中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
1
语言点详解
1．-ing分词作状语的用法
一ing分词的结构
一ing分词作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随等意义，这时它相当于一个状语从句。
作原因状语
例：Being
ill
today，Mary
is
absent
from
the
English
test．
作时间状语
例：When
looking
out
of
the
window，you
can
see
the
famous
Opera
House．
作伴随状语
例：They
went
back
home，chatting
and
laughing·
作结果状语
例：He
died
from
a
sudden
traffic
accident，leaving
the
experiment
half—done．
作条件状语
例：Listening
to
English
every
day，you’ll
learn
it
well
step
by
step．
注意点：
(1)-ing分词作状语与-ed分词作状语的区别
一般来说，-ing分词表示主动、进行；-ed分词表示被动、完成。
(2)-ing分词作状语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。
2．It’s
(was)advisable
+that从句
It’s(was)advisable
+that从句中，从句的谓语动词的结构是(should)+do(动词原形)。用于此句型结构的还有其他形容词，比如important，natural，strange，necessary，essential，urgent，etc·。
例：It
is
essential
that
ways
and
means
to
protect
the
environment(should)be
adopted
as
soon
Unit
2
语言点详解
-ing分词作定语的用法
-ing分词作定语一般表示正在发生的动作或某一种状态。单个-ing分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词之
前，有时也可放在名词之后。现在分词短语则通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
the
rising
sun正在升起的太阳。the
sun
that
is
rising
a
sleeping
child熟睡的孩子
boiling
water
沸水
lasting
peace永久的和平
the
lady
sitting
at
the
desk(=the
lady
who
is
sitting
at
the
desk)
Unit
3
语言点详解
1.-
ing分词作表语的用法
-
ing分词作表语．表示主语的特征．常用于事物。
例：The
game
sounds
interesting．
The
animal
looks
very
frightening
The
news
turns
out
to
be
disappointing．
2．-ing分词作宾语补足语的用法
-ing分词作宾语补足语主要用于以下动词之后的复合宾语里：
表示感知的动词，如see．hear．feel，find等。
例：I
saw
him
climbing
the
mountain
yesterday
after．
My
mother
said
that
she
felt
her
13ea
rt
beating
fast．
表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，set，keep．get等。
例：Can
you
get
tile
car
going?
They
kept
me
doing
it
for
three
hours.
Unit
4
语言点详讲：
1.-ing分词的完成式的用法
-ing分词的完成式用作状语，强调一个动作在另一个动作开始前已经完成，或强调第一个动作持续一段时间后发生第二个动作，也强调两个动作之间有一段间隔。
例:
Having
originally
created
the
environment
we
live
in,
plants
may
be
called
on
once
more
to
save
it.
?
-ing分词的完成式用作宾语时，强调它表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前，但有时，也可用分词的
一般式代替完成式
例：Jack
admitted
having
broken
the
window
in
the
class
room.
=Jack
admitted
breaking
the
window
in
the
classroom.
2.-ing分词的被动式的用法
-ing分词的被动式可用作主语或宾语．它的逻辑主语是它所表示动作的承受者。
例：I
am
not
used
to
being
treated
like
that.
-ing分词的被动式还可用作定浯、时间状语或原因状语，含有被动、完成两层意思。
例：It
is
said
that
the
book
being
written
by
the
famous
film
star
will
be
published
next
month.
Being
examined
by
the
doctor，I
felt
nervous.
Unit
5
语言点详解
1．不定式的进行式的用法
不定式的进行式(to
be
doing)表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
例：The
old
woman
seemed
to
be
enjoying
herself
常与不定式的进行式连用的动词有：
pretend，happen，think，believe，consider，say，seem，appear，report等
例：She
happened
to
be
doing
her
homework
when
her
father
came
back
比较：Mr.
Wang
is
said
to
write
a
letter
to
his
s6n
据说王先生要给他儿子写信。
Mr.
Wang
is
said
to
be
writing
a
letter
to
his
son
据说，王先生正在给他儿子写信。
注意：不定式的进行式有时也可表示一个反复的动作。
例：I
don’t
like
the
customers
to
be
constantly
complaining
about
the
quality
of
products．
2．不定式的完成式的用法
不定式的完成式(to
have
done)表示该动作(或状态)发生或出现在谓语所表示的动作(或状态)之前。
例：The
policeman
seemed
to
have
known
the
truth
·不定式的完成式(to
have
done)在句中的作用。
(1)用作主语或宾语。
例：It’s
my
pleasure
to
have
talked
to
you
I
consider
it
a
shame
not
to
have
recognized
you
immediately．
(2)用于形容词后作原因状语。
例：I’m
sorry
to
have
hurt
you
(3)用于seem，appear，happen，pretend等动词之后。
例：Tom
happened
to
have
finished
his
homework
The
girl
pretended
to
have
fallen
asleep
when
her
mother
came
in.
(4)用于be+said／thought／considered／reported／believed等之后。
例：The
teacher
is
said
to
have
taught
English
for
25
years
Sixteen
persons
were
reported
to
have
been
arrested
by
the
policewomen
last
night
Unit
6
语言点详解
1．掌握不定式的被动用法
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。动词不定式又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。
不定式作定语只能用被动式的情况如下：
(1)为了表达需要，强调不定式动作的执行者时．须用被动式．常用by结构引导。
例：2008
Olympic
Games
are
the
first
great
Olympic
Games
to
be
held
by
Chinese
2008年奥运会是中国人首次举办的奥运盛会。
(2)不定式所修饰的名词是将要被做的事情时．不定式须用被动式。
例：The
problem
to
be
discussed
at
the
next
meeting
is
of
great
importance．
下次会议上将要讨论的这个问题至关重要。
The
building
to
be
built
next
yea
r
will
be
used
at
the
office
building
明年要建设的大楼将用作办公楼。
·注意点：
(1)在“There
be”结构中，主语被不定式修饰(不定式作定语)时．既可用主动式，也可用被动式．意义上无甚区别。
例：There
was
a
lot
of
problems
to
deal
with／to
be
dealt
with.
有许多问题需要处理。
(2)在“with／without十宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是不定式，不定式表示将要发生的动作．且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者．此时不定式须用主动式。
例：With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle．the
newly—elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time．
Unit
7
语言点详解
1．-ed分词的用法
·作状语
(1)
-ed分词作状语，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语。
例：The
teacher
appeared，followed
by
many
students.
Seen
from
the
hill．the
city
looks
beautiful.
·-ed分词和逻辑主语之间关系是被动的。
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，常将从句中的主语和助动词省去，只留下从属连词和-ed分词短语，在句中分别作时间状语、原因状语和条件状语等。常见的从属连词有：if，as，though，unless，until，when，while，as
if，once，whenever。
例：Though
still
practised
today，the
tea
ceremony
may
not
be
as
popular
as
it
used
to
be.
Don’t
do
it
unless
asked.
lf
caught
cheating，the
student
would
be
punished
When
heated，ice
will
be
changed
into
water
(3)-ed分同做伴随状语、原因状语。
例：The
girl
he
rd
the
bad
news
and
went
away,
disappointed.
Greatly
encouraged
by
the
teacher，she
made
great
progress
in
English.
(4)-ed分词用于独立主格结构。
有时由名词通格／代词主格加上-ed分词构成独立主格结构。这种结构多用来表示行为方式或伴随状况．有时用来表示时间、原因、条件等。这时-ed分词与前面的名词通格／代词主格之间是被动的逻辑关系。
例：The
homework
finished
=When
the
homework
was
finished),
the
child
went
to
bed.
He
rushed
into
the
room,
his
face
covered
with
sweat.
With+宾语+-ed分词．表伴随。
例：She
sat
with
her
head
bent
All
afternoon
he
worked
with
the
door
locked.
(5)否定式为not十-ed分词。
例：Not
worried
by
his
failure．he
went
on
experimenting.
·作定语
与动词不定式、动名词及现在分词相比，同样作为非谓语的-ed分词其形式是单一固定的：done(以动词do为例)。其表达的意义经常是被动或完成或二者兼而有之。
例：The
stolen
money
was
returned
to
the
owner
soon.
The
bridge
built
last
year
is
modern.
(划线部分为过去分词和过去分词短语，既表示被动又表示完成．分别作前置和后置定语。)
现在分词、过去分词和不定式被动式作定语时的区别。
现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动且动作已完成。不定式被动式表示被动而动作未完成。
例：China
is
one
of
the
developing
countries
in
the
world,
as
is
known
to
all.
Tile
houses
damaged
in
the
flood
have
been
rebuilt.
There
will
be
a
concert
to
be
held
in
the
hall
e
tonight
(2)现在分词的被动形式与过去分词表示被动的区别。
现在分词的被动形式表示正在被执行的事．过去分词表示已发生过的或已被完成的动作。
例：A
lot
of
high-rises
being
built
can
be
seen
in
the
city
of
Shanghai
在上海，处处可见正在建造中的摩天大楼。
The
World
Cup
held
in
the
Republic
of
Korea
and
Japan
was
a
successful
one.
在日韩举办的世界杯是成功的。
Unit
8
语言点详解
1．-ed分词的用法。
·作表语(系表结构)
-ed分词相当于一个形容词来表示主语的状态。常见的这类-ed分词有：disappointed，astonished，excited．interested，satisfied，surprised，puzzled，shocked，worried等。
例：She
looked
disappointed.
·注意
(1)-ing分词作表语，常表示主语的性质．-ed分词则说明主语的状态。一般而言，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词．中文意思是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因此-ing分词是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，-ed分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。我们可以得出结论，表示“令人……的”用-ing形式，“感到……的”用-ed形式。
(2)-ed分词作表语，相当于形容词。不可与构成被动语态的分词混淆起来。
例：The
shop
is
closed
now．商店现在已关门了。(表语，说明主语所处的状态)
The
shop
is
usually
closed
at
9：30
P
m
商店通常在晚上9
：30关门。
(被动语态，表示动作)
·作宾语补足语
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词hear，see，find，feel，notice，watch，think等。
例：I
found
all
the
windows
broken
(2)使役动词：get，have，make，keep，leave等。
例：I’m
sorry
I’ve
left
some
of
your
questions
unanswered.
(3)表示“希望、要求”的动词：like，order，want，wish等。
例：He
did
not
want
it
mentioned.
·注意：
have／get
sth.
done
(1)让／叫别人(为自己)做某事。
例：have／get
my
hair
cut
(2)经历／遭遇某事，有时指不幸的事。
例：She
got
her
watch
stolen
(3)使完成某事，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。
例：In
that
yea
r
he
had
a
hundred
dollars
saved.
SectionA
Grammar
Kazuo
Ishiguro
wins
the
Nobel
prize
in
literature
2017
Ishiguro,
author
of
novels
(31)
______
(include)
The
Remains
of
the
Day
and
Never
Let
Me
Go,
was
praised
by
the
Swedish
Academy
in
October
2017
for
his
unique
writing.
This
Britain’s
(32)
______
(new)
literary
Nobel
prize
winner
was
born
in
Nagasaki
(长崎)
in
1954.
His
mother,
who
is
still
alive
and
taking
immense
pride
(33)
______
her
son’s
achievement,
survived
the
atomic
bomb.
His
father,
an
oceanographer,
moved
his
family
to
England
in
1959.
Ishiguro
said
that
his
parents
didn’t
have
the
mentality
of
immigrants
because
they
always
thought
they
would
go
home.
Ishiguro
studied
creative
writing
at
the
University
of
East
Anglia,
(34)
______
(go)
on
to
publish
his
first
novel,
A
Pale
View
of
the
Hills,
in
1982.
He
has
been
a
full-time
writer
ever
since.
According
to
the
Academy,
the
themes
of
“memory,
time
and
self-delusion”
weave
through
his
work,
particularly
in
The
Remains
of
the
Day,
which
won
Ishiguro
the
Booker
prize
in
1989
and
(35)
______
(adapt)
into
a
film
in
the
same
year.
