仇。作者在这里想要表达的是一种不确定性。故填might。
【29题详解】
考查宾语从句。该句补全是：He was relieved (that) Kieron didn’t（hate his birth family）, and that he’d grown up in a loving family.当句子出现由that引导的两个及以上宾语从句时，其第一个连词that可以省略，第二个及后面的that则不能省略，该空是第二个从句，故不能省略。故填that。
【30题详解】
考查状语从句。该句子想要表达的是“我们一定要不断增进之间的关系，一直到我们离开地球那一刻”，until连接时间状语从句，表示“直到……为止”。故填until/till。
4、2020杨浦二模
A Taste of War—Foods That Were Created During War
The saying “an army marches on its stomach” tells the importance of giving soldiers tasty, nutritious foods. In some cases, foods that (21) ________ (create) for soldiers or during times of war became popular in homes as well.
Today, Fanta is a famous soda, but its beginnings were humble. The soft drink was invented in Germany to take the place of Coca Cola. When World War II began, the Coca-Cola Company’s German branch (22) ________ no longer receive the syrup（糖浆） used to produce the soft drink from the United States. Thus, it created a new drink to satisfy the market and called it Fanta, short for “fantastic” (23) ________ German.
The beginnings of war-time foods in Asia are interesting, too. (24) ________ curry（咖喱） had already existed in India, it was introduced into Japan via Britain for the purpose of restoring sailors’ health. As the story goes, the Japanese navy initially promised unlimited amounts of white rice, (25) ________ was considered a high-status food in Japan, as a way to attract newcomers. The problem was that white rice lacked the vital vitamin B1, and thousands of sailors fell ill after eating rice alone. (26) ________ (observe) the British navy’s standard meal of curry, which contained vitamin B1-rich meat and flour, the Japanese navy began to serve its sailors the same. The curry was so tasty that it soon (27) ________ (spread) across Japan.
The Korean War gave birth to budae jigae, or “army stew” in Korean. It was first made in US military bases near Seoul, using (28) ________ ingredients were available, since food was scarce. The tasty stew typically (29) ________ (consist) of some kind of precooked meat such as ham, American cheese and instant noodles soon caught on.
Many foods were invented at times of conflict to keep soldiers healthy. Fortunately, some of those foods still exist to keep (30) ________ happy and satisfied.
【答案】21. had been created/were created 22. could 23. in 24. Although/Though/While 25. which 26. Observing/ Having observed 27. spread/was spread 28. what(ever) 29. consisting 30. everyone/us
【解析】
本文是说明文，介绍了几种起源于战争时期、现在还很流行的食物。
【21题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在某些情况下，为士兵或战时创造出的食物也在家庭中流行起来。句子主语foods和create之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语during times of war，定语从句应用一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态；定语从句主语是复数形式foods，从句谓语动词应用复数形式were done；也可用过去完成时的被动语态形式had been done，强调定语从句谓语动词的动作“为士兵或战时创造出食物”在主句谓语动词的动作became popular 之前发生，即“过去的过去”。故填had been created/were created。
【22题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：第二次世界大战开始的时候，可口可乐公司德国分公司不能从美国得到用于生产软饮料的糖浆。根据句意，因此应用情态动词could，意思为“能够”。故填could。
【23题详解】
考查介词。句意：因此，该公司开发了一种新饮料来满足市场需求，并将其命名为芬达。芬达是德语“fantastic”的缩写。表示“用……语言”，用介词in。故填in。
【24题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：虽然咖喱在印度已经存在，为了恢复海员的健康，它由英国被引进到日本。根据句意，前一句说“咖喱是印度的食品”，后一句说“咖喱被引进到日本”，前后两个句子之间语义转折，因此用Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句，意思为“虽然”，表示转折意义。故填Although/Though/While。
【25题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据说，为了吸引新来者，日本海军最初承诺不限量供应白米饭，白米饭在日本被视为一种地位很高的食物。分析句子结构，空后是定语从句，修饰先行词white rice，指物，因此用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：观察到英国海军的咖喱标准餐，其中含有丰富的维生素B1、大量的肉和面粉，日本海军开始给水手提供一样的饭食。 主句的主语the Japanese navy和observe之间为逻辑上的主动关系 ，因此用现在分词作状语；也可用现在分词的完成时形式having done，强调分词的动作在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生。故填Observing/Having observed。
【27题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：咖喱非常好吃，很快就传遍了日本。spread可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词；如果spread作不及物动词， 用主动形式；句子叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；如果spread作及物动词，句子主语 it和spread之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，因此用一般过去时的被动语态； spread是不规则变化动词，过去式为spread，过去分词为spread。故填spread/was spread。
【28题详解】
考查连接词。句意：它最初是在首尔附近的美国军事基地制作的，由于当时食物匮乏，就用任何可以得到的食材。根据句意，此处应是“无论什么（材料），不管什么（材料）”，应用whatever引导宾语从句。故填whatever。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种由火腿、美国奶酪和方便面等熟肉烹制而成的美味炖菜很快流行起来。 短语consist of“由……组成”，不用于被动语态；句子主语the tasty stew和consist之间为逻辑上的主动关系，请用现在分词做后置定语。故填consisting。
30题详解】
考查代词。句意：幸运的是，其中一些食物仍然存在，可以让人们感到快乐和满足。根据句意，此处是“keep +宾语+形容词”结构，所填词应是代词；可用everyone，泛指“所有人”，也可用代词us。故填everyone/us。
5、2020崇明二模
Sneakers (运动鞋) Made from Old Chewing Gum
Dutch fashion and shoe label Explicit Wear is hoping to solve one of life’s sticky situations—the annoyance of stepping in waste chewing gum on the pavement—while helping to keep Amsterdam’s city streets clean. The brand has partnered with local marketing organization Iamsterdam and sustainability firm Gumdrop (21)_____ (create) a limited edition sneaker for adults made from recycled gum collected from the city’s pavements.
