2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—选句填空（含答案解析）

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2020年上海高三英语二模汇编—选句填空
1、2020黄浦二模
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
Research
has
shown
that
different
threats
push
different
psychological
buttons.It’s
also
important
that
the
content
and
tone
of
communications
speak
to
the
intended
audience.Giving
people
concrete,
detailed
actions
to
take
can
help
reduce
panic
and
overreaction
when
a
new
threat
emerges.In
response,
psychologists
are
helping
governments
and
other
groups
communicate
real
risk
levels
to
the
public
to
help
make
sure
actions
meet
needs.The
discipline
is
very
straightforward:
Identify
the
few
things
that
people
most
need
to
know
and
figure
out
how
to
explain
them
in
clear,
trustworthy
terms.We
need
to
step
back
and
allow
for
high
emotions
and
missteps
by
people
as
long
as
we
help
them
make
well-informed
decisions
that
eventually
protect
them.
Framing
risk,
reducing
panic
For
four
decades,
psychologists
have
studied
how
people
see
risk
and
what
causes
them
to
overreact
to
terrorist
attacks
and
other
extreme
events.
Those
misplaced
reactions
can
lead
to
the
shame
of
people
and
prevention
of
daily
activities,
causing
a
new
set
of
problems
on
top
of
a
current
crisis.
___67___
Timely,
honest
communication
from
a
source
an
audience
considers
credible
is
essential
to
containing
fear,
but
governments
have
the
tough
job
of
explaining
risk
and
telling
people
how
to
act
without
also
seeding
alarm.
___68___
Messages
may
be
more
helpful
when
delivered
in
creative
formats.
Visuals
are
very
powerful.
We
can’t
just
tell
people
things;
we
have
to
show
them.
When
people
are
using
the
more
primary
part
of
their
brain,
visuals
are
more
powerful
than
our
higher
order
tools,
including
language.
___69___
People
can
understand
just
about
anything
if
you
do
your
job
right
as
a
communicator.
That
includes
keeping
it
simple
and
communicating
what
people
need
to
know,
versus
what
is
nice
to
know;
expressing
risk
in
numbers
—
“there’s
a
30
percent
chance
of
rain”
—
and
reminding
people
of
the
opportunity
cost
of
waiting
for
more
evidence.
Psychologists
working
in
the
field
of
risk
communication
assume
we
have
too
much
control
through
our
messaging.
___70___
【答案】67-70:
DEBF
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了疫情之下，政府和有关部门如何正确地向大众传达风险，从而减少恐慌。
【67题详解】
空前说心理学家一直在研究人们如何看待风险，以及是什么导致他们对恐怖袭击和其他极端事件反应过度，那些错误的反应会严重他们的日常生活，从而引发一系列新的问题，此处承接上文，讲的是心理学家对这种情况的应对办法，故D项（作为回应，心理学家正在帮助政府和其他组织向公众传达真实的风险水平，以确保行动符合需要）符合语境。
【68题详解】
空前说政府面临着艰巨的任务，即在不引起恐慌的前提下向人们解释风险并告诉他们如何行动，此处承接上文，讲的是政府应该采取的正确做法，故E项（这个原则非常简单：找出人们迫切需要知道的几件事，并想清楚如何用清晰、可信的措辞解释它们）符合语境。
【69题详解】
空后说只要你把沟通者的角色做好了，人们几乎可以理解任何事情，这说明以适合大众的方式向人们传达疫情信息也很重要，故B项（契合目标受众的传播内容和语气也同样重要）符合语境。
【70题详解】
空前说从事风险沟通领域的心理学家认为，我们通过信息传递有太多的控制力，此处承接这一话题，讲的是在向传递风险信息时，我们应该采取的争取的做法——秉持包容的态度，故F项（只要我们帮助人们做出明智的决定，最终保护他们，我们就需要退后一步，允许他们情绪高涨和犯错）符合语境。
2、2020普陀二模
A.
Kids
know
when
your
praise
is
sincere
and
when
it’s
not.B.
Still,
don’t
go
too
far
in
the
other
direction.C.
But
in
fact,
it
may
be
just
the
opposite.D.
Experts
say
that
the
quality
of
praise
is
more
important
than
the
quantity.E.
Children
develop
a
sense
of
competence
by
seeing
the
consequences
of
their
actions,
not
by
being
told
about
the
consequences
of
their
actions.F.
But
whatever
it
is,
praise
should
be
given
on
a
case-by-case
basis
and
be
proportionate
to
the
amount
of
effort
your
child
put
into
it.
Praising
Kids
Parents
praise
their
kids
whenever
they
do
anything
that
seems
to
be
something
remarkable.
Jenn
Berman,
PhD,
a
family
therapist
says,
“We’ve
gone
to
the
opposite
extreme
of
a
few
decades
ago
when
parents
tended
to
be
stricter.”
Parents
have
come
to
believe
that
by
giving
kids
heaping
portions
of
praise,
they
improve
their
self-esteem
and
confidence.
_______67_______
Too
much
praise
can
backfire,
it
seems,
and,
when
given
in
a
way
that’s
insincere,
make
kids
afraid
to
try
new
things
or
take
a
risk
for
fear
of
not
being
able
to
stay
on
top
where
their
parent’s
praise
has
put
them.
_______68_______
Not
giving
enough
praise
can
be
just
as
damaging
as
giving
too
much.
Kids
will
feel
like
they’re
not
good
enough
or
that
you
don’t
care
and,
as
a
result,
may
see
no
point
in
stretching
themselves
for
their
accomplishments.
So
what
is
the
right
amount
of
praise?
_______69_______
If
praise
is
sincere
and
genuine
and
focused
on
the
effort
not
the
outcome,
you
can
give
it
as
often
as
your
child
does
something
that
deserves
a
verbal
reward.
“We
should
especially
recognize
our
children’s
efforts
to
push
themselves
and
work
hard
to
achieve
a
goal,”
says
Donahue,
author
of
Parenting
Without
Fear,
“One
thing
to
remember
is
that
it’s
the
process
not
the
end
product
that
matters.”
Your
son
may
not
be
the
best
basketball
player
on
his
team,
Donahue
says.
But
if
he’s
out
there
every
day,
shooting
baskets,
running
drills,
and
playing
hard,
you
should
praise
his
effort
regardless
of
whether
his
team
wins
or
loses
because
it’s
above
and
beyond
the
norm.
Praising
the
effort
and
not
the
outcome
can
also
mean
recognizing
your
child
when
he
has
worked
hard
to
clean
the
yard,
cook
dinner,
or
complete
a
history
assignment,
Donahue
adds.
_______70_______
【答案】67-70
CBDF
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“表扬的艺术”：如何更为科学有效地表扬孩子。
【67题详解】
结合上下文语境，上文在阐述表扬孩子的好处，而下文则话锋一转，介绍过度表扬的弊端，这是表扬（praise）的一体两面，故可推断该空应该有承上启下的转折内容。C选项“但事实上，（表扬）也可能带来的就是反作用”符合语境，opposite一词准确地将谈表扬的好处过渡到谈弊端，本题选C。
【68题详解】
第一段结尾谈过度表扬的弊端，第二段谈没有给予足够表扬的危害同样不小，所以该空也起到承上启下转折的作用。B选项“但是，不要往另一个方向走得太远了”契合语境，the
other
direction指的就是从表扬到不表扬的“另一个方向”，故选B。
【69题详解】
上一句设问“So
what
is
the
right
amount
of
praise?”涉及的是数量（amount）
问题，而下一句“If
praise
is
sincere
and
genuine”及其后的内容，涉及的是表扬是否真诚的问题。D选项“专家说表扬的质量要比数量重要得多”，其中quantity和quality两词分别与上下句内容对应，本题应选D。
【70题详解】
该空位于文章最后一句，上文的主要内容是对孩子的表扬要基于他所做出的努力（effort）而非结果，这是一种“过程导向型”的表扬，其中effort多次出现，是关键词。文中最后两段的中心内容是介绍如何表扬，怎么表扬，F选项“但不管是什么，表扬要基于具体个例，并且要与你孩子所做的努力多少相适应”，这一内容准确概括前文内容，符合题意，故选F。
3、2020徐汇二模
A.
The
cultural
breakthrough
came
in
2014
with
a
very
specific
podcast—Serial.B.
But
if
you
are
a
celebrity,
podcasts
can
provide
a
new
branch
of
business.C.
And
now,
despite
the
growth
in
smartphones
offering
high-definition
pictures,
the
popularity
of
podcasts
is
booming.D.
Now
the
boom
in
podcasting
embraces
a
huge
range
of
talent,
from
professional
broadcasters
to
enthusiasts
offering
insights
on
anything
and
everything.E.
Podcasts
offer
a
chance
to
speak
to
a
very
precise
selection
of
people.F.
But
where
did
this
trend
for
making
portable
audio
programmes
begin?
The
Podcast
(播客)
Boom
Do
you
prefer
to
watch
TV
or
listen
to
the
radio?
There
was
a
time
when
some
people
thought
moving
pictures
would
spell
the
end
of
tuning
in
to
the
radio
for
entertainment
and
information.
But
radio
survived
and
boomed.
