(共37张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．It was him that we met at the school gate.
我们在校门口见到的就是他。
2．It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
汤姆是在公园里丢的那只手表。
3．Who was it that broke the window
打破窗户的是谁？
自我探究
it用在特殊结构强调句中。
it的用法(2)
讲解归纳
it的用法 例句
强
调
句
型 强调句型的结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋句子的其他部分。 It was the monitor from Class 2 who got injured in the sports meeting.运动会上受伤的是二班的班长。
被强调的部分指人时，用who或that皆可，被强调的代词的格应与原句的格保持一致；指物时，只能用that。 It was Tom who/that I met last week.
上周我遇到的是汤姆。
it的用法 例句
强
调
句
型 被强调的部分是时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。 It was because he was ill that he could not come to school.
他是因为病了，才不能来上学的。
强调句型的一般疑问句形式是“Is/Was it...that/who...？” Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English？
教你们英语的是王教授吗？
it的用法 例句
强
调
句
型 强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...？” When is it that you will set off？你到底什么时候出发？
not...until...结构的强调句型为“It is/was not until...that...”。
注意：否定词not要转移到until前面，that后应用肯定形式。 It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才上床休息。
it的用法 例句
强
调
句
型 被强调的部分如果是原句的主语，who或that后面的谓语动词在人称和数上应和原句的主语保持一致。 It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受谴责。
强调句型以名词性从句的形式出现。 I’ve forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary. 我忘了你把词典放在哪儿了。
it的用法 例句
强
调
句
型 强调句型与定语从句相结合。 It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Harries that they did the experiment. 他们是在Harries教授管理的实验室里做那个实验的。
it的用法 例句
强
调
句
型 强调句与定语从句、状语从句等其他句型的区别：若原句去掉It is/was及that仍然通顺、语法成立，则是强调句，否则就是其他从句。 It was at the railway station that we first met 16 years ago.(强调句，强调地点状语at the railway station)
我们16年前第一次见面是在火车站。
It was the railway station where we first met 16 years ago.(定语从句，where是关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语)
这是我们16年前第一次见面的火车站。
It was clear that he didn’t agree with us.
(主语从句，that引导真正主语，it为形式主语)
很显然，他不同意我们的观点。
语法专练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．John’s success has nothing to do with good luck.________________________(是多年的努力)has made him what he is today.(work)
答案：It is years of hard work that
2．—I’ve read another book this week.
—Well，maybe it is ________________________(不是你看了多少，而是看了什么)that counts.(what)
答案：not how much you read but what you read
3．It was ________________________(直到他回来)from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.(come)
答案：not until he came back
4．Mr.Green didn’t understand ________________________(是什么)made his daughter so absent?minded this morning.(what)
答案：what it was that
5．—________________________(是如何)you got to know I traveled to the USA
—Through one of your colleagues.(how)
答案：How was it that
6．It’s on the festival occasions ________________________(一家人在一起的时候)he missed his late father.(together)
答案：when the family get together that
7．They couldn’t say ________________________(是什么事情)troubled them.(what)
答案：what it was that
8．On the contrary，I think it is Truman rather than you，________________(应受责备)．(blame)
答案：that is to blame
Ⅱ.用强调句型将划线部分加以强调
1．These poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu，such as headache and aching muscles.
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案： It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu，such as headache and aching muscles.
2．She was injured in the accident because she was driving very fast.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It was because she was driving very fast that she was injured in the accident.
3．What present have you bought for your son
________________________________________________________________________
答案：What present is it that you have bought for your son
4．I don’t know how long he has stayed here.
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：I don’t know how long it is that he has stayed here.
5．He didn’t leave until I came back.
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It was not until I came back that he left.
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
2011年6月5日(世界环境日)下午放学后，你(李梅)与你班同学在学校附近的公园组织了一次环保活动。请根据下面内容，给某报社写封信，介绍活动的基本情况，并谈谈你的看法。
活动内容：1.捡垃圾，帮助打扫公园；
2．张贴标语，告诉大家别乱扔杂物、随地吐痰；
3．发表演讲，倡导不用塑料袋，循环使用物品。
注意：1.可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯；
2．开头部分已经给出，所用词汇不计入总词数；
3．词数：100左右。
参考词汇：吐痰v.spit；塑料 n．& adj.plastic
Dear editor，
On the afternoon of June 5,2011，our class organized an activity in the nearby park to celebrate World Environment Day.
______________________________________________________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．组织活动______________________
2．捡垃圾______________________
3．贴标语______________________
4．鼓励______________________
5．可循环利用的______________________
6．同……作斗争______________________
7．提醒某人干某事______________________
答案：1.organize an activity 2.pick up rubbish 3.put up notices 4.encourage 5.recyclable 6.fight against
7．remind sb.to do sth.
【句式结构】
1．然后我们就张贴标语提醒游客不要乱扔杂物和随便吐痰。
Then we put up some notices________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________or spit everywhere.
答案：to remind visitors not to leave things around
2．最后，我们发表演讲警告游客白色污染的影响并建议他们不要使用塑料袋。
Finally，we gave a speech__________________________and advise them___________________.
答案：to warn the visitors of the danger of white pollution；not to use plastic bags
3．与此同时，鼓励游客买一些可循环利用材料制成的产品进行再利用。
At the same time the visitors_________________
_________________________and use them again.
答案：were encouraged to buy products made of recyclable materials
4．我们应该一起努力同污染作斗争使环境更安全更适宜居住。
We should work together_____________________
____________________________________and make our environment safer and more comfortable_______________________________.
答案：to fight against pollution；to live in
【连句成篇】
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Dear editor，
On the afternoon of June 5,2011，our class organized an activity in the nearby park to celebrate World Environment Day.On arriving there，we picked up rubbish and helped clean the park.Then we put up some notices to remind visitors not to leave things around or spit everywhere.Finally，we gave a speech to warn the visitors of the danger of white pollution and advise them not to use plastic bags.At the same time the visitors were encouraged to buy products made of recyclable materials and use them again.
I believe there are many things we can do to protect the environment.Even small things make a big difference.We should work together to fight against pollution and make our environment safer and more comfortable to live in.
Yours，
Li Mei
【类文点津】
本文运用了许多优美短语和靓丽句型。例如：
优美短语：remind sb.to do sth.；give a speech；warn sb.of sth.；at the same time；encourage sb.to do sth.；make a difference；make＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
靓丽句型：用On arriving there代替了When we arrived there，简洁而高级。
运用了put up和remind sb.not to do sth.两个短语以及运用了不定式作目的状语。
运用了更多的短语(give a speech，warn sb.of sth.，advise sb.to do)。
运用了被动语态及分词短语(made of recyclable materials)作定语。
运用了本单元的优美短语make a difference。
运用了虚拟语气和形容词作宾语补足语的结构。
Some ①environmentalists say that global warming，②on the whole，can cause such ③phenomena as ④flood and ⑤drought and it may even ⑥result in terrible ⑦catastrophes like ⑧famine . But what makes global warming ⑨come about Most environmentalists subscribe to the fact that while people are consuming fuel，
词语串串练
quantities of byproduct like methane are sent into the air.Buying personal cars has become a trend and the number of them goes up steadily year by year.Some scientists are opposed to exploiting too much fossil.They state that if people keep on putting up with this individual or governmental behavior，more and more
一些环境论者说全球变暖大致会导致如洪水和干旱这样的现象，甚至会导致可怕的大灾难，比如饥荒。但是是什么使得全球变暖发生的呢？多数环境论者赞成这个事实：当人们在消耗燃料的时候，大量的副产品，像甲烷，就会被释放到空气中。
买私家车已经变成了一种趋势，私家车的数量在逐年稳定上升。一些科学家反对开采过多矿物。他们声明如果人们继续容忍这种个人或政府的行为，越来越普遍的污染问题将会被带入环境。一些代表教育者的人提倡应该用带有保护我们地球的标题的报纸文章来教育人们，如果可能，这样的标语也应该张贴在合适的地方。他们还说应该鼓励人们使用像微波炉这样经济的电器来节约能源。如果我们想为环境保护作出贡献，我们必须承担起不浪费任何东西甚至是一张纸的义务。只要我们对自然温和一些，多数环境问题就将不复存在，被污染的湖泊和河流也会重新变得清澈起来。
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谢谢使用(共106张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1.What would you rather do－paint pictures，make sculptures，or design buildings
你更愿意干什么——绘画、雕塑还是设计建筑物？
品味经典
①I would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.
今晚我宁愿呆在家中读点书。
②If you’d rather be alone，we’ll all leave here.
如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。
自我探究
would rather 宁愿，宁可，还是……为好。
归纳拓展
注意：would rather＋从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。意为“宁愿某人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。
③The children would walk there rather than take a bus.
孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
④John wants to see me today.But I would rather he came tomorrow.
约翰今天想来看我。但我宁愿他明天来。
完成句子
(1)我确信你宁愿她乘公共汽车去上学，是不是？
I’m sure you’d rather ________________，________？
答案：she went to school by bus，wouldn’t you
(2)—Do you mind my opening the windows for some fresh air
—____________(我宁愿你别)．I am feeling a bit cold here in the room.
答案：I’d rather you didn ’t
牛刀小试
2.Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.
艺术是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰影响的。
品味经典
①It was her faith in God that helped her survive the long years in prison.
是她对上帝的信仰帮她度过了在监狱中的漫长岁月。
②Faith can move mountains.[谚]精诚所至，金石为开。
自我探究
faith n．[U]信任；信心；信念。
归纳拓展
③Have you any faith in what he says？你相信他的话吗？
④I feel you should never lose faith in yourself.
我觉得你永远不应对自己失去信心。
牛刀小试
完成句子
____________(有信心)yourself，____________
(忠实于)your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success.
答案：Have faith in；be faithful to
3.During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.
在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。
(1)aim
品味经典
①The main aim of the course is to improve students’ reading skills.
这个课程的主要目标是提高学生的阅读技能。
②Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.
要达到这些目标要齐心协力。
自我探究
aim n．[C]目标；目的 [U]瞄准；对准。
归纳拓展
③He aimed his gun at the tiger，fired but missed it.
他用枪瞄准老虎并开火，但没打中。
④Harry aims at becoming a doctor.
哈利的目标是成为一名医生。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)She always ________(力争)the better.(aim)
答案：aims at
(2)I’m ________________(目标是减掉) 4kg before the summer holidays.(aim)
答案：aiming to lose
(3)The company is ________(目标是培训)each employee by the end of this year.
答案：aiming at training
(2)represent
品味经典
①Can you represent it to us in detail
你能详细向我们叙述这件事吗？
②He represented himself to be/as a member of our group.
他自称是我们小组的成员。
③You two will represent our school at the meeting.
你俩将代表我们学校参加会议。
自我探究
represent vt.描绘；代表；表示。
归纳探究
牛刀小试
(4)The red lines on the map ________ railways.
A．represent B．express
C．reveal D．present
解析：选A。句意：地图上的红线代表铁路。represent“代表；表示”相当于stand for。express“表达”，reveal“透露；泄露”，present“授予；展现”。
4.A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.
这个时期的传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。
品味经典
①Plastics have taken the place of many conventional materials.
塑料已经取代了许多传统材料。
②The chairman made a few conventional remarks.
主席说了几句客套话。
自我探究
conventional adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的。
归纳拓展
③He is conventional in his approach to life.
他的生活态度是守旧的。
易混辨析
conventional，traditional
conventional 传统的，常规的。指为大多数人所接受的行为或举止，另外还可以用来表示长期使用的方法，设备等。
traditional 传统的。尤指历史悠久，流传下来的一种习惯，习俗，观念，信仰等。
④Women are questioning their traditional role in society，as wives and mothers.
女性正对她们在社会中扮演的妻子和母亲的传统角色提出疑问。
牛刀小试
A microwave cooks food much faster than a ________oven.
A．traditional B．conventional
C．normal D．standard
解析：选B。句意：微波炉做饭比传统炉子快得多。normal“正常的”，standard“标准的”都不符合语境。traditional“传统的”多指习俗或观念，而conventional“传统的”可指早就存在的方法或设备等，如conventional weapons常规武器。故选B。
5.A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.
这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的象征，这体现了对上帝的敬重和爱戴。
品味经典
①This is a typical example.这是个典型的例子。
自我探究
typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的。
归纳拓展
②This painting is typical of his early works.
这幅画是他早期的代表作。
③It was typical of him to be so merciless.
他总是如此冷酷无情。
④On a typical day，the president receives more than 4,500 letters.
通常总统每天会收到超过4500封信。
牛刀小试
Jack is late again.It is ________of him to keep others waiting.
A．normal B．ordinary
C．common D．typical
解析：选D。考查词语辨析。句意：杰克又迟到了。他一向让别人等他。It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向……。normal正常的；ordinary普通的；common常见的。这几个词都没有这种搭配。
6.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.
人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。
(1)concentrate
品味经典
①We should concentrate on our study.
我们应当集中精力学习。
②The government’s new plan is to concentrate industries in areas of high unemployment.
政府新的计划是将工业集中于失业率高的地区。
自我探究
concentrate vt.集中；聚集。concentrate on集中；全神贯注于。
归纳拓展
③We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.
我们必须致力于改进教育工作。
④A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Stop talking and ________________________
(专心工作)．
答案：concentrate on your work
(2)I decided to________________________(全力以赴) finding somewhere to live.
