(共44张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
写作专题突破
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．Tom has been working hard since the new term began.
2．My clothes are all wet.I’ve been working in the rain.
自我探究
以上两句均使用了现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时，由“have/has＋been＋动词的?ing形式”构成。它的用法归纳如下：
一、现在完成进行时的用法
1．现在完成进行时表示动作从过去的某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，动作是否延续下去视上下文而定。多使用延续性动词，如：live，learn，lie，sit，wait，study等，常和all this week，all the time，recently等时间状语连用。
For years，he has been demanding better jobs.
多年来，他一直在要求有更好的工作。
讲解归纳
2．现在完成进行时还可用于以下情况：强调事件的持续性；叙述从过去某时到现在总在重复的动作；有感彩。
The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute.
电话铃响了差不多一分钟。
I have been knocking and I don’t think anybody’s in.
我一直在敲门，我想没人在里面。
Oh，you have come at last！I have been waiting for you for two long hours.
啊！你终于来了，我等了你足足两个小时。
二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1．在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在继续进行，而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已经结束。
We have been cleaning the classroom.
我们一直在打扫教室。(还未打扫完)
We have cleaned the classroom.
我们把教室打扫过了。(已经打扫完)
2．现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。
Have you been meeting her lately
你最近跟她见面吗？(有“经常相会”之意)
Have you met her lately
你最近跟她见过面吗？(没有“经常相会”之意)
3．表示暂时性的动作用完成进行时较好，表示长期的接近于状态的动作用完成时较好。
I have been waiting all the morning.
整个早晨我一直在等。(短暂性动作)
I have lived here all my life.
我一辈子都住在这儿。
(长期的接近于状态的动作)
4．有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词，如：have，exist，like，hear，know，sound等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。
John has loved Mary since ten years ago.
约翰自10年前就爱上了玛丽。
5．在否定句中一般用现在完成时而不用现在完成进行时。
I have not spoken English for two years.
我两年没说英语了。
语法专练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The Chinese __________________(make)paper for two thousand years.
答案：have been making
2．He __________________(live)in Beijing since 2007，but he can’t understand Chinese well.
答案：has been living
3．Hello，Mary.I __________________(look)for you all morning.Where have you been
答案：have been looking
4．He ought to stop work；he has a headache because he __________________(read)all day long.
答案：has been reading
5．The CCTV __________________(broadcast)English programmes ever since 1977.
答案：has been broadcastin
6．—I’m really tired out.
—So am I．We ________________(last)the discussion for nearly 2 hours.
答案：have been lasting
7．I __________________(look) for the book all the day.
答案：have been looking
8．I first met John five years ago.He ________________(work) at a book store since then.
答案：has been workin
9．Don’t disturb me.I __________________(write)letters all morning and have written ten so far.
答案：have been writing
10．We __________________(work)on the project for hours.Let’s have a rest.
答案：have been working
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2010年高考江苏卷)—Why，Jack，you look so tired!
—Well，I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A．was painting B．will be painting
C．have painted D．have been painting
解析：选D。根据后句句意：我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在，而且到明天才会完成。所以用现在完成进行时。
2．(2010年高考陕西卷)I have to see the doctor because I ________ a lot lately.
A．have been coughing B．had coughed
C．coughed D．cough
解析： 选A。考查动词时态。由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调其持续性，用现在完成进行时，选A。
3．(2010年高考重庆卷)—Why do you want to work for our company
—This is the job that I ________ for.
A．looked B．am to look
C．had looked D．have been looking
解析：选D。考查时态。由句意“这就是我一直寻找的工作”可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。
4．The company________a rise in salary for ages，but nothing has happened yet.
A．has been promising B．has promised
C．promised D．promises
解析：选A。句意为：这家公司承诺加薪已经很长时间了，但是现在还是一切如故。for ages“很长时间”，一般用于完成时。根据后一句可知，前句的动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，所以用现在完成进行时。
5．—We’ve spent too much money recently.
—Well，it isn’t surprising.Our friends and relatives ________ around all the time.
A．are coming B．had come
C．were coming D．have been coming
解析：选D。句意为：“最近我们花了太多的钱。”
“噢，这一点儿也不奇怪，最近我们的亲戚和朋友一直都来拜访。”have been coming 是现在完成进行时，正符合句意，A、B、C三项时态不符。
6．I’m tired out.I ________ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A．shopped B．have shopped
C．had shopped D．have been shopping
解析：选D。句意为：我筋疲力尽了。我整个下午都在购物，但好像我什么也没买到。根据时间状语可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态，表示“购物”这一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在而没有间断。
7．Mother wanted to be a good provider，a role she ________ since her marriage to Father.
A．shoulders B．shouldered
C．is shouldering D．has been shouldering
解析：选D。句意为：母亲想成为一名优秀的养家糊口之人，这是她自从嫁给父亲之后一直在担当的角色。since 表示“从……一直到现在”，并且这一动作还将持续下去，故此处的时态为现在完成进行时。
8．I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he______on it for more than an hour.
A．has been working B．will have worked
C．will have been working D．had worked
解析：选A。句意为：直到这个学生解题超过一个小时我才会告诉他这个数学题的答案。用现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。因until引导的是时间状语从句，其中不能用将来时态，所以B、C两项不对，D项是过去完成时态，明显不对。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
现在有许多的音乐选秀活动，因此有些学生不顾学业去参加这些活动。假如你是李华，你的网友张林发e?mail给你，说他想休学一段时间去参加一个选秀节目。请回复张林，表明你的看法。词数不少于100词左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。
参考词汇：休学quit school；偶像idol
Dear Zhang Lin，
Glad to receive your e?mail.I’ve heard that you want to quit school to attend the show Searching for Music Talents...
______________________________________________________________________________________Best regards!
Yours，
Li Hua
【要点词汇】
1．放弃__________________
2．迷恋__________________
3．参加竞赛__________________
4．因此__________________
5．集中注意力于……__________________
答案：1.give up 2.be crazy about
3．take part in the contest
4．as a result 5.concentrate on
【句式结构】
1．我认为这不是你放弃学业的一个很好的借口。
①I don’t think ________________________ give up your study.
②I don’t think ________________________ for you ________________________.
答案：①it is a good excuse for you to
②it a good excuse；to give up your study
2．因此许多青少年不再专心学习。
①____________，many teenagers no longer ____________ their studies.
②Therefore，many teenagers no longer ______________________ their studies.
答案：①As a result；concentrate on
②fix their attention to
3．发展业余爱好很重要。
①________________________ is important.
②It is important ________________________.
③It is important ________________________.
答案：①Developing our hobbies
②to develop our hobbies
③for us to develop our hobbies
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Dear Zhang Lin，
Glad to receive you e?mail.I’ve heard that you want to quit school to attend the show Searching for Music Talents.I disagree with you totally.I don’t think it is a good excuse for you to give up your study.
I know that nowadays more and more teenagers are crazy about superstars and want to be a superstar one day.A lot of TV shows are designed for teenagers to take part in lots of music contests.As a result，many teenagers no longer concentrate on their studies.As students，the most important thing we should be doing is studying.Developing our hobbies is also important，but we should develop them in a reasonable way.
In short，it is important that we study to know more.That is why we should pay our attention to our studies.
Best regards!
