2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—阅读AB篇（含答案解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—阅读AB篇
1、2020黄浦二模
Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
( A )
Katherine Johnson, winner of the presidential medal of freedom, refused to be limited by society’s expectations of her gender and race while expanding the borders of humanity’s reach. – President Barack Obama, 2015
Using little more than a pencil, a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101, calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong’s history-making moonwalk, let it return to Earth. Yet throughout Mrs. Johnson’s 33 years in NASA’s Flight Research Division and for decades afterward, almost no one knew her name. She was just one of those unheralded women who, well before the modern feminist (女权) movement, worked as NASA mathematicians. But it was not only her gender that kept her long marginalized and long unsung: Katherine Johnson, a West Virginia native, was also African-American.
But over time, the work of Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues — countless calculations done mainly by hand, using slide rules, chart paper and inefficient desktop calculating machines — won them a level of acceptance that for the most competitive race.
“NASA was a very professional organization,” Mrs. Johnson told The Observer of Fayetteville, N.C., in 2010. “They didn’t have time to be concerned about what color I was.” Nor, she said, did she. “I don’t have a feeling of inferiority,” Mrs. Johnson said on at least one occasion. “Never had. I’m as good as anybody, but no better.”
To the end of her life, Mrs. Johnson refused praise for her role in sending astronauts into space, keeping them on course and bringing them safely home. “I was just doing my job,” Mrs. Johnson repeatedly said so. But what a job it was — done, no less, by a woman born at a time when the odds were more likely that she would die before age 35 than even finish high school.
56. The underlined word “unheralded” most probably means __________.
A. not adequately paid B. not previously mentioned
C. not officially rewarded D. not fast promoted
57. It was __________ put together that made Mrs. Johnson a miracle.
A. her skin color, her gender and the facilities
B. her gender, her intelligence and the facilities
C. her skin color, her gender and her intelligence
D. her intelligence, her skin color and the facilities
58. From Mrs. Johnson’s comments on NASA and her own job, we can conclude that __________.
A. she was confident and modest
B. NASA shows no interest in staff’s races
C. She was superior to most women in her age
D. NASA is professionally organized and supportive
59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Woman Made Calculations B. NASA Marginalized Mathematicians
C. Gender Divided Organizations D. Mathematician Broke Barriers
【答案】56-59: BCAD
【解析】
这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了在航天事业上做出了巨大贡献的美国最杰出的数学天才之一——凯瑟琳·约翰逊。
【56题详解】
词义猜测题。根据此词前一句for decades afterward,almost no one knew her name.“几十年后，几乎没有人知道她的名字。”由此推知，下文中划线词的意思是“以前未提到的”。故选B。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Using little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊在101岁时去世，她计算出了阿波罗11号在1969年登陆月球的精确路径，”和But it was not only her gender that kept her long marginalized and long unsung Katherine Johnson,a West Virginia native,was also African-American.“然而，让长期被边缘化、默默无闻的凯瑟琳·约翰逊(Katherine Johnson)成为非裔美国人的不只是她的性别。”和第三段“They didn't have time to be concerned about what color I was.”“他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。”由此可知，她的肤色，她的性别和她的智慧使约翰逊夫人成为一个奇迹。故选C。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“NASA was a very professional organization,”Mrs.Johnson told The Observer of Fayetteville,N.C.,in 2010. “They didn't have time to be concerned about what color I was.”“I don't have a feeling of inferiority,”Mrs.Johnson said on at least one occasion.”Never had.I m as good as anybody,but no better.” NASA是一个非常专业组织。约翰逊告诉北卡罗来纳州费耶特维尔的《观察家报》在2010年。“他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。“我没有自卑感。”约翰逊至少有一次这样说过。“从来没有。我和别人一样好，但也好不到哪去。”由此可知，从约翰逊夫人对NASA和她自己工作的评论中，可知她是自信而谦虚的。故选A。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中Using little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊享年101岁，他计算出了阿波罗11号在1969年登陆月球的精确路径”。由此可知作者女数学家在航空事业上打破了壁垒，做出了巨大贡献，所以D项为最佳标题。故选D。
( B )
_Order_Status_
_Customer_Service_
1-800-407-4005
our mission our supporters about us
Frequently Asked Questions
_What_is_???UNICEF????_
UNICEF is the United Nations Children’s Fund.
When created in 1946 to help children in war-torn Europe, China and the Middle East, UNICEF stood for “United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.”? In 1947, UNICEF USA was founded, one year after UNICEF, to support UNICEF’s lifesaving work for children.
By 1953, UNICEF’s task was extended to address the needs of children in the developing world. At that time, the words “international” and “emergency” were dropped from the organization’s name, making it simply the United Nations Children’s Fund. UNICEF has helped save more children’s lives than any other humanitarian organization.
_What_is_UNICEF_USA???s_mission?_
We work for the survival, protection and development of children worldwide through fundraising, advocacy and education.
_How_can_I_volunteer_for_UNICEF_in_the_field?_
UNICEF secures volunteers, who must have at least a Bachelor’s Degree and two-to-five years’ experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills, through the United Nations Volunteers program.
If you are a citizen of the United States and meet the above standards, send your résumé to the United Nations Volunteers program at the following address for more information: United Nations Volunteers, c/o Peace Corps, 1111 20th St. N.W., Washington, DC 20526.
If you are interested in volunteering within the United States,?_click_here_to_learn_how_.
_May_I_donate_non-cash_goods_for_emergency_relief?_
Some have asked us about donating goods here in the U.S. for emergency relief efforts abroad. While we are grateful for the desire to help, UNICEF does not accept non-cash goods. Why?
Financial donations are the fastest and most efficient way to provide assistance. Donated goods must be screened, sorted, stored and transported. UNICEF pre-positions supplies to speed up delivery and sources them locally whenever possible.
A blanket donated today can take weeks, or even months, to arrive abroad.?_A_dollar_donated_today_, however, will be arranged tomorrow to buy lifesaving supplies.
We also purchase supplies in large quantities to save money. That means your financial donation will get more supplies to more kids in need than your donation of non-cash goods.