(67)
____________________
Perhaps
the
growth
in
podcasting
is
not
surprising—it
offers
a
digital
audio
file
that
can
be
downloaded
and
stored
for
listening
at
any
time.
It
can
also
be
streamed
from
the
internet
and
played
on
a
computer
or
MP3
player.
And
it’s
not
just
broadcasters,
like
the
BBC,
who
are
producing
podcasts:
now
commercial
broadcasters,
individuals
and
companies
with
no
connection
to
broadcasting
are
making
them.
In
fact,
anyone
with
something
to
say,
and
a
few
pounds
to
spend
on
the
equipment,
can
get
involved.
The
digital
audio
files
are
cheap
to
produce
and,
thanks
to
the
internet,
easy
to
distribute.
(68)
____________________
Journalist
Ben
Hammersley
told
the
BBC
that
“two
changes
transformed
the
market
—
one
cultural
and
one
technical.”
A
technical
breakthrough
came
in
2012
when
Apple
produced
the
iPhone
podcast
app,
which
proved
a
popular
library
system
for
listeners.
This
was
followed
by
a
dramatic
improvement
in
inexpensive
recording
production
and
editing
equipment.
Finally,
the
development
of
4G
mobile
phone
connections
and
widespread
wi-fi
meant
listeners
could
browse,
download
or
stream
shows
whenever
they
wanted.
(69)
____________________
It
was
a
piece
of
investigative
journalism
hosted
by
Sarah
Koenig
(?https:?/??/?www.ieyenews.com?/?tag?/?sarah-koenig?/?"
\o
"Posts
tagged
with
Sarah
Koenig?),
telling
a
non-fiction
story
over
multiple
episodes
(集).
To
date,
the
first
and
second
seasons
of
the
show
have
had
more
than
340
million
downloads.
Advertisers
soon
realized
the
money-making
potential
of
this
and
other
successful
podcasts.
And
where
the
audience
goes,
the
money
follows.
From
2017
to
2018
advertising
spending
on
podcasts
in
the
UK
went
from
$10.6m(?8.5m)
to
$19.7m,
an
85%
increase,
according
to
Ovum.
(70)
____________________
In
fact,
as
Ben
Hammersley
explains,
podcasting
has
brought
people
into
broadcasting
who
would
normally
never
have
seen
the
inside
of
a
recording
studio.
“There
are
of
course
professional
podcasters,
but
there
are
many
more
people
who
create
quality
content
and
do
it
for
nothing,”
he
says.
“And
that
is
changing
not
just
the
way
we
listen
to
audio
but
the
way
the
broadcasting
industry
works.”
【答案】67-70
CFAD
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了播客发展热的原因。
【67题详解】
该空所在段落为第一段，从结构讲，首段常是引出文章的论述主题。通过题目“The
Podcast
Boom（播客潮）”以及第二段的“the
growth
in
podcasting
is
not
surprising（播客的发展并不足为奇）”，可进一步确定，该空应该引述出播客快速发展这一社会事实。故选C项。
【68题详解】
该空前“The
digital
audio
files
are
cheap
to
produce
and,
thanks
to
the
internet,
easy
to
distribute.（数字音频文件生产成本低，由于会联网起到作用，它还易于传播）”，又因为该空后提及“two
changes
transformed
the
market-one
cultural
and
one
technical（两项改变则颠覆了单一文化市场及技术的局面）”，位于段落中部结构上起到上下过度作用，即是哪方面促使数字媒体节目的快速转播呢？备选项F符合这一语境。故选F项。
【69题详解】
该空后“It
was
a
piece
of
investigative
journalism（它是一档新闻调查类节目）”，该句的it为代词，根据语境可判别出这里指代的是某栏播客节目。在备选项当中，只有A项是介绍相关某个播客节目的。故选A项。
【70题详解】
该空所在段落的最后一句“And
that
is
changing
not
just
the
way
we
listen
to
audio
but
the
way
the
broadcasting
industry
works（播客不仅改变我们收听音频的方式，同时也在改变广播行业运作方式）”，可以推断出播客的兴起正在影响这个行业的各个方面，又因为该空位于句首，结构上起到总领段落作用，只有D项符合语义。故选D项。
4、2020杨浦二模
A.
In
addition
to
painting
on
canvas,
Crisco
also
paints
on
musical
instruments.B.
However,
no
matter
what
the
scene
is,
none
of
the
paintings
focus
on
the
darkness.C.
His
paintings
take
you
on
an
unknown
adventure
into
an
unknown
space,
reminding
you
to
be
alert
and
brave.D.
Through
the
use
of
glowing
paint,
he
brings
a
sense
of
magic
and
energy
to
the
scenes
that
he
creates.E.
Studies
have
shown
that
expressing
themselves
through
art
can
help
people
with
depression
and
anxiety.F.
As
a
self-taught
artist,
he
found
his
passion
for
art
at
a
dark
time
in
his
life
when
he
found
himself
suddenly
out
of
work.
Bringing
Light
to
the
Darkness
with
Crisco
Art
Most
paintings
are
best
enjoyed
in
galleries
with
good
lighting.
But
an
Italian
artist
who
goes
by
the
name
Crisco
is
changing
the
way
we
look
at
paintings
with
a
new
approach:
glow（发光）-in-the-dark
paint.
Crisco’s
paintings
are
beautiful
in
normal
lighting,
but
it
is
when
the
lights
go
down
that
they
really
come
alive.
(67)
_________________His
art
mostly
shows
landscapes.
Trees,
horizons,
and
especially
starry
skies
come
alive
with
the
glow
of
his
paints.
At
the
center
of
most
of
his
work,
there
is
often
a
human
or
animal
figure.
The
figure
may
be
just
a
shadow
surrounded
by
the
glowing
colors,
but
it
often
appears
to
be
the
source
of
the
light.
(68)
_________________
Instead,
they
are
all
bright
pictures
of
hope,
life,
wonder,
and
growth.
They
are
Crisco's
way
of
adding
a
little
light
to
the
world.
Crisco’s
full
name
is
Cristoforo
Scorpiniti.
(69)
___________________
Instead
of
letting
a
negative
experience
get
the
best
of
him,
he
threw
himself
into
a
new
pursuit:
art.
According
to
Crisco,
he
paints
with
glowing
colors
to
inspire
hope.
Though
his
paintings
often
show
night
scenes
that
look
good
in
the
dark,
Crisco
does
not
focus
on
the
darkness.
Instead,
he
uses
his
paintings
to
express
positivity
by
creating
light
in
the
darkness.
A
lot
of
his
best
work
has
come
out
of
just
painting
what
he
felt
at
the
time
without
any
plan
or
structure.
(70)
_____________________
With
over
half
a
million
followers
on
Instagram,
Crisco
is
already
popular
on
social
media
for
his
unique
paintings.
He’ll
surely
only
get
more
famous
in
the
future
for
his
inspiring
paintings
that
beautifully
mix
darkness
and
light.
【答案】67-70
D
B
F
A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利画家Crisco不同寻常的绘画形式---用发光的颜料来作画，让人们在没有光的情况下，欣赏他的作品。同时文章还解释了为何他会采用这种画法的原因以及这些画所代表的的意义，现在这位意大利画家很受欢迎。
【67题详解】
上一句提到“Crisco的画在正常的灯光下很漂亮，但只有当灯光熄灭时，它们才会真正活跃起来。”承接下文，D选项“通过使用发光的颜料，他给他创造的场景带来了魔力和能量”对上一句其补充说明作用。切题。故选D项。
【68题详解】
上一句提到“这个图形可能只是一个被发光的颜色包围的阴影，但它经常看起来是光源”。表示转折，B选项“然而，无论场景是什么，没有一幅画聚焦于黑暗。”切题。故选B项。
【69题详解】
划线后一句提到“他没有让负面的经历占据上风，而是投身于一种新的追求:艺术。”承接下句。F选项“作为一名自学成才的艺术家，他是在人生的黑暗时期发现自己突然失去了对艺术的热爱”中的“对艺术失去了热爱”和后句“负面的经历”相契合。故选F项。
【70题详解】
前句提到“他很多最好的作品都是在没有任何计划或结构的情况下画出他当时的感觉”承接上文。A选项“除了在画布上作画，Crisco还在乐器上作画”。A项的内容和前句表示递进，进一步说明Crisco的创作的不同寻常。切题。故选A项。
5、2020崇明二模
This
is
because
ocean
waters
have
taken
in
nearly
all
of
the
atmosphere’s
extra
heat.This
causes
winds
off
the
coast
to
weaken
and
enables
warm
water
to
move
eastward.The
scientists
examined
waters
off
the
coast
of
Northern
California
in
the
eastern
Pacific
Ocean.The
northward
travel
of
so
many
different
sea
creatures
was
considered
to
have
never
happened
before.The
researchers
discovered
that
some
of
the
sea
creatures
were
hundreds
of
kilometres
south
of
their
known
range.A
study
estimated
climate
change
will
force
hundreds
of
fish
species
and
other
creatures
to
seek
out
cooler
waters
in
coming
years.
Warm
Waters
Caused
Many
Sea
Creatures
to
Move
Far
North
A
study
has
found
that
warmer
waters
off
North
America’s
West
Coast
caused
many
kinds
of
sea
life
to
move
farther
north
than
ever
before.