答案：concentrate all my efforts on
(3)(2011年濮阳高二检测)Teenagers should by all means ________ their studies though there are a lot of attractions around them.
A．devote to B．fix on
C．concentrate on D．keep on
解析：选C。devote后常跟宾语energy，time等，再加介词to；选项B若改为fix their attention on也可选；concentrate on sth.专心干某事；keep on doing sth.继续干某事。句意：中学生无论如何应专心于学习，尽管周围有大量的诱惑物。
(2)adopt
多项选择
品味经典
①In the meeting，all the workers agreed to adopt a new idea to reform the factory.
会议中，所有员工都同意采纳新意见以改革工厂。
②Sally was adopted when she was four.
萨利4岁时被人收养。
自我探究
adopt vt.采用；采纳；采取；收养。
归纳拓展
巧学助记
③The adopted boy soon adapted to his new family.
这个被收养的男孩很快适应了他的新家庭。
牛刀小试
(4)(2011年合肥高二检测)My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A．adopted B．adjusted
C．fit D．revised
解析：选B。考查词语辨析。句意：我的相机可以进行调节以便在阴天或晴天的状况下进行拍摄。adjust“调节；调整”，符合语境。adopt“采用、收养”，fit“适合”，revise“修订；校订”都不符合语境。
7.Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.
富人们想拥有自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。
品味经典
①The country possesses rich mineral deposits.
这个国家拥有丰富的矿藏。
自我探究
possess vt.拥有；具有；支配。
归纳拓展
②Her possessions could fit in one suitcase.
她的全部财物可以装在一个手提箱内。
③He is in possession of the house.他拥有这套房子。
④The possession of a degree does not guarantee you a job.
拥有一个学位不能保证你找到工作。
易混辨析
possess，own
possess 是正式用语，强调对目前拥有或占有的东西可以控制或支配。也用于表示具有某种才能，品质特点或性能等。
own 强调所属关系。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)富人与其说是财产的占有者，不如说是被财产占有。
The rich are rather _________by their _________than ________.
答案：possessed；possessions；possessors
多项选择
(2)Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
解析：选C。考查词语辨析。根据语境“很多中国人虽然在国外生活了很多年，但是他们还是保持传统的习惯和风俗。”应选C项。observe指遵守法律、习俗、规章等。perform“表演；履行；执行”，possess“拥有”，support“支持”都不符合语境。
8.When people first saw his paintings，they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.
当人们第一次看到他的画时，他们深信他们是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景。
品味经典
①I was convinced(＝sure) (that) we were doing the right thing.
我相信我们做的事情是正确的
自我探究
convince vt.使确信；使相信。 convinced adj.坚信不疑的； convincing adj.令人信服的。
归纳拓展
②How can I convince you of her honesty
我怎样才能使你相信她的诚实呢？
③We convinced Anne to go by train rather than by plane.
我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。
④What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.
她的一番话使我认识到我错了。
⑤He convinced me that I should study law.
他劝我应该学法律。
易混辨析
convince，persuade
convince 使(某人)信服，明白。指用事实或道理排除他人对某事的怀疑，使其深信某事是正确的。常接从句或convince sb.of sth.。另外后面接不定式时意思与persuade相当，意为“说服某人做某事”。
persuade 劝说，说服。常接“persuade sb.to do sth.或persuade sb.into doing sth.”的结构，表示拿出明显的理由去说服某人做某事。persuade sb.out of doing sth.意思是说服某人不做某事。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Scientists ____________(深信)the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
答案：are convinced of
多项选择
(2)He couldn’t ________ his father that John was telling the truth.
A．convince B．believe
C．admit D．display
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意：他无法使他父亲相信约翰说的是事实。convince使信服，说服，常用于convince sb.of sth./that；I believe不能用于believe sb.that...结构；admit“承认；允许进入；接纳”；display“陈列，展览；显示”。
9.By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.
巧合的是油画颜料在这一时期也得到了发展，这使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
品味经典
①By coincidence，we will take the same bus back home.
真是巧合，我们要搭同趟车回家。
②By a curious coincidence，my husband and I have the same birthday.
说来也巧，我丈夫和我同一天生日。
自我探究
by coincidence 意为巧合地。
归纳拓展
③Do you think he did it on purpose or by accident
你认为他那样做是有意的还是无意的？
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)我只是碰巧找到的。
I only found it __________.
答案：by accident
(2)银行遭劫时，有人看到他的汽车正在附近，这绝不是巧合。
______________________his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.
答案：It is not a coincidence that
(3)我准备下周去巴黎。
—I’m going to Paris next week.
真巧！我也去。
—______________________！ So am I.
答案：What a coincidence
10.In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.
19世纪晚期，欧洲发生了巨大变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
品味经典
①We are living close to each other，so I see him a great deal.
我们住的近，我经常碰到他。
②He has given me a great deal of help.
他给了我很多帮助。
③He ate a great deal for lunch today.
他今天中午吃的很多。
④She ran a great deal faster than I.
她跑得比我快得多。
自我探究
a great deal(名词短语)大量，许多，在句中作主语、宾语。 a great/good deal(副词短语)可用于形容词、副词比较级前加强程度，也可用来修饰动词作状语。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
(2011年西安高二检测)—How do you like his new novel
—It is ________ interesting than I expected.
A．a great deal much
B．a great deal of more
C．a great deal of much
D．a great deal more
解析：选D。考查短语辨析。根据语境“比我预计的有趣得多”可知应用比较级，排除A、C。a great deal用作副词，修饰动词或形容词和副词的比较级时不加of。故选D。
11.On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object，using colour，line and shape to represent them.
一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。
品味经典
①She will attempt to beat the world record.
她决心要打破世界纪录。
②He made one last attempt at breaking the world record.
他为破世界纪录作了最后一次努力。
自我探究
attempt vt.尝试；企图 n．努力；尝试；企图。
归纳拓展
③The prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.
囚犯企图逃跑，但是失败了。
④The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.
孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。
⑤I passed my driving test at my first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照时第一次就通过了。
易混辨析
attempt，try，manage
(1)attempt正式用语，常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，常包含“冒险”之意，而且常暗含不成功之意，常用作名词或动词。
(2)try通俗用语，尝试的目的是证明或检验某事，或者是指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价，后接不定式表示“试图做某事”，后接v.?ing形式，表示“试着做某事”。
(3)manage“成功地做成某事”，强调结果。
⑥He didn’t pass the exam，but it was a good attempt.
他虽然没有通过考试，但他做了很大的努力。
try new teaching methods 试验新教法
⑦He is trying his best to understand her meaning.
他正在尽力弄明白她的意思。
⑧I finally managed to find the book I was looking for.
我终于找到了一直在找的书。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)The little boy，____________(已经两次试图)to climb over the fence of the garden，decided to have another try.
答案：having made two attempts
多项选择
(2)A man is being questioned in relation to the ________murder last night.
A．advise B．attended
C．attempted D．admitted
解析：选C。句意为：一个人正在接受(警察)有关昨晚故意杀人事件的询问。attempted意为“未遂的，意图的”。
12.On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.
另一方面，有些现代派的作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。
品味经典
①He is an able man，but on the other hand he is too proud.
他是一个有能力的人，但是另一方面，他太自负了。
②On the one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I can’t bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。
自我探究
on the other hand意为： 另一方面。 On (the) one hand...，on the other hand...(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)一方面……，另一方面
(却)……。
归纳拓展
③She was at a loss.On one hand she loved him；on the other hand she didn’t want to make her parents angry.
她不知所措了。一方面她爱他，另一方面她不想让父母生气。
④Firstly，I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this success.
首先，我要感谢对这次成功做出贡献的每一个人。
⑤For one thing it’s too late；for another I’m tired.
一方面天晚了，另一方面我也累了。
⑥I’m not going to buy it；for one thing I don’t like the color，and for another it’s far too expensive.
我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。
牛刀小试
I would like a job which pays more，but ________I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A．in other words B．on the other hand
C．for one thing D．as a matter of fact
解析：选B。考查短语辨析。句意：我想有一份报酬更高的工作，但是另一方面，我又很喜欢现在的工作。根据but前后的内容可知，前后分句构成的是对比关系，故用on the other hand来表示对比。in other words意为“换句话说”；for one thing意为“一则”，常与for another thing连用；as a matter of fact意为“事实上”。
13.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.在这些脱离传统绘画风格的画家中就有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派艺术家们。
句型巧析
品味经典
①Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.
一个腼腆的长着两只大眼睛的女孩坐在屋子的后面。
②Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。
③Such would be our life in the future.
我们未来的生活就是这样的。
自我探究
此句是一个倒装句，正常语序应为The Impressionists who lived and worked in Paris were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.此句为表语部分提前而引起的倒装。表语置于句首，主语是名词时，要引起倒装。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
完成句子
紧挨着它的是另一家宾馆，我们能在那里呆一周。
________________ where we can stay for a week.
答案：Next to it is another hotel
译文助读
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.Styles in Western art have changed many times.As there are so many different styles of Western art，it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.Consequently，this text will describe only the most important ones，starting from the sixth century AD.
The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)
During the Renaissance，new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves，their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective.This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428.When people first saw his paintings，they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
西方绘画艺术简史
艺术是受一个民族生活习俗和信仰(faith)的影响的。西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此(consequently)，本文只谈及公元6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。
中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)
在中世纪，画家的主要目的(aim)是把宗教的主题表现出来。一个传统的(conventional)艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。
这个时期的典型的(typical)绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的敬重与热爱。但是，很显然(evident)到了13世纪时，观念发生了变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来描绘宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)
在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取(adopt)一种更人性化的(humanistic)生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有(possess)自己的绘画并用来装饰自己的高级(superb)宫殿和豪宅。
他们出钱聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物(possession)，以及他们的活动和成就。
在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法(perspective)来画出事物。这一方法(technique)是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果透视法没有被发现，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是(by coincidence)这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不会看到很多这一时代伟大的杰作(masterpiece)。
Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)
In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.There were many new inventions and social changes.Naturally，these changes also led to new painting styles.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.However, because natural light changes so quickly，the Impressionists had to paint quickly.Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.At first，many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it.They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
Modern Art(20th century to today)
At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”．This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might not exist.On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object，using colour，line and shape to represent them.
On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.These styles are so different.Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future
印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的(a great deal)变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。这时期有许多发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地促成了新的绘画风格。
在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家(impressionist)。
印象派画家是第一批室外绘画的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影(shadow)呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家必须很快地作画。因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，许多人都不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家粗枝大叶，他们的作品更是荒谬可笑(ridiculous)。
现代艺术(20世纪至今)
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的(controversial)，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格可能就不会存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算(attempt)把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面(on the other hand)，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一幅幅照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言(predict)将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格？
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共49张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
速效提能演练
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer.
1．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Changbaishan. B．Jilin Province.
C．The Lake of Heaven. D．Animals.
答案：C
2．Why is there a great variety of plants and animals in Changbaishan
A．Much of the area is thick forest.
B．There are few people living there.
C．The height above sea level varies greatly.
D．The climate is suitable for plants and animals.
答案：C
3．Tianchi may get its name from________.
A．the crater of a dead volcano
B．its great depth
C．its crystal clear waters
D．its great height
答案：D
4．Which is not mentioned in this text
A．Hot springs.
B．Waterfalls.
C．Mountain peaks.
D．The famous fairy tale.
答案：A
5．From the passage we can infer________.
A．many visitors drop coins into Tianchi to express their good wishes
B．the rare animals will die out because of so many visitors
C．the waters of Tianchi will become seriously polluted
D．the volcano on top of Changbaishan will erupt again soon
答案：A
Ⅱ.Work in pairs or groups.Fill in the blanks below according to the text (P39)．
THE LAKE OF HEAVEN
The introduction to Changbaishan ★In Jilin Province，Northeast China.
★Most of it is thick 1.________.
★China’s largest 2.________.
★The altitude varies from 700 metres to over 3.________metres.
★The 4.________to lots of rare plants and animals.
The introduction to Tianchi ★A deep lake that has formed in the crater of a(n) 5.________.
★2,194 metres above 6.________and more than 200 metres deep.
The stories about Tianchi ★While three young women bathed in Tianchi，a bird dropped a small
7._______ _onto the dress of the youngest girl，and she swallowed it and became pregnant.Later she bore a boy，who is said to be the 8._______of the Manchu people.
答案： 1.forest 2.nature reserve 3.2,000 4.home 5.dead volcano 6.sea level 7.fruit 8.father 9.waterfalls 10.coin
What people can do in Changbaishan ★To study its unique plants and animals.
★To see the spectacular 9.________.
★To bathe in the hot water pools.
★To drop a(n) 10.________into the water to pray for a deep and lasting love.
1.I was so anxious and couldn’t move at first.
起初我很焦虑，不敢动弹。
重点难点探究
词汇精研
品味经典
①I am very anxious about my son’s health.
我非常担心儿子的健康。
②We’re anxious for your safe return.
我们盼望你平安归来。
③I’m really anxious to see him.我急于见他。
自我探究
anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的。
归纳拓展
(1)be anxious about...为……担心
be anxious for...渴望……
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事(2)anxiety n.忧虑；担心；渴望
易混辨析
eager，anxious
④I’m eager to do that interesting work.