Chewing gum causes an incredibly serious ecological problem, (22)_____ it is made from plastics that do not biodegrade (生物降解). It’s also the second (23)_____ (common) form of roadside litter, after cigarette ends. An incredible 3.3 million pounds of gum are incorrectly thrown away on the sidewalks each year, (24)_____ (cost) the city millions of dollars to clean up. Gumdrop plans to collect waste gum from the streets of Amsterdam, clean them, and turn them into Gum-Tec, the material that forms the base of the shoe.
The waste gum will be put to good use to make stylish kicks, (25)_____ will also raise awareness for the anti-littering cause. (26)_____ (price) at around $332, the shoes will come into the market sometime next month.
Available for preorder now, the new Gumshoe sneakers—offered in both a bubblegum pink and a black/red colorway—(27)_____ (feature) long-lasting rubber outsoles (鞋子外底) shaped from recyclable compounds produced by Gumdrop, 20 percent of which are made from gum.
Nearly 2.2 pounds of gum (28)_____ (use) in every four pairs of shoes. A map of Amsterdam is made into the bottom of the soles to remind people of the littering problem. Even better, the sneakers actually still smell like bubblegum, (29)_____ the annoying stickiness. Just as good as any sneaker with a rubber sole, the Gumshoes help get chewing gum off our streets and keep the dangerously non-biodegradable substance out of our eco-system.
To help spread their sustainability message, (30)_____ Gumshoe’s creators are hoping to do is to expand their project to other major cities around the world.
【答案】21. to create 22. because / as / since 23. most common / commonest 24. costing
25. which 26. Priced 27. feature 28. is used 29. without 30. what
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿姆斯特丹的步履品牌Explicit Wear与当地的营销组织Iamsterdam和环保公司Gumdrop合作，设计了一款用口香糖制作而成的运动鞋。
【21题详解】
考查不定式。句意：该品牌已经与当地的营销组织Iamsterdam和环保公司Gumdrop合作，为成年人制作一款限量版的运动鞋，它由从城市人行道上收集的回收口香糖制成。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to create。
【22题详解】
考查连词。句意：口香糖造成了一个极其严重的生态问题，因为它是由不能生物降解的塑料制成的。分析句子结构可知此处需要填连词，根据句意可知前后是因果关系，此处表示原因，故填because / as / since。
【23题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：它也是第二常见的路边垃圾，仅次于烟头。根据句意可知此处表示“最常见的”，应该用形容词最高级，common的最高级有两种形式：most common或commonest，故填most common / commonest。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：令人难以置信的是，每年有330万磅的口香糖被扔在人行道上，城市需要花费数百万美元来清理它。此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故填costing。
【25题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意：废弃的口香糖将会被很好地利用来制作时尚的鞋子，这也将提高公众禁止乱扔垃圾的意识。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这款鞋的售价约为332美元，将于下个月上市。price作动词时表示“给……定价”，分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词，shoes与price之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故填Priced。
【27题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：新款口香糖运动鞋现已接受预订，有泡泡糖粉和红配黑两种配色，其特点是持久耐用的橡胶外底，它由Gumdrop公司生产的可回收化合物制成，其中20%的成分来自口香糖。此处在句中作谓语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是sneakers，谓语动词用复数，故填feature。
【28题详解】
考查时态。句意：每四双鞋使用将近2.2磅的口香糖。gum 与use之间是被动关系，且陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为gum，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is used。
【29题详解】
考查介词。句意：更妙的是，这双运动鞋闻起来仍然像泡泡糖，但没有恼人的粘性（一点也不粘）。分析句子结构可知此处需要填介词，根据“the annoying stickiness”可知此处表示“没有”，故填without。
【30题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：为了帮助宣传他们的可持续发展理念，这款鞋的创始人希望将他们的项目扩展到世界其他主要城市。此处为主语从句，从句中的do缺少宾语，故填what。
6、2020长宁二模
The family who eats together
What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, (21) ______ is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week.In fact, the frequency of shared meals (22) ______ (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals (23) ______ have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes.
So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves (24) ______ the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly (25) ______ (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, (26) ______ (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat?dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (27) ______ (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol.
But those numbers, impressive (28) ______ they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure (29) ______ future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time.
The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, (30) ______ is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made.