The
study
was
a
project
of
scientists
from
the
University
of
California,
Davis.
67
They
identified
a
total
of
67
species
between
2014
and
2016,
during
what
was
described
as
a
“marine
heatwave”.
The
researchers
reported
that
37
of
the
67
species
they
studied
had
never
before
been
observed
so
far
north
as
California.
These
creatures
are
native
to
an
area
hundreds
of
kilometers
to
the
south.
Some
species
were
discovered
outside
a
marine
laboratory
belonging
to
the
University
of
California,
Davis.
A
few
were
even
found
north
of
California.
68
The
scientists
involved
in
the
study
believe
the
findings
can
provide
valuable
information
for
predicting
future
sea
life
reactions
to
warming
oceans.
There
is
also
evidence
suggesting
that
warming
waters
in
the
Atlantic
Ocean
have
caused
some
sea
creatures
to
move
northward.
A
2017
report
in
Yale
University’s
online
magazine
Environment
360
explores
this
subject.
The
report
notes
that
for
many
years,
the
ocean
has
served
as
our
best
defense
against
climate
change.
69
This
has
led
to
warmer
oceans,
with
experts
predicting
continuing
rising
temperatures.
Warmer
waters
along
the
U.S.
East
Coast
have
affected
a
black
sea
fish.
Researchers
from
Rutgers
University
reported
the
fish
once
was
mainly
found
off
the
coast
of
North
Carolina.
But
they
discovered
the
species
had
traveled
more
than
700
kilometers
northward,
to
waters
off
the
coast
of
New
Jersey.
70
Using
climate
models,
researchers
predicted
that
some
species
along
the
U.S.
and
Canadian
Pacific
coasts
will
move
as
far
as
1,400
kilometers
north
from
their
current
habitats.
Such
movement
is
expected
to
cause
major
difficulties
for
fisheries
both
in
the
U.S.
and
Canada,
the
study
found.
【答案】67-70
CDAF
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现，北美洲西海岸温暖的海水导致许多种类的海洋生物比以往任何时候都向北移动。
【67题详解】
空后说在2014年至2016年期间，他们总共识别了67个物种，这段时间被称为海洋热浪，因此此处应该会提到科学家对海水的研究，空后的“They”指代的就是C项中的“scientists”，故C项（科学家们检查了东太平洋加利福尼亚北部海岸附近的水域）符合语境。
【68题详解】
空前说一些物种是在加州大学戴维斯分校的海洋实验室外发现的，甚至在加利福尼亚北部也发现了一些，此处总结上文，讲的是这么多海洋生物向北移动这一现象十分罕见，D项中的“so
many
different
sea
creatures”与空前的“Some
species”及“A
few”相对应，故D项（这么多不同种类的海洋生物向北移动被认为是前所未有的）符合语境。
【69题详解】
空后说这导致海洋变暖，专家预测气温将继续上升，因此此处是说海水吸收了热量，故A项（这是因为海水吸收了大气中几乎所有的额外热量）符合语境。
【70题详解】
空后说研究人员利用气候模型预测，美国和加拿大太平洋沿岸一些物种将从目前的栖息地向北移动1400公里，这说明海洋变暖使海洋生物向北朝温度更低的地方移动，故F项（一项研究估计，未来几年，气候变化将迫使数百种鱼类和其他生物寻找更凉爽的水域）符合语境。
6、2020长宁二模
A.
As
a
result,
names
and
files
are
usually
arranged
in
alphabetic
order.B.
It
means
words
must
be
written
using
combinations
of
several
symbols.C.
It
is
a
set
of
letters
or
symbols
in
a
fixed
order
used
for
writing
a
language.D.
Aside
from
the
alphabet,
there
are
two
other
modern
writing
systems.E.
Perhaps
the
most
important
divisions
happened
between
3000
and
2000
years
ago.F.
In
some
parts
of
the
world,
alphabets
have
been
imposed
on
people
by
empire
builders.
How
we
write
today
The
alphabet
was
born
about
3800
years
ago.
After
a
slow
start,
it
has
produced
dozens
of
offspring
(后代).
______67______
Near
the
beginning
of
this
period,
the?Phoenician
alphabet—a
direct
offspring
of
the
first
one—gave
rise
to
the
Greek
and
Aramaic
alphabets.
The
Greek
alphabet
then
led
to
a
huge
variety
of
forms,
from
the
Cyrillic
family
used
in
south-east
Europe
and
northern
Asia
to
the
Latin/Roman
family
that
includes
English,
German
and
French.
The
Aramaic
alphabet,
meanwhile,
developed
into
a
group
that
includes
the
Hebrew
and
Arabic
alphabets.
It
probably
also
gave
rise
to
the
Brahmi
script,
another
distinct
type
of
alphabet
that
is
itself
the
parent
of
dozens
more
used
across
south
and
South-East
Asia.
______68______
In
the
first—of
which
Chinese
text
is
the
only
real
example
still
in
use—signs
represent
full
words.
In
the
other,
signs
represent
syllables
(音节).
Japanese
uses
many
Chinese
“word”
characters,
but
has
two
other
writing
systems
based
on
syllable
signs.
The
few
other
syllable-based
systems
include
the
Cherokee
one
used
in
the
south-east
US.
The
variety
and
global
dominance
of
the
alphabet
isn’t
necessarily
a
sign
of
its
superiority
to
other
writing
systems,
says
Amalia
Gnanadesikan,
recently
retired
from
the
University
of
Maryland.
______69______
For
instance,
they
are
used
across
north
Asia,
Africa
and
the
Americas
because
of
Russian
and
western
European
expansionism.
The
fact
that
alphabets
use
a
smaller
set
of
characters
than
other
writing
systems
isn’t
entirely
beneficial
either,
says
Gnanadesikan.
______70______
Take
the
phrase
“dog
bites
man”.
Someone
learning
Chinese
has
to
understand
just
three
signs—rather
than
11?letters—to
read
and
write
the
sentence.
“So
you
get
a
very
rapid
ability
to
translate
what
you’re
learning
into
use,”
she
says.
Moreover,
children
in
Japan
learn
the
hiragana
(平假名)
syllable-based
writing
system
so
easily
that
they
can
often
start
reading
aged
3.
【答案】67-70
EDFB
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们今天的书写方式有字母表、中文以及符号代表音节，着重介绍了字母表的演变历史、传播以及其存在的缺点。
【67题详解】
根据下文Near
the
beginning
of
this
period,
the
Phoenician
alphabet—a
direct
offspring
of
the
first
one—gave
rise
to
the
Greek
and
Aramaic
alphabets.
The
Greek
alphabet
then
led
to
a
huge
variety
of
forms,
在这一时期的开始，腓尼基字母——第一个字母的直接后代——产生了希腊和亚拉姆字母。于是，希腊字母产生了各种各样的形式；以及The
Aramaic
alphabet,
meanwhile,
developed
into
a
group
that
includes
the
Hebrew
and
Arabic
alphabets.
与此同时，亚拉姆字母表发展成为一个包括希伯来和阿拉伯字母的群体。可知，此处内容与这个时期字母表进行了分类有关，选项E“也许最重要的分类发生在3000年到2000年之间。”符合语境。故选E。
【68题详解】
根据下文In
the
first—of
which
Chinese
text
is
the
only
real
example
still
in
use—signs
represent
full
words.
In
the
other,
signs
represent
syllables
(音节).
在第一个例子中，中文文本是唯一仍在使用的真实例子，符号代表完整的单词。在另一种语言中，符号代表音节。可知，此处内容与另外两种书写语言有关有关，选项D“除了字母表，还有另外两种现代书写系统。”符合语境。故选D。
【69题详解】
根据下文For
instance,
they
are
used
across
north
Asia,
Africa
and
the
Americas
because
of
Russian
and
western
European
expansionism.例如，由于俄罗斯和西欧的扩张，它们在北亚、非洲和美洲广泛使用。可知，此处内容与扩张者把字母表带去给当地的人们有关，选项F“在世界的某些地方，字母表是由帝国的缔造者们强加给人们的。”符合题意。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据上文The
fact
that
alphabets
use
a
smaller
set
of
characters
than
other
writing
systems
isn’t
entirely
beneficial
either,
says
Gnanadesikan.
Gnanadesikan说，与其他书写系统相比，字母表使用的字符更小，这一事实也不是完全有益的。和下文Take
the
phrase
“dog
bites
man”.
Someone
learning
Chinese
has
to
understand
just
three
signs—rather
than
11
letters—to
read
and
write
the
sentence.
以“狗咬人”为例。学中文的人只需要理解三个符号——而不是11个字母——就可以阅读和写出这个句子。可知，此处内容与字母表使用的小符号也并不都是有益的有关，选项B“它意味着单词必须由几个符号组合而成。”符合语境。故选B。
7、2020松江二模
This
could
add
desired
nutrients
to
the
soil
thanks
to
the
rich
variety
of
crops.
Over
centuries,
the
growth
of
agriculture
contributed
to
the
rise
of
civilizations.In
experiments
with
pea
plants,
he
learned
how
traits
were
passed
from
one
generation
to
another.
