(共54张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
写作专题突破
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．Hearing the news，he burst into laughter.
2．Not knowing her address，I can’t get in touch with her.
3．He came running.
4．Her husband died，leaving her four children.
5．He sat there reading a book.
6．Working hard，you’ll succeed.
自我探究
以上各句都含有v. ing作状语的结构：
1．时间状语 2.原因状语 3.方式状语
4．结果状语 5.伴随状语 6.条件状语
v．-ing引导的状语从句
v． ing形式可作状语。作时间、原因或条件状语时，通常位于句子的前部；作方式、伴随或结果状语时，通常位于句子的后部。
1．用作时间状语时相当于when或while引导的从句。
Turning around(＝When she turned around)，she saw an ambulance driving up.
她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。
讲解归纳
注意：如果要强调分词短语所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，分词短语前可用when或while等连词。
While working in the factory(＝While I was working in the factory)，I learnt a lot from the workers.
我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。
2．用作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的从句。
Seeing nobody at home(＝Because she saw nobody at home)，she decided to leave them a note.
看到没人在家，她决定给他们留一张便条。
Not knowing where he lived(＝As/Because he did not know where he lived)，he had to return home to ask his mother.
不知道他住哪里，他只有回家去问他母亲。
3．用作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.(伴随)＝She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.
她坐在桌边看报纸。
They came into the classroom，singing and laughing.(方式)
＝They came into the classroom and sang and laughed.
他们说说笑笑地走进教室。
4．用作条件状语时相当于if，unless引导的从句。
Working hard(＝If you work hard)，you’ll succeed.
如果你努力工作，你就会成功。
Turning to the right(＝If you turn to the right)，you will find a path leading to his cottage.
如果你往右拐，你会找到通往他农舍的路。
5．用作结果状语时相当于so，so that等引导的从句。
The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.
(＝The old man was so poor when he died that he left nothing to his children.)
可怜的老人去世了，没有给孩子们留下什么。
The child fell，striking his head against the door and cutting it.(＝The child fell so that he struck his head against the door and cut it.)
那孩子摔了一跤，头在门上碰破了。
注意：现在分词作结果状语常指自然而然的结果，而不定式作结果状语是表示一种意想不到的结果。
His father died，leaving him a lot of money.
他父亲死了，留给他一大笔钱。
He hurried to get to the station，only to find the film star had left.
他匆匆到达车站结果却发现那个影星已经离开了。
6．用作让步状语时相当于though，although等引导的从句。
Admitting what he said(＝Though I admitted what he said)，I still think he hasn’t tried his best.
尽管我承认他说的话，我还是认为他没有尽全力。
Being exhausted and hungry(＝Though he was exhausted and hungry)，he kept on working.
尽管又累又饿，他仍然继续工作。
注意：v. ing的否定形式，在v. ing之前加not。
Not having received his reply，I rang him up again.
没有收到他的回音，我又给他打了一个电话。
语法专练
Ⅰ.用下面的词完成句子
1．Still ____________，Will saw the cat behave strangely.
答案：watching
2．____________down his shopping bag，Will held out his hand.
答案：Putting
3．He crossed the road，____________his eyes on the place where the cat had vanished.
答案：keeping
4．____________ his shopping bag through，he climbed through the hole.
答案：Pushing
5．I bought these books for them，____________ that they might like reading fairy tales.
答案：thinking
6．The young people go to work in big cities，____________the elderly and their kids at home.
答案：leaving
7．____________ how dangerous it is to work there，they will observe the safety rules.
答案：Knowing
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．When she heard the bad news，Jenny felt very sad.
__________________，Jenny felt very sad.
答案：Hearing the bad news
2．As I haven’t been to London，I know little about the city.
________________ been to London，I know little about the city.
答案：Not having
3．When we arrived at the station，we were all tired.
________________ at the station，we were all tired.
答案：When arriving
4．As he was ill，he went home.
________________，he went home.
答案：Being ill
5．As soon as he heard the bad news，he burst into tears.
________________ the bad news，he burst into tears.
答案：On hearing
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．“You can’t catch me！”Janet shouted，________ away.
A．run B．running
C．to run D．ran
解析：选B。句意为：“你逮不着我！”Janet大喊着，跑远了。应该用现在分词running作伴随状语，与主语Janet是主谓关系。
2．________ a reply，he decided to write again.
A．Not receiving
B．Receiving not
C．Not having received
D．Having not received
解析：选C。该题考查分词否定式在句中作状语的用法，receive与其逻辑主语he 是主动关系已从四个选项中得以明确(均是现在分词)。题干中again这一关键词提示学生，应该用现在分词的完成式形式，否定词not必须置于分词之前，故C为正确答案。该分词短语在句中充当原因状语，其作用相当于As he hadn’t received a reply，he decided to write again，即not receive这一动作发生在decide to write之前。
3．The secretary worked late into the night，________ a long speech for the president.
A．to prepare B．preparing
C．prepared D．was preparing
解析：选B。句中的现在分词作伴随状语。不能将其理解为目的状语，而误选A，因为不定式作目的状语置于句中通常不用逗号隔开。
4．Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，________ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A．having reached
B．reaching
C．to reach
D．to be reaching
解析：选B。句意为：石油价格自从年初已增长32%，在4月4日已创下每桶57.65美元的纪录。此处用现在分词表示石油价格增长的结果。having reached是现在分词的完成式，表示发生在石油价格增长之前，显然不对；to reach在句中要么作目的状语，要么与only连用作结果状语，表示出人意料的结果。
5．He glanced over at her，________ that though she was tiny，she seemed very well put together.
A．noting B．noted
C．to note D．having noted
解析：选A。句意为：他打量了一下她，注意到虽然她长得小，但似乎体形非常好。注意空格处不是谓语，所以不要选B项，因为并列谓语要用glanced over at her and noted...。此处应该是结果状语，C项表示目的；D项是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以也不正确。
6．Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made________in the restaurant.
A．working B．work
C．to work D．worked
解析：选A。句意为：露西的新工作的工资是她原来在餐馆工作时的两倍。working in the restaurant为现在分词短语作时间状语，work由she发出，故用现在分词，相当于when she was working in the restaurant。
7．________that she was going off to sleep，I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A．Seeing B．To see
C．See D．Seen
解析：选A。句意为：看到她要去睡觉，我问她是否喜欢床上的玩具娃娃。非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语I是主动关系，且与主句的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词作状语。
8．He was busy writing a story，only________once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A．to stop B．stopping
C．to have stopped D．having stopped
解析：选B。句意为：他正忙着写一个故事，只是偶尔停下来抽一支烟。现在分词在句中作状语表示伴随情况，且与逻辑主语he构成主谓关系。
9．________in the fields on a March afternoon，he could feel the warmth of spring.
A．To walk B．Walking
C．Walked D．Having walked
解析：选B。句意为：在三月的一个下午，行走在田间，他可以感受到春天的温暖。walk和he之间存在主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表示伴随状况。
10．________their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A．To throw B．Thrown
C．Throwing D．Being thrown
解析：选C。句意为：获胜队的粉丝们把帽子扔向空中，发出胜利的欢呼声。主语the fans与动词throw之间为主动关系，并通过语境可知let out loud shouts与throw同时发生，故须用现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
根据下表内容，以Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people？为题写一篇100～120字的短文。
现状 原因 建议
许多年轻人喜欢奇幻文学，他们阅读奇幻文学时往往忘记吃饭、睡觉。 奇幻文学情节曲折惊险，能够吸引年轻人。 适量阅读一些奇幻文学，但不要沉溺其中，以免不适应现实生活。
奇幻文学生动有趣，富于教育意义，容易感动年轻人。
奇幻文学往往描绘年轻人在实现生活中无法实现的事情，对年轻人理想的实现是一个弥补。
注意：短文必须包含以上要点。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．当前____________________
2．受……的欢迎____________________
3．曲折惊险____________________ and thrilling
4．生动有趣____________________ and interesting
5．弥补____________________
6．沉溺于……之中____________________
答案：1.at present 2.be popular with 3.indirect 4.lively 5.make up for 6.be/become addicted to
【句式结构】
1．读适量的奇幻文学还是很有用的。
It is useful ____________________________.
答案：to read a proper amount of fantasy literature
2．他们阅读奇幻文学时往往忘记吃饭、睡觉。(使用时间状语从句)
________they read some fantasy literature，they often forget to eat and sleep.
答案：When
3．奇幻文学往往描绘年轻人在现实生活中无法实现的事情。(使用定语从句)
Fantasy literature usually describes something ________ young people can’t do in real life.