“We’ve
lost
faith
in
our
political
system,
we’re
not
quite
sure
of
our
values,
and
I
just
hope
that
my
winning
the
Nobel
prize
contributes
something
that
integrate
good
will
and
peace,”
Ishiguro
said.
“It
reminds
us
of
(36)
______
international
the
world
is,
and
we
all
have
to
contribute
things
from
our
different
corners
of
the
world.”
Besides,
Ishiguro
expressed
his
concern
at
the
distracting
burden
of
celebrity
that
the
Nobel
prize
(37)
______
bring
and
impact
on
his
writing.
He
said:
“I’ve
had
to
battle
a
lot
of
my
writing
life
between
the
demands
to
be
a
public
celebrity
author
and
finding
the
time
and
space
to
do
the
real
work,
so
I’m
hoping
the
work
(38)
______
just
continues
and
is
no
different
to
where
it
was
yesterday.”
The
Permanent
secretary
of
the
Academy
said
“he
is
someone
who
is
very
interested
in
understanding
the
past,
(39)
______
he
is
not
determined
to
make
up
for
the
past.
He
is
exploring
what
you
have
to
forget
in
order
to
survive
in
the
first
place
(40)
______
an
individual.”
31.
including
32.
newest
33.
in
34.
going
35.
was
adapted
36.
how
37.
might/
could
38.
itself
39.
but
40.
as
SectionB
Vocabulary
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
with
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
There
is
one
extra
word
which
you
don’t
need.
A.
illegal
B.
alternative
C.
inconvenience
D.
challenge
E.
advisable
F.
marathon
G.
object
H.
register
I.
impose
J.
debatable
K.
keen
A
photograph
of
the
registration
card
of
a
newborn
in
Xi’an,
Shaanxi
province
has
gone
explosive
online
because
the
girl
has
a
unique
name:
Wangzhe
Rongyao,
or
King
of
Glory,
a
popular
mobile
game.
On
domestic
social
network
platforms,
many
have
questioned
whether
the
father
is
to
___41___social
rules
by
naming
his
daughter
King
of
Glory.
But
local
police
have
said
people
have
the
right
to
choose
any
name
for
their
children,
and
there
is
nothing
“___42___”
or
“immoral”
about
the
newborn’s
name.
And
since
the
name
is
composed
of
standard
Chinese
characters,
they
will
___43___
it.
Yet
it
remains
___44___
whether
the
father
has
made
a
wise
choice
because
the
name
“King
of
Glory”
could
cause
___45___
to
the
girl.
First,
one
person
is
distinguished
from
another
by
a
name.
If
the
girl
is
named
after
a
popular
mobile
game,
she
will
become
a(n)
___46___
of
ridicule
or
jokes,
which
in
turn
could
make
the
person
a
loner
and
affect
his
or
her
character.
Second,
while
the
father
is
a(n)
___47___
player
of
King
of
Glory,
it
certainly
is
not
the
girl’s
favourite
at
this
stage.
In
such
a
case,
does
the
man
have
the
right
to
___48___
his
love
for
the
game
on
his
daughter?
And
if
the
girl
is
unhappy
with
her
name
after
growing
up,
she
would
want
to
change
it,
which
would
involve
quite
a(n)
___49___
legal
procedure.
More
importantly,
a
person’s
name
is
the
most
important
element
in
such
documents
as
ID
card,
school
and
college
diplomas,
as
well
as
health
records.
She
may
well
have
to
get
these
documents
changed,
too,
which
again
would
be
troublesome.
Does
the
man
want
his
daughter
to
go
through
all
that
trouble?
What
the
father
in
Xi’an
has
done
may
be
legal
but
not
___50____.
41-50
DAHJC
GKIFE
SectionC
Reading
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Ecotourism
is
a
combination
of
ecology
(the
study
of
systems
of
living
things)
and
tourism.
It
is
___51___
“responsible
travel
to
natural
areas
that
preserves
the
environment
and
improves
the
welfare
of
the
local
people”
by
the
International
Ecotourism
Society.
Actually,
ecotourism
can
mean
travel
to
far-off
places
of
great
natural
beauty,
but
not
always
in
a(n)
___52___
way.
It’s
a
big
business,
and
the
attraction
of
money
can
cause
people
to
think
about
___53___
first.
While
ecotourism
offers
benefits
to
people
and
ecosystems,
it
leaves
ecosystems
open
to
negative
effects,
too.
Costa
Rica,
once
a
Spanish
colony,
and
independent
since
1821,
has
an
ecotourism
industry
worth
over
one
billion
dollars
yearly,
and
thousands
of
jobs
have
been
___54___.
Nearly
21
percent
of
the
land
is
now
protected
national
parks,
___55___
thanks
to
ecotourism.
Nevertheless,
due
to
the
number
of
people
visiting
the
country’s
natural
places,
some
damage
to
the
ecosystem
has
occurred.
While
___56___
can
have
a
negative
impact
on
ecosystems,
the
same
areas
might
have
been
___57___
by
industries
such
as
farming,
logging,
or
mining
if
there
were
no
ecotourism
industry.
Shelters
(庇护所)
have
been
created
___58___,
keeping
the
ecosystem
protected.
And,
by
visiting
beautiful
rainforests
and
seeing
rare
animals,
visitors
get
a
sense
of
their
___59___,
and
of
gratitude
for
them.
Tour
guides
can
also
be
educators
who
train
people
to
love
and
care
for
the
environment.
Visitors
can
take
these
___60___
with
them
to
their
home
countries.
Unfortunately,
while
their
effect
may
not
be
___61___
in
the
off-season,
the
constant
parade
of
visitors
in
the
high
season
can
be
damaging.
At
one
national
park
in
Costa
Rica,
wild
monkeys
now
feed
on
garbage
left
by
the
tourists.
___62___,
ecotourists
tend
to
seek
out
places
with
the
rarest
animals
and
plants,
___63___
the
most
delicate
living
things.
It
is
easy
to
be
critical
of
the
ecotourism
industry,
but
it
is
important
to
be
___64___
as
well.
Ecotourism
can
never
be
“pure”.
We
can’t
expect
zero
negative
effects
on
the
ecosystem.
It
is
also
___65___
to
suppose
that
humans
won’t
go
anywhere
accessible
to
them.
If
protection
efforts
are
maintained
and
increased,
those
remaining
places
of
undisturbed
nature
may
be
stressed,
but
they
won’t
be
destroyed.
51.
A.
defined
as
B.
made
up
of
C.
applied
to
D.
combined
with
52.
A.
attractive
B.
natural
C.
different
D.
responsible
53.
A.
effects
B.
nature
C.
profits
D.
economy
54.
A.
lost
B.
created
C.
abandoned
D.
shifted
55.
A.
mainly
B.
comparatively
C.
unfortunately
D.
barely
56.
A.
tourists
B.
environment
C.
manufacturers
D.
politics
57.
A.
fertilized
B.
destroyed
C.
reserved
D.
stimulated
58.
A.
equally
B.
regularly
C.
instead
D.
though
59.
A.
freedom
B.
hardness
C.
welfare
D.
value
60.
A.
ecosystems
B.
lessons
C.
animals
D.
trainers
61.
A.
uncertain
B.
noticeable
C.
healthy
D.
special
62.
A.
For
instance
B.
On
the
contrary
C.
In
addition
D.
As
a
whole
63.
A.
appreciating
B.
discovering
C.
sheltering
D.
pressuring
64.
A.
positive
B.
creative
C.
effective
D.
sensitive
65.
A.
feasible
B.
reasonable
C.
unrealistic
D.
inevitable
答案：
51-55
ADCBA
56-60
ABCDB
61-65
BCDAC
SectionD
Translation
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1.
他们招收我为网球俱乐部会员。（enroll）
____________________________________________________________________.
2.我碰巧读过老师推荐的这本书。（recommend）
__________________________________________________________________.
3.
如果你想使你的梦想得以实现，你必须更加努力。(come
true)
__________________________________________________________________.
4．我突然想到，我可以借助互联网去帮助有困难的陌生人。(occur)
__________________________________________________________________.
5．由于鼠标用起来轻而易举，它是与电脑互动的一种极为有效的方式。(effort)
__________________________________________________________________.
Translation
(参考答案)
1.
They
enrolled
me
as
a
member
of
the
tennis
club.
2.
I
happen
to
have
read
the
book
which
was
recommended
by
the
teacher.
3.
If
you
want
to
make
your
dream
come
true,
you
should
work
even
harder.
4.It
suddenly
occurred
to
me
that
I
could
turn
to
the
Internet
to
help
the
strangers
in
need/trouble.
5.As
using
a
mouse
takes/costs
little
effort,
it
remains/is
a
highly
efficient/effective
method
of
interacting
with
a
computer.
高二上期末复习卷
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Norway
is
Teaching
Travelers
to
Travel
After
15
people
died
during
Easter
in
1967,
the
Norwegian
Trekking
Association
and
the
Red
Cross
announced
their
campaign
‘Welcome
to
the
mountains,
but
be
responsible
(?https:?/??/?www.visitnorway.com?/?plan-your-trip?/?safety-first?/?in-the-mountains?/?the-mountain-code?/?"
\t
"_blank?)’.
Fjellvettreglene,
the
‘mountain
code’
(21)
______
encourages
people
to
have
a
healthy
and
respectful
relationship
with
nature,
has
since
become
a
crucial
part
of
Norwegian
culture.
It
includes
points
such
as
bringing
necessary
equipment
(22)
______
(assist)
yourself
and
others,
seeking
shelter
if
necessary
and
feeling
no
shame
in
turning
around.
Nationally,
Norway
(23)
______
(experience)
an
11%
increase
in
tourism
in
the
past
decade.
From
just
1,000
tourists
in
the
whole
of
2010,
Trolltunga,
a
piece
of
rock
that
stands
horizontally
out
of
the
mountain,
(24)
______
(see)
1,800
visitors
in
one
day
alone.
Why?
Because
people
want
the
same
picture
they
see
on
Instagram
and
Facebook.
A
lot
don’t
care
about
the
experience
of
the
hike.
They
just
want
proof
(25)
______
they
did
it.
But,
while
good
for
the
economy,
this
tourism
boom
has
become
a
threat
(26)
______
Norway’s
natural
environment.
Used
toilet
paper,
(27)
______
(abandon)
tents
and
plastic
bottles
can
be
found
littered
all
around
Trolltunga.
And
with
the
high
amount
of
people
who
come
unprepared
for
such
an
active
hike,
Norway’s
leading
hiking
group,
Friluftsliv,
also
has
called
for?regulations
(?https:?/??/?www.thelocal.no?/?20161018?/?norway-hikers-groups-calls-for-limits-to-tourism"
\t
"_blank?)?on
the
number
of
tourists
(28)
______
(hike)
to
Trolltunga.
Lasse
Heimdal,
leader
of
the
outdoor
organization
said,
“On
a
busy
day,
you
may
have
to
wait
in
line
for
an
hour
and
a
half
just
to
get
a
picture.
To
control
this,
we’d
like
to
regulate
(29)
______
_____
people
can
hike
in
a
day.
Starting
hike
times
should
also
have
regulations
so
people
don’t
start
too
late
and
find
(30)
______
stuck
up
here.”
21.
which
/that
22.
to
assist
23.
has
experienced
24.
saw
25.
that
26.
to
27.
abandoned
28.
hiking
29.
how
many
30.
themselves
Section
B
communicating
B.
reflection
C.
implied
D.
interrupted
E.
thoughtful
F.
value
G.
agreement
H.
sharing
I.
gap
J.
possible
K.
conflicts
The
meaning
of
silence
varies
among
cultural
group.
Silences
may
be
31
,
or
they
may
be
empty
when
a
person
has
nothing
to
say.
A
silence
in
a
conversation
may
also
show
stubbornness,
uneasiness,
or
worry.
Silence
may
be
viewed
by
some
cultural
groups
as
extremely
uncomfortable;
therefore
attempts
may
be
made
to
fill
every
32
with
conversation.