In
the
1830s,
Cyrus
McCormick’s
harvesting
machine
helped
modernize
the
grain-cutting
process.
This
helped
to
produce?extra?food
to
trade
for
other
goods
and
allowed
people
to
work
at
other
tasks.New
agricultural
inventions
dramatically
increased
food
production
in
Europe
and
European
colonies.
A
period
of
important
agricultural
development
began
in
the
early
1700s
in
Great
Britain
and
the
Low
Countries
(Belgium,
Luxembourg,
and
the
Netherlands,
which
lie
below
sea
level).
(67)
____________________
One
of
the
most
important
of
these
developments
was
an
improved
horse-drawn
seed
drill
invented
by
Jethro
Tull
in
England.
Until
that
time,
farmers
sowed
seeds
by
hand.
Tull’s
drill
made
rows
of
holes
for
the
seeds.
By
the
end
of
the
18th
century,
seed
drilling
was
widely
practiced
in
Europe.
Many
other
machines
were
developed
in
the
United
States.
(68)
____________________
At
about
the
same
time,
John
and
Hiram
Pitts
introduced
a
horse-powered
thresher
(脱粒机)
that
shortened
the
process
of
separating
grain
and
seed
from
straw.
John
Deere’s
steel
plow
(犁),
introduced
in
1837,
made
it
possible
to
work
the
tough
soil
with
much
less
horsepower.
Along
with
new
machines,
there
were
several
important
advances
in
selective
farming.
By
selectively
breeding
animals
(breeding
those
with
desirable
traits),
farmers
increased
the
size
and?productivity?of
their
livestock.
Plants
could
also
be
selectively
bred
for
certain
qualities.
In
1866,
Gregor
Mendel’s
studies
in
heredity
(遗传)
were
published
in
Austria.
(69)
____________________
His
work
paved
the
way
for
improving
crops
through?genetics.
New
crop
planting
methods
also
evolved
during
this
time.
Many
of
these
were
adopted
over
the
next
century
or
so
throughout
Europe.
For
example,
the
Norfolk
four-field
system,
developed
in
England,
proved
quite
successful.
It
involved
the
yearly
rotation
(轮作)
of
several
crops,
including
wheat,
turnips,
barley,
clover,
and
ryegrass.
(70)
____________________
Moreover,
this
method
enabled
farmers
to
grow
enough
to
sell
some
of
their
harvest
without
having
to
leave
any
land
unplanted.
Not
all
parts
of
the
world
benefited
from
these
developments
instantly,
however.
Farmers
in
other
parts
such
as
Australia
and
Africa
continued
to
use
old
ways
of
agriculture
for
a
long
time.
【答案】67-70
FDCA
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了人类历史上关于农业耕种技术，农业收割技术，和农业育种技术等的几个重大的发展。
【67题详解】
上文提到“18世纪是英国和低地国家农业发展的一个重要时期”。承接上文，F选项“新的农业发明极大地提高了欧洲和欧洲殖民地的粮食产量。”切题。故选F项。
【68题详解】
上文提到“在美国许多其他的机器被发明”而下文“大约在同一时间，John和Hiram
Pitts引进了马力脱粒机，缩短从稻草分离谷物和种子的时间。”D选项“在19世纪30年代，Cyrus
McCormick
的收割机帮助实现了谷物收割过程的现代化。”可以承接上文又和下文并列。故选D项。
【69题详解】
上文提到“1866年，孟德尔的遗传研究在奥地利发表”。承接上文，C选项“在用豌豆做的实验中，他了解了特征是如何代代相传的。”切题。该选项的he对应上文中的Gregory
Mendel。该选项也可对应下句的his
work。故选C项。
【70题详解】
上文提到“它涉及年度轮作几种作物，包括小麦、萝卜、大麦、苜蓿、黑麦草。”承接上文，A选项“由于农作物种类丰富，这可以给土壤增加所需的养分”切题。该选项中的“农作物种类丰富”对于上文提到的“小麦、萝卜、大麦、苜蓿、黑麦草”。故选A项。
8、2020宝山二模
A.
Learning
from
your
achievements
and
mistakes
will
set
you
up
for
continued
successB.
The
answers
to
these
questions
may
help
you
develop
resolutions
for
the
next
yearC.
Whatever
it
is,
if
you
don't
know
what
your
goal
is,
you're
not
likely
to
reach
itD.
And
don't
neglect
saying
thank
you
to
the
people
responsible
for
things
on
your
listE.
Then
commit
to
following
your
plan
to
the
endF.
But
reflecting
on
the
past
doesn't
mean
being
involved
in
your
failures
As
2019
draws
to
a
close,
it
can
be
helpful
to
think
about
finishing
what
you
have
started.
With
that
in
mind,
here
are
some
thoughts
on
finishing
projects
and
seasons
well.
Finishing
projects
One
step
to
finishing
a
project
comes
near
the
beginning:
define
what
it
means
for
the
project
to
be
finished.
This
could
mean
getting
an
article
published,
submitting
a
report
to
your
boss
or
teacher,
or
creating
designs
for
a
product.
67
.
In
order
to
finish
projects,
you
must
also
plan
out
the
steps
you
will
take.
Break
your
big
task
into
smaller
ones,
and
give
yourself
a
short-term
deadline
for
each
of
them.
68
.
Then
when
you
do
finish
-
celebrate!
Take
some
time
to
enjoy
your
accomplishment
and
reward
yourself
for
all
your
hard
work.
Also
take
some
time
to
consider
how
the
project
went
what
you
did
well,
and
what
needs
improvement.
69
.
Finishing
the
year
As
we
come
to
the
end
of
2019,
it's
good
to
take
some
time
to
pause
and
reflect
on
the
past
year.
What
goals
did
you
reach
or
what
have
you
learned?
What
would
you
like
to
do
differently
next
year?
While
you're
thinking,
consider
things
you're
thankful
for
from
the
year.
You
could
make
a
list
of
12,
one
for
each
month,
or
52,
one
for
each
week.
Or
just
write
down
as
many
things
as
you
can
think
of.
This
will
help
you
end
the
year
with
a
positive
attitude.
70
.
If
you
made
mistakes,
recognize
them
and
then
move
on.
No
one
can
change
the
past,
but
you
can
learn
from
it
and
create
a
new
future.
By
finishing
projects
and
years
well,
you
can
move
toward
your
long-term
goals
and
set
yourself
up
for
future
triumphs.
【答案】67-70
CEAF
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。随着2019年接近尾声，思考一下完成你已经开始的事情可能会很有帮助。考虑到这一点，文章介绍了一些关于完成项目的有效建议。
【67题详解】
根据上文提示“这可能意味着发表一篇文章，向你的老板或老师提交一份报告，或者为一个产品做设计。”承接上文，C项Whatever
it
is,
if
you
don't
know
what
your
goal
is,
you're
not
likely
to
reachitw（不管是什么，如果你不知道你的目标是什么，你就不太可能实现它）切题。故选C。
【68题详解】
根据上文提示“把你的大任务分成小任务，给自己设定一个短期的期限。”承接上文，E项Then
commit
to
following
your
plan
to
the
endo（然后致力于按照你的计划去做）切题。故选E。
【69题详解】
根据上文提示“也花些时间考虑一下项目进展如何，你做得怎么样，还有什么需要改进。”承接上文，A项Learning
from
your
achievements
and
mistakes
will
set
you
up
for
continued
success（从你的成就和错误中学习将为你的持续成功奠定基础）切题。故选A。
【70题详解】
根据下文提示“如果你犯了错误，承认错误，然后继续前进。”承接下文，F项But
reflecting
on
the
past
doesn't
mean
being
involved
in
your
failures4（但是，沉湎于过去并不意味着你也要承担自己的失败）切题。故选F。
9、2020奉贤二模
A.
Taking
selfies
is
definitely
one
experience
that
many
people
like
doing
and
sharing
with
the
online
world.B.
People
who
post
group
selfies
also
show
a
need
for
popularity
and
a
need
to
belong
to
a
group.C.
Narcissists
are
people
who
think
very
highly
of
themselves,
especially
how
they
look.D.
That
was
the
old
way
of
“clicking
like”.E.
The
drive
to
take
selfies
can
nevertheless
do
some
good
to
society
as
a
whole.F.
But
men
who
post
selfies
showed
more
of
a
need
to
be
seen
as
popular
than
women
did.
People
like
to
post
their
selfies(自拍照)
on
social
media.
To
know
more
about
it,
scientists
at
Syracuse
University
in
New
York
recently
did
a
research
and
came
up
with
some
surprising
findings.
People
who?post?selfies
and
use?editing
software?to
make
themselves
look
better
show
behaviors
connected
to
narcissism,
the
researchers
said.
(67)
_______
Makana
Chock,
a
professor
from
Syracuse
University,
said
because
social
media
is
mostly
used
by
people
to
share
unimportant
information
about
their
lives,
it
is
a
good
place
for
people
to
“work
towards
satisfying
their
own?vanity.”
Those
“likes”
under
their
Facebook
selfies
make
them
feel
good.
(68)
________
Some
people
feel
“peer
pressure”
to
post
selfies
and
some
follow
the
popular
belief
that
if
there
is
no
picture
of
an
event
or
experience,
it
did
not
really
happen.