答案：that
4．不要沉溺其中，否则可能不适应现实生活。(使用or连接的并列句)
Don’t become addicted to it ________ you may not adapt yourself to reality.
答案：or
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people
At present many young people like to read fantasy literature.When they read some fantasy literature，they often forget to eat and sleep.
Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people？Here are some main reasons.First，the plot of fantasy literature is usually indirect and thrilling.So it can attract young people.At the same time，fantasy literature is usually lively，interesting and instructive.As a result，it can easily move young people.Besides，fantasy literature usually describes something that young people can’t do in real life，so it makes up for the realization of young people’s dreams.
It is useful to read a proper amount of fantasy literature，but don’t become addicted to it or you may not adapt yourself to reality.
【类文点津】
1．文章需要对年轻人喜欢奇幻文学的现状及原因进行分析，并提出建议。
2．需注意题目中所给要点的整合，并注意条理清晰，层次分明。
3．注意适当运用高级词汇、复杂句型及合适的过渡词。
4．根据内容，需要用三段文字说明。
词语串串练
J．K.Rowling is a ①stateswoman of British fantasy literature.She is a ②gifted writer and has created some vivid ③heroes and ④heroines in her ⑤novels which ⑥are associated with magic.She is ⑦playing an important part in this field.Though her unique style is a ⑧target for some ⑨criticism，her ⑩series have appealed to readers of all ages.The Harry Potter effect she made is not only
restricted to the English speaking world but also other countries.So far 250 million books have been distributed around the world.Rowling has accumulated more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank， thus attaining the status of being the first writer to become a billionaire.In fact，Rowling’s early life was very hard.She was too poor to possess a typewriter and had to write by hand.She also had the extra
J．K.罗琳是英国幻想文学领域里受尊敬的一位女性。她是一个有天赋的作家，已经在她的小说里创造了一些鲜活的男女主角，这些小说都与魔法有关。她在这一领域里起着重要的作用。尽管她独特的写作风格是一些批评的对象，但她的系列丛书已经吸引了各个年龄的读者。她创造的哈利·波特效应不只局限于说英语的国家，而且还影响到了其他国家。到目前为止已向全世界发行2.5亿册。
罗琳的银行积累存款已超过10亿美元，于是她得到了世界上第一个亿万富翁作家的身份。实际上，罗琳早期的生活很艰难。她太穷买不起打字机，只好用手写，而且她还承担着照看女儿的负担。但她意志顽强，克服了所有的困难。哈利·波特这一想法是她在火车上想出的，当时她动身去伦敦。她瞥见了一个调皮的男孩，当她凝视着他时，她有了一个奇妙的想法，于是哈利·波特就这样诞生了。
哈利·波特是一个被魔法吸引的男孩，梦想着能成为超人，报复杀害他父母的那个邪恶的人。哈利四处寻找老师，希望能用符咒镇住那个坏人。一天晚上，哈利正在想办法如何逃出学校，一只在他前面的斑猫突然回过头来看他。他朝它走去，注视着它，伸出手去碰它。然而，斑猫转过身去，突然消失在灌木丛中。哈利看不见它了。哈利犹豫着警觉地靠近了灌木丛。那里的空气里弥漫着一股奇怪的香气，哈利感到晕眩，摔倒在地上。当他醒来时，他发现自己有了神奇的力量，毫无疑问正是斑猫给他带来了这么好的运气。他最后用自己的力量和魔法惩罚了那个坏人。
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共92张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Introduction，Reading and Vocabulary
& Listening and Vocabulary—Language Study
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
速效提能演练
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 The children have many extraordinary adventures in these different worlds，and play an important part in a war that could destroy the universe.
在这些不同的世界里，孩子们经历了各种离奇的探险经历，并在一场足以毁灭整个宇宙的战争中起到了非常重要的作用。
品味经典
①It’s agreed that Mr.Brown played a leading part in the decision－making process.
人们认为布朗先生在决策过程中起了重要的作用。
②Computers are playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
计算机在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
自我探究
短语 play a(n) (important) part(in)意为：“在……起(重要)作用，扮演……(重要的)角色”，注意冠词的使用。
归纳拓展
③She played the part/role of a teacher in the film.
她在这部电影中扮演了一位老师的角色。
④Parents play an important part/role in their children’s education.
父母在子女的教育上起重要的作用。
⑤If Jim took part in the Talent Show，he’d win it for sure.如果吉姆参加才艺大赛，他肯定会赢。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)除了节食之外，锻炼对于减肥也起着重要作用。
Besides dieting，exercising also ____________________ losing weight.
答案：plays an important part in
单项填空
(2)We should not ignore the part everyone________ winning the match.
A．acted B．acted of
C．played D．played in
解析：选D。句意：我们不应该忽略每一个人在赢得这场比赛中所起的作用。everyone...winning the match在句中作the part的定语从句，关系代词that省略，代替先行词the part在定语从句中作play的宾语。play the part in...是固定搭配，意为“在……中起作用”。act也可代替play。
2 The cat behaves in a strange way.
这只猫举止异常。
品味经典
①She behaved in a very responsible way.
她表现得非常负责任。
②Tom，behave yourself.Did you forget the school rules
汤姆，注意形象。你忘了学校的规定了吗？
自我探究
behave用作不及物动词，意为“行为，举止”；用作及物动词，构成短语behave oneself意为“守规矩；举止得体”。
归纳拓展
③Some children could be noisy and badly behaved.
一些孩子会吵闹而且表现差。
④Their behaviour towards me shows that they do not like me.
他们对我的举止表明他们不喜欢我。
牛刀小试
(2011年大连高二检测)If parents don’t teach their child how to ________himself，he will do anything at will.
A．behave B．believe
C．help D．enjoy
解析：选A。behave oneself守规矩，符合句意。believe oneself相信自己；help oneself自便；enjoy oneself玩得高兴。
3 Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand，and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles，just as Moxie did.
威尔放下购物袋，伸出手，那只猫便跑到他身边，在他的手指间来回蹭起了脑袋，就像莫克西常常做的那样。
(1)put down
品味经典
①Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!
把那刀子放下，以免伤人！
②The bus stopped to put down some passengers.
公共汽车停下来让一些旅客下车。
③After he finished his exercise，he put down his pen.
他做完练习，就放下笔。
④In 24 hours the general had put down the rebellion.
在24小时内，这位将军就已把叛乱完全镇压下去了。
自我探究
put down为及物动词短语，意为“放下；记下；镇压”。代词作宾语时，放在两词之间。
归纳拓展
⑤She put the newspaper aside and picked up a book.
她把报纸放下，拿起了一本书。
⑥Put away the tools after work，will you
工作结束后请把工具收拾好，好吗？
⑦Don’t put off till tomorrow what can be done today.
今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做(今日事，今日毕)。
牛刀小试
(1)As most of their houses were badly damaged after the earthquake，many people had to be ________ in a stadium.
A．put away B．put up
C．put out D．put off
解析：选B。句意为：因为震后他们的多数房子严重损坏，所以许多人不得不留宿在体育馆。put up 在此表示“提供……住宿”；put away“收拾”；put out“熄灭”；put off“推迟”。
(2)hold out
品味经典
①“I’m Nancy Drew，”she said，holding out her hand.
“我叫南希·朱尔”她说着，同时伸出手。
②We lack water but could hold out for another day.
我们虽然缺水，但还可以再坚持一天。
③Will the car hold out till we reach London
这车能支持到我们抵达伦敦吗？
自我探究
hold out是“动＋副”结构的短语动词，用作及物动词意为“伸出”；用作不及物动词意为“维持”。
归纳拓展
hold up举起；阻挡；停顿
hold... back阻止
hold on抓住不放；(～to)坚持；等一等(别挂断电话)
catch/get/take hold of抓住
④Then she leapt back，with her tail held up.
然后它跳回来，尾巴翘着。
⑤If we think something is right，we should hold on to it.
如果我们认为某事是对的，我们应该坚持。
⑥I got held up in the traffic on my way here.
我在来的路上遇上了交通阻塞。
⑦They managed to hold on until help arrived.
他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。
⑧She struggled to hold back her tears.
她尽力不哭。
牛刀小试
(2)The town was surrounded by the enemy，but the people in town________until help came a month later.
A．took off B．gave in
C．got up D．held out
解析：选D。考查短语动词的辨析。hold out坚持。句意为：城镇被敌人包围，但是城里的人一直坚持到一个月后救援到达。
4 someone who shows you which direction to go in
一个给你指引方向的人
品味经典
①Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.