Persons
in
other
cultural
groups
value
silence
and
view
it
as
necessary
for
understanding
a
person’s
needs.
Many
native
Americans
value
silence
and
feel
it
is
a
basic
part
of
33
among
people,
just
as
some
traditional
Chinese
and
Thai
persons
do.
Therefore,
when
a
person
from
one
of
these
culture
is
speaking
and
suddenly
stops,
what
may
be
34
is
that
the
person
wants
the
listener
to
consider
what
has
been
said
before
continuing.
In
these
culture,
silence
is
a
call
for
35
.
Other
cultures
may
use
silence
in
other
ways,
particularly
when
dealing
with
36
among
people
or
in
relationships
of
people
with
different
amounts
of
power.
For
example,
Russian,
French,
and
Spanish
persons
may
use
silence
to
show
37
between
parties
about
the
topic
under
discussion.
However,
Mexicans
may
use
silence
when
instructions
are
given
by
a
person
in
authority
rather
than
be
rude
to
that
person
by
arguing
with
him
or
her.
In
still
another
use,
persons
in
Asian
cultures
may
view
silence
as
a
sign
of
respect,
particularly
to
an
elder
or
a
person
in
authority.
Nurses
and
other
care-givers
need
to
be
aware
of
the
38
meanings
of
silence
when
they
come
across
the
personal
anxiety
their
patients
may
be
experiencing.
Nurses
should
recognize
their
own
personal
and
cultural
construction
of
silence
so
that
a
patient’s
silence
is
not
39
too
early
or
allowed
to
go
on
unnecessarily.
A
nurse
who
understands
the
healing
40
of
silence
can
use
this
understanding
to
assist
in
the
care
of
patients
from
their
own
and
from
other
cultures.
31-40
EIACB
KGJDF
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
It's
no
secret
that
as
a
population,
Americans
have
been
getting
heavier,
but
researchers
now
say
that
our
weight
problem
may
be
worse
than
we
thought.
In
a
study
published
in
the
journal
PLOS
One,
lead
author
Dr.
Eric
Braverman
says
that
our
current
measure
of
obesity
--
body
mass
index,
or
BMI
--
significantly
(41)
______
the
number
of
people,
especially
women,
who
are
obese.
Braverman
and
his
co-author,
Dr.
Nirav
Shah,
studied
1,400
men
and
women,
comparing
their
BMI
measurement
to
their
percentage
of
body
fat,
as
measured
by
a
dual-energy
X-ray
absorptiometry
(DEXA)
scan.
While
BMI
is
a
simple
ratio
of
a
person’s
height
and
weight,
the
DEXA
scan--
which
is
normally
used
to
measure
body
density
(密度)
--
can
(42)
______
between
bone,
fat
and
muscle
mass.
Based
on
BMI,
about
one-third
of
Americans
are
considered
obese,
but
when
other
methods
of
measuring
obesity
are
used,
that
number
may
be
(43)
______
to
60%
according
to
Braverman.
Physicians
have
complained
for
years
that
BMI
is
a(n)
(44)
______
measure
of
healthy
weight.
Extremely
muscular
people,
(45)
______
,
may
weigh
“too
much”
for
their
height,
since
dense
muscle
mass
weighs
more
than
fat,
thus
qualifying
as
obese
even
if
their
bodies
contain
very
little
fat.
Yet
it’s
not
extra
weight
itself,
but
excess
fat
that
(46)
______
health
problems.
“People
aren’t
being
diagnosed
as
obese,
so
they’re
not
being
told
about
their
risk
of
disease
or
being
given
(47)
_____
on
how
to
improve
their
health,”
Braverman
said.
Data
show
that
people
who
start
to
(48)
______
pounds
are
more
likely
to
continue
getting
heavier,
increasing
their
risk
for
a
number
of
diseases.
So
why
is
BMI
still
being
used,
if
it’s
not
(49)
______?
For
now,
it’s
the
best
and
easiest
way
for
physicians
to
measure
a
person’s
healthy
weight
while
taking
into
account
his
or
her
general
body
(50)
______.
DEXA
scans
are
far
too
expensive
to
be
used
as
a
(51)
______
measure
during
doctor’s
visits.
BMI
isn’t
perfect,
but
many
experts
say
it’s
the
best
they
have.
Still,
as
results
like
Braverman’s
continue
to
(52)
______,
it
may
be
time
to
consider
other
ways
of
tracking
weight,
and
(53)
______,
body
fat.
“It’s
important
to
point
out
the
(54)
______
of
the
BMI,”
Dr.Richard
Bergman,
director
of
Cedars
Sinai’s
Obesity
and
Diabetes
Research
Institute
in
Los
Angeles
said.
“It’s
a
poor
measure
of
(55)
______,
and
we
do
need
better
measures.”
A.
predicts
B.
underestimates
C.
increases
D.
reduces
A.
compare
B.
recognize
C.
identify
D.
distinguish
A.
closer
B.
related
C.
devoted
D.
key
A.
important
B.
imperfect
C.
incredible
D.
uncertain
A.
for
example
B.
in
contrast
C.
in
addition
D.
without
doubt
A.
arises
from
B.
owes
to
C.
leads
to
D.
goes
through
A.
views
B.
orders
C.
instruction
D.
focus
A.keep
up
B.
put
on
C.
set
aside
D.
break
away
A.
right
B.
recognizable
C.
popular
D.
precise
A.
structure
B.
well-being
C.
function
D.
weight
A.
special
B.
routine
C.
scientific
D.
decisive
A.
fill
in
B.
run
out
C.
go
down
D.
build
up
A.
in
particular
B.
on
occasion
C.
after
all
D.
in
all
A.
mistakes
B.
failure
C.
inferiority
D.
weakness
A.
health
B.
body
C.
fatness
D.
diseases
【答案】B
D
A
B
A
C
C
B
D
A
B
D
A
D
C
Section
B
(
A
)
Post-00s
is
a
documentary
about
growing
up.
It
covers
almost
every
aspect
of
millennials’(千禧一代的)
experiences
on
their
path
toward
adolescence
–
their
struggles
with
schoolwork,
their
relationship
with
peers,
their
confusion
if
a
younger
brother
or
sister
is
born
into
the
family,
and
their
growing
desire
to
keep
a
distance
from
their
parents.
But
this
five-episode
series
was
different
from
any
other
TV
program
with
a
similar
theme.
Post-00s
was
filmed
over
a
period
of
10
years,
during
which
the
show’s
makers
followed
a
group
of
kids
from
when
they
were
infants
through
to
when
they
became
teenagers.
In
other
words,
the
show’s
“characters”
grow
older
for
real,
and
their
stories
are
all
real.
“Coming-of-age”
stories,
as
they’re
known,
have
a
special
appeal.
They
satisfy
our
curiosity
of
looking
at
someone
else’s
life,
and
we
become
more
and
more
attached
to
the
characters
as
if
we
truly
know
them.
And
while
we
enjoy
the
truthfulness
of
the
stories
because
nothing
is
set
in
advance,
we
also
can’t
help
but
feel
the
cruelty
of
reality.
After
all,
there’s
no
re-writing
of
the
script
（剧本）
and
there’s
no
turning
back
–
this
is
real
life.
This
realness
can
also
be
seen
in
Boyhood,
a
2014
film
that
won
the
Silver
Bear
award
for
best
director
at
the
64th
Berlin
International
Film
Festival.
During
a
period
of
12
years,
the
film
follows
the
life
of
Mason
Jr
–
played
by
US
actor
Ellar
Coltrane
–
from
when
he
was
6
to
when
he
finished
high
school.
One
of
Boyhood’s
appeals
comes
from
its
“ordinariness”.
Mason
Jr
isn’t
some
child
genius...
He
is
a
quietly
spoken,
fairly
typical
American
boy,
growing
up
in
the
Texas
suburbs.
He
likes
riding
his
bike
and
playing
video
games.
While
coming-of-age
stories
may
look
ordinary
on
the
outside,
they
often
allow
us
to
look
underneath
the
surface
and
see
something
extraordinary
–
the
power
of
life
itself.
56.
In
the
documentary,
we
see
post-00’s
growing
experience
EXCEPT
__________.
A.
how
they
deal
with
their
studies
B.
how
they
help
look
after
brothers
or
sisters
C.
how
they
get
along
with
people
of
their
age
D.
how
much
they
long
to
be
independent
of
their
parents
57.
What
do
Post-00
and
Boyhood
have
in
common?
A.
They’re
intended
to
win
an
award
for
best
director.
B.
The
heroes
and
heroines
are
characters
themselves.
C.
They’re
a
kind
of
reality
show
of
ordinary
kids’
growth.
D.
The
stories
are
based
on
true
life
but
polished
by
writers.
58.
Audience
are
interested
in
“coming-of-age”
stories
because
__________.
A.
they
can
see
the
truth
of
life
B.
they
know
the
characters
well
C.
they
are
much
fond
of
gossip
D.
they
appreciate
stories
of
daily
life
59.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Post-00s
are
different
geniuses
B.
Actors
are
ordinary
characters
C.
Documentary
is
real
life
D.
Life
is
one
big
story
56-59
BCAD
(B)
Overview
Explore
Stewart
Island
and
the
surrounding
bays
in
our
modern
mini-buses.
Our
guides
enjoy
sharing
their
local
knowledge
of
the
history
and
environment
of
Stewart
Island.
Highlights
include
Lee
Bay,
the
gateway
to
Rakiura
National
Park,
beautiful
Horseshoe
Bay
and
amazing
views
of
Paterson
Inlet
from
Observation
Rock.
Village
&
Bays
TourLeaving
from
Stewart
Island
Season:
All
Year
Duration:
1
hour
30
mins
Prize:
$45
(Adult)
More
information
Departure
location:
Oban
Visitor
Centre.
What
to
bring:
Comfortable
walking
shoes
or
boots,
waterproof
jacket,
warm
sweater
or
fleece
jacket,
sunscreen
or
sunglasses,
insect
repellent
and
camera.
Car
parking:
Vehicle
parking
is
available
at
Oban
(extra
cost—reservations
recommended).
Wheelchair
access:
Available.
Children
ticket:
Children
under
ten
go
free
for
travel
as
long
as
they
are
accompanied
by
an
adult.
Reviews
“There
was
so
much
to
see
and
learn
that
it
was
hard
to
take
everything
in.
The
bays
we
stopped
at
were
beautiful
with
golden
sandy
beaches,
the
forests
were
overpowering
and
we
expected
dinosaurs
to
appear
at
any
time,
the
views
from
lookout
point
were
splendid
and
the
anchor
point
with
Bluff
brought
a
smile.
Thank
you
to
Chris
and
the
experienced
team
for
such
an
informative
tour.”
Ron
P
(?http:?/??/?www.tripadvisor.co.nz?/?Attraction_Review-g255123-d1485315-Reviews-Village_Bays_Tours_Stewart_Island_Experience-Stewart_Island_Southland_Region_Sout.html"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"Ron
P
via
Trip
Advisor?)
“Any
visitor
to
Stewart
Island
could
do
no
better
than
take
one
of
the
guided
tours
from
the
Oban
Visitor
Centre—especially
if
you
only
have
limited
time
available.
We
had
the
delightful
and
extremely
informative
Kylie
conduct
a
small
number
on
one
of
the
village
tours.
This
is
a
beautiful
place—a
few
fascinating
shops
and
restaurants,
wonderful
walks
and
warm
and
friendly
people.”
Michael
Mason
(?http:?/??/?www.tripadvisor.co.nz?/?Attraction_Review-g255123-d1485315-Reviews-Village_Bays_Tours_Stewart_Island_Experience-Stewart_Island_Southland_Region_Sout.html"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"MichaelMas0n
via
Trip
Advisor?)
“I
love
finding
out
about
places
and
the
guide
was
full
of
information
and
stories
as
we
visited
every
interesting
place
and
view
in
Oban
(it
didn’t
take
too
long...).
A
great
way
to
start
a
visit
as
it
helps
you
know
where
everything
is.”
