中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
完形填空不仅考查学生对所学词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的阅读能力；不仅考查学生的知识背景，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解等综合能力。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。
由于学生缺乏对完形填空题型的正确了解以及平时的训练方法不当，导致做题时得分率低。以下结合对上海高考完形填空真题的研究，总结若干完形填空题的解题策略。
（一）、利用文章首句信息解题
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。
【例1】
The
term
home
schooling
means
educating
children
at
home
or
in
places
other
than
a
normal
setting
such
as
a
public
or
private
school.
There
are
many
reasons
why
parents
choose
home
schooling
for
their
children.
Some
parents…….Still
other
parents
choose
this
type
of
__48__
for
religious
reasons.
48.
A.
activity
B.
education
C.
behavior
D.
belief
【解析】首句告诉了我们短文是讲什么的。看到文章的首句或前几句我们就不难推断：选文讲的是家庭教育（home
schooling）有关的问题。home
schooling
涵义是什么？人们为什么要选择home
schooling？这正是后面文章要讲的。而随后命题者所给第一个空格正是围绕home
schooling来设置的，考生只要把握好了文章首句就可以轻松地选择B（education）。
【例2】One
topic
is
rarely
mentioned
in
all
the
talk
of
improving
standards
in
our
schools:
the
almost
complete
failure
of
foreign-language
teaching.
As
a
French
graduate
who
has
taught
for
more
than
twenty-five
years,
I
believe
I
have
some
idea
of
why
the
failure
is
so
total.
21
the
faults
already
found
out
in
the
education
system
as
a
whole
—
such
as
child-centred
learning,
the
“discovery”
method,
and
the
low
expectations
by
teachers
of
pupils
—
there
have
been
several
serious
22
which
have
a
direct
effect
on
language
teaching.
21.
A.
Due
to
B.
In
addition
to
C.
Instead
of
D.
In
spite
of
22.
A.
errors
B.
situations
C.
systems
D.
methods
【解析】通过研读文章首句就能显然看出：文章是以一个外语教师的视角来讲述外语教学的改革是一场彻底的失败。我们可以从此句推测本文的发展脉络——为什么失败？导致失败的因素又有哪些？这些正是后面文章所要讲述的有关内容，故在读下面段落时,可以根据这一线索来理解和选择答案。答案选择BA。
（二）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题
完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
【例1】
Are
your
table
manners
much
better
when
you
are
eating
at
a
friend’s
home
or
in
a
restaurant
than
they
are
at
your
own
home?
Probably
so,
45
you
are
aware
that
people
judge
you
by
your
table
manners.
45.
A.
because
B.
but
C.
unless
D.
though
【解析】你之所以在朋友家或餐馆的用餐礼仪比在自家时要好，是因为你知道人们会据此来评判一个人文明程度。不难判断
“you
are
aware
that
people
judge
you
by
your
table
manners”是表达前文的理由，前后句是因果关系，故用连词because。
【例2】
As
a
French
graduate
who
has
taught
for
more
than
twenty-five
years,
I
believe
I
have
some
idea
of
why
the
failure
is
so
total.
55
the
faults
already
found
out
in
the
education
system
as
a
whole
—
such
as
child-centered
learning,
the
“discovery”
method,
and
the
low
expectations
by
teachers
of
pupils
—
there
have
been
several
serious
56
which
have
a
direct
effect
on
language
teaching.
55.
A.
Due
to
B.
In
addition
to
C.
Instead
of
D.
In
spite
of
【解析】选项为介词短语，分别解释为“由于”、“除……外”、“代替”、“尽管”。理解上下文语境可知其逻辑关系是列举补充关系，故选B。该段主旨是：语言教学失败除了自身原因外，还有其它诸因素的直接影响。下文破折号后的there
have
been
several…为判断其逻辑关系提供了线索。
【例3】
Being
alone
in
outer
space
can
be
frightening.
That
is
one
reason
why
astronauts
on
solo（单独的）
space
flight
were
given
plenty
of
work
to
keep
them
45
.
They
were
also
in
constant
communication
with
people
on
the
earth,
46
,
being
with
people
from
whom
you
cannot
get
away
might
be
even
harder
than
being
alone.
46.
A.
So
far
B.
After
all
C.
However
D.
Therefore
【解析】选项都是关联词，意思分别为“到目前为止”、“毕竟”、“然而”、“因此”。上句话的意思是讲太空之旅的孤独感让人恐惧，所以宇航员作业时忙于大量工作使其忘却孤独；下句话的意思是讲和你始终不能摆脱的人呆在一起比孤独带来的恐惧有过之而无不及(even
harder
than
being
alone)。由此可知，这两句是提出了截然相反的观点，因此选C(However)，表示转折关系。文章需要把前后所讲到的事物联系起来，因而必然用到各类篇章粘合手段，关联词的使用就是其一。
（三）、利用排比结构解题
“排比结构”指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。排比结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。试题命制者常从排比结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。
【例1】
Many
people
now
think
that
teachers
give
pupils
too
much
homework.
They
say
that
it
is
51
for
children
to
work
at
home
in
their
free
time.
52,
they
argue
that
most
teachers
do
not
53
plan
the
homework
tasks
they
give
to
pupils.
51.
A.
unnecessary
B.
uninteresting
C.
unfortunate
D.
unimportant
52.
A.
Nevertheless
B.
However
C.
Therefore
D.
Moreover
53.
A.
considerably
B.
favorably
C.
properly
D.
pleasantly
【解析】该排比结构由Many
people
think
that...They
say
that...they
argue
that...所组成。在意义上表现了人们（学生家长）对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格要求考生首先把握结构所体现的“主题”
——
抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即：作业过多“too
much
homework”；所以，课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”；不仅如此，教师对作业的设计也不合适“not
properly”。故答案分别为A，D，C。
（四）、利用词汇复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
【例1】This
is
what
happens
on
long
submarine（潜水艇）
voyages.
It
will
also
happen
on
47
space
flights
in
the
future.
Will
there
be
special
problems
of
adjustment
under
such
conditions?
47．A．long
B．fast
C．dangerous
D．Direct
【例2】What
then
is
the
future
of
education?
Will
this
new
model
of
schooling
replace
normal
schools?
Will
computers
and
the
Internet
__51__
our
classrooms
and
teachers?
51.
A.
replace
B.
reserve
C.
represent
D.
release
【例3】
Some
parents…….Still
other
parents
choose
this
type
of
__48__
for
religious
reasons.
Whatever
the
__49__
may
be,
it
is
evident
that
more
and
more
children
are
being
taken
out
of
normal
schools
every
year.
49.
A.
effects
B.
suggestions
C.
reasons
D.
pressures
【例4】Many
firms
already
claim
to
be
“customer-driven”
or
“consumer-centered”.
Now
their
62
will
be
tested
as
never
before.
62.
A.
information
B.
investment
C.
claims
D.
shops
【例5】Good
manners
at
mealtimes
help
you
and
those
around
you
to
feel
49
.
This
is
true
at
home
as
much
as
it
is
true
in
someone
else’s
home
or
in
a
restaurant.
Good
50
make
meals
more
enjoyable
for
everyone
at
the
table.
50.
A.
dishes
B.
manners
C.
atmospheres
D.
friends
【解析】
我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇long;
replace；reasons;
claim;
manners。故答案分别为A;
A;
C;
C;
B。
（五）、利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。
【例1】A
pupil
who
can
do
his
homework
in
a
quiet
and
59
room
is
in
a
much
better
position
than
a
pupil
who
does
his
homework
in
a
small,
noisy
room
with
the
television
on.
59.
A.
furnished
B.
expensive
C.
comfortable
D.
suitable
【解析】 该题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a
small,
noisy
room
with
the
television
on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。
【例2】He
had
always
been
interested
in
medicine
and
had
read
a
book,
which
discussed
the
idea
of
how
body
chemistry
and
health
can
be
damaged
by
emotional
stress
and
negative
__47__.
The
book
made
Cousins
think
about
the
possible
__48__
of
positive
attitudes
and
emotions.
47.
A.
attitudes
B.
beliefs
C.
goals
D.
positions
48.
A.
shortcoming
B.
harm
C.
benefit
D.
interest
【解析】 这两题均考查根据上下文选择正确的名词。上句意为“……书中讨论到紧张的情绪和消极的态度都会损害人体组织和健康”，所以A选项为正确答案。紧接着上文，下句意为“这本书使Cousins考虑到，积极的态度和情感可能带来的益处”，所以选项C为正确答案。上句中的negative
attitude,
damaged等词与下句中的positive
attitude,
benefit形成对照，是解题关键。
（六）、利用词汇差异解题
词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。
【例1】Good
manners
at
mealtimes
help
you
and
those
around
you
to
feel
49.
This
is
true
at
home
as
much
as
it
is
true
in
someone
else’s
home
or
in
a
restaurant.
49.
A.
comfortable
B.
stressed
C.
depressed
D.
outstanding
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析，前三个选项往往用来形容人的情感，意思分别是“舒服的”、“压力的”、“沮丧的”；后一个选项常用来指人的才能，意思是“杰出的、非凡的”。单从语法来说，每一个选项似乎都对，但是结合句意“好的用餐礼仪会使你和你周围的人感到舒服”，显然只能选A。
【例2】When
men
are
49
together
for
a
long
period,
they
begin
to
feel
uneasy.
49．A．shut
up
B．held
up
C．brought
up
D．picked
up
【解析】考查动词词组的比较，它们意思相差很大，需从语篇出发，揣测作者本意。即不同行为习惯的人长时间被关在潜水艇里，彼此会感到非常不自在。只能选择shut
up。B项“阻止”、C项“抚养”、D项“拾起、接受”意思都不合适。
【例3】Another
important
error
is
mixed-ability
teaching,
or
teaching
in
ability
groups
so
(wide)
that
the
most
able
pupils
are
59
and
are
bored
while
the
least
able
are
lost
and
60
bored.