汤姆朝一个方向走，哈里则朝另一个方向走。
②The girls pointed in the opposite direction.
女孩们指向相反的方向。
③I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.我向他作了详细说明，好让他能找到那房子。
④He did the work under my direction.
他在我的指导下做这件事。
自我探究
direction用作名词，意为“方向；说明，指导”。在表示“用法说明”的意思时，常用作复数形式。作“指导”讲时，为不可数名词。在表示“朝某个方向”的意思时，使用介词in表示。
归纳拓展
⑤The policeman directed the crowd to move back for safety.为了安全，那个警察指挥人群往后退。
⑥I went home directly I had finished my work.
我一干完活就回家了。
牛刀小试
—No，Sandy.Don’t turn right.This way，please.
—Well.I often have no sense of ________when I get to a new place.
A．direction B．condition
C．position D．situation
解析：选A。考查名词辨析。have no sense of direction表示“没有方向感”的意思。
5 But Will knew without the slightest doubt that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world.
但是威尔深信不疑，另一边的那块草地在一个不同的世界里。
品味经典
①He is without doubt the cleverest student I’ve ever taught.
他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。
②I have no doubt that he will succeed.
我相信他会成功的。
③Based on the DNA and fingerprint test，there’s no doubt that the terrorist killed in a raid last Thursday is Noordin.
根据DNA和指纹检查，在上周四一次突击搜捕中被杀的那个恐怖分子确实是诺丁。
④I don’t doubt that he’ll come.
我确信他会来。
⑤I doubt whether he’ll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
自我探究
(1)doubt既可用作名词，也可用作动词，意为“怀疑”。
(2)当doubt与表示否定的词如：no，not，beyond，without等搭配或在疑问句中时，后接从句由that来引导。
(3)doubt用在肯定句中，后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句。
beyond /out of doubt毫无疑问
no doubt无疑地
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
in doubt怀疑地
牛刀小试
There is a little doubt ________ he will keep his word.
A．that B．what
C．if D．whether
解析：选D。句意：他是否会遵守诺言还不肯定。doubt在句中是名词，后接同位语从句，主句中是肯定则用whether引导，注意：if不能引导同位语从句；若是否定则用that引导。
6 What he saw made his head swim and his heart thump harder，but he didn’t hesitate...
他看到的一切使他头晕目眩，心跳加速，但是他却丝毫没有迟疑……
品味经典
①He hesitated before he replied.
回答前，他犹豫了一下。
②I don’t hesitate about taking the job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
③Please don’t hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.
如果有疑问请尽管和我联系。
④She hesitated to hurt the child’s feelings.
她不想伤害孩子的感情。
⑤She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses.
这两件衣服究竟选哪一件，她犹豫不决。
⑥He hesitated whether he should make a last attempt to save the man.
该不该做最后一次努力来救这个人，他犹豫不决。
自我探究
hesitate既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“犹豫；不情愿”。后可接不定式。介词或从句。
hesitate to_do sth.迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/over...对……犹豫不决
归纳拓展
⑦After a long hesitation，he told the truth at last.
踌躇了半天，他终于直说了。
⑧He agreed without hesitation.
他立刻就同意了。
牛刀小试
We are at your service.Don’t ________to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A．beg B．hesitate
C．desire D．seek
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。beg乞求；hesitate犹豫；desire渴望；seek寻求。hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事。句意为：我们(随时)为你服务。如果你有任何问题，请不要犹豫找我们帮忙。
7 He bent to look through and saw the road in Oxford，his own world.
他俯身向空洞的那一边望去，他看到了自己的世界——牛津的街道。
品味经典
①I looked through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important.
我翻阅今天的报纸，但没有发现重要消息。
②I must look through these bills and check them before I pay them.
我必须在付款前查看并核对一下这些账单。
自我探究
look through在本课中为不及物动词短语，意为“往那边看；看穿”。用作及物动词时，意为“浏览；认真审查”。
归纳拓展
③We looked back on the first night we had arrived.
我们会想起到达后的第一夜。
④Many people look down upon poor people.
很多人看不起穷人。
⑤I’m looking forward to visiting the art gallery next week.
我盼望着下周去艺术馆参观。
⑥Doctors are looking into the case for new treatment.
医生正在研究这个病例以发现新的治疗方法。
⑦She has always looked up to her father.
她一向崇敬父亲。
牛刀小试
Would you please________the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
A．look around B．look into
C．look up D．look through
解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。从题意判断选D，表示“审核，仔细查看”。句意为：你能不能帮我看看这份试卷，看有没有明显的错误？A项“环顾，到处看”，B项“调查，浏览”，C项“查找，向上看”。
8 He turned away with a shudder：whatever this new world was，it had to be better than what he’d just left.
他颤抖地转过脸去：无论这个新世界如何，总会好过他刚刚离开的那个世界。
品味经典
①He didn’t need any help so his friends turned away.
他不需要帮助，因此他的朋友都离开了。
②When he saw me，he turned away and pretended not to see me.
当他看到我，就转过身假装没有看到我。
③Please don’t turn your head away while I am talking to you.
我和你谈话时，请不要把脸转过去。
④Of course，Philippa would not turn away from her beloved work.
当然，菲莉芭不愿意离开她所热爱的工作。
⑤The theater is turning people away；the seats are all sold.
电影院谢绝群众入场，座位都卖完了。
自我探究
turn away既可作及物动词表示“把……转过去；拒绝”，也可作不及物动词，表示“走开”，表示具体地点时，后再加介词from。
归纳拓展
⑥I turned around and walked out without saying a word.我一言未发，转身就走了。
⑦Could you please turn down your TV a bit
你可以把电视音量关小一点吗？
⑧Turn off the lights when you are not in a room.
你不在房间时把灯都关掉。
⑨Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.有困难请向警察求助。
⑩Once he turned up thirty minutes late for a meeting!
曾经有一次他到达会议室时已经迟到了30分钟！
牛刀小试
Crowds of people were turned ________for lack of room.
A．out B．to
C．on D．away
解析：选D。本题考查短语动词的辨析。根据句子的意思：因没有地方，许多人都被拒绝进入。turn away的意思为“拒绝让人进入某地”。
9 In the first book，Lyra’s scientist father makes it possible to enter other worlds.
在第一本书中，利拉的科学家父亲使进入其他的世界成为可能。
品味经典
①I found it difficult to explain to him what happened.
我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。
句型巧析
②He thought it no use going over the subject again.
他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。
③We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。
④They have made it a rule to have sports after school.
他们已经习惯放学后进行运动了。
自我探究
本句型为：谓语动词(一般为make，feel，think，find，consider)＋it＋宾语补足语＋实际宾语。此句型中的it为形式宾语，宾补可以为形容词，也可以是名词，实际宾语可以是不定式或从句。如果谓语动词为feel，think，find和consider时，可以把这一句型结构改为that引导的使用形式主语it的宾语从句，但谓语动词的时态要和主句的谓语动词一致。
牛刀小试
The fact that she was foreign made________difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A．so B．much
C．that D．it
解析：选D。句意为：她是外国人这一事实使她在那个国家中很难找到一份工作。句中it作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语——不定式短语to get a job in that country。difficult为宾语补足语，so，much和that均不能作形式宾语，故只有D项正确。
10 Will was stupefied with exhaustion，and he might have gone on to the north，or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept；but as he stood trying to clear his head，he saw a cat.
威尔累得脑子都麻木了，他本可以继续向北走，也有可能在某棵树下枕着草地昏昏睡去；然而，正当他努力保持头脑清醒时，他看见了一只猫。
品味经典
①You should not have swum in that river.You might have been eaten by sharks.
你本不该在那河里游泳，你有可能被鲨鱼吃掉。
②Given the chance，I might have been an outstanding painter.
如果有机会，我也许已经是一位杰出的画家了。
自我探究
might have gone以及might have laid是“情态动词＋have done”结构，表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测，意思为“本有可能做某事”，但实际上却没有做。
归纳拓展
“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法
(1)may/might have done“可能已经……”，表示对过去事情的推测，语气比must弱，用于陈述句。
(2)must have done“肯定已经……”，表示对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测，只用于肯定句。没有mustn’t have done的形式。
(3)can’t/couldn’t have done“不可能已经……”，用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去事情的推测，是must肯定推测的否定形式。
(4)could have done“本可能，本能够”，表示对过去本可以做成，却没有做的事的一种后悔。用于陈述句，表示一种虚拟语气。
(5)should have done“本应该做却没做”；
shouldn’t have done“本不该做而做了”。
(6)need have done“本需要做却没做”；
needn’t have done“本不需要做却做了”。
牛刀小试
(1)(2011年高考江苏卷)—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone ________ it.