【答案】21. which 22. has decreased 23. themselves 24. what 25. sharing
26. conducted 27. less likely 28. as / though 29. against 30. it
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处。
【21题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：例如，在经常引领此类潮流的美国，大多数家庭表示，他们每周在一起吃一顿饭的时间少于五天。根据is often a trendsetter in such things可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。
【22题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：事实上，在过去的20年里，美国家庭共享食物的频率下降了33%。根据over the last twenty years可知此句时态是现在完成时，且主语是the frequency of shared meals，要用单数形式。故填has decreased。
【23题详解】
考查代词。句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到12分钟。根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身。故填themselves。
【24题详解】
考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：因此也许我们最好问问自己不一起吃饭的代价是什么。根据we’re better off asking ourselves可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词，由宾语从句中的is可知此处要用what“什么”，且what充当is的表语。故填what。
【25题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁青少年缺课的可能性是其他人的两倍。根据share与逻辑主语15-year-olds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式。故填sharing。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。根据found that可知此处要用非谓语动词，由conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系，因此要用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。
【27题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。固定短语be likely to do“很有很可能做某事”，根据who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week可知此处要用形容词的比较级，表示“不太可能”。故填less likely。
【28题详解】
考查连词。句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但它们可能无关紧要。根据impressive和they seem可知此处是形容词放在句首的半倒装句，根据句意可知连词as / though“虽然，尽管”符合题意。填as / though。
【29题详解】
考查介词。句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是预防未来不幸的措施。根据future misfortune可知此处要用介词against，表示“抵御，预防”。故填against。
【30题详解】
考查代词。句意：通常情况下，正是在家庭聚餐中，家庭作为一个有机的整体，拥有共同的记忆、情感和抱负。根据is at the family meal that可知此处是一个强调句，被强调部分是at the family meal，因此要用代词it。故填it。
7、2020松江二模
After graduation, Susan was asked to become the executive director of the Floating Hospital. She?hesitated?at first, as it was a demanding job and she wondered whether she could?handle?it. But on second thoughts, she?agreed to take the job. (21) _______ this job turned out rewarding, she soon got tired of it. (22) _______ (seat) at her desk one day, she wanted to go down to the New School for Social Research all of a sudden. Since she always believed instinct was an advantage she (23) _______ trust, she decided to have a go.
Without any plan, she titled the?course?‘Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway’. Susan was nervous?as she faced the first session of the twelve-week course. The two hours went on smoothly, but she then (24) _______ (challenge) with a new?fear, for she didn’t know what to present the next week. But surprisingly, every week she found she had more to say. Her?confidence level growing, she realized she had equipped (25) _______ so much over the years about?getting over?fear and her students were drinking it up. At the end of the course, they were?amazed?at (26) _______ shifting their thinking really changed their lives.
Susan?eventually?decided to write a book based on the course she had taught. She faced many obstacles. And after (27) _______ (reject) by four agents and various publishers, she?unwillingly?put the proposal in a drawer.
One day after three years of writing, she went through the drawer (28) _______ she?held her much-rejected book proposal. Picking it up, she had a sharp?sense that she held something in her hands many people?needed?to read. She set out with much?determination,?therefore, (29) _______ (find) a publisher who believed in her book the?same way she did. This time, she succeeded. She succeeded?beyond?her wildest dreams.
She was so happy that she followed her heart and never gave up overcoming fears which stood (30) _______ her way.
【答案】21. While / Though / Although 22. Seated 23. could / should 24. was challenged 25. herself
26. how 27. being rejected 28. where 29. to find 30. in
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Susan克服恐惧，坚持自己梦想。坚持做自己最喜欢做的事。最后成功的故事。
【21题详解】
考查连词。前面的句子讲述工作的待遇不错，后面的句子讲的是：她很快就厌烦了。显然前者是后面的一个“让步”，这里是一个让步状语从句。While / Although / Though都是“尽管、即使”的意思，引导一个让步状语从句。故填While / Although/ Though。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分句部分无主语，故用非谓语动词做状语。seat的逻辑主语为后句的“she”，与seat表示主动关系。seat的非谓语常用seated的形式表示某种状态。故填seated。
【23题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：因为她总是相信本能是一种她可以信任的优势。本题考查情态动词can表示能力的用法。又因为语境是过去时，故填could。
【24题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：两个小时过的很顺利，但是之后她受到了一些新恐惧的挑战。She和challenge 之间是被动关系。这里句子的语境是过去时。且主语是第三人称单数，故填was challenged。
【25题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：她意识到关于克服恐惧，她自己已经武装了多年了。固定短语 equip oneself（整装；预备自己）。故填herself。
【26题详解】
考查宾语从句。介词后的从句称为“宾语从句”。若从句部分的第一个词为形容词（shifting:不断变化的），则可根据“肯定句”的解题方法解题：去掉主+谓，从句前部剩余部分还有名词就用what ; 若剩余部分没有名词就用how。故填how。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分句部分没有主语，故填非谓语。reject的逻辑主语是she。主语与reject之间表示被动，因为放在after这个介词后，所以需要用being done的形式。故填being rejected。
【28题详解】
考查定语从句。从句部分不缺主语（she）和不缺宾语（her much-rejected book proposal）。根据定语从句的要求：若从句主语和宾语不缺，则缺状语。从句部分缺状语应该用关系副词，且本题的先行词为drawer，表示地点。故填where。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。find所处的简单句中已经有动词set out, 所以提示词需填非谓语。根据句意，她带了很多的决心，目的是为了找一个出版商。此处可用 to do 表示目的。故填 to find。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：她很开心的是，她坚持梦想并且从没有放弃克服阻碍她的恐惧。固定短语：stand in one’s way （阻碍）。故填in。
8、2020宝山二模
As entrepreneurs (创业者), we had a vision, we realized it, and now we (21) _____ (run) our own companies. But the dream can damage our "work-life balance."
When the success of the company rests on your shoulders, you've always got an excuse to put (22) _____ else on hold.
What I've learned (23) _____ (face) the demands of a start-up company and a young family over the past couple of decades is that sometimes the best way to solve the work-life balance problem is to think small. Make a handful of lifestyle corrections (24) _____, individually, may not sound all that exciting, but taken together, can prevent you from getting too tired.
Here's my list of life hacks that will help prevent exhaustion:
Work from home one day a week
Few things give you a more grounded, in-control feeling than getting things done in your own space and at your own pace. Instead of leaving the office (25) _____ (clear) my head over a Starbucks coffee, I can fold the laundry, and cut back on evening housework.
Not to mention, working in pajamas is one of life's (26) _____(underestimate) pleasures.