我渴望做那件有趣的工作。
⑤She is eager to go to college，but anxious about not passing the entrance examinations.
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过入学考试。
eager 强调“对成功的渴望”或“进取的热情”，含有积极向上的意思。
anxious 强调“担心”或“着急”，对结果感到不安。
牛刀小试
多项选择
(1)My mother always gets a bit________if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
A．anxious B．ashamed
C．weak D．patient
解析：选A。anxious担忧。根据所提供的情景“if we don’t arrive when we say we will”可判断出由于说将要回来但没有回来，所以母亲会感到担忧。ashamed羞耻；patient耐心。
完成句子
(2)The mother was filled with ________(担忧) about her daughter’s health.
答案：anxiety
(3)That is ______________ (深感焦虑) to me.
答案：a great anxiety
2.I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我感到非常紧张，同时又强迫自己不要惊慌。
品味经典
①The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.
爆炸声一响，人群便慌乱起来。
②The idea might panic all of us.
这个想法可能会使我们所有人惶恐不安。
③There was a panic when the building caught fire
大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。
④She got into a panic when she thought she had forgotten the tickets.
她想起忘了带入场券，顿时惊慌起来。
自我探究
panic(panicked，panicked，panicking)vi.& vt.(使)惊慌；n.[U，C]惊慌；恐慌。
归纳拓展
be in a panic处在恐慌中(状态)
get into a panic陷入恐慌(动作)
in a state of panic惊恐万分
panic over...对……感到惊慌
牛刀小试
完成句子
The girl ________________(陷入恐慌)when she heard the frightening news.
答案：got into a panic
3.The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
这里的地面高度从海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多种多样的稀有动植物的生长地。
品味经典
①These kids vary in height from 100 cm to 120 cm.
这些孩子的身高由100厘米到120厘米不等。
②The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.
天气变化很大，从很冷到变得相当暖和。
③The menu varies with the season.菜单随季节而变动。
④My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。
自我探究
vary vi.变化；不同 vt.改变；使多样化。
归纳拓展
(1)vary from...to...由……到……不等
vary in sth.在某方面不同
vary with sth.随……而变化
(2)various adj.不同的，各种各样的；许多的variety n.变化，多样化；种类
a variety of＝various各种各样的
牛刀小试
(1)Try not to start every sentence with “the”．________ the beginning of your sentences.
A．Vary B．Decorate
C．Form D．Describe
解析：选A。vary使……有变化；decorate装饰；form形成；describe描述。
(2)—How much will I pay for a night
—Prices ________from room to room.
A．vary B．increase
C．divide D．range
解析：选A。vary不等，变化；increase增加；divide划分；range(在……范围内)变化。句意：——住一晚我需要付多少钱？——价格因房间不同而不同。
4.However，the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.
然而保护区里最令人欣赏的地方则是天池，或者说是天上的湖。
品味经典
①He shows little appreciation of good music.
他对好音乐几乎没有欣赏的能力。
②We showed our appreciation with flower.
我们用花表示谢意。
自我探究
appreciation n．[U]欣赏；感激；感谢。
归纳拓展
appreciate v.欣赏；赏识；感激；感谢
appreciate doing对做某事感谢/感激
I would appreciate it if....如果……
我将不胜感激。
③I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.
如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)________________(我将不胜感激)if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
答案：I’d appreciate it
(2)I really appreciate ________________(有时间)to relax with you on this nice island.
答案：having time
5.If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one，don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中，以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。
品味经典
①His turning up will guarantee the success of the meeting.
他的出席将会保证会议的成功。
②We won’t be able to guarantee you a room for February 2nd.
我们不能保证2月2日给您一个房间。
③We guarantee to replace the broken door free of charge.
我们保证免费更换这损坏了的门。
④Do you think good education is a guarantee of success
你认为良好的教育是成功的保证吗？
⑤It’s still under guarantee，so the company will have it repaired.
这还在保修期，因此公司会把它修好的。
自我探究
guarantee vt.担保；保证 n．[C，U] 保证(书)；担保(书)。
归纳拓展
guarantee sth.保证……
guarantee sb.sth.向某人保证某事guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee (that)...保证……
under guarantee在保修期内
牛刀小试
(1)The film is said to have won several Oscar Awards in 2011 and I can________you will enjoy it.
A．announce B．guarantee
C．analyze D．evaluate
解析：选B。 此题考查词义辨析。announce宣布；guarantee保证；analyze分析；evaluate评价。句意：据说这部电影已赢得了2011年几项奥斯卡大奖，我能保证你会喜欢的。
(2)My computer broke down.Luckily it was still under ________，so I got it repaired free of charge.
A．guarantee B．construction
C．control D．consideration
解析：选A。under guarantee在保修期内；under construction在建设中；under control在控制之中；under consideration在考虑之内。句意：我的电脑出故障了。幸运的是，它还在保修期内，因此我得到了免费修理。
6.I rushed downstairs，only o see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor，surrounded by her guests.
我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。
句型巧析
品味经典
①I went to see him，only to find him out.
我去看望他，结果发现他外出了。
自我探究
本句中only to see...为不定式作结果状语。
归纳拓展
only/just＋动词不定式用来作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果；现在分词也能作结果状语但常表示自然而然的，在意料之中的结果。
②The storm left，causing much damage.
暴风雨过后，带来较大损失。
牛刀小试
完成句子
Yesterday I went to see him，________________(结果得知)that he had gone abroad two days before.
答案：only to learn
译文助读
THE LAKE OF HEAVEN
Changbaishan is in Jilin Province，Northeast China.Much of this beautiful，mountainous area is thick forest.Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve and it is kept in its natural state for the people of China and visitors from all over the world to enjoy.The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.Among the rare animals are cranes，black bears，leopards and tigers.
Many people come to Changbaishan to study its unique plants and animals.Others come to walk in the mountains，to see the spectacular waterfalls or to bathe in the hot water pools.However，the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.
天上的湖(天池)
长白山在中国东北的吉林省。这个美丽的山区大部分地区是茂密的森林。长白山是中国最大的自然保护区，保持着它的原始状态，以供中国人民和世界各地的游客们欣赏。这里的地面高度从海拔700米到2 000多米不等(vary from...to...由……到……不等)，是多种多样(diversity)稀有动植物的生长地。珍稀动物有白鹤(crane)、黑熊、豹子(leopard)和虎。许多人到长白山来研究珍奇的动植物。另外一些人则是到山里来走一走，看看那些蔚为壮观的(spectacular)瀑布，或者在温水池里泡个澡(bathe)。然而保护区里最令人(arouse激发)欣赏(appreciation)的地方则是天池或者说是天上的湖。
Tianchi is a deep lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of the mountain. The lake is 2,194 metres above sea level，and more than 200 metres deep.In winter the surface freezes over.It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain.When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters，but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.
There are many stories told about Tianchi.The most well known concerns three young women from heaven. They were bathing in Tianchi when a bird flew above them and dropped a small fruit onto the dress of the youngest girl.When she picked up the fruit to smell it，it flew into her mouth. Having swallowed the fruit，the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.
If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one，don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
天池是一个深水湖，是由山顶一个死火山的火山口形成的。湖的海拔高度为2 194米，水的深度超过200米。到冬天湖面就全部结冰了。从路的尽头到山顶需约一个小时。你一到达山顶就会得到回报——你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水，而且还可以看到天池四周的16座山峰(peak)。
天池有着许多传说故事，其中最著名的是关于从天上下凡的三位少女的故事。她们在天池洗澡时，突然有一只鸟飞到她们的上方，把一个小小的水果扔在最年轻的姑娘的衣服上。当她拿起来闻的时候，它飞进了她的嘴里。姑娘吞食了这个果子，后来就怀孕了，过了一段时间，她生下了一个漂亮的小男孩。据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力(persuasion)。
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中，以确保(guarantee)你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共41张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．If there were no subjunctive mood，English would be easier.
如果没有虚拟语气，英语会容易些。
2．I would come too if I had time to spare.
我如果抽得出时间的话，我也愿意来。
3．If he had been warned，he would not have taken that food.
如果告诫他，他就不会把那些食物都吃了。
4．If you were to come tomorrow，I should ask you to help me with my work.
如果你明天来，我就请你帮助我做这件工作。
自我探究
非真实条件句所假设的是不可能有的条件，或者是与事实相反的条件，它可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反。
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood )(1)
一、基本概念
虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求，有时是一种非真实的假设、料想或是不可能实现或与事实相反的愿望。
二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
讲解归纳
主从句
构成
时间 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋should/would
/could/ might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 ①If＋主语＋动词过去式
②If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形
③If＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋should/would
/could/ might＋动词原形
If he had time now，he would(could，might) go with you.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。
(与现在事实相反)
If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would (could，might) have met the famous singer.
如果你能早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手。
(与过去事实相反)
If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(将来发生的动作的可能性很小)
注意：
(1)主句中的should只用于第一人称I，we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替。
(2)虚拟条件从句中常用were代替was。
If I were rich，I would buy you anything you want.
我要是有钱，会给你买任何你想要的东西。
(3)如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
If he has time，he will come.如果他有时间，他会
来。
He won’t succeed unless we plan well.
如果我们计划不好，他就会失败。
If you haven’t finished your composition，you can hand it tomorrow.如果你还未写完作文，你可以明天交。
三、混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday，you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天问一问他的话，你就知道现在该做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)
四、省略if的条件句
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now，they could help us.
＝If they were here now，they could help us.
如果他们现在在这儿的话，他们就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier，you would have met him.
＝If you had come earlier，you would have met him.
如果你早来点的话，就会见到他了。
Should it rain，the crops would be saved.
＝Were it to rain，the crops would be saved.
＝If it should(were to)rain，the crops would be saved.
如果下雨的话，庄稼就会得救了。
注意：在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do，而不能说Weren’t I to do。
五、含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类含蓄式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：but for(要不是……的话)，but that(要不是……)，without(如果没有……)，supposing(假设……)，provided(倘若……)，otherwise(or else)(要不然)等。
But for your advice，I would have failed.(＝If you hadn’t given me advice，I would have failed.)
如果不是有你的建议，我会失败的。
But that she was afraid，she would have said no.
要不是她害怕的话，她就会说“不”了。
Without water，there would be no life.
如果没有水，就没有生命。
Supposing it should rain，we would still go.
假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。
He was very busy yesterday，otherwise he would have come to the party.
他昨天太忙了，否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。
She would have come here，but she was too busy with her homework.
她本来要到这里来，但是她当时太忙于做作业了。
Having known this in time，I could have succeeded.(If I had known this in time，I could have succeeded.)
如果当时及时知道，我会成功的。
Given more time，he could have done better.(If he had been given more time，he could have done better.)
如果再给他一些时间，他可以做得更好。
If only I had more money，I could buy a car.
要是我有更多的钱，我就会买辆车了。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables ____________(就不会死掉了)．(die)
答案：wouldn’t have died
语法专练
2．________________(如果他接受我的劝告)，he wouldn’t have lost his job.(follow)
答案：If he had followed my advice
3．—Sorry，Professor Smith.I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh，you ____________(应该完成它)as yesterday was the deadline.(should)
答案：should have done it
4．Had I know about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy ____________________(就会节省)．(save)
答案：would have been saved
5．This printer is of good quality.________
____________(如果在一年内坏了)，we would repair it at our expense.(break)
答案：If it should/were to break down/broke down within the first year
6．What a pity！Considering his ability and experience，he ____________(本可能做得更好)．(might)
答案：might have done better
7．Had Paul received six more votes in the last election，he __________________(就是我们的主席)now.(chairman)
答案：would be our chairman
8．________(如果没有)the English examination，I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.(but)
答案：But for
9．Should ____________(你被解雇)，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(fire)
答案：you be fired
10．Had you ____________(听医生的话)，you would be all right now.(listen)
答案：you listened to the doctor；would be
Ⅱ.用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1．If you ____________(arrive) ten minutes earlier，you could have seen them off.
2．It’s time that we ____________(go) to the railway station.
3．If they ____________(not help) us，our experiment would have failed.
4．You’re five minutes late.I suggested that you ____________(come) earlier tomorrow.
5．Mother often tells us that it is necessary that we ____________(drink) a glass of water after we get up.
6．He insisted that she ____________(send) to work in the faraway small town.
7．____________ I not ____________(forget) his telephone number，I would have rung him.
8．He is busy now.If he ____________(be) free，he ____________(go) with you.
9．The manager was in his office then.If he ____________(be) here，everything ____________(settle) in a minute.
10．Noisy as it was，he went on reading as if nothing ____________(happen)．
答案：1.had arrived 2.went (should go) 3.had not helped 4.(should) come 5.(should) drink 6.(should) be sent 7.Had; forgotten 8.were；would go 9.had been；would have been settled 10.were happening
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
假设你是李华。你的笔友张强最近沉迷于电脑游戏而不能自拔，严重影响了学习和身心健康。请你给他写一封书信劝说他戒掉这一不良习惯，并对他的学习生活给出自己的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．对……上瘾________________
2．对……有害________________
3．在很多方面________________
4．首先________________
5．另外________________
6．更糟的是________________
答案：1.be addicted to 2.be harmful to/do harm to 3.in many ways 4.to begin with 5.in addition 6.worse still
【句式结构】
1．当我听说你对电脑游戏上瘾时，我很担心。
I ________________ when I heard that you ________________ computer games.