A．will have stolen B．might have stolen
C．should have stolen D．must have stolen
解析：选B。本题考查句型：情态动词＋have＋done，根据句意先排除A项；C项本来应该做，而没有做；D项一定有人偷了，据上文不太可能，只有B项不肯定的推测。故选B项。
(2)—You shouldn’t have talked back to our teacher like that.It was awfully impolite.
—You are right.I________crazy at that moment.
A．must have been B．must be
C．could have been D．should have been
解析：选A。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，must be表示对现在情况的推测。could have done表“本来能做但没做”和should have done“本应该做但没做”，不合句意。
11 Then she leapt backwards，back arched and fur on end，tail held out stiffly.
然后她向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。
品味经典
①The work done(＝After the work had been done)，we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
②Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
③An important lecture to be given tomorrow(＝As an important lecture will be given tomorrow)，the professor has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
④A hunter came in，his face red with cold(＝and his face was red with cold)．
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
⑤Nobody in，he left a message on the blackboard.
因为没人在，他就在黑板上留了个便条。
⑥Many people joined in the work，some of them women and children.
许多人参与了这项工作，其中有些妇女和儿童。
⑦The hunter entered the forest，gun in hand.
＝The hunter entered the forest，with a gun in his hand.
猎人手里拿着枪，进了森林。
⑧With night falling，we hurried home.
＝Night falling，we hurried home.
夜幕降临，我们匆匆回家。
自我探究
该句子中back arched and fur on end ，tail held out stiffly是独立主格结构，即名词或代词后跟形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等作伴随状语。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．were finished
解析：选B。考查独立主格结构。句意：孩子们完成了一天的功课从语法学校回家了。因为their lessons前有逗号，没有连词，所以逗号后面的部分是名词的独立主格结构；又因为lessons与finish之间是被动关系，故用过去分词finished。
The Cat That Vanished
Will was stupefied with exhaustion，and he might have gone on to the north，or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept；but as he stood trying to clear his head，he saw a cat.
译文助读
She was a tabby，like Moxie.She padded out of a garden on the Oxford side of the road，where Will was standing.Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand，and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles，just as Moxie did.Of course，every cat behaved like that，but all the same Will felt such a longing to turn for home that tears scalded his eyes.
Eventually this cat turned away.This was night，and there was a territory to patrol，there were mice to hunt.She padded across the road and towards the bushes just beyond the hornbeam trees，and there she stopped.
Will，still watching，saw the cat behave curiously.
She reached out a paw to pat something in the air in front of her，something quite invisible to Will.Then she leapt backwards，back arched and fur on end，tail held out stiffly.Will knew cat behaviour.He watched more alertly as the cat approached the spot again，just an empty patch of grass between the hornbeams and the bushes of a garden hedge，and patted the air once more.
Again she leapt back，but less far and with less alarm this time.After another few seconds of sniffing，touching，whisker twitching，curiosity overcame wariness.
The cat stepped forward，and vanished.
Will blinked.Then he stood still，close to the trunk of the nearest tree，as a truck came round the circle and swept its lights over him.When it had gone past he crossed the road，keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating.It wasn’t easy，because there was nothing to fix on，but when he came to the place and cast about to look closely，he saw it.
At least，he saw it from some angles.It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air，about two metres from the edge of the road，a patch roughly square in shape and less than a metre across.If you were level with the patch so that it was edge on，it was nearly invisible，and it was completely invisible from behind.You could only see it from the side nearest the road，and you couldn’t see it easily even from there，because all you could see through it was exactly the same kind of thing that lay in front of it on this side：a patch of grass lit by a street light.
But Will knew without the slightest doubt that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world.
He couldn’t possibly have said why.He knew it at once，as strongly as he knew that fire burned and kindness was good.He was looking at something profoundly alien.
And for that reason alone，it enticed him to stoop and look further.What he saw made his head swim and his heart thump harder，but he didn’t hesitate：he pushed his shopping bag through，and then scrambled through himself，through the hole in the fabric of this world and into another.
He found himself standing under a row of trees.But not hornbeam trees：these were tall palms，and they were growing，like the trees in Oxford，in a line along the grass.But this was the centre of a broad boulevard，and at the side of the boulevard was a line of cafés and small shops，all brightly lit，all open，and all utterly silent and empty beneath a sky thick with stars.The hot night was laden with the scent of flowers and with the salt smell of the sea.
Will looked around carefully.Behind him the full moon shone down over a distant prospect of great green hills，and on the slopes at the foot of the hills there were houses with rich gardens and an open parkland with groves of trees and the white gleam of a classical temple.
Just beside him was that bare patch in the air，as hard to see from this side as from the other，but definitely there.He bent to look through and saw the road in Oxford，his own world.He turned away with a shudder：whatever this new world was，it had to be better than what he’d just left.With a dawning light headedness，the feeling that he was dreaming but awake at the same time，he stood up and looked around for the cat，his guide.
消失的猫
威尔疲惫(exhaustion)累得脑子都木(stupefied神志不清的，昏昏沉沉的)了，他本可以继续向北走，也可能在某棵树下头枕草地昏昏睡去；但是，正当他站在那儿，试图让头脑清醒些的时候，他看见了一只猫。
那是一只母斑猫(tabby)，就像威尔家的莫克西一样。它轻轻地走出靠着牛津一侧街道上的一个花园，威尔正站在街边。他放下(put down)购物袋，伸出(hold out)手，那只猫便跑到他身边，在他的手指间来回蹭起了脑袋，就像莫克西常常做的那样。当然，所有的猫都是那样表现(behave)的，尽管如此，威尔还是渴望(longing)回家以至于热泪充满了他的双眼(scald热泪盈眶)。
终于，那只猫转身跑开(turn away)了。正值夜晚，它还要巡视(patrol)自己的领地，捕捉老鼠。它轻轻地穿过马路，朝着角树(hornbeam)林另一边的灌木丛走去，然后在那儿停了下来。
威尔继续盯着它，这时，他发现猫的举动变得非常奇怪。
它伸出爪子(paw)去拍打(pat)它面前空气中的某种东西，某种威尔看不见的东西。然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起(arch)，毛发竖立，尾巴(tail)僵直地(stiffly)伸着。威尔了解猫的习性。他更加警觉地(alertly)看着，只见那只猫再次靠近那个地方——角树与花园树篱(hedge)的灌木丛之间的一块(patch)空草地，又拍打了一下那里的空气。
它再次向后一跃，但这次跳得没有那么远，也没有那么害怕(alarm)了。又是几秒钟的嗅(sniff)来嗅去、爪子触碰、胡须(whisker)抽动(twitch)，终于好奇心战胜了警惕性(wariness谨慎)。
那只猫向前一迈，然后就消失了。
威尔眨了眨眼睛(blink)。然后他静静地站着，紧靠离他最近的一棵树干，这时一辆卡车转弯驶过来，车灯照到(sweep over向……拓展)他的身上。卡车开过去后，他穿过马路，眼睛盯着那只猫一直在打量的地方。这并不容易，因为他无法把目光集中(fix on)在某件东西上，但是当他靠近那个地方，设法(cast about)仔细观察时，他看出了端倪。
终于，他从某些角度看到了。那儿看上去就像有人在距离路边(edge)大约两米的地方将空间切开了一块，它大体(roughly)呈方(square)形(shape)，不到一米宽。如果你与那块空间处在同等高度(level)，从侧面看你几乎看不到(invisible)它，从后面则完全看不见它。只能从最靠近马路的一边看到它，但也很难看清楚，因为透过它，你所看到的一切与这一边完全相同：一片被街灯照亮的草地。
但是威尔深信不疑(doubt)，另一边的那块草地在一个不同的世界里。
他不可能说得出所以然来。他只是马上就知道了，就好像他知道火会燃烧、善意是美好的一样。他所注视着的是某种极为陌生的东西。
仅仅是这一个理由，就足以吸引(entice)他俯下身子(stoop)向更深处望去。他看到的一切使他头晕目眩(swim)，心跳(thump)加速，但是他却毫不迟疑(hesitate)：他把购物袋塞了过去，继而自己也钻(scramble爬)了过去——穿过现实世界框架(fabric)上的这个洞，进入另一个世界。
他发现自己站在一排树下。那是一些高大的棕榈树(palm)，而不是角树，像在牛津一样，那些树木沿着草地排列成行。只是，他所处的是一条宽阔的林阴大道(boulevard)的中央，路的一侧是成行的咖啡馆和小商店，灯火通明，还在营业，在布满繁星的夜空下，所有的店铺都十分(utterly)安静，无人光顾。在这个炎热的晚上，空气中弥漫着(be laden with)鲜花的芳香和海水咸咸的味道。
威尔仔细地环顾四周。在他身后，满月映照着远处壮丽的青山的轮廓(prospect视野，景象)，山脚下的斜坡(slope)上坐落着带有美丽花园的房子，还有一块树木丛生(grove树丛)的公共绿地(parkland)，一座古典风格的庙宇闪着微微的白光(gleam亮光)。
空气中的那个空(bare光秃秃的)洞就在他身边，无论是从这边还是那边都很难看见，但却确定无疑地存在着。俯身(bend)向空洞的那一边望去，他看到了自己的世界——牛津的街道。他不禁一颤，转过身来：无论这个新世界如何，总会好过他刚刚离开的那个世界。带着逐渐出现的(dawning)眩晕(light headedness)感觉，那种处在半梦(dream)半醒(awake)之间的感觉，他站起身来环顾四周寻找(look around for)他的向导——那只猫。
速效提能演练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
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谢谢使用(共22张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Warming Up
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and discussion
1．Have you ever read a Harry Potter novel or seen one of the films Do you enjoy it Say why/why not.