Pencil in time for exercise
It really bothered me (27) _____ with the demands of company and family, my tennis game was going down the drain. That may sound unimportant, but it wasn't to me, (28) _____ it was a meaningful part of my life outside of work. To get some balance back in my life, I rearranged my schedule. Two mornings a week, I woke up an hour (29) _____ (early) to work out with a tennis coach. If sports aren't your thing, try yoga or that hobby that you always loved but let go of after starting your business.
Learn something new, outside the office
It can be draining to always be the person who's supposed to have the answers as a business leader. It's surprisingly liberating to be on the other side, (30) _____ (absorb) knowledge without the pressure to perform or to always be right.
【答案】21. are running 22.everything/anything 23.facing 24.that/which 25.to clear
26.underestimated 27.that 28.because/as/since 29.earlier 30.absorbing
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些有助于防止疲劳的生活小妙招。
【21题详解】
考查现在进行时态。句意：作为企业家，我们有一个愿景，我们实现了它，现在我们经营我们自己的公司。根据now可知此处用现在进行时态，句子主语是We，故填are running。
【22题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：当公司的成功取决于你的时候，你总是有借口把其他的事情都放在一边。此处指其他的“每件事情”。故填everything。
【23题详解】
考查动名词作主语。句意：在过去的几十年里，面对初创公司和年轻家庭的需求，我学到的是，有时候解决工作和生活平衡问题的最好办法就是从小事做起。动词learn后面的宾语从句缺少主语，此处是动名词作主语，故填facing。
【24题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：做一些生活方式的改变，单独来说，可能听起来并不那么令人兴奋，但是综合起来可以防止你变得太累。此处corrections是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填that。
【25题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：我不用离开办公室去喝一杯星巴克咖啡，我可以叠衣服，减少晚上的家务。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to clear。
【26题详解】
考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：更不用说，穿着睡衣工作是生活中被低估的乐趣之一。此处underestimate和pleasures之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作前置定语，故填underestimated。
【27题详解】
考查that引导的宾语从句。句意：由于公司和家庭的需要，我的网球比赛全泡汤了，这真让我心烦。此处是that引导的宾语从句。故填that。
【28题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：这听起来可能不重要，但并不是对我来说，因为这是我工作之外的生活中有意义的一部分。此处是because引导的原因状语从句。故填because。
【29题详解】
考查比较级。句意：每周有两个早晨，我都会提前一个小时起床，和一位网球教练一起锻炼。固定用法：an hour earlier提前一个小时。此处用副词的比较级，故填earlier。
【30题详解】
考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：被解放出来站在另一边，在没有表现或总是正确的压力下吸收知识，这是令人惊讶的。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故填absorbing。
9、2020奉贤二模
Plants Scream in the Face of Stress
For the first time, researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, those plants deprived of water or (21) ______(force) to endure bodily harm can let out their pain. The study, (22) ______ has yet to be published in a scientific Journal, adds another dimension to scientists (23) ______ (grow) understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.
In recent years, it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers (24) ______ (think). They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light. “Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices,” said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany. “They’re living organisms which have their own problems.”
Actually making their suffering hearable, however, is another matter entirely. (25) ______ (test) that possibility, a team led by Itzhak Khait, a plant scientist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, placed microphones capable of detecting ultrasonic frequencies (超声波频率) four inches from tomato and tobacco plants. The researcher then either stopped watering them or cut their stems.
Measuring in the range of 20 to 150 kilohertz (千赫), the researchers found that even happy, healthy plants made the occasional noise. But when cut, tobacco plants emitted (26) ______ average of 15 sounds within an hour of being cut, (27) ______ tomato plants produced 25 sounds.
(28) ______ researchers aren't yet sure how plants produce these sounds, Khait and his colleagues proposed one possibility in their paper (29) ______ as water travels through the plants' tubes, air bubbles will form and explode, producing small vibrations.
All this “screaming” caused by stress wasn’t in a range detectable by human ears. But organisms that can hear ultrasonic frequencies--like mice, bats or perhaps other plants--(30) ______ possibly hear the plants cries from as far away as 15 feet.
【答案】
21.forced 22. which 23. growing 24. thought 25. To test
26.an 27. while 28. Although/While/Though 29. that 30. could/can
【解析】
题考察动词适当形式， 分析句子结构，主语those plants，后面谓语的动词can let out ..，这里force 用非谓语动词修饰做后置定语，plants are forced to do 表示被动关系，所以用forced
分析词性，句子谓语动词有has , adds 所以这里缺少连词，考察非限制性定语从句，先行词the study 在后面从句中充当主语，所以填写which
考察动词适当形式， 前面有谓语动词 adds,所以这里用非谓语动词，根据句意表示：这项研究增加了另一纬度，让科学家增加了对植物的了解，这里表示结果，所以用to grow.
考察动词适当形式，than 表示比较状语从句，后接句子，这里用谓语动词，注意时态，根据句意表示：很显然，植物比研究者之前想的更有敏感性。这里用thought
考察动词适当形式，分析句子成分，句子中主语是a team, 谓语动词placed，test 用非谓语动词形式，根据句意表示：为了测试这种可能性，.........，所以这里用to test
分析词性， 冠词后接名词，根据句意：当烟草类植物被切的时候，这些植物在一个小时内平均发出15声，这里用an
分析词性，连词后接句子，这里表示对比，前面提到tobacco plants 后面提到tomato plants 所以表示对比，这里用while
分析词性，连词后接句子，这里考核状语从句，根据句意：虽然研究者还不清楚植物是如何阐释这种声音的，但是Khait 和他的同事们提出一种可能性。这里用although/ though
分析词性， 连词后接句子，后面as 引导状语从句整体句子是对前面one possibility 的解释说明，这里用that引导的同位语从句，所以用that
分析词性，情态动词后接动词原形，根据句意：那些可以听到极小声音的有机物，用有可能会在15英尺外听到这些植物的哭声。这里用can /could
10、2020闵行二模
A Brief History of Chopsticks.