Yours，
Li Hua
【类文点津】
1．整体思路
这个电子邮件是个回复，所以必须先弄清楚对方具体需要知道什么信息,这才是回复邮件的主题内容。本邮件中你(李华)对选秀的看法便是主题内容。
2．篇章结构
回复性邮件，一定不要忘记基本格式，可以在第一段表明很高兴收到对方发来的e?mail，第二段告诉对方自己对此事的看法，第三段可以用比较随便和简明的句子结尾。描述要点时，需要注意层次清楚和过渡自然。
3．遣词用句
本文应用一般现在时，可适当参考前面列出的相关词汇和句型。电子邮件的语句没必要太复杂，笔友之间随便一些为好。关键点在于如何恰当地使用关联词或过渡性语句把所给要点准确地表达出来。
4．本题为半开放型题目。首先要介绍学生参加选秀节目的情况，然后表明自己的观点。因此文章大体可分为三段。第一段写张林参加选秀的事，第二段写学生不顾学业参加选秀，第三段表明自己的观点。
词语串串练
No music，no life! Music can help us ①relax，②give life to those who are ③depressed and offer ④relief from a day’s hard work.Most people like appreciating music or ⑤dancing to the music.Today we’ll introduce a band and a pipa and guzheng ⑥soloist.
The band is named Twelve Girls Band，founded in June 2001.At first it wasn’t famous，but ⑦all of a sudden it became popular in Japan.Now the band has become one of the most popular groups at home and abroad. The members of Twelve Girls Band come from such famous colleges and universities as China Academy of Music and
Central ⑧Conservatory of Music.⑨Drawing upon over 1,500 years of Chinese music，the band ⑩charms the world.They have been presented with awards many times.Their records have become its fans’ collection.The band honours its music heritage and shows a genuine love for all styles of music.
The soloist is Liu Fang，an international music star. In addition to pipa，she also plays guzheng.She is good at playing folk songs.Meanwhile，she combines Chinese traditional music with western music.Liu Fang had a great gift for music as a child， therefore，her mother sent her to play pipa.She has given concerts since 11.While playing the pipa，the
没有音乐就没有生命。音乐可以帮助我们放松，给那些沮丧的人活力，还可以缓解一天的劳累。大多数人喜欢欣赏音乐或伴着音乐跳舞。今天我们要介绍一个乐队以及一位琵琶和古筝独奏者。
乐队是成立于2001年6月的“女子十二乐坊”。起初它并不出名，后来突然在日本变得大受欢迎。现在这个乐队已经成为国内外最受欢迎的乐队之一。女子十二乐坊乐队的成员来自一些著名的大学，如中国音乐学院以及中央音乐学院等。凭借中国1,500多年的音乐文化，这个乐队吸引了整个世界。她们已多次被授予奖项。她们的唱片也成为粉丝们的收藏品。乐队尊重自己的民族音乐遗产 ，并显示出对各种音乐风格的真正的热爱。
独奏者是刘芳，一位国际音乐明星。除了琵琶外，她也演奏古筝。她擅长演奏中国民歌。同时她将中国传统音乐与西方音乐相结合 。刘芳在很小时就有音乐天赋，因此她的妈妈送她去学琵琶。11岁起她就开始举办音乐会。在弹奏琵琶时，最大的挑战是要尊重传统的同时加上她自己的风格。弹古筝也是这样。中国的传统绘画留出空间给人们思考，古典的中国音乐也是这样。现在，刘芳住在加拿大，在那里她经常与音乐大师来往，与他们一起分享感受和想法。她也自愿为一些乐队提供指导。关于她的志向，她想创作乐曲，把中国的古典音乐传播到世界的每一个角落。
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谢谢使用(共81张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Vocabulary and Reading，Reading Practice& Cultural Corner
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
速效提能演练
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1But street music gives life to everyone who listens and offers relief from the cares of the day.
但是街头音乐赋予每位倾听者以生机，让人们减轻生活的烦恼。
品味经典
①It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.
能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。
②The drug brought him some relief from the pain.
药物缓解了他的一些疼痛。
③I smiled in relief after I heard I had passed the examination.
听说我通过考试了，我轻松地笑了。
④To our relief，the children all arrived home safely.
令我们欣慰的是，孩子们都安全回家了。
自我探究
relief 用作不可数名词，意为“(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻，调剂”；用作可数名词，意为“令人放心的事”。
构成短语：to one’s relief使某人感到庆幸或欣慰的是；in relief 如释重负地。
归纳拓展
⑤The drug relieved my toothache.
那药使我的牙疼减轻了。
⑥This will relieve pressure on the trains to some degree.
这将在一定程度上缓解对火车的压力。
牛刀小试
(2010年高考山东卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A．relief B．safety
C．defense D．shelter
解析： 选A。句意为：那些患头痛的人将会发现服用了这种药头痛可以得到缓解。relief缓解，减轻；safety安全；defense防御；shelter保护，避难所，躲避处。
2It makes me relax...
它使我感到轻松……
品味经典
①Allow your muscles to relax completely.
让你的肌肉完全放松。
②The music will help to relax you.
音乐会使你感到轻松。
自我探究
relax用作不及物动词，意为“放松”；用作及物动词，意为“使放松；使轻松”。
归纳拓展
③If you have a feeling of relief，do you feel relaxed and happy，or tense and sad
如果你有一种解脱的感觉，你是感到放松快乐还是紧张难过？
④I find stamp collecting very relaxing and it takes my mind off my work.
我发现集邮能够令人放松并使我暂时忘却我的工作。
⑤She seemed relaxed about the coming exam.
对于即将到来的考试，她似乎感到很轻松。
⑥I play the piano every afternoon for relaxation.
我每天下午弹钢琴来放松。
牛刀小试
I find singing Karaoke________，for it takes my mind off my work for a while.
A．being relaxed B．to relax
C．relaxed D．relaxing
解析：选D。该题考查介词。句意为：我觉得唱卡拉OK令人放松，因为它让我暂时不去想工作的事情。find singing Karaoke relaxing是find的复合结构，relaxing是宾语补足语，意为“令人放松的，使人懒洋洋的”。
3 Drawing upon more than 1,500 years of Chinese music，Twelve Girls Band mixes this rich tradition with classical，folk and contemporary sounds.
利用中国1500多年的音乐文化，“女子十二乐坊”将这浓厚的传统与古典、民族以及现代声音巧妙地融合在一起。
品味经典
①I think we don’t draw him on，because he has no experience.
我认为我们不能依靠他，因为他没有经验。
②Musicians often draw upon their imagination for composing.
音乐家经常凭他们的想象来作曲。
③Winter is drawing on.
冬天快到了。
自我探究
draw on/upon 在表示“利用，凭借，依赖”时为及物动词；表示“来临”时为不及物动词。
归纳拓展
④The train drew in/into the station.
火车进站了。
⑤Christmas is drawing near.
圣诞节就要到了。
⑥He was drawing up a report all the night.
他整夜都在起草报告。
⑦She drew my attention to an error in the report.
她要我注意报告中的一处错误。
⑧He came close but she drew back.
他一步步逼近，而她却一步步向后退。
牛刀小试
We should draw ________ our advantages to do the work better.
A．up B．upon
C．in D．out
解析：选B。“我们应该利用我们的优势来把这项工作做得更好。”draw upon“利用”的意思。
4The group honours its musical heritage and shows a genuine love for all styles of music...
这个乐队尊重音乐遗产并名副其实地热爱各类音乐……
品味经典
①I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
能够担当这一角色，我感到非常荣幸。
②The two firefighters have been honoured for their courage.
这两位消防队员因他们的勇敢而受到敬重。
自我探究
honour 用作及物动词，意为“尊敬，敬重”，常用于被动be honoured for“因……而受到尊敬”。
归纳拓展
③I think he has won honour for our country.
我认为他为我们国家赢得了荣誉。
④Tom，who won the first prize in the English Speaking Contest，is an honour to our class.
汤姆是我们班的骄傲，他在英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。
⑤It is an honour to have you here.
有你在这儿，我很荣幸。
⑥The stadium was named in honour of the club’s first chairman.