________________________________________________________________________
2. Have you ever read any other fantasy novels？What is it about
________________________________________________________________________
3. Are you interested in fantasy literature Say why/why not.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Have you read a fantasy novel called His Dark Materials？If you have，tell us as much as you know about it.If you haven’t，read the passage on page 15 of your textbook.
________________________________________________________________________
Step Two：Fast reading
1．Will was so tired that he could not think clearly but as he stood trying to decide what to do，he saw a cat ，which came out of a garden and came up to him.But then she turned away and went across the road，towards the bushes just past the trees，and there she stopped.Will just watched.But what happened later？To know more about the cat，read the text and then do the following tasks.
(1)Try to number the sentences in the correct order.
□Will decides not to return to his world.
□The cat vanishes.
□The cat comes up to Will.
□Will climbs through a hole.
□The cat behaves in a strange way.
答案：5,3,1,4,2
(2)What does the passage talk about
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The passage is about Will and a cat.The cat is a strange creature，who acts as Will’s guide.She goes to another world through the patch in the air.And Will follows her without hesitation.
2．Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
(1)Why did the cat leap back with her back arched and fur on end
A．Because she sensed danger ahead of her.
B．Because she was going to attack.
C．Because she didn’t know what to do.
D．Because she was so hungry.
(2)Why did Will blink
A．He couldn’t see things clearly.
B．He was interested in the cat.
C．He was astonished by what he saw.
D．His eyes were affected by the dust from the road.
(3)“He knew it at once，as strongly as he knew that fire burned and kindness was good.”means that ________.
A．Will believed in the power of kindness
B．Will was aware of the danger of fire
C．Will believed the patch of grass on the other side must be in a different world
D．Will was sure of the reasons
(4)From the last three paragraphs，we knew that ________.
A．Will was fascinated by the new world
B．Will was afraid of the new world
C．Will was worried about the safety of the cat
D．Will had a habit of dream walking
(5)Why did the author choose“The Cat That Vanished”as the title of this passage
A．The cat was Will’s loved pet cat.
B．It was the cat that led Will to another world.
C．The cat belonged to another world.
D．The cat is said to have super powers.
答案：(1)A (2)C (3)C (4)A (5)B
Step Three：Careful reading
1．Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
(1)What made Will think the cat to be curious
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The cat’s paw putting something invisible in the air.
(2)What kind of boy does the writer describe Will as
________________________________________________________________________
答案：A curious boy.
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Will was (1)________with (2)________ when he saw a cat.
What the cat
(3)__________deeply attracted Will. Will put down his shopping bag and
(4)__________his hand，and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles，just as Moxie did.
The cat (5)________towards the bushes and eventually stopped there.
The cat behaved curiously in the spot，an empty patch of grass between the hornbeams and the bushes of a garden hedge.
What Will saw made himself found out his own world. Will came to the place where the cat had been investigating and (6)________to look closely，he saw it.
Will saw something like a patch out of the air and he knew without the slightest (7)__________that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world.
Will (8)__________through himself，through the hole in the fabric of this world and into another，his own world.
With the feeling that he was dreaming but (9)________at the same time，he stood up and (10)______________the cat，his guide.
答案：(1)stupefied (2)exhaustion (3)behaved (4)held out
(5)turned away (6)cast about (7)doubt (8)scrambled (9)awake (10)looked around for
Step Four：Summary
Will was standing alone in the quiet street at night stupefied with 1.________ when he saw a cat.Putting down his shopping bag，Will 2.________his hand；the cat came up to 3.________her head against his knuckles，but then turned away and 4.________across the road and towards the bushes，in front of which she stopped.There，Will saw her 5.________curiously；
she 6.________a paw to pat something in the air but leapt back with her back arched and fur 7.________.In a while she 8.________the place again to pat the air once more，and leapt back again.Finally she stepped forward and 9.________.
Will went across the road to find out it was a patch in the air that the cat disappeared into.Wondering what it was on the other side of the 10.________，he 11.________through the hole，there he found amazing scenery which fascinated Will so much that he decided not to go back to his own world and began to 12.________the cat.
答案：1.exhaustion 2.held out 3.rub 4.padded
5．behave 6.reached out 7.on end 8.approached
9．vanished 10.patch 11.scrambled 12.look around for
Step Five：Discussion
If you had been in such a situation，would you have done the same as Will？Why
________________________________________________________________________
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
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谢谢使用(共10张PPT)
Module 2 Fantasy Literature
教材背景链接
名言佳句
That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.
—L.W.Akott
好书使人开卷有所求，闭卷有所获。
——奥尔科特
Literature is a kind of intellectual light which like the light of the sun，may sometimes enable us to see what we do not like.
—Samuse Johnson
文学是一种理智之光，它和阳光一样，有时能使我们看到我们不喜欢的东西。
——约翰逊
Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and disgested.
—F.Bacon
一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽；而有些书则需要细嚼慢咽，好好消化。
——F.培根
类文欣赏
Philip Pullman
Philip Pullman was born in Norwich in 1946，and traveled all over the world during his childhood，settling in North Wales at the age of 11.He studied at Oxford University，graduating in 1968 and becoming a teacher.He then taught in middle schools，writing plays during this period on which some of his later novels were based，later becoming a part time senior lecturer in English at Westminster College，Oxford，with a special talent in oral storytelling.
The first novel he wrote was for adults，but many of his works are for children.His books include four novels in the“Sally Lockhart”series，three play adaptations(改编)，including Frankenstein(1990)and Sherlock Holmes and the Limehouse Horror(1992)，and a book，How to Be Cool(1987)，adapted and broadcast by Granada Television in 1988.Clockwork(1996)was short listed(把……列入决选名单) for the Whitbread Children’s Book Award and for a Carnegie medal in 1997.
More recently，Philip Pullman has become well known for the“His Dark Materials”series，fantasy novels telling the story of Lyra Belacque，a young girl whose destiny(命运)is to “change destiny”：Northern Lights(1995)，winner of a Carnegie Medal，the Guardian Children’s Fiction Prize and a British Book Award，and short listed in 2007 for the Carnegie of Carnegies；The Subtle Knife(1997)；The Amber Spyglass(2000)，which was the first children’s book to win the Whitbread Book of the Year；and Lyra’s Oxford(2003)．
The books in the ‘Dark Materials’ series have been adapted for the stage by Nicholas Wright and an opera based on Clockwork toured theatres in 2004 with musicians from the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.A stage adaptation of The Firework Maker’s Daughter (1995)opened in 2004.A film adaptation of Northern Lights—The Golden Compass—was launched at Cannes Film Festival 2007，and opened in the UK in December 2007.
Philip Pullman lives in Oxford.In 2005，he was joint(共同的；联合的) winner of the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award(Sweden)．He believes that“stories are the most important thing in the world.Without stories，we wouldn’t be human beings at all.”