We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils (器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been using chopsticks since at least 1200 B.C., and by A.D. 500 the chopsticks ____21____ (sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings ____22____ cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there’s more to chopsticks than meets the eye.
Chopsticks ____23____ (develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The ____24____ (early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 BC, crafty chefs figured out ____25____ to conserve fuel by cutting food into smaller pieces so it would cook more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius (孔子), ____26____ expressed in one of his numerous quotations: “the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse (屠宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, Confucius believed that knives’ sharp points evoked (诱发) violence ____27____ (kill) the happy, contented mood that eaters should be in during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.
Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first ____28____ (create) the disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral or brass versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would turn black ____29____ it came into contact with poisoned food.
Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another basic food of Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you’d think that rice wouldn’t make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches (淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is sticky and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long-grain rice. ____30____ chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it’s a match made in heaven.
【答案】
21. had swept 22. as 23. were developed 24. earliest 25. how
26. as 27. killing 28. to create 29. if / when 30. As/ Because/ Since
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了筷子的历史渊源。
【21题详解】
考查时态。句意：截止公元500年，筷子已经传遍了亚洲大陆，从越南到日本。分析句子可知，这里sweep的动作在一个过去的时间点之前已经完成了，要用过去完成时。故填had swept。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：从作为餐具的简陋的雏形到寿司柜台上纸包竹的套装。分析句意可知，这里humble beginnings与cooking utensils所指的含义是相同的，都是筷子最初的形态，要用介词as表示“作为……”。故填as。
【23题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：大约五千年前筷子在中国被发展起来。分析句意可知，主语Chopsticks与谓语动词develop之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，且动作发生于过去的时间点，要用一般过去时。故填were developed。
【24题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的样子可能是用来从锅具里夹取食物的小树枝。这里承接上文介绍筷子的起源，应该要介绍最早的筷子形态，要用形容词最高级。故填earliest。
【25题详解】
考查疑问代词。句意：灵巧的厨师想出了通过把食物切成小份从而节省燃料的方法。这里需要空白处与其后的不定式共同构成宾语，可以用“疑问代词+不定式”结构，相当于名词的作用。此处给的是一种烹饪方法，要用how表示“如何、怎样”。故填how。
【26题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这样的行为也符合了孔子避免暴力的思想，正如他那句著名的话表达的一样。这里考虑非限制性定语从句，后句缺少主语，且从句意上看含有“正如、就像”的意思，要用as作关系词。故填as。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个素食者，他认为刀的尖端会诱发暴力，将本应该在吃饭时拥有的快乐满足的情绪给抹杀掉。分析句子结构可知，kill作violence的后置定语，且kill与violence之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。故填killing。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1878年日本人成为了第一批创造出现在通用的由竹子和木头做成的一次性筷子的人。分析句子结构可知，这里create作the first的后置定语，且the first是create的逻辑主语（这些人创造了筷子），要用不定式。故填to create。
【29题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：人们认为银接触到有毒的食物会腐蚀变黑。这里前后句所描述的动作可以视为是同时发生的，可以用when连接作时间状语从句；也可以视作后句动作发生导致前句动作发生，可以用if连接作条件状语从句。故填if/when。
【30题详解】
考查连词。句意：因为筷子合在一起来夹起黏成一团的热腾腾的米饭，所以堪称天作之合。分析句意可知，前后句呈现的是因果关系，可以用because、since和as三个从属连词来引导原因状语从句。故填As/Because/Since。
11、2020浦东二模
Green Spring Renews Life’s Promise
For me, two of the loveliest words in the English language are “Life persists”. I came across them years ago as a college freshman, sitting in the library on a beautiful spring day, bored, working on a history paper. I don’t recall (21)________ I was researching into. Out of nowhere, those two words came (22)________ (dance) off the page in a quote by Gandhi: “In the midst of death life persists, in the midst of untruth truth persists, in the midst of darkness light persists.”
After those words (23)________ (read) again a dozen times, suddenly I was no longer bored. Outside in the sunshine, I kicked off my shoes and danced barefoot across a spring-green lawn.
I love spring. And this year, I was especially hungry to see it. Flying home last weekend to Las Vegas, after 10 days in California, I looked down on Mils that were so green that I (24)________ almost taste them. When I approached Vegas, the green turned a dull desert brown. We landed after sunset, and the only green to be seen was neon (霓虹灯).
But the next morning, to my surprise, I (25)________ (awake) to find signs of spring all over my yard. (26)________ my absence, all sorts of things had leafed and bloomed. Three days later, I drove to Arizona to visit a friend and get yet another taste of spring seeing the Giants play the A’s in spring training. The drive across the desert was completely great, a variety of wildflowers and blooming cactuses.
Sometimes we need the chance (27)________ (remind) that we’re still alive. After my husband died, a friend sent me a card which read: “Just (28)________ you think you will never smile again, life comes back.”
Life persists, and so do (29)________, in the green of spring and the dead of winter; in the birth of a child and the passing of a loved one; in the words we leave behind and the hearts of those (30)________ will remember us. Spring reminds us that we’re alive forever.