2．另外，长时间玩电脑游戏有害身体健康。
In addition，________________ will do ________________.
3．因此，我强烈希望你摆脱他们。
Therefore，I ________________ that you can ________________ them.
4．为了过有意义的生活，你可以多读好书，多锻炼身体，以此来增强体质。
________________ a meaningful life，you can read more good books and do more exercise ________________ your body.
答案：1.felt very worried；are addicted to 2.playing games for a long time；harm to your health 3.strongly hope；break away from 4.In order to live；to build up
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Dear Zhang Qiang，
I felt very worried when I heard that you are addicted to computer games.Although it’s generally believed that computer games are interesting and can inspire our imagination，yet if you abuse them，they will be harmful to you in many ways.To begin with，they will waste too much valuable time which should be spent on your study or other beneficial things.In addition，playing games for a long time will do harm to your health，especially to your eyes.Worse still，some games are full of violence，which will be harmful to your mental health.
Therefore，I strongly hope that you can break away from them.The earlier，the better.In order to live a meaningful life，you can read more good books，do more exercise to build up your body or participate in some social activities to expand your horizons.
Looking forward to your good news.
Yours，
Li Hua
【类文点津】
1．本文中用了很多靓丽短语，其中有些紧扣本单元所学的新词汇，做到了学以致用，靓丽短语有：
be addicted to；to begin with；in addition；do harm to；worse still；be full of；break away from；build up；participate in；expand one’s horizon。
2．本文中还运用了一些高级句型。例如：
Although it’s generally believed that computer games are interesting and can inspire our imagination，yet if you abuse them，they will be harmful to you in many ways.句中运用了although...yet来表示语义的转折；用了形式主语和that引导的主语从句。
I strongly hope that you can break away from them.句中that引导的是宾语从句。
3．本文中还运用了名言名句。例如：
The earlier，the better.(越早越好)
My friend，Paul，loves ①abstract art and ②sculpture faithfully.We treat him as a ③humanistic artist as well as a superb sculptor.Yesterday I called at his ④gallery and saw his typical works.Among his possessions there are some ⑤realistic works about Renaissance and some figures of impressionists.At the corner there lie some canvas and a great deal of clay and marble with which he carved some ⑥ridiculous characters.
词语串串练
Last Saturday，organized by the local committee，he ⑦displayed his abstract paintings and sculptures along an avenue near his gallery.At the exhibition he also showed some ⑧bronzes he collected.The exhibition appealed to several famous critics，scholars in the flesh and many artists from metropolitan galleries，which could be seen from the signatures at the front counter.During the exhibition he showed people most of his collections which ⑨covered more than 5000 years of civilization from many parts of the world.The
contemporary Chinese paintings and sculptures were the ones that interested the visitors most.After the exhibition his reputation has spread far and wide.
Recently Paul attempts to draw landscape paintings.We can predict that he will become one of the most famous artists in the world in the near future.This is because， on the one hand，he has a specific preference for art， on the other hand，his painting technique is also perfect.We all wish he would have a bright future.
我的朋友保罗忠实地热爱
抽象艺术和雕刻。我们把
他看做是一位人文主义画
家，同时也是一位杰出的
雕刻家。昨天我去拜访了他的画廊，看到了他的代表(typical有代表性的)作。在他所拥有的作品中，有一些关于文艺复兴的现实主义的作品和一些印象派画家的画像。画廊墙角处堆放着一些画布、很多粘土和大理石，他用这些大理石来雕刻一些滑稽的人物。
上星期六，在当地委员会的组织下，他在画廊附近的一条林荫道上展出了他的抽象派画作和雕塑作品。在这个展览会上，他也展示了一些他收藏的青铜艺术品。这个展览吸引了几位著名的评论家和学者本人到现场，还有很多大城市的画廊的艺术家，这从前台的签名中就能看到。在展览会期间，他向大家展出了他大部分的收藏品，这些收藏品涵盖了来自于世界各地的五千多年的文明。中国当代的绘画和雕塑是参观者最感兴趣的。经过这次展览以后，他的名声大震。
最近保罗尝试画风景画。我们可以预测，在不久的将来，他将成为世界上最著名的画家之一。这是因为，一方面他对艺术的特殊爱好，另一方面，他的绘画技巧也是完美的。我们大家都祝愿他会有一个光明的未来。
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谢谢使用(共44张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．They worked day and night，finishing the work ahead of time.
他们日夜工作，终于提前完成了。
2．They entered the theatre，talking and laughing.
他们说笑着走进了剧院。
3．Having been shown around the lab，we were led into a big ball.
参观了实验室，我们被领进了大厅。
自我探究
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，可以表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式、让步、结果、伴随状况等。
现在分词作状语
现在分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中作定语、补足语、表语和状语。关于现在分词的基本情况请看下表：
讲解归纳
类别 主动语态 被动语态 时间意义 语态意义
现在分词 一般式 v. ing(doing) being＋v. ed(being done) 与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生 根据语态形式，主动或被动意义
完成式 having＋v. ed
(having done) having been＋v. ed
(having been done) 发生在谓语动词的动作之前 根据语态形式，主动或被动意义
一、现在分词作状语的形式选择表
形式 意义
v. ing(doing) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本同时发生。
having＋v. ed (having done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词的动作发生。
being＋v. ed (being done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。
having been＋v. ed (having been done) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词的动作发生。
二、现在分词或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等；表示时间关系的现在分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。
用法 例句
时间 Hearing the news，they got excited.(＝When they heard the news，...)
当他们听到这个消息时，非常兴奋。
Be careful while/when crossing the street.(＝...while/when you are crossing the street.)过马路时要小心。
用法 例句
条件 Turning to the left，you will find the place you want.(＝If you turn to the left，...) 向左拐，你就会发现你要找的地方。
让步 Admitting what you said，I still think that you made a mistake.(＝Although I admitted what you said，...) 尽管我认同你所说的话，但我仍然觉得你犯了一个错误。
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.(＝Though he had been told many times，...)尽管被告诉许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
用法 例句
伴随/方式 I stood there，waiting for her.(＝...，and waited for her.)我站在那儿等她。
原因 Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened at it.(＝Since she had been bitten by a snake，...) 由于她曾经被蛇咬过，所以一直对此心存恐惧。
Being so angry，he couldn’t go to sleep.(＝As he was so angry，...)因为太生气了，他不能入睡。
结果 It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in the area.(＝...，so that it caused severe flooding in the area.) 这个地区雨下得如此大，以致引发了洪灾。
三、使用现在分词形式需注意的几个问题
1．分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally，explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together.
我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。
(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做出的动作，它们之间是主动关系，即explaining的逻辑主语就是句子的主语my wife。)
The train having gone，we had to wait another day.(the train逻辑主语＋having gone为独立主格结构)
火车已离开，我们只好再等一天。
2．分词短语作状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it.(×)
Having been told many times，he still couldn’t understand it.(√)已给他讲了许多遍，但他还是不理解它。
3．在英语中，有些表示说话人态度的分词结构已成为固定用语，不遵循其逻辑主语与句子一致的原则。这些短语常见的有：generally speaking总的来说；judging from/by...根据……判断；speaking of说到……；talking of谈到……；frankly speaking坦白地说；considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……；providing如果；supposing即使、如果；seeing...考虑到……。
Talking of the world resources，they are very limited.
谈到世界资源，它们是非常有限的。
4．分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not，never等否定词。
Not knowing how to find the subway，I asked a policeman for help.我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
5．现在分词形式的动作和谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词用一般式；如果现在分词形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在分词形式应当用完成式。现在分词的完成式在句中一般只作状语。
Having failed twice，he didn’t want to try again.
他失败了两次，不想再试了。
6．现在分词形式的完成式表示主动和完成的意义；过去分词形式表示被动和完成的意义。
Having written two books，he was satisfied with himself.
写过两本书之后，他对自己很满意。
语法专练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．It rained heavily in the south，____________________(造成严重的洪灾)in several provinces.(cause)
答案：causing serious flooding
2．Dina，____________________(努力了)for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(struggle)
答案：having struggled
3．Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，____________________(发送)supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.(send)
答案：sending
4．____________(看着)my classmates’ faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.(look)
答案：Looking at
5．The lawyer listened with full attention，________(尽量不)to miss any point.(try)
答案：trying not
6．________(靠近)the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.(approach)
答案：Approaching
7．The pop star walked out of the stage，________(挥动)her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.(wave)
答案：waving
8．________(判断)from media reports，the result has been unclear.(judge)
答案：Judging
9．The young man，____________________(曾几次试图)to beat the world record in high jumping，decided to have another try.(attempt)
答案：having made several attempts
10．Once telling him the truth，________(你就会发现他一直紧张)．(nervous)
答案：you will find him nervous all the time
Ⅱ.用分词改写下列各个句子
1．Because the villagers had been warned against the earthquake，they moved outside to see a film.
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Having been warned against the earthquake，the villagers moved outside to see a film.
2．After he had finished his homework，the little boy began to play Internet games.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Having finished his homework，the little boy began to play Internet games.
3．When he was still five years old，he went to Japan with his parents.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Being still five years old，he went to Japan with his parents.
4．If weather permits，we will go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Weather permitting，we will go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
5．If you go there by plane，you’ll arrive tomorrow morning.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Going there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning.
6．Though he knows where I live，he never comes to see me.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
某旅游团打算去龙门山旅游，假定你是一名导游，请根据“龙门山旅游区示意图”(下图)用英语向该旅游团描述此景点，内容须包括以下要点：
1．避暑胜地龙门山位于东海之滨，风景优美，夏季气候凉爽宜人，森林里有许多珍稀植物；
2．现代化娱乐及服务设施齐全，每年接待大量国内外游客。
注意：1.文章须包含图示全部内容；
2．词数：100左右。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．龙门山旅游区____________________________
2．在东海之滨______________________________
3．美景____________________________________
4．珍稀植物________________________________
5．令人满意的______________________________
6．在国内外________________________________
答案：1.the Touring Region of Longmen Mountain
2．on the coast of East Sea
3．beautiful scenery
4．rare plants
5．satisfactory
6．at home and abroad
【句式结构】
1．龙门山距东海市30千米远。
Longmen Mountain __________________________ Donghai City.
答案：is 30 kilometers away from
2．那里有一片森林，从中你可以发现许多珍稀植物。
There is a forest in which____________________________________.
答案：you can find many rare plants
3．如果感兴趣，你可以在山脚下骑马、打高尔夫球或是去海边游泳。
You can go horse riding，play golf ________________________________________or go to the seaside for swimming ____________________________.
答案：at the foot of the mountain；if you are interested
4．那里所有的服务设施都令人满意。
All the services there___________________________________.
答案：are satisfactory
【连句成篇】
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Ladies and gentlemen，
I’m glad to tell you something about the Touring Region of Longmen Mountain.
Longmen Mountain is 30 kilometers away from Donghai City.It’s on the coast of East Sea.The mountain has very beautiful scenery.The air is fresh，cool and pleasant in summer，so it’s a wonderful place for your summer holidays.There is a forest in which you can find many rare plants.
You can go horse riding，play golf at the foot of the mountain or go to the seaside for swimming if you are interested.
All the services there such as hotels，shops，cinemas，and hospitals are satisfactory.This touring region receives a large number of visitors at home and abroad every year.You are sure to have fun if you pay a visit.
Have a good time！Thank you.
【类文点津】
亮点一：文章对旅游景点的描述层次分明，条理清晰。语言规范，行文流畅，语句富有变化，用词准确、生动。
亮点二：灵活运用各种复杂结构，如there be句型，定语从句，并列谓语结构及状语从句等等。
亮点三：高级词语的运用巧妙，如such as，a large number of，at home and abroad，have fun及pay a visit，使得整篇文章自然、流畅。
Yesterday I bought a book about the power of nature，from which I learned some knowledge about many natural phenomena，for example ①volcanic_eruption，②fountain，③hurricane，④tornado，⑤typhoon，⑥thunderstorm，⑦rainbow and ⑧tsunami.In the book the ⑨volcanologists tell us that when a ⑩volcano_erupts，quantities of ashes will be sent into the air，that a crater will appear on the
词语串串练
top of the mountain and the flowing molten_lava usually causes forest fires.Sometimes it can burn the whole forest to the ground and even become a threat to people’s houses.If we want to visit a live volcano，we should bring useful equipment and put on a helmet，a pair of boots and a special suit.When we make our way to the crater，we should be much careful.When we get to the
昨天我买了一本关于自然力量的书，从中我了解了很多关于自然现象的知识，比如：火山爆发、喷泉、飓风、龙卷风、台风、雷暴、彩虹和海啸。在这本书中，火山学家告诉我们，当火山爆发的时候，大量的灰尘将会被释放到空中，在山的顶部会形成一个火山口，流动着的熔岩通常会引起森林大火。大火有时候会把整个森林化为灰烬，甚至威胁到人们的家园。如果我们想去参观一座活火山，我们应该带上有用的设备，戴上头盔，穿上靴子和专用的衣服。
当我们向火山口进发的时候，我们应该特别小心。当我们到达山顶的时候，我们绝对会看壮观的景色。或许我们会得到一些珍贵的石头，我们可以把它们放在我们的阳台上。关于地质学这样的知识使我对其他的自然现象也同样感兴趣。当我快速浏览完整本书的时候，我知道了很多自然的秘密，所有这些激发了我的好奇心。可能将来有一天我会成为一名博物学者、宇航员或小说家。
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谢谢使用(共18张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading－Preparing
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
What is a greenhouse used for How does it work
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
答案：A greenhouse is made of glass and is used for growing plants，especially during cold weather . The air inside is warm because the glass traps the heat from the sun and keeps it from escaping . This makes the greenhouse heat up and so the plants can grow throughout the cold period.
Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ . Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1．Who wrote the magazine article What is the name of the magazine
___________________________________________
答案：Sophie Armstrong.“Earth Care”．
2. What are the names of the three scientists mentioned
______________________________________
答案：Dr Janice Foster，Charles Keeling，George Hambley.
Ⅱ . Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Who among the four is the author
A．Sophie Armstrong. B．Charles Keeling.
C．Dr Foster. D．George Hambley.
答案：A
2．Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997
A．Sophie Armstrong. B．Charles Keeling.
C．Dr Foster. D．George Hambley.
答案：B
3．What are the graphs and quotes for
A．To attract readers’ attention.
B．To introduce the topic of global warming.
C．To give some examples.
D．To support the opinion and make it more convincing.
答案：D
4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To make readers disappointed with the problem.
B．To make readers think about the problem.
C．To show the author’s opinion on the problem.
D．To begin some discussion about the future.
答案：B
5．The author probably agrees that ________
A．actually global warming is good for man.
B．we should do nothing about the global warming.
C．catastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warming.
D．a lot remains to be found out about the effects of global warming.
答案：D
Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ . Read the text and then match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Paragraph 1)
Part 2(Paragraphs 2～5)
Part 3(Paragraph 6)
Part 4(Paragraph 7)
A．It’s up to readers to think and decide whether people should do something about global warming or not.
B．List two different attitudes among scientists towards global warming.
C．Illustrate how global warming comes about.
D．Introduce a debate over the issue of global warming.
答案：Part 1：D Part 2：C Part 3：B Part 4：A
Ⅱ . Listen to the tape and then find out the main idea of the text.
The ____________ have different ideas on whether it ____________ when the earth is becoming ____________.
答案：scientists；matters；warmer
Step Four：Summary
All scientists 1.____________ to the view that it is human activity that has caused the global warming . This activity is burning fossil fuels，to produce energy . As a result，a natural 2.____________ called the “greenhouse effect” has come 3.____________.Without this phenomenon，the earth would be about thirty-three Celsius cooler 4.____________ it is . So，we need those gases. However，the global temperature will rise when we add huge 5.____________ of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly 6.____________ the last 100 to 150 years . The attitude of scientists 7._________ this rise is completely different . Some think that the trend would be a catastrophe while some are 8.____________ to this view，and they believe that any warming will be 9.____________ with few bad environmental 10.____________.
答案：1.subscribe 2.phenomenon 3.about 4.than 5.quantities 6.over 7.to/toward(s) 8.opposed
9．mild 10.consequences
Step Five：Discussion
1．What are the effects of global warming
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)The sea level to rise.
(2) Severe storms，droughts，famines，the spread of diseases，and the destruction of species.
(3) Make plants grow faster.
2．What can we do to control the greenhouse effect
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Let us save energy and protect environment together.
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谢谢使用(共60张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
速效提能演练
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
预习多维感知
Scan the text and then choose the best answer.
1．This passage is mainly about________.
A．how to save time
B．how to win confidence
C．deep love for the lover
D．deep love for kids
答案：D
2．After reading the poem，who do you guess wrote the poem
A．A lover. B．Kids.
C．A parent. D．Teachers.
答案：C
3．“I’ve kept your smile.”Here “smile”means that you should________.
A．keep away from the difficulty
B．brave the difficulty
C．smile all the time
D．keep the good memory
答案：B
4．What does the word “it” in the last four lines refer to
A．Help. B．Smiles.
C．Love. D．Need.
答案：C
5．What do we infer from the first four lines
A．The end of summer.
B．The coming snow.
C．The coldness of winter.
D．Love and warmth.
答案：D
1. Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending.
把每个句子的开头和合适的结尾对应起来。
重点难点探究
词汇精研
品味经典
①Is now an appropriate time to make a speech
现在是发言的合适时机吗？
②Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
③Is it appropriate that we start out early
我们尽早出发合适吗？
自我探究
appropriate adj.适当的；正当的。
归纳拓展
易混辨析
appropriate，proper，suitable
(1)appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等，相当于very proper的意义。
(2)proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义，还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。
(3)suitable暗含符合某要求、完成某需要或实现某意图的能力。
④Your clothes are hardly appropriate，for a job interview.
你的衣服不太适合求职的场合。
⑤a proper tool for the job 适于工作的工具
⑥a place suitable for a picnic 适合野餐的地方
It would not be ________ for us to attend a formal wedding with the sports clothes.
A．comfortable B．appropriate
C．convenient D．available
解析：选B。考查词义辨析。句意：对于我们来说穿着运动服去参加一个正式婚礼是不合适的。appropriate“合适的”，符合语境。comfortable“舒适的”；convenient“方便的”；available“可以得到的；可以利用的”。
牛刀小试
2.If there had not been an exchange programme，he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.
如果没有交换项目，他就不会找到一个赞助人来帮他出国学习。
品味经典
①We exchanged addresses and promised to write to one another.
我们互留了地址，答应要给彼此写信。
②Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds
我在哪里可以用美元兑换英镑？
③I exchanged my seat with him.我和他交换了座位。
自我探究
exchange vt.& vi.调换；交换，交流 n．交换；交流。
归纳探究
牛刀小试
多项选择
(1)I have offered to paint the house ______ a week’s accommodation.
A．in exchange for
B．with regard to
C．by means of
D．in place of
解析：选A。in exchange for“交换”。with regard to“关于”；by means of “用……方式”；in place of “代替”。
用合适的介词填空
(2)I shook hands and exchanged a few words __________ the manager.
答案：with
(3)You can exchange your currency ________ dollars in the hotel.
答案：for
3.Do you think the speaker in the poem is more likely to be a girlfriend/boyfriend or a parent
你认为诗中的说话者更有可能是女朋友/男朋友还是一个家长？
①Can you tell me the likely result
你能告诉我可能的结果吗？
②What do you think is likely to happen
你觉得可能会发生什么事情？
③It’s quite likely that a decision will be made before the end of the year.很可能将要在年底以前做出决定。
品味经典
自我探究
likely adj.可能的。
归纳拓展
④I’d very likely have done the same thing in your situation.
如果我处在你的位置上我也很可能做同样的事。
易混辨析
possible，probable，likely
意义 句式
possible 可能性最小，指客观上有可能，往往含有“希望很小”的意味。 It’s possible that... /It’s possible (for sb.) to do sth..../make it possible (for sb.)to do sth....
probable 可能性最大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。 It’s probable that...
likely 表示外表迹象表明的有可能。同时likely本身也是副词。 It’s likely that...；sb./sth.be likely to do sth....
巧学助记
It’s possible but not likely/probable that he’ll come here next month.
他下月有可能来这里，但不是很肯定。
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考陕西卷)Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible
C．probable D．sure
解析：选A。likely作表语时，主语既可以是人，也可以是物或it，而possible, probable作表语时，主语一般不能是人，所以可排除B、C。sb.be sure to do sth.某人一定会做某事。在语气上太绝对，不符合句意，可排除。
(2)Who is ________ to go traveling with us
A．perhaps
B．possible
C．likely
D．probably
解析：选C。考查词义辨析。句意：谁有可能和我们一起去旅行呢？ 从语境看需要一个形容词，而A、D两项是副词，可以排除。possible有“可能的”之意，但其主语不能是人。故选C。
4.To hold on winter mornings when the snow is new.
当雪儿初降时，让冬天的早晨停住。
品味经典
①Please hold on I’ll try to find her.请稍候，我去找她。
②The rain held on steadily all afternoon.
雨一直下了一下午。
③How much longer do you think we can hold on
你认为我们还能坚持多久？
④She can’t walk without holding on to someone’s arm.
不扶着别人的胳膊她就无法走路。
自我探究
hold on等一下；别挂电话；继续，坚持；抓住，握住。
归纳拓展
(1)______ a moment and I will go to your rescue.
A．Go on B．Hold on
C．Move to D．Carry on
解析：选B。go on“继续下去，进行”。hold on“稍等，不挂断”；move to“移到”；carry on“继续开展，坚持”。
牛刀小试
(2)—Is Peter there
—______，please.I’ll see if I can find him for you.
A．Hold up
B．Hold on
C．Hold out
D．Hold off
解析：选B。句意：——彼得在吗？ ——请别挂电话，我去看看能不能找到他。hold on意为“别挂断电话”。hold up“阻碍；延误”；ho1d out“伸出”；hold off “推迟，拖延”。
5.I think I’ll try out his way too some time.
我想以后我也会试试他的方法。
品味经典
①I could hardly wait to try out my new bike.
我迫不及待地想试一下我的新自行车。
②Toy manufacturers use employees’ children to try new products out.
玩具制造商用他们员工的孩子来试验新产品。
自我探究
try out 试验；尝试；测试。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
The new examination system has to be ______ in special regions before it can be applied nationwide.
A put out B．experimented out
C．tried out D．taken out
解析：选C。try out “试验；测试”符合语境。put out “扑灭；生产”；take out “取出；去除”；experiment用作动词时常与with连用，意为“用……实验”。没有experiment out的搭配。
6.Slowly the blackbird lets out a cry.
慢慢地画眉发出了清脆的叫声。
品味经典
①She let out a scream of terror.她发出恐惧的叫声。
②Don’t let out the plan to the press.
别把这项计划泄露给媒体。
③He let out the bird from the cage.
他把鸟从笼子里放走了。
自我探究
let out 发出；泄露。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
Seeing the world famous pianist standing in front of her，the young girl____________a cry of joy and surprise.
A．left out B． let out
C．came out D．spoke out
解析：选B。句意：看到世界上最著名的钢琴家站在她面前，那个年轻的女孩又惊又喜，忍不住大声尖叫。let out “发出”；leave out“遗漏；冷落”；come out“发芽；出版”；speak out “说出来”。
7.Slowly the old man carries his load.
老人慢慢地扛起了自己的东西。
品味经典
①His family is really a heavy load on his shoulder.
他的家庭的确是他肩上的一个重担。
②What he said took a load off my mind.
他的一席话打消了我的顾虑。
③She’s got loads of friends in the USA.
她在美国有很多朋友。
④We still have a load of problems waiting to be solved.
我们仍然还有一大堆的问题等待解决。
⑤The cargo was being loaded onto the boat.
人们正把货物装到船上。
自我探究
load n．[C]负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)；v.装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪炮)。
归纳拓展
(1)take a load off one’s mind打消某人的顾虑
a load/loads of很多的，大量的
(2)load sth./sb.with sth.用……装载……
load sth.into/onto sb./sth.把……装入(到)……
牛刀小试
(1)Little Johnny felt the bag，curious to know what it ________.
A．collected B．contained
C．loaded D．saved
解析：选B。collect收集；contain包含，容纳；load装载；save储存，挽救。故答案为B。
(2)Trucks ________ with food and medicine waited at the border.
A．loaded B．contained
C．carried D．covered
解析：选A。句意：满载食品和药品的卡车在边界上等待。be loaded with“满载”，此处loaded为过去分词作定语。contain“包含；容纳”，不与with连用。carry“运载”为及物动词，直接加宾语。be covered with“覆盖着……”，不符合语境。
译文助读
I’VE SAVED THE SUMMER
I’ve saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.
I’ve saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness
Where your mind can feed.
And for myself I’ve kept your smile
When you were but nineteen，
Till you’re older you’ll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day.
But if you’ve a need for love
I’ll give you all I own
It might help you down the road
Till you’ve found your own.
(by Rod McKuen )
我把夏天省下
我把夏天省下，
全部交给了你。
当雪花儿初降时，
让冬天的早晨停住。
我把阳光省下，
以供你不时之需。
在那远离黑暗(darkness)的地方，
你的心灵会得到滋养。
那年你才十九岁，
我就珍藏了你的微笑。
等你长大成人以后，
才知道年轻勇敢的微笑的奥秘。
我不知道有什么办法，
帮你踏上你人生的旅程。
答案也许就在某处：
在白天结束的那个时辰。
但是如果你需要爱，
我会献上我所有的爱。
它也许能帮你踏上旅程，
直到你也找到属于你的爱。
(罗德·麦丘恩)
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共17张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading－Preparing
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
1．Can you name any ways of healthy life
________________________________________________________________________
答案：From the pictures，we can conclude that we should take exercise regularly，such as doing Taiji；playing basketball；dancing；doing morning exercises and so on.
2．However，there are many people who are leading an unhealthy life! Do you know any ways of unhealthy life
________________________________________________________________________
答案：From the pictures，we can conclude that some people live an unhealthy life，such as drinking alcohol；overeating ；cigarette smoking；drug abuse and so on.
3．Though these kinds of life are unhealthy，there are still many people choosing to live in those ways ! Do you know why they choose an unhealthy life Let’s come to our text.
Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．Why can James’ grandfather live a long and active life
________________________________________________________________________
答案：His long and active life must be due to the healthy life he lives.