“Anyway,
it
shouldn’t
be
seen
as
negative.
People
get
sense
of
satisfaction
especially
when
they
get
likes.
And
it
does
no
harm,”
Chock
said.
Other
findings
from
the
study
include:
There
are
no
major
differences
on
how
often
men
and
women
post
selfies
and
how
often
they
use
editing
software.
(69)
________
Chock
said
posting
selfies
on
social
media
is
not
all
that
different
from
what
people
have
done
for
many
years.
On
trips
and
special
events,
our
parents
and
grandparents
used
cameras
instead
of
phones
to
take
photos.
They
would
bring
back
photos
to
show
friends
and
family.
You
had
no
choice
but
to
look
at
them.
You
probably
commented
about
how
nice
everyone
in
the
photos
looked,
especially
children
and
the
person
showing
the
photos.
They
were
happy
to
hear
your
comments.
(70)
_______
On
social
media,
however,
people
can
decide
not
to
look
at
photos
--even
if
they
click
“like”.
【答案】67-70
CBFD
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述一些研究者对喜欢将自拍照放到网络上的行为进行研究，并且得出了一些惊人的发现。
【67题详解】
根据前句“研究人员称，那些上传自拍照并使用编辑软件使自己看起来更好的人表现出了与自恋有关的行为”承接上文，C选项“自恋者是那些非常看重自己的人，尤其是他们的长相”。和上文构成递进进一步说明。切题。故选C项。
【68题详解】
根据后文的People
get
sense
of
satisfaction
especially
when
they
get
likes可知，当人们收到点赞时会很满足。B选项中的show
a
need
for
popularity刚好和下文的“获得点赞感到满足”契合。故选B项。
【69题详解】
根据前句“男性和女性上传自拍照的频率和使用编辑软件的频率并没有太大区别”。前后转折，选项F“但相比于女性，上传自拍照的男性更需要被视为受欢迎”
。切题。故选F项。
【70题详解】
划线前提到：家里人给你看照片，除了好评之外你别无选择。选项D“这是老式的点赞方式”。中的that刚好可以指代前面对照片的评价方式。切题。故选D项。
10、2020闵行二模
A.
Watching
a
boxing
match
gives
them
an
outlet
for
this
aggression.B.
I
am
personally
not
at
all
in
favor
of
aggressive
sports
like
boxing.C.
In
my
personal
opinion,
boxing
can
be
so
thrilling
that
many
people
dare
not
have
a
try.D.
Professional
boxers
are
much
more
at
risk
than
their
amateur
counterparts.E.
Furthermore,
studies
have
shown
that
there
are
often
long-term
effects
of
boxing.F.
It
is
likely
to
threaten
personal
safety
of
people.
Boxing
is
a
popular
sport
that
many
people
seem
to
be
fascinated
by.
Newspapers,
magazines
and
sports
programmes
on
TV
frequently
cover
boxing
matches.
Professional
boxers
earn
a
lot
of
money,
and
successful
boxers
are
treated
as
big
heroes.
It
seems
to
me
that
some
people,
especially
men,
find
it
appealing
because
it
is
an
aggressive
sport.
When
they
watch
a
boxing
match,
they
can
identify
with
the
winning
boxer,
and
this
gives
them
the
feeling
of
being
a
winner
themselves.
It
is
a
fact
that
many
people
have
feelings
of
aggression
from
time
to
time,
but
they
cannot
show
their
aggression
in
their
everyday
lives.
_________67_________
However,
there
is
a
negative
side
to
boxing.
_________68_________
Although
boxers
wear
gloves
during
the
fights,
and
amateur
boxers
even
have
to
wear
helmets,
there
have
frequently
been
accidents
in
both
professional
and
amateur
boxing,
sometimes
with
dramatic
consequences.
Boxers
have
suffered
from
head
injuries,
and
occasionally,
fighters
have
even
been
killed
as
a
result
of
being
knocked
out
in
the
ring.
_________69_________
Sometimes
even
if
a
boxer
has
never
been
knocked
out,
he
might
have
suffered
severe
brain
damage
without
knowing
it.
_________70_________
I
think
it
would
be
better
if
less
time
were
given
to
aggressive
sports
on
TV,
and
we
welcomed
more
men
and
women
from
non-aggressive
sports
as
our
heroes
and
heroines
in
our
society.
I
believe
that
the
world
is
aggressive
enough
already!
Of
course,
people
like
competitive
sports,
and
so
do
I,
but
I
think
that
hitting
other
people
in
an
aggressive
way
is
not
something
that
should
be
regarded
as
a
sport.
【答案】67-70
AFEB
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作者讲述了拳击运动的利弊所在，并表明这类运动因其暴力和侵略性的体现不应该过多占据大众视野。
【67题详解】
前文提到人们大都有侵略的欲望，但日常生活中不能表现出来。A选项“观看拳击比赛给出了一个发泄的方法”承接上文，且回归到了拳击的主题上。故选A项。
【68题详解】
段落的主题是拳击也有负面的效果。空白后陈述的是各种拳击场上时有发生受伤事故。F选项“这有可能威胁人们的个人安全”承上启下，符合文意。故选F项。
【69题详解】
前文提到拳击手可能受伤甚至被击倒导致死亡，可以看作是当下产生的后果，而空白后指出的则是潜在的、长期的伤害，E选项“此外，研究表明拳击往往会造成一些长期影响”承上启下，符合文意。故选E项。
【70题详解】
最后一段表达的是作者对于拳击作为运动的不支持不赞成，也不应该为观众树立这样侵略性的价值观。故选B项。
11、2020浦东二模
A.
It
all
goes
back
to
each
country’s
distinct
cultural
heritage.B.
American
stories
are
rooted
in
realism;
even
our
fantasies
are
rooted
in
realism.C.
Both
boys
are
characterized
by
their
unique
roles,
thus
breathing
life
into
the
fancy
stories.D.
Meanwhile,
the
United
States,
also
a
major
player
in
children’s
classics,
deals
much
less
in
magic.E.
Britain’s
time-honored
countryside,
with
ancient
castles
and
restful
farms,
lends
itself
to
fairy-tale
invention.F.
Both
orphans
took
over
the
world
of
children’s
literature,
but
their
stories
unfold
in
noticeably
different
ways.
How
the
British
and
American
Tell
Children’s
Stories
If
Harry
Potter
and
Huckleberry
Finn
were
each
to
represent
British
versus
American
children’s
literature,
a
curious
situation
would
emerge:
In
a
literary
competition
for
the
hearts
and
minds
of
children,
one
is
a
wizard
(巫师)
in-training
at
a
boarding
school
in
the
Scottish
Highlands,
while
the
other
is
a
barefoot
boy
drifting
down
the
Mississippi,
bothered
by
cheats,
slave
hunters,
and
thieves.
One
defeats
evil
with
a
magic
stick,
the
other
takes
to
a
raft
(筏)
to
right
a
social
wrong.
_________67_________
The
small
island
of
Great
Britain
is
an
unquestionably
powerhouse
of
children’s
bestsellers:
Alice
in
Wonderland,
Harry
Potter,
and
The
Lion,
the
Witch,
and
the
Wardrobe.
Significantly,
all
are
fantasies.
_________68_________
Stories
like
The
Call
of
the
Wild,
Charlotte’s
Web,
Little
Women,
and
The
Adventures
of
Tom
Sawyer
are
more
notable
for
their
realistic
portraits
of
day-to-day
life
in
the
towns
and
farmlands
on
the
growing
frontier.
If
British
children
gathered
in
the
dim
light
of
the
kitchen
fireplace
to
hear
stories
about
magic
swords
and
talking
bears,
American
children
sat
at
their
mother’s
knee
listening
to
tales
with
moral
messages
about
a
world
where
life
was
hard,
obedience
emphasized,
and
Christian
morality
valued.
Each
style
has
its
virtues,
but
the
British
approach
undoubtedly
creates
the
kinds
of
stories
that
appeal
to
the
furthest
reaches
of
children’s
imagination.
__________69__________
For
one,
the
British
have
always
been
in
touch
with
their
pagan
(异教徒的)
folk
traditions
and
stories,
says
Maria
Tatar,
a
Harvard
professor
of
children’s
literature.
After
all,
the
country’s
very
origin
story
is
about
a
young
king
tutored
by
a
wizard.
Legends
have
always
been
accepted
as
history,
from
Merlin
to
Macbeth,
“Even
as
the
British
were
digging
into
these
magical
worlds,
Americans,
much
more
realistic,
always
viewed
their
soil
as
something
to
exploit,”
says
Tatar.
Americans
write
fantasies
too,
but
nothing
like
the
British,
says
Jerry
Griswold,
a
San
Diego
State
University
professor
of
children’s
literature.
He
said,
“__________70__________”
To
prove
it,
he
mentioned
Dorothy,
the
heroine
of
Wizard
of
Oz
(绿野仙踪)
who
unmasks
the
great
and
powerful
Wizard
as
a
cheat.
Meanwhile,
American
fantasies
differ
in
another
way:
They
usually
end
with
a
moral
lesson
learned—for
example,
in
Oz,
Dorothy’s
journey
ends
with
the
realization:
“There’s
no
place
like
home.”