【答案】
21. what 22. dancing 23. were read 24. could 25. awoke/was awoken
26. In/During 27. to be reminded 28. when/as 29. we 30. who
【解析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。这是一篇人生感悟，作者通过自身的经历，以及偶然读到的甘地的一段话联想到生命的意义与坚持。生命长存于寂静沙漠的植物中，长存于冬去春来的绿意中。冬去春来,生命依然长存，而我们也要继续前行。
【21题详解】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我不记得自己正在研究什么。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语并且指物，意为“……东西”，应使用what引导宾语从句。故填what。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：甘地语录：“在死亡中，生命依然坚持；在谎言中，真理依然长存；在黑暗中，光明依然永驻”。其中那两个词life persits突然映入作者的眼帘。come后接现在分词可以表示“来”的方式。这两个词突然从书上的引语中映入作者的眼帘，dancing作为方式状语形象生动地描述了这两个词所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它们的偶然性。故填dancing。
【23题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：我读了那些话十几遍之后，突然之间我不再无聊了。由本句的was及语境可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时且主语承受谓语动词read的动作，即read应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were read。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：我低头看着那么绿的小山，我几乎可以闻到它们的味道。结合语境及so…that…可知，that后面表示的是结果，使用情态动词can表示“能够”，但该句描述的是过去的事情，应使用can的过去式。故填could。
【25题详解】
考查时态。句意：但是第二天早上，令我惊讶的是，我醒来后发现院子里到处都是春天的迹象。由本句的the next morning和语境可知，本句应使用一般过去时。可以使用awake的过去式awoke或者构成主系表的句子结构，使用was awkoen。故填awoke/was awoken。
【26题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在我离开家出门的时候，各种各样的植物如雨后春笋般长出来。in/during one’s absence：在某人不在的时候，它是固定短语。故填In/During。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：有时我们需要提醒自己我们还活着。chance to do：做某事的机会。主语we承受动词remind的动作，因此chance后面的动词不定式应该使用被动形式作chance的后置定语。故填to be reminded。
【28题详解】
考查时间状语从句的引导词。句意：我丈夫去世后，一个朋友给我寄了一张卡片，上面写着：“当你认为自己再也不会微笑时，生活才回来。”分析句子结构，需填入引导状语从句的引导词，结合语境，使用when/as表示“当……时候”合乎语境。故填when/as。
【29题详解】
考查人称代词。句意：生命一直存在，我们也是如此，在春天的绿色和隆冬中，在孩子的出生和亲人的离世中；在我们留下的文字中和那些会记住我们的人的心中。由本句后面的we及us可知，此处使用we作主语，so do we是倒装句。故填we。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：生命一直存在，我们也是如此，在春天的绿色和隆冬中，在孩子的出生和亲人的离世中；在我们留下的文字中和那些会记住我们的人的心中。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是those，指人，它在从句中作主语，通常使用who引导定语从句。故填who。
12、2020静安二模
The Shop Where It’s OK to Be Different
When Angela Makey knew her autistic (患自闭症的) son Adam wanted to open a comic shop, she laughed out loud. She knew he’d been keen on comics since childhood. But how would he deal with customers and suppliers and all the other jobs (21) _________ are necessary for running a business?
At that time, Adam was looking for a job. He had a degree in philosophy and had learned to live independently, but there didn’t seem to be any suitable jobs for him. The family (22) _________ (hope) he and his younger brother Guy, also with autism, could find work that matched their strengths: reliability, punctuality and attention to detail. But there were no available opportunities.
So the “laughable” comic shop idea began to grow on Angela. Eventually, she used her savings to buy a shop in Cambridgeshire, and seven years ago Niche Comics (23) _________ (bear).
Like many autistic people, Adam loves comics for their world of rich detail and visual expression. He developed an interest in Marvel comic heroes on TV (24) _________ he was seven years old. “They are a reminder (25) _________ it’s OK not to be like everyone else,” Adam said. He’s now 30, and comics and their heroes are still part of his life.
In the comic shop, the brothers share their encyclopedic (渊博的) knowledge of comics with customers. The brothers act as guides in this universe, (26) _________ (introduce) customers to new comics.
The shop attracts many autistic customers. And being autistic (27) _________ turns out to be a big help for the brothers to deal with customers. They are good at (28) _________ (spot) the customers’ needs and feelings. “Maybe it’s the tone of the voice, the motion of a hand — small details that most people won’t pick up on — that I might have insight (深刻理解) into,” says Guy.
Of course, the majority of customers who come to the shop are not autistic. Now the brothers get a steady stream of customers who are, both male and female, (29) _________ young children to retired people. Once the shop had established itself, the brothers also began reaching out to people with autism beyond the shop.
Seven years on, Angela is glad she took the risk of helping her sons (30) _________ (create) their dream shop. “This shop has a soul,” the mother says proudly.