2．How can you manage to quit smoking
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Prepare yourself.Be determined.Break the habit.Relax.Get help if you need it.Keep trying.
Ⅱ.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Why did the grandfather write this letter
A．To help his grandson to give up smoking.
B．To give him some advice on how to keep fit.
C．To share his experience of getting on the Internet.
D．To tell him to focus on study.
答案：A
2．How many ways did the grandfather think there were to become addicted to smoking
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案：B
3．In what way did the old man try to persuade his grandson to give up smoking
A．Using scientific theory.
B．His failure in love.
C．His sports activity.
D．His own experience.
答案：D
4．How many suggestions did the grandfather give
A．Six. B．Five.
C．Four. D．Three.
答案：A
5．From the passage，we can learn James’ grandfather has the following characteristics EXCEPT being ________.
A．determined B．energetic
C．thoughtful D．out?of?date
答案：D
Step Three：Careful Reading
Read the text carefully and match the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1 A．The writer leads to the topic of the letter by talking about James’ problem of smoking.
Paragraph 2 B．Introducing some different ways of becoming addicted.
Paragraph 3 C．Telling the writer’s hope for his grandson and advice on stopping smoking.
Paragraph 4 D．Telling the harmful effects of smoking.
Paragraph 5 E．From the life the writer is leading now，we can know the importance of healthy life.
答案：Paragraph 1：E Paragraph 2：A Paragraph 3：B
Paragraph 4：D Paragraph 5：C
Step Four：Summary
James’ grandfather writes him a letter to advise him to 1.____________ smoking.James’ grandfather says that there are three different ways you can become 2.____________ to cigarettes.You can become 3.____________ addicted to nicotine.This means that after a while your body becomes 4.____________ to having nicotine in it.You can also become addicted 5.____________ habit.Lastly，you can become 6.____________ addicted.It is difficult to give up but if you try，you can
7.____________.Smoking does 8.____________ to smokers and 9.____________.James’ grandfather also offers some 10.____________.Such as 11.____________ yourself，be determined，12.____________ and keep trying.
答案：1.quit 2.addicted 3.physically 4.accustomed
5．through 6.mentally 7.manage 8.harm 9.non?smokers 10.suggestions 11.prepare 12.relax
Step Five：Discussion
What kind of person do you think James’ grandfather is
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：He is fit and healthy and leads an active life.He takes an interest in his daughter’s and his grandson’s well?being.He is knowledgeable.He reads the Internet.He appears to love his grandson.
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谢谢使用(共51张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
速效提能演练
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer.
1．Where was the article most likely taken from
A．A letter.
B．An advertisement.
C．A textbook.
D．A TV program.
答案：C
2．How does HIV spread
A．Through blood and other body fluid.
B．Through hugging，touching or kissing.
C．Through mosquitoes.
D．Through visiting someone with AIDS.
答案：A
3．If we have meals with a person with HIV/AIDS，we will________.
A．certainly get the virus
B．lose our life soon
C．not get the virus
D．never be healthy
答案：C
4．How many suggestions did the writer put forward to stay safe
A．Five. B．Six.
C．Four. D．Three.
答案：D
5．According to the writer，how should we act towards people with AIDS
A．Treat patients with AIDS in a scientific way.
B．Look down upon patients with AIDS.
C．Stay away from patients with AIDS.
D．Do our best to avoid AIDS.
答案：A
Ⅱ.Work in pairs or groups.Fill in the blanks below according to the text (P22)．
HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK？
The definition of HIV HIV is a(n)1.________that weakens a person’s 2.________system.
The spread of HIV It is spread through 3.________or the fluid that the body makes during 4.________.
The measures of protection Do not share a(n) 5.________or anything else that a person has used while 6.________. Using a(n) 7.________while having sex.
Wrong ideas One cannot get HIV when they have sex 8.________. You can tell by 9.________someone whether or not they have HIV.
Only 10.________get AIDS.
HIV/AIDS can be infected by hugging，touching or 11.________someone with AIDS.
12.________can spread HIV/AIDS.
答案：1.virus 2.immune 3.blood 4.sex 5.needle 6.injecting drugs 7.condom 8.for the first time
9．looking at 10.homosexuals 11.kissing 12.Mosquitoes
1.In spite of all his efforts he failed.
尽管他竭尽全力了，但还是失败了。
重点难点探究
词汇精研
品味经典
①We arrived at the station in spite of the storm.
虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达火车站。
②In spite of the language difficulty，we soon became friends.
尽管有语言障碍，我们却很快成为了朋友。
自我探究
in spite of ＝despite prep.不顾；尽管。后接名词或名词短语。
归纳拓展
句型转换
(1)Though he is rich，his life is not happy.
________ ________ ________his being rich，his life is not happy.
答案：In spite of
(2)Although he had hurt his leg，he played football.
________ ________ ________the injured leg，he played football.
答案：In spite of
牛刀小试
(3)He knows a lot about the international affairs，despite his young age.
A．He knows a lot about the international affairs ________ ________ ________his young age.
B．________ ________he is，he knows a lot about the international affairs.
答案：A.in spite of B．Young as
2.He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他觉得每一步他都不得不下定决心而不是冒险。
品味经典
①Everyone who wants to succeed must take risks.
每一个想要成功的人都需要冒险。
②He took a risk when he crossed the old bridge.
他冒险过这座旧桥。
自我探究
take risks (a risk)冒险。
归纳探究
③He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.
他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。
④I couldn’t take the risk of leaving him alone even for a short time.
我不能冒险把他单独留下，哪怕一小会儿。
⑤When children start smoking，they don’t realize that they’re risking their health.儿童开始抽烟时，并没有意识到是在拿自己的健康去冒险。
⑥I couldn’t risk missing the train.
我不能冒着误火车的风险。
⑦He risked his life to save the child.
他冒着生命危险去救孩子。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)He got well?prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk ________________________
(冒险失去这次好机会)．
答案：losing the good opportunity
多项选择
(2)(2011年临沂高二检测)If your race car isn’t insured，you may ________ losing everything when it hit something solid.
A．delay B．deny
C．avoid D．risk
解析：选D。delay延迟；推迟；deny否认；否定；avoid避免；risk冒险，只有D项符合语境。
3. Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!
当然，对待毒品的最好方法是从一开始就别染上(吸毒的)习惯！
①He had long got into the habit of stealing.
他早就染上了偷窃的习惯。
②Nobody likes to get into trouble.没有谁愿意惹麻烦。
③How did he get into drugs 他是怎么染上毒品的？
④I first got into rock ’n’ roll when I was at college.
我开始喜欢摇滚乐是上大学的时候。
品味经典
自我探究
get into 陷入；染上 (坏习惯)；对……产生兴趣。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
I never used to like jazz but I’ve been ________ it recently.
A．getting through B．getting to
C．getting into D．getting over
解析：选C。get into陷入；开始喜欢，符合题意。
4.Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward.
然后她递给我一支烟，我感到尴尬和局促不安。
品味经典
①He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.
他很尴尬地承认犯了一个错误。
②I felt embarrassed about how untidy the house was.
这房子太不整洁了，我对此感到很难为情。
自我探究
embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的。
归纳拓展
The teachers are supposed to teach us about“safe sex” but most of them are too________.
A．embarrassed B．allergic
C．funny D．worried
解析：选A。考查词语辨析。句意：老师应该教我们关于性安全的知识，但是他们大多感到尴尬。embarrassed尴尬的；难为情的，符合语境。allergic过敏的；funny滑稽的；worried担忧的。
牛刀小试
5.You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV.通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。
句型巧析
品味经典
①Tell me whether or not you are interested.
告诉我你有没有兴趣。
②Whether you like it or not，you must do it well.
无论你喜欢还是不喜欢，你都要把这事做好。
③Whether or not it rains，we’re playing football on Saturday.无论下不下雨，我们星期六一定踢足球。
④He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
是开车去还是坐火车去，他犹豫不决。
自我探究
whether用来引导出两种非此即彼的可能性。构成结构有：whether...or...；whether...or not...；whether or not...。可以引导宾语从句或让步状语从句。
牛刀小试
完成句子
All people，________________(不论他们是年老还是年轻)，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
答案：whether they are old or young
译文助读
HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK
HIV is a virus.A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.There are many different viruses，for example，the flu virus or the SARS virus.HIV weakens a person’s immune system；that is，the part of the body that fights disease.You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness is called AIDS.If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small.
HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex.For a person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus，has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.One day scientists will find a cure for HIV/AIDS.Until that happens，you need to protect yourself.Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.
If you inject drugs：
·do not share your needle with anyone else.Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle.If a person has HIV and you use the same needle，you could inject the virus into your own blood.
·do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.Blood could have spilt on it.
HIV病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？
HIV是一种病毒(人体免疫缺损病毒)。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。它有许多种类，如流感病毒和SARS病毒。HIV病毒破坏人体的免疫(immune)系统，也就是说使人体抗衡疾病的免疫功能减弱。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病。如果你得上了艾滋病，幸存(survival)的几率很小。
HIV是通过血液或性交(sex)时产生的体液(fluid)而传播的。携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射(injection)才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治HIV病毒和艾滋病的疗法的。在这之前，你必须保护你自己。你可以按这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己的安全：
假如你要注射药物：
·不要同别人共用注射针(needle)。别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。如果某人有HIV病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把别人的病毒注入你的血液中来。
·在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他东西，因为血液可能会溅(spill)到这些物品上来。
If you have sex with a male or a female：
·use a condom.This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.
The following statements are NOT true.
·A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex.WRONG.If one sexual partner has HIV，the other partner could become infected.
·You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV.WRONG.Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
·Only homosexuals get AIDS.WRONG.Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus.Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.
·If you hug，touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home，you will get HIV/AIDS.WRONG.You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid.Unfortunately，people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice.Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIV/AIDS.For the same reason，some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick.
You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes.WRONG.There is no evidence of this.
假如你同男人(male)或女人(female)性交：
·要使用避孕套(condom)。它可以防止性交时产生的体液的传入。
下列这些说法都是错误的。
·初次性交的人不可能染上HIV病毒。错了。如果性交的某一方有了HIV病毒，另一方就有可能传染上。
·通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。错了。许多HIV病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
·只有同性恋者(homosexual)才得艾滋病。错了。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒的人性交，他们就有染上这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。
·如果你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家作客，你就会从他们那里感染上HIV病毒或得艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的体液传染上这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见(prejudice)，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。
许多人担心他们会从病毒携带者那儿染上HIV病毒，感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病者在生病时找不到任何人来照顾他们。
·蚊子可以传染HIV病毒和艾滋病。错了。目前还没有证据说明这一点。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共65张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1.Sometimes working outdoors，sometimes in an office，sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists，I am never bored.(我)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和游客，我从来不感到厌烦。
品味经典
Our school has been given some new equipment.
我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
自我探究
equipment n．[U]设备；装备。
注意：equipment为不可数名词，没有复数，也不能直接加不定冠词。
[译]这是件很有用的厨房用具。
[误]It’s a very useful kitchen equipment.
[正]It’s a very useful piece of kitchen equipment.
牛刀小试
完成句子
A good sleeping bag is an essential part of ________(装备) for every camper.
答案：equipment
2.I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
二十年前，作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站工作。
品味经典
①Mr.Smith appointed Linda to be/as his secretary.
史密斯先生任命琳达为他的秘书。
②They have appointed a new manager.
他们已经任命了一位新经理。
③We must appoint somebody to finish the tough task.
我们得指定一个人去完成这项艰难的任务。
④We must appoint a day to meet again.
我们要约定好下次会面的日期。
自我探究
appoint vt.任命；委派；约定(时间、地点等)。
归纳拓展
(1)appoint sb.任命某人
appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人担任……
appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事(2)appointment n.[C，U]任命；约会make/have/fix an appointment with与……约会keep/break one’s appointment守约/失约
⑤I have made an appointment with the doctor at 2 p．m..
我已约定下午两点去看医生。
⑥You’d better not break your appointment.
你最好不要失约。
易混辨析
appointment，date
appointment 通常指与人谈生意或与医生等事先约定的见面。
date 通常指恋爱时的“约会”。
牛刀小试
(1)Mr.Wang has fallen ill，so we must ________ a new teacher to the mountain school to take his place.
A．appreciate B．appoint
C．assist D．approach
解析：选B。appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事；appreciate欣赏，感激；assist帮助；approach接近，靠近。句意：王先生病倒了，因此我们必须委派一位新教师到这所山区学校去代替他。
(2)—Did you see the manager yesterday
—No.Maybe I should have made an ________ with him in advance.
A．announcement B．arrangement
C．agreement D．appointment
解析：选D。announcement宣告；arrangement安排；agreement协议，共识；make an appointment with sb.约见某人；与某人约会。句意：“你昨天见到经理了吗？”“没有，或许我原应该提前约见他。”
3.Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流去，流速是多少。
品味经典
①You should be able to evaluate your own work.
你应该能够评估你自己的工作。
②Learn to evaluate all situations you find.
学着去评估你发现的所有情况。
③It’s hard to evaluate her as a singer.
要把她当歌手来评价很难。
④Can you evaluate her chances of success
你能估计她成功的机会吗？
自我探究
evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计。
易混辨析
evaluate，value，estimate
evaluate 很少用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值，大多是用来表示“评价”。
value 估计某物的“价值、价格”。
estimate 表示的“估计”只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。
⑤By marks in numbers or letters，the teacher evaluates a student’s work.