【答案】67-70
FDAB
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章讲述了英国人和美国人在讲述儿童故事方面是不同的，英国儿童文学作品是充满幻想的，而美国儿童文学作品是日常生活的现实写照。尽管美国儿童文学作品也有幻想的元素，但它们植根于现实主义。
【67题详解】
考查段尾句。空前简要描述了英国和美国的儿童文学的代表作品中的主人公的事迹，因此F项（两个孤儿都接管了儿童文学的世界，但是他们的故事以明显不同的方式展开。）能够承接上文。该选项中的Both
orphans指的是前面的Harry
Potter
and
Huckleberry
Finn。故选F。
【68题详解】
考查段中句。空前讲的是英国儿童文学作品是充满幻想的，空后讲的是美国儿童文学作品是日常生活的现实写照。因此，D项（同时，美国还是儿童经典游戏的主要参与者，其魔术交易少得多）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的meanwhile前后两句是在对比英国和美国的儿童文学作品。故选D。
【69题详解】
考查段首句。空后讲的是英国和美国的儿童文学作品的来源是不同的，英国的儿童文学作品源于民俗传统和故事，而美国的儿童文学作品探索的是现实生活的土地，A项（这可以追溯到每个国家的独特文化遗产）能够与下文连接通顺。故选A。
【70题详解】
考查段中句。空前讲的是美国儿童文学作品也有幻想的元素，但不像英国的儿童文学作品。空后讲的是美国儿童文学作品在幻想方面不同于美国儿童文学作品的地方。因此B项（美国的故事植根于现实主义；甚至我们的幻想都植根于现实主义。）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。空格后的句子中的it指代的是该选项的内容，随后进行了举例。故选B。
12、2020静安二模
A.
It
also
means
better
physical
health.B.
One
of
the
most
interesting
aspects
of
the
research
has
explored
how
subjective
age
interacts
with
our
personality.C.
Some
studies
have
explored
the
potential
physical
consequences
of
this
difference.D.
These
findings
can
give
us
all
a
view
of
the
way
our
own
brains
and
bodies
endure
the
passing
of
time.E.
But
everyday
experience
suggests
that
people
often
don’t
experience
ageing
the
same
way.F.
Many
researchers
are
now
trying
to
study
how
this
knowledge
might
help
us
live
longer.
What
Your
“Age”
Says
About
You
Imagine,
for
a
moment,
that
you
had
no
birth
certificate
and
your
age
was
simply
based
on
the
way
you
feel
inside.
How
old
would
you
say
you
are?
Like
your
height
or
shoe
size,
the
number
of
years
that
have
passed
since
you
first
entered
the
world
is
an
unchangeable
fact.
(67)____________________
Scientists
are
increasingly
interested
in
this
quality.
They
are
finding
that
our
“subjective
age”
may
be
essential
for
understanding
the
reasons
why
some
people
appear
to
be
energetic
as
they
grow
old
—
while
others
fade.
(68)____________________
It
is
now
well
accepted
that
people
tend
to
mature
as
they
get
older,
becoming
less
extroverted
(外向的)
and
less
open
to
new
experiences.
These
personality
changes
are
often
considered
more
obvious
in
the
people
with
older
subjective
ages.
However,
those
who
feel
younger
than
they
really
are
also
become
more
reliable
and
less
neurotic
(神经质的)
as
they
gain
the
wisdom
that
comes
with
greater
life
experience.
But
it
doesn’t
come
at
the
cost
of
the
energy
and
vigor
of
youth.
It’s
not
true
that
having
a
lower
subjective
age
leaves
us
frozen
in
a
state
of
permanent
immaturity.
Feeling
younger
than
your
years
also
seems
to
come
with
a?lower
risk
of
depression
and
greater
mental
wellbeing
(?https:?/??/?doi.org?/?10.1080?/?13607863.2011.596811?)?as
we
age.
(69)____________________
Most
people
felt
about
eight
years
younger
than
their
actual
chronological
age
(实际年龄).
But
some
felt
they
had
aged
—
and
the
consequences
were
serious.
Feeling
between
8
and
13
years
older
than
your
actual
age
resulted
in
an
18-25%
greater
risk
of
death
over
the
study
periods,
and
greater
disease
burden
—
even
when
you
control
for
other
demographic
(人口学的)
factors
such
as
education,
race
or
marital
status.
(70)____________________
However
old
you
really
are,
it’s
worth
questioning
whether
any
of
those
limitations
are
coming
from
the
within.
【答案】67-70
EBAD
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章引出了“主观年龄”这个概念，并讲述了主观年龄的认定对于人会造成哪些影响。
【67题详解】
空白前句指出人的实际年龄是无法改变的，E选项“但是日常的经历显示，人们对衰老的感受并不都是一样的”与前句形成转折，同时引起下文提出“主观年龄”的概念，承上启下，符合文意。故选E项。
【68题详解】
空白处位于段落开头，下句表示人们随着年龄增长会变得成熟，不再那么外向同时对新鲜事物不再感兴趣，再下句更是直接总结主观年龄和个性之间的关系。B选项“研究中最有意思的部分之一就是探索主观年龄与我们的性格之间的关系”作为段首句，符合段落主题。故选B项。
【69题详解】
本段主题是主观年龄对于身心健康的影响。空白前句指出感觉自己比实际年龄年轻在精神方面的好处，A选项“这也意味着更良好的身体健康”承接上文，符合文意。故选A项。
【70题详解】
最后一段总结全文，D选项“这些发现能让我们看到我们的大脑和身体是怎么忍耐时间流逝的”与文段中提到的各种finding呼应，也能较为准确地反映文章主题。故选D项。
13、2020青浦二模
A.
If
nothing
else,
the
work
suggests
the
extraordinary
skills
of
the
dog.B.
The
dogs
weren’t
able
to
see
or
smell
the
difference
between
these
objects.C.
But
dogs’
thermal
detection
skills
may
not
be
useful
for
long
distance
hunting.D.
Most
mammals
have
naked,
smooth
skin
on
the
tips
of
their
noses
around
the
nostrils
(鼻孔).E.
Dogs
track
prey
“not
by
sight
or
sound
or
smell,
but
by
some
other
and
subtler
sense”.F.
Together,
the
two
experiments
show
that
dogs,
like
vampire
bats,
can
sense
weak
hot
spots.
New
sense
discovered
in
dog
noses:
the
ability
to
detect
heat
Dogs’
noses
are
amazing.
Not
only
are
they
up
to
100
million
times
more
sensitive
than
ours,
they
can
sense
weak
thermal
radiation—
the
body
heat
of
mammalian
(哺乳动物的)
prey,
a
new
study
reveals.
The
find
helps
explain
how
dogs
with
damaged
sight,
hearing,
or
smell
can
still
hunt
successfully.
“It’s
a
fascinating
discovery,”
says
Marc
Bekoff,
an
expert
on
dog
sniffing
(嗅探).
“It
provides
yet
another
window
into
the
sensory
worlds
of
dogs’
highly
evolved
cold
noses.”
The
ability
to
sense
weak,
radiating
heat
is
known
in
only
some
animals:
black
fire
beetles,
certain
snakes,
and
one
species
of
mammal,
the
common
vampire
bat,
all
of
which
use
it
to
hunt
prey.
__67__.
But
the
tips
of
dogs’
noses
are
moist,
colder
than
the
surrounding
temperature,
and
richly
endowed
with
nerves—all
of
which
suggests
an
ability
to
detect
not
just
smell,
but
heat.
To
test
the
idea,
researchers
at
Lund
University
trained
three
pet
dogs
to
choose
between
a
warm
(31°C)
and
a
surrounding-temperature
object,
each
placed
1.6
meters
away.
__68__.
(Scientists
could
only
detect
the
difference
by
touching
the
surfaces.)
After
training,
the
dogs
were
tested
on
their
skill
in
double-blind
experiments;
all
three
successfully
detected
the
objects
emitting
weak
thermal
radiation.
Next,
the
researchers
scanned
the
brains
of
13
pet
dogs
of
various
breeds
while
presenting
the
dogs
with
objects
emitting
neutral
or
weak
thermal
radiation.
The
left
somatosensory
cortex
in
dogs’
brains,
was
more
responsive
to
the
warm
thermal
stimulus
than
to
the
neutral
one.
The
scientists
identified
a
group
of
14
voxels
(体素)
in
this
region
of
the
dogs’
left
brains
,
but
didn’t
find
any
in
the
right,
and
none
in
any
part
of
the
dogs’
brains
in
response
to
the
neutral
stimulus.
__69__.
Also,
a
specific
region
of
their
brains
is
activated
by
this
infrared
(relating
to
a
type
of
light)
radiation,
the
scientists
say.
They
suspect
dogs
inherited
the
ability
from
their
ancestor,
the
gray
wolf,
who
may
use
it
to
sniff
out
warm
bodies
during
a
hunt.
“The
study
is
consistent
with
other
research
that
describes
the
combined
dog
nose
and
brain
as
a
highly
complicated
platform
for
processing
a
broad
range
of
signals,”
says
Gary
Settles,
a
professor
of
mechanical
engineering
at
Pennsylvania
State
University.