【答案】
21. that 22. had hoped 23. was born 24. when 25. that
26. introducing 27. themselves 28. spotting 29. from 30. (to) create
【解析】
本文是记叙文。讲述了安吉拉帮助患自闭症的儿子开商店，鼓励展现自身的不同，商店顾客们获得好评的故事。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。先行词是jobs，且被all修饰，在定语从句中做主语，指物用that，故填that。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态。家里希望他和弟弟能够找到匹配他实力的工作，希望发生在could之前，用过去完成时，故填had hoped。
【23题详解】
考查时态以及短语。句意：七年前，Niche Comics出生了，用be born 表示出生，seven years ago用一般过去时，故填was born。
【24题详解】
考查状语从句。当他七岁的时候，是时间状语从句，表示当......时候，从句的动词为非延续性动词，用when引导，故填when。
【25题详解】
考查名词性从句。它们提醒我们，不要像其他人一样，解释名词reminder内容，只起连接作用，用that。故填that。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。兄弟们充当导游，同时介绍新漫画，分析句型得知，act 谓语动词，介绍和充当之间没有连词，前后主语一致，表示主动用现在分词。故填introducing。
【27题详解】
考查反身代词。本身是自闭症结果帮助这对兄弟来和很多自闭症顾客打交道，反身代词他们自己，故填themselves。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。介词后用动名词，be good at doing，故填spotting。
【29题详解】
考查介词。顾客群很稳定，有男有女，从小孩到退休老人。介词from…to 表示从…...到......，故填from。
【30题详解】
考查动词不定式和固定短语。安吉拉很高兴帮助儿子创造了他们梦想的商店。帮助某人做某事 help somebody (to) do something，故填 (to) create。
13、2020青浦二模
Luxembourg makes all public transport free
One square meter Luxembourg makes all public transport free. With?_a_population_of_602,000_, Luxembourg is one of Europe’s (21) ______ (small) countries — yet it suffers from major traffic jams. But that could be about to change. As of March 1, 2020 all public transport — trains, trams and buses — in the country is now free. The government hopes the move (22) ______ (ease) heavy crowding and bring environmental benefits.
Tiny country, big traffic
(23) ______ (landlock) Luxembourg which is surrounded by three countries is one of the richest countries in Europe. (24) ______ (take) up?_2,586_square_kilometers_, Luxembourg is roughly the?_size_of_Rhode_Island_. From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium,?_France_?and?_Germany_?(25) ______ all be reached by car in half an hour.
High housing costs, especially in Luxembourg City, mean?_more_than_180,000_of_the_country???s_workforce_ make?regular journeys from those neighboring countries every day. Luxembourg is a very attractive place for jobs. But (26) ______ “booming economy” and high concentration of jobs have led to crowding issues.
In 2016, Luxembourg had?_662_cars_per_1,000_people_, and driving is a “primary means of transportation” for people. That year, drivers in Luxembourg City?_spent_an_average_of_33_hours_?in traffic jams. It fared worse than European cities?_Copenhagen_?and?_Helsinki_, (27) ______ have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg — yet drivers in both only spent an average of 24 hours in traffic. Park and rides around Luxembourg’s borders in the three neighboring countries, however, will encourage commuters to use free mass transit.
Free transport for all
Luxembourg’s public transport system covers the whole country and costs $562 million per year to run. The government is putting up the cost of it free so that the people can benefit from the good economy.
People still hold the concern (28) ______ making transport free may unintentionally prevent people who would normally walk or cycle in urban areas. (29) ______ ______ walking 500 meters, people see a bus coming and they say, “We can get on and travel 500 meters (30) ______ it’s free”. However, the new scheme can signal important changes ahead when it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving.
The government might say, “It’s important that you throw away your car, and look, we made public transport free” — and maybe this is helpful given the enormous cultural shift we need.”
【答案】
21. smallest 22. will ease 23. Landlocked 24. Taking 25. can
26. its 27. which 28. that 29. Instead of 30. because/as/since
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为缓解日益加剧的交通拥挤问题。卢森堡成为全球首个乘坐公共交通免费的国家。
【21题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：卢森堡有60.2万人口，是欧洲最小的国家之一，但它却饱受严重的交通堵塞之苦。分析句子，small所处的句子中有one of (其中之一)，要求形容词用最高级。故填smallest。
【22题详解】
考查时态。句意：政府希望此举能缓解过度拥挤并带来环境效益。分析句子，ease所在的从句无其他动词，故要填时态。且和主语 the move表示主动关系。主句表示“政府的希望”，说明从句的动词还未发生。所用用将来时。故填will ease。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。分析句子，此处需将landlock改为形容词，用来修饰后面的名词“卢森堡”。landlocked译为“被陆地包围的，内陆的”。故填landlocked。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：卢森堡占地2586平方公里，大致相当于罗德岛的面积。分析句子，Take up的逻辑主语为后句的Luxembourg。两者之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填Taking。
【25题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：从卢森堡的首都，比利时，法国和德国都可以在半小时内到达。分析句子，划线后面的be动词用了原形。且根据句意，此处少了表示“能够”之意的情态动词。又因文章的时态是一般现在时。故填can。
【26题详解】
考查代词。句意：但其“蓬勃发展的经济”和工作的高度集中导致了拥挤问题。分析句意，此处缺了代词指代前句提到了“卢森堡”。又因划线后面有名词---经济。故需填形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【27题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：欧洲城市哥本哈根和赫尔辛基的人口规模堪比整个卢森堡，但这两个城市的司机平均只花了24小时在路上。分析句子，划线部分充当了主语。且前面有“逗号”。故该空需填入非限制性定语从句的关系词。“非限”的先行词为“哥本哈根和赫尔辛基”，先行词指物。故填which。
【28题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：人们仍然担心免费交通可能会无意中阻止人们在城市地区正常步行或骑自行车。分析句子，划线后面的句子为主句抽象名词concern的内容，故从句为同位语从句。且此处不缺成分，句意完整。故填that。
【29题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：人们不会走500米距离，看到一辆公交车开过来，他们会说，这段路我可以搭公交，因为公交免费。根据句意可知，并此处表示instead of“而不是，代替”。故填Instead of。
【30题详解】
考查连词。句意：人们不会走500米的距离，看到一辆公交车开过来，他们会说，这段路我可以搭公交，因为公交免费。分析句意可知，本句为because/ since / as引导的原因状语从句。故填because/ since / as。
14、2020虹口二模
How Can You Look Your Best in Photos?