Kiwieric
(?http:?/??/?www.tripadvisor.co.nz?/?Attraction_Review-g255123-d1485315-Reviews-Village_Bays_Tours_Stewart_Island_Experience-Stewart_Island_Southland_Region_Sout.html"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"Kiwieric
via
Trip
Advisor?)
60.
If
a
traveler
plans
to
leave
a
car
at
Oban,
he
had
better
________.
A.
refer
to
the
guides
first
B.
use
wheelchair
access
C.
make
a
reservation
D.
walk
to
the
center
in
advance
61.
Herry,
a
six-year-old
boy,
wanted
to
have
a
sightseeing
of
the
Stewart
Island
with
his
parents.
How
much
should
they
pay
for
the
mini-bus
tour?
A.
$135.
B.
$90.
C.
$
45.
D.
Free.
62.
If
a
traveler
takes
the
guided
tour,
he
can
experience
all
the
following
EXCEPT
________.
A.
breath-taking
scenery
B.
charming
walks
C.
dinosaur
samples
D.
detailed
tour
guide
CDC
(C)
While
still
catching-up
to
men
in
some
spheres
of
modern
life,
women
appear
to
be
way
ahead
in
at
least
one
undesirable
category.
“Women
are
particularly
susceptible
to
developing
depression
and
anxiety
disorders
in
response
to
stress
compared
to
men,”
according
to
Dr.
Yehuda,
chief
psychiatrist
at
New
York’s
Veteran’s
Administration
Hospital.
Studies
of
both
animals
and
humans
have
shown
that
sex
hormones
somehow
affect
the
stress
response,
causing
females
under
stress
to
produce
more
of
the
trigger
chemicals
than
do
males
under
the
same
conditions.
In
several
of
the
studies,
when
stressed-out
female
rats
had
their
ovaries
(the
female
reproductive
organs)
removed,
their
chemical
responses
became
equal
to
those
of
the
males.
Adding
to
a
woman’s
increased
dose
of
stress
chemicals,
are
her
increased
“opportunities”
for
stress.
“It’s
not
necessarily
that
women
don’t
cope
as
well.
It’s
just
that
they
have
so
much
more
to
cope
with,”
says
Dr.
Yehuda.
“Their
capacity
for
tolerating
stress
may
even
be
greater
than
men’s,”
she
observes,
“it’s
just
that
they’re
dealing
with
so
many
more
things
that
they
become
worn
out
from
it
more
visibly
and
sooner.”
Dr.
Yehuda
notes
another
difference
between
the
sexes.
“I
think
that
the
kinds
of
things
that
women
are
exposed
to
tend
to
be
in
more
of
a
chronic
or
repeated
nature.
Men
go
to
war
and
are
exposed
to
combat
stress.
Men
are
exposed
to
more
acts
of
random
physical
violence.
The
kinds
of
interpersonal
violence
that
women
are
exposed
to
tend
to
be
in
domestic
situations,
by,
unfortunately,
parents
or
other
family
members,
and
they
tend
not
to
be
one-shot
deals.
The
wear-and-tear
that
comes
from
these
longer
relationships
can
be
quite
devastating.”
Adeline
Alvarez
married
at
18
and
gave
birth
to
a
son,
but
was
determined
to
finish
college.
“I
struggled
a
lot
to
get
the
college
degree.
I
was
living
in
so
much
frustration
that
that
was
my
escape,
to
go
to
school,
and
get
ahead
and
do
better.”
Later,
her
marriage
ended
and
she
became
a
single
mother.
“It’s
the
hardest
thing
to
take
care
of
a
teenager,
have
a
job,
pay
the
rent,
pay
the
car
payment,
and
pay
the
debt.
I
lived
from
paycheck
to
paycheck.”
Not
everyone
experiences
the
kinds
of
severe
chronic
stresses
Alvarez
describes.
But
most
women
today
are
coping
with
a
lot
of
obligations,
with
few
breaks,
and
feeling
the
strain.
Alvarez’s
experience
demonstrates
the
importance
of
finding
ways
to
diffuse
stress
before
it
threatens
your
health
and
your
ability
to
function.
63.?Which
of
the
following
is
true
according
to
the
first
two
paragraphs?
A)
Women
are
biologically
more
vulnerable
to
stress.
B)
Women
are
still
suffering
much
stress
caused
by
men.
C)
Women
are
more
experienced
than
men
in
coping
with
stress.
D)
Men
and
women
show
different
inclinations
when
faced
with
stress.
64.?According
to
Paragraph
4,
the
stress
women
confront
tends
to
be__________.
A)
domestic
and
temporary.
B)
irregular
and
violent.
C)
durable
and
frequent.
D)
trivial
and
random.
65.?The
sentence
“I
lived
from
paycheck
to
paycheck.”
shows
that_____________.
A)
Alvarez
cared
about
nothing
but
making
money.
B)
Alvarez’s
salary
barely
covered
her
household
expenses.
C)
Alvarez
got
paychecks
from
different
jobs.
D)
Alvarez
paid
practically
everything
by
check.
66.?Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A)
Strain
of
Stress:
No
Way
Out?
B)
Responses
to
Stress:
Gender
Difference
C)
Stress
Analysis:
What
Chemicals
Say
D)
Gender
Inequality:
Women
Under
Stress
63-66
ACBD
Section
C
Suppose
you
become
a
leader
in
an
organization.
It’s
very
likely
that
you’ll
want
to
have
volunteers
to
help
with
the
organization’s
activities.
To
do
so,
it
should
help
to
understand
why
people
undertake
volunteer
work
and
what
keeps
their
interest
in
the
work.
Let’s
begin
with
the
question
of
why
people
volunteer.
67
.
For
example,
people
volunteer
to
express
personal
values
related
to
unselfishness,
to
expand
their
ranger
of
experiences,
and
to
strengthen
social
relationships.
If
volunteer
positions
do
not
meet
these
needs,
people
may
not
wish
to
participate.
To
select
volunteers,
you
may
need
to
understand
the
motivations
of
the
people
you
wish
to
attract.
People
also
volunteer
because
they
are
required
to
do
so.
To
increase
levels
of
community
service,
some
schools
have
launched
compulsory
volunteer
programs.
Unfortunately,
these
programs
can
shift
people’s
wish
of
participation
form
an
internal
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
it’s
important
to
me”)
to
an
external
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
I’m
required
to
do
so”).
When
that
happens,
people
become
less
likely
to
volunteer
in
the
future.
68
.
Once
people
begin
to
volunteer,
what
leads
them
to
remain
in
their
positions
over
time?
To
answer
this
question,
researchers
have
conducted
follow-up
studies
in
which
they
track
volunteers
over
time.
For
instance,
one
study
followed
238
volunteers
in
Florida
over
a
year.
One
of
the
most
important
factors
that
influenced
their
satisfaction
as
volunteers
was
the
amount
of
suffering
they
experienced
in
their
volunteer
positions.
69
.
The
researchers
note
that
attention
should
be
given
to
“training
methods
that
would
prepare
volunteers
for
troublesome
situations
or
provide
them
strategies
for
coping
with
the
problem
they
do
experience”.
Another
study
of
302
volunteers
at
hospitals
in
Chicago
focused
on
individual
differences
in
the
degree
to
which
people
view
“volunteer”as
an
important
social
role.
70
.
Participants
indicated
the
degree
to
which
the
social
role
mattered
by
responding
to
statements
such
as
“Volunteering
in
Hospital
is
an
important
part
of
who
I
am.”
“Consistent
with
the
researchers”
expectations,
they
found
a
positive
correlation
between
the
strength
of
role
identity
and
the
length
of
time
people
continued
to
volunteer.
These
results,
once
again,
lead
to
concrete
advice:
“Once
an
individual
begins
volunteering,
continued
efforts
might
focus
on
developing
a
volunteer
role
identity.
Items
like
T-shirts
that
allow
volunteers
to
be
recognized
publicly
for
their
contribution
can
help
strengthen
role
identity”.
A.People
volunteer
mainly
out
of
academic
requirements
and
internal
needs.B.People
must
be
sensitive
to
this
possibility
when
they
make
volunteer
activities
a
must.C.It
was
assumed
that
those
people
for
whom
the
role
of
volunteer
was
most
part
of
their
personal
identity
would
also
be
most
likely
to
continue
volunteer
work.D.Individual
differences
in
role
identity
is
most
likely
to
motivate
volunteers
to
continue
their
work.E.Although
this
result
may
not
surprise
you,
it
leads
to
important
practical
advice.F.Researchers
have
identified
several
factors
that
motivate
people
to
get
involved.
FBEC
Summary
Writing
Getting
rid
of
dirt,
in
the
opinion
of
most
people,
is
a
good
thing.
However,
there
is
nothing
fixed
about
attitudes
to
dirt.
In
the
early
16th
century,
people
thought
that
dirt
on
the
skin
was
a
means
to
block
out
disease,
as
medical
opinion
had
it
that
washing
off
dirt
with
hot
water
could
open
up
the
skin
and
let
ills
in.
A
particular
danger
was,
thought
to
lie
in
public
baths.
By
1538,
the
French
king
had
closed
the
bath
houses
in
his
kingdom.
So
did
the
king
of
England
in
1546.Thus
began
a
long
time
when
the
rich
and
the
poor
in
Europe
lived
with
dirt
in
a
friendly
way.
Henry
IV,
King
of
France,
was
famously
dirty.
Upon
learning
that
a
nobleman
had
taken
a
bath,
the
king
ordered
that,
to
avoid
the
attack
of
disease,
the
nobleman
should
not
go
out.
Though
the
belief
in
the
merit
of
dirt
was
long-lived,
dirt
has
no
longer
been
regarded
as
a
nice
neighbor
ever
since
the
18th
century.
Scientifically
speaking,
cleaning
away
dirt
is
good
to
health.
Clean
water
supply
and
hand
washing
are
practical
means
of
preventing
disease.
Yet,
it
seems
that
standards
of
cleanliness
have
moved
beyond
science
since
World
War
II.
Advertisements
repeatedly
sell
the
idea:
clothes
need
to
be
whiter
than
white,
cloths
ever
softer,
surfaces
to
shine.
Has
the
hate
for
dirt,
however,
gone
too
far?
Attitudes
to
dirt
still
differ
hugely
nowadays.
Many
first
time
parents
nervously
try
to
warn
their
children
off
touching
dirt,
which
might
be
responsible
for
the
spread
of
disease.
On
the
contrary,
Mary
Ruebush,
an
American
immunologist,
encourages
children
to
play
in
the
dirt
to
build
up
a
strong
immune
system.
And
the
latter
position
is
gaining
some
ground.
Summary
参考答案：
People
have
mixed
opinions
towards
dirt
on
our
skin.
For
a
long
time
in
history,
people
of
some
European
countries
believed
that
dirt
protected
people
from
getting
ill.
However,
people
began
to
change
their
attitudes
to
dirt
about
200
years
ago.
People
have
been
told
that
washing
dirt
off
our
body
can
keep
us
healthy.
However,
some
scientists
believe
that
exposure
to
some
dirt
may
help
our
immune
system.
(69
words)
（内容要点供阅卷参考）：
People’s
attitude
towards
dirt
have
been
changing
with
the
time.
In
history,
dirt
was
thought
to
protected
people
from
getting
ill.
Since
the
18th
century,
cleaning
away
dirt
is
good
to
keeping
healthy.
Nowadays,
exposure
to
some
dirt
can
build
up
a
strong
immune
system
V.
Translation
1
大家都认可，快乐是一个旅程，而非目的地。（acknowledge）
2.
你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见嫌疑犯实施犯罪？?(it)
3
这个年轻人向朋友保证在任何情况下他都不会违背做一个诚实和守信人的承诺。（under
no
circumstances）
4.
任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责，虽然事先了解一切是不可能的。(blame)
参考答案：
1.It
is
generally
acknowledged
that
happiness
is
a
journey,
not
a
destination.
