(共20张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Vocabulary and Reading—Warming Up
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and discussion
1. Which of the given quotations do you think is the most effective Give your reasons.
________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think of war and peace
________________________________________________________________________
Step Two：Fast reading
1．During the Second World War，which lasted until 1945，Germany occupied many countries，including France.
In September 1939，Britain declared war on Germany after it invaded Poland.The most important battle of the war in Europe was Operation Overlord，known as the D?Day landings. The text，which includes 3 passages，is about the battle.Now read the text and answer the following questions.
(1)Where do you think the first passage is taken from
A．a history book
B．a newspaper article
(2)What do you think the second passage is
A．a government report on the war
B．the history of a particular group of soldiers
(3)What is different about the third passage
A．It refers to an event related to the war.
B．It refers to an event before the war.
答案：(1)B (2)B (3)A
2．Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
(1)Which of the following is TRUE about the D?Day landings
A．It was a military operation of the European countries.
B．It was sure to be successful at the very beginning.
C．The American soldiers played an important role in D-Day landings.
D．It was the beginning of the Second World War.
(2)From Passage 2 we know that ________.
A．only two companies took part in the attack
B．Able Company was an example of bravery and heroic acts
C．only Able Company fought hard
D．Able Company’s contribution to the D-Day landings was too small
(3)The twenty men missed the fighting on the beach，because________.
A．they drowned
B．they were captured
C．they were rescued on other boats
D．they escaped from the beach
(4)Passage 3 is intended to ________.
A．tell us not to forget those who lost their lives in the D-Day landings
B．tell us of the importance of the D-Day landings
C．tell us about the cemetery and memorial built for those who lost their lives
D．introduce a famous British poem to us
(5)The cemetery and memorial were built on a cliff over?looking the beach，because________.
A．it is very beautiful and also the hometown of many soldiers
B．the battle in which soldiers lost their lives happened there
C．it was a fortress for troops to land on the beaches
D．all the soldiers died there
(6)Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text
A．Only two men arrived at the top of the cliff.
B The first attack cost Able Company about sixty?six lives.
C．Two thirds of Able Company were drowned.
D．All the soldiers who had reached the beach were killed.
答案：(1)C (2)B (3)C (4)A (5)B (6)B
Step Three：Careful reading
1．Listen to the tape and tell the following statements true (T)or false(F)．
(1)Only Britain troops took part in the D?Day landings.( )
(2)Many soldiers were killed before they reached the beach.( )
(3)Twenty soldiers were not killed because they didn’t reach the beach.( )
(4)Able Company’s operation was a complete failure.( )
(5)The poem“For the Fallen”can only be seen in Britain.( )
答案：(1)F (2)T (3)T (4)F (5)F
2．Read the text and fill in the blanks.
The D-Day Landings—Passage 1 The Second World War during which Germany (1)________ many countries lasted until 1945.
In September 1939，Britain (2)________ Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
The most important battle of the war in Europe was Operation Overlord which started when 130,000 troops landed on the (3)________ of Normandy in France.
The situation was so bad that the commanders thought about (4)______ the invasion，but (5)________ the D?Day landings were successful.
The D-Day Landings—Passage 2 On June 6,1944，when the soldiers of Able Company crossed the English Channel，Boat 5 was hit，six men (6)________ and twenty men were picked up by other boats.
When the soldiers on Boat 3 jumped into the deep water，many of them were either killed or (7)________ by machine gun fire.
Half an hour after the first attack，two thirds of the company were dead.The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and (8)________．
The D-Day Landings—Passage 3 On 6 June 2004，survivors of the D?Day landings went to the cemetery and (9)________ which overlooks Omaha Beach.
The cemetery contains the graves of 9,386 Americans and on it writes：Age shall not weary them，nor the years (10)________，and so on.
答案：(1)occupied (2)declared war on (3)beaches(4)abandoning (5)eventually (6)drowned (7)wounded (8)shocked (9)memorial (10)condemn
Step Four：Summary
During the Second World War.Germany 1.________many countries，including France.In September 1939，Britain 2.________ war on Germany after it invaded Poland.
The most important 3.________ of the war in Europe was Operation Overlord，4.________ as the D?Day landings.On the morning of June,130,000 troops carried by over 5,000 ships 5.________ the English Channel and landed on the 6.________of Normandy in France.Because the Germans 7.________ artillery shells at the soldiers，many of them died before they landed.
With great danger，American soldiers eventually made a 8.________ at Omaha Beach and the D?Day landings were
9．________.It was the beginning of the end of the war.On 6 June 2004，survivors of the D?Day landings from many different countries 10.________ to France to remember their lost comrades.The poem written by Lawrence Binyon on the memorial was first published in The Times newspaper on 14 September 1914 and can be seen on war memorials in many parts of the world.
答案：1.occupied 2.declared 3.battle 4.known 5.crossed 6.beaches 7.fired 8.breakthrough 9.successful 10．Returned
Step Five：Discussion
Do you want war or peace
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：We hate war.We want peace.Let’s build a peaceful world.
Now，most of the people around the world are enjoying the peace.When we are reading a novel describing the war，no matter it is the First or the Second World War，we can imagine the bitterness，sadness and hopelessness that the war brought us.Nobody would like to forget it.So that is why most people are struggling for a much more beautiful and peaceful world.Let’s work harder to get rid of any kind of fights and conflicts.Wish that the different nations unite to fight against the war.
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谢谢使用(共7张PPT)
Module 6 War and Peace 教材背景链接
名言佳句
There is nothing good in war.Except its ending.—Abraham Lincoln
战争中没有什么好东西。除了它的结束。
——亚伯拉罕·林肯
The real and lasting victories are those of peace，and not of war.—Ralph Waldo Emerson
真正而持久的胜利就是和平，而不是战争。
——拉尔夫·沃尔多·埃莫森
In war，whichever side may call itself the victor，there are no winners，but all are losers.—Neville Chamberlain，British Prime Minister
战争中只有输家，没有赢家，尽管双方不论哪一方均可能自称为胜利者。
——英国首相 张伯伦
战争是一种特殊的社会历史现象，它自出现以来就给人类带来了深重的灾难。人类社会越发达就越脆弱，也就越难以承受战争。因此，人类必须抑制战争。
Living Without War
类文欣赏
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war？War is an ancient practice which has existed for at least six thousand years.It was always bad and usually foolish，but in the past，the human race managed to live with it.Modern cleverness has changed this.Either Man will end the existence of war，or war will end the existence of Man.For the present，it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger，but bacteriological or chemical weapons may，before long，offer an even greater threat.If we succeeded in ending the existence of nuclear weapons，our work will not be done.It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war.
To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international problems in a new way not as contests of force，in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in killing people，but by settling in accordance with agreed rules of law.It is not easy to change very old mental habits，but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the acceptance of this or that ideology(意识形态)would prevent war.I believe this to be a big mistake.All ideologies are basedupon dogmatic statements(强词夺理)which are，at best，doubtful，and at worst，totally false.Their supporters believe in them so deeply that they are willing to go to war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has changed very greatly as we can welcome.It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided.Of course very difficult problems remain in the world，but the spirit in which they are coming nearer to is a better one than it was some years ago.It has begun to be thought，even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die，that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory.It has begun to be understood that the important struggle nowadays is not between different countries but between Man and the atom bomb.
Read the passage above，and tell the following statements true(T) or false (F)．
1．This passage implies that war is now not so dangerous as in the past.( )
2．From Paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the passage does not think that the acceptance of any ideology can prevent war.( )
3．According to the writer，war must be ended if Man wants to survive.( )(共51张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
写作专题突破
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before.
2．I wish I had a big house.
3．He insisted that the old man (should) be sent to hospital at once.