In 2007，his book，Northern Lights，won the Carnegie of Carnegies Award.His book，Once Upon a Time in the North—a prequel(前传)to the“His Dark Materials”series，was published in 2008.
Read the passage above，and then answer the questions.
1．How many stories are the “His Dark Materials”series contain？What are they
2．What kind of stories does Philip Pullman mainly write
3．What other writers of fantasy literature do you know？Please list some.
4．Would you like to read a fantasy novel？Say why/why not.
Keys：1.Three.They are Northern Lights，The Subtle Knife and The Amber Spyglass.
2.Fantasy stories.
3.J.K.Rowling，C.S.Lewis，J.R.R.Tolkien and so on.
4.The answers may vary from person to person.Some of the adjectives may be used when answering the question，such as interested，exciting，imaginative，boring，unreal，thrilling...(共88张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Vocabulary and Reading，Reading Practice
& Cultural Corner
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
速效提能演练
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 The king takes the woman to his palace and marries her...
国王把这个女人带回了宫殿，并与她结了婚……
品味经典
①Obama spent four years of his childhood in Jakarta after his divorced mother married an Indonesian.
奥巴马离异的妈妈嫁给了一个印尼人后，童年的奥巴马在雅加达生活了四年。
②She didn’t marry until she was over fifty.
她直到五十多岁才结婚。
③People in higher social classes are more likely to marry late.
上层社会的人可能结婚晚。
④He got married to wife Beryl when he was 19.
他19岁时就和妻子贝利尔结婚了。
⑤He has been married to his wife for 20 years.
他和妻子结婚已二十年了。
⑥She was determined to marry all of her daughters to rich men.
她决心将所有的女儿嫁给有钱人。
自我探究
marry为终止性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。用作及物动词时，marry sb.意为“和某人结婚”，不要受汉语影响而误加介词；marry sb.to sb.意为“把某人嫁给……”。
get married to sb.强调结婚的动作，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
be married to sb.表示已婚的状态，可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
牛刀小试
—Tom________Mary two years ago.
—You mean they have ________ for two years.
A．got married to；been married
B．got married with；been married to
C．was married to；got married
D．was married with；been married
解析：选A。句意：——汤姆和玛丽两年前结的婚。——你的意思是他们已经结婚两年了。与two years ago连用，要用表示动作的get married的一般过去时，而与一段时间状语for two years连用，要用表示状态的be married to，后面若没有宾语，就去掉to。
2 to do something in order to hurt or punish someone because they have hurt you or someone else
伤害或惩罚某人做某事，因为他们曾经伤害过你或者他人
品味经典
①It’s unfair to punish a whole class for the actions of one or two students.
因为一两个同学的行为来惩罚整个班级是不公平的。
②The teacher punished the noisy children by making them stay after school.
老师用放学后留下来的方法惩罚那些吵闹的孩子。
自我探究
punish为及物动词，意为“惩罚”。
punish sb.for (doing) sth.因……惩罚某人
punish sb.by doing sth.通过……惩罚某人
punishment n．惩罚
③I was sent to bed as a punishment.
作为惩罚，我被打发去睡觉。
④The gunman will not escape punishment.
那个持枪者不会逃脱惩罚。
牛刀小试
He punished the children ______ their carelessness ______ making them pay for the damage.
A．by；for B．with；by
C．for；by D．about；with
解析：选C。句意“他让孩子赔偿损失，惩罚他们的粗心大意。”根据punish sb.for sth.by doing sth.得出答案。
3 Rowling’s style has been a target for some criticism，but what makes the books so important is that，because they appeal to readers of all ages，they create a special literary bond between parents and children.
罗琳的写作风格成了一些批评的对象，但是这些作品之所以重要是因为它们吸引了各个年龄段的读者，并且在父母与孩子之间建立了一个特殊的文学纽带。
品味经典
①The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
②Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you
你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作？
③We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.
我们将求助于多种资料来源。
④She appealed to the high court against her sentence.
她不服判决而向高等法院上诉。
自我探究
appeal用作动词，常和介词to连用，表示不同的意思。
归纳拓展
⑤ Does jazz hold any appeal for you
你对爵士乐感兴趣吗？
牛刀小试
—How did you like Nick’s performance last night
—To be honest，his singing didn’t ________ to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
解析：选A。appeal to“吸引”；belong to“属于”；refer to“提到；涉及”；occur to“突然想到”。后句意为“实话说，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”
4 She has thus attained the status of being the first writer to become a billionaire.
那时她已是第一位亿万富翁作家。
品味经典
①Finally，he attained his purpose.
最终，他达到了目的。
②He attained the position of manager before marrying.
他结婚之前已达到了经理的职位。
③The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.
那个科学家由于一次新发现而出了名。
④After a year she had attained her ideal weight.
一年后，她达到了理想的体重。
自我探究
attain是及物动词，意为“达到，获得”。
易混辨析
attain，earn，achieve，reach，gain
(1)attain获得；达到。多指经过艰苦的努力达到某种境界、层次。
(2)earn赚到，经过艰苦的努力得到报偿。
(3)achieve经过长期努力，克服重重困难达到某种标准、获得成功等，强调努力、耐力。
(4)reach到达，达到，取得。可指发展到某个阶段，到达目的地或实现目标。
(5)gain赢得，博得。往往指通过辛勤努力取得优势从而获得想要的或有价值的东西。⑤They are not likely to attain this aim.
他们未必能够达到这一目标。
⑥He has earned a lot of money this month.
这个月他已经赚了好多钱了。
⑦Success is not achieved without sweat.
不流汗水就不会有成功。
⑧The two parties reached an agreement.
双方达成了协议。
⑨He has gained rich experience in these years.
这些年来，他获得了丰富的经验。
牛刀小试
I’m determined to ________ my purpose at any cost.
A．attain B．assist
C．admit D．avoid
解析：选A。句意：我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。attain“达到，得到”，符合题意。assist“援助，帮助”；admit“容许；承认；接纳”；avoid“避免；消除”。
5 And then she saw that there was a light ahead of her...
然后，她看见前面有一道光……
品味经典
①They managed to finish the work ahead of time.
他们设法提前完成了工作。
②London is about five hours ahead of New York.
伦敦时间比纽约早五小时左右。
③She was always well ahead of the rest of the class in English.
她的英语在班上总是遥遥领先。
自我探究
ahead of后跟名词或代词，意为“在……之前”。
go ahead做吧；行
④“Can I have the sports section？”“Yeah，go ahead，I’ve read it.”
“我能看看体育版吗？”“哦，看吧，我看完了。”
牛刀小试
(2011年高考天津卷)—Just a moment.I haven’t finished packing my suitcase.
—________.It’s high time we left for the airport.
A．Go ahead B．Take it easy
C．Hurry up D．That’s fine
解析：选C。句意：——等一下，我还没有收拾好我的手提箱。——快点，我们早该去机场了。A项“干吧，用吧”；B项“不用慌”；D项“太好了”，只有C项符合题意。
6 ...she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch a glimpse of the empty room from which she had set out.
……她仍能看见敞开的衣柜门，甚至还能瞥见她来时的那间空房间。
品味经典
①They set out to find the lost child.
他们出发去寻找那个失踪的小孩。
②Let’s set out before dark.
我们天黑前动身吧。
③They succeeded in what they set out to do.
他们打算做的事已经做成功了。
自我探究
set out意为“动身，出发”，在表示“开始或着手做某事”时，后跟动词不定式作宾语。
归纳拓展
④I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.
于是我就着手研究蛇的习性，以便能用最简易的方法来捕蛇。
⑤So set aside some time each day to write，even if it is only five minutes.
那么每天都留出一点时间来写作，哪怕五分钟也行。
⑥I think we ought to set off at 7∶00，while the roads are empty.
我认为我们应该7点出发，趁那时道路畅通无阻。
⑦Then，in 1995，the organization set up an office in Beijing.
于是，1995年这个组织在北京设立了办事处。
牛刀小试
Having decided to rent a flat，we________contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.
A．set about B．set down
C．set out D．set up
解析：选A。句意为：在决定租房后，我们随即着手同城里所有的房屋中介所进行联系。set about (doing)着手……；开始；set out to do sth.着手做某事，故选A。
7 There are also elves，tall beautiful creatures who have magical powers and never die.
还有精灵们，它们是如此的高大美丽，并且有着神奇的魔力使它们永远不会死掉。
品味经典
①Every storm is an example of the power of nature.
暴风雨显示了大自然的威力。
②It is beyond/outside/not within my power to help you.