60. Which of the following statements is true of UNICEF USA?
A. It no longer provides emergency fund.
B. It is localized to focus on national affairs.
C. It was originally created for kids’ education.
D. It supports children growth at home and abroad.
61. If you want to be a UNICEF USA volunteer, _________ is NOT a must.
A. required education background B. related working experience
C. American nationality D. educational program participation
62. Financial donation is a better choice than non-cash goods because of __________.
A. the good will B. operational efficiency
C. local assistance D. the reliable supply
【答案】 60-62: DDB
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会)的相关问题：由来，使命以及谈到要在UNICEF从事志愿者的要求和能否捐赠非现金的物品等内容。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干关键词 UNICEF USA，定位文章第二段In 1947, UNICEF USA was founded, one year after UNICEF, to support UNICEF’s lifesaving work for children.可知，1947年，联合国儿童基金会美国分会成立，比联合国儿童基金会晚一年，旨在支持联合国儿童基金会拯救儿童生命的工作。由第二个黑体字关于 UNICEF USA的介绍了解到其使命是通过筹款、宣传和教育，为全世界儿童的生存、保护和发展而努力。结合选项理解可知，只有D项符合文章意义。故选D项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。由题干关键词to be a UNICEF USA volunteer，可以回归文章第三个黑体字所在的段落。本段涉及到如何做志愿者的细节。根据本段中①have at least a Bachelor’s Degree (教育背景)②two-to-five years’ experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills(从业经历)③If you are a citizen of the United States and meet the above standards(国籍)可知，是满足做志愿者的三个要求。结合选项，只有D 项未提到。故选D项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。题干问捐款比非现金物品更好的原因，文章第四个黑体字主要讲能否捐赠非现金物品的相关细节。根据其后第二段：While we are grateful for the desire to help, UNICEF does not accept non-cash goods.Why? 第三段：Financial donations are the fastest and most efficient way to provide assistance.可知，财政捐赠是提供援助的最快最有效的方式。结合选项，只有选项B符合。故选B项。
【点睛】做阅读理解题，找准题干的关键词为定位文章答案起到了事半功倍的作用。关键词通常是题干中的名词、名词短语以及问题的疑问词，理解了关键词，题干也就容易了。进而结合选项找出和文章意义一致的选项。如第2小题，由题干关键词to be a UNICEF USA volunteer，可以回归文章第三个黑体字所在的段落。本段涉及到如何做志愿者的细节。根据本段中①have at least a Bachelor’s Degree (教育背景)②two-to-five years’ experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills(从业经历)③If you are a citizen of the United States and meet the above standards(国籍)可知，是满足做志愿者的三个要求。结合选项，只有D 项未提到。故选D项。
2、2020普陀二模
(A)
Feel the Music
We’ve all heard of smart phones, but how about smart clothing? The CuteCircuit company has stepped up the technology beat and invented the SoundShirt, which was designed specifically for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. How does this incredible shirt work?
First, let’s talk about a little science. People who have either all or some hearing loss don’t actually listen to music the way that hearing people do, but they can feel it. Sound is made up of vibrations, called sound waves, which hearing people can hear through their ears with the help of the brain. What’s really cool is that deaf people sense vibrations in the part of the brain that others use for hearing!
So how is this remarkable technology able to function? First, CuteCircuit had to figure out a way to send signals to the body, kind of like how you can feel when your phone vibrates in silent mode. Those connections the body can feel are called haptics, a use of technology that simulates the senses of touch and motion. The SoundShirt has tiny sensors woven into the shirt to pick up sound and transfer signals to the brain and body.
To test this music-to-shirt-to-wearer’s brain connection, CuteCircuit set microphones around the stage of a symphony orchestra. The shirt’s computer system digitally received the sounds coming from the instruments. Then the sensors, working like little motors, changed the signals into vibrations and the shirt wearer’s brain did the rest.
The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music in a unique way. The very deep musical sound, or pitch, of instruments like drums and basses vibrates in the lower part of the shirt. Higher pitched sounds from instruments like the flute or violin vibrate higher, around the neck and arms. As the music plays, the sensations combine while the brain gets to work putting together all the different vibrations, allowing the wearer to “hear” the concert.
You might think this innovation would look like something out of a science fiction movie, but in fact, these shirts are wireless! And the decorative laser-lined design on the shirt looks like an image of sound waves.
Technology’s purpose is to help people and make life better. Think of all the amazing things designers, engineers, and producers of wearable tech will be able to do for humankind.
56. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Wearable technology like the SoundShirt is the wave of the future.