自我探究
例句1，as if后面所表示的不是事实的话，从句谓语使用虚拟语气，表现在用一般过去时，表过去用过去完成时；例句2，wish 后跟宾语从句，表示愿望，也常用虚拟语气，表示现在的愿望用一般过去时；例句3，在某些特定动词后面的宾语从句谓语用(should) do形式。
虚拟语气 (Ⅱ)
1．would rather 之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示宁愿让别人做某事。
(1)用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。
I’d rather you went home now.
我宁愿让你现在就回家。
Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.
明天别来，我宁愿你下个周末来。
讲解归纳
(2)用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。
I’d rather you hadn’t done that.
我真希望你没做过那件事。
2．在动词wish后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句中的谓语动词有以下三种形式：
用法 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式 例句
表示目前不可能实现的愿望 动词过去式(be用were) I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。
表示过去不可能实现的愿望 had＋动词的?ed形式 She wished she had stayed at home.她当时要是留在家里就好了。
用法 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式 例句
表示将来不可能实现的愿望 would/could＋动词原形 I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.我希望你不要再抽烟了。
3.(1)当主句的谓语动词为表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，如suggest(建议)，propose(提议)，recommend(建议)，move(提议)，advise(建议)，insist(坚持要求)，ask(要求)，require，request(要求)，demand，desire，order，command(命令)，decide，intend(打算)，prefer(宁愿)，urge(催促)时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”(should可省略)。
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.
我建议我们今晚开个会。
They insisted that he (should) begin the work at once.
他们坚持让他立刻开始工作。
He ordered that all people (should)take part in the work.
他下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。
He asked that he (should) be given an opportunity to try.
他要求给他一个尝试的机会。
I move that the money (should) be used for books.
我提议把这笔钱用于买书。
They urged that we (should) take action on this matter immediately.
他们极力主张我们对这件事立即采取行动。
注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持声称”时，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
(2)在句型“It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句”中，当过去分词为“suggested，ordered，desired，
insisted，required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged”等时，从句中要用“should＋动词原形”(should可省略)。
It is desired that everyone(should) get everything ready by tonight.
要求每一个人在今晚之前要将一切准备好。
It is requested that Miss Zhang (should) give a performance at the party.
请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。
(3)在表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词，如advice，order，request，requirement，suggestion，command，necessity，importance，idea，plan，motion(提议)，proposal(建议)，recommendation(建议)，understanding(协议)等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should＋动词原形”(should可省略)。
I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.
我提出了我们下星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)
His suggestion that the meeting(should)be held in this room has been accepted.
他的关于在这个房间召开会议的建议被采纳了。(同位语从句)
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.
我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)
4．(1)在句型“It is/was＋形容词＋that从句”中，当形容词为“important，necessary，strange，natural，essential，urgent(紧要的)，proper(适当的)，appropriate(合适的)”等时，从句中要用“should＋动词原形”(should可省略)。
It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。
It is strange that he(should)refuse your help.
他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。
(2)在句型“It is/was＋名词＋that从句”中，当名词为“a pity，a shame，no wonder”等时，从句中谓语动词表示过去的动作，要用“should＋动词原形”，should表示出人意料，常译成“竟然”。
It is a great pity that he should be so selfish.
真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。
(3)在句型“It is(high)time＋(that)从句”中，从句中需用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形(should不可省)，表示“现在该做某事了”。
It is(high)time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。
还可表示为：It is time for sb.to do sth.。
到了某人该做某事的时候了。
5．由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时，意思是“好像”，这时从句中常用虚拟语气。其从句谓语动词用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反。
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.
那位老师对待那个学生就像对待自己的孩子。
注意：如果说话人讲的事与事实相符。as if从句中用陈述语气。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.看起来要下雨了。
6．if only引导的感叹句，表示“如果……就好了”，可使用虚拟语气，也可用于陈述语气。
If only I had taken her advice last week.
＝ I wish I had taken her advice last week.
如果上星期我听从她的建议就好了。
If only he comes early.但愿他早点来。
注意：only if引导条件句，表示“只有”；only起到强调作用。
语法专练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Our teacher has loved us as if we
________________(be)her children.
答案：were
2．He suggested that a meeting
________________(hold)to discuss the issue.
答案：(should)be held
3．If only I ________________(meet)that film star yesterday.
答案：had met
4．My idea is that we ________________(think)it over before accepting it.
答案：should think
5．Your pale face suggests that you ________________(be)ill.
答案：are
6．I would rather they ________________(not hear)of the news.
答案：hadn’t heard
7．She speaks English so fluently as if she ________________(study)English in America.
答案：had studied
8．It is necessary that he
________________(send)there immediately.
答案：(should)be sent
9．I wish I ________________(know)what is happening there in his room.
答案：knew
10．The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________________(raise)by 15 percent.
答案：(should) be raised
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2010年高考江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he ________ more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
解析：选B。would rather后接从句时后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，用动词的过去式。
2．The doctor recommended that you________ swim after eating a large meal.
A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t
C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。recommend，suggest，demand等后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用should＋do，should可以省略。故这里选D项。
3．—My uncle suggests I ________ abroad.
—I would rather you ________ at home.
A．go；stay B．went；stayed
C．go；stayed D．went；stay
解析：选C。suggest当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是should＋动词原形，should可以省略。would rather后跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处用过去时。
4．Your advice that she ________ till next week is reasonable.
A．will wait B．is going to wait
C．waits D．wait
解析：选D。advice后跟的同位语从句中应用虚拟语气，即(should)do，故选D。
5．It is required that you ________ at six.
A．will arrive B．arrive
C．arrived D．would arrive
解析：选B。在It is required that句型中，require表示“要求”，that从句谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
6．—Don’t you think it necessary that he________to Miami but to New York
—I agree，but the problem is________he has refused to.
A．will not be sent；that
B．not be sent；that
C．should not be sent；what
D．should not send；what
解析：选B。句意为：“你不认为不把他送往迈阿密而送往纽约很有必要吗？”“我同意，但问题是他已经拒绝了。”第一个空应是表示建议的虚拟语气，动词形式用should＋do/be done，should可省略，此处根据句意，应用被动语态；第二个空考查表语从句的引导词，引导词本身无意义，只起引导作用，应用that。
7．But for their help，we________the program in time.
A．can not finish
B．will not finish
C．had not finished
D．could not have finished
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。but for 相当于without，可以用if引导的非真实性条件句替换。由句意可知，这里表达的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用could not ＋have done，表示“过去不可能做了某事”。
8．—Are you sure he is able to do the job well
—________he would give his mind to it.
A．In case B．Until
C．If only D．Unless
解析：选C。句意为：“你能保证他能很好地完成这项工作吗？”“只要他能全身心地投入进去。”if only意为“只要”，常引导虚拟语气，表示一种更有礼貌的愿望。in case 万一；until 直到；unless 除非，均不合题意。
9．—Robin told me that he would leave tonight.
—What a pity！My brother wishes that he________with him for a chat.
A．can stay B．will stay
C．had stayed D．would stay
解析：选D。句意为：“罗宾告诉我他今晚就要离开了。”“真遗憾！我弟弟希望他留下来和他聊天。”wish后面的宾语从句常用过去时态表示虚拟。根据题意，是对将来的虚拟，因此用了would stay。had stayed表示希望某事已经发生了，不合题意。故D为正确选项。
10．Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ yesterday.