59．A．kept
out
B．turned
down
C．help
back
D．left
behind
60．A．surprisingly
B．individually
C．equally
D．regularly
【解析】第59题考查动词短语辨析。词义分别是“保持……在外”、“拒绝；
把……关小”、“阻止；抑制”、“使……在后面”。只要能识别各选项含义，再结合句意：在不同水平的学习小组里，水平高的学生能力会受到“抑制”，从而得不到发展，对学习产生厌倦，故答案为C（抑制）。第60题答案为C。根据前一句的分析，在学习小组中，能力强的学生受到“抑制”，对学习产生厌倦，而能力弱的学生也跟不上，故“同样地”也对学习产生厌倦。equally“相等地”在此处引申为“同样地”解
（相当于similarly）。考生只要辩明词义，就不难做出选择。
【例4】People
who
are
well-adjusted
are
able
to
53
stress
situations
better
than
others.
That
is
one
reason
why
so
much
care
is
taken
in
54
our
astronauts.
These
men
undergo
a
long
period
of
testing
and
training.
One
of
the
things
tested
is
their
behavior
under
stress.
53.
A.
handle
B.
create
C.
affect
D.
investigate
54.
A.
becoming
B.
choosing
C.
ordering
D.
promoting
【解析】第53题，都是动词选项。解题关键看语境需要，该句子意思是：“心理调整很好的人能够比其他人更好地处理有压力的情形。”B项“创造”、C项“影响”、D项“调查”意思都不合适。所以选择A项“处理”。第54题，也是考动词。选项都是由动词转化为动名词形式，其实，它们的意思差异很大。理解文章主旨大意后便知：“在挑选宇航员时，必须测试他们在压力情形下的行为表现，决定其能否胜任该职业”，
A项“成为”、C项“命令”、D项“提升”意思都不符合语境。故选B项“挑选”。
【例5】The
first
is
the
removal
from
the
curriculum（课程）of
the
thorough
teaching
of
English
57
.
Pupils
now
do
not
know
a
verb
from
a
noun,
the
subject
of
a
sentence
from
its
object,
or
the
difference
between
the
past,
present,
or
future.
57．A．vocabulary
B．culture
C．grammar
D．literature
【解析】本题考察名词的辨析。联系下文的句子
“…a
verb
from
a
noun,
the
subject
of
a
sentence
from
its
object,
or
the
difference
between
the
past,
present,
or
future
”,
所有这些叙述都是和
“grammar”有关的术语，A是
“词汇”；B是“文化”；D是“文学”，显然答案为C。
（七）、利用作者情感态度来解题
第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。
【例1】When
men
are
held
up
together
for
a
long
period,
they
begin
to
feel
uneasy.
Everyone
has
little
habits
of
speaking
and
behaving
that
are
ordinarily
acceptable.
In
the
limited
space
over
a
long
period
of
time,
however,
these
little
habits
may
become
very
50
.
50．A．pleasing
B．annoying
C．common
D．valuable
【解析】B
选项为形容词。结合上下文，意思是在狭小的空间里呆的时间过长，平时习惯的小动作也变得令人不能容忍了。上文they
begin
to
feel
uneasy是提示。A项“令人高兴的”、C项“普通的”、D项“有价值的”意思都不符合语境。只有B项annoying与上文中的uneasy在作者的情感态度上最接近。
【例2】The
law
of
over
learning
explains
why
cramming
(突击学习)
for
an
examination,
62.
though
it
may
result
in
a
passing
grade,
is
not
a
63
way
to
learn
a
school
course.
63.
A.
convenient
B.
demanding
C.
satisfactory
D.
swift
【解析】读懂作者的态度，即可理解本句意为“超量学习的原理解释了为什么虽然应付考试的突击学习可以帮助你及格，但不是一种学习学校课程的好方法”。这里的“好”就是“令人满意的”，最能体现作者对事物的态度，所以答案为C。
【例3】Experts
fear
that
the
tendency
for
women
to
use
most
of
the
parental
leave
could
make
employers
70
go
give
young
women
the
permanent
jobs
they
need
to
qualify
for
paid
maternity
leave
(产假).
70.
A.
willing
B.
reluctant
C.
likely
D.
unable
【解析】根据上下文，本句意为“专家们担心这种女士使用大部分家长休假的倾向会使雇主们不愿意给年轻妇女长期性工作，因为雇主们必须为她们付带薪产假”，所以选项B为正确答案。显然，选项
“willing（愿意）”
“unable（不能）”
“likely（很可能）”
均不符合句意。B（reluctant）“勉强的，不太情愿的”最符合语境。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（S字母）
sacrifice
sphere
substitute
significance
scale
statistical
suspend
supervise
scarcely
steer
sustain
satisfactory
scatter
sticky
sway
schedule
sequence
submarine
soar
scheme
session
submerge
swear
scold
shiver
sufficient
synthetic
scratch
sketch
superficial
semester
scream
soak
surgery
separate
scrub
solemn
surrender
shelter
strategy
（A）
It's
no
secret
that
as
a
population,
Americans
have
been
getting
heavier,
but
researchers
now
say
that
our
weight
problem
may
be
worse
than
we
thought.
In
a
study
published
in
the
journal
PLOS
One,
lead
author
Dr.
Eric
Braverman
says
that
our
current
measure
of
obesity
(肥胖症)
--
body
mass
index,
or
BMI
--
significantly
(41)
______
the
number
of
people,
especially
women,
who
are
obese.
Braverman
and
his
co-author,
Dr.
Nirav
Shah,
studied
1,400
men
and
women,
comparing
their
BMI
measurement
to
their
percentage
of
body
fat,
as
measured
by
a
dual-energy
X-ray
absorptiometry
(DEXA)
scan.
While
BMI
is
a
simple
ratio
of
a
person’s
height
and
weight,
the
DEXA
scan--
which
is
normally
used
to
measure
body
density
(密度)
--
can
(42)
______
between
bone,
fat
and
muscle
mass.
Based
on
BMI,
about
one-third
of
Americans
are
considered
obese,
but
when
other
methods
of
measuring
obesity
are
used,
that
number
may
be
(43)
______
to
60%
according
to
Braverman.
Physicians
have
complained
for
years
that
BMI
is
a(n)
(44)
______
measure
of
healthy
weight.
Extremely
muscular
people,
(45)
______
,
may
weigh
“too
much”
for
their
height,
since
dense
muscle
mass
weighs
more
than
fat,
thus
qualifying
as
obese
even
if
their
bodies
contain
very
little
fat.
Yet
it’s
not
extra
weight
itself,
but
excess
fat
that
(46)
______
health
problems.
“People
aren’t
being
diagnosed
as
obese,
so
they’re
not
being
told
about
their
risk
of
disease
or
being
given
(47)
_____
on
how
to
improve
their
health,”
Braverman
said.
Data
show
that
people
who
(48)
______
to
put
on
pounds
are
more
likely
to
continue
getting
heavier,
increasing
their
risk
for
a
number
of
diseases.
So
why
is
BMI
still
being
used,
if
it’s
not
(49)
______?
For
now,
it’s
the
best
and
easiest
way
for
physicians
to
measure
a
person’s
healthy
weight
while
taking
into
account
his
or
her
general
body
(50)
______.
DEXA
scans
are
far
too
expensive
to
be
used
as
a
(51)
______
measure
during
doctor’s
visits.
BMI
isn’t
perfect,
but
many
experts
say
it’s
the
best
they
have.
Still,
as
results
like
Braverman’s
continue
to
(52)
______,
it
may
be
time
to
consider
other
ways
of
tracking
weight,
and
(53)
______,
body
fat.
“It’s
important
to
point
out
the
(54)
______
of
the
BMI,”
Dr.Richard
Bergman,
director
of
Cedars
Sinai’s
Obesity
and
Diabetes
Research
Institute
in
Los
Angeles
said.
“It’s
a
poor
measure
of
(55)
______,
and
we
do
need
better
measures.”
A.
predicts
B.
underestimates
C.
increases
D.
reduces
A.
compare
B.
recognize
C.
identify
D.
distinguish
A.
closer
B.
related
C.
devoted
D.
key
A.
important
B.
imperfect
C.
incredible
D.
uncertain
A.
for
example
B.
in
contrast
C.
in
addition
D.
without
doubt
A.
arises
from
B.
owes
to
C.
leads
to
D.
goes
through
A.
views
B.
orders
C.
instruction
D.
focus
A.
decide
B.
start
C.
hope
D.
fear
A.
right
B.
recognizable
C.
popular
D.
precise
A.
structure
B.
well-being
C.
function
D.
weight
A.
special
B.
routine
C.
scientific
D.
decisive
A.
fill
in
B.
run
out
C.
go
down
D.
build
up
A.
in
particular
B.
on
occasion
C.
after
all
D.
in
all
A.
mistakes
B.
failure
C.
inferiority
D.
weakness
A.
health
B.
body
C.
fatness
D.
diseases
【答案】B
D
A
B
A
C
C
B
D
A
B
D
A
D
C
【分析】
联系前后文，关键“
our
weight
problem
may
be
worse
than
we
thought”。说明BMI指数的测量方式低估了一些肥胖人士。A预测；C增加；D减少。
根据后半句，意思是DEXA扫描方式可用以测量骨骼密度，精细地区分骨骼、脂肪和肌肉的各自质量。A比较；B
认出，识别；C认出，鉴定。
联系下文。指用其他方式测量后，肥胖人数会增加，接近至60%。B有关；C致力于，奉献；D关键，钥匙，答案。
根据后文，关键“complain”。指医生一直都在抱怨BMI是有缺陷的测量方式。A
重要的；C难以置信的；D不确定的。
对BMI的缺陷进行列举，特别是对于肌肉型人士。B与...形成对比；C另外；D
不假思索，毫无疑问。
指过度肥胖会导致健康问题。A升起，出现；B归因于；D经历（苦难等）。
联系下文，指给予如何改善自身健康的指导。A观点；B指令；D焦点。
根据句子意思判断，意为那些开始增重的人更可能会持续肥胖下去，增加他们患疾病的风险。
联系前文。指如果BMI不精确，那么为什么仍旧会使用它呢？A正确的；B可识别的；C流行的。
指将一个人总体的身体体型考虑在体重的健康测量中。B幸福；C
功能；D体重。
根据句子意思，意为如果DEXA作为医生的日常就诊进行测量的话，过于昂贵了。A特别的；C科学的；D决定性的，果断的。
指类似于Braverman所得出的结论不断涌现出来。A填充；B用完；C下降。
联系上下文，指应该有更好的方式去监测体重，特别是人体脂肪含量的测量。B有时；C毕竟；D总共。
指重要的是，我们应该指出BMI的缺陷不足。A错误；B失败；C劣势，下等。
A健康；B身体；D疾病。总结性语句，指BMI是有缺陷的测量方式。AB两个选项过于笼统，未突出BMI受到质疑主要是由于它对于人体脂肪的测量不够精确这个缺陷。
（B）
Most
people
believe
they
don’t
have
much
imagination.