2.Was
it
in
the
newly--
opened
restaurant//
that
you
witnessed
/
saw
(that)
the
suspect
//commit
the
crime??
3.The
young
person
assured
his
friends
that//under
no
circumstances
would
he//
break
the
promise
that//
he
should/would
be
faithful/trustworthy
and
honest.
4.Anyone
dealing
with
a
complicated
problem
may
be
blamed
for
not
fully
understanding
the
challenge,
though
it’s
impossible
to
know
everything
in
advance.
Guided
Writing
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
学校学生广播正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（科学技术、兴趣爱好、文学艺术）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（旅行、环保、健身）中挑选一个纳入该电视台节目。假设你是该校学生李华，给广播台长写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1.
你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；
2.
你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
Guided
Writing
Dear
Present，
I’m
writing
to
express
some
of
my
opinions
towards
our
school’s
broadcast
which
intends
to
change
one
of
the
programs
from
science
technology,
interest
hobby
and
literature
art
and
select
one
of
them
from
travelling,
environmental
protection,
fitness.
From
my
perspective,
I
would
choose
“interest
hobby”
to
be
the
one
to
be
eliminated.
Not
only
is
this
topic
out
of
date,
but
also
students’
interest
varies
a
lot.
Therefore,
they
may
be
indifferent
about
others’
interest
and
hobbies.
As
for
the
column
to
be
added,
I
highly
recommend
is
fitness.
As
senior
high
students,
so
busy
are
we
with
our
study
that
we
often
forget
to
do
some
physical
exercise
and
even
don’t
know
how
to
keep
fit
to
avoid
getting
ill.
If
the
school
broadcast
can
provide
us
some
useful
advice
on
how
to
keep
fit
in
a
good
way,
which
will
benefit
us
a
lot
and
as
a
result
I
believe
that
it
will
be
more
popular
among
students.
I’d
appreciate
it
very
much
if
you
could
follow
my
advice,
and
I’m
looking
forward
to
hear
from
you
as
soon
as
possible.
Best
wishes!
Yours
Li
Hua
期末总复习
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
1
语言点详解
1．-ing分词作状语的用法
一ing分词的结构
一ing分词作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随等意义，这时它相当于一个状语从句。
作原因状语
例：Being
ill
today，Mary
is
absent
from
the
English
test．
作时间状语
例：When
looking
out
of
the
window，you
can
see
the
famous
Opera
House．
作伴随状语
例：They
went
back
home，chatting
and
laughing·
作结果状语
例：He
died
from
a
sudden
traffic
accident，leaving
the
experiment
half—done．
作条件状语
例：Listening
to
English
every
day，you’ll
learn
it
well
step
by
step．
注意点：
(1)-ing分词作状语与-ed分词作状语的区别
一般来说，-ing分词表示主动、进行；-ed分词表示被动、完成。
(2)-ing分词作状语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。
2．It’s
(was)advisable
+that从句
It’s(was)advisable
+that从句中，从句的谓语动词的结构是(should)+do(动词原形)。用于此句型结构的还有其他形容词，比如important，natural，strange，necessary，essential，urgent，etc·。
例：It
is
essential
that
ways
and
means
to
protect
the
environment(should)be
adopted
as
soon
Unit
2
语言点详解
-ing分词作定语的用法
-ing分词作定语一般表示正在发生的动作或某一种状态。单个-ing分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词之
前，有时也可放在名词之后。现在分词短语则通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
the
rising
sun正在升起的太阳。the
sun
that
is
rising
a
sleeping
child熟睡的孩子
boiling
water
沸水
lasting
peace永久的和平
the
lady
sitting
at
the
desk(=the
lady
who
is
sitting
at
the
desk)
Unit
3
语言点详解
1.-
ing分词作表语的用法
-
ing分词作表语．表示主语的特征．常用于事物。
例：The
game
sounds
interesting．
The
animal
looks
very
frightening
The
news
turns
out
to
be
disappointing．
2．-ing分词作宾语补足语的用法
-ing分词作宾语补足语主要用于以下动词之后的复合宾语里：
表示感知的动词，如see．hear．feel，find等。
例：I
saw
him
climbing
the
mountain
yesterday
after．
My
mother
said
that
she
felt
her
13ea
rt
beating
fast．
表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，set，keep．get等。
例：Can
you
get
tile
car
going?
They
kept
me
doing
it
for
three
hours.
Unit
4
语言点详讲：
1.-ing分词的完成式的用法
-ing分词的完成式用作状语，强调一个动作在另一个动作开始前已经完成，或强调第一个动作持续一段时间后发生第二个动作，也强调两个动作之间有一段间隔。
例:
Having
originally
created
the
environment
we
live
in,
plants
may
be
called
on
once
more
to
save
it.
?
-ing分词的完成式用作宾语时，强调它表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前，但有时，也可用分词的
一般式代替完成式
例：Jack
admitted
having
broken
the
window
in
the
class
room.
=Jack
admitted
breaking
the
window
in
the
classroom.
2.-ing分词的被动式的用法
-ing分词的被动式可用作主语或宾语．它的逻辑主语是它所表示动作的承受者。
例：I
am
not
used
to
being
treated
like
that.
-ing分词的被动式还可用作定浯、时间状语或原因状语，含有被动、完成两层意思。
例：It
is
said
that
the
book
being
written
by
the
famous
film
star
will
be
published
next
month.
Being
examined
by
the
doctor，I
felt
nervous.
Unit
5
语言点详解
1．不定式的进行式的用法
不定式的进行式(to
be
doing)表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
例：The
old
woman
seemed
to
be
enjoying
herself
常与不定式的进行式连用的动词有：
pretend，happen，think，believe，consider，say，seem，appear，report等
例：She
happened
to
be
doing
her
homework
when
her
father
came
back
比较：Mr.
Wang
is
said
to
write
a
letter
to
his
s6n
据说王先生要给他儿子写信。
Mr.
Wang
is
said
to
be
writing
a
letter
to
his
son
据说，王先生正在给他儿子写信。
注意：不定式的进行式有时也可表示一个反复的动作。
例：I
don’t
like
the
customers
to
be
constantly
complaining
about
the
quality
of
products．
2．不定式的完成式的用法
不定式的完成式(to
have
done)表示该动作(或状态)发生或出现在谓语所表示的动作(或状态)之前。
例：The
policeman
seemed
to
have
known
the
truth
·不定式的完成式(to
have
done)在句中的作用。
(1)用作主语或宾语。
例：It’s
my
pleasure
to
have
talked
to
you
I
consider
it
a
shame
not
to
have
recognized
you
immediately．
(2)用于形容词后作原因状语。
例：I’m
sorry
to
have
hurt
you
(3)用于seem，appear，happen，pretend等动词之后。
例：Tom
happened
to
have
finished
his
homework
The
girl
pretended
to
have
fallen
asleep
when
her
mother
came
in.
(4)用于be+said／thought／considered／reported／believed等之后。
例：The
teacher
is
said
to
have
taught
English
for
25
years
Sixteen
persons
were
reported
to
have
been
arrested
by
the
policewomen
last
night
Unit
6
语言点详解
1．掌握不定式的被动用法
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。动词不定式又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。
不定式作定语只能用被动式的情况如下：
(1)为了表达需要，强调不定式动作的执行者时．须用被动式．常用by结构引导。
例：2008
Olympic
Games
are
the
first
great
Olympic
Games
to
be
held
by
Chinese
2008年奥运会是中国人首次举办的奥运盛会。
(2)不定式所修饰的名词是将要被做的事情时．不定式须用被动式。
例：The
problem
to
be
discussed
at
the
next
meeting
is
of
great
importance．
下次会议上将要讨论的这个问题至关重要。
The
building
to
be
built
next
yea
r
will
be
used
at
the
office
building
明年要建设的大楼将用作办公楼。
·注意点：
(1)在“There
be”结构中，主语被不定式修饰(不定式作定语)时．既可用主动式，也可用被动式．意义上无甚区别。
例：There
was
a
lot
of
problems
to
deal
with／to
be
dealt
with.
有许多问题需要处理。
(2)在“with／without十宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是不定式，不定式表示将要发生的动作．且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者．此时不定式须用主动式。
例：With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle．the
newly—elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time．
Unit
7
语言点详解
1．-ed分词的用法
·作状语
(1)
-ed分词作状语，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语。
例：The
teacher
appeared，followed
by
many
students.
Seen
from
the
hill．the
city
looks
beautiful.
·-ed分词和逻辑主语之间关系是被动的。
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，常将从句中的主语和助动词省去，只留下从属连词和-ed分词短语，在句中分别作时间状语、原因状语和条件状语等。常见的从属连词有：if，as，though，unless，until，when，while，as
if，once，whenever。
例：Though
still
practised
today，the
tea
ceremony
may
not
be
as
popular
as
it
used
to
be.
Don’t
do
it
unless
asked.
lf
caught
cheating，the
student
would
be
punished
When
heated，ice
will
be
changed
into
water
(3)-ed分同做伴随状语、原因状语。
例：The
girl
he
rd
the
bad
news
and
went
away,
disappointed.
Greatly
encouraged
by
the
teacher，she
made
great
progress
in
English.
(4)-ed分词用于独立主格结构。
有时由名词通格／代词主格加上-ed分词构成独立主格结构。这种结构多用来表示行为方式或伴随状况．有时用来表示时间、原因、条件等。这时-ed分词与前面的名词通格／代词主格之间是被动的逻辑关系。
例：The
homework
finished
=When
the
homework
was
finished),
the
child
went
to
bed.
He
rushed
into
the
room,
his
face
covered
with
sweat.
With+宾语+-ed分词．表伴随。
例：She
sat
with
her
head
bent
All
afternoon
he
worked
with
the
door
locked.
(5)否定式为not十-ed分词。
例：Not
worried
by
his
failure．he
went
on
experimenting.
·作定语
与动词不定式、动名词及现在分词相比，同样作为非谓语的-ed分词其形式是单一固定的：done(以动词do为例)。其表达的意义经常是被动或完成或二者兼而有之。
例：The
stolen
money
was
returned
to
the
owner
soon.
The
bridge
built
last
year
is
modern.
(划线部分为过去分词和过去分词短语，既表示被动又表示完成．分别作前置和后置定语。)
现在分词、过去分词和不定式被动式作定语时的区别。
现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动且动作已完成。不定式被动式表示被动而动作未完成。
例：China
is
one
of
the
developing
countries
in
the
world,
as
is
known
to
all.
Tile
houses
damaged
in
the
flood
have
been
rebuilt.
There
will
be
a
concert
to
be
held
in
the
hall
e
tonight
(2)现在分词的被动形式与过去分词表示被动的区别。
现在分词的被动形式表示正在被执行的事．过去分词表示已发生过的或已被完成的动作。
例：A
lot
of
high-rises
being
built
can
be
seen
in
the
city
of
Shanghai
在上海，处处可见正在建造中的摩天大楼。
The
World
Cup
held
in
the
Republic
of
Korea
and
Japan
was
a
successful
one.
在日韩举办的世界杯是成功的。
Unit
8
语言点详解
1．-ed分词的用法。
·作表语(系表结构)
-ed分词相当于一个形容词来表示主语的状态。常见的这类-ed分词有：disappointed，astonished，excited．interested，satisfied，surprised，puzzled，shocked，worried等。
例：She
looked
disappointed.
·注意
(1)-ing分词作表语，常表示主语的性质．-ed分词则说明主语的状态。一般而言，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词．中文意思是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因此-ing分词是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，-ed分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。我们可以得出结论，表示“令人……的”用-ing形式，“感到……的”用-ed形式。
(2)-ed分词作表语，相当于形容词。不可与构成被动语态的分词混淆起来。
例：The
shop
is
closed
now．商店现在已关门了。(表语，说明主语所处的状态)
The
shop
is
usually
closed
at
9：30
P
m
商店通常在晚上9
：30关门。
(被动语态，表示动作)
·作宾语补足语
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词hear，see，find，feel，notice，watch，think等。
例：I
found
all
the
windows
broken
(2)使役动词：get，have，make，keep，leave等。
例：I’m
sorry
I’ve
left
some
of
your
questions
unanswered.