该体育场为纪念该俱乐部的首任主席而命名。
牛刀小试
(1)I feel highly ________ by the kind things you say about me.
A．honoured B．hooked
C．horrified D．hosted
解析：选A。句意：你对我说的话使我感到非常荣幸。honour给……以荣誉；hook钩住，挂住；horrify使……害怕；host主持，故选A。
(2)Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th ________ the birth of Jesus Christ.
A．in charge of B．in terms of
C．in favour of D．in honour of
解析： 选D。句意：圣诞节这个节日是用来纪念十二月二十五日——耶稣的诞生。in charge of负责，管理；in terms of就……而言；in favour of支持，赞同；in honour of纪念。故选D。
5The Grammy Awards are presented every year in the music industry in the United States.
作为音乐界最高奖项之一的格莱美奖每年在美国颁发。
品味经典
①The mayor attended the meeting and presented the prize.
市长出席会议并颁发了奖品。
②They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。
③The manager presented David with the award for best sales in the region.
经理向大卫颁发了本区最佳销售奖。
自我探究
present用作及物动词，意为“赠送，颁发(礼物、奖品等)”。表示“授予/赠送某人某物”用present sb.with sth.或present sth.to sb.。
present v．呈现，表现
present adj.出席的(常作后置定语)；现在的 n．现在；礼物
at present现在；目前
be present at出席；到场
for the present 暂时
make sb.a present of sth.把……作为礼物赠送给某人
归纳拓展
④The exhibition presented a picture of general development in China’s economy.
展览会展示了中国经济一片欣欣向荣的景象。
⑤The girl present at the meeting presented David with a pen as a birthday present.
出席会议的那个女孩赠送给David一只钢笔，作为一份生日礼物。
⑥I’m afraid I can’t help you just at present—I’m too busy.
很抱歉，我现在帮不了你——实在太忙。
⑦He admired my old typewriter so much that I made him a present of it.
他非常喜欢我的旧打字机，所以我就送给他了。
牛刀小试
(2011年抚顺高二检测)One of the most famous monuments，the Statue of Liberty，________ to the USA in the 19th century by the people of France.
A．was presented B．is awarded
C．has shown D．had presented
解析：选A。句意“最著名的纪念碑之一，自由女神像，是法国人民于19世纪赠送给美国的。”present“赠送”；award“奖励”。
6 In addition to the awards themselves，there are also performances by famous artists at the ceremony.
除了颁奖，在庆典上还有许多知名人士表演。
品味经典
①In addition to the names on the list，there are six other applicants.
除了名单上的名字以外，另外还有六个申请者。
②In addition to gene，intelligence also depends on an enough diet，a good education and a decent home environment.
除了遗传基因外，智力的高低还取决于良好的营养、良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。
自我探究
in addition to是介词短语，后跟名词，意为“除……之外还……”。
易混辨析
in addition，in addition to
(1)in addition“另外”，为介词短语，用作状语，对句子补充说明，相当于besides，what’s more。
(2)in addition to是介词短语，后面要跟宾语，表示“除……以外还……”，相当于as well as，besides或apart from。
③They asked me to finish the work this week，and they beat me in addition.
他们让我这个周把工作做完，还打了我一顿。
④In addition to these arrangements，extra embulances will be on duty until midnight.
除了这些安排以外，另增救护车值班至午夜。
牛刀小试
________the rising birth rate and immigration，the declining death rate also resulted in the population growth.
A．In addition to B．In terms of
C．In consequence of D．In spite of
解析：选A。考查介词短语。句意为：除了生育率和移民的增加，死亡率的下降也造成人口增加。 in addition to＝besides；in terms of 就……而言；in consequence of 结果；in spite of 尽管。
7Therefore，the Grammys are not taken seriously by some musicians or music fans.
因此，格莱美奖并不为某些音乐家或音乐迷看重。
品味经典
①Their car was bigger and therefore more comfortable.他们的车更大一些，因此更舒服。
②He was the only candidate；therefore，he was elected.
他是唯一的候选人，因此，他当选了。
自我探究
therefore 是副词，意为“因此，所以”，可位于句首，也可位于句中。
牛刀小试
Progress so far has been very good.________，we are sure that the project will be completed on time.
A．However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Besides
解析：选C。前后句因果关系。句意为：至今情况进展良好。因此我们确定这项工程将按时完成。
8The moment they start to play，it is clear the members of Twelve Girls Band are among the most gifted musicians in the world.
她们一开始演奏就立刻证明了“女子十二乐坊”的成员都是世界上最具有天赋的音乐家。
句型巧析
品味经典
①It is very important to learn a foreign language.
学一门外语非常重要。
②It is no good telling lies.
撒谎没好处。
③It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
你昨天没去看那部电影真遗憾。
④It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。
⑤It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
⑥Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow
他们明天不来很重要吗？
自我探究
it is clear...中it是形式主语，实际主语为后面的主语从句，该从句省略了引导词that。
当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起引导作用，本身无词义。常用句型有：
(1)It ＋ be ＋ 形容词/名词词组＋ to do sth./ doing / that...。
(2)It ＋ be ＋ 过去分词 ＋ that...。
(3)It ＋ seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 ＋ that...。
牛刀小试
(1)________worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A．This B．That
C．What D．It
解析：选D。本题考查it作形式主语的用法。句子的真正主语为“the way he keeps changing his mind”。
(2)It has been proved________eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A．if B．because
C．when D．that
解析：选D。此题考查that引导的主语从句的用法。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是eating vegetables in...life，所以要用that引导这个主语从句，而that不作任何成分，也没有意义，故答案选D项。
9However，some people think that the Grammys are not as important as they used to be.
然而，一些人认为格莱美奖不像过去那样重要了。
品味经典
①China is no longer what she used to be.
中国不再是以前的样子了。
②Our monitor didn’t come，but he should have.
我们班长没有来，但他本该来的。
③I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
我请他去看电影，但他不想去。
自我探究
教材中这句话中的as they used to be为省略句式，承上省略了important。在as...as结构中，通常从句与主句重复的词可以省略。另外，当被省略的不定式结构中含有be或have时，一般要保留be或have。
牛刀小试
(1)I like this jacket better than that one，but it costs almost three times________.
A．as much B．as many
C．so much D．so many
解析：选A。表示“A是B的多少倍”可以用“A＋谓语动词＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋(as＋B)”的结构来表示，如果上文已经提到A与B相比较，也就是说上文已经提到了与A相比较的对象，那么两者在比较时可以将第二个as和比较对象B省略掉。
(2)—What’ s the matter with Della
—Well，her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still________.
A．hopes to B．hopes so
C．hopes not D．hopes for
解析：选A。考查不定式的省略。动词不定式省略时，要保留动词不定式符号to。
Street Music
It’s a warm Saturday afternoon in a busy side road in the old district of Barcelona.The pedestrians are standing in a semi?circle around someone or something in front of the cathedral.I push my way through the crowd and find a quartet of musicians playing a violin suite of
译文助读
classical music. The session lasts ten minutes.Then one of the musicians picks up a saucer on the ground，and asks for money.All contributions are voluntary, no one has to pay，but the crowd shrinks as some people slide away. But others happily throw in a few coins.They’re grateful for this brief interval of music as they go shopping.
Below the window of my apartment in Paris，a music man takes a place made vacant by an earlier musician. He raises the lid of his barrel organ and turns the handle.Then he sings the songs of old Paris，songs of the people and their love affairs.I remember some of the words even though I have never consciously learnt them.I tap my feet and sing along with him. Down there on
the pavement，few passersby stop.Some smile，others walk past with their heads down.Cars pass,gangs of boys form and disappear，someone even puts a coin in the cup on the organ.But the music man ignores them all.He’s hot in the sun，so he mops his head with a spotted handkerchief. He just keeps singing and turning the handle.