They
are
__50__.
Everyone
has
imagination,
but
most
of
us,
once
we
become
adults,
forget
how
to
__51__
it.
Creativity
isn’t
always
__52__
with
great
works
of
art
or
ideas.
People
at
work
and
in
their
free
time
__53__
think
of
creative
ways
to
solve
problems.
Maybe
you
have
a
goal
to
achieve,
a
tricky
question
to
answer
or
you
just
want
to
expand
your
mind!
Here
are
three
techniques
to
help
you.
Making
connections！
This
technique
involves
taking
__54__
ideas
and
trying
to
find
links
between
them.
First,
think
about
the
problem
you
have
to
solve
or
the
job
you
need
to
do.
Then
find
an
image,
word,
idea
or
object,
for
example,
a
candle.
Write
down
all
the
ideas/words
__55__
with
candles:
light,
fire,
matches,
wax,
night,
silence,
etc.
Think
of
as
many
as
you
can.
The
next
stage
is
to
relate
the
__56__
to
the
job
you
have
to
do.
So
imagine
you
want
to
buy
a
friend
an
original
__57__;
you
could
buy
him
tickets
to
a
match
or
take
him
out
for
the
night.
No
limits!
Imagine
that
normal
limitations
don’t
__58__.
You
have
as
much
time/space/money,
etc.
as
you
want.
Think
about
your
goal
and
the
new
__59__.
If
your
goal
is
to
learn
to
ski,
__60__,
you
can
now
practice
skiing
every
day
of
your
life
(because
you
have
the
time
and
the
money).
Now
__61__
this
to
reality.
Maybe
you
can
practice
skiing
every
day
in
December,
or
every
Monday
in
January.
Be
someone
else!
Look
at
the
situation
from
a
__62__
point
of
view.
Good
businessmen
use
this
technique
in
trade,
and
so
do
writers.
Fiction
writers
often
imagine
they
are
the
__63__
in
their
books.
They
ask
questions:
What
does
this
character
want?
Why
can’t
she
get
it?
What
changes
must
she
make
to
get
what
she
wants?
If
your
goal
involves
other
people,
put
yourself
in
their
__64__.
The
best
fishermen
think
like
fish!
A.
wrong
B.
unbelievable
C.
reasonable
D.
realistic
A.
put
up
with
B.
catch
up
with
C.
make
use
of
D.
keep
track
of
A.
equipped
B.
compared
C.
covered
D.
connected
A.
skillfully
B.
routinely
C.
vividly
D.
deeply
A.
familiar
B.
unrelated
C.
creative
D.
imaginary
A.
presented
B.
marked
C.
lit
D.
associated
A.
ideas
B.
ambitious
C.
achievement
D.
technique
A.
experience
B.
service
C.
present
D.
object
A.
work
B.
last
C.
exist
D.
change
A.
possibilities
B.
limitations
C.
tendency
D.
practice
A.
in
fact
B.
in
particular
C.
as
a
whole
D.for
example
A.
devote
B.
adapt
C.
lead
D.
keep
A.
private
B.
global
C.
different
D.
practical
A.
features
B.
themes
C.
creatures
D.
characters
A.
positions
B.
dreams
C.
images
D.
directions
50—54
ACDBB
55—59
DACCA
60—64
DBCDA
（C）
A
detailed
study
of
biological
diversity（多样性）in
town
and
city
gardens
has
found
that
they
offer
a
vital
refuge
for
animals
and
plants.
It
has
also
fund
that
many
of
the
ideas
about
wildlife
gardening
are
not
50
.In
fact,
small
gardens
are
just
as
good
as
big
gardens
at
51
wildlife,
suburban
gardens
are
not
always
better
than
city
gardens
and
non-native
plants
are
not
always
harmful
to
native
insects
and
birds.
Britain’s
16,000,000
gardens
are
a
refuge
for
hundreds
of
species
of
animals
and
plants
that
would
find
it
52
to
survive
on
intensively
（精细地）farmed
land.
According
to
the
study,
gardens
are
amazingly
varied
even
compared
to
53
environments
that
are
good
for
wildlife.
Small
gardens
are
more
interesting
54
they
vary
a
great
deal
in
botanical
environment,
All
the
wildlife
responds
to
the
variation.
Ken
Thompson
of
Sheffield
University
was
involved
n
the
first
detailed
study
of
the
55
living
in
British
gardens
when
he
and
his
colleagues
surveyed
61
gardens
in
Sheffield.
They
really
found
a(n)
56
diversity
of
plants
and
animals.
They
also
identified
a
range
of
simple
57
that
improved
a
garden’s
environment
for
wildlife.
The
top
thing
is
to
grow
more
big
trees
as
these
greatly
58
the
volume
of
vegetation
in
the
garden
and
a
lot
of
59
means
a
lot
of
places
to
live
and
a
lot
of
things
to
eat.
60
,
create
a
pond
for
insects
and
frogs.
Think
before
stocking
it
with
fish
which
will
eat
insect
eggs.
Also,
it
is
not
wise
to
light
up
the
garden
at
night
with
bright
lawn
lamps,
which
will
61
many
night
creatures,
Finally,
don’t
be
too
tidy:
don’t
be
62
to
clear
up
everything
when
the
garden
stops
flowering.
Just
63
a
bit
of
things
lying
around.
To
sum
up,
people
who
want
to
turn
their
gardens
into
wildlife
refuges
should
64
and
let
the
grass
grow
tall,
the
flowers
turn
to
seed
and
trees
expand
skyward.
50．A．true
B．basic
C．vivid
D．simple
51．A．selecting
B．importing
C．offering
D．attracting
52．A．impossible
B．illegal
C．lucky
D．convenient
53．A．peaceful
B．warm
C．natural
D．clean
54．A．before
B．unless
C．but
D．because
55．A．wildlife
B．men
C．germ
D．pet
56．A．confusing
B．complete
C．surprising
D．orderly
57．A．measures
B．standards
C．services
D．functions
58．A．occupy
B．increase
C．limit
D．reduce
59．A．vegetation
B．reservation
C．preparation
D．decoration
60．A．By
contrast
B．As
a
result
C．In
other
words
D．In
addition
61．A．block
B．disturb
C．benefit
D．protect
62．A．in
a
mess
B．in
a
way
C．in
a
hurry
D．in
a
while
63．A．forget
B．remove
C．avoid
D．leave
64．A．escape
B．relax
C．strive
D．retire
50—54
ADACD
55—59
A
CABA
60—64
DBCDB
（D）（2016上海高考试题）
In
the
1960s,
Douglas
McGregor,
one
of
the
key
thinkers
in
the
art
of
management,
developed
the
mow
famous
Theory
X
and
Theory
Y.
Theory
X
is
the
idea
that
people
instinctively
51
work
and
will
do
anything
to
avoid
it.
Theory
Y
is
the
view
that
everyone
has
the
potential
to
find
satisfaction
in
work.
In
any
case,
despite
so
much
evidence
to
the
52
,
many
managers
still
agree
to
Theory
X.
They
believe,
53
,
that
their
employees
need
constant
supervision
if
they
are
to
work
effectively,
or
that
decisions
must
be
imposed
from
54
without
consultation.
This,
of
course,
makes
for
authoritarian
(专制的)
managers.
Different
cultures
have
different
ways
of
55
people.
Unlike
authoritarian
management,
some
cultures,
particularly
in
Asia,
are
well
known
for
the
consultative
nature
of
decision-making—all
members
of
the
department
or
work
group
are
asked
to
56
to
this
process.
This
is
management
by
the
collective
opinion.
Many
western
companies
have
tried
to
imitate
such
Asian
ways
of
doing
things,
which
are
based
on
general
57
.
Some
experts
say
that
women
will
become
more
effective
managers
than
men
because
they
have
the
power
to
reach
common
goals
in
a
way
that
traditional
58
managers
cannot.
A
recent
trend
has
been
to
encourage
employees
to
use
their
own
initiative,
to
make
decisions
on
their
own
without
59
managers
first.
This
empowerment
(授权)
has
been
part
of
the
trend
towards
downsizing:
60
the
number
of
management
layers
in
companies.
After
de-layering
in
this
way,
a
company
may
be
61
with
just
a
top
level
of
senior
managers,
front-line
managers
and
employees
with
direct
contact
with
the
public.
Empowerment
takes
the
idea
of
delegation
(委托)
much
further
than
has
62
been
the
case.
Empowerment
and
delegation
mean
new
forms
of
management
control
to
63
that
the
overall
business
plan
is
being
followed,
and
that
operations
become
more
profitable
under
the
new
organization,
rather
than
less.
Another
trend
is
off-site
or
64
management,
where
teams
of
people
linked
by
e-mail
and
the
Internet
work
on
projects
from
their
own
houses.
Project
managers
evaluate
the
65
of
the
team
members
in
terms
of
what
they
produce
for
projects,
rather
than
the
amount
of
time
they
spend
on
them.
51.
A.
desire
B.
seek
C.
lose
D.
dislike
52.
A.
contrary
B.
expectation
C.
degree
D.
extreme
53.
A.
vice
versa
B.
for
example
C.
however
D.
otherwise
54.
A.
outside
B.
inside
C.
below
D.
above
55.
A.
replacing
B.
assessing
C.
managing
D.
encouraging
56.
A.
refer
B.
contribute
C.
object
D.
apply
57.
A.
agreement
B.
practice
C.
election
D.
impression
58.
A.
bossy
B.
experienced
C.
western
D.
male
59.
A.
asking
B.
training
C.
warning
D.
firing
60.
A.
doubling
B.
maintaining
C.
reducing
D.
estimating
61.
A.
honored
B.
left
C.
crowded
D.
compared
62.