我没有能力帮助你。
③He lost the power of speech when he was five.
五岁时，他丧失了语言能力。
④The president has been in power for 6 years.
那位总统执政已经六年了。
⑤The party came to power in 2009.
这个政党是2009年开始执政的。
自我探究
power既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，意为“力量；能力；权力”。
a power station发电站
power failure停电
within/ beyond(out of)one’s power力所能及/超出某人能力范围
come into power上台执政
in power 执政，当权
易混辨析
force，energy，strength，power
(1)force主要指自然界的力量、暴力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；(物理学的)力；军事力量
(2)energy主要指人的精力，(物理学的)能。
(3)strength着重指人的力气，体力。
(4)power权力，权势。
⑥In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by force.
最后他不得不被用武力赶出家门。
⑦She was full of energy after her vacation.
休假之后她精力充沛。
⑧For a small woman she has surprising strength.
她个子虽小但力大惊人。
⑨I will do everything in my power to help you.
我愿尽我的力量帮助你。
牛刀小试
(2011年太原高二检测)We often say that knowledge is ________，so we should arm ourselves with it.
A．energy B．force
C．strength D．power
解析：选D。考查名词辨析。energy指人的精力，自然界的能量；force主要指自然界的力量，暴力，势力，以及法律道德或感情的力量，军事力量等；strength常指固有的潜力，指人时意为“力气”，指物时意为“强度”；power指做一件事所依靠的能力，功能，人或机器等潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量，职权，或权力政权。
8 Any creature who possesses one of these rings has great power.
任何物种只要拥有这些戒指中的一枚就会有无穷的力量。
品味经典
①Different workers possess different skills.
不同的工人有不同的技能。
②What possessed you to do such a thing
什么使你干出这种事来？
③Possess yourself in patience until I tell you the good news.
耐住性子，等我把好消息告诉你。
自我探究
possess为及物动词，表示“拥有”意思时相当于have，另外，还有“支配，控制”的意思。
归纳拓展
④Having been cheated by that company，he lost all his possessions.
被那家公司所骗，他失去了所有的财产。
⑤He was caught in possession of stolen goods/with stolen goods in his possession.
他人赃并获。
⑥Joe immediately took possession of the ball and ran...
乔立即接住球奔跑起来……
⑦How did the painting come into your possession
你是怎么拥有这幅画的？
牛刀小试
(2011年厦门高二检测)—Does the young man standing at the gate ________ the car
—No.The car is ________ his father.
A．in possession of；in the possession of
B．have possession of；take possession of
C．have possession of；in the possession of
D．in the possession of；take possession of
解析：选C。句意：“站在大门口的那个年轻人拥有那辆车吗？”“不是，那车是他父亲的。”第一空应填谓语动词故用have possession of；第二空应填介词短语，in the possession of...为……所拥有。
9 It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story...
直到1997年她才完成第一部《哈利·波特》小说……
品味经典
针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
①It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.(强调主语)
②It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.(强调宾语)
③It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.(强调地点状语)
④It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.(强调时间状语)
自我探究
本句为强调句型结构。这个句型用来强调除谓语以外的各种句子成分，被强调部分必须放在it is/was后面，如果强调的部分是人，可以用who/whom来代替that。
强调句式只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)改变位置，所以把强调结构(it is/was...that/who)去掉之后，句子一定是完整的。
归纳拓展
(1)特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋ is/ was ＋ it ＋ that/ who ＋其它部分？
(2)not...until...句型的强调句句型为：It is/ was not until ＋被强调部分 ＋ that ＋其它部分。此句型只用until，不用till。
(3)强调谓语动词，用do(does/did)＋动词原形结构。
⑤When was it that all this happened
所有这一切都是在什么时间发生的呢？
⑥It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到妻子回来他才上床睡觉。
⑦He does know the place well.
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
牛刀小试
It was________he came back from Africa that year ________he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when；then B．not；until
C．not until；that D．only；when
解析：选C。考查强调句型。句意为：他直到那年从非洲回来之后才遇到了他想与之结婚的女孩。此句是“not until...”的强调句型。
The Story of J．K.Rowling and Harry Potter
The elder stateswoman of British fantasy literature is J．K.Rowling，the gifted creator of Harry Potter.Joanne Rowling’s roots are in the southwest of England，where she grew up.But the idea for Harry Potter came to her while she was on a delayed train between Manchester and London.She wrote down her ideas on the back of
译文助读
an envelope.She then went to teach English in Portugal，where she continued to add flesh to the bones of the first Harry Potter story.But her name is forever associated with Edinburgh in Scotland，where she lived and developed the format for the whole series of seven books.
There are many anecdotes about how，in 1990，J.K.Rowling began the first draft of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.She had the extra burden of looking after her baby daughter while she worked，and because she was too poor to own a typewriter，she wrote by hand.She spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in Edinburgh because she had no money to pay for the heating at home.
Success was not swift and Rowling might have given up.But she was stubborn and overcame all the difficulties.It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story，which，because the publishers in the USA requested an adjustment to the title，was also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.
Rowling always intended that her output would be a book every year until she had finished the series.In fact，it took her about ten years to complete.But after the first book，the success of each of the following titles was automatic.The fifth book，The Order of the Phoenix sold about seven million copies the day it was published.
Rowling’s style has been a target for some criticism，but what makes the books so important is that，because they appeal to readers of all ages，they create a special literary bond between parents and children.In an age of computer games and television programmes，it is also claimed they are responsible for a renewed interest in reading.Harry Potter has even become part of the school curriculum，much to the pleasure of the schoolchildren.
And the Harry Potter effect is not just restricted to the English speaking world.Rowling’s books have been translated into more than 55 languages，and it has been estimated that more than 250 million copies have been distributed around the world.In 2005 it was estimated that Rowling had accumulated more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank.She has thus attained the status of being the first writer to become a billionaire.
Introduction
One of the greatest British writers of fantasy literature was C．S.Lewis (1898—1963)，who wrote The Lion，the Witch and the Wardrobe.Lucy discovers the winter land of Narnia where she and her two brothers and sister meet the White Witch.They also meet Aslan，the lion，who is the only one who can defeat the
Witch and restore summer to Narnia.With Aslan，the children learn to be brave and to forgive.They learn great sorrow and happiness，and finally they learn wisdom.Their time in Narnia is the great adventure that every child dreams of.
Extract from The Lion，the Witch and the Wardrobe
And then she saw that there was a light ahead of her；not a few inches away where the back of the wardrobe ought to have been，but a long way off.Something cold and soft was falling on her.A moment later she found that she was standing in the middle of a wood at nighttime with snow under her feet and snowflakes falling through the air.
Lucy felt a little frightened，but she felt very inquisitive and excited as well.She looked back over her shoulder and there，between the dark tree trunks，she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch a glimpse of the empty room from which she had set out.(She had，of course，left the door open，for she knew that it was a very silly thing to shut oneself into a
wardrobe.)It seemed to be still daylight there.“I can always get back if anything goes wrong，”thought Lucy.She began to walk forward，crunch crunch over the snow and through the wood towards the other light.In about ten minutes she reached it and found it was a lamppost.As she stood looking at it，wondering why there was a lamppost in the middle of a wood，and wondering what to do next，she heard the pitter patter of feet coming towards her.And soon after that a very strange person stepped out from among the trees into the light of the lamppost.
He was only a little taller than Lucy herself and carried over his head an umbrella，white with snow.From the waist upwards he was like a man，but his legs were shaped like a goat’s (the hair on them was glossy black) and instead of feet he had goat’s hoofs.He also had a tail，but Lucy did not notice this at first because it was so neatly caught up over the arm that held the umbrella so as to keep it from trailing in the snow.He had a
red woollen muffler round his neck and his skin was rather reddish too.He had a strange，but pleasant little face，with a short pointed beard and curly hair，and out of the hair there stuck two horns，one on each side of his forehead.One of his hands，as I have said，held the umbrella；in the other arm he carried several brown paper parcels.With the parcels and the snow it looked just as if he had been doing his Christmas shopping.He was a Faun.And when he saw Lucy he gave such a start of surprise that he dropped all his parcels.
“Goodness gracious me ！” exclaimed the Faun.
The Lord of the Rings
One of the most famous fantasy stories of the twentieth century is the trilogy The Lord of the Rings by J．R.R.Tolkien.All three parts of the story have been made into very successful films.The story takes place in a world called Middle Earth.Humans are only one of the creatures who exist at this time.There are also elves，tall beautiful creatures who have magical powers and never die.There are hobbits，who are like small humans and live in holes in hills.There are also dwarves，who are similar to small，ugly men and live deep in the mountains.