A．was happening B．happens
C．has happened D．happened
解析：选D。句意为：伊莱扎能把一切事情都记得很清楚，就像发生在昨天一样。as if引导的从句中常用虚拟语气表达与事实相反的情况，尽管此处有yesterday，但它并不是普通意义上的“昨天”，所以此处用一般过去时表示虚拟。
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
请用英语写一篇120～150词的短文，简要描述漫画内容，并结合生活实际，就漫画主题发表感想，题目自拟。
参考词汇：义务劳动voluntary labor观念；outlook
【要点词汇】
1．全心全意 ________________
2．劳动力________________
3．义务劳动________________
4．奉献于________________
5．个人利益________________
6．赚钱________________
7．劳动观念________________
8．生产________________
答案：1.heart and soul 2.labor force 3.voluntary labor 4.be devoted to 5.personal interests 6.earn money 7.labor viewpoint 8.produce
【句式结构】
1．这幅漫画很容易理解。
The cartoon is ______________________.
答案：very easy to understand
2．从图画中，我们可以看到……
We can see __________________ that...
答案：in the picture
3．在当前形势下，很难找到工作。
It is difficult to find work
______________________.
答案：in the present situation
4．每种工作都有其自身的价值。
Every kind of job ____________________.
答案：has its own value
【连句成篇】
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
New Outlook
We can see in the picture that one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labor ，but the other feels it very funny，saying，“Aren’t you kidding me Times have changed and doing voluntary labor is already out of date.”
It is true that with the development of economy，many people have become rich.
However，with their wallets full，some people have changed their outlook on value ，laying too much emphasis on nothing but money and personal interests.At one time，serving the people heart and soul was glorious，but now it is being constantly laughed at.
In my opinion，spiritual civilization is as important as material civilization.Nowadays，the government advocates setting up a harmonious society.Therefore，people should reply to the call with action.If everyone does a little bit for others and the society，our world will be a much better one.
【类文点津】
这种作文主要是给出某一种简单的情景或漫画，然后要求大家根据提供的情景或漫画，进行思维和联想，写一段合理的接续文字或写一篇文章发表一下自己的看法。高考英语的书面表达所选题材内容都非常贴近实际，与中学生生活密切相关，趋向社会热点、焦点问题，让我们有话可说。使我们言之有物。写这类文章需要注意下列事项：
1．所写的短文必须能够切中题意，文理通顺，语言准确、得当，根据题目要求，选用正确的时态和人称，力求体现“写事表达和传递信息的交际能力”。
2．必须先理解图画或所给情景的含义，明确主题，然后根据主题搭建写作提纲，组句成文。
3．不要单纯地描写或记叙，而要发表自己对一个问题或主题的看法和评论。
4．所写内容要新颖、健康、乐观向上，符合逻辑、合情合理，不可以根据自己的随意想象乱写。
词语串串练
In September,1939，Germany ①invaded and ②occupied Poland，which marked the beginning of the Second World War. The War ③lasted for about 7 years.Later，many countries，including Britain，④declared war on Germany.Numerous ⑤privates sacrificed.⑥Despite this，the ⑦survivors still think their ⑧sacrifice and efforts ⑨worthwhile.
The most important and ⑩memorable battle of the war was Operation Overlord.The situation at Omaha Beach where American troops landed was so bad that its commander even thought about abandoning the operation. To our great astonishment， eventually，the soldiers made a breakthrough with great courage and the D-Day landing was successful.
During the landing，some soldiers drowned in the deep water，others wounded by the bullets or shells. Fortunately，some soldiers were picked up. When some old soldiers think of the scene now，they still feel shocked and frightened. On 6 June,2004，survivors with different nationalities of the D-Day landing returned to France to watch the cemetery and memorial overlooking Omaha Beach to remember their lost comrades.
In this cruel war，a man must be remembered. He was Winston Churchill—a well-known statesman，politician and the British Prime Minister during most of the Second World War. When German war planes dropped bombs on London，he encouraged Londoners not to give in. When British army had to retreat，he said they wouldn’t surrender. Until now，his famous words are still remembered and quoted.
Nowadays，most people long for peace and condemn war. Peace is the very thing that most countries have been after.
1939年9月德国入侵并占领了波兰，这标志着第二次世界大战的开始。二战大约持续了7年。后来许多国家，包括英国，都向德国宣战。无数的士兵牺牲了。尽管如此，幸存者仍认为他们的牺牲和努力是值得的。
这场战争中最重要和最
难忘的战役是霸王行动。
美国军队登陆的奥马哈海滩形势非常糟糕，以至于指挥官都想放弃这次行动。
令我们感到非常吃惊的是，最后士兵们用他们的巨大的勇气取得了突破，D日登陆成功了。在这次登陆中，一些士兵在深水中被淹死，一些被子弹或炮弹击中负伤。幸运地是，有些士兵被救起。当一些老士兵回想起当时的情景时，他们依旧感到震惊和恐惧。在2004年6月6号，D日登陆的不同国籍的幸存者回到法国去参观俯视奥马哈海滩的公墓和纪念碑以怀念他们阵亡的战友。
在这场残酷的战争中，有一个人必须记住。他就是温斯顿·丘吉尔，一位著名的政治家、政客和二战时期大部分时间的英国首相。当德国的战斗机往伦敦扔炸弹时，他鼓励伦敦人不要屈服；当英国军队不得不撤退时，他说他们决不会投降。直到现在他的这些著名的话还被记起和引用。
现在大多数人渴望和平谴责战争。和平是大多数国家追求的东西。
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谢谢使用(共86张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Vocabulary and Reading，Reading Practice
& Cultural Corner
重点难点探究
Section Ⅲ
速效提能演练
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 At 4 p．m.on 7 September 1940,348 German war planes began to drop bombs on London.
在1940年9月7日下午4点，348架德国战斗机开始在伦敦上空扔炸弹。
品味经典
①Medical supplies are being dropped into the stricken area.
正在向灾区空投医药用品。
自我探究
drop用作及物动词，意为“扔下，投下”。
归纳拓展
②The cost of living seems to drop.
生活费用似乎降低了
③Please drop in any time you like.
欢迎随时来访。
④“Maybe I should drop out，” I thought as I moved on.However，I decided to keep going.
“也许我该放弃，”我边跑边想。但我还是决定继续跑下去。
⑤The water dropped down slowly.
水慢慢地滴下来。
⑥A few drops of rain landed on the roof.
几滴雨水落在屋顶上。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)我曾想路过时就来看看你。
I thought I’d ______________ you while I was passing.
(2)她得到了剑桥大学的奖学金，但一年后退学了。
She got a scholarship to Cambridge but ____________ a year later.
答案：(1)drop in on (2)dropped out
品味经典
2 Which paragraph contains the writer’s personal view of the film
哪一段包含了作者对这部电影的个人看法？
①In my view，he’s a fool.
在我看来，他是个傻瓜。
②While climbing the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
爬山时，我们享受着温暖的阳光，欣赏着美丽的风景。
③My view of the stage was blocked by the big hat of the woman sitting in front of me.
坐在我前面的妇女头上的大帽子挡住了我的视野，使我看不见舞台。
自我探究
view用作名词，意为“观点(＝opinion)；风景；视野”。
归纳拓展
④In my view，you need to think about it carefully before taking actions.
以我的观点，采取行动之前你有必要仔细考虑一下这个问题。
⑤Persuasive writing is about changing somebody else’s point of view.
劝说文是劝说别人改变观点的文体。
⑥You’ll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.
你将一览这个飞速发展中的城市。
牛刀小试
Although I like the appearance of the house，what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ________ through the window.
A．vision B．look
C．picture D．view
解析：选D。“虽然我喜欢这房子的外观，但真正让我决定购买它的原因是透过窗子所看到的美丽景色。”view“风景，视野”。
3 Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti?war film and also a story of courage and sacrifice.
《拯救大兵瑞恩》是一部令人难忘的反战电影，也是一个关于勇敢和牺牲的故事。
品味经典
①He would never walk again but he started a new life with great courage!
他再也不能走路了，但是他勇敢地开始了新的生活！
②He has the courage to speak up.
他有勇气说出自己的意见。
③Trevor showed great courage when he saved the child from the burning house.