(3)表示“希望、要求”的动词：like，order，want，wish等。
例：He
did
not
want
it
mentioned.
·注意：
have／get
sth.
done
(1)让／叫别人(为自己)做某事。
例：have／get
my
hair
cut
(2)经历／遭遇某事，有时指不幸的事。
例：She
got
her
watch
stolen
(3)使完成某事，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。
例：In
that
yea
r
he
had
a
hundred
dollars
saved.
SectionA
Grammar
Kazuo
Ishiguro
wins
the
Nobel
prize
in
literature
2017
Ishiguro,
author
of
novels
(31)
______
(include)
The
Remains
of
the
Day
and
Never
Let
Me
Go,
was
praised
by
the
Swedish
Academy
in
October
2017
for
his
unique
writing.
This
Britain’s
(32)
______
(new)
literary
Nobel
prize
winner
was
born
in
Nagasaki
(长崎)
in
1954.
His
mother,
who
is
still
alive
and
taking
immense
pride
(33)
______
her
son’s
achievement,
survived
the
atomic
bomb.
His
father,
an
oceanographer,
moved
his
family
to
England
in
1959.
Ishiguro
said
that
his
parents
didn’t
have
the
mentality
of
immigrants
because
they
always
thought
they
would
go
home.
Ishiguro
studied
creative
writing
at
the
University
of
East
Anglia,
(34)
______
(go)
on
to
publish
his
first
novel,
A
Pale
View
of
the
Hills,
in
1982.
He
has
been
a
full-time
writer
ever
since.
According
to
the
Academy,
the
themes
of
“memory,
time
and
self-delusion”
weave
through
his
work,
particularly
in
The
Remains
of
the
Day,
which
won
Ishiguro
the
Booker
prize
in
1989
and
(35)
______
(adapt)
into
a
film
in
the
same
year.
“We’ve
lost
faith
in
our
political
system,
we’re
not
quite
sure
of
our
values,
and
I
just
hope
that
my
winning
the
Nobel
prize
contributes
something
that
integrate
good
will
and
peace,”
Ishiguro
said.
“It
reminds
us
of
(36)
______
international
the
world
is,
and
we
all
have
to
contribute
things
from
our
different
corners
of
the
world.”
Besides,
Ishiguro
expressed
his
concern
at
the
distracting
burden
of
celebrity
that
the
Nobel
prize
(37)
______
bring
and
impact
on
his
writing.
He
said:
“I’ve
had
to
battle
a
lot
of
my
writing
life
between
the
demands
to
be
a
public
celebrity
author
and
finding
the
time
and
space
to
do
the
real
work,
so
I’m
hoping
the
work
(38)
______
just
continues
and
is
no
different
to
where
it
was
yesterday.”
The
Permanent
secretary
of
the
Academy
said
“he
is
someone
who
is
very
interested
in
understanding
the
past,
(39)
______
he
is
not
determined
to
make
up
for
the
past.
He
is
exploring
what
you
have
to
forget
in
order
to
survive
in
the
first
place
(40)
______
an
individual.”
SectionB
Vocabulary
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
with
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
There
is
one
extra
word
which
you
don’t
need.
A.
illegal
B.
alternative
C.
inconvenience
D.
challenge
E.
advisable
F.
marathon
G.
object
H.
register
I.
impose
J.
debatable
K.
keen
A
photograph
of
the
registration
card
of
a
newborn
in
Xi’an,
Shaanxi
province
has
gone
explosive
online
because
the
girl
has
a
unique
name:
Wangzhe
Rongyao,
or
King
of
Glory,
a
popular
mobile
game.
On
domestic
social
network
platforms,
many
have
questioned
whether
the
father
is
to
___41___social
rules
by
naming
his
daughter
King
of
Glory.
But
local
police
have
said
people
have
the
right
to
choose
any
name
for
their
children,
and
there
is
nothing
“___42___”
or
“immoral”
about
the
newborn’s
name.
And
since
the
name
is
composed
of
standard
Chinese
characters,
they
will
___43___
it.
Yet
it
remains
___44___
whether
the
father
has
made
a
wise
choice
because
the
name
“King
of
Glory”
could
cause
___45___
to
the
girl.
First,
one
person
is
distinguished
from
another
by
a
name.
If
the
girl
is
named
after
a
popular
mobile
game,
she
will
become
a(n)
___46___
of
ridicule
or
jokes,
which
in
turn
could
make
the
person
a
loner
and
affect
his
or
her
character.
Second,
while
the
father
is
a(n)
___47___
player
of
King
of
Glory,
it
certainly
is
not
the
girl’s
favourite
at
this
stage.
In
such
a
case,
does
the
man
have
the
right
to
___48___
his
love
for
the
game
on
his
daughter?
And
if
the
girl
is
unhappy
with
her
name
after
growing
up,
she
would
want
to
change
it,
which
would
involve
quite
a(n)
___49___
legal
procedure.
More
importantly,
a
person’s
name
is
the
most
important
element
in
such
documents
as
ID
card,
school
and
college
diplomas,
as
well
as
health
records.
She
may
well
have
to
get
these
documents
changed,
too,
which
again
would
be
troublesome.
Does
the
man
want
his
daughter
to
go
through
all
that
trouble?
What
the
father
in
Xi’an
has
done
may
be
legal
but
not
___50____.
SectionC
Reading
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Ecotourism
is
a
combination
of
ecology
(the
study
of
systems
of
living
things)
and
tourism.
It
is
___51___
“responsible
travel
to
natural
areas
that
preserves
the
environment
and
improves
the
welfare
of
the
local
people”
by
the
International
Ecotourism
Society.
Actually,
ecotourism
can
mean
travel
to
far-off
places
of
great
natural
beauty,
but
not
always
in
a(n)
___52___
way.
It’s
a
big
business,
and
the
attraction
of
money
can
cause
people
to
think
about
___53___
first.
While
ecotourism
offers
benefits
to
people
and
ecosystems,
it
leaves
ecosystems
open
to
negative
effects,
too.
Costa
Rica,
once
a
Spanish
colony,
and
independent
since
1821,
has
an
ecotourism
industry
worth
over
one
billion
dollars
yearly,
and
thousands
of
jobs
have
been
___54___.
Nearly
21
percent
of
the
land
is
now
protected
national
parks,
___55___
thanks
to
ecotourism.
Nevertheless,
due
to
the
number
of
people
visiting
the
country’s
natural
places,
some
damage
to
the
ecosystem
has
occurred.
While
___56___
can
have
a
negative
impact
on
ecosystems,
the
same
areas
might
have
been
___57___
by
industries
such
as
farming,
logging,
or
mining
if
there
were
no
ecotourism
industry.
Shelters
(庇护所)
have
been
created
___58___,
keeping
the
ecosystem
protected.
And,
by
visiting
beautiful
rainforests
and
seeing
rare
animals,
visitors
get
a
sense
of
their
___59___,
and
of
gratitude
for
them.
Tour
guides
can
also
be
educators
who
train
people
to
love
and
care
for
the
environment.
Visitors
can
take
these
___60___
with
them
to
their
home
countries.
Unfortunately,
while
their
effect
may
not
be
___61___
in
the
off-season,
the
constant
parade
of
visitors
in
the
high
season
can
be
damaging.
At
one
national
park
in
Costa
Rica,
wild
monkeys
now
feed
on
garbage
left
by
the
tourists.
___62___,
ecotourists
tend
to
seek
out
places
with
the
rarest
animals
and
plants,
___63___
the
most
delicate
living
things.
It
is
easy
to
be
critical
of
the
ecotourism
industry,
but
it
is
important
to
be
___64___
as
well.
Ecotourism
can
never
be
“pure”.
We
can’t
expect
zero
negative
effects
on
the
ecosystem.
It
is
also
___65___
to
suppose
that
humans
won’t
go
anywhere
accessible
to
them.
If
protection
efforts
are
maintained
and
increased,
those
remaining
places
of
undisturbed
nature
may
be
stressed,
but
they
won’t
be
destroyed.
51.
A.
defined
as
B.
made
up
of
C.
applied
to
D.
combined
with
52.
A.
attractive
B.
natural
C.
different
D.
responsible
53.
A.
effects
B.
nature
C.
profits
D.
economy
54.
A.
lost
B.
created
C.
abandoned
D.
shifted
55.
A.
mainly
B.
comparatively
C.
unfortunately
D.
barely
56.
A.
tourists
B.
environment
C.
manufacturers
D.
politics
57.
A.
fertilized
B.
destroyed
C.
reserved
D.
stimulated
58.
A.
equally
B.
regularly
C.
instead
D.
though
59.
A.
freedom
B.
hardness
C.
welfare
D.
value
60.
A.
ecosystems
B.
lessons
C.
animals
D.
trainers
61.
A.
uncertain
B.
noticeable
C.
healthy
D.
special
62.
A.
For
instance
B.
On
the
contrary
C.
In
addition
D.
As
a
whole
63.
A.
appreciating
B.
discovering
C.
sheltering
D.
pressuring
64.
A.
positive
B.
creative
C.
effective
D.
sensitive
65.
A.
feasible
B.
reasonable
C.
unrealistic
D.
inevitable
SectionD
Translation
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1.
他们招收我为网球俱乐部会员。（enroll）
____________________________________________________________________.
2.我碰巧读过老师推荐的这本书。（recommend）
__________________________________________________________________.
3.
如果你想使你的梦想得以实现，你必须更加努力。(come
true)
__________________________________________________________________.
4．我突然想到，我可以借助互联网去帮助有困难的陌生人。(occur)
__________________________________________________________________.
5．由于鼠标用起来轻而易举，它是与电脑互动的一种极为有效的方式。(effort)
__________________________________________________________________.
高二上期末复习卷
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Norway
is
Teaching
Travelers
to
Travel
After
15
people
died
during
Easter
in
1967,
the
Norwegian
Trekking
Association
and
the
Red
Cross
announced
their
campaign
‘Welcome
to
the
mountains,
but
be
responsible
(?https:?/??/?www.visitnorway.com?/?plan-your-trip?/?safety-first?/?in-the-mountains?/?the-mountain-code?/?"
\t
"_blank?)’.
Fjellvettreglene,
the
‘mountain
code’
(21)
______
encourages
people
to
have
a
healthy
and
respectful
relationship
with
nature,
has
since
become
a
crucial
part
of
Norwegian
culture.
It
includes
points
such
as
bringing
necessary
equipment
(22)
______
(assist)
yourself
and
others,
seeking
shelter
if
necessary
and
feeling
no
shame
in
turning
around.
Nationally,
Norway
(23)
______
(experience)
an
11%
increase
in
tourism
in
the
past
decade.
From
just
1,000
tourists
in
the
whole
of
2010,
Trolltunga,
a
piece
of
rock
that
stands
horizontally
out
of
the
mountain,
(24)
______
(see)
1,800
visitors
in
one
day
alone.
Why?
Because
people
want
the
same
picture
they
see
on
Instagram
and
Facebook.
A
lot
don’t
care
about
the
experience
of
the
hike.
They
just
want
proof
(25)
______
they
did
it.
But,
while
good
for
the
economy,
this
tourism
boom
has
become
a
threat
(26)
______
Norway’s
natural
environment.
Used
toilet
paper,
(27)
______
(abandon)
tents
and
plastic
bottles
can
be
found
littered
all
around
Trolltunga.
And
with
the
high
amount
of
people
who
come
unprepared
for
such
an
active
hike,
Norway’s
leading
hiking
group,
Friluftsliv,
also
has
called
for?regulations
(?https:?/??/?www.thelocal.no?/?20161018?/?norway-hikers-groups-calls-for-limits-to-tourism"
\t
"_blank?)?on
the
number
of
tourists
(28)
______
(hike)
to
Trolltunga.
Lasse
Heimdal,
leader
of
the
outdoor
organization
said,
“On
a
busy
day,
you
may
have
to
wait
in
line
for
an
hour
and
a
half
just
to
get
a
picture.