B. CuteCircut tested the SoundShirt with a symphony orchestra.
C. The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music.
D. Deep musical sounds from drums vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt.
57. Which of the following statements is an opinion?
A. Tiny sensors in the SoundShirt change sound signals into vibrations.
B. Those who have hearing loss are able to sense sound vibrations.
C. Deep musical sounds vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt.
D. It’s amazing that the SoundShirt is made without any wires.
58. What can be inferred about the SoundShirt described in the passage?
A. Before the SoundShirt, deaf people had no way of feeling sound.
B. The SoundShirt doesn’t work without the power of the human brain.
C. The SoundShirt works when the wearer is listening to a symphony orchestra.
D. CuteCircuit is giving away its SoundShirts to those deaf or hard of hearing.
59. The author probably wrote this passage to .
A. advise that companies should focus on applying wearable technology
B. advocate that technology can be used to create products that help others
C. prove that the design of wearable technology is a rewarding industry in future
D. exemplify that musical instruments can be used to change technology for the better
【答案】56. C 57. D 58. B 59. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款能帮助聋人或听力有障碍的人“听”到声音的高科技智能衣服SoundShirt。
【56题详解】
主旨大意题。本题要求选出文章的主要内容，全文主要介绍了一款智能衣服SoundShirt，原文第一段“The CuteCircuit company has stepped up the technology beat and invented the SoundShirt, which was designed specifically for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.”指出，发明的这款智能衣服，是专门设计出来给聋人或者听力有障碍的人的。该句点明了这款衣服的用途，后文均围绕此展开。该句很好地概括了文章内容，是主题句，C选项“SoundShirt可以让失聪或听力有困难的人享受音乐。”与此契合，故选C。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断区分事实（fact）与观点（opinion），涉及对原文内容的理解，A、B、C讲的是这款衣服如何具体发挥作用，有何功能，或听力有障碍的人能获得什么，均为陈述性语句，而D选项“It’s amazing that…”则包含了个人的主观情感和个人判断，属于观点（opinion），故选D。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。原文第二段先对听觉进行了相关科普，结尾提到“What’s really cool is that deaf people sense vibrations in the part of the brain that others use for hearing!”很酷的是，聋人感受这些振动，用的正是别人听觉所使用的大脑分区，第四段也提到“Then the sensors, working like little motors, changed the signals into vibrations and the shirt wearer’s brain did the rest.”这款衣服完成一系列工作后，最终穿戴者的大脑还是要完成剩余的工作（did the rest），下文也有诸多类似表述，故B选项“如果没有人脑能力的配合，SoundShirt无法发挥作用”推断正确，故选B。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求推断作者的写作目的、意图。文章介绍了一种高科技衣服，这款产品可以用来帮助聋人。文中多处提及technology一词，在最后一段作者写道“Technology’s purpose is to help people and make life better. Think of all the amazing things designers, engineers, and producers of wearable tech will be able to do for humankind.”以此作结，作者阐述了“技术向善”的观点，技术的目的是帮助人们，造福人类，并使生活变得更好。故判断出作者写这篇文章可能是为了提倡技术可以用来创造帮助他人的产品，故选B。
(B)
WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!
We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitted from one country to another by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.
Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland!
A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs!
Bringing meat-containing products as presents and for personal use from an EU country to Finland
At the moment, there are EU countries with cases of African swine fever. In those countries there are restriction areas and, as a rule, pork and wild bear meat or products containing these meats may not be imported from these areas into Finland. Import is allowed only under very strict criteria controlled by local authorities. However, the sales of these meat products within the country may be allowed. In the EU, the disease has been detected in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Belgium and Italy (Sardinia), for instance. It is difficult for travelers to know and prove from which area meat products originate and whether the products on sale meet all criteria. This is the reason why we recommend that people avoid importing any meat products containing pork or wild bear meat as presents or for personal use from countries with African swine fever.
PLEASE NOTE! Never leave any food waste or leftover in the environment or places where they may be eaten by wildlife. Never give food waste or leftover to production animals or to pet pigs.
Thank you for helping us to prevent the spread of animal diseases. We wish you a pleasant journey!
60. Whom is this notice intended for?
A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland.
C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries.
61. Why does the Finnish Food Authority issue the notice?
A. To protect endangered wildlife. B. To secure the domestic economy.
C. To promote vegetarian lifestyle. D. To prevent the infectious diseases.
62. Which of the following behaviors is IMPROPER, according to the notice?
A. A Russian official threw a beef burger in a dustbin at the Finnish airport.
B. A Finnish girl fed milk to pigeon at the park in her neighborhood.
C. A Japanese traveler bought some Hungarian homemade sausages in Finland.
D. A German brought German cheeses to his Finnish girlfriend as a gift.
【答案】 60-62 BDB
【解析】
这是一篇应用文，本文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知（具有强制性质），信中对相应的法规进行了普法宣传，并对人们进行了建议和指引。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。题目要求判断本文的写作目的、意图，这是一份官方通知，直接根据其题目“WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!”（我们携手与动物疾病战斗！），并结合全文内容可知，题目中的“动物疾病”具体指的是“动物传染性疾病，如非洲猪瘟”，文章写作目的在于防止动物传染性疾病的传播，故选D。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断选项中的行为哪一项是错误的，根据原文倒数第二段“PLEASE NOTE! Never leave any food waste or leftover in the environment or places where they may be eaten by wildlife. Never give food waste or leftover to production animals or to pet pigs.”可知，要特别注意不要留任何食物垃圾或残渣在可能被野生动物发现并食用的环境中，也禁止用这些食物去投喂动物或者宠物猪，根据这条规定，B选项中“一个芬兰女孩用牛奶喂食附近的鸽子”显然不合法，故选B。
3、2020徐汇二模
(A)
Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other people’s feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile indicates happiness.
Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.
This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to develop artificial-intelligence algorithms (算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out a person’s underlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its “Emotion API” is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study’s authors, however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context.
For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways，such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man’s face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants said the man was extremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.
Given that people cannot guess each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to. “There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people,” he says. “Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learning system. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking.”
56. We can learn from the second paragraph that __________.
A. facial expressions are universal across cultures
B. it is hard to recognize some facial expressions
C. emotions and facial expressions may not be related
D. common facial expressions convey similar meanings
57. In the passage, the word “scepticism” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”.
A. similar interest B. fierce anger C. strong support D. great doubt
58. The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that ___________.
A. facial expression is an important way to communicate
B. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at all
C. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelings
D. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context
59. What does this passage mainly tell us?
A. Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language.
B. Computers can detect people’s mind by analyzing their facial expressions.
C. Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person’s emotions.
D. Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.
【答案】56. C 57. D 58. D 59. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。人脸识别功能已经广泛应用于生活方方面面，但科学家近日发现，面部表情并不能精确地反映出本人的真实心情。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文的“Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.（科学家发现，因为一个人不笑并不意味着这个人不开心）”，可以判断脸部表情与心情之间并没有必然联系。故选C项。
【57题详解】
词句猜测题。根据原文的“Another of the study’s authors, however, expressed scepticism.（然而，另一位研究作者表示了怀疑）”，根据句中转折词however（然而），可以判断该处表达的意思与上文“Emotion API is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them.（表情APT能够通过检测视频来判别人们心中所想）”是相反的，即人脸识别并不能反应出人们内心真实心情。故选D项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。定位到第四段落，根据“Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well.（机器表情识别也需要考量上述因素（情境））”，及根据原文“His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.（事实上，他看起来愤怒的表情实际上是快乐的表情）”，可判断出如果脱离了具体情境，我们就无法正确解读面部表情。故选D项。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。全文都在讨论面部识别与人们内心情感之间的关系是否是正相关，作者通过引述科学家的言论“depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking（凭借人脸表情识别来决定是否录用求职者，依我看是非常震惊的）”来例证脸部识别表情这一功能的不可靠，因为面部表情并非真正地反映出我们的真情实感。故选C项。
(B)
IMPROVE YOUR WRITING WRITING INSPIRATION GET PUBLISHED RESOURCES
Founded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. If you’re passionate about books, authors, and writing, you’ll find everything you need within our pages 12 times a year.
