Unit 3 English Around the World
Topic 1 English is widely spoken throughout the world.
一:重点词汇
迫不及待做... 做...有困难 向...求助__________________
在...起到重要作用 在...占主导地位__________________
在...取得进步__________________
为...做准备 擅长 __________________
被要求做... 被视作为...__________________
与...相似 受...欢迎 __________________
成百上千万 出差 ...的数量__________________
main language official language __________________
second language native language __________________
foreign language international language __________________
mother tongue__________________
句型演练:
1. 我迫不及待要出国旅游。(can’t wait to)
.
2. 我与外国人用英语沟通有一些困难。(have difficulty in)
.
3. 在中国,中文被作为官方语言来讲。(official language)
.
4. 这个工厂的工人数量每年在增加。(the number of)
.
5. 在世界上,中文被最多的人所讲。(a number of)
.
6. 在学校,学生们被要求参加户外活动。(require)
.
7. 在学校,学生们被鼓励成为志愿者。(encourage)
.
二:语言知识
Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.
English is spoken as the main language in America.
It is also widely used throughout the world now.
以上三句译成: .
.
.
以上三句都是一般现在时的 语态。其结构是 .
eg :Many trees (cut) down by people.
The earth (destroy) by many chemical factories.
2. I can't wait to fly there!
can't wait to do sth译成: ,
注意“情不自禁做某事”表达法是 。
eg : He (迫不及待去见他最爱的明星)tomorrow.
He often (情不自禁哭泣起来)when he sees a moving film.
3. Is it possible for you to have trouble communicating?
have trouble doing sth译成: , 同义词短语是 。
eg : I have trouble (improve)my reading ability.
4. The population of the United States is 309 million, making it the country with the largest number of
the native English speakers.
the number of译成: , 后面的谓语动词用 (单数/复数) 形式;
a number of译成: ,后面的谓语动词用 (单数/复数) 形式。
eg : The number of students in my class (be) 40.
A number of students (be) planting trees on the hill.
5.The American computer and Internet industry has taken the leading position in the world.
take the leading position in译成:
知识延伸:work well in译成:
play an important part in译成:
eg:Germany .
(德国在汽车制造技术方面处于领先地位)
6. China, the country with the largest population in the world, has encouraged more people to learn English since
the 1970s.
上句子译成
encourage sb to do sth译成: ,否定式为 ,
类似用法的动词有 .
7. Now, students are required to learn English and the study of English.
be required to do译成: ,
知识延伸:被允许做 ,被迫做 , 被告知做 。
eg: Some children (被要求做家务) by their parents at home.
The students (不被允许吸烟) in the school.
三:语法学习
一般现在时的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫主动语态。
如:We the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
主语是动作的承受者,叫被动语态。
如:The classroom by us every day.教室每天被我们打扫。
1. 被动语态的构成:be+动词的过去分词+(by+宾语)
其中by意为“被……;由……”,表动作的执行者。
如:The glass is broken that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如:English is widely spoken around the world. (肯定式)
English around the world. (否定式)
English widely around the world? (疑问式)
Yes, it ./No, it
2. 被动语态的用法:(1)在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态。
如:This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。
(2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态。
如:Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3. 主、被动语态的转换:
主动语态:主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它)
被动语态:主语+be+动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其它)
注意:(1)主动、被动互转时,时态不变。
(2)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动态by的宾语时,要用宾格形式。如:
1)People grow rice in the south. Rice (by people) in the south.
2)She takes care of the baby. The baby (by her).
Topic 2 Some things usually have different meanings in different cultures.
一:重点词汇
为...送行 搭车 上车__________________
让某人搭便车 做/在...有困难 把...比作...__________________
代表 注意 犯错__________________
做调查_________________
句型演练:
1. 在不同的国家,英语讲的不一样。(different)
.
2. 我的经历与你很相似。(be similar to)
.
3. 明天我将要去机场为他送行。(see off)
.
4. 中国人把龙(dragon)比作希望和运气。(compare...to...)
.