In Harlem，New York，some locals place a sound system by an open window.They plug it into the electrical socket，and all of a sudden，there’s dancing in the streets.In downtown Tokyo，young couples eat popcorn and dance to the music of a rockabilly band，which plays American music from the Fifties. In the London Underground a student plays classical guitar music，which echoes along the tunnels.It lifts the spirits of the passengers，who hurry past on their way to work. In a street in Vienna or Prague or Milan a group of pipe musicians from the far Andes fill the air with the sounds of South America.
The street musician is keeping alive a culture which has almost disappeared in our busy，organised，and regulated lives：the sound of music when you least expect it.In a recording studio，even when relayed by microphone，music loses some of its liveliness.But street music gives life to everyone who listens and offers relief from the cares of the day.It only exists in the present，it only has meaning in the context.It needs space.
Music from China
One dozen beautiful young women，all in their twenties，take the stage and stand before a variety of ancient musical instruments.The moment they start to play，it is clear the members of Twelve Girls Band are among the most gifted musicians in the ing from China，Twelve Girls Band is already one of that country’s most popular groups.
As they build a musical bridge between east and west，Twelve Girls Band charms the people of many nations around the world.A best?selling act all over Asia，Twelve Girls Band fills concert halls and arenas there，and has now been discovered by America. In 2004 the group arrived on the US music scene at No.62 of the Billboard 200 album chart.It was the highest entry by an Asian group. In Japan，Twelve Girls Band is already a supergroup.It has sold more than two
million records，and has even appeared in TV ads for chocolate and cellphones，among other products.A Japanese DVD of Twelve Girls Band live in concert sold over 200,000 copies，and their live performances have been seen on television around the world.In 2004 they were named International Artist of the Year at the Japan Golden Disc Award ceremonies.
Drawing upon more than 1,500 years of Chinese music，Twelve Girls Band mixes this rich tradition with classical，folk and contemporary sounds.The group signifies the symbolic choice of a dozen members found in various aspects of Chinese numerology with 12 months in a year，and in ancient mythology,12 jinchai (golden hairpins，which represent womanhood)．Inspiration also comes from yuefang，the female chamber orchestras that played in the royal courts of the Tang Dynasty.
Each member of Twelve Girls Band has classical training，with backgrounds that include the China Academy of Music，the Chinese National Orchestra，and the Central Conservatory of Music.Skilled multi?instrumentalists，they perform on traditional Chinese instruments that include the guzheng，the yangqin，the erhu，the pipa and the dizi and xiao.
The group’s appeal is equally as broad，with children，teens，adults and grandparents filling arenas to see it perform.American critics noticed the mixture of pieces by Mozart and Beethoven，with jazz standards like Dave Brubeck’s Take Five，or a version of a much?loved classic such as Simon and Garfunkel’s El Condor Pasa.
The group honours its musical heritage and shows a genuine love for all styles of music—from complex classical works to long?lasting pop tunes.
The Grammy Awards
—Are They Important
The Grammy Awards are presented every year in the music industry in the United States. They’re like the Oscars in the film industry，and are given for important achievements in recorded music.
They are presented by the Recording Academy (an association of Americans professionally involved in the music industry)．The award ceremony is usually held in February.
There are 105 categories in the awards，and they cover 30 different types of music—pop，rock，jazz，blues，rap，classical，etc.The awards depend on how many votes each artist receives from members of the Recording Academy.They are given for different reasons，not only for selling a lot of albums.In addition to the awards themselves, there are also performances by famous artists at the ceremony.
The award is called a Grammy because winners receive a statuette in the shape of a gramophone，an old fashioned hi?fi system.
However，some people think that the Grammys are not as important as they used to be.Winners are often older，well established artists who sell lots of albums to“teenage girls and housewives”，as one critic said.Therefore，the Grammys are not taken seriously by some musicians or music fans.
There is a separate set of awards for Latin music，called the Latin Grammys，but only two awards for world music.Therefore，it is very difficult for musicians from the rest of the world to win prizes.
Some of the greatest acts in music history，such as Elvis Presley and the Rolling Stones，have been awarded very few Grammys.On the other hand，the Beatles have won more Grammys than Elvis and the Rolling Stones combined.
街头音乐
那是一个温暖的星期六下午，在巴塞罗纳旧街区的一条繁忙的小路(side road)上。行人(pedestrian)们在大教堂前围成半圆，围观着什么人或什么事。我挤进人群，发现了一个四重奏乐队(quartet)正在演奏古典音乐小提琴组曲(suite)。演奏(session从事某项活动的集会或一段时间)持续了10分钟。然后一名演奏者从地上捡起一个碟子(saucer)要钱。所有的捐献都是自愿的(voluntary)，没有人非掏钱不可，但是随着一些人悄悄走开，人群一下子缩小(shrink)了。但是其他人非常高兴地扔进去一些硬币。他们感谢使他们在购物途中为之短暂驻足(interval间隔，空隙)的音乐。
在巴黎我居住的公寓的窗下，一位音乐人占据了早先另一位音乐家空出来的(vacant)地方。他打开手摇风琴(barrel organ)的盖子(lid)，摇动把手(handle)。然后他开始演唱古巴黎的歌曲，关于人们和他们的爱情故事的歌曲。我仍记得一些歌词,虽然我从未特意去记住它们。我用脚打着节拍(tap轻拍)跟随他一起唱。沿着人行道很少有过路人(passerby)停下来。有人微笑，有人低着头走过。车辆路过，一帮帮的男孩子们聚了又散，有人甚至往风琴上的杯子里投硬币。但是这位音乐人不理会所有的这些。在太阳下他很热，所以他用一条脏乎乎的(spotted)手帕擦(mop)脑袋。他只是一个劲儿地边唱边摇动把手。
在纽约哈莱姆，许多当地人将音响设备放在打开的窗户旁。他们把音响设备的插头插入(plug)电源插座，突然间(all of a sudden)，街上的人们就跳起舞来。在东京的市区，年轻的夫妇吃着爆米花(popcorn)随着乡村摇滚乐(rockabilly)乐队演奏的50年代的美国音乐跳舞(dance to the music)。在伦敦的地铁里,一个学生演奏古典的吉他音乐，音乐在地铁的隧道(tunnel)里回响。它提起了那些匆匆忙忙赶着去上班的过路人的精神。在维也纳、布拉格或米兰的街道上,一群来自遥远的安第斯山脉的管乐器演奏者让空气中弥漫着南美洲的乐曲。
街头音乐家保持了一种文化的生机，而这种文化在我们紧张忙碌、组织有序、一成不变(regulate规定，管理，整顿)的生活中已近乎消失：在你最意想不到的时候听到的音乐的声音。在录音室里即使被麦克风转播(relay)，音乐也失去了它些许的生动(liveliness)。但是街头音乐赋予了每位倾听者活力，让人们减轻(relief)生活的烦恼。它只存在于当下，也只有在情境中才具有意义。它需要空间。
来自中国的音乐