To
control
this,
we’d
like
to
regulate
(29)
______
_____
people
can
hike
in
a
day.
Starting
hike
times
should
also
have
regulations
so
people
don’t
start
too
late
and
find
(30)
______
stuck
up
here.”
Section
B
communicating
B.
reflection
C.
implied
D.
interrupted
E.
thoughtful
F.
value
G.
agreement
H.
sharing
I.
gap
J.
possible
K.
conflicts
The
meaning
of
silence
varies
among
cultural
group.
Silences
may
be
31
,
or
they
may
be
empty
when
a
person
has
nothing
to
say.
A
silence
in
a
conversation
may
also
show
stubbornness,
uneasiness,
or
worry.
Silence
may
be
viewed
by
some
cultural
groups
as
extremely
uncomfortable;
therefore
attempts
may
be
made
to
fill
every
32
with
conversation.
Persons
in
other
cultural
groups
value
silence
and
view
it
as
necessary
for
understanding
a
person’s
needs.
Many
native
Americans
value
silence
and
feel
it
is
a
basic
part
of
33
among
people,
just
as
some
traditional
Chinese
and
Thai
persons
do.
Therefore,
when
a
person
from
one
of
these
culture
is
speaking
and
suddenly
stops,
what
may
be
34
is
that
the
person
wants
the
listener
to
consider
what
has
been
said
before
continuing.
In
these
culture,
silence
is
a
call
for
35
.
Other
cultures
may
use
silence
in
other
ways,
particularly
when
dealing
with
36
among
people
or
in
relationships
of
people
with
different
amounts
of
power.
For
example,
Russian,
French,
and
Spanish
persons
may
use
silence
to
show
37
between
parties
about
the
topic
under
discussion.
However,
Mexicans
may
use
silence
when
instructions
are
given
by
a
person
in
authority
rather
than
be
rude
to
that
person
by
arguing
with
him
or
her.
In
still
another
use,
persons
in
Asian
cultures
may
view
silence
as
a
sign
of
respect,
particularly
to
an
elder
or
a
person
in
authority.
Nurses
and
other
care-givers
need
to
be
aware
of
the
38
meanings
of
silence
when
they
come
across
the
personal
anxiety
their
patients
may
be
experiencing.
Nurses
should
recognize
their
own
personal
and
cultural
construction
of
silence
so
that
a
patient’s
silence
is
not
39
too
early
or
allowed
to
go
on
unnecessarily.
A
nurse
who
understands
the
healing
40
of
silence
can
use
this
understanding
to
assist
in
the
care
of
patients
from
their
own
and
from
other
cultures.
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
It's
no
secret
that
as
a
population,
Americans
have
been
getting
heavier,
but
researchers
now
say
that
our
weight
problem
may
be
worse
than
we
thought.
In
a
study
published
in
the
journal
PLOS
One,
lead
author
Dr.
Eric
Braverman
says
that
our
current
measure
of
obesity
--
body
mass
index,
or
BMI
--
significantly
(41)
______
the
number
of
people,
especially
women,
who
are
obese.
Braverman
and
his
co-author,
Dr.
Nirav
Shah,
studied
1,400
men
and
women,
comparing
their
BMI
measurement
to
their
percentage
of
body
fat,
as
measured
by
a
dual-energy
X-ray
absorptiometry
(DEXA)
scan.
While
BMI
is
a
simple
ratio
of
a
person’s
height
and
weight,
the
DEXA
scan--
which
is
normally
used
to
measure
body
density
(密度)
--
can
(42)
______
between
bone,
fat
and
muscle
mass.
Based
on
BMI,
about
one-third
of
Americans
are
considered
obese,
but
when
other
methods
of
measuring
obesity
are
used,
that
number
may
be
(43)
______
to
60%
according
to
Braverman.
Physicians
have
complained
for
years
that
BMI
is
a(n)
(44)
______
measure
of
healthy
weight.
Extremely
muscular
people,
(45)
______
,
may
weigh
“too
much”
for
their
height,
since
dense
muscle
mass
weighs
more
than
fat,
thus
qualifying
as
obese
even
if
their
bodies
contain
very
little
fat.
Yet
it’s
not
extra
weight
itself,
but
excess
fat
that
(46)
______
health
problems.
“People
aren’t
being
diagnosed
as
obese,
so
they’re
not
being
told
about
their
risk
of
disease
or
being
given
(47)
_____
on
how
to
improve
their
health,”
Braverman
said.
Data
show
that
people
who
start
to
(48)
______
pounds
are
more
likely
to
continue
getting
heavier,
increasing
their
risk
for
a
number
of
diseases.
So
why
is
BMI
still
being
used,
if
it’s
not
(49)
______?
For
now,
it’s
the
best
and
easiest
way
for
physicians
to
measure
a
person’s
healthy
weight
while
taking
into
account
his
or
her
general
body
(50)
______.
DEXA
scans
are
far
too
expensive
to
be
used
as
a
(51)
______
measure
during
doctor’s
visits.
BMI
isn’t
perfect,
but
many
experts
say
it’s
the
best
they
have.
Still,
as
results
like
Braverman’s
continue
to
(52)
______,
it
may
be
time
to
consider
other
ways
of
tracking
weight,
and
(53)
______,
body
fat.
“It’s
important
to
point
out
the
(54)
______
of
the
BMI,”
Dr.Richard
Bergman,
director
of
Cedars
Sinai’s
Obesity
and
Diabetes
Research
Institute
in
Los
Angeles
said.
“It’s
a
poor
measure
of
(55)
______,
and
we
do
need
better
measures.”
A.
predicts
B.
underestimates
C.
increases
D.
reduces
A.
compare
B.
recognize
C.
identify
D.
distinguish
A.
closer
B.
related
C.
devoted
D.
key
A.
important
B.
imperfect
C.
incredible
D.
uncertain
A.
for
example
B.
in
contrast
C.
in
addition
D.
without
doubt
A.
arises
from
B.
owes
to
C.
leads
to
D.
goes
through
A.
views
B.
orders
C.
instruction
D.
focus
A.keep
up
B.
put
on
C.
set
aside
D.
break
away
A.
right
B.
recognizable
C.
popular
D.
precise
A.
structure
B.
well-being
C.
function
D.
weight
A.
special
B.
routine
C.
scientific
D.
decisive
A.
fill
in
B.
run
out
C.
go
down
D.
build
up
A.
in
particular
B.
on
occasion
C.
after
all
D.
in
all
A.
mistakes
B.
failure
C.
inferiority
D.
weakness
A.
health
B.
body
C.
fatness
D.
diseases
Section
B
(
A
)
Post-00s
is
a
documentary
about
growing
up.
It
covers
almost
every
aspect
of
millennials’(千禧一代的)
experiences
on
their
path
toward
adolescence
–
their
struggles
with
schoolwork,
their
relationship
with
peers,
their
confusion
if
a
younger
brother
or
sister
is
born
into
the
family,
and
their
growing
desire
to
keep
a
distance
from
their
parents.
But
this
five-episode
series
was
different
from
any
other
TV
program
with
a
similar
theme.
Post-00s
was
filmed
over
a
period
of
10
years,
during
which
the
show’s
makers
followed
a
group
of
kids
from
when
they
were
infants
through
to
when
they
became
teenagers.
In
other
words,
the
show’s
“characters”
grow
older
for
real,
and
their
stories
are
all
real.
“Coming-of-age”
stories,
as
they’re
known,
have
a
special
appeal.
They
satisfy
our
curiosity
of
looking
at
someone
else’s
life,
and
we
become
more
and
more
attached
to
the
characters
as
if
we
truly
know
them.
And
while
we
enjoy
the
truthfulness
of
the
stories
because
nothing
is
set
in
advance,
we
also
can’t
help
but
feel
the
cruelty
of
reality.
After
all,
there’s
no
re-writing
of
the
script
（剧本）
and
there’s
no
turning
back
–
this
is
real
life.
This
realness
can
also
be
seen
in
Boyhood,
a
2014
film
that
won
the
Silver
Bear
award
for
best
director
at
the
64th
Berlin
International
Film
Festival.
During
a
period
of
12
years,
the
film
follows
the
life
of
Mason
Jr
–
played
by
US
actor
Ellar
Coltrane
–
from
when
he
was
6
to
when
he
finished
high
school.
One
of
Boyhood’s
appeals
comes
from
its
“ordinariness”.
Mason
Jr
isn’t
some
child
genius...
He
is
a
quietly
spoken,
fairly
typical
American
boy,
growing
up
in
the
Texas
suburbs.
He
likes
riding
his
bike
and
playing
video
games.
While
coming-of-age
stories
may
look
ordinary
on
the
outside,
they
often
allow
us
to
look
underneath
the
surface
and
see
something
extraordinary
–
the
power
of
life
itself.
56.
In
the
documentary,
we
see
post-00’s
growing
experience
EXCEPT
__________.
A.
how
they
deal
with
their
studies
B.
how
they
help
look
after
brothers
or
sisters
C.
how
they
get
along
with
people
of
their
age
D.
how
much
they
long
to
be
independent
of
their
parents
57.
What
do
Post-00
and
Boyhood
have
in
common?
A.
They’re
intended
to
win
an
award
for
best
director.
B.
The
heroes
and
heroines
are
characters
themselves.
C.
They’re
a
kind
of
reality
show
of
ordinary
kids’
growth.
D.
The
stories
are
based
on
true
life
but
polished
by
writers.
58.
Audience
are
interested
in
“coming-of-age”
stories
because
__________.
A.
they
can
see
the
truth
of
life
B.
they
know
the
characters
well
C.
they
are
much
fond
of
gossip
D.
they
appreciate
stories
of
daily
life
59.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Post-00s
are
different
geniuses
B.
Actors
are
ordinary
characters
C.
Documentary
is
real
life
D.
Life
is
one
big
story
(B)
Overview
Explore
Stewart
Island
and
the
surrounding
bays
in
our
modern
mini-buses.
Our
guides
enjoy
sharing
their
local
knowledge
of
the
history
and
environment
of
Stewart
Island.
Highlights
include
Lee
Bay,
the
gateway
to
Rakiura
National
Park,
beautiful
Horseshoe
Bay
and
amazing
views
of
Paterson
Inlet
from
Observation
Rock.
Village
&
Bays
TourLeaving
from
Stewart
Island
Season:
All
Year
Duration:
1
hour
30
mins
Prize:
$45
(Adult)
More
information
Departure
location:
Oban
Visitor
Centre.
What
to
bring:
Comfortable
walking
shoes
or
boots,
waterproof
jacket,
warm
sweater
or
fleece
jacket,
sunscreen
or
sunglasses,
insect
repellent
and
camera.
Car
parking:
Vehicle
parking
is
available
at
Oban
(extra
cost—reservations
recommended).
Wheelchair
access:
Available.
Children
ticket:
Children
under
ten
go
free
for
travel
as
long
as
they
are
accompanied
by
an
adult.
Reviews
“There
was
so
much
to
see
and
learn
that
it
was
hard
to
take
everything
in.
The
bays
we
stopped
at
were
beautiful
with
golden
sandy
beaches,
the
forests
were
overpowering
and
we
expected
dinosaurs
to
appear
at
any
time,
the
views
from
lookout
point
were
splendid
and
the
anchor
point
with
Bluff
brought
a
smile.
Thank
you
to
Chris
and
the
experienced
team
for
such
an
informative
tour.”
Ron
P
(?http:?/??/?www.tripadvisor.co.nz?/?Attraction_Review-g255123-d1485315-Reviews-Village_Bays_Tours_Stewart_Island_Experience-Stewart_Island_Southland_Region_Sout.html"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"Ron
P
via
Trip
Advisor?)
“Any
visitor
to
Stewart
Island
could
do
no
better
than
take
one
of
the
guided
tours
from
the
Oban
Visitor
Centre—especially
if
you
only
have
limited
time
available.