A.
economically
B.
traditionally
C.
inadequately
D.
occasionally
63.
A.
deny
B.
admit
C.
assume
D.
ensure
64.
A.
virtual
B.
ineffective
C.
day-to-day
D.
on-the-scene
65.
A.
opinion
B.
risk
C.
performance
D.
attractiveness
【答案】
51—55
DABDC
56—60
BADAC
60—64
BBDAC
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
(A)
Auditing（旁听）classes
at
university
is
an
ideal
way
of
learning
or
trying
out
new
areas
of
study
without
committing
yourself.You
can
study
alongside
fellow
students
without
any
50___
to
participate
in
formal
assessments
or
gain
credits
for
your
degree.
The
trend
of
auditing
university
classes
has
51
across
universities.
Recently,
Fudan
Postgraduate,
a
publication
by
Fudan
University,
even
52
a
map
guide
on
its
campus.
Altogether,
it
features
25
courses,
including
details
of
lectures,
venues,
times
and
recommendations.
Students
can
design
their
own
auditing
53
based
on
a
handy
map.Zhu,
editor
of
the
guide,
said
that
she
has
54
from
the
trend
herself
–
she
successfully
moved
from
a
bachelor’s
degree
in
biochemistry
to
her
current
one
after
auditing
classes.“Visiting
classes
helped
me
a
lot.
The
teachers
of
outstanding
courses
seldom
teach
strictly
according
to
textbooks,
which
is
attractive
to
students.
Their
tutoring
methods
have
55
my
mind,”
Zhu
said.
Other
students
audit
purely
out
of
56
.
Shi
Shuai,
22,
a
senior
majoring
in
administration
management
at
Shantou
University,
attended
courses
in
economics
and
finance
for
one
year.“It
is
a
great
way
to
explore
professional
knowledge
outside
your
57
,”
said
Shi,
who
acquired
the
basics
of
accounting
and
finance
management.
Despite
the
58
of
learning
in
an
open
environment,
university
administrators
remind
us
that
there
are
still
rules
to
follow.Not
all
classes
accept
outsiders,
especially
minority
language
classes
and
science
modules.
These
are
often
taught
in
small
groups
to
ensure
the
59
of
learning,
or
require
special
equipment
and
individual
instruction,
which
is
only
60
to
registered
students
who
pay
tuition
fees.
Regulations
vary
across
departments
and
universities.
According
to
Huang
Xiaoxiong,
a
journalism
teacher
at
Fudan
University,
students
need
to
ensure
that
auditing
a
class
is
permitted.
“It
is
about
basic
manners.
You
need
to
let
the
teacher
know
about
your
61
,”
he
explained.
“It’s
polite
to
greet
the
teacher
when
attending
a
course.
Participate
in
discussions,
but
do
not
distract
(使分心)
others,”
Huang
added.
“It’s
okay
to
hand
in
homework
assigned
by
the
teacher,
but
expect
general
advice
rather
than
careful
correction.”
Auditing
classes
62
or
beyond
one’s
ability
can
be
a
waste
of
time,
warns
Xu
Jun,
27,
HR
manager
at
Guangzhou
Automobile
Industry
Group.
“It’s
good
to
audit
some
classes.
But
you
have
to
manage
your
time
well,
as
you
can’t
get
any
academic
credit
or
formal
63
for
these
courses,”
Xu
suggested.“Even
though
your
interests
are
important,
your
64
is
the
first
thing
to
consider
at
university.”
50.A.limitation
B.
hesitation
C.
obligation
D.
tendency
51.A.
swept
B.
split
C.
smashed
D.
survived
52.
A.
imposed
B.
inserted
C.
extended
D.
released
53.
A.
habit
B.
route
C.
data
D.
rule
54.
A.
benefited
B.
transferred
C.
suffered
D.
managed
55.
A.
kept
B.
burdened
C.
expanded
D.
changed
56.
A.
kindness
B.
interest
C.
pressure
D.
instinct
57.A.
major
B.
campus
C.
control
D.
potential
58.
A.
instructions
B.
advantages
C.
possibilities
D.
qualifications
59.
A.
effectiveness
B.
uniqueness
C.
consciousness
D.
seriousness
60.
A.
affordable
B.
portable
C.
adaptable
D.
available
61.
A.
preference
B.
existence
C.
expectation
D.
performance
62.
A.
regularly
B.
purposefully
C.
moderately
D.
aimlessly
63.
A.
education
B.
investigation
C.
recognition
D.
comment
64.
A.
decision
B.
diligence
C.
devotion
D.degree
50-54CADBA
55-59CBABA
60-64DBDCD
(
B)
All
over
the
world,
people
admire
the
beauty
and
grace
of
butterflies.
Butterflies
come
in
every
color
imaginable,
and
their
50
display
an
incredible
variety
of
patterns.
The
largest
butterfly,
Queen
Alexandra’s
Birdwing,
has
a
wingspan
(翼展)
of
up
to
280
millimeters
and
lives
in
Papua
New
Guinea.
The
smallest,
the
Western
Pygmy
Blue
in
the
southern
U.S.,
has
a
wingspan
of
only
12
millimeters.
Sadly,
some
of
these
beautiful
creatures
are
now
51
.
Estimates
indicate
that
between
15
and
20
thousand
species
of
butterflies
exist
around
the
world.
A
number
of
these
species
are
endangered,
over
20
in
Japan
52
.
Although
that
number
may
seem
small,
losing
even
one
species
would
be
53
.
Nowadays
scientists
even
look
to
butterflies
as
a
54
of
the
environment’s
health,
since
they
are
55
to
environmental
changes.
Many
environmentalists
around
the
world
are
eager
to
protect
the
endangered
butterflies
from
extinction.
The
American
Museum
of
Natural
History
in
New
York,
for
example,
has
an
unusual
butterfly
exhibit.
This
exhibit
56
the
important
role
that
butterflies
play
in
our
environment.
In
recent
years,
environmental
groups
have
made
significant
progress
in
57
endangered
butterfly
populations.
Governments
throughout
Asia
have
passed
laws
to
help
protect
endangered
wildlife,
including
butterflies.
An
area
called
Butterfly
Valley
in
Assam,
India,
has
become
the
focus
of
conscious
58
to
protect
the
butterflies’
habitat
(栖息地).
Other
projects
in
Serbia,
Japan,
and
Canada
are
also
hoping
to
59
.
Some
of
these
efforts
are
already
starting
to
work.
The
population
of
the
El
Segundo
Blue
Butterfly
in
California,
for
instance,
has
increased
by
8
percent
since
2010.
Finding
a
cure
for
the
butterfly
crisis
is,
60
,
not
just
for
environmental
groups.
61
citizens
can
plant
butterfly
gardens
to
support
and
enjoy
these
gentle
creatures.
A
group
of
female
prisoners
in
Belfair,
Washington,
are
helping
to
rescue
an
endangered
species
called
Taylor’s
Checkerspot.
They
recognize
how
62
seemingly
insignificant
creatures
can
be.
The
world
cannot
afford
to
lose
any
butterflies.
As
environmentalist
John
Muir
once
63
,
“When
we
try
to
pick
out
anything
by
itself,
we
find
it
64
to
everything
else
in
the
Universe.”
50.
A.
colors
B.
bodies
C.
wings
D.
feelers
51.
A.
out
of
control
B.
in
great
danger
C.
on
the
fly
D.
out
of
date
52.
A.
nearby
B.
though
C.
besides
D.
alone
53.
A.
predictable
B.
possible
C.
imaginable
D.
terrible
54.
A.
factor
B.
picture
C.
measure
D.
display
55.
A.
exposed
B.
accustomed
C.
sensitive
D.
resistant
56.
A.
highlights
B.
changes
C.
replaces
D.
finds
57.
A.
preserving
B.
controlling
C.
observing
D.
recognizing
58.
A.
projects
B.
efforts
C.
steps
D.
groups
59.
A.
set
an
example
B.
keep
the
promise
C.
make
a
difference
D.
take
the
time
60.
A.
however
B.
furthermore
C.
otherwise
D.
therefore
61.
A.
Distinguished
B.
Leading
C.
Senior
D.
Ordinary
62.
A.
graceful
B.
significant
C.
pitiful
D.
mysterious
63.
A.
proposed
B.
commented
C.
promised
D.
recommended
64.
A.
restricted
B.
adapted
C.
contributed
D.
tied
50~54
CBDDC
55~59
CAABC
60~64
ADBBD
（C）
Even
before
the
dust
had
settled
on
the
wreckage
of
our
financial
institutions,
the
accusations
were
flying.
Who
was
really
to
__1__?
Was
it
the
greedy
investment
bankers
who
were
only
too
happy
to
take
huge
risks
with
loans
and
credit
as
long
as
they
were
gaining
enormous
profits?
Was
it
the
lenders,
who
were
__2__
to
lend
money
to
people
far
beyond
their
credit
worthiness?
Were
the
politicians
and
regulators
at
fault
for
allowing
debt
to
build
up
unchecked?
Or
were
the
homebuyers
responsible
for
taking
out
loans
they
could
never
expect
to
__3__?
And
let’s
not
forget
the
__4__,
who
were
happy
to
take
the
returns
on
offer
without
asking
why
the
interest
rates
were
so
high.
Of
course,
the
truth
is
that
all
of
the
above
__5__
the
collapse
and,
unless
we
stop
pointing
the
finger
at
each
other
and
focus
on
the
serious
business
of
recognizing
our
__6__
responsibility
for
our
difficulty,
we
will
find
ourselves
repeating
the
same
mistakes.
Let’s
face
it,
we
are
not
good
at
learning
lessons
from
past
__7__.
The
Great
Depression
of
the
1930s
was,
like
the
current
crisis,
preceded
by
a
housing
boom,
a
long
period
of
cheap
credit
and
a
stock
market
crash.
There
are
also
disturbing
__8__
between
recent
developments
and
the
events
in
Japan
in
the
1990s.
But
already
there
are
worrying
signs
of
our
being
__9__.
Investment
banks
are
falling
back
into
old
habits,
hiring
high-fliers
on
unbelievably
high
salaries
and
bonus
in
the
name
of
“We
need
good
people’.