特雷弗在烈火中把孩子从屋里抢救出来时表现得非常英勇。
④Failure is the mother of success.Keep up your courage!
失败是成功之母，鼓起你的勇气来！
自我探究
courage是不可数名词，意为“勇气，胆量”。常用短语有：
Keep up courage鼓起勇气
lose courage丧失勇气
with courage勇敢地
gather courage鼓起勇气
have the courage to do...有勇气做……
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
完成句子
鼓起勇气，你一定会成功的。
______________________ and you’ll succeed in time.
答案：Keep up your courage
4 But the villagers treated us like heroes，and for a brief moment，I felt that all the fear and danger had been worthwhile.
但是村民们把我们当成英雄来对待，一时间，我觉得所有的恐怖和危险都是值得的。
品味经典
①I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.
我觉得有必要澄清事情的真相。
②However，the evening makes it all worthwhile.
但是到傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。
③Nursing is a very worthwhile career.
护理工作是很值得干的职业。
④It’s worthwhile to discuss the problem again.
这个问题值得再讨论一下。
自我探究
worthwhile是形容词，意为“值得做的”，可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。
易混辨析
worthwhile，worth，worthy
worthwhile adj.值得做的，有价值的，有用的 It is worthwhile doing/to do... 做某事是值得的 可作前置定语，如a worthwhile job值得做的工作
worth n.价值，财产adj.值钱的，值得 sth.is worth money/doing某物值多少钱/某事值得做
不可作前置定语
worthy adj.有价值的，值得的，可敬的 be worthy of sth./doing... 值得(做) be worthy to do值得做 可作前置定语，如a worthy man可敬的人，a worthy cause高尚的事业
⑤It wasn’t worthwhile/worth continuing with the project.
不值得继续进行这个项目。
⑥Tickets for a good concert are worth waiting for.
好音乐会的门票值得等。
⑦Her achievements are worthy of the highest praise.
她的成就值得给予最高赞赏。
牛刀小试
一句多译
这个问题值得讨论一下。
(1)________________________________________
(2)________________________________________
(3)________________________________________________________________________
(4)________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)It is worthwhile to discuss the problem.
(2)It is worthwhile discussing the problem.
(3)It is worth discussing the problem.
(4)The problem is worthy to be discussed.
5 But Churchill encouraged people that this was only a temporary defeat...
但是丘吉尔鼓励人们说这只是个暂时的失败……
品味经典
①Her work encouraged many other women to become doctors.
她的工作激励了许多女性成为医生。
②Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points.
应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长来选择职业。
自我探究
encourage是及物动词，意为“鼓励，鼓舞”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
归纳拓展
③With her encouragement，I decided to seize the opportunity...
在她的鼓励下，我决定抓住这次机会……
④Their words were a great encouragement to me.
他们的话对我是极大的鼓励。
⑤Parents should discourage their children from smoking.
做父母的应该劝孩子不要吸烟。
牛刀小试
My adviser encouraged________a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A．for me taking B．me taking
C．for me to take D．me to take
解析：选D。本题考查动词的用法。根据动词encourage的用法，表示“鼓励某人做某事”应该使用encourage sb.to do sth.结构。
6 The UN couldn’t stop a terrible civil war in the African state of Rwanda in 1995，despite warnings of the dangers from nearby states.
1995年联合国没能制止非洲国家卢旺达境内的严重内战，尽管周边国家发出了危险警告。
品味经典
①Joe is a good basketball player despite being short and stout.
尽管又矮又胖，乔依然是一个优秀的篮球运动员。
②Despite all our efforts，we still lost the game.
尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。
③She was good at physics，despite the fact that she found it boring.
尽管她觉得物理很枯燥，但还是学得很好。
自我探究
despite是介词，意为“不管；不顾；尽管”。后跟名词或v.? ing形式，也可用despite the fact that 从句结构。
despite＝in spite of “不管，不顾，尽管”，为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句，主要指“除……外，不管”。
regardless of 为介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句，侧重于表示“对……熟视无睹，置若罔闻”。
although 为连词，“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首。
易混辨析
④In spite of great efforts，we failed to carry our plans through.
尽管我们做出了巨大努力，但还是没能完成计划。
⑤He went ahead and did it，regardless of the consequences.
他说干就干了，没有考虑后果。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)不管别人怎么说，我认为这部电影很好看。
____________ what others say，I think this film is very good.
(2)尽管我们的学校很小，但它很美。
My school is very beautiful ________________ that it is small.
(3)尽管天气不好，飞机还是起飞了。
________ the weather was bad，the plane took off.
答案：(1)In spite of/Despite (2)in spite of the fact
(3)Although
7 I have nothing to offer but blood，toil，tears and sweat.
我没有别的，只有鲜血、辛苦、眼泪和汗水可以付出。
句型巧析
品味经典
①There was nothing but a card in it.
里面只有一张卡。
②He could do nothing but go to the teacher for advice.
他只有去找老师请教。
③I wanted nothing but to get my share of pay.
我什么都不要，只要我该得的那份工资。
自我探究
句中的nothing but意为“只不过是；除了……都没有”。否定词(no，not，little，nothing，none，nobody等)与but，beyond，except等连用，是一种否定句，是表达肯定含义的修饰手法，用来加强语气。
nothing but 还可以表示“除……之外别无……”，后面接动词时，表示“只有做”，but后面的动词不定式符号to的使用与否取决于前面的句子。如果句子前面有实义动词do及其变化形式时，不定式不带to，否则不定式带to。
归纳拓展
There is nothing to do but do sth.只得做某事
can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
have no choice but...除了……别无选择
④I had no choice but to accept his demand.
除了接受他的要求，我别无选择。
⑤I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.
恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘出租车了。
⑥Sometimes you just can’t help doing something special，though.
但是有时候你就会忍不住做些特别的事。
Last evening I did nothing but________my farm tools.
A．repair B．repairing
C．to repair D．repaired
解析：选A。如果句子前面有实义动词do及其变化形式时，不定式不带to。
8 Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.
在人类战争史上，从来也没有一次像这样，以如此少的兵力，取得如此大的成功，保护如此多的众生。
品味经典
①Never before have I seen such a moving film.
我以前从未看过如此感人的影片。
②Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.
我认为天黑前不可能结束那项工作。
③Nowhere could he find the book he wanted.
无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。
④Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来，我们才吃晚饭。
自我探究
否定副词never，nor，not，not only，hardly，little，seldom等置于句首，句子倒装，将谓语的一部分提前置于主语之前。
牛刀小试
(2010年高考四川卷)We laugh at jokes，but seldom ________ about how they work.
A．we think B．think we
C．we do think D．do we think
解析：选D。考查倒装。“seldom/no/little/never”等否定副词放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
At 4 p．m. on 7 September 1940,348 German war planes began to drop bombs on London.The attack lasted for two hours. Two hours later，a second group of planes arrived. The second attack lasted until 4∶30 a．m.the following morning. London was bombed every day for the next 57 days and the attacks continued into the following year.
译文助读
The attacks were known as the Blitz (from the German word Blitzkrieg，which means lightning war)．The bombing campaign lasted until May 1941.In the worst single incident,450 people were killed when a bomb destroyed a school that was an air raid shelter.After that，up to 200,000 Londoners found shelter from the bombing in underground stations.The station doors were locked，and the people had to break the chains on the doors in order to get in.
Saving Private Ryan(1998)
A review by Jenny Carter，aged 15
Saving Private Ryan is a film which was directed by Steven Spielberg.The two main characters are Captain John Miller，played by Tom Hanks，and Private James Ryan，played by Matt Damon.
James Ryan is the fourth brother to be involved in the Second World War.