12位二十多岁的美丽的年轻女子登上舞台站在各种各样的古典乐器前。她们一开始演奏就立刻证明了“女子十二乐坊”的成员都是世界上最具有天赋的音乐家。来自中国的“女子十二乐坊”已经成为最受本国欢迎的乐队之一。
“女子十二乐坊”在东西方之间架起了音乐的桥梁，她们吸引(charm)了世界各地许多国家的人们。成为亚洲最畅销的专辑，“女子十二乐坊”让音乐大厅和音乐场(arena舞台)爆满，现在她们已被美国乐坛发现。2004年这个乐队名列美国音乐表演活动领域(scene)的“Billboard 200”排行榜的第62位，这是亚洲乐队中最高的排名。在日本，“女子十二乐坊”已
经是超级乐队。其专辑销量已经超过两百万张，她们甚至还出现在众多商品中的巧克力和手机的电视广告上。一个“女子十二乐坊”现场演奏会的日本DVD销售超过二十万张，她们的现场表演已在全世界的电视上播出。2004年她们在日本的“金碟奖”颁奖典礼上被授予年度最佳海外艺人大奖。
吸取(draw upon利用，凭借)中国一千五百多年的音乐文化，“女子十二乐坊”将这浓厚的传统与古典、民族与现代声音巧妙融合。这个乐队十二名成员的选取，代表(signify表示，表明)了中国八卦(numerology数字命理学)中的一年十二个月的各种不同的方面,并且象征(symbolic)了古老的神话(mythology)中代表女性的“十二金钗(hairpin发卡,发夹)”。灵感还来源于“乐坊”——在唐朝皇宫演奏的(chamber室内(音乐)的)女子管弦乐队。
“女子十二乐坊”的每位成员都接受过一流的正规教育，分别有着中国音乐学院、中央民族学院、中央音乐学院等教育背景。她们是精通多种乐器的演奏家，表演所使用的乐器有古筝、扬琴、二胡、琵琶、笛子和箫等中国传统乐器。
这支乐队的吸引力相当广泛，许多小孩子、十几岁的青少年、成年人和祖父母辈的观众挤满了演奏现场观看演出。美国的评论家们发现其作品中有莫扎特与贝多芬音乐的融合，有爵士乐标准诸如戴夫·布鲁贝克的“五拍”或是改编自深受人们喜爱的经典作品如西蒙和加芬克尔的“山鹰”。
这支乐队尊崇(honour)自己的民族音乐遗产(heritage)并且展现出对各种音乐风格的真实的热爱——从复杂的古典作品到经久不衰的流行乐曲。
格莱美奖
——它们重要吗？
美国音乐界每年都颁发(present)格莱美奖。它们像电影界的奥斯卡奖一样被颁发以纪念音乐史上的重大成就。
它们由音乐学会(美国音乐界的一个专业组织)颁发。颁奖典礼通常在2月举行。
该奖共有105种奖项，涵盖了30种不同类型的音乐——流行音乐、摇滚音乐、爵士音乐、布鲁斯音乐、说唱音乐及古典音乐等。得奖与否取决于每位艺术家从音乐学会成员获得的选票数。奖项的颁发要看很多原因，不仅仅看售出了多少张唱片。除了(in addition to)大奖本身外，颁奖典礼上还有著名艺术家们的表演。
该奖被称为格莱美是因为获奖者们会得到一个留声机(gramophone)形状的小雕塑(statuette)——一种老式的高保真音响系统。
然而，一些人认为格莱美奖不像过去那样重要了。获奖者经常是年龄较大的、正如一位批评家(critic)所说的卖给“少女和家庭主妇们”很多唱片的、已有名声的艺术家。因此(therefore)，格莱美奖并不为某些音乐家或音乐迷看重。
对于拉丁音乐有一系列单独的奖项，称为拉丁格莱美奖，但是关于世界音乐仅有两个奖项。因此，对于来自世界其他国家的音乐家来说要想赢得该奖是很困难的。
音乐史上一些伟大的音乐人像埃尔维斯·普雷斯利(猫王)和滚石乐队，被授予的格莱美奖很少。另一方面，披头士乐队所获得的格莱美奖比猫王和滚石乐队加在一起所获得的格莱美奖还要多。
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谢谢使用(共24张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Warming Up
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and discussion
1．Do you prefer Chinese musical instruments or western musical instruments？Why
________________________________________________________________________
2．Do you like the sound of traditional Chinese music？Give reasons for your answers.
________________________________________________________________________
Step Two：Fast reading
1．Liu Fang is an international music star，famous for her work with traditional Chinese instruments.Read the text and try to find the general information of Liu Fang.
Career (1)__________
Year of birth (2)__________
Hometown (3)__________
The place she is living now (4)__________
The school she went to (5)__________
The training she received (6)__________
The person who taught her
to play musical instruments (7)__________
The musical instruments
she plays (8)__________
答案：(1)international music star (2)1974 (3)Kunming
(4)Canada (5)Shanghai Conservatory of Music (6)pipa and guzheng (7)her mother (8)pipa and guzheng
2．Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
(1)Which of the following statements is NOT true about Liu Fang according to the text
A．She began to give concerts in 1985.
B．It is her mother who introduced her to music and musical instruments.
C．She now lives in Canada.
D．She works as a pipa soloist of the Kunming Music and Dance Troupe now.
(2)The writer mentioned the Queen of England of order to tell us________.
A．Liu Fang has been to England
B．Liu Fang’s performance is excellent
C．it is a great honor to see the Queen of England
D．the Queen of England enjoyed the traditional Chinese musical instruments
(3)Liu Fang thinks that all of the following are important for playing classical Chinese musical instruments EXCEPT________.
A．technique
B．an actress mother
C．to respect the traditions but to add the player’s own style
D．the way of interpreting the classical pieces
(4)Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text
A．There are a lot of similarities between Chinese music and Chinese language.
B．Liu Fang knows a lot about the Chinese cultures and foreign cultures.
C．Moving to Canada has caused a lot of trouble to her career.
D．She prefers performing in public to other ways.
(5)What is the most difficult for Liu Fang to play the pipa
A．It needs great skills in playing the pipa.
B．To play large repertoire for the pipa written in the Tang Dynasty.
C．To combine the classical music with her own style.
D．To combine the effect of pipa with that of the guzheng.
(6)Which of the following is NOT the wish of Liu Fang according to the passage
A．To introduce classical Chinese pipa and guzheng music.
B．To compose her own music.
C．To be a great music composer.
D．To go on working together with master musicians.
答案：(1)A (2)B (3)B (4)C (5)C (6)C
Step Three：Careful reading
1．Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.
(1)What’s her musical influence
_____________________________
答案：The main influence is traditional singing.
(2)What does she enjoy about performing
_____________________________
答案：She enjoys performing in public because she likes the atmosphere in a concert hall.
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Part 1 Major introduction of Liu Fang Liu Fang is an international music star.She’s
(1)____________since she was 11.
What is your musical training and
background？ Mother is my first music teacher，and I worked as a pipa (2)____________after I graduated from Shanghai Conservatory of Music.
Part 1 What are the biggest challenges of playing the pipa and the guzheng？ There are many different pipa schools，each of which has its special way of (3)____________the classical pieces.
The biggest challenge is to respect the traditions but to add my own style.The same (4)__________my second instrument，the guzheng.
Part 2 Who or what are your musical influences？ The main influence is traditional singing.I listened to traditional opera singing (5)____________in my childhood.
Part 2 What (6)________of Chinese classical music do you try to show in your playing？ In traditional Chinese art，there are some empty spaces that (7)________ the whole painting.
It’s (8)____________ classical Chinese music.There are empty spaces，and people say the silence is full of music.
Part 3 What do you like best about performing live？ I enjoy the time immediately after the concert to (9)____________friends and music lovers.
What are your goals as an artist？ I like to (10)__________other musical traditions and play with master musicians，and I also wish to compose my own music.