Our editors are interested in query letters (投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging and experienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn to improve their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies will accomplish this?
In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count, queries should include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers to attach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has been previously published in any form in print or online.
Queries should be sent by e-mail to tweditorial@madavor.com. All queries sent to any other address will be deleted.
Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. If you haven’t heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission (投稿) to another publication. If you’re unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, _subscribing_, or at least signing up for our _newsletter_ to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.
Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words.
We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying. It isn’t necessary to include them in your query, but we find it’s a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages:
How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers?
Why is this particular idea timely or relevant?
Why are you the perfect person to write this piece?
We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries.
Payment varies.
Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination, creation, and publication since 1887.
60. According to the passage, The Writer magazine __________.
A. provides practical suggestions on a writing career
B. responds to all the query letters from the readers
C. introduces successful writers and their works only
D. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones
61. When sending a query letter, a contributor must ________.
A. answer the three questions first B. attach a printed version of the story
C. _subscrib_e to the magazine D. include a brief self-introduction
62. What is this passage mainly about?
A. Magazine recommendations. B. Submission guidelines.
C. Published stories. D. Subscription information.
【答案】 60-62 ADB
【解析】
本题是一篇应用文。向有意投稿的作者介绍一些投稿原则，帮助他们顺利发表文章。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的“The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. （《作家》提供简单易懂的产业信息展示、写作指导、激发职业及个人写作积极性，最终拓展及提升专业作家的写作）”，可以看出该杂志是提供与写作方面有关的指导。故选A项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文的“queries should include a brief description of your background（投稿信要包含投稿人简短的背景介绍）”，可以看出投稿人要附赠自己的个人介绍。故选D项。
【62题详解】
主旨大意题。根据原文“We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying.（在投稿前，我们建议作者应该问以下几个问题）”，以及“it’s a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages（它能更好帮助我们理解你的写作是否和我们的页面契合）”，可判断该文是指导作者如何更好地写作投稿。故选B项。
4、2020杨浦二模
(A)
For almost 500 years, people have wondered what deadly disease wiped out most of the Aztecs（阿芝特克人）. The locals called it cocolizthi, and now a team of scientists think they know exactly what that was. The outbreak is considered to be one of the deadliest epidemics（传染病）in human history. For centuries, its cause has been debated by historians. New evidence suggests that the Aztecs died from a type of bacteria called salmonella enterica.
An international team of scientists came to this conclusion after analysing the skeletons（骨骼） of 29 Aztecs buried in a cocoliztli cemetery in the Oaxaca region of Mexico. The scientists obtained samples from the teeth of ten of the skeletons. They compared these with their database of bacteria and found traces of salmonella enterica.
Salmonella enterica can cause enteric fever, of which typhoid（伤寒）is a type. Today, there are around 21 million cases of typhoid worldwide and it is considered a global threat.
The Aztecs were fierce hunter-gatherers who settled in what is now Mexico at the beginning of the 13th century. From their incredible capital city Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), the Aztecs fought wars with other tribes until they ruled much of the region.
The Aztecs ended up controlling large parts of Mesoamerica --now much of Mexico and Central America -- until Spanish explorers arrived in 1519 and brought with them advanced weapons and deadly diseases. The team believe that the domesticated animals, such as goats and horses, which the explorers brought with them carried the deadly bacteria.
By 1545, not even 30 years after the Spanish had arrived, Mexico’s Aztec nation started coming down with a terrible illness. Symptoms included high fever, headaches and bleeding from the eyes, nose and mouth. Within five years, up to 15 million people--- more than 80% of the population at the time--had died from the mystery illness they called cocoliztli. The Aztec people had no immunity（免疫） to fight the disease.
“We cannot say with certainty that salmonella enterica was the cause of the cocolizti epidemic,” said Kirsten Bos from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany. “We do believe that it should be considered a strong candidate.”
56. ________ helped the scientists come to the conclusion.
A. Certain traces of deadly diseases carried by goats and horses
B. Extensive comparison of Aztecs buried in a cocoliztli cemetery
C. Definite discoveries of infected tooth samples from the database
D. Small amounts of certain bacteria in the teeth of the skeletons
57. Which of the following is TRUE about the Aztecs?
A. They had a population of about 15 million around 1545.
B. Their livelihood depended on raising domesticated animals.
C. Their population dropped sharply in the middle 16th century.
D. They won the wars with the Spanish despite being poorly equipped.
58. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _________.
A. cocolizti epidemic B. salmonella enterica
C. the typhoid D. the Max Planck Institute
59. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. how the Aztecs got infected with salmonella enterica
B. why the Aztecs had no immunity to fight typhoid
C. which reason caused the Aztecs to abandon their native land
D. what led to the military and economic decline of the Aztecs
【答案】. 56-59 D C B A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。关于阿兹特克人当年因为何种疾病而出现大面积死亡一直是众说纷纭，最近的研究表明这似乎与沙门氏菌有着极大的关联。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The scientists obtained samples from the teeth of ten of the skeletons. They compared these with their database of bacteria and found traces of salmonella enterica.”可知，科研人员从阿兹特克人的骨骼上采样，通过比对发现了沙门氏菌存活的痕迹，就是据此做出了推断。故选D项。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“By 1545…Within five years, up to 15 million people---more than 80%of the population at the time--had died from the mystery illness they called cocoliztli.”可知，1545年开始到其后5年，也就是16世纪中叶，超过80%的阿兹特克人都被疾病夺走了性命，人口数量急剧下降。故选C项。
【58题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段引用的原话“We cannot say with certainty that salmonella enterica was the cause of the cocolizti epidemic”可知，研究人员虽然不能确定沙门氏菌就是当年流行病的罪魁祸首，但“它”应该是一个有力的候选者，显然这里的it就指代沙门氏菌。故选B项。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的最后一句“New evidence suggests that the Aztecs died from a type of bacteria called salmonella enterica.”可知，本文主要讲述新的研究表明沙门氏菌可能才是导致阿兹特克人大量死亡的原因，围绕发现的证据详述了阿兹特克族群出现疾病流行的经过，A选项“阿兹特克人是如何感染沙门氏菌的”能够反映文章主要内容，符合主题。故选A项。