Meanwhile,
governments
are
hesitating
in
their
commitment
to
__10__
the
tough
financial
regulations
that
they
were
banging
their
fists
about
only
months
ago.
It
is
as
though
we
can
only
__11__
for
so
long.
Then
we
shrug
our
shoulders
and
head
unwittingly
in
the
direction
of
the
next
__12__.
The
__13__
is
not
to
express
our
anger
to
each
other.
__14__,
we
all
need
to
pause
–bankers,
borrowers,
lenders,
savers,
legislators
and
acknowledge
our
failure.
Then
we
must
have
the
courage
to
take
the
necessary
steps,
whether
political,
corporate
or
__15__,
to
prevent
yet
another
cycle
of
boom
and
bust.
A.
blame
B.
expect
C.
remain
D.
represent
A.
gifted
B.
reluctant
C.
prepared
D.
humble
A.
repay
B.
obtain
C.
arrange
D.
secure
A.
regulators
B.
borrowers
C.
savers
D.
lawyers
A.
depended
on
B.
contributed
to
C.
resulted
from
D.
set
up
A.
temporary
B.
lifelong
C.
individual
D.
collective
A.
discoveries
B.
errors
C.
reforms
D.
markets
A.
barriers
B.
differences
C.
balances
D.
parallels
A.
powerless
B.
forgetful
C.
regretful
D.
careless
A.
impose
B.
cancel
C.
neglect
D.
explain
A.
go
ahead
B.
put
off
C.
look
backwards
D.
make
up
A.
crisis
B.
boom
C.
century
D.
promise
A.
process
B.
reason
C.
solution
D.
apology
A.
Besides
B.
Meanwhile
C.
Otherwise
D.
Instead
A.
professional
B.
personal
C.
formal
D.
educational
1
–
5
ACACB
6
–
10
DBDBA
11
–
15
CACDB
高考核心词汇检测
Though
_______________by
the
enemy,
the
brave
soldiers
were
not
nervous
at
all.
surrounded
B.
scolded
C.
secured
D.
selected
Some
parents
are
just
too
protective.
They
want
to
___
their
kids
from
every
kind
of
danger,
real
or
imagined.
A.
spot
B.
smash
C.
shelter
D.
struggle
Compared
with
his
sister,
Jerry
is
even
more
_____to,
and
more
easily
troubled
by
emotional
and
relationship
problems.
A.
skeptical
B.
reasonable
C.
sensible
D.
sensitive
By
practicing
good
thinking
____________,
we
became
more
creative.
A.
strategy
B.
relativity
C.
scenery
D.
significance
So
____________
our
health
and
our
study,
we
must
have
breakfast.
A.
for
the
sake
of
B.
at
the
risk
of
C.
in
respect
of
D.
in
response
to
His
family
is
very
rich
and
his
father
employs
a
large
___
of
servants
to
keep
the
house
clean.
A.
series
B.
species
C.
stuff
D.
staff
You
must
not
______________studies
for
pleasure.
A.
satisfy
B.
scrub
C.scratch
D.
sacrifice
Your
digital
camera
is
________
mine
in
function,
but
mine
is
relatively
cheaper.
A.
subject
to
B.
regarded
as
C.
relevant
to
D.
similar
to
The
director
insisted
that
the
meeting
be
held
according
to_________.
A.
signature
B.
schedule
C.
sightseeing
D.
shortcoming
You
should
be
careful
to
drive
for
the
road
was
_______after
the
rain.
A.
slippery
B.
slight
C.
smooth
D.
social
She
_________
the
instructions
so
that
the
children
could
understand
them.
A.
sought
B.
shaved
C.
shrank
D.
simplified
Once
you
have
formed
a
bad
habit,
it’s
very
difficult
to
___________it.
A.
get
rid
of
B.
run
out
of
C.
stick
to
D.
switch
off
Approaching
the
city
center,
we
saw
a
stone
statue
of
about
10
meters
in
height.
status
B.
statue
C.
statistic
D.
stair
The
poverty
level
was
shocking
and
the
small
_______
houses
gave
me
the
greatest
feeling
of
hopelessness.
shabby
B.senior
C.sacred
D.satisfactory
It
was
the
language
that
helped
shape
the
way
I
saw
things,
expressed
ideas,
and
made
_____
of
the
world.
sponsor
B.
sacrifice
C.scholarship
D.
sense
参考答案：
1~5
ACDAA
6~10
DDDBA
11~15.
DCBAD
完形填空解题策略分析
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"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
完形填空不仅考查学生对所学词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的阅读能力；不仅考查学生的知识背景，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解等综合能力。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。
由于学生缺乏对完形填空题型的正确了解以及平时的训练方法不当，导致做题时得分率低。以下结合对上海高考完形填空真题的研究，总结若干完形填空题的解题策略。
（一）、利用文章首句信息解题
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。
【例1】
The
term
home
schooling
means
educating
children
at
home
or
in
places
other
than
a
normal
setting
such
as
a
public
or
private
school.
There
are
many
reasons
why
parents
choose
home
schooling
for
their
children.
Some
parents…….Still
other
parents
choose
this
type
of
__48__
for
religious
reasons.
48.
A.
activity
B.
education
C.
behavior
D.
belief
【例2】One
topic
is
rarely
mentioned
in
all
the
talk
of
improving
standards
in
our
schools:
the
almost
complete
failure
of
foreign-language
teaching.
As
a
French
graduate
who
has
taught
for
more
than
twenty-five
years,
I
believe
I
have
some
idea
of
why
the
failure
is
so
total.
21
the
faults
already
found
out
in
the
education
system
as
a
whole
—
such
as
child-centred
learning,
the
“discovery”
method,
and
the
low
expectations
by
teachers
of
pupils
—
there
have
been
several
serious
22
which
have
a
direct
effect
on
language
teaching.
21.
A.
Due
to
B.
In
addition
to
C.
Instead
of
D.
In
spite
of
22.
A.
errors
B.
situations
C.
systems
D.
methods
（二）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题
完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
【例1】
Are
your
table
manners
much
better
when
you
are
eating
at
a
friend’s
home
or
in
a
restaurant
than
they
are
at
your
own
home?
Probably
so,
45
you
are
aware
that
people
judge
you
by
your
table
manners.
45.
A.
because
B.
but
C.
unless
D.
though
【例2】
As
a
French
graduate
who
has
taught
for
more
than
twenty-five
years,
I
believe
I
have
some
idea
of
why
the
failure
is
so
total.
55
the
faults
already
found
out
in
the
education
system
as
a
whole
—
such
as
child-centered
learning,
the
“discovery”
method,
and
the
low
expectations
by
teachers
of
pupils
—
there
have
been
several
serious
56
which
have
a
direct
effect
on
language
teaching.
55.
A.
Due
to
B.
In
addition
to
C.
Instead
of
D.
In
spite
of
【例3】
Being
alone
in
outer
space
can
be
frightening.
That
is
one
reason
why
astronauts
on
solo（单独的）
space
flight
were
given
plenty
of
work
to
keep
them
45
.
They
were
also
in
constant
communication
with
people
on
the
earth,
46
,
being
with
people
from
whom
you
cannot
get
away
might
be
even
harder
than
being
alone.
46.
A.
So
far
B.
After
all
C.
However
D.
Therefore
（三）、利用排比结构解题
“排比结构”指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。排比结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。试题命制者常从排比结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。
【例1】
Many
people
now
think
that
teachers
give
pupils
too
much
homework.
They
say
that
it
is
51
for
children
to
work
at
home
in
their
free
time.
52,
they
argue
that
most
teachers
do
not
53
plan
the
homework
tasks
they
give
to
pupils.
51.
A.
unnecessary
B.
uninteresting
C.
unfortunate
D.
unimportant
52.
A.
Nevertheless
B.
However
C.
Therefore
D.
Moreover
53.
A.
considerably
B.
favorably
C.
properly
D.
pleasantly
（四）、利用词汇复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
【例1】This
is
what
happens
on
long
submarine（潜水艇）
voyages.
It
will
also
happen
on
47
space
flights
in
the
future.
Will
there
be
special
problems
of
adjustment
under
such
conditions?
47．A．long
B．fast
C．dangerous
D．Direct
【例2】What
then
is
the
future
of
education?
Will
this
new
model
of
schooling
replace
normal
schools?
Will
computers
and
the
Internet
__51__
our
classrooms
and
teachers?
51.
A.
replace
B.
reserve
C.
represent
D.
release
【例3】
Some
parents…….Still
other
parents
choose
this
type
of
__48__
for
religious
reasons.
Whatever
the
__49__
may
be,
it
is
evident
that
more
and
more
children
are
being
taken
out
of
normal
schools
every
year.
49.
A.
effects
B.
suggestions
C.
reasons
D.
pressures
【例4】Many
firms
already
claim
to
be
“customer-driven”
or
“consumer-centered”.
Now
their
62
will
be
tested
as
never
before.
62.
A.
information
B.
investment
C.
claims
D.
shops
【例5】Good
manners
at
mealtimes
help
you
and
those
around
you
to
feel
49
.
This
is
true
at
home
as
much
as
it
is
true
in
someone
else’s
home
or
in
a
restaurant.
Good
50
make
meals
more
enjoyable
for
everyone
at
the
table.
50.
A.
dishes
B.
manners
C.
atmospheres
D.
friends
（五）、利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。
【例1】A
pupil
who
can
do
his
homework
in
a
quiet
and
59
room
is
in
a
much
better
position
than
a
pupil
who
does
his
homework
in
a
small,
noisy
room
with
the
television
on.
59.
A.
furnished
B.
expensive
C.
comfortable
D.
suitable
【例2】He
had
always
been
interested
in
medicine
and
had
read
a
book,
which
discussed
the
idea
of
how
body
chemistry
and
health
can
be
damaged
by
emotional
stress
and
negative
__47__.
The
book
made
Cousins
think
about
the
possible
__48__
of
positive
attitudes
and
emotions.
47.
A.
attitudes
B.
beliefs
C.
goals
D.
positions
48.
A.
shortcoming
B.
harm
C.
benefit
D.
interest
（六）、利用词汇差异解题
词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。
【例1】Good
manners
at
mealtimes
help
you
and
those
around
you
to
feel
49.