“The
dog
nose
can
distinguish
patterns
of
hot
and
cold
objects
at
a
distance,”
he
said.
“__70__.
That
needs
further
study.”
【答案】67-70
DBFC
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了最新研究表明：在狗的鼻子里发现了新的感觉——感知热度的能力。
【67题详解】
上文The
ability
to
sense
weak,
radiating
heat
is
known
in
only
some
animals:
black
fire
beetles,
certain
snakes,
and
one
species
of
mammal,
the
common
vampire
bat,
all
of
which
use
it
to
hunt
prey.说
只有一些动物才有感知微弱辐射热量的能力:黑火甲虫、某些蛇和一种哺乳动物——普通吸血蝙蝠，所有这些动物都用它来捕食。下文But
the
tips
of
dogs’
noses
are
moist,
colder
than
the
surrounding
temperature,
and
richly
endowed
with
nerves-all
of
which
suggests
an
ability
to
detect
not
just
smell,
but
heat.说但是狗的鼻尖是潮湿的，比周围的温度还要冷，并且有丰富的神经——所有这些都表明它们不仅有嗅觉的能力，而且还有感觉热度的能力。该空承上启下，D选项“大多数哺乳动物的鼻孔周围都有裸露光滑的皮肤”切题。故选D。
【68题详解】
上文To
test
the
idea,
researchers
at
Lund
University
trained
three
pet
dogs
to
choose
between
a
warm
(31°C)
and
a
surrounding-temperature
object,
each
placed
1.6
meters
away.说为了测试这一想法，隆德大学的研究人员训练了三只宠物狗，让它们在一个温暖的(31°C)和一个周围温度的物体之间做出选择，每个物体放置在1.6米远的地方。下文After
training,
the
dogs
were
tested
on
their
skill
in
double-blind
experiments说训练结束后，对犬进行双盲实验技能测试。该空承上启下，B选项“狗无法看到或闻到这些物体之间的区别”切题。故选B。
【69题详解】
下文Also,
a
specific
region
of
their
brains
is
activated
by
this
infrared
(relating
to
a
type
of
light)
radiation,
the
scientists
say.（此外，科学家说，他们大脑的一个特定区域被这种红外辐射(与一种光有关)激活。）得出了一种实验结论，上文也应该是一种实验结论。F选项“这两个实验共同表明，狗和吸血蝙蝠一样，能够感知微弱的热点”切题。故选F。
【70题详解】
上文
“The
dog
nose
can
distinguish
patterns
of
hot
and
cold
objects
at
a
distance,”
he
said.说他说:“狗的鼻子可以分辨出远处物体的冷热模式。”该空承接上文，C选项“但是狗的热探测技能可能对远距离狩猎没有用处”切题。故选C。
14、2020虹口二模
A.
Therefore,
many
teachers
have
been
shifting
the
focus
of
activity
from
teacher
to
learners.
B.
Meanwhile,
those?who
are
teacher-centered
should
work
to
engage
and
involve
students.C.
In
the
traditional?approach
to
teaching,
most
class
time
is
spent
with
the
teacher
lecturing?and
the
students
watching
and
listening.D.
This
approach
emphasizes
a
variety
of
different
types
of
methods
that
shift
the
role
of
the
instructors
from
givers
of
information
to
facilitators
of
student?learning.E.
Inductive
methods
include
inquiry-based
learning,
case-based?instruction,
problem-based
learning,
discovery?learning,
and
just-in-time
teaching.F.
The
thinking
that
teaching
is
either
teacher-centered
or?learner-centered
breaks
the
inseparable
connection
and
is
harmful
to
both?students
and
teachers.
Instructor-centered
or
Learner-centered?
Whether
in
the
East
or?West,
the
chief
business
of
traditional
education
is
to
pass
to
the
next
generation
the
skills,
facts,
and
standards
of
moral
and
social
conduct
that
adults
consider
to
be
necessary
for?the
next
generation’s
material
and
social
success.
__67__
The
students
work
individually
on
assignments,
and?cooperation
is
discouraged.
The
result
of
this
emphasis
on
what
instructors
do
is
that
students
may
become
passive
learners
and
do
not
take
responsibility
for
their
own
learning.
Educators
call
this
traditional
method
“instructor-centered
teaching”.
In
contrast,
“learner-centered
teaching”
occurs
when
instructors
focus
on
student
learning.
It
is
an
approach
to
teaching
that
is
increasingly
being
encouraged
in
higher
education.
__68__
These
methods
include
active
learning,
in
which
students
solve
problems,
answer
questions,
formulate
questions
of
their
own,
discuss,
explain,
debate,
or
brainstorm
during
class;
cooperative
learning,
in
which
students
work
in
teams
on
problems
and
projects
under
conditions
that?assure
both
positive
interdependence
and
individual
account
ability;
and
inductive
(归纳法)
teaching
and
learning,
in
which
students
are
first
presented
with
challenges
and
learn
the
course
material
in
the
context?of
addressing
the
challenges.
Although
learner-centered
methods
have
repeatedly
been
shown
to
be
superior
to
the
traditional
teacher-centered
approach
to
instruction,
the
best
teaching,
according
to
Parker
Palmer,
the
author
of
The
Courage
to
Teach,
is
not
one
or
the
other,
but
a
combination
of
both.
__69__
Learner-centered
teachers
still
need
to
lecture
because?teachers
are
the
definitive
content
experts
in?the
classroom
and
the
knowledge
and
experiences
of
teachers
can
be
extremely
helpful
to
students.
__70__
They
must
recognize
that
students
can
learn
from
each
other
and
that
the
deepest
learning?happens
when
students
have
the
opportunity
to
practice
and
obtain
feedback.
【答案】67-70:
CDFB
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。无论在东方还是西方，传统教育的主要目的是将成人认为下一代获得物质和社会成功所必需的技能、事实和道德及社会行为标准传授给下一代。文章介绍目前的教学方法将教师的角色从信息提供者转变为学生学习的促进者。
【67题详解】
根据下文提示“学生们独立完成作业，不鼓励合作。”承接下文，C项In
the
traditional
approach
to
teaching,
most
class
time
is
spent
with
the
teacher
lecturing
and
the
students
watching
and
listening.(在传统的教学方法中，大部分的课堂时间都花在老师讲课和学生听和看上)切题。故选C。
【68题详解】
根据上文提示“这种教学方法在高等教育中受到越来越多的鼓励。”承接上文，D项This
approach
emphasizes
a
variety
of
different
types
of
methods
that
shift
the
role
of
the
instructors
form
givers
of
information
to
facilitators
of
student
learning.(这种方法强调各种不同类型的方法，将教师的角色从信息提供者转变为学生学习的促进者)切题。故选D。
【69题详解】
根据上文提示“尽管以学生为中心的教学方法一再被证明优于传统的以教师为中心的教学方法，但《教学的勇气》一书的作者帕克·普拉默认为，最好的教学不是这两种方法中的一种，而是两者的结合。”承接上文，F项The
thinking
that
teaching
is
either
teacher-centered
or
learner-centered
breaks
the
inseparable
connection
and
is
harmful
to
both
students
and
teachers.(以教师为中心或以学生为中心的教学思想打破了不可分割的联系，对学生和教师都是有害的)切题。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据下文提示“他们必须认识到，学生可以互相学习，最深刻的学习发生在学生有机会练习和获得反馈的时候。”承接下文，B项Meanwhile,
those
who
are
teacher-centered
should
work
to
engage
and
involve
students.(同时，那些以教师为中心的人应该努力让学生参与进来)切题。故选B。
15、2020嘉定二模
A.
As
animals
learn
to
relax
in
the
presence
of
humans,
they
may
become
bolder
in
other
situations.B.
This
massive
amount
of
ecotourism
can
be
one
of
the
drivers
of
rapid
environmental
change.
C.
The
phenomena
result
from
evolutionary
changes,
but
also
from
regular
interactions
with
humans.D.
Do
not
import
or
release
living
animals
or
plants
into
the
wild
that
could
harm
native
species.
E.
In
many
cases
it
involves
close
interaction
with
wildlife.F.
Interacting
with
people
can
cause
great
change
in
the
characteristics
of
various
species
over
time.
Ecotourism
can
put
wild
animals
at
risk
Ecotourism
has
become
increasingly
popular
in
recent
years.
______67_____There
travelers
visit
natural
environments
to
fund
conservation
efforts
or
promote
local
economies.
Now,
scientists
have
analyzed
more
than
100
research
studies
on
how
ecotourism
affects
wild
animals
(?https:?/??/?phys.org?/?tags?/?wild+animals?/??).
They
find
the
presence
of
humans
changes
the
way
animals
behave,
and
those
changes
may
put
them
at
risk.
Therefore,
they
concluded
that
such
trips
can
be
harmful
to
the
animals.
When
animals
interact
in
seemingly
kind
ways
with
humans,
they
may
let
down
their
guard.
______68_____
If
this
transfers
to
their
interactions
with
predators
(捕食者),
they
are
more
likely
to
be
injured
or
killed.
The
presence
of
humans
can
also
discourage
natural
predators.
It
creates
a
kind
of
safe
place
for
smaller
animals
that
may
make
them
bolder.