Have you ever seen a picture of yourself and felt embarrassed by what you saw? Actually, it’s really all (21) ______ (tie) to how we respond to the camera. With the following tips, you’re sure to look your best.
No. 1 Study Photos of Yourself
The first step is simple: learn from the past. You need to know how you look in photos before you can improve. Gather some old pictures together, (22) ______ ______ they make you ashamed a little. Now look over how your body is placed in the pictures and think for a while. (23) ______ (analyze) all these old photos, you can find a few natural poses you can use in the future.
No. 2 Practice in Front of a Mirror
Now that what works for you in photos (24) ______ (figure) out, start using what you’ve learned from your old pictures, practicing in front of the mirror. Work on your favorites and you’ll be able to mentally pick out a pose in the future – (25) ______ a mirror.
One thing that goes great with a nice pose is a matching smile, so try out several smiles until you find one that fits. You should consider (26) ______ a closed or an open-mouthed smile looks better.
No. 3 Say “Money”
We’re used to saying “Cheese,” but this only creates a fake smile. Abandon the cheese and try out the word “Money” instead. The ending ‘ey’ is the very sound (27) ______ forces the corners of your mouth upward and creates a fold around your eyes. The result is a more natural, realistic smile. Another great trick to prevent a too-wide smile (28) ______ (happen) is placing your tongue on the back of your front teeth.
No. 4 Choose the Right Lighting
Getting some sunny photos on a bright day makes you look good in pictures. But in reality, the sun can often create unpleasant shadows that are (29) ______ but attractive.
Standing right under an indoor light will have the same effect as the sun, which is also worthy (30) ______ (mention), so try a source of natural light instead, such as a window.
And if you know any other tips, share them with us!
【答案】
21. tied 22. even if / even though 23. Having analyzed 24. has been figured
25. without 26. whether 27. that 28. happening 29. anything 30. to be mentioned
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍你怎样才能在照片上看起来最好的方法。
【21题详解】
考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：实际上，这完全取决于我们对相机的反应。此处all和tie之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填tied。
【22题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：收集一些老照片在一起，即使它们让你有点羞愧。此处是让步状语从句，由even though/even if “即使”引导。故填even though/even if。
【23题详解】
考查现在分词完成式作时间状语。句意：在分析了所有这些老照片之后，你可以找到一些未来可以使用的自然姿势。句子主语you和analyze之间是主动关系，且动作先于谓语动词，所以用现在分词完成式作时间状语。故填Having analyzed。
【24题详解】
考查现在完成时态的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：既然现在你已经知道了什么是适合你的照片，开始使用你从旧照片中学到的东西，在镜子前练习。此处是now that引导的原因状语从句，且从句主语是主语从句，单数第三人称形式，和谓语动词之间是被动关系，再结合句意句子用现在完成时态的被动语态。故填has been figured。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：做你最喜欢的动作，这样你就可以在心里选择一个姿势——不需要镜子。结合句意可知此处用介词without“没有，不和……在一起”。故填without。
【26题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：你应该考虑一下，是一个闭着嘴的微笑还是一个张开嘴的微笑哪个更好。固定搭配：whether…or“是或者不是”。结合句意可知，此处是whether引导的宾语从句。故填whether。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：发“ey”这个音的时候，你的嘴角会向上翘，眼睛周围也会出现褶皱。此处sound是先行词，在后面的限定性定语从句中作主语，且the very修饰先行词，只能由that引导。故填that。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个防止笑容过宽的技巧是把舌头放在门牙后面。固定搭配：prevent sb. （from）doing sth.“阻止某人做某事” 。故填happening。
【29题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：但在现实中，太阳经常会产生令人不快的阴影，而这些阴影一点也不吸引人。固定搭配：anything but“根本不，决不”。故填anything。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：站在室内的一盏灯下，会产生和太阳一样的效果，这也是值得一提的，故事的自然光的来源，比如一扇窗户。固定搭配：be worthy to be done“值得被做”。故填to be mentioned。
15、2020嘉定二模
Long-term low self-esteem can cause depression?
Low self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?
Self-esteem is, very simply, the set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. (21) __________ self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not.?Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.
Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom (22) __________ they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care (23) __________ low self-esteem causes the depression or?_vice_?versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely (24) __________ (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that (25) __________ (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, (26) __________ __________ people are followed up over time.
A study on depression, conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, (27) __________ (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression (28) __________ not vice versa.
Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a (29) __________ (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that (30) __________ (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.
【答案】
21. Unlike 22. when 23. whether 24. to be depressed 25. is employed
26. in which 27. contrasted 28. but 29. greater 30. improving
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员进行了一项研究，对比了自尊对抑郁症和抑郁症对自尊的影响，结果发现：低自尊是抑郁的一个风险因素，低自尊会导致抑郁，但反之亦然。提高一个人的自尊可以让他或她感觉更好。
【21题详解】
考查介词。句意：自知之明指的是你对自己的了解程度，与之不同的是，自尊是在你是否喜欢自己的周围形成的。根据self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not可知此处要用表示转折的介词，unlike“与…不同”符合。故填Unlike。
【22题详解】
考查连词。句意：医生在诊断重性抑郁症的精神状态时，可能会将低自尊作为一种可能的症状。根据they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder可知此处要用表示时间的连词，when“在…时候”符合。故填when。
【23题详解】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：他们并不一定关心是自卑导致了抑郁还是抑郁导致了自卑。根据don’t necessarily care和or vice versa可知此处要用whether引导宾语从句，短语whether…or…“是…还是…”。故填whether。
【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：当然，如果你不喜欢自己，你更有可能抑郁。固定短语be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，根据be more likel