This
is
true
at
home
as
much
as
it
is
true
in
someone
else’s
home
or
in
a
restaurant.
49.
A.
comfortable
B.
stressed
C.
depressed
D.
outstanding
【例2】When
men
are
49
together
for
a
long
period,
they
begin
to
feel
uneasy.
49．A．shut
up
B．held
up
C．brought
up
D．picked
up
【例3】Another
important
error
is
mixed-ability
teaching,
or
teaching
in
ability
groups
so
(wide)
that
the
most
able
pupils
are
59
and
are
bored
while
the
least
able
are
lost
and
60
bored.
59．A．kept
out
B．turned
down
C．help
back
D．left
behind
60．A．surprisingly
B．individually
C．equally
D．regularly
【例4】People
who
are
well-adjusted
are
able
to
53
stress
situations
better
than
others.
That
is
one
reason
why
so
much
care
is
taken
in
54
our
astronauts.
These
men
undergo
a
long
period
of
testing
and
training.
One
of
the
things
tested
is
their
behavior
under
stress.
53.
A.
handle
B.
create
C.
affect
D.
investigate
54.
A.
becoming
B.
choosing
C.
ordering
D.
promoting
【例5】The
first
is
the
removal
from
the
curriculum（课程）of
the
thorough
teaching
of
English
57
.
Pupils
now
do
not
know
a
verb
from
a
noun,
the
subject
of
a
sentence
from
its
object,
or
the
difference
between
the
past,
present,
or
future.
57．A．vocabulary
B．culture
C．grammar
D．literature
（七）、利用作者情感态度来解题
第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。
【例1】When
men
are
held
up
together
for
a
long
period,
they
begin
to
feel
uneasy.
Everyone
has
little
habits
of
speaking
and
behaving
that
are
ordinarily
acceptable.
In
the
limited
space
over
a
long
period
of
time,
however,
these
little
habits
may
become
very
50
.
50．A．pleasing
B．annoying
C．common
D．valuable
【例2】The
law
of
over
learning
explains
why
cramming
(突击学习)
for
an
examination,
62(though)
it
may
result
in
a
passing
grade,
is
not
a
63
way
to
learn
a
school
course.
63.
A.
convenient
B.
demanding
C.
satisfactory
D.
swift
【例3】Experts
fear
that
the
tendency
for
women
to
use
most
of
the
parental
leave
could
make
employers
70
go
give
young
women
the
permanent
jobs
they
need
to
qualify
for
paid
maternity
leave
(产假).
70.
A.
willing
B.
reluctant
C.
likely
D.
unable
高考高频词汇精选背诵（S字母）
sacrifice
sphere
substitute
significance
scale
statistical
suspend
supervise
scarcely
steer
sustain
satisfactory
scatter
sticky
sway
schedule
sequence
submarine
soar
scheme
session
submerge
swear
scold
shiver
sufficient
synthetic
scratch
sketch
superficial
semester
scream
soak
surgery
separate
scrub
solemn
surrender
shelter
strategy
（A）
It's
no
secret
that
as
a
population,
Americans
have
been
getting
heavier,
but
researchers
now
say
that
our
weight
problem
may
be
worse
than
we
thought.
In
a
study
published
in
the
journal
PLOS
One,
lead
author
Dr.
Eric
Braverman
says
that
our
current
measure
of
obesity
(肥胖症)
--
body
mass
index,
or
BMI
--
significantly
(41)
______
the
number
of
people,
especially
women,
who
are
obese.
Braverman
and
his
co-author,
Dr.
Nirav
Shah,
studied
1,400
men
and
women,
comparing
their
BMI
measurement
to
their
percentage
of
body
fat,
as
measured
by
a
dual-energy
X-ray
absorptiometry
(DEXA)
scan.
While
BMI
is
a
simple
ratio
of
a
person’s
height
and
weight,
the
DEXA
scan--
which
is
normally
used
to
measure
body
density
(密度)
--
can
(42)
______
between
bone,
fat
and
muscle
mass.
Based
on
BMI,
about
one-third
of
Americans
are
considered
obese,
but
when
other
methods
of
measuring
obesity
are
used,
that
number
may
be
(43)
______
to
60%
according
to
Braverman.
Physicians
have
complained
for
years
that
BMI
is
a(n)
(44)
______
measure
of
healthy
weight.
Extremely
muscular
people,
(45)
______
,
may
weigh
“too
much”
for
their
height,
since
dense
muscle
mass
weighs
more
than
fat,
thus
qualifying
as
obese
even
if
their
bodies
contain
very
little
fat.
Yet
it’s
not
extra
weight
itself,
but
excess
fat
that
(46)
______
health
problems.
“People
aren’t
being
diagnosed
as
obese,
so
they’re
not
being
told
about
their
risk
of
disease
or
being
given
(47)
_____
on
how
to
improve
their
health,”
Braverman
said.
Data
show
that
people
who
(48)
______
to
put
on
pounds
are
more
likely
to
continue
getting
heavier,
increasing
their
risk
for
a
number
of
diseases.
So
why
is
BMI
still
being
used,
if
it’s
not
(49)
______?
For
now,
it’s
the
best
and
easiest
way
for
physicians
to
measure
a
person’s
healthy
weight
while
taking
into
account
his
or
her
general
body
(50)
______.
DEXA
scans
are
far
too
expensive
to
be
used
as
a
(51)
______
measure
during
doctor’s
visits.
BMI
isn’t
perfect,
but
many
experts
say
it’s
the
best
they
have.
Still,
as
results
like
Braverman’s
continue
to
(52)
______,
it
may
be
time
to
consider
other
ways
of
tracking
weight,
and
(53)
______,
body
fat.
“It’s
important
to
point
out
the
(54)
______
of
the
BMI,”
Dr.Richard
Bergman,
director
of
Cedars
Sinai’s
Obesity
and
Diabetes
Research
Institute
in
Los
Angeles
said.
“It’s
a
poor
measure
of
(55)
______,
and
we
do
need
better
measures.”
A.
predicts
B.
underestimates
C.
increases
D.
reduces
A.
compare
B.
recognize
C.
identify
D.
distinguish
A.
closer
B.
related
C.
devoted
D.
key
A.
important
B.
imperfect
C.
incredible
D.
uncertain
A.
for
example
B.
in
contrast
C.
in
addition
D.
without
doubt
A.
arises
from
B.
owes
to
C.
leads
to
D.
goes
through
A.
views
B.
orders
C.
instruction
D.
focus
A.
decide
B.
start
C.
hope
D.
fear
A.
right
B.
recognizable
C.
popular
D.
precise
A.
structure
B.
well-being
C.
function
D.
weight
A.
special
B.
routine
C.
scientific
D.
decisive
A.
fill
in
B.
run
out
C.
go
down
D.
build
up
A.
in
particular
B.
on
occasion
C.
after
all
D.
in
all
A.
mistakes
B.
failure
C.
inferiority
D.
weakness
A.
health
B.
body
C.
fatness
D.
diseases
（B）
Most
people
believe
they
don’t
have
much
imagination.
They
are
__50__.
Everyone
has
imagination,
but
most
of
us,
once
we
become
adults,
forget
how
to
__51__
it.
Creativity
isn’t
always
__52__
with
great
works
of
art
or
ideas.
People
at
work
and
in
their
free
time
__53__
think
of
creative
ways
to
solve
problems.
Maybe
you
have
a
goal
to
achieve,
a
tricky
question
to
answer
or
you
just
want
to
expand
your
mind!
Here
are
three
techniques
to
help
you.
Making
connections！
This
technique
involves
taking
__54__
ideas
and
trying
to
find
links
between
them.
First,
think
about
the
problem
you
have
to
solve
or
the
job
you
need
to
do.
Then
find
an
image,
word,
idea
or
object,
for
example,
a
candle.
Write
down
all
the
ideas/words
__55__
with
candles:
light,
fire,
matches,
wax,
night,
silence,
etc.
Think
of
as
many
as
you
can.
The
next
stage
is
to
relate
the
__56__
to
the
job
you
have
to
do.
So
imagine
you
want
to
buy
a
friend
an
original
__57__;
you
could
buy
him
tickets
to
a
match
or
take
him
out
for
the
night.
No
limits!
Imagine
that
normal
limitations
don’t
__58__.
You
have
as
much
time/space/money,
etc.
as
you
want.
Think
about
your
goal
and
the
new
__59__.
If
your
goal
is
to
learn
to
ski,
__60__,
you
can
now
practice
skiing
every
day
of
your
life
(because
you
have
the
time
and
the
money).
Now
__61__
this
to
reality.
Maybe
you
can
practice
skiing
every
day
in
December,
or
every
Monday
in
January.
Be
someone
else!
Look
at
the
situation
from
a
__62__
point
of
view.
Good
businessmen
use
this
technique
in
trade,
and
so
do
writers.
Fiction
writers
often
imagine
they
are
the
__63__
in
their
books.
They
ask
questions:
What
does
this
character
want?
Why
can’t
she
get
it?
What
changes
must
she
make
to
get
what
she
wants?
If
your
goal
involves
other
people,
put
yourself
in
their
__64__.
The
best
fishermen
think
like
fish!
A.
wrong
B.
unbelievable
C.
reasonable
D.
realistic
A.
put
up
with
B.
catch
up
with
C.
make
use
of
D.
keep
track
of
A.
equipped
B.
compared
C.
covered
D.
connected
A.
skillfully
B.
routinely
C.
vividly
D.
deeply
A.
familiar
B.
unrelated
C.
creative
D.
imaginary
A.
presented
B.
marked
C.
lit
D.
associated
A.
ideas
B.
ambitious
C.
achievement
D.
technique
A.
experience
B.
service
C.
present
D.
object
A.
work
B.
last
C.
exist
D.
change
A.
possibilities
B.
limitations
C.
tendency
D.
practice
A.
in
fact
B.
in
particular
C.
as
a
whole
D.for
example
A.
devote
B.
adapt
C.
lead
D.
keep
A.
private
B.
global
C.
different
D.
practical
A.
features
B.
themes
C.
creatures
D.
characters
A.
positions
B.
dreams
C.
images
D.
directions
（C）
A
detailed
study
of
biological
diversity（多样性）in
town
and
city
gardens
has
found
that
they
offer
a
vital
refuge
for
animals
and
plants.