His three brothers have already been killed，two of them in the D-Day landings in Normandy，the other in a battle in another part of the world. Their heart broken mother receives news about all her dead sons on the same day.The US army decides to send a group of men into the French countryside to try to find the fourth brother.Captain Miller，a hero and survivor of the Omaha Beach battle，is chosen to lead the rescue team of eight men.
The film opens with a 30?minute sequence of the invasion of Normandy，probably the most violent images of war ever shown in a film.We see the full horror of war，and the chaos and senseless waste of life.
Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and sacrifice.Spielberg has made a lot of good films，but he has never made one with such a strong message.And the message is simple—We want peace; we don’t want war.
D-Day＋2
To our astonishment，just two days after we had received our confidential orders to join the D-Day landing troops，and after a day fighting and seeing many of my friends killed by the enemy，we found ourselves outside a peaceful village in France.It was so sudden，after the mess and confusion of war on the beach.
It was late afternoon，and the sun was setting on a perfect country scene of farm buildings，a main street，a few shops，a garage and a church.But we hesitated because we were aware that there might still have been enemy soldiers.Our lieutenant told Private Kowalski and me to advance and check the village.
As we entered the main street，a young woman on a tractor drove out of the garage，saw us and called out something in French.Immediately five men came out of the bar，and two more from a farmyard，holding guns.I took off my helmet and yelled，“American！Put your guns down！”They gathered round us，shouting and shaking our hands.Some women appeared and kissed us.
We soon understood that the enemy had abandoned the village，so Kowalski went back to the others to let them know it was safe. I walked into a barbershop and stroked my chin，to show I needed to shave. The barber had a magnificent moustache，which he used wax to keep in shape. He filled a tin with cold water，and took out a razor from a drawer. He used a leather sharpener on the razor，and then gave me the best shave I had had in years.Finally he picked up a pair of scissors and a comb，and cut my hair.
When the rest of our company arrived, they unloaded their baggage and bedding while the villagers brought out some jars of wine，and laid a table in the middle of the street，which they then covered with plates of potatoes and carrots，ham and sausages.Someone shouted“Cheers！”in English and we all drank to liberation and to the French constitution.Some of our boys had never tasted wine before，and spat it out，thinking it was vinegar.
We gave stockings to the women，which they loved，and in return，they gave us perfume for our girlfriends. I was too ashamed to admit that I was too young to have a girlfriend. But the villagers treated us like heroes，and for a brief moment，I felt that all the fear and danger had been worthwhile. But I also remembered my friends who had died earlier that day，and wondered if they would have agreed.
Winston Churchill’s Speeches
Winston Churchill is well?known as a statesman，politician and as the British Prime Minister during most of the Second World War.He is especially famous for his speeches which many believe made people even more determined to defeat the enemy.Many of these speeches contained lines which are remembered even today.
Churchill made one of his greatest speeches in 1940，when he was invited to become Prime Minister of Britain，and the leader of a new government.The country had been at war for over eight months，and he knew that it would suffer many great defeats before it would begin to win the war.So on 13 May 1940 he promised the House of Commons: “I would say to the House，as I said to those who have joined the Government，‘I have nothing to offer but blood，toil，tears and sweat.’”
A month later，the Germany army had advanced across northern Europe，and the British Army had retreated to the coast of the English Channel.The only escape was to cross the sea back to England. Hundreds of small boats set out from ports on the English coast to bring back the soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk in France.
But Churchill encouraged people that this was only a temporary defeat in a speech which included the words，“We shall fight on the beaches，we shall fight on the landing grounds，we shall fight in the fields and in the streets，we shall fight in the hills；we shall never surrender.”
On 18 June 1940，Churchill gave another fine speech when he drew attention to the courage of everyone defending Britain.“In years to come，”he said，“...men will say，‘This was their finest hour.’”,
在1940年9月7日下午4点，348架德国战斗机开始在伦敦上空扔(drop)炸弹(bomb)。袭击持续了两个小时。两个小时之后，又一组飞机到达了。第二次袭击一直持续到第二天凌晨4∶30。在接下来的57天伦敦每天都有爆炸并且袭击持续到第二年。
这些袭击就是有名的闪电战(源于德语单词Blitzkrieg，意思是“闪电战”)。这次轰炸行动(campaign作战行动)一直持续到1941年的5月。在最严重的一次事件中，一枚炸弹毁掉一所用来防范空袭的学校，造成450人死亡。后来，多达20万的伦敦人在地铁站(station)里找到躲避炸弹的避难所。地铁站的门已被锁上，人们不得不弄断门上的铁链(chain)才得以进入。
拯救大兵瑞恩(1998)
詹尼·卡特的一篇评论，15岁
《拯救大兵瑞恩》是由斯蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格导演的一部电影。两个主要人物是汤姆·汉克斯饰演的上尉约翰·米勒和马特·达蒙饰演的大兵詹姆斯·瑞恩。
詹姆斯·瑞恩是被卷入第二次世界大战的(一个家庭中)第四个兄弟。他的三个哥哥已经牺牲了，
其中两个牺牲于诺曼底D日登陆，另一个牺牲于另一战场的战斗中。他们伤心的母亲在同一天收到了她的所有死去儿子的消息。美军决定派一组人到法国境内去努力寻找第四个兄弟。一名奥马哈海滩战役的英雄和幸存者——上尉米勒被选去带领这支八人的拯救队伍。
电影开篇用了30分钟连续(sequence)上演诺曼底登陆时的情景，可能是电影中关于战争的最暴力的场景(image影像)。我们看到了战争的恐怖、混乱(chaos)和无辜(senseless无意义的)生命的伤亡。
《拯救大兵瑞恩》是一部令人难忘的反战电影，也是一个关于勇敢(courage)和牺牲(sacrifice)的故事。斯皮尔伯格创作了许多好电影，但他从来没有制作过像这样一部带有一个强烈寓意的电影。这个寓意很简单——我们需要和平；我们不需要战争。
D日登陆＋2
使我们吃惊的是(to one’s astonishment)，就在我们接到加入D日登陆部队的机密(confidential)命令后两天，经过一天的战斗，并亲眼目睹我的很多朋友被敌军残杀后，我们发现我们来到了一个宁静的法国村庄外面。它是那么突然，在混乱的局面(mess)之后，海岸上留下了战争的迹象。
已是傍晚，太阳正在落山，照在农场建筑物上、大街上、几个商店、车库和教堂上，勾勒出完美的乡村美景。但是我们犹豫了(并没有贸然进村)，因为我们知道或许那里还有敌兵。我们的陆军中尉告诉士兵科瓦尔斯基和我继续前进并搜查村子。
当我们进入主大街时，一个年轻妇女把拖拉机从车库开出来，看到我们并用法语大声喊着什么。立刻从酒吧里走出五个人，又从一个农家院子走出两个人，举着枪。我摘下头盔(helmet)并喊道(yell)：“美国人！把枪放下！”他们围着我们，喊叫着，握着我们的手。一些妇女跑过来吻我们。