We
had
the
delightful
and
extremely
informative
Kylie
conduct
a
small
number
on
one
of
the
village
tours.
This
is
a
beautiful
place—a
few
fascinating
shops
and
restaurants,
wonderful
walks
and
warm
and
friendly
people.”
Michael
Mason
(?http:?/??/?www.tripadvisor.co.nz?/?Attraction_Review-g255123-d1485315-Reviews-Village_Bays_Tours_Stewart_Island_Experience-Stewart_Island_Southland_Region_Sout.html"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"MichaelMas0n
via
Trip
Advisor?)
“I
love
finding
out
about
places
and
the
guide
was
full
of
information
and
stories
as
we
visited
every
interesting
place
and
view
in
Oban
(it
didn’t
take
too
long...).
A
great
way
to
start
a
visit
as
it
helps
you
know
where
everything
is.”
Kiwieric
(?http:?/??/?www.tripadvisor.co.nz?/?Attraction_Review-g255123-d1485315-Reviews-Village_Bays_Tours_Stewart_Island_Experience-Stewart_Island_Southland_Region_Sout.html"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"Kiwieric
via
Trip
Advisor?)
60.
If
a
traveler
plans
to
leave
a
car
at
Oban,
he
had
better
________.
A.
refer
to
the
guides
first
B.
use
wheelchair
access
C.
make
a
reservation
D.
walk
to
the
center
in
advance
61.
Herry,
a
six-year-old
boy,
wanted
to
have
a
sightseeing
of
the
Stewart
Island
with
his
parents.
How
much
should
they
pay
for
the
mini-bus
tour?
A.
$135.
B.
$90.
C.
$
45.
D.
Free.
62.
If
a
traveler
takes
the
guided
tour,
he
can
experience
all
the
following
EXCEPT
________.
A.
breath-taking
scenery
B.
charming
walks
C.
dinosaur
samples
D.
detailed
tour
guide
(C)
While
still
catching-up
to
men
in
some
spheres
of
modern
life,
women
appear
to
be
way
ahead
in
at
least
one
undesirable
category.
“Women
are
particularly
susceptible
to
developing
depression
and
anxiety
disorders
in
response
to
stress
compared
to
men,”
according
to
Dr.
Yehuda,
chief
psychiatrist
at
New
York’s
Veteran’s
Administration
Hospital.
Studies
of
both
animals
and
humans
have
shown
that
sex
hormones
somehow
affect
the
stress
response,
causing
females
under
stress
to
produce
more
of
the
trigger
chemicals
than
do
males
under
the
same
conditions.
In
several
of
the
studies,
when
stressed-out
female
rats
had
their
ovaries
(the
female
reproductive
organs)
removed,
their
chemical
responses
became
equal
to
those
of
the
males.
Adding
to
a
woman’s
increased
dose
of
stress
chemicals,
are
her
increased
“opportunities”
for
stress.
“It’s
not
necessarily
that
women
don’t
cope
as
well.
It’s
just
that
they
have
so
much
more
to
cope
with,”
says
Dr.
Yehuda.
“Their
capacity
for
tolerating
stress
may
even
be
greater
than
men’s,”
she
observes,
“it’s
just
that
they’re
dealing
with
so
many
more
things
that
they
become
worn
out
from
it
more
visibly
and
sooner.”
Dr.
Yehuda
notes
another
difference
between
the
sexes.
“I
think
that
the
kinds
of
things
that
women
are
exposed
to
tend
to
be
in
more
of
a
chronic
or
repeated
nature.
Men
go
to
war
and
are
exposed
to
combat
stress.
Men
are
exposed
to
more
acts
of
random
physical
violence.
The
kinds
of
interpersonal
violence
that
women
are
exposed
to
tend
to
be
in
domestic
situations,
by,
unfortunately,
parents
or
other
family
members,
and
they
tend
not
to
be
one-shot
deals.
The
wear-and-tear
that
comes
from
these
longer
relationships
can
be
quite
devastating.”
Adeline
Alvarez
married
at
18
and
gave
birth
to
a
son,
but
was
determined
to
finish
college.
“I
struggled
a
lot
to
get
the
college
degree.
I
was
living
in
so
much
frustration
that
that
was
my
escape,
to
go
to
school,
and
get
ahead
and
do
better.”
Later,
her
marriage
ended
and
she
became
a
single
mother.
“It’s
the
hardest
thing
to
take
care
of
a
teenager,
have
a
job,
pay
the
rent,
pay
the
car
payment,
and
pay
the
debt.
I
lived
from
paycheck
to
paycheck.”
Not
everyone
experiences
the
kinds
of
severe
chronic
stresses
Alvarez
describes.
But
most
women
today
are
coping
with
a
lot
of
obligations,
with
few
breaks,
and
feeling
the
strain.
Alvarez’s
experience
demonstrates
the
importance
of
finding
ways
to
diffuse
stress
before
it
threatens
your
health
and
your
ability
to
function.
63.?Which
of
the
following
is
true
according
to
the
first
two
paragraphs?
A)
Women
are
biologically
more
vulnerable
to
stress.
B)
Women
are
still
suffering
much
stress
caused
by
men.
C)
Women
are
more
experienced
than
men
in
coping
with
stress.
D)
Men
and
women
show
different
inclinations
when
faced
with
stress.
64.?According
to
Paragraph
4,
the
stress
women
confront
tends
to
be__________.
A)
domestic
and
temporary.
B)
irregular
and
violent.
C)
durable
and
frequent.
D)
trivial
and
random.
65.?The
sentence
“I
lived
from
paycheck
to
paycheck.”
shows
that_____________.
A)
Alvarez
cared
about
nothing
but
making
money.
B)
Alvarez’s
salary
barely
covered
her
household
expenses.
C)
Alvarez
got
paychecks
from
different
jobs.
D)
Alvarez
paid
practically
everything
by
check.
66.?Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A)
Strain
of
Stress:
No
Way
Out?
B)
Responses
to
Stress:
Gender
Difference
C)
Stress
Analysis:
What
Chemicals
Say
D)
Gender
Inequality:
Women
Under
Stress
Section
C
Suppose
you
become
a
leader
in
an
organization.
It’s
very
likely
that
you’ll
want
to
have
volunteers
to
help
with
the
organization’s
activities.
To
do
so,
it
should
help
to
understand
why
people
undertake
volunteer
work
and
what
keeps
their
interest
in
the
work.
Let’s
begin
with
the
question
of
why
people
volunteer.
67
.
For
example,
people
volunteer
to
express
personal
values
related
to
unselfishness,
to
expand
their
ranger
of
experiences,
and
to
strengthen
social
relationships.
If
volunteer
positions
do
not
meet
these
needs,
people
may
not
wish
to
participate.
To
select
volunteers,
you
may
need
to
understand
the
motivations
of
the
people
you
wish
to
attract.
People
also
volunteer
because
they
are
required
to
do
so.
To
increase
levels
of
community
service,
some
schools
have
launched
compulsory
volunteer
programs.
Unfortunately,
these
programs
can
shift
people’s
wish
of
participation
form
an
internal
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
it’s
important
to
me”)
to
an
external
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
I’m
required
to
do
so”).
When
that
happens,
people
become
less
likely
to
volunteer
in
the
future.
68
.
Once
people
begin
to
volunteer,
what
leads
them
to
remain
in
their
positions
over
time?
To
answer
this
question,
researchers
have
conducted
follow-up
studies
in
which
they
track
volunteers
over
time.
For
instance,
one
study
followed
238
volunteers
in
Florida
over
a
year.
One
of
the
most
important
factors
that
influenced
their
satisfaction
as
volunteers
was
the
amount
of
suffering
they
experienced
in
their
volunteer
positions.
69
.
The
researchers
note
that
attention
should
be
given
to
“training
methods
that
would
prepare
volunteers
for
troublesome
situations
or
provide
them
strategies
for
coping
with
the
problem
they
do
experience”.
Another
study
of
302
volunteers
at
hospitals
in
Chicago
focused
on
individual
differences
in
the
degree
to
which
people
view
“volunteer”as
an
important
social
role.
70
.
Participants
indicated
the
degree
to
which
the
social
role
mattered
by
responding
to
statements
such
as
“Volunteering
in
Hospital
is
an
important
part
of
who
I
am.”
“Consistent
with
the
researchers”
expectations,
they
found
a
positive
correlation
between
the
strength
of
role
identity
and
the
length
of
time
people
continued
to
volunteer.
These
results,
once
again,
lead
to
concrete
advice:
“Once
an
individual
begins
volunteering,
continued
efforts
might
focus
on
developing
a
volunteer
role
identity.
Items
like
T-shirts
that
allow
volunteers
to
be
recognized
publicly
for
their
contribution
can
help
strengthen
role
identity”.
A.People
volunteer
mainly
out
of
academic
requirements
and
internal
needs.B.People
must
be
sensitive
to
this
possibility
when
they
make
volunteer
activities
a
must.C.It
was
assumed
that
those
people
for
whom
the
role
of
volunteer
was
most
part
of
their
personal
identity
would
also
be
most
likely
to
continue
volunteer
work.D.Individual
differences
in
role
identity
is
most
likely
to
motivate
volunteers
to
continue
their
work.E.Although
this
result
may
not
surprise
you,
it
leads
to
important
practical
advice.F.Researchers
have
identified
several
factors
that
motivate
people
to
get
involved.
Summary
Writing
Getting
rid
of
dirt,
in
the
opinion
of
most
people,
is
a
good
thing.
However,
there
is
nothing
fixed
about
attitudes
to
dirt.
In
the
early
16th
century,
people
thought
that
dirt
on
the
skin
was
a
means
to
block
out
disease,
as
medical
opinion
had
it
that
washing
off
dirt
with
hot
water
could
open
up
the
skin
and
let
ills
in.
A
particular
danger
was,
thought
to
lie
in
public
baths.
By
1538,
the
French
king
had
closed
the
bath
houses
in
his
kingdom.
So
did
the
king
of
England
in
1546.Thus
began
a
long
time
when
the
rich
and
the
poor
in
Europe
lived
with
dirt
in
a
friendly
way.
Henry
IV,
King
of
France,
was
famously
dirty.
Upon
learning
that
a
nobleman
had
taken
a
bath,
the
king
ordered
that,
to
avoid
the
attack
of
disease,
the
nobleman
should
not
go
out.
Though
the
belief
in
the
merit
of
dirt
was
long-lived,
dirt
has
no
longer
been
regarded
as
a
nice
neighbor
ever
since
the
18th
century.
Scientifically
speaking,
cleaning
away
dirt
is
good
to
health.
Clean
water
supply
and
hand
washing
are
practical
means
of
preventing
disease.
Yet,
it
seems
that
standards
of
cleanliness
have
moved
beyond
science
since
World
War
II.
Advertisements
repeatedly
sell
the
idea:
clothes
need
to
be
whiter
than
white,
cloths
ever
softer,
surfaces
to
shine.
Has
the
hate
for
dirt,
however,
gone
too
far?
Attitudes
to
dirt
still
differ
hugely
nowadays.
Many
first
time
parents
nervously
try
to
warn
their
children
off
touching
dirt,
which
might
be
responsible
for
the
spread
of
disease.
On
the
contrary,
Mary
Ruebush,
an
American
immunologist,
encourages
children
to
play
in
the
dirt
to
build
up
a
strong
immune
system.
And
the
latter
position
is
gaining
some
ground.
V.
Translation
1．大家都认可，快乐是一个旅程，而非目的地。（acknowledge）
2.
你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见嫌疑犯实施犯罪？?(it)
3
这个年轻人向朋友保证在任何情况下他都不会违背做一个诚实和守信人的承诺。
（under
no
circumstances）
任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责，虽然事先了解一切是
不可能的。(blame)
Guided
Writing
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
学校学生广播正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（科学技术、兴趣爱好、文学艺术）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（旅行、环保、健身）中挑选一个纳入该电视台节目。假设你是该校学生李华，给广播台长写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1.
你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；
2.
你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
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