答案：(1)given concerts (2)soloist (3)interpreting (4)is true of (5)folk songs (6)characteristics (7)give life to (8)the same with (9)share the feelings and ideas with (10)make contact with
Step Four：Summary
Liu Fang is an international music star，famous for her Chinese instruments.She watched Dianju performances and learned to play the yueqin as a child；she studied in Shanghai Conservatory of Music and after 1.________she worked as a pipa soloist.Her biggest 2.________of playing the pipa and the guzheng is to 3.________the traditions but to 4.________ her own style.Her style of playing
was mainly 5.________by traditional singing.The 6.________of Chinese classical music that she shows in her playing is 7.________the pipa sounds and the pauses to make a poetry of sound.The best things she likes about performing live are the 8.________in a concert hall and the time after the concert to share the feelings and ideas with other people.
Her goals as an artist include 9.________her own music and 10.________classical Chinese pipa and guzheng music to every corner of the world.
答案：1.graduation 2.challenge 3.respect 4.add 5.influenced 6.characteristic 7.combining 8.atmosphere 9.composing 10.introducing
Step Five：Discussion
What do you think of her ambition regarding Chinese music
________________________________________________________________________
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共6张PPT)
Module 4 Music
教材背景链接
名言佳句
It should be music to the people’s spirit of the outbreak sparks.
—Ludwig van Beethoven
音乐应当使人的精神爆发出火花。
——路德维希·凡·贝多芬(德国音乐家)
Life is like music.It must be composed by ear，feeling and instinct，not by rule.
—Samuel Butler，British writer
人生如一首乐曲，要用乐感，感情和直觉去谱写，不能只按乐律行事。
——英国作家 塞缪尔·巴特勒
Music is the art of thinking with sounds.
—Jules Combarieu
音乐是用声音思维的艺术。
——孔巴略·J
类文欣赏
Categories of Music
Music is often divided into several categories or groups.Some of the categories are：classical music，traditional music，rock music，and jazz music.The first kind，classical，refers to
orchestra music(管弦乐) that originated in Europe a few hundred years ago.Most of the original classical music was composed，or written in Italy，Germany，Austria，or Russia.Classical music is usually played by a variety of string and wind instruments.
The second type of music is traditional music.It comes from a particular culture.Every culture has its own special forms of traditional music.For example，“blue” music is one kind of traditional music in the United States and “enka” music is one kind of traditional music in Japan.Each traditional music has its own special instruments.
Another kind of music is rock music.It is generally a loud kind of music，played with a strong beat.Rock musicians often use electric instruments.Rock music probably began in Europe about 30 or 40 years ago.It became very popular especially among young people during the 1960s and 1970s.
The fourth kind of music is jazz.Jazz probably comes from Africa.Jazz has a different kind of rhythm(节奏) from other kinds of music.A variety of musical instruments are used to play this kind of music especially wind instruments.
Of course，there are other categories of music.In addition，many kinds of music are combinations of classical and traditional，or classical and jazz，or rock and jazz，and so on.
Read the passage above，and tell the following statements true(T) or false (F)．
1．“Blue” music originated from America.( )
2．Every piece of classical music was from Italy，Germany，Austria，or Russia.( )
3．Today there are combinations of different music.( )
Keys：1.T 2.F 3.T(共82张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Introduction，Reading and Vocabulary & Vocabulary and Listening—Language Study
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
速效提能演练
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1The pipa is a lute with four strings and is a relative of the European lute.
琵琶是一种带有4根琴弦的拨弦乐器，它是欧洲的鲁特琴的“亲戚”。
品味经典
①Neighbors are dearer than distant relatives.
远亲不如近邻。
②Have you got any relatives in Shanghai
你在上海有亲戚吗？
③The detective thought the stick was relative to the murder case.
侦探认为这根木棒和谋杀案有牵连。
自我探究
relative作可数名词，意为“亲属，亲戚”。用作形容词，意为“相关的”，后用介词to。
易混辨析
relative，relation
(1)relative“亲戚”，指有一定血缘关系或婚姻关系而结成的亲戚。
(2)relation“亲属”，除了指血统关系外，还指抽象的社会关系，其范围较relative广泛，有时两者可互用。
④He had no children of his own，and most of his relatives had passed away.
他没有自己的孩子，且多数亲人已过世。
⑤John is a good?humored person and has a good social relation.
约翰很幽默，而且有良好的社会关系。
归纳拓展
⑥Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time.
疲劳和司机的反应速度密切相关。
⑦I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
⑧He has a very close relationship with his roommates.
他和室友非常亲密。
牛刀小试
He wasn’t feeling well all day，which I think is relative________the food he ate.
A．with B．to
C．at D．on
解析：选B。be relative to和……有关联。句意“他一整天都感觉不好，我认为他的病和他吃的东西有关”。故选B。
2The same is true of my second instrument，the guzheng.
对于我的第二种乐器古筝，情况也是如此。
品味经典
①The food here is good and the same is true of the service.
这里的食物很好吃，服务也不错。
②Parents of young children often become depressed，and this is especially true of single parents.
幼儿家长往往变得沮丧，特别是单亲家长，也是如此。
③This is especially true for old people.
这和老年人特别相同。
自我探究
(be) true of (for)意为“与……情况相同；符合于，对……也适用”。
归纳拓展
④The prediction seems to have come true.
预言似乎成真了。
⑤To tell the truth，I was frightened to death.
说实话，我吓得要死。
⑥I’m hopeless at physics，and it’s the same with chemistry—I get it all wrong.
我物理没希望，化学也这样，我都弄错了。
牛刀小试
His new proposal of improving the quality of products may not be________our company.
A．suitable at B．fit to
C．true of D．beneficial from
解析：选C。句意：他新提出的提高产品质量的建议有可能不适合于我们公司的情况。be true of/for意为“对……适用，符合于，与……情况相同”，符合语境句意。be suitable常与for或to搭配常表示“适合于”，fit作形容词常表示“适合(某个职位)，称职”之意，与for搭配。be beneficial意为“有益的”，常与to搭配。
3They give life to the whole painting and they allow people to come into the picture，like a dialogue.
它们给整幅作品带来生机，也使得观众融入图画，就像与图画进行对话。
品味经典
①Those words have given life to this article.
那几句话增加了这篇文章的生气。
②Joan gave life to the whole village.
琼给整个村庄带来了生机。
自我探究
give life to意为“赋予……生命(生命力，活力)”，注意life前不使用冠词，因为life的意思为“生气，生机”。
归纳拓展
③He gave his life to the cause of peace.
他把自己的生命献给了和平事业。
④A great actor can bring a character to life.
一个伟大的演员能使角色生动起来。
⑤The game really came to life in the second half.
下半场比赛变得很有生气了。
牛刀小试
You’re very cool towards your brother，but with your friends you really________to life.
A．live B．bring
C．give D．come
解析：选D。come to life 苏醒过来；显得逼真；变得活跃。
4The pipa sounds and the pauses combine to make a poetry of sound.
琵琶演奏抑扬顿挫相结合,谱成一曲曲音乐的诗歌。
品味经典
①The developing countries should combine the economic development with the climate change together.
发展中国家应该把经济发展和气候变化结合起来。
②The new teaching method combines education with pleasure.
这种新的教学方法使教育与娱乐相结合。
③The two countries combined against their common enemy.
这两个国家联合起来抗击他们共同的敌人。
④None of us has much money so let’s combine what we’ve got.
我们都没有那么多的钱，所以把我们所有的合一块吧。
⑤Diets are most effective when combined with exercise.
当和锻炼结合在一起的时候，饮食更加有效。
自我探究
combine作及物动词时，意为“结合，联合”。combine...with...意为“把……和……联合起来”，被动式为be combined with；combine against意为“联合起来反对”。
易混辨析
combine，connect，join，unite
(1)combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变。
(2)connect两物有形地连接，两者仍保持各自的独立性，常与介词with或to连用构成：be connected with与……有联系，connect sb.to把某人接通。
(3)join指任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可松可紧，还能分开，如田与田、国与国之间相互连接，可译为“加入，汇集”。
(4)unite意为“联合，团结，团聚”，指很紧密地结合，强调合成为新的统一体。
⑥A USB port is a place where you can connect other machines to a computer.