老师用数字或字母符号来评价学生的作业。
⑥She valued the house for me at ￥85,000.
她为我估价了这幢房子，值85000元。
⑦He estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre.
他估计每英亩有2250000多只蜘蛛。
牛刀小试
Our research attempts to ________ the effectiveness of the different drugs.
A．weigh B．evaluate
C．measure D．estimate
解析：选B。evaluate评估，评价；weigh重；称(重量)；measure测量(长度，高度等)；estimate估计(成本、数量等)。句意：我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。
4 .We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.
我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，带上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。
品味经典
①I picked out a black suit.我挑了一套黑色西装。
②It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.
要想找到适合所有人的时间几乎是不可能的。
③No dish suits all tastes.[谚]众口难调。
自我探究
suit n. [C]一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜。
易混辨析
suit，fit
suit 侧重“合乎条件、身份、口味、需要等”。
fit 侧重“尺寸大小合适”，因而引申为“吻合；安装”。
巧学助记
The dress fits you well，but its colour doesn’t suit you.
你穿这件衣服很合身，但颜色不合适。
牛刀小试
—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema
—That ________ me fine.
A．fits B．meets
C．satisfies D．suits
解析：选D。fit指某物在大小、外形上适合某人或某物；meet指某物能够满足某需求、要求或条件；satisfy指某人或某物足以让人感到满足或高兴；suit指某种情况对某人来说是可接受的或方便的，而且常常用very well或fine(＝very well)修饰来加强程度。句意：——八点钟在电影院外(见面)怎么样？——这个提议正好适合我。
5.It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.
穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。
品味经典
①Though it was raining hard，he made his way home.
尽管雨下得很大，他还是回家了。
自我探究
make one’s way 前往，向某地走去。
注意：make one’s way相当于go的意思，但更侧重于突破障碍，排除困难而前行。
归纳拓展
make way for让路；让位
feel one’s way摸索着前行
fight one’s way奋勇前进；杀出一条路
push one’s way推挤着前行
wind one’s way蜿蜒向前
lose one’s way迷路
force one’s way out挤出去；冲出去
②The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
③Though surrounded by the enemies on all sides，the brave soldiers managed to fight their way out.
尽管被敌人四面包围，但英勇的战士们还是杀出了一条血路。
牛刀小试
根据括号中的提示翻译句子
(1)灯突然熄灭了，同学们一个个地摸黑走出教室。
(feel one’s way)
_______________________________________
答案：The lights went out suddenly.One by one the students felt their way out of the classroom.
(2)天渐渐黑了，我们向火车站走去，到达时刚好赶上火车。(make one’s way)
__________________________________________
答案：It was getting dark and we made our way to the railway station，arriving there just in time to catch our train.
6.Yet，however weak we are，we are not completely powerless.
然而，不论我们多么脆弱，我们并不是完全没有力量。
句型巧析
品味经典
①We’ll have to finish the job，no matter how/however long it may take.
不管要花多长时间，我们都要完成这项工作。
自我探究
句中however weak we are是让步状语从句。however用作从属连词，意为“不论多么；无论如何”，相当于no matter how。
归纳拓展
(1)whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever等“疑问词＋ever”构成的词相当于no matter what/who/which/when/where，意为“不管……；无论……”，引导让步状语从句。
②No matter when/Whenever I go to see him，he is always busy with his work.无论我何时去看他，他总是忙于工作。
③No matter where/Wherever you go，I will follow you.,你走到哪里，我跟到哪里。
(2)whatever/whoever/whichever/whomever还可以引导名词性从句，此时不能用no matter...结构。④You may choose whichever you like.
你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。(宾语从句)
⑤Whoever leaves last must lock the door.
不管谁最后离开都必须锁门。(主语从句)
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)________________________(不管多么严重的问题)you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
答案：However serious a problem(Whatever a serious problem)
(2)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________________(无论什么季节)．
答案：whatever the season(is)
2.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
品味经典
①We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。
自我探究
when在此为并列连词，常用于引导一个突然出现的动作，意为“正在这时/那时”，相当于and at this/that time。
归纳拓展
易混辨析
be about to，be going to，be to
be about to 表示最近的将来，意为“正要，即将”，不可与具体的时间状语连用。
be going to be to 多表示计划或安排，意为“打算”，可与具体的时间状语连用。be to表示约定的，计划中的或按职责、义务、要求即将发生的动作，还可以指注定要发生的动作。
③We are going to leave tomorrow.明天我们就要走了。
④The sports meeting is to take place on Sunday morning.
运动会周日上午举行。
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window________ his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if
C．and D．till
解析：选A。本题考查“be about to do...when...“正要干……时，突然……”句型。该句型须用when“在那时，突然”搭配。
(2)She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while
C．after D．since
解析：选A。when在本句中作并列连词，意为：and at that time。while作并列连词，表示对比转折，意为“而”；after为从属连词或介词，意为：在……之后；since自从……时候，既然……。
3.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
品味经典
①The weather being fine，we have made up our minds to go for a picnic.
天气很好，我们决定去野炊。
②It being Sunday，we decided to go for an hiking.
因为是星期天，我们决定去远足。
③There being no time left，we had to speed up.
剩下的时间不多了，我们只好加快了速度。
④The meeting over，they all went home.
会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
自我探究
句中this being my first experience是独立主格结构，在这里作原因状语。
归纳拓展
独立主格结构是一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或名词(即 n./pron.＋v. ing/ ed/to do/adj./adv./prep.phrase/n.)构成。独立主格结构用于修饰整个句子。
注意：(1)一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句尾。一般有逗号与主句分开。
⑤Many people，most of them experts from America，attended the conference.
很多人参加了这次会议，其中大多数是来自美国的专家。
(2)独立主格结构中，不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生，动词 ing形式表示正在进行的动作或状态，动词 ed形式往往表示已经完成的被动行为。
⑥So many windows to clean，I had to devote the whole afternoon.
因为很多窗户需要擦，我只好奉献出一个下午。
⑦The question being discussed，a man came up with a practical solution.
正讨论这个问题时，有人提出了一个切实可行的计划。
⑧All the windows cleaned，I had a rest.
所有窗户都擦完，我好好休息了一下。
(3)无动词独立主格结构往往可看作是“名词/代词＋being＋表语”结构中省略了being。
⑨Many students joined in the maths competition，most of them children of no more than ten years old.很多学生参加了这次数学竞赛，其中大多数是年仅十岁的儿童。
(4)在表示方式的独立主格结构中，往往将冠词或代词皆省略。
⑩Whitney came in，(a) smile on (his) face.
惠特尼进来了，脸上带着笑。
Lucy stood by the door，(a) toy in (her) hand.
鲁西站在门旁，手里拿着玩具。
(5)with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语
几乎所有的独立主格结构都可在其逻辑主语前加上with，构成with结构，在句中常作原因状语、伴随状语、方式状语或定语。表达相反的意义时用without。
Leech could not finish it without me to help him.
没有我帮他，李奇不会完成的。
Without anyone noticing，I stole into the room.
没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋子。
He took off his shoes and crept up the stairs without any steps being heard.
他脱了鞋，轻轻地走上楼，听不见一点儿脚步声。
A woman with a baby in her arms came into the waiting room.
怀里抱着一位婴儿的妇女走进候诊室。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)The village seemed deserted，the only sign of life ________(是)some trees waving in the wind.
答案：being
(2)The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons ________(完成)for the day.
答案：finished
译文助读
AN EXCITING JOB
I have the greatest job in the world.I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world.Sometimes working outdoors，sometimes in an office，sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists，I am never bored.Although my job is occasionally dangerous.I don’t mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.However，the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.
I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea，which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately，we cannot move their homes out of the way，and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth，it causes less damage than you might imagine.This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea，where the rocks fall.The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However，the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.
一份令人兴奋的工作
我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道(alongside)工作的人来自世界各地。(我)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学仪器(equipment)，有时要会见当地百姓和游客，我从来不感到厌烦。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不在乎，因为危险能激励我，使我感到有活力。然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。
20年前，作为一名火山学家，我被派(appoint)到夏威夷火山观测站(observatory)(HVO)工作。我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山(Mount Kilauea)的数据资料(database)，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。收集和评估(evaluate)了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流去，流速是多少。我们的工作拯救了许多人的生命，因为在熔岩流经之地，老百姓都可以得到离开家园的通知。遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流过的地方，因此，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽(burn to the ground)。
当滚烫的岩石从火山喷发出来并撒落回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小些。这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。而顺着山坡下流的像波浪(wave)一样的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔(molten熔化的)岩下面了。然而火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。
It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii.Having worked hard all day，I went to bed early.I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound，like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.It was an absolutely fantastic sight.
The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption.Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory，we put them on before we went any closer.All three of us looked like spacemen.We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.
It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.Having studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
那是在我抵达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天我辛辛苦苦地干了一整天，很早就上床睡觉了。我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车在我的窗外行驶一样。因为我在夏威夷就经历过多次地震，所以对这种声音我并没在意。我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。在山的一边有火山喷发，红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样，朝天上喷射(fountain泉水般地喷出)达几百米高。真是绝(absolutely绝对地)妙的奇景！
就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我有幸作了一次近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学家驱车上山，到最靠近这次火山喷口的地方才下车。早先从观测站出发时就带了一些特别的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。我们三个人看上去就像宇航员(spaceman)一样。我们都穿着白色的防护服(suit)遮住全身，戴上了头盔(helmet)和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子(boot)。穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓前往(make one’s way)火山口的边缘，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
如今，我和当初从事这项工作时一样满怀热情。虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的(potential潜能)巨大破坏力仍然感到惊愕不已。
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谢谢使用(共76张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
速效提能演练
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer.
1．What is the main idea of the text
A．How to write a letter of advice.
B．How to deal with global warming.
C．Go to help people in need.
D．People just wait and see what will happen.
答案：B
2．What project is Ouyang Guang doing at school
A．What we can do about global warming.
B．What is happening around us.
C．Who is going to give a speech.
D．When the meeting will begin.
答案：A
3．What can we do with pollution
A. We should put up with it.
B．We should know the danger of it.
C．We should listen to the teacher.
D．We should pay more attention to what we do every day.
答案：D
4．Which is NOT one of the suggestions Earth Care gave
A．Don’t be casual about your electrical appliances.
B．Walk or ride a bike rather than drive a car if we can.
C．Buy things not using plastic bags.
D．Be an educator and encourage others to focus on global warming.
答案：C
5．What will the earth be like if we do our best to protect it
A．It will be dirty.
B．It will be clear and clean.
C．There won’t be pollution any longer.
D．It will remain the same as it is.
答案：B
Ⅱ . Work in pairs or groups . Fill in the blanks below according to the text (P30)．
WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING？
Ouyang Guang’s opinions ★Individuals can have little effect on the1.____________problems.
★Everyone should advocate 2.____________in the way we use energy.
Earth Care’ s views ★Individuals can 3.____________to the environment.
★The growth of 4.____________，carbon dioxide in the air is closely related to what we do in our daily life.
Earth Care’s suggestions ★Save energy in our house － 5.__________the electrical appliance if it is not used.
★6.____________or ride a bike instead of taking motor vehicles.
★Recycle things which can be used again and buy things made from 7.____________materials.
★Buy things that are 8.____________with energy.
★Plant 9.____________.
★Educate the people around you about10.____________.
答案：1.environmental 2.improvements 3.make a difference 4.the greenhouse gas 5.turn off 6.Walk 7.recycled 8.economical 9.trees 10.global warming
1.On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.
总体上来说，全球气候变暖是一种引起广泛关注的现象。
重点难点探究
词汇精研
品味经典
①His business，on the whole，was successful.
他的事业大体上是成功的。
②My opinion is on the whole the same as yours.
我的意见大体上同你的差不多。
③On the whole our talks were going on smoothly.
总的来说，我们的谈判进展顺利。
自我探究
on the whole大体上；基本上；总的来说。
归纳拓展
as a whole 作为一个整体；总体上
in general 大体上；总的来说
generally speaking 一般来说
④I analyzed his words as a whole.
我是把他的言论作为一个整体来分析的。
牛刀小试
You have made a few grammar mistakes in your essay but ________ you have done well.
A．on the whole B．on the other hand
C．first of all D．generally speaking
解析：选A。on the whole总的来说；on the other hand另一方面；first of all首先，最重要的是；generally speaking通常来说。句意：虽然你在你的论文中出了一些语法错误，但是总的来说你写得很出色。
2.The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15 ℃.温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃左右。
品味经典
①The average price of houses in this city has increased by nearly 30%.
这个城市的平均房价增长了近百分之三十。
②The average of 4,5 and 9 is 6.
4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。
③These marks are well above/below average.
这些分数远在一般水平以上/以下。
④We have been very busy these days，averaging ten hours’work a day.
我们这些日子很忙，平均每天工作十小时。
自我探究
average(1)adj.平均的；普通的；一般的；
(2)n.[C，U]平均数；平均水平；
(3)v.平均数为……；算出平均数。
归纳拓展
the average of...……的平均数
on (the/an) average平均；一般地；通常below/above (the) average在平均水平以下/上
⑤Another estimate states that on average，one language dies every two weeks.