For
example,
in
Grand
Teton
National
Park,
elk
and
pronghorns
in
areas
with
more
tourists
are
less
alert
and
spend
more
time
eating.
______69_____
“If?animals
become
accustomed
to
tourists
and
if
tourism?practices
enhance
this
taming,
we
might
create
unintended
consequences—affecting
the
behavior
or
population
of
a
species
and?influencing
the
species'
function
in
its
community,”
the
researchers
write.
Ecotourism
has
effects
similar
to
those
of
animal
domestication
and
urbanization.
Research
has
shown
that
domesticated
silver
foxes
become
more
obedient
and
less
fearful.
Fox
squirrels
and
birds
that
live
in
urbanized
areas
are
slower
to
flee
from
danger.
______70_____
Scientists
hope
the
new
analysis
will
encourage
more
research
into
the
interactions
between
people
and
wildlife.
It
is
essential
to
develop
further
understanding
of
how
various
species
in
various
situations
respond
to
human
interaction
and
under
what
conditions
human
(?https:?/??/?phys.org?/?tags?/?human?/??)
exposure
may
place
them
at
risk.
【答案】67-70:
EAFC
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家们通过分析了100多项关于生态旅游如何影响野生动物的研究，发现生态旅游会使野生动物处于危险之中。科学家们希望新的分析将鼓励更多关于人类和野生动物之间的相互作用的研究。
【67题详解】
根据上一句Ecotourism
has
become
increasingly
popular
in
recent
years.
近年来，生态旅游越来越受欢迎。可知，此处内容与生态旅游内容有关，选项E“在许多情况下，它涉及与野生动物的密切互动。”符合题意。故选E。
【68题详解】
根据上一句When
animals
interact
in
seemingly
kind
ways
with
humans,
they
may
let
down
their
guard.
当动物以看似友善的方式与人类互动时，它们可能会放松警惕。可知，此处内容与动物放松警惕后的行为有关，选项A“当动物学会在人类面前放松时，它们在其他情况下可能会变得更大胆。”符合题意。故选A。
【69题详解】
根据下文“If
animals
become
accustomed
to
tourists
and
if
tourism
practices
enhance
this
taming,
we
might
create
unintended
consequences
-
affecting
the
behavior
or
population
of
a
species
and
influencing
the
species’
function
in
its
community,”
the
researchers
write.
研究人员写道：“如果动物习惯了游客，如果旅游活动加强了这种驯化，我们可能会产生意想不到的后果——影响一个物种的行为或种群，并影响该物种在其群落中的功能。”可知，此处内容与动物与人类的互动带来的后果有关，选项F“随着时间的推移，与人类的互动会导致各种物种的特征发生巨大的变化。”符合题意。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据上文Research
has
shown
that
domesticated
silver
foxes
become
more
obedient
and
less
fearful.
Fox
squirrels
and
birds
that
live
in
urbanized
areas
are
slower
to
flee
from
danger.
研究表明，家养的银狐变得更听话，更不害怕。狐狸松鼠和生活在城市地区的鸟类逃避危险的速度较慢。可知，此处内容与解释上文动物的两种不同的表现有关，选项C“这种现象是进化变化的结果，但也来自与人类的定期互动。”符合题意。故选C。
16、2020金山二模
A.
Between
August
and
April,
they
sought
food
in
low
elevations
(海拔)
on
China’s
Qinling
Mountains.
B.
Scientists
think
the
research
shows
that
pandas
are
very
clever.
C.
Pandas
eat
bamboo
all
day
long
except
when
they
are
sleeping
or
playing.
D.
The
gene
for
their
“umami
taste
receptors”
became
inactive.
E.
They
fed
on
them
until
they
went
back
down
the
mountain
and
started
eating
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
again.
F.
Scientists
have
conducted
many
studies
on
pandas’
eating
habits.
Are
Bamboo-Eating
Pandas
Really
Herbivores?
On
the
outside,
giant
pandas
look
like
herbivores
(食草动物).
They
spend
nearly
all
of
their
waking
hours
eating
bamboo.
But
on
the
inside,
they’re
built
like
carnivores
(食肉动物).
About
half
of
the
calories
they
eat
come
from
protein,
according
to
a
new
study.
The
ancestor
of
giant
pandas
were
omnivorous
(杂食的).
They
ate
both
animals
and
plants,
and
had
the
digestive
system
and
gut
bacteria
to
metabolize
(使发生新陈代谢)
them.
They
had
“umami
taste
receptors,”
to
appreciate
the
flavors
of
meat.
However,
about
2.4
million
years
ago,
things
began
to
change.
______67______
Their
jaw
and
teeth
evolved
to
help
them
crush
bamboo,
and
their
wrist
bone
became
capable
of
grasping
the
stalks
(秆)
of
their
favorite
plant.
Scientists
think
pandas
switched
to
eating
bamboo
partly
because
they
didn’t
have
to
fight
with
other
animals
to
get
it.
Bamboo
is
high
in
fiber
but
has
a
low
concentration
of
nutrients,
so
pandas
have
to
eat
20
to
40
pounds
of
the
plant
every
day
just
to
get
by.
David
Raubenheimer,
a
nutritional
ecologist
at
the
University
of
Sydney,
and
his
colleagues
put
GPS
trackers
on
two
giant
pandas
and
followed
their
movements
throughout
the
year.
They
discovered
that
the
pandas
followed
the
protein.
______68______
At
the
start
of
the
cycle,
they
ate
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
until
they
got
the
chance
to
feast
on
young
shoots,
which
contained
more
protein.
The
more
the
shoots
grew,
the
more
their
protein
was
diluted
(冲淡)
by
fiber.
That
caused
the
pandas
to
move
to
higher
ground,
where
Fargesia
qinlingensis
grew.
First,
they
ate
the
shoots,
but
these,
too,
went
from
being
protein-rich
to
fiber-rich
as
they
grew.
The
pandas
responded
by
switching
to
the
leaves.
______69______
The
researchers
found
that
about
half
of
the
calories
the
pandas
ate
were
in
the
form
of
protein.
______70______
“They
can
know
exactly
where
to
go,
and
when
to
go,
so
they
can
get
the
most
of
the
nutrients
that
their
ecosystem
can
provide,”
said
Silvia
Pineda-Munoz,
who
was
not
involved
in
the
study.
The
work
also
shows
that
classifying
an
animal
as
herbivore
or
carnivore
is
more
complex
than
one
might
assume.
“It’s
not
whether
you’re
eating
plants
but
what
part
of
the
plants
you’re
eating,”
said
Pineda-Munoz.
【答案】67-70:
DAEB
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究发现，大熊猫的内在是动物的结构，它们看起来吃竹子，其实摄入的大部分是蛋白质，这是它们喜欢吃嫩枝以及每天吃大量竹子的原因。并介绍了大熊猫从食肉到食草的转变过程。将动物分类为食草动物或食肉动物比人们想象的要复杂得多。
【67题详解】
上文However,
about
2.4
million
years
ago,
things
began
to
change.(然而，大约240万年前，事情开始发生改变)与D.
The
gene
for
their
''umami
taste
receptors''
became
inactive.(它们的“鲜味受体”基因变得不活跃)承接自然，选项是对上文改变的具体说明，change和become是关键词，故选D项。
【68题详解】
下文At
the
start
of
the
cycle,
they
ate
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
until
they
got
the
chance
to
feast
on
young
shoots,
which
contained
more
protein.(在这个周期的开始，它们吃巴山木竹的叶子，直到有机会饱餐含更多蛋白质的嫩枝)与A.
Between
August
and
April,
they
sought
food
in
low
elevations
on
China's
Qinling
Mountains.(8月和4月之间，它们在中国秦岭山脉的低海拔地区寻找食物)承接自然，下文中的the
cycle就是选项提到8月到4月在中国秦岭山脉的低海拔地区寻找食物的活动，故选A项。
【69题详解】
上文First,
they
ate
the
shoots,
but
these,
too,
went
from
being
protein
-
rich
to
fiber-rich
as
they
grew.
The
panda
responded
by
switching
to
the
leaves.(首先，它们吃嫩枝，但随着它们的生长，这些嫩枝也从富含蛋白质变成富含纤维。熊猫的反应是转向叶子)与E.
They
fed
on
them
until
they
went
back
down
the
mountain
and
started
eating
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
again.(它们以它们为食，直到它们回到山下，再次开始吃巴山木竹的叶子)承接自然，上下文话题一致，都讲述熊猫先以嫩枝为食，然后转向以叶为食，故选E项。
【70题详解】
下文''They
can
know
exactly
where
to
go,
and
when
to
go,
so
they
can
get
the
most
of
the
nutrients
that
their
ecosystem
can
provide,
''
said
Silvia
Pineda
-
Munoz,
who
was
not
involved
in
the
study.(“它们可以准确地知道去哪里，什么时候去，所以它们可以获得生态系统所能提供的大部分营养”Silvia
Pineda
–
Munoz说，她没有参与这项研究)与B.
Scientists
think
the
research
show
that
pandas
are
very
clever.(科学家认为这项研究表明熊猫很聪明)承接自然，下文是熊猫聪明的具体表现，故选B项。
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