USB端口就是你能把其他机器和电脑连接起来的东西。
⑦The new highway has joined the two cities.
新公路把那两个城市连接起来。
⑧People all over the world unite!
全世界人民联合起来！
牛刀小试
If you can________your natural ability with hard work，you should be successful.
A．combine B．connect
C．link D．join
解析：选A。句意为：如果你能把天生的能力和努力相结合，你就会成功。combine...with...把……和……相结合；connect...with...把……和……联系起来；link和join都和to搭配，表示“把……和……连接起来”。
5I feel a little depressed or lonely when there is no concert for a long time.
很长一段时间没有音乐会，我会感到有点情绪低落或者孤独。
品味经典
①He was depressed by his failure.
失败使他很沮丧。
②I’d only depress you，reminding you of your lost love.
我只会惹得你伤心，让你想起你失去的心上人。
③Rainy weather always depresses me.
雨天总会使我意志消沉。
自我探究
depress为及物动词，意为“使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷”。
归纳拓展
④Medical experts say depression can affect anyone.
医学专家表示，心情沮丧可能影响到每个人。
⑤He seemed a bit depressed about his work situation.
他好像对他的工作环境感到沮丧。
⑥I find this weather so depressing.
我觉得这天气令人心情不愉快。
牛刀小试
The thought of taking the exam again______me，because I often felt________when I failed.
A．depressing；depressed
B．depressing；depressing
C．depressed；depressed
D．depressed；depressing
解析：选C。句意为：再次参加考试的想法使我沮丧，因为当我考试不及格时，我总会感到沮丧。
6Since I moved to Canada，I have had opportunities to make contact with other musical traditions and play with master musicians.
自从移居加拿大，我有机会接触到了其他音乐传统并跟一些音乐大师同台演出。
品味经典
①Have you kept in contact with any of your friends from college
你和你大学里的朋友还保持联系吗？
②I’ll do my best to make contact with him.
我会尽力同他联系的。
自我探究
make contact with意为“与……进行来往”，注意contact 为抽象名词，前面也不加冠词。
归纳拓展
③Have you been in contact with the disease
你接触过这种病吗？
④The children lost contact with their families.
这些孩子和家人失去了联系。
⑤Beyond a certain distance we are out of contact with our headquarters.
我们跟总部超过一定距离通讯就会中断。
⑥She is shy，so she aviods eye contact while talking to a stranger.
她很害羞，与陌生人讲话时，经常避免眼睛接触。
⑦He contacted us as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.
他一到上海就跟我们取得了联系。
牛刀小试
He had to make ________ with wealthy people in raising money for the project.
A．approach B．connect
C．contact D．touch
解析：选C。句意：为了给这项工程筹款，他不得不与许多有钱人来往。make contact with是固定搭配，意为“与……接触，来往”。其他各项都不合题意。
7What is her ambition regarding Chinese music
关于中国音乐她的志向是什么？
(1)ambition
品味经典
①His ambition is to become an actor.
他的理想是成为一名演员。
②She achieved her ambition to become(of becoming) the first woman to run the 10,000 metres in under 30 minutes.
她实现了自己的夙愿，成为第一个在三十分钟内跑完10000米的妇女。
③In her youth she had the ambition of being a pianist.
她在年轻时曾经有过想当钢琴家的雄心。
自我探究
ambition 是可数名词，意为“志气，抱负，雄心”。“实现抱负、达到目标”常用achieve,realize或fulfil；表示“……的志向”，用an ambition to do/of_doing sth.。
牛刀小试
(1)—Fiona never fails to grasp any chance of promotion.
—She’s a woman of________.
A．ambition B．attention
C．expectation D．reputation
解析：选A。ambition 雄心；志向；attention 注意；expectation 期望；reputation 名誉，名声。从前一句话，每一次提升的机会她都抓住了说明她是一位有雄心的妇女。
(2)regarding
品味经典
①I must speak to you regarding this matter.
关于这件事情，我必须和你谈一谈。
②She has said nothing regarding your request.
关于你的要求，她什么也没说。
自我探究
regarding用作介词，意为“关于，至于”。
归纳拓展
③Give your brother my regards when you see him.
看到你哥哥时，代我向他问好。
④The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless.
天气非常恶劣，但我们并不理会，照常进行。
⑤In/With regard to future oil supplies，the situation is uncertain.
关于未来石油供应问题，情况尚不确定。
⑥He continued speaking，regardless of my feelings on the matter.
他不顾及我在此事上的感受继续往下说。
(2)________the weather，the sports meeting will be held on time.
A．Instead of B．In relation to
C．Regardless of D．In favor of
解析：选C。考查短语辨析。句意为：不管(regardless of)天气怎样，运动会将按时举行。其他各项instead of 代替，而不是…… ; in relation to 与……相关 ；in favor of 赞成，均不符合句意
8 It’s the same with classical Chinese music.
中国古典音乐也是一样。
品味经典
①—Mary likes playing the piano，but she can’t play it well.
——玛丽喜欢弹钢琴，但是她弹得不好。
句型巧析
—It’s the same with her brother.(So it is with her brother.)
——她的哥哥也是这样。
②Tom is very clever but he doesn’t work hard.It is the same/So it is with his sister.
汤姆很聪明，但不努力。他姐姐也是这样。
③John has retired，and he likes fishing very much now.It’s the same/So it is with my father.
约翰退休了，他现在很喜欢钓鱼。我的父亲也是这样。
自我探究
It’s the same with...＝So it is with...意为“与……情况相同”，表示前面的情况也适合后者，尤其是前面说了两种以上的情况的时候。
易混辨析
the same...as，the same...that，the same to
(1)the same...as用来表示前后两者相同或相似，后面的as是关系代词，引导一个定语从句，as不能换成that或which。
(2)the same...that用来表示前后为同一事物，that是关系代词，引导一个定语从句。
(3)the same to sb.常用于反唇相讥﹑回敬问候等的用语(只限于双方都有相同的情景)。
④I bought the same car as yours/you did.
我买的汽车和你买的一样。
⑤This is the same train that I rode on yesterday.
这就是我昨天坐过的那辆火车。
⑥“Happy Christmas！” “And the same to you！”
“圣诞快乐！”“圣诞快乐！”
(1)在肯定句中，用so＋be(have，助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示前面所说的情况亦适合于另一人或物。
(2)在否定句中,用neither/nor＋be(have，助动词，情态动词)＋另一主语，表示“也不”。
(3)如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so＝indeed)，那么，句子不可使用倒装式。应用so＋主语＋be(have，助动词，情态动词)。
归纳拓展
⑦They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。
⑧I don’t like having a walking in such a crowded place，nor does my sister.
我不喜欢在这么拥挤的地方散步,我姐姐也是。
牛刀小试
(1)—My room gets very cold at night.
—________.
A．So is mine B．So mine is
C．So does mine D．So mine does
解析：选C。句意：——晚上我的房间很冷。——我的也是。此题考查so的倒装结构，排除B、D。此处gets为系动词，故倒装句的助动词用does。
(2) Dr.Johnson loves most of the music but doesn’t like jazz and ________.
A．neither is his wife
B．so is his wife
C．so his wife is
D．it is the same with his wife
解析： 选D。句意：约翰森博士喜欢大多数音乐，但不喜欢爵士乐。他的夫人也是这样。因为在前半句中陈述了两种情况，所以用it’s the same with...表示“……也如此”。
9I also enjoy the time immediately after the concert to share the feelings and ideas with friends...