（B）
60. By using the app released by SOLEIF, people can ________.
A. watch a video about the statue’s history
B. appreciate the exhibits in the museum
C. view the statue from different angles
D. see a life-size model of the statue
61. Where can we find both apps and popular videos?
A. tinyurl.com B. uefa.com C. Apple’s iPad D. SOLELF
62. The following words can be used to describe the Xploro app EXCEPT _______.
A. entertaining B. interactive C. informative D. sensitive
【答案】60-62 C A D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章选取了网页上的一个专栏，介绍了几种不同功用的手机应用和网站。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据New York’s Statue of Liberty goes AR部分的“It uses augmented-reality(AR)technology to bring the famous statue to wherever you are.”可知，SOLEIF开发的这个app能让用户实时参观自由女神像。故选C项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。在提供考拉视频的Get the Lowdown for Koalas部分和介绍app的New York’s Statue of Liberty goes AR部分都给出了tinyurl.com这个链接，可见这个网站是既能提供app下载也能观看热门视频的。故选A项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据App helps young people in hospital部分的“A new app is helping young hospital patients to understand more about their treatment，using games，augmented-reality(AR)technology and a chatbot that answers their questions.”可知，这个手机应用能介绍治疗的相关信息（符合informative），提供游戏（符合entertaining），有聊天机器人（符合interactive）。故选D项。
5、2020崇明二模
(A)
A growing number of American states are requiring schools to teach students “media literacy” skills. California is the latest state to pass such a requirement. Media literacy, also known as news literacy, is the ability to use critical thinking skills to recognize differences between real and “fake” news.
The new law requires California’s Department of Education to provide materials related to media literacy on its website. Its goal is to give students a set of effective tools to “enable them to make informed decisions”.
The media literacy efforts were based on a Stanford University study from 2016. It found that 80 percent of U.S. middle school students failed to recognize an advertisement that looked like a real news story. The researchers also found that high school students had trouble telling the difference between a real and a fake news website.
The study called for more efforts to help students recognize false information on the internet. It said that young people also need the skills to find out where news stories come from, and to be able to judge the trustworthiness of sources and writers.
Carolyn Edy is a professor of communication at Appalachian State University in North Carolina. She said she has seen a clear change in her students’ abilities to judge news sources. Edy said that when students used to read printed newspapers, it was easier for them to recognize fact from opinion. Now, it’s necessary to teach students how to fully examine websites.
One of Edy’s goals is to teach students how to research the news organizations responsible for the stories they are reading. One way to do this is for students to ask a series of questions. One example is, “What is the overall mission of the organization?”
Edy said young people also need to judge whether news organizations identify any possible conflicts of interest. Another question to ask is, “What do they do when they get a story wrong?” Responsible and trustworthy news organizations issue corrections if something is falsely reported, she said.
Edy added that one good thing to come out of the rise of misinformation and fake news is that it has made many people seek out good reporting.
56. The new law passed in California mainly aims at _____.
A. helping students identify fake news B. improving students’ critical thinking skills
C. offering students real information D. enabling students to make quick decisions
57. Why does the author mention the Stanford University study?
A. To present the details of the law. B. To provide a set of tools for the law.
C. To show the reason behind the law. D. To indicate the efforts based on the law.
58. Which is a way suggested by Carolyn Edy for students to judge the trustworthiness of a news organization?
A. Identifying the conflicts of interest in it.
B. Correcting its falsely reported news stories.
C. Learning about its background information.
D. Asking a series of questions about its news.
59. The passage mainly tells us that media literacy _____.
A. can contribute to the rise of good news reporting
B. is becoming much more important with the law passed
C. can improve American students’ understanding of news
D. is increasingly recognized as essential for students in the US
【答案】56-59 ACCD
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国学校培养学生的媒体意识——能够识别假新闻。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Media literacy, also known as news literacy, is the ability to use critical thinking skills to recognize differences between real and “fake” news.”及第二段中的“Its goal is to give students a set of effective tools to “enable them to make informed decisions”.”可知，加州通过的新法律主要是为了给学生一套有效的工具来“使他们能够做出明智的决定”——识别真假新闻的区别，故A项正确。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The media literacy efforts were based on a Stanford University study from 2016. It found that 80 percent of U.S. middle school students failed to recognize an advertisement that looked like a real news story. The researchers also found that high school students had trouble telling the difference between a real and a fake news website.”可知，培养学生的媒体意识的工作基于斯坦福大学2016年的一项研究，因为该研究发现，80%的美国中学生不能识别一则看起来像真实新闻的广告，研究人员还发现，高中生很难区分真假新闻网站，因此作者提到斯坦福大学的研究就是为了展示加州通过这项新法律背后的原因，故C项正确。
【538题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“One way to do this is for students to ask a series of questions. One example is, “What is the overall mission of the organization?”可知，一种方法是让学生问一系列的问题，比如，该机构的总体任务是什么，也就是说卡罗琳·艾迪建议学生了解该新闻机构的背景信息来判断它的可信度，故C项正确。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“A growing number of American states are requiring schools to teach students “media literacy” skills.”可知，在美国，越来越多的州要求学校培养学生的媒体意识——能够识别假新闻，这说明现在美国越来越重视对学生的媒体意识的培养，由此可知，在美国，媒体意识越来越被认为对学生至关重要，故D项正确。
(B)
PAssionArts Festival
PAssionArts Festival this year will run from 6 July to 25 August, bringing community arts to 250,000 residents across Singapore. The festival theme, “Our Home, Our HeARTs”, invites residents to use arts to express our love for our community and for Singapore. Our aim is to bring residents together to experience and appreciate creativity. Look forward to over 500 arts activities and programmes, including visual art displays and performing arts co-created by residents and artists. The following are some of them.