5. 在古代,工人们每天被迫工作12小时。(be forced to)
.
6. 挥手和鞠躬都被认为是肢体语言。(be known as)
.
7. 在日本,鞠躬是尊敬和友谊的象征。(a sign of)
.
8. 在中国和西方国家,玫瑰被视为爱情的象征。( be regarded as)
.
二:语言知识
1. I hope I won’t have much difficulty in communication.
have difficulty in sth / doing sth: ...有困难,它的同义词短语是 。
eg : I have difficulty in (give) a speech in public.
2. The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries.
此句译成: 。
be regarded as译成: 。
eg : In ancient times, dragons (被视为希望和好运) in China.
三:语法学习
用现在进行时(be+Ving)表示将来
现在进行时表示将来时,常有“意图”、“安排”(但不是固定不变的)或“打算”含义。
它表示最近或较近的将来,所用的动词多是位移动词。
如:come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin...
例:I (go).我要走了。
When you (start)? 你什么时候动身?
Don’t worry. The train (arrive) here soon.别着急,火车马上就到了。
Topic 3 Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
一:重点词汇
使...被理解 遇到麻烦 感到困倦__________________
取得进步 想要做 放弃__________________
写日记 做笔记 写下__________________
向...求助 / __________________
深呼吸 坚持 找出__________________
害怕 擅长 在...薄弱 __________________
在公共场合 只要 用这种方式__________________
句型演练:
1. 我害怕犯错,所以我不敢回答问题。(dare )
.
2. 我害怕犯错,所以我不敢回答问题。(dare )
.
3. 你应该尽可能经常的和我联系。(as...as possible)
.
4. 只要我们坚持努力工作,我们的梦想将会实现。(stick to)
.
5. 与你们分享我的学习经验是我的荣幸。(It’s one’s honer to...)
.
6. 我们还没有决定什么时候出发。(decide)
.
7. 我现在什么都不想吃。(feel like)
.
8. 英语老师经常建议我们课后复习。(advise...to...)
.
9. 我比其他人更容易受伤。(easy)
.
二:语言知识
1. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A.?.
make oneself understood译成: ,understood是动词的 形式.
eg: Sometimes it’s difficult for foreigners to (使他们自己被理解) in China.
2. I dare not speak English in public.
dare 译成“敢”,既是行为动词,也是情态动词。
当动词用时,敢做某事 : 不敢做某事 :
当情态动词用时,敢做某事 : 不敢做某事 :
原句中的 dare是当 词来用。
eg: Most students ( 不敢讲话) when Mr Lin is having a class.
Most students ( 不敢讲话) when Mr Lin is having a class.
3. Think about your answer, take a deep breath and smile, and then answer the questions.
此句译成: 。
take a deep breath译成: , 其中breath是 词,它的动词写法是 。
eg: He (深深地吸了一口气) near the river and then jumped into it.
He (深深地吸了一口气) near the river and then jumped into it.
4. Shu Yan told us we should speak English with our teachers, classmates and even with foreigners as often as
possible.
这句话译成:
as often as possible译成 , as adj/adv as possible译成:尽可能的…
eg: as soon as possible译成 ,
as more as possible译成 ,
as loudly as possible译成 ,
5. I’m sure that you will make great progress as long as you stick to them.
这句话译成:
①as long as译成 , 引导的是 状语从句。
②stick to译成 , 后面可以跟名词,代词和动词,但动词要用 形式。
eg: As long as LiMing (learn) some learning ways, he (make) progress in English.
As long as we stick to (do) more reading, we (improve) our reading ability.
三:语法学习
wh- +to do
wh-是指what, when, where, which, who及how等连接词,它们和动词不定式连用,即为wh- +to do结构。这
种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语,作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说,wh- +to do这个
不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作,所以在转换成宾语从句时,通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)
如:I don’t know (做什么).=I don’t know what I should do.
She can’t decide (买哪个).=she can’t decide which she will buy.
反之,如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时,宾语从句(由疑问词引导)通常可以与“疑问词+不定
式”互相转换。
如:I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.
如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)
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