音乐会一结束我也喜欢和朋友们聚在一起分享感受与想法……
品味经典
①He came home immediately after he finished his work.
他做完工作后马上就回家了。
②She got married soon after she graduated from the college.
她大学毕业后不久就结婚了。
③I had known him long before he came to work in my office.
在他来我办公室工作之前我就认识他很久了。
自我探究
在时间状语从句的引导词前可以加上副词进行修饰，表示更加具体的时间。例如：soon after.../ shortly after.../ not long before.../ long before...等。
牛刀小试
Come in________you have taken off your coat，it’s too cold outside.
A．long before B．immediately when
C．soon after D．long after
解析：选B。从后面一句话所提供的语境分析，此处用immediately when表时间非常短暂，其他和语境不符。
An Interview with Liu Fang
Part 1
Liu Fang is an international music star，famous for her work with traditional Chinese instruments.She was born in 1974 and has played the pipa since the age of six.She’s given concerts since she was eleven，including a performance for the Queen of England during her visit to China.She graduated from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music，where she also studied the guzheng in 1993.
译文助读
What is your musical training and background
My mother is a Dianju actress.Dianju is a kind of Chinese opera，which includes singing，dancing and acting.When I was a child，she took me to performances.I listened to music before I could speak! When I was five years old，she taught me to play the yueqin.
In 1990，when I was 15 years old，I went to the Shanghai Conservatory of Music，where I studied the pipa and the guzheng.After I graduated，I went back to my hometown of Kunming and worked as a pipa soloist of the Kunming Music and Dance Troupe.In 1996，I moved to Canada with my husband and I have been living there since then.
What are the biggest challenges of playing the pipa and the guzheng
If your technique is not good enough，it is impossible to play classical Chinese pipa music.Also，the repertoire for the pipa is large—some pieces were written during the Tang Dynasty.
There are many different pipa schools，and each one has its special way of interpreting the classical pieces.The biggest challenge is to respect the traditions but to add my own style.The same is true of my second instrument，the guzheng.
Part 2
Who or what are your musical influences
The main influence is traditional singing.I listened to traditional opera singing and folk songs in my childhood.Now when I am playing a tune，I am singing in my heart.When I’m playing a sad tune，I am crying in my heart.Listeners often say that they can hear singing in my music.
What characteristics of Chinese classical music do you try to show in your playing
Firstly，Chinese music is similar to the Chinese language.In Chinese，the same pronunciation with different tones has different meanings.The same is true for music.Secondly，classical Chinese music is closely connected to Chinese poetry，so it isn’t surprising that most classical pieces have very poetic titles.Thirdly，classical Chinese music and traditional Chinese painting
are like twin sisters.In Chinese art，there are some empty spaces，which are very important.They give life to the whole painting and they allow people to come into the picture，like a dialogue.
It’s the same with classical Chinese music.There are empty spaces，and people say the silence is full of music.The pipa sounds and the pauses combine to make a poetry of sound.Listeners can experience the power and the beauty of the music，like enjoying a beautiful poem or painting.
Part 3
What do you like best about performing live
I enjoy playing and I enjoy performing in public.I like the atmosphere in a concert hall and I always feel happy when I have a concert.I feel a little depressed or lonely when there is no concert for a long time.I also enjoy the time immediately after the concert to share the feelings and ideas with friends and music lovers，listening to their impressions and understanding about the music.I love my career.I also enjoy travelling：I enjoy sitting in a plane dreaming，or staying in a hotel.
What are your goals as an artist
I don’t have a particular goal.But I hope to work with many composers，and I also wish to compose my own music.My background is traditional Chinese music.Since I moved to Canada，I have had opportunities to make contact with other musical traditions and play with master musicians.I wish to continue working with master musicians from other traditions and to be able to compose my own music，using elements from different cultures.I also wish to introduce classical Chinese pipa and guzheng music to every corner of the world.
刘芳专访
第一部分
刘芳是一位国际知名的音乐家，以弹奏中国传统乐器见长。她出生于1974年,从6岁起就开始弹奏琵琶。11岁起她就开始举办演奏会(give concerts)，包括英国女王访华期间为女王做的一场演出。刘芳毕业于上海音乐学院(conservatory)，1993年她还在那里学习弹奏古筝。
请您谈谈您在音乐方面的背景及训练情况，好吗？
我母亲是位滇剧演员。滇剧是一种中国戏剧，含有声乐、舞蹈及表演。我小的时候，母亲就带我去看节目。在会说话前,我就接触了音乐！我5岁那年，妈妈教我弹月琴。
1990年，我15岁的时候去了上海音乐学院,在那里，我学习了琵琶和古筝。毕业后，我回到故乡昆明，并在昆明歌舞团做了琵琶独奏演员(soloist)。1996年，我和丈夫移居加拿大，直到现在。
弹奏琵琶和古筝最大的挑战是什么？
如果你的技术不够纯熟，就不可能弹好中国古典琵琶曲。另外，琵琶弹奏曲目(repertoire)很多——一些作品甚至作于唐代。
琵琶流派很多，每个流派都有自己独特的诠释(interpret)古典作品的方式。最大的挑战是尊重传统并融入自己的风格。对于我的第二种乐器——古筝，情况也是如此(be true of与……情况相同)
第二部分
请您谈谈哪些人或事对您在音乐方面产生了影响，好吗？
最主要的影响是民族音乐。我在年幼时就听传统戏剧和民歌(folk song)。现在每当我演奏一个曲子时,我都会在心中跟着吟唱。当我演奏哀伤的乐曲时，我内心也在哭泣。听众都说能在我的乐曲中听到歌声。
您在演奏中想展示中国古典音乐的什么特征(characteristic)
首先，中国民族音乐跟汉语很相似。在汉语中，读音相同音调不同,意义就不同。音乐也是如此。其次，中国古典音乐与中国诗歌(poetry)关系很密切，因此很多古典音乐作品都有着很诗意的(poetic)标题就一点也不奇怪了。再次，中国古典音乐与国画像孪生姐妹。在中国国画中，留些空白，这些空白非常重要。它们赋予整幅作品生命力(give life to)，也使得观众融入图画，就像与图画进行对话。
中国古典音乐也是一样(be the same with)。乐曲中有停顿，人们认为这种停顿静谧之中充满了音乐。琵琶的声音和乐曲中的停顿结合(combine)在一起，给声音赋予了诗的意境。听众可以自己感受音乐的力量、音乐的美，就像享受一首美妙的诗歌或一幅美丽的图画一样。
第三部分
现场演出最让您感到愉悦的是什么？
我喜欢弹奏，也喜欢当众演奏。我喜欢音乐厅中的氛围，每当我举行音乐会的时候，我会很兴奋。在很长一段时间没做音乐会后，我会感到有点情绪低落(depress)和孤独。我同样喜欢音乐会后和朋友及音乐爱好者分享感受、交流看法(share feelings and ideas with)，听他们谈对我的音乐的感觉和理解。我热爱我的事业。我也喜欢旅游：我喜欢坐在飞机上幻想，或者呆在旅馆里。
作为一个艺术家，您的目标是什么？
我没有特定的目标。但我希望能和很多作曲家共事，同时我希望创作我自己的乐曲(compose music)。我的音乐底蕴是中国民乐。自从移居加拿大，我就有机会接触(make contact with与……进行往来)其他音乐传统并跟一些音乐大师(master musician)同台演出。我希望我能继续跟他们合作，并吸取其他音乐传统之长，创作自己的音乐。我也希望能使中国传统的琵琶和古筝音乐传遍世界的各个角落。
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