我们很快明白了敌人已经放弃了整个村子，因此科瓦尔斯基回到其他人那里通知他们已经安全了。我走进一家理发店(barbershop)，摸了摸(stroke)我的下巴(chin)来表明我需要刮胡子(shave)。理发师蓄着漂亮的胡子(moustache)，还用蜡(wax)定了型。他装满了一罐凉水，并从抽屉里拿出剃须刀。他用一个皮磨器(sharpener)放在剃须刀(razor)上，接着给我刮胡子——这是我有生以来刮得最好的一次。最后，他拿起一把剪刀(scissors)和梳子(comb)给我理发。
当连队(company)其他人员赶到后，村民们在他们卸下(unload)行李(baggage)和铺盖时拿出几瓶(jar)葡萄酒，在街中间摆开桌子，然后在上面摆满了一盘盘的土豆、胡萝卜(carrot)、火腿和香肠。有人用英语大喊：“干杯(cheers)！”，于是我们都为解放(liberation)和法国宪法(constitution)干起了杯。一些男孩们以前从未尝过酒，都吐出来了，以为是醋(vinegar)。
我们送给妇女们她们非常喜欢的长袜(stockings)，作为回礼，她们拿出香水要我们送给女朋友。我太害羞了以致没有承认我太小了还没有女朋友。但是村民们把我们当成英雄来对待，一时间，我觉得所有的恐怖和危险都是值得的(worthwhile)。但是那天我也想起了很早牺牲的朋友，想知道他们是否也会同意我的想法。
温斯顿·丘吉尔的演讲
温斯顿·丘吉尔在二战的大部分时间都是作为政治家(statesman)、英国首相而出名。他尤其以他的演讲而出名，许多人相信他的演讲甚至让人们产生了更大的决心来打败敌人。这些演讲中的很多内容直到今天还会被记起。
1940年当他被邀请去作英国首相和新政府领袖时，丘吉尔发表了最伟大的演讲之一。英国已经应战八个多月了，他知道，在开始赢取战争之前他们会遭受许多大的失败。
因此，在1940年5月13日，他向下议院承诺：“我会对议会说，就像我对那些加入到政府工作中的人说的那样，‘我没有别的，只有鲜血、苦干(toil辛劳，辛苦)、泪水和汗水可以付出。”
一个月之后，德军已经穿过北欧继续进发，英军已经撤退(retreat)到英吉利海峡的海岸上。唯一的逃生之路就是穿过海峡回到英国。成百上千的小船从英国海岸的港口出发，把位于法国敦刻尔克海滩的士兵们接回来。
但是丘吉尔鼓励(encourage)人们这只是个临时的失败，在演讲中他说：“我们会在海滩上战斗，我们会在登陆地战斗，我们会在田地里和街道上战斗，我们会在山上战斗；我们永远不投降(surrender)。”
1940年6月18日，当丘吉尔提到每个人要有保卫英国的勇气时，又做出了另一个精彩的演讲。他说：“在不久的将来，……人们会说，‘这是他们最美好的时刻。’”
The Germans continued their attacks on Britain from the air.A small number of pilots resisted the much larger German Air Force.Germany lost many airplanes，and was forced to change their strategy.Britain was no longer threatened by an early invasion，and on 20 August 1940，he said，“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.”
In two years，Germany began to lose some important battles.After a defeat in North Africa，on 10 November 1942 he made a speech with the famous words，“Now this is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is，perhaps，the end of the beginning.”
Many people believe that Churchill’s leadership inspired people to remain brave in the face of Nazi Germany.His speeches are still remembered and quoted today，and remain some of the finest examples of spoken English.
How the United Nations Tries
to Keep the Peace
If you see soldiers wearing sky?blue helmets，they are United Nations peacekeepers.The idea of UN peacekeepers began more than 60 years ago.They were the idea of Canadian Foreign Minister Lester Pearson，who won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work.
The first UN peacekeepers were sent to the Middle East in 1948. They only went to see what was happening，and were not armed.The first armed UN peacekeepers were sent to the Middle East in 1957 when there was a disagreement between the British and Egyptian governments about the Suez Canal.
Since then，there have been more than 50 UN peacekeeping operations，many of them since the year 2000. In 2003，there were fifteen，involving nearly 37,000 personnel (soldiers and civilians)．UN peacekeepers have included soldiers and other personnel from more than 120 countries.Since 2000，most of the personnel have come from Pakistan，Bangladesh，India and Ghana.
There have also been soldiers from China，Sweden，Denmark，Norway，Finland，Canada，Ireland，Italy and Australia.During the 1990s，eastern European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic also sent personnel.
There have been many UN peacekeeping successes，but also some failures.The UN couldn’t stop a terrible civil war in the African state of Rwanda in 1995，despite warnings of the dangers from nearby states.
德军继续空袭英国。少数的飞行员抵抗更多的德国空军。德军失去了很多飞机。被迫改变战略(strategy)。英国不再受到早期入侵的威胁，在1940年8月20日，他说道：“在人类战争史上，从来没有一次像这样，以如此少的兵力取得如此大的成功，保护如此多的生命。”
两年后，德军开始在一些重要的战斗中失势。在北非战场失败后，1942年11月10日，他做了演讲，其中有句著名的话：“现在还不是结束的时候。甚至还不算是结束的开始。但可能是开始的结束。”
许多人相信丘吉尔的领导能力激励着人们面对纳粹德军仍能英勇作战。他的演讲在今天仍能被记起和引用(quote)，并且其中一些还成为口语中的经典。
联合国是怎样努力
维护和平的
如果你看见戴天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员(peacekeeper)。联合国维和人员的想法是在60多年前开始的。创建维和部队是加拿大外交部长莱斯特·皮尔逊的主意，他因此荣获诺贝尔和平奖。
1948年第一批联合国维和人员被派往中东。他们只是去考察所发生的事件，不配备(arm)武器。1957年当英国和埃及政府关于苏伊士运河发生争执(disagreement)时，第一批武装的联合国维和人员被派往中东。
自那以后，已有五十多次联合国维和行动，很多是2000年以后进行的。在2003年，有15次维和行动，涉及近37,000人(personnel)(包括士兵和平民(civilian))。
联合国维和人员包括来自120多个国家的士兵和其他人员。自从2000年以来，大部分人员来自巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、印度和加纳。也有来自中国、瑞典、丹麦、挪威、芬兰、加拿大、爱尔兰、意大利和澳大利亚的士兵。在20世纪90年代，东欧国家如波兰和捷克共和国也派出了人员。
已经有许多联合国维和成功的事件，但也有一些失败的事件。1995年联合国没能制止非洲国家卢旺达境内的严重内战，尽管(despite)周边国家发出了危险警告。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共69张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Introduction，Vocabulary and Reading &Function—Language Study
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
速效提能演练
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1 The war，which lasted until 1945，is known as the Second World War.
这场持续到1945年的战争就是第二次世界大战。
品味经典
①The hot weather will last until October.
炎热的天气将会持续到十月份。
②We have got enough food to last three days.
我们的食物足够维持3天。
③He’s making a big effort now，and I hope it lasts.
现在他正加紧努力，我希望他能坚持下去。
④This pair of shoes will last at least a year.
这双鞋至少可以穿一年
自我探究
last用作动词，意为“持续；维持；耐久”。后面直接跟表示一般时间的词，一般不使用介词for，跟until/till 意为“持续到……”。
易混辨析
last，continue
(1)last着重指持续的时间相当长，超过正常的或所期望的时间。
(2)continue多指过程，强调持续而不间断。
⑤The project lasted 4 years and cost 1 billion dollars.
这项工程历时四年，耗资十亿美元。
⑥He needs to earn enough money to continue his studies.
他需要挣足够的钱来继续他的学业。
牛刀小试
The performance________nearly three hours，but few people left the theatre early.
A．covered B．reached
C．played D．lasted
解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：尽管演出持续了将近3个小时，但还是很少有人提前离开。last 有“持续”之意。
2 During the war，Germany occupied many countries，including France.
二战中，德国侵占了包括法国在内的许多国家。
品味经典
①The table is already occupied.
这桌位已经有人占了。
②Why does man occupy all the territories of wildlife
人为什么要占领所有的动植物领地？
③Soccer occupies most of my leisure time.
足球占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
自我探究
occupy是及物动词，意为“占领；占据”。
归纳拓展
④Many problems occupied his mind.
他脑子里装着许多问题。
⑤I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
工作太忙，我一直没时间参加社交活动。
⑥The workers were occupied in building new houses.
工人们正在忙着盖新房子。
⑦He occupied himself in writing a book.