ARTS PARTY @ TELOK BLANGAH TIME: 14 July (9:00 AM—12:00 AM)
PLACE: Talok Blangah Mall
Art can happen in so many ways and for so many people—and that is what Arts Party @ Telok Blangah will show you this July!
For example, you can participate in the large oil painting activity to complete a huge oil painting art. Or carry art in your pocket anytime and anywhere by creating your own matchbox art.
We’re also bringing art therapy to the elderly as it becomes more popular in our society. Come explore Nagomi art, a Japanese art healing method that introduces calm and relaxation to the painter.
HUES IN TUNE TIME: 20 July (2:00 PM—8:00 PM)
PLACE: Kampung Admiralty
One of the most expected part is Hues in Tune’s performance line-up. Sembawang Hues is the highlight with music performances. Fusion Tunes features cross-racial bands, and Our Own Tune presents heartfelt music by talented residents. Come to this festival village!
L.O.U.D @ KAMPONG GLAM TIME: 27 July (7:30 PM—9:30 PM)
PLACE: Kampong Glam Community Club
At Kampong Glam, the theatre performance Voices from the Belly of Carp will take us back centuries into Singapore’s history for new discoveries.
MAD TEA PARTY TIME: 12 August (9:30 AM—11:30 AM)
PLACE: Pasir Ris Elias CC
ARTISTS: Stacy Huang, Jesse Chong and Lena Lok
Mad Tea Party is inspired by Alice in Wonderland. This will be an installation of delightful treats, where residents can gather around the tea table to create “food” together.
60. What is the goal of PAssionArts Festival?
A. To make the country more appealing in art.
B. To develop a sense of togetherness through art.
C. To promote cooperation between communities.
D. To cultivate a young generation full of creativity.
61. Alice, who is interested in painting, should go to _____ to enjoy the festival.
A. Kampung Admiralty B. Kampong Glam Community Club
C. Pasir Ris Elias CC D. Talok Blangah Mall
62. What can be learned from the poster?
A. Hues in Tune’s performances are intended for music lovers.
B. Mad Tea Party mainly involves learning to make and serve tea.
C. The performance at Kampong Glam is about the history of man.
D. Arts Party @ Telok Blangah is specially designed for the elderly.
【答案】 60-62 BDA
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一个艺术节的相关信息。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The festival theme, “Our Home, Our HeARTs”, invites residents to use arts to express our love for our community and for Singapore. ”可知，该艺术节的主题是“我们的家，我们的心”，邀请居民用艺术来表达我们对社区和新加坡的爱，再结合第二段中的“Our aim is to bring residents together to experience and appreciate creativity. ”可知，我们的目的是让居民一起体验和欣赏创造力，由此可知，该艺术节的目的是通过艺术增进社区居民之间的和睦（团结友爱），故B项正确。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据ARTS PARTY @ TELOK BLANGAH部分中的“For example, you can participate in the large oil painting activity to complete a huge oil painting art.”及“PLACE: Talok Blangah Mall”可知，在Talok Blangah Mall，你可以参加大型的油画活动来完成一幅巨大的油画作品，由此可知，对绘画感兴趣的爱丽丝应该去Talok Blangah Mall，故D项正确。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据HUES IN TUNE部分中的“music performances.”、“cross-racial bands”及 “heartfelt music ”等关键词可知，HUES IN TUNE有各种音乐表演，是为音乐爱好者而设计的，故A项正确。
6、2020长宁二模
(A)
When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico, I didn’t check my schedule before I said yes. I’d seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before, and I jumped at the chance to go back.
I had three nights to capture the magical scene in the forest. Camera stand in hand, I hiked with my colleagues into the foggy forest at dusk. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of arti?cial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my camera stand on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldn’t be a big deal, but the ?re?ies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they crawled all over me—my arms, my hair, my face—and tickled(呵痒) my nose and cheeks. From what I observed, peak ?re?y presence happens for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.
On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing in the dark with quick ?ashes from a powerful ?ashlight—and I’d grown accustomed to insects on my face. I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each spot of light is one of several bursts that a ?re?y makes as it travels in a 30-second exposure. You can trace the insects’ paths: Some make small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.
The ?rst time I visited the ?re?ies, I didn’t have the pressure of trying to capture and convey this astonishing scene. That will always be my favorite experience with these shining creatures.
56. According to the passage, the author most probably is a(n) ______.
A. field biologist B. insect observer C. expert photographer D.mountain hiker
57. The author placed the camera stand on a steep and rocky path to ______.
A. make up for the dying light B. keep away from the annoying fireflies
C. obtain an ideal image D. catch peak firefly presence
58. We can learn from the passage that the author ______.
A. was accused of capturing wild fireflies B. endured physically to get first-hand firefly shots
C.was tired of the exposure to dark forests D. got his most satisfying image on the second night
59. What does the author think of his experience in the forest?
A. Fascinating. B. Passionate. C.Surprising. D. Miserable.
【答案】56-59 CCBA
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者是一个专业摄影师，受一位编辑之托前去拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道，讲述了作者的拍摄过程以及作者很享受这片充满了萤火虫的森林景象。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico, I didn’t check my schedule before I said yes. 当一位编辑打电话问我是否可以拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道时，我没有查看我的日程安排就答应了。由此判断出，作者很可能是一位专业摄影师。故选C项。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my camera stand on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. 为了得到我想要的图像，我把相机架在陡峭的岩石小道上，在长时间曝光的过程中必须保持相机的稳定。可知，作者把相机架在陡峭的岩石小道上是想获得理想的图像。故选C项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中Normally this wouldn’t be a big deal, but the ?re?ies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they crawled all over me—my arms, my hair, my face—and tickled (呵痒) my nose and cheeks. 正常情况下这没什么大不了的，但萤火虫对相机很感兴趣，进而对我也很感兴趣。我一动不动地站着，它们在我身上爬来爬去——我的胳膊，我的头发，我的脸——呵痒我的鼻子和脸颊。由此判断出，我们可以从这篇文章中了解到作者为了获得第一手的萤火虫镜头而忍受了身体上的折磨。故选B项。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中That will always be my favorite experience with these shining creatures. 那将永远是我与这些闪闪发光的生物最喜欢的经历。由此判断出，作者认为他在森林里的经历是令人着迷的。故选A项。

(B)
All written work should be proofread to give it that final polish and professional edge. Businesses, publishers, writers and students are just a few of the people who could be your customers if you learn to proofread to a high standard.