It
has
also
fund
that
many
of
the
ideas
about
wildlife
gardening
are
not
50
.In
fact,
small
gardens
are
just
as
good
as
big
gardens
at
51
wildlife,
suburban
gardens
are
not
always
better
than
city
gardens
and
non-native
plants
are
not
always
harmful
to
native
insects
and
birds.
Britain’s
16,000,000
gardens
are
a
refuge
for
hundreds
of
species
of
animals
and
plants
that
would
find
it
52
to
survive
on
intensively
（精细地）farmed
land.
According
to
the
study,
gardens
are
amazingly
varied
even
compared
to
53
environments
that
are
good
for
wildlife.
Small
gardens
are
more
interesting
54
they
vary
a
great
deal
in
botanical
environment,
All
the
wildlife
responds
to
the
variation.
Ken
Thompson
of
Sheffield
University
was
involved
n
the
first
detailed
study
of
the
55
living
in
British
gardens
when
he
and
his
colleagues
surveyed
61
gardens
in
Sheffield.
They
really
found
a(n)
56
diversity
of
plants
and
animals.
They
also
identified
a
range
of
simple
57
that
improved
a
garden’s
environment
for
wildlife.
The
top
thing
is
to
grow
more
big
trees
as
these
greatly
58
the
volume
of
vegetation
in
the
garden
and
a
lot
of
59
means
a
lot
of
places
to
live
and
a
lot
of
things
to
eat.
60
,
create
a
pond
for
insects
and
frogs.
Think
before
stocking
it
with
fish
which
will
eat
insect
eggs.
Also,
it
is
not
wise
to
light
up
the
garden
at
night
with
bright
lawn
lamps,
which
will
61
many
night
creatures,
Finally,
don’t
be
too
tidy:
don’t
be
62
to
clear
up
everything
when
the
garden
stops
flowering.
Just
63
a
bit
of
things
lying
around.
To
sum
up,
people
who
want
to
turn
their
gardens
into
wildlife
refuges
should
64
and
let
the
grass
grow
tall,
the
flowers
turn
to
seed
and
trees
expand
skyward.
50．A．true
B．basic
C．vivid
D．simple
51．A．selecting
B．importing
C．offering
D．attracting
52．A．impossible
B．illegal
C．lucky
D．convenient
53．A．peaceful
B．warm
C．natural
D．clean
54．A．before
B．unless
C．but
D．because
55．A．wildlife
B．men
C．germ
D．pet
56．A．confusing
B．complete
C．surprising
D．orderly
57．A．measures
B．standards
C．services
D．functions
58．A．occupy
B．increase
C．limit
D．reduce
59．A．vegetation
B．reservation
C．preparation
D．decoration
60．A．By
contrast
B．As
a
result
C．In
other
words
D．In
addition
61．A．block
B．disturb
C．benefit
D．protect
62．A．in
a
mess
B．in
a
way
C．in
a
hurry
D．in
a
while
63．A．forget
B．remove
C．avoid
D．leave
64．A．escape
B．relax
C．strive
D．retire
（D）
In
the
1960s,
Douglas
McGregor,
one
of
the
key
thinkers
in
the
art
of
management,
developed
the
mow
famous
Theory
X
and
Theory
Y.
Theory
X
is
the
idea
that
people
instinctively
51
work
and
will
do
anything
to
avoid
it.
Theory
Y
is
the
view
that
everyone
has
the
potential
to
find
satisfaction
in
work.
In
any
case,
despite
so
much
evidence
to
the
52
,
many
managers
still
agree
to
Theory
X.
They
believe,
53
,
that
their
employees
need
constant
supervision
if
they
are
to
work
effectively,
or
that
decisions
must
be
imposed
from
54
without
consultation.
This,
of
course,
makes
for
authoritarian
(专制的)
managers.
Different
cultures
have
different
ways
of
55
people.
Unlike
authoritarian
management,
some
cultures,
particularly
in
Asia,
are
well
known
for
the
consultative
nature
of
decision-making—all
members
of
the
department
or
work
group
are
asked
to
56
to
this
process.
This
is
management
by
the
collective
opinion.
Many
western
companies
have
tried
to
imitate
such
Asian
ways
of
doing
things,
which
are
based
on
general
57
.
Some
experts
say
that
women
will
become
more
effective
managers
than
men
because
they
have
the
power
to
reach
common
goals
in
a
way
that
traditional
58
managers
cannot.
A
recent
trend
has
been
to
encourage
employees
to
use
their
own
initiative,
to
make
decisions
on
their
own
without
59
managers
first.
This
empowerment
(授权)
has
been
part
of
the
trend
towards
downsizing:
60
the
number
of
management
layers
in
companies.
After
de-layering
in
this
way,
a
company
may
be
61
with
just
a
top
level
of
senior
managers,
front-line
managers
and
employees
with
direct
contact
with
the
public.
Empowerment
takes
the
idea
of
delegation
(委托)
much
further
than
has
62
been
the
case.
Empowerment
and
delegation
mean
new
forms
of
management
control
to
63
that
the
overall
business
plan
is
being
followed,
and
that
operations
become
more
profitable
under
the
new
organization,
rather
than
less.
Another
trend
is
off-site
or
64
management,
where
teams
of
people
linked
by
e-mail
and
the
Internet
work
on
projects
from
their
own
houses.
Project
managers
evaluate
the
65
of
the
team
members
in
terms
of
what
they
produce
for
projects,
rather
than
the
amount
of
time
they
spend
on
them.
51.
A.
desire
B.
seek
C.
lose
D.
dislike
52.
A.
contrary
B.
expectation
C.
degree
D.
extreme
53.
A.
vice
versa
B.
for
example
C.
however
D.
otherwise
54.
A.
outside
B.
inside
C.
below
D.
above
55.
A.
replacing
B.
assessing
C.
managing
D.
encouraging
56.
A.
refer
B.
contribute
C.
object
D.
apply
57.
A.
agreement
B.
practice
C.
election
D.
impression
58.
A.
bossy
B.
experienced
C.
western
D.
male
59.
A.
asking
B.
training
C.
warning
D.
firing
60.
A.
doubling
B.
maintaining
C.
reducing
D.
estimating
61.
A.
honored
B.
left
C.
crowded
D.
compared
62.
A.
economically
B.
traditionally
C.
inadequately
D.
occasionally
63.
A.
deny
B.
admit
C.
assume
D.
ensure
64.
A.
virtual
B.
ineffective
C.
day-to-day
D.
on-the-scene
65.
A.
opinion
B.
risk
C.
performance
D.
attractiveness
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
(A)
Auditing（旁听）classes
at
university
is
an
ideal
way
of
learning
or
trying
out
new
areas
of
study
without
committing
yourself.You
can
study
alongside
fellow
students
without
any
50
to
participate
in
formal
assessments
or
gain
credits
for
your
degree.
The
trend
of
auditing
university
classes
has
51
across
universities.
Recently,
Fudan
Postgraduate,
a
publication
by
Fudan
University,
even
52
a
map
guide
on
its
campus.
Altogether,
it
features
25
courses,
including
details
of
lectures,
venues,
times
and
recommendations.
Students
can
design
their
own
auditing
53
based
on
a
handy
map.Zhu,
editor
of
the
guide,
said
that
she
has
54
from
the
trend
herself
–
she
successfully
moved
from
a
bachelor’s
degree
in
biochemistry
to
her
current
one
after
auditing
classes.“Visiting
classes
helped
me
a
lot.
The
teachers
of
outstanding
courses
seldom
teach
strictly
according
to
textbooks,
which
is
attractive
to
students.
Their
tutoring
methods
have
55
my
mind,”
Zhu
said.
Other
students
audit
purely
out
of
56
.
Shi
Shuai,
22,
a
senior
majoring
in
administration
management
at
Shantou
University,
attended
courses
in
economics
and
finance
for
one
year.“It
is
a
great
way
to
explore
professional
knowledge
outside
your
57
,”
said
Shi,
who
acquired
the
basics
of
accounting
and
finance
management.
Despite
the
58
of
learning
in
an
open
environment,
university
administrators
remind
us
that
there
are
still
rules
to
follow.Not
all
classes
accept
outsiders,
especially
minority
language
classes
and
science
modules.
These
are
often
taught
in
small
groups
to
ensure
the
59
of
learning,
or
require
special
equipment
and
individual
instruction,
which
is
only
60
to
registered
students
who
pay
tuition
fees.
Regulations
vary
across
departments
and
universities.
According
to
Huang
Xiaoxiong,
a
journalism
teacher
at
Fudan
University,
students
need
to
ensure
that
auditing
a
class
is
permitted.
“It
is
about
basic
manners.
You
need
to
let
the
teacher
know
about
your
61
,”
he
explained.
“It’s
polite
to
greet
the
teacher
when
attending
a
course.
Participate
in
discussions,
but
do
not
distract
(使分心)
others,”
Huang
added.
“It’s
okay
to
hand
in
homework
assigned
by
the
teacher,
but
expect
general
advice
rather
than
careful
correction.”
Auditing
classes
62
or
beyond
one’s
ability
can
be
a
waste
of
time,
warns
Xu
Jun,
27,
HR
manager
at
Guangzhou
Automobile
Industry
Group.
“It’s
good
to
audit
some
classes.
But
you
have
to
manage
your
time
well,
as
you
can’t
get
any
academic
credit
or
formal
63
for
these
courses,”
Xu
suggested.“Even
though
your
interests
are
important,
your
64
is
the
first
thing
to
consider
at
university.”
50.A.limitation
B.
hesitation
C.
obligation
D.
tendency
51.A.
swept
B.
split
C.
smashed
D.
survived
52.
A.
imposed
B.
inserted
C.
extended
D.
released
53.
A.
habit
B.
route
C.
data
D.
rule
54.
A.
benefited
B.
transferred
C.
suffered
D.
managed
55.
A.
kept
B.
burdened
C.
expanded
D.
changed
56.
A.
kindness
B.
interest
C.
pressure
D.
instinct
57.A.
major
B.
campus
C.
control
D.
potential
58.
A.
instructions
B.
advantages
C.
possibilities
D.
qualifications
59.