他正忙于写一本书。
⑧He has no fixed occupation.
他没有固定的职业。
⑨He left the house after ten years’ occupation of it.
他在那所房子里住了10年后搬走了。
(2011年抚顺高二检测)Linda________ the work of decorating her house.
A．is covered with B．is buried with
C．busy with D．is occupied with
解析：选D。句意：琳达忙于装饰房子的工作。be covered with“被……覆盖”；be buried in“埋头于”；be busy with“忙于”；be occupied with“忙于”。B和C都有词汇和语法上的错误。根据题意选D。
牛刀小试
3 The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that the US army commanders thought about abandoning the invasion.
奥马哈海滩的形势非常严峻，以至于美军司令官都考虑放弃进攻了。
品味经典
①Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of driving.
由于有雾，他们放弃了开车的想法。
②The driver abandoned his car in the snow.
司机把汽车抛在雪地里。
③When the train started，we abandoned our game.
火车开动时，我们停止了游戏。
④He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.
自我探究
他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。
abandon是及物动词，意为“放弃，抛弃”。
归纳拓展
⑤He abandoned himself to despair.他陷入绝望中。
⑥We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
我们看到了一百多年前建起的已经废弃了的农场。
abandon，desert
abandon 强调“完全，永远地遗弃”，尤其指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物
desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”，指“抛弃自己的义务”。
⑦In his early days，he abandoned medicine for literature.
他早年弃医学文。
⑧The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.
那个士兵背叛祖国帮助敌人。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)很多人想收养这个被父母遗弃的小女孩。
Many people want to adopt the little girl ________ by her parents.
(2)他沉溺于无尽的网络游戏里。
He ________________ the endless computer games.
答案：(1)abandoned
(2)abandons himself to/is abandoned to
4 Six men drowned before help arrived.
六人在救援到来之前被淹死。
品味经典
①He fell over board and (was)drowned.
他从船上掉入水中淹死了。
②He would have drowned if I had not instantly fished him out.
要不是我立即把他捞了上来，他就淹死了。
自我探究
drown既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，意为“淹死；使溺死”。
归纳拓展
③Two boys fell into the river.One drowning boy was saved by people，but the other boy was drowned.
两个孩子落入水中，其中一个溺水男孩被人们救起，但另一个却被淹死了。
牛刀小试
The ________(正在溺水的)kid is almost ________(淹死)．Some soldiers are making every effort to rescue him.
答案：drowning；drowned
5 Twenty men fell into the water and were picked_up by other boats.
20名战士落水后被其他船只上的人救起。
品味经典
①We’ll send an ambulance to pick him up.
我们要派一辆救护车去接他。
②I’d really like to pick up Grandpa at the railroad station.
我真想去火车站接爷爷。
自我探究
pick up 是及物动词短语，意为“停下来让某人搭车(船等)；救起”，代词作宾语时，要放在两个词之间。
归纳拓展
③Kathy picked up a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
凯西和当地的孩子一起玩耍的时侯学会了很多西班牙语。
④I don’t want Roger to pick up any bad habits of speech.
我不想让罗杰养成不良的说话习惯。
⑤She kept picking up magazines and putting them down again.
她不停地拿起杂志又放下它们。
⑥This little radio can pick up a lot of English programs.
这台小收音机能够接收许多英语节目。
⑦The train was gradually picking up speed.
火车在渐渐加速。
⑧The market picks up in spring.
一到春天，市场就活跃起来了。
牛刀小试
(2010年高考山东卷)Sam ________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A．brought up B．looked up
C．picked up D．set up
解析：选C。“Sam只是凭借着观察别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”pick up意为“偶尔学到”。
6 Many of the men were either killed or wounded by machine gun fire.
许多人被机关枪的火力射死或射伤。
品味经典
①In a war，there are many more wounded than killed.
在一场战争中，受伤的远比死亡的多。
②The soldier was wounded in the arm.
这个战士的胳膊受伤了。
自我探究
wound是及物动词，意为“使受伤”。表示伤在某个地方，要用wound sb.＋介词in/on＋身体部位。
归纳拓展
③The soldier received a serious wound on the chest.
这名士兵胸部受了重伤。
④Many of the wounded died on their way to hospital.
许多伤员死在了去医院的途中。
易混辨析
hurt，wound，injure
hurt 指感情或自尊心上的伤害，也指人身体上受了小伤。
wound 指用利器或子弹对肉体造成的故意伤害，常与作战及战争有关。
injure 主要用于较为严重的受伤情况，如由机器造成的或在运动中受到的伤害。
⑤She was more frightened than hurt.
与其说她受了伤害倒不如说她受了惊吓。
⑥The guard was wounded in the arm.
护卫员的胳膊受伤了。
⑦He was badly injured in an accident.
他在一次事故中受重伤。
牛刀小试
While crossing the road，an old man was knocked down by a car and badly________.
A．wounded B．ruined
C．injured D．harmed
解析：选C。句意为：一位老人在过马路时，被汽车撞倒，伤势严重。ruin使毁灭，使成为废墟；wound指被刀、枪等弄伤；injure指在事故中受伤；harm对……有害。
7 Age shall not weary them，nor the years condemn.
年华不能使他们厌倦，岁月也不会让他们愧疚。
品味经典
①The papers were to condemn him for his mistake.
报纸打算指责他的错误。
②She was found guilty and condemned to be shot.
她被判有罪，处以枪决。
③We all condemned the needless waste of food.
我们都反对不必要的粮食浪费。
④The law is condemned as an attack on personal liberty.
这项法律被指责为对人身自由的侵犯。
自我探究
Condemn用作动词，意为“责难，谴责”，常用结构有：
condemn sb./sth.as 某事物/某人被指责为
condemn sb.for (doing) sth.因……而指责某人
condemn sb.to death判处某人死刑
牛刀小试
(2011年临沂高二检测)Any nation that interferes(干预)in the internal(国内的) affairs of another nation should be universally ________.
A．blamed B．scolded
C．punished D．condemned
解析：选D。句意“任何干扰别国内政的国家都应该受到普遍的谴责。”
8 When Boat 5 was hit by a shell，most of the men were rescued from the water.
当第五艘船被一发炮弹击中时，大多数人被从水中救了上来。
品味经典
①Hundreds of people are still in water，waiting to be rescued.
数以百计的人们仍在水中等待救援。
②He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.
他从桥上跳入水中去救那个溺水的儿童。
③You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
是你给我解了围。
自我探究
rescue用作及物动词，意为“解救，营救”。表示“从……救出某人”用rescue sb.from...。
归纳拓展
④Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
一些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。
⑤The failing company is hoping international banks will come to the rescue.
就要破产的公司希望国际银行能来救援。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)他在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子时身亡。
He died trying to ________ his child ________ the big fire.
(2)昨天救援队继续寻找12名失踪者。
________ teams were continuing to search for the 12 missing men yesterday.
答案：(1)rescue；from (2)Rescuing
9 The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats.
这次登陆行动异常危险，很多士兵还没来得及下船就牺牲了。
句型巧析
品味经典
①The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won in the end.
美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利。
②It won’t be long before we meet again.
没多长时间我们就会见面了。
③—Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting
——你为什么没有告诉他这次会议呢？
—He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.
——我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间。
④It was evening before we reached the little town of Winchester.
我们到达小镇Winchester之前就已经是傍晚时分了。
⑤He made a mistake，but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.
他出了差错，但没等其进一步恶化，他就调整了局势。
自我探究
before用作连词时，意思是“在……之前”。其实，它引导状语从句时，在不同的句式中以及汉英表达习惯中，before含有不同的含义和用法。
(1)表示“在……之后……才”。副词“才”在汉语中强调某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。
(2)表示“……还没来得及……就……”。目的在于强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已发生。
(3)表示“在……之前就……”。这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。
(4)表示“趁……”，“等到……”，或“没等……就……”等。
牛刀小试
A dozen ideas were considered ______ the chief architect decided on the design of the building.