In The Lord of the Rings，a wicked wizard called Sauron，who has great magical powers，has created nine rings.Any creature who possesses one of these rings has great power.But Sauron has created one ring—the Ring—that can control all of these rings.The person who has this ring controls the whole of Middle Earth.
Fortunately，this ring has been lost for hundreds of years.But then it is discovered by a hobbit.Sauron，realising that the Ring has been found，sends his creatures to get it back.If he finds the Ring，Sauron will rule Middle Earth and it will become a place of darkness and fear.Gandalf，a good wizard，realises that in order to save Middle Earth，the Ring must be destroyed.To do this，someone must take the
Ring into Sauron’s kingdom.There，they must destroy the Ring in the fires that created it.The three books tell the story of the journey to destroy the Ring.In the last book of the trilogy there is a terrible war between Sauron and his creatures，and those who want to save Middle Earth.
Many people believe that The Lord of the Rings is the best twentieth century novel in English.Of course，there are always those who do not enjoy reading fantasy novels.But if you do，then this is one story you should definitely read.
J.K.罗琳和《哈利·波特》的故事
作品《哈利·波特》的天才般的(gifted)创作者——J.K.罗琳，是英国魔幻文学的显赫人物(stateswoman)。乔安妮·罗琳在老家(roots根，根基)——英格兰的西南部——长大。但是关于《哈利·波特》的想法是在从曼彻斯特开往伦敦的延迟的火车上闯入她的脑海的。她把她的想法写在一个信封(envelope)的背面。此后她去了葡萄牙教授英语，在那里，她继续给第一本《哈利·波特》小说的框架添加血肉(flesh)。但是她的名字永远和苏格兰的爱丁堡联系在一起(be associated with)，她生活在那里并把整个系列的7本书的框架构思出来。
关于J.K.罗琳是怎样在1990年开始《哈利·波特与魔法石》的第一份草稿(draft)，这里有许多趣闻(anecdote)。当她写作时，她有另外一个麻烦，那就是她还有照看她才几个月大的女儿的重担(burden)，而且由于她很穷，买不起打字机，只好用手写。在爱丁堡的一间温暖的自助餐厅(cafeteria)里，她要花好长时间才能喝完一杯咖啡(以便在此期间写她的小说)，因为她没钱支付家里的暖气费。
成功并非一帆风顺(swift快的，迅速的)，罗琳曾经可能放弃。但她意志顽强(stubborn)并克服(overcome)了所有困难。直到1997年她才完成第一部《哈利·波特》小说，由于美国的出版商要求调整(adjustment)书名，这本书也被称做《哈利·波特与魔法石》。
罗琳完成她的第一部小说后，打算每年写完一部(output)一直到她完成整个系列。实际上，完成这个目标花费了她10年的时间。继第一部成功之后，随后而来的几本书的成功也就自然而然(automatic)了。第五部《凤凰社》仅在发行的当天就销售出去700万册。
罗琳的写作风格成了一些批评(criticism)的对象(target)，但是这些作品之所以重要是因为它们吸引(appeal to sb.)了各个年龄段的读者，并且在父母和孩子之间建立起了一条特殊的文学纽带。在一个电脑游戏和电视节目盛行的时代里，它们也再度掀起了对阅读的兴趣。《哈利·波特》甚至已经成为学校课程(curriculum)的一部分，这使得学生们特别开心。
《哈利·波特》的影响不仅仅局限于(be restricted to)讲英语的国家。罗琳的小说已被翻译成逾五十五种语言，估计已经向全世界发行(distribute)超过2.5亿册。据推测到2005年，罗琳的银行累积(accumulate)存款(deposit)已超过十亿美元。因此(thus)她已是(attain达到，得到)第一位(status身份，地位)亿万富翁(billionaire)作家。
简介
《狮子、女巫、魔衣橱》的创作者——C.S.刘易斯(1898—1963)是英国最伟大的魔幻文学作家之一。露西发现了冰天雪地的纳尼亚，在那里她和她的两个哥哥、一个姐姐遇见了白女巫。他们也遇见了狮子阿斯兰，唯一能打败女巫并把夏天归还给纳尼亚的人。跟随阿斯兰，孩子们学会了勇敢和宽恕。他们历经大悲(sorrow)大喜，最终学到了智慧。他们在纳尼亚的时光是最大的冒险，那是每个孩子都梦寐以求的。
《狮子、女巫、魔衣橱》节选
那时她看到面前(ahead of)有一道光，离它不远处应该(ought)能看到魔衣橱的后面，但走起来却很远。有种又凉又软的东西散落在她身上。片刻之后，她发现她正站在晚间的树林中间，脚踩着积雪，雪片从空中飘来。
露西感到有点害怕，但同时她也感到好奇(inquisitive)和兴奋。她回头望去(look back over one’s shoulder)，透过黑色的树干，她仍能看到魔衣橱的入口处，甚至还能瞥见(catch a glimpse of)她走出(set out出发，动身)的那个空房子。(当然，她让魔衣橱的门开着，因为她知道把自己关在衣橱里是件很愚蠢的事情。)橱外看起来好像仍是白天。露西想：“如果发生了什么事，我总是可以回来的。”她开始往前走，伴着脚下嘎吱嘎
吱(crunch)的积雪声穿过树林，走向那边的亮光处。大约10分钟后她走到那里，发现它原来是个灯柱。当她停下脚步仰望它的时候，她开始奇怪：为什么在树林中间会有根灯柱，她不知所措，然后，她听到有人正啪哒啪哒(pitter patter)地向她走来。不久之后一个奇怪的人就从树林那边走出来，出现在灯光下面。
他比露西略微高一点，打着伞，伞上覆盖着雪。从腰往上，他看起来像人，但他的腿像羊腿(上面的毛又黑又亮(glossy有光泽的))，脚不是人脚而是羊蹄。他还有尾巴，不过起初露西没有看到，因为举着伞的手臂巧妙地遮住了它的摇摆(trail拖，拽)以至于看不见。他脖子上戴着红色的羊毛围巾(muffler)，他的皮肤也略带红色。他的脸又小
又奇怪但却很好看，胡子短而尖，头发打着卷儿(curly)，两只羊角从卷发里穿出来，长在前额的两侧。他的一只手，正如我刚才说的，举着伞；在另一只手里拿着几个棕黄色的包裹。通过包裹和他身上的雪，他刚才好像去买圣诞礼物了。他是个半人半羊人。但看到露西时，他惊讶得把他的包裹都掉落到地上了。
“我的天哪(gracious)！”他不禁喊道(exclaim惊叫)。
《指环王》
20世纪最著名的魔幻故事之一是托尔金的《指环王》三部曲。这个故事的三个部分都被成功地拍成了电影。故事发生在一个叫做中世纪的世界。人类只是当时存在的生物物种之一。这个世界也存在着精灵(elf)族，他们是拥有魔力且永远不会死掉的高个子的美丽的生灵。有霍比特人，他们像个子矮小的人，居住在山洞中。也有小矮人(dwarf)，他们与小的、丑陋的人相似，居住在深山中。
在《指环王》中，有一个叫做索伦的邪恶巫师，他拥有巨大的魔力，制造了九枚戒指。任何生灵拥有了其中的一枚戒指就会拥有(possess)巨大的魔力。但是索伦制造了一枚戒指——魔戒——可以控制所有的戒指。拥有这枚戒指的人可以控制整个中世纪。
幸运的是，这枚戒指已经丢失了数百年。但是后来它被一个霍比特人发现了。索伦意识到这枚魔戒已经被找到，于是派他的生灵去夺回它。如果他得到了这枚魔戒，索伦将统治整个中世纪，而中世纪也将变成一个充满黑暗和恐惧的地方。一个善良的巫师甘达夫意识到为了拯救整个中世纪必须摧毁魔戒。为了做到这点，某人必须将魔戒带入索伦的王国。在那儿，他们必须在曾经制造这枚魔戒的火焰中毁掉它。这三本书讲述了在毁掉魔戒的征途上发生的故事。在三部曲的最后一本书中，索伦和那些想拯救中世纪的生灵之间展开了一场可怕的战争。
许多人认为《指环王》是20世纪最好的英文小说。当然，也有一些人不喜欢读魔幻小说。但是如果你喜欢，那么它应该是你必读的一个故事。
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