A.
effectiveness
B.
uniqueness
C.
consciousness
D.
seriousness
60.
A.
affordable
B.
portable
C.
adaptable
D.
available
61.
A.
preference
B.
existence
C.
expectation
D.
performance
62.
A.
regularly
B.
purposefully
C.
moderately
D.
aimlessly
63.
A.
education
B.
investigation
C.
recognition
D.
comment
64.
A.
decision
B.
diligence
C.
devotion
D.degree
(
B)
All
over
the
world,
people
admire
the
beauty
and
grace
of
butterflies.
Butterflies
come
in
every
color
imaginable,
and
their
50
display
an
incredible
variety
of
patterns.
The
largest
butterfly,
Queen
Alexandra’s
Birdwing,
has
a
wingspan
(翼展)
of
up
to
280
millimeters
and
lives
in
Papua
New
Guinea.
The
smallest,
the
Western
Pygmy
Blue
in
the
southern
U.S.,
has
a
wingspan
of
only
12
millimeters.
Sadly,
some
of
these
beautiful
creatures
are
now
51
.
Estimates
indicate
that
between
15
and
20
thousand
species
of
butterflies
exist
around
the
world.
A
number
of
these
species
are
endangered,
over
20
in
Japan
52
.
Although
that
number
may
seem
small,
losing
even
one
species
would
be
53
.
Nowadays
scientists
even
look
to
butterflies
as
a
54
of
the
environment’s
health,
since
they
are
55
to
environmental
changes.
Many
environmentalists
around
the
world
are
eager
to
protect
the
endangered
butterflies
from
extinction.
The
American
Museum
of
Natural
History
in
New
York,
for
example,
has
an
unusual
butterfly
exhibit.
This
exhibit
56
the
important
role
that
butterflies
play
in
our
environment.
In
recent
years,
environmental
groups
have
made
significant
progress
in
57
endangered
butterfly
populations.
Governments
throughout
Asia
have
passed
laws
to
help
protect
endangered
wildlife,
including
butterflies.
An
area
called
Butterfly
Valley
in
Assam,
India,
has
become
the
focus
of
conscious
58
to
protect
the
butterflies’
habitat
(栖息地).
Other
projects
in
Serbia,
Japan,
and
Canada
are
also
hoping
to
59
.
Some
of
these
efforts
are
already
starting
to
work.
The
population
of
the
El
Segundo
Blue
Butterfly
in
California,
for
instance,
has
increased
by
8
percent
since
2010.
Finding
a
cure
for
the
butterfly
crisis
is,
60
,
not
just
for
environmental
groups.
61
citizens
can
plant
butterfly
gardens
to
support
and
enjoy
these
gentle
creatures.
A
group
of
female
prisoners
in
Belfair,
Washington,
are
helping
to
rescue
an
endangered
species
called
Taylor’s
Checkerspot.
They
recognize
how
62
seemingly
insignificant
creatures
can
be.
The
world
cannot
afford
to
lose
any
butterflies.
As
environmentalist
John
Muir
once
63
,
“When
we
try
to
pick
out
anything
by
itself,
we
find
it
64
to
everything
else
in
the
Universe.”
50.
A.
colors
B.
bodies
C.
wings
D.
feelers
51.
A.
out
of
control
B.
in
great
danger
C.
on
the
fly
D.
out
of
date
52.
A.
nearby
B.
though
C.
besides
D.
alone
53.
A.
predictable
B.
possible
C.
imaginable
D.
terrible
54.
A.
factor
B.
picture
C.
measure
D.
display
55.
A.
exposed
B.
accustomed
C.
sensitive
D.
resistant
56.
A.
highlights
B.
changes
C.
replaces
D.
finds
57.
A.
preserving
B.
controlling
C.
observing
D.
recognizing
58.
A.
projects
B.
efforts
C.
steps
D.
groups
59.
A.
set
an
example
B.
keep
the
promise
C.
make
a
difference
D.
take
the
time
60.
A.
however
B.
furthermore
C.
otherwise
D.
therefore
61.
A.
Distinguished
B.
Leading
C.
Senior
D.
Ordinary
62.
A.
graceful
B.
significant
C.
pitiful
D.
mysterious
63.
A.
proposed
B.
commented
C.
promised
D.
recommended
64.
A.
restricted
B.
adapted
C.
contributed
D.
tied
（C）
Even
before
the
dust
had
settled
on
the
wreckage
of
our
financial
institutions,
the
accusations
were
flying.
Who
was
really
to
__1__?
Was
it
the
greedy
investment
bankers
who
were
only
too
happy
to
take
huge
risks
with
loans
and
credit
as
long
as
they
were
gaining
enormous
profits?
Was
it
the
lenders,
who
were
__2__
to
lend
money
to
people
far
beyond
their
credit
worthiness?
Were
the
politicians
and
regulators
at
fault
for
allowing
debt
to
build
up
unchecked?
Or
were
the
homebuyers
responsible
for
taking
out
loans
they
could
never
expect
to
__3__?
And
let’s
not
forget
the
__4__,
who
were
happy
to
take
the
returns
on
offer
without
asking
why
the
interest
rates
were
so
high.
Of
course,
the
truth
is
that
all
of
the
above
__5__
the
collapse
and,
unless
we
stop
pointing
the
finger
at
each
other
and
focus
on
the
serious
business
of
recognizing
our
__6__
responsibility
for
our
difficulty,
we
will
find
ourselves
repeating
the
same
mistakes.
Let’s
face
it,
we
are
not
good
at
learning
lessons
from
past
__7__.
The
Great
Depression
of
the
1930s
was,
like
the
current
crisis,
preceded
by
a
housing
boom,
a
long
period
of
cheap
credit
and
a
stock
market
crash.
There
are
also
disturbing
__8__
between
recent
developments
and
the
events
in
Japan
in
the
1990s.
But
already
there
are
worrying
signs
of
our
being
__9__.
Investment
banks
are
falling
back
into
old
habits,
hiring
high-fliers
on
unbelievably
high
salaries
and
bonus
in
the
name
of
“We
need
good
people’.
Meanwhile,
governments
are
hesitating
in
their
commitment
to
__10__
the
tough
financial
regulations
that
they
were
banging
their
fists
about
only
months
ago.
It
is
as
though
we
can
only
__11__
for
so
long.
Then
we
shrug
our
shoulders
and
head
unwittingly
in
the
direction
of
the
next
__12__.
The
__13__
is
not
to
express
our
anger
to
each
other.
__14__,
we
all
need
to
pause
–bankers,
borrowers,
lenders,
savers,
legislators
and
acknowledge
our
failure.
Then
we
must
have
the
courage
to
take
the
necessary
steps,
whether
political,
corporate
or
__15__,
to
prevent
yet
another
cycle
of
boom
and
bust.
A.
blame
B.
expect
C.
remain
D.
represent
A.
gifted
B.
reluctant
C.
prepared
D.
humble
A.
repay
B.
obtain
C.
arrange
D.
secure
A.
regulators
B.
borrowers
C.
savers
D.
lawyers
A.
depended
on
B.
contributed
to
C.
resulted
from
D.
set
up
A.
temporary
B.
lifelong
C.
individual
D.
collective
A.
discoveries
B.
errors
C.
reforms
D.
markets
A.
barriers
B.
differences
C.
balances
D.
parallels
A.
powerless
B.
forgetful
C.
regretful
D.
careless
A.
impose
B.
cancel
C.
neglect
D.
explain
A.
go
ahead
B.
put
off
C.
look
backwards
D.
make
up
A.
crisis
B.
boom
C.
century
D.
promise
A.
process
B.
reason
C.
solution
D.
apology
A.
Besides
B.
Meanwhile
C.
Otherwise
D.
Instead
A.
professional
B.
personal
C.
formal
D.
educational
高考核心词汇检测
Though
_______________by
the
enemy,
the
brave
soldiers
were
not
nervous
at
all.
surrounded
B.
scolded
C.
secured
D.
selected
Some
parents
are
just
too
protective.
They
want
to
___
their
kids
from
every
kind
of
danger,
real
or
imagined.
A.
spot
B.
smash
C.
shelter
D.
struggle
Compared
with
his
sister,
Jerry
is
even
more
_____to,
and
more
easily
troubled
by
emotional
and
relationship
problems.
A.
skeptical
B.
reasonable
C.
sensible
D.
sensitive
By
practicing
good
thinking
____________,
we
became
more
creative.
A.
strategy
B.
relativity
C.
scenery
D.
significance
So
____________
our
health
and
our
study,
we
must
have
breakfast.
A.
for
the
sake
of
B.
at
the
risk
of
C.
in
respect
of
D.
in
response
to
His
family
is
very
rich
and
his
father
employs
a
large
___
of
servants
to
keep
the
house
clean.
A.
series
B.
species
C.
stuff
D.
staff
You
must
not
______________studies
for
pleasure.
A.
satisfy
B.
scrub
C.scratch
D.
sacrifice
Your
digital
camera
is
________
mine
in
function,
but
mine
is
relatively
cheaper.
A.
subject
to
B.
regarded
as
C.
relevant
to
D.
similar
to
The
director
insisted
that
the
meeting
be
held
according
to_________.
A.
signature
B.
schedule
C.
sightseeing
D.
shortcoming
You
should
be
careful
to
drive
for
the
road
was
_______after
the
rain.
A.
slippery
B.
slight
C.
smooth
D.
social
She
_________
the
instructions
so
that
the
children
could
understand
them.
A.
sought
B.
shaved
C.
shrank
D.
simplified
Once
you
have
formed
a
bad
habit,
it’s
very
difficult
to
___________it.
A.
get
rid
of
B.
run
out
of
C.
stick
to
D.
switch
off
Approaching
the
city
center,
we
saw
a
stone
statue
of
about
10
meters
in
height.
status
B.
statue
C.
statistic
D.
stair
The
poverty
level
was
shocking
and
the
small
_______
houses
gave
me
the
greatest
feeling
of
hopelessness.
shabby
B.senior
C.sacred
D.satisfactory
It
was
the
language
that
helped
shape
the
way
I
saw
things,
expressed
ideas,
and
made
_____
of
the
world.
sponsor
B.
sacrifice
C.scholarship
D.
sense
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