A．because B．before
C．whether D．unless
解析：选B。本题考查时间状语从句。意为“在……之前”，故选B。
10 The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked.
幸存者躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。
品味经典
①Crusoe stared at the footprint，full of fear.
＝Crusoe，who was full of fear，stared at the footprint.
克鲁索两眼死盯着脚印看，内心充满着恐惧。
②Angry at the girl oversleeping，Mr.Green went down to wake her up.
＝Mr.Green went down to wake up the girl because he was angry with her for oversleeping.
格林先生下去叫醒她，是因为她睡过了头惹恼了他。
③Enthusiastic，they are quite cooperative.
＝When / If they are enthusiastic，they are cooperative.
他们热心时是很愿意合作的。
④Wet or fine，he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
＝ Whether it was wet or fine，he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。
⑤For a moment she just stood there，unable to believe what had just happened.
她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
⑥Worse still，the lion could even carry off the baby with its mouth.
更糟糕的是，狮子甚至能把婴儿叼走。
自我探究
此处exhausted and shocked为过去分词用作形容词，作状语。形容词除了可以作定语、表语或补语外，还可以在句中作状语，具有副词的功能。形容词作状语用时，一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末或句中。
牛刀小试
After the long journey，the three of them went back home，________.
A．hungry and tiredly
B．hungry and tired
C．hungrily and tiredly
D．hungrily and tired
解析：选B。此处用形容词作状语，表示went back home 时的状态。
The D-Day Landings—Passage 1
In September 1939，Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. The war, which lasted until 1945，is known as the Second World War.During the war，Germany occupied many countries，including France.The most important battle of the war in Europe was Operation Overlord，the military operation in 1944 to invade France.
译文助读
Operation Overlord started when boats full of soldiers landed on the beaches of Normandy in France，known as the D?Day landings. More than 5,000 ships crossed the English Channel，carrying 130,000 troops to the French coast.
Troops from the United States，Britain and Canada took part in the D?Day landings.The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats.American soldiers attempted to land at the most dangerous place，known as Omaha Beach.
The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that the US army commanders thought about abandoning the invasion. Eventually，the soldiers made a breakthrough and the D-Day landings were successful. It was the beginning of the end of the Second World War.
Operation Overlord started as a story of danger and confusion and ended as a story of bravery and acts of heroism.
The D-Day Landings—Passage 2
The soldiers of Able Company crossed the English Channel in seven boats early on the morning of 6 June 1944.When they were about 5 kilometres from the beach，the Germans started firing artillery shells at them but the boats were too far away.The Germans continued firing and Boat 5 was hit one kilometre from the beach.Six men drowned before help arrived.
Twenty men fell into the water and were picked up by other boats.As a result，they missed the fighting on the beach.They were lucky.If they had reached the beach，they would probably have been killed.
When Boat 3 was a few metres from the beach，the soldiers jumped out，but the water was so deep that some of them disappeared under the water.Many of the men were either killed or wounded by machine gun fire.
The soldiers on Boat 1 and Boat 4 jumped into the water，but it was too deep and most of them drowned.Half an hour after the first attack，two thirds of the company(a company is a group of about 100 soldiers) were dead. The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked.
After an hour and forty-five minutes，six of the survivors tried to climb up the cliff to get off the beach. Four were too exhausted to reach the top. The other two，Private Jake Shefer and Private Thomas Lovejoy，joined a group from another company and fought with them. Two men.Two rifles. This was Able Company’s contribution to D-Day.
The D-Day Landings—Passage 3
On 6 June 2004，survivors of the D-Day landings from many different countries returned to France to remember their lost comrades.Many of them went to the cemetery and memorial which overlooks Omaha Beach.
The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff overlooking the beach and the English Channel, from where the boats attempted their landings.
The cemetery contains the graves of 9,386 Americans who died during the landings.The memorial also contains the names of more than 1,500 men who were never found.
On the memorial，there is part of a poem called“For the Fallen”，which was written by an English poet，Lawrence Binyon：
They shall not grow old，as we that are left grow old.
Age shall not weary them，nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
We will remember them.
The poem was first published in The Times newspaper on 14 September 1914 and can be seen on war memorials in many parts of the world.
D日登陆——文章1
1939年9月，英国在德国入侵波兰后向德国宣战(declare war on)。这场持续(last)到1945年的战争就是第二次世界大战。二战中，德国侵占(occupy)了包括法国在内的许多国家。1944年进军法国的“霸王行动”(operation)是第二次世界大战中欧洲战场最重要的军事战役。
“霸王行动”开始于D日登陆，当日，满载盟军士兵的战船在法国诺曼底海滩(beach)登陆。
五千多艘战船装载着13万人的军队(troop)穿越英吉利海峡抵达法国海岸。
美国、英国和加拿大的军队参加了D日登陆。这次登陆行动异常危险，很多士兵还没来得及下船就牺牲了。美军士兵试图在最危险的奥马哈海滩登陆。
奥马哈海滩的形势非常严峻，以至于美军司令官都考虑放弃(abandon)进攻了。最终(eventually)，登陆战士取得了重大突破(make a breakthrough)，D日登陆得以告捷。这是二战结束的前奏。
“霸王行动”以惊险和混乱开始，以英勇和无畏(heroism英雄主义)结束。
D日登陆——文章2
1944年6月6日清晨，A连的战士们乘坐七艘战船横渡英吉利海峡。当船只离海滩5,000米时，他们遭到了德军炮火(artillery shell)的轰击，但由于距离太远而没有被击中。在离海滩1,000米时，第五艘船被击中。6个人在救援到来之前被淹死(drown)。另外20名战士落水后被其他船只上的人救起(pick up)。结果，他们没赶上海滩上的激战。他们很幸运。要是他们抵达了海滩就很有可能没命了。
当第三艘船离海滩数米远时，战士们跳入海中，但由于海水太深(deep)，有的人沉入了海底。许多人被机关枪的火力射死或射伤(wound)。
第一和第四艘船上的战士也跳入海里，由于海水太深，大多数人都淹死了。第一次进攻开始之后半小时，该连队三分之二的将士都阵亡了(一个连大约有一百名士兵)。死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸(shocked惊骇的)。
1小时45分钟后，6名幸存的战士试图爬上悬崖，离开海滩。其中4名战士由于筋疲力尽未能攀上顶端。另两位战士——二等兵(private)杰克·谢弗和托马斯·洛夫乔伊加入了另一连队，与他们并肩作战。两名战士，两支来复枪。这就是A连对D日登陆所做出的贡献。
D日登陆——文章3
2004年6月6日，来自不同国家的D日登陆幸存者们回到法国，纪念他们阵亡的战友。他们当中有许多人去俯瞰(overlook)奥马哈海滩的公墓和纪念碑(memorial)。
墓地和纪念碑坐落在一处悬崖之上，从那里可以俯瞰海滩和英吉利海峡，当时一艘艘船只就试图从那里登陆。公墓包括9,386位美军阵亡战士的坟墓(grave)。纪念碑上还刻有一千五百多名失踪战士的名字。
纪念碑上刻着英国诗人劳伦斯·比尼恩所作诗歌《致倒下的战士》中的一节：
他们永远不会变老，当我们活着的人们都已老朽。
年华不能使他们厌倦(weary)，岁月也不会让他们愧疚(condemn责难，谴责)。
日落日出
我们缅怀他们直到永久。
这首诗最初刊载于1914年9月14日的《泰晤士报》报上，在世界许多地方的战争纪念碑(war memorial)上都能见到。
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