In just a few short months our home-study Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Certificate course—with expert personal tuition—teaches you how to proofread and copy edit to a professional level. You’ll brush up on your punctuation, spelling and grammar, learn what to look out for and how to mark up on paper and screen.
You can use your new skills to proofread your own work, in your current job, or add them to your résumé to help you find a new position or gain promotion. But that’s not all. You also learn how to set up as a freelancer and how to find customers so you can work at home for an extra or full-time income potentially earning ?25 per hour. Once you have the skills the choice is yours.
The course is ideal for beginners or to use as a refresher. 15-day trial. Request your free course introduction, with no obligation to enroll. Call or click now!
Specialist course on proofreading and copy editing.
Caring constructive help from expert tutors.
Four tutor-marked assignments.
Help and advice from our experienced Student Advisory Team.
Flexible study programme.
Specialist advice on how to find work.
Enroll when it suits you.
Instant access to course material when you enroll online.
15 days trial.
Advice on how to set yourself up in business.
Continuing Professional Development Certificate.
“This is an extremely helpful course both for those starting proofreading and for those who, like me, need to be reminded of everything we have forgotten. Above all, I thoroughly enjoyed that tone of voice of the author—he writes with authority but manages to keep a light touch.”
Dorothy Nicolle
“I am an English honours graduate but even so I discovered that my grammar was not as perfect as I had believed! After completing the Proofreading & Copy Editing course I set myself up as a part-time freelance proofreader with a small band of regular customers.”
Carol Browne
60.According to the brochure, “a freelancer”(paragraph 3) refers to someone who ______.
A. finds customers mainly online B. gets promoted at work easily
C. longs for the freedom of being alone D. works for oneself with a flexible schedule
61.If you are interested in this course but have not enrolled yet, you may______.
A. make your decision after a half-month try B. have free access to the course material
C.need to show your CPD Certificate D. help tutors mark some homework
62. It can be concluded from the brochure that ______.
A. the course is more beneficial to experts than to green hands
B. proofreading and copy editing are normally paper-pen tasks
C. there is a good market for proofreading and copy editing
D. high-level proofreaders and copy editors are rare to find
【答案】60-62 DAC
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇广告，主要是向人们介绍了关于学习校对和编辑的相关信息以及其带来的好处，呼吁人们报名学习。
【60题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中You also learn how to set up as a freelancer and how to find customers so you can work at home for an extra or full-time income potentially earning ?25 per hour. 你还会学习如何成为一名自由职业者，如何找到客户，这样你就可以在家里工作，赚取每小时25英镑的额外或全职收入。由可以在家里工作并赚取每小时25英镑的额外或全职收入，可知，根据手册上的介绍，“a freelancer”指的是工作时间灵活的“自由职业者”。故选D项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中15-day trial. Request your free course introduction, with no obligation to enroll. 15天的试验期。免费的课程介绍，不需要注册。可知，如果你对这门课程感兴趣，但还没有注册，你可以在半个月的尝试后做出决定。故选A项。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Above all, I thoroughly enjoyed that tone of voice of the author—he writes with authority but manages to keep a light touch. 最重要的是，我非常喜欢作者的语气——他写得很有权威，文笔轻快。以及最后一段中After completing the Proofreading & Copy Editing course I set myself up as a part-time freelance proofreader with a small band of regular customers. 完成校对和文案编辑课程后，我开始做兼职自由校对，拥有一小群固定客户。由此判断出，从这本小册子中顾客的反馈可以看出，校对和编辑有很好的市场。故选C项。
7、2020松江二模
(A)
Have you ever heard of Nollywood? Nollywood is the name of the Nigerian (尼日利亚的) film industry. Nigeria is one of the largest film industries in the world based on the quantity of films produced, placing them right below India’s Bollywood and above USA’s Hollywood!
Born in around 1992, Nollywood is the youngest compared with the other two “woods”, and uses new forms of financing and production. Now it’s in adulthood, and bigger productions have become more regular. However, this was not always the case. Although movie theaters were rare in Nigeria during earlier period, original stories were not. Despite lack of funds and experience, self-made directors began to use commercial video cameras to shoot their movies and sold them for home viewing. Even though this resulted in movies with low production value, the original stories instantly made them a hit. Today, the film industry is the largest employer after agriculture and makes up 5% of Nigeria’s GDP.
Nigeria is a big player in the industry and it is constantly improving its craft, taking on new challenges. Nollywood is known mainly for its comedies and dramas, but we are increasingly seeing horror movies and musicals.
Although sometimes heavily criticized for low production values, Nollywood continues to grow fans worldwide. Nigerian movies now make up 11% of Nigeria’s non-oil exports! The average movie is produced in 7-10 days on a budget between ?7,000-12,000 (Hollywood’s average is around ?60 million per movie with one year production time). This is changing, however, as more filmmakers are receiving proper training and are aiming to make films up to the international standard.
56. What is the advantage of Nollywood?
A. Commercial support. B. Original stories.
C. Dominant comedies. D. Fast production.
57. Which of the following statements about “woods” is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Bollywood produces more films than the other two “woods”.
B. Nollywood is known as the youngest among the three “woods”.
C. Hollywood’s budget for an average movie is much less than Nollywood’s.
D. It takes much less time to produce a Nollywood film than a Hollywood one.
58. We can infer from the passage that _________.
A. Nollywood’s contribution to Nigera’s GDP is second only to agriculture’s
B. Nollywood makes fewer comedies and dramas than horror movies and musicals
C. movies made by Nollywood occupy more than 11% of Nigeria’s export industry
D. more filmmakers in Nollywood are attempting to improve the quality of its films
59. The passage mainly talks about _________.
A. films worth enjoying in Nigeria B. major differences among the “woods”
C. promising future of Nollywood D. features and changes of Nollywood
【答案】56-59 BCDD
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章描述了尼日利亚的Nollywood。讲述了它过去的发展历史，现在的情况和以后的发展趋势。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第2段 Although movie theaters were rare in Nigeria during earlier period, original stories were not可知，Nollywood在早期缺的是电影院但是原创的故事却不缺。故选B项。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段The average movie is produced in 7-10 days on a budget between ￡7,000-12,000(普通电影在7-10天内制作，预算在7000-12000英镑之间) (Hollywood’s average is around ￡60 million per movie with one year production time(好莱坞用一年的制作时间，平均每部电影约为6000万英镑).可知，诺尔伍德的电影制作费用比好莱坞的少，因此可知好莱坞普通电影的预算比诺尔伍德的少得多是不对的。故选C项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段This is changing, however, as more filmmakers are receiving proper training and are aiming to make films up to the international standard可知，Nollywood正在发生变化，制片人们接受培训，电影制作接近国际水平。因此推断在Nollywood，更多的电影制作人正试图提高电影质量。故选D项。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。通读文章可知，文章的第1和第2段描述的是Nollywood电影产业的特点；而第3和4段车侧重描述的是它现在的变化。故选D项。
(B)
Here’s the bad news: Men are hurting, and, according to many researchers, masculinity (男子气) is what is hurting them and making it hard for them to maintain friendships. Society tells men to hide their feelings and expects them to be aggressive, so many men lose their friendship when growing up. The good news is that those skills can be recovered! There are a lot of experts who can help, and here’s what they recommend:
Accept your own desire and normalize it for the people in your life. Way, an expert, recommends sharing articles about masculinity and friendship so that you can start these conversations! Concentrate on them and don’t forget you have the entire Internet at your fingertips, friend!
Model vulnerability. Say the thing that frightens or worries you, like “I’m afraid nobody will go to my party,” or “I miss my grandma every day.” Doing so will make it easier for other people to follow your lead. We are all on the elevator to a society where emotional availability is normalized, and I want you to press “door open.”
Ask more questions. People sometimes feel they might be prying (爱打听的) if they ask someone about themselves—especially when their friend is sharing something tough. But if you get curious in moments of vulnerability, you will open the door to all kinds of growth in your relationship. Take the opportunity to really see your friend and show them they matter by following up.
Get close with the children in your life. Way’s research says that the top priority that helps children (especially boys) grow up to have enriching friendships is to be close with an adult relative who was not afraid to express emotions. So, if you are a father, stepfather, or thinking about becoming one, or if you have nieces or nephews, take the opportunity to be close to them and help them grow up to be good friends, too.
60. What is the common concept of being a man?
A. To have no friends at all. B. To maintain friendships.
C. Not to show true feelings. D. Not to hurt others aggressively.
61. Which is NOT recommended according to the passage?
A. A man should show his vulnerability in front of his fellows.
B. A man should accept and normalize people’s desire in his life.
C. A man should take the opportunity to be close to child relatives.
D. A man should show his friends they matter by asking questions.
62. What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Ways to Help Men Have Friendship B. How to Express True Feelings
C. Ways to Become a True Man D. How to Be Brave to Have Friends
【答案】 60-62 CBA
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章花了很大的篇幅介绍了4种方法，教男生如何拥有友情。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第1段Society tells men to hide their feelings and expects them to be aggressive, so many men lose their friendship when growing up可知，整个社会认为男性要隐藏自己真正的情感且要表现出咄咄逼人的样子。故选C项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第1种方法的第一句：接受你自己的欲望，并为你生活中的人使之正常化。而选项B偷换概念，变成将别人的欲望正常化。故选B项。
【62题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第1段最后一句话The good news is that those skills can be recovered!以及There are a lot of experts who can help, and here’s what they recommend可知，一些男性的交际技巧能得到恢复，且有许多能帮忙的专家给了一些建议。接着文章就介绍了4种方法。故选A项。
8、2020宝山二模
(A)
In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码使用法). That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币). Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institution. Each deal could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to prove those deals safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.
Today, there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Most are still trying to be feasible global payment systems like Bitcoin. They are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry.
One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual "wallets "or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.
Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet. The advertisements invite internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims' money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.
56. What does the article explain about Satoshi Nakamoto?
A. Satoshi's background in international banking and investment
B. Satoshi's grave doubts about the true value of cryptocurrencles
C. Satoshi's close partnership with suspicious financial institutions
D. Satoshi's contribution to the development of the digital economy
57. According to this article, what is true about numerous cryptocurrency websites?
A. They and their users have been robbed.
B. They've revealed the identities of their users.
C. They reward their users with cool prizes.
D. They arrange recreational events for users.
58. What does the article indicate about the cryptocurrency industry?
A. It's had to lay off lots of workers.
B. It's celebrating a profitable year.
C. It's facing some serious challenges.
D. It's set a very high moral standard.
59. According to this article, why are Facebook and Google limiting cryptocurrency advertising?
A. Few cryptocurrencies need to be marketed.
B. They've created their own cryptocurrency.
C. They don't listen to cryptocurrency fans.
D. Too many cryptocurrencies aren't real.
【答案】56-59 DACD
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加密货币行业面临的严峻挑战。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.“消除对中央银行系统的需求将为任何人成为数字经济的一部分提供可能性。”由此可知，这篇文章解释了Satoshi对数字经济发展的贡献。故选D。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.“近年来，聪明的小偷闯入了许多这样的网站，偷走了电子货币。这些网站正在努力保护用户免受此类盗窃。”由此可知，根据这篇文章，关于众多加密货币的真相是他们和他们的用户都被抢劫了。故选A。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Most are still trying to be feasible global payment system like Bitcoin. They are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry.“有超过一千种不同的加密货币。大多数公司仍在尝试像比特币一样成为可行的全球支付系统。影响整个加密货币行业的问题阻碍了它们的发展。”由此可知，关于加密货币行业，它面临着一些严峻的挑战。故选C。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another.“一个问题是加密货币网站的安全性较差，用户要么将电子现金存储在虚拟“钱包”中，要么将一种电子现金兑换成另一种。”和最后一段第一句Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet.“另一个问题是大量的虚假加密货币在互联网上做广