另外一项推测认为，平均每两周就有一种语言消失。
易混辨析
average，common
(1)average指人或事物的性质或标准与一般水平相当，因而很一般，不突出。
(2)common指许多人或事物因为共同具有一些性质而很常见。
牛刀小试
(2010年高考江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000，a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A．average B．number
C．amount D．quantity
解析：选A。a number of许多；an amount of一般加不可数名词；a quantity of既可以加可数名词也可以加不可数名词。其他三项都没有平均每年增加的意思。
3.I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.
我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
品味经典
①On behalf of the class I would like to thank you all.
我谨代表全班感谢大家。
②Mr.Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.
奈特先生不能来，因此由他的夫人代他领奖。
自我探究
on behalf of sb.＝on sb . ’s behalf代表……一方；作为……的代言人。
牛刀小试
________ all my family，I sincerely thank you for what you have done for us.
A．Represent B．Stand for
C．On behalf of D．Instead of
解析：选C。 represent“代表”，但此处须用representing形式；stand for应用standing for的形式；instead of代替；on behalf of代表。句意：我代表我的全家真心感谢你们为我们所做的一切。
4 .However，I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.
然而我仍认为人们现在应该支持改善日常能源的消耗。
品味经典
①The group does not advocate the use of violence.
该团体不支持使用暴力。
②The public advocated passing the law.
公众支持通过这条法律。
③He is an advocate of peace.他拥护和平。
自我探究
advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张 n．拥护者；提倡者；鼓吹者。
归纳拓展
advocate doing sth.主张/支持做……
advocate that sb.(should) do...主张/拥护……
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)他主张削减军费开支。
He __________________ military spending.
答案：advocates reducing
(2)他们主张通过这一新法律。
They advocate that ______________.
答案：the new law (should) be passed
5.There are many people who have a commitment like yours，but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.
有许多人承担你这样的义务，而他们不相信自己有能力来影响环境。
品味经典
①I felt I did not have to make such a commitment to them.
我觉得我没有必要对他们做出那样的承诺。
②Marriage is a great commitment.婚姻是很大的责任。
③My aunt has a sincere commitment to Buddhism.
我姑妈笃信佛教。
自我探究
commitment n．[C，U]承诺；委托，交托；信奉。
归纳拓展
commit vt. 承诺，保证；委托；犯(错误、罪行)，做(坏事、傻事)
commit oneself/sb.to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事commit a mistake犯错误
commit suicide自杀
committee n.委员会
牛刀小试
By signing the lease we made a ________ to pay a rent of ￥500 a month.
A．conception B．commission
C．commitment D．confinement
解析：选C。conception构思，构想；commission授权，委托；commitment许诺，约定；confinement限制；禁闭。句意：我们签订了租约，答应每月付租金500元。
6.We do not have to put up with pollution.
我们不必忍受污染。
品味经典
①He couldn’t put up with the noise，so he kept the windows shut all day long.
他忍受不了嘈杂声，所以整天窗户紧闭。
②I won’t put up with her rudeness any longer!
她的态度粗鲁无理，我再也不会容忍她了。
自我探究
put up with 忍受；容忍。
归纳拓展
put away储存(钱)；将……收起
put aside储蓄；存……备用；节省(时间、钱)
put forward提出(意见、建议)
put off推迟；延期
put on表演；上演(戏剧)；增(肥)；戴上
put out熄灭；扑灭
put up举起；张贴；搭建；提供(食宿))
牛刀小试
Eventually，the husband could no longer ________ his wife’s complaints about his inability to make much money，and he divorced her.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．stand up with D．bear up with
解析：选B。come up with提出；put up with忍受；stand up with陪伴；没有短语bear up with。句意：最后，丈夫不再忍受妻子对他没有能力挣太多钱的抱怨，和她离了婚。
7.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not，turn it off!
用电器设备时你可以让他开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
品味经典
electrical equipment/appliances电器设备，电器
The cooker is not working because of an electrical fault.
这个炊具因电器故障不能用了。
自我探究
electrical adj.电的；与电有关的。
归纳拓展
electric adj.电的；电动的；用电的；带电的；导电的
electricity n.电
electronic adj. 电子的
易混辨析
electric，electrical
(1)electric 表示与电直接有关的，以电为动力或发动的物体。
(2)electrical表示与电的知识或与电的研究有关的人或事物，常译为“电气的”。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)我的叔叔是一个电气工程师。
My uncle is an __________ engineer.
答案：electrical
(2)这个炉子是电动的。
The fire is __________.
答案：electric
8.Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
如果环境允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
品味经典
①Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.
我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚我们会不会活着回去。
②He was forced by the circumstances to do this.
他做此事是为环境所迫。
③Nobody can help him under the circumstances.
在这种情况下没有人能帮助他。
④Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.
你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。
自我探究
circumstance n. [C，常pl.]环境；情况。
归纳拓展
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下
under/in no circumstances无论如何也不；决不
注意：under no circumstances放于句首时，句子需用部分倒装语序。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)At no time and under no circumstances ________(中国将是)the first to use nuclear weapons.
答案：will China be
多项选择
(2)Under these ________，it is rather difficult for our products to put a footing on this market.
A．situations B．cases
C．circumstances D．conditions
解析：选C。under these circumstances在这种情况下；其他三个词都有“情况”的意思，但都不与under连用。
9.Remember —your contribution counts!
记住——你的贡献很有价值！
(1)contribution
品味经典
①The invention of paper was a great contribution to human civilization.
纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。
②He gives a ten dollar contribution to the church every Sunday.
他每个星期日捐10美元给教会。
自我探究
contribution n．[U，C]贡献；捐款；捐资。
归纳拓展
(1)make a contribution/ contributions to (doing) sth.为……作贡献
(2)contribute v.贡献；有助于；投稿；捐款contribute sth.to...把……捐赠给……，给……投稿；为……贡献……
contribute to 有助于；捐款；促成，导致(＝lead to)
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)那位作家亲自捐了5000英镑给地震基金。
The writer personally ________ ￡5,000 ________ the earthquake fund.
答案：contributed；to
(2)你愿为医院重建基金捐款吗？
Would you like to ________________ the hospital rebuilding fund
答案：contribute to/make a contribution to
(2)count
品味经典
①Every second counts.每一秒都很重要。
②Tom’s opinions don’t count.汤姆的意见不值得考虑。
自我探究
count vi.有价值；有影响；值得考虑；算数。
归纳拓展
count vt.数；计算；认为；看作
③I count him as my closest friend.
我把他看作我一个最亲密的朋友。
牛刀小试
多项选择
(3)As time is so pressing that every minute ________，________ every minute should be made full use of ________ your grades.
A．matters；so that；improving
B．counts；/；improving
C．matters；so；to improve
D．counts；/；to improve
解析：选D。第一空可用counts或matters，意为“重要，有影响”；第二空因句首已有从属连词as，所以该空不需用连词；第三空用不定式形式表目的状语。
10.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it —_if not，turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用，就把它关掉！
(1)so/as long as
句型巧析
品味经典
①We can overcome any difficulties so/as long as we are closely united.
只要我们团结一致，就没有什么不能克服的困难。
自我探究
so long as ＝(as long as)，“只要”，从属连词，引导条件状语从句。
归纳拓展
(1)“和……一样长；长达……”，常用as long as。(2)在否定句中，表示“和……不一样长”时，
not so long as ＝not as long as。
②The meeting lasted as long as four hours.
会议长达四个小时。
③Line AB is not as/so long as line CD.
线段AB和线段CD不一样长。
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考江西卷)—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it Well，that doesn’t matter ________ you enjoyed yourselves.
A．as long as B．unless
C．as soon as D．though
解析：选A。as long as“只要”；unless“除非”；as soon as“一……就……”；though“尽管”。
(2)You may use the room as you like ________ you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as
C．in case D．even if
解析：选B。so far as就……而言；so long as只要；in case以防；even if即使。
(2)if not
品味经典
①I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.
我想火车是正午开，你最好打车去。否则可能会错过。
②Is anybody feeling cold If not，let’s put the central heating off.
有谁感到冷吗？ 如果没有，就把暖气关掉。
自我探究
if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式。
归纳拓展
if so 如果这样
if any 若有
if necessary 如果有必要
③Point out errors，if any.若有错误，请指正。
④Take this camera with you，if necessary.
如果有必要，带上照相机去吧！
牛刀小试
(3)(2011年山东潍坊质量监测)When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted.________，they will have no trees to cut down in the future.
A．If not B．If so
C．If no so D．If don’t
解析：选A。考查省略。句意：当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树，不然的话，他们以后就没有树木可砍了。If not如果不，不然；If so如果这样的话。
(4) Some of you may have finished Unit One.________，you can go on to Unit Two.
A．If you may B．If you do
C．If not D．If so
解析：选D。If so”如果这样”，这是一种省略句。这里的so代替上文提到的句子。
译文助读
WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING
Dear Earth Care，
I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.However，I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.As I’m not sure where to start with my project，I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.
Thank you !
Ouyang Guang
Dear Ouyang Guang，
There are many people who have a commitment like yours，but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.That is not true.Together，individuals can make a difference.We do not have to put up with pollution.
The growth of the greenhouse gas，carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day.Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it.They should get you started with your project.
关于全球变暖，我们能做些什么呢？
亲爱的“关爱地球”组织：
我正代表(on behalf of)学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人(individual)是起不了什么作用的。然而我仍认为人们应该支持(advocate)改善日常能源的消耗方式。由于我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我希望能得到你们的建议。
谢谢！
欧阳光
亲爱的欧阳光：
有许多人承担你这样的义务(commitment)，而他们不相信自己有能力来影响环境。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受(put up with)污染(pollution)。
空气中的温室气体，二氧化碳的增长(growth)的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。这儿有几条关于减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应当能够帮助你展开研究。
1 We use a lot of energy in our houses.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off! Do not be casual about this.So if you are not using the lights，the TV，the computer，and so on，turn them off.If you are cold，put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.
2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energy－so walk or ride a bike if you can.
3 Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.
4 Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy—this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.
5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard，as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.
6 Finally and most importantly，be an educator.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.
Remember—your contribution counts !
Earth Care
1在室内我们会用大量的能源。只要(so long as)在用电器设备(electrical appliance)，你就可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！不要对此疏忽大意(casual)。因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等(and so on)时，要把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服，而不要把暖气开大。
2机动(motor)车要用大量的能源。因此，只要可以，你就步行或骑自行车吧。
3如果情况(circumstance)允许的话，把罐头盒(can)、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要可以，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
4劝你的父母去买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉(microwave)之类的小件物品。
5在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，因为它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏它们的时候使你感觉清爽(refresh使振作)。
6最后，也最重要的是，做一个教育者(educator)。同你的家人和朋友谈一谈全球变暖的问题，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。
记住，你的贡献(contribution)是很有价值的！
“关爱地球”组织
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共23张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading－Preparing
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
1．What disasters do you know
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Hurricane；Typhoon; Sandstorm; Earthquake; Tornado; Snowstorm; Volcano
2．How is a volcano formed
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The rocks under the earth becomes hotter and hotter and erupted from the mountain.
Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and then answer the following questions.
1．Where is Mount Kilauea
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is in Hawaii.
2．What is the volcanologist wearing when getting close to the crater
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：He is wearing white protective suits that covered his whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves，just like a spaceman.
Ⅱ.Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The writer doesn’t mind the occasional danger of his job because ________.
A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world
B．he likes the different ways of working
C．he is excited about dangers and feels alive
D．he thinks his job the most important
答案：C
2．What does the writer mean by using “lucky” in the sentence“ I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it”？
A．He felt much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater.
B．It was his first sight of an eruption.
C．It was the first time for him to watch the crater.
D．Both B and C.
答案：D
3．Why does the author think his job is the greatest
A．It makes him feel excited and alive.
B．It’s the most dangerous job in the world.
C．It allows him to travel to many places.
D．It allows him to see volcanoes erupt.
答案：A
4．What did the author do after he was appointed as a volcanologist
A．He collected information about Mount Kilauea on the spot.
B．He analyzed the data and predicted where the lava would flow.
C．He persuaded people to move their homes out of the path of the lava.
D．He saved people who were covered with lava.
答案：B
5．Which of the following descriptions of an eruption is NOT correct
A．It causes great damage near the top of Mount Kilauea.
B．The places where the lava flows are usually seriously damaged.
C．It can be seen from a distance，even in a house garden.
D．The lava can fountain hundreds of meters.
答案：A
6．When the author went to the location of the eruption，he ________.
A．asked two other scientists to guide him
B．went close to the crater formed during the eruption
C．was wearing protective suits the same as the spaceman
D．collected some lava for further study
答案：B
7．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．the author thinks volcanoes are full of mystery
B．Hawaii is the place with the most active volcanoes
C．people can mistake an eruption for an earthquake
D．it’s safe for people to go near a crater after an eruption
答案：C
Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and then answer the following questions.
1．What shows that the author like his job in Paragraph 1 and the last paragraph
___________________________________________
答案：(1) I have the greatest job in the world.
(2)Danger excites me and makes me feel alive.
(3)Today I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.
(4)I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
2．Why was it difficult for the writer to walk towards the edge of the crater
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The author was wearing special protective clothes that made it difficult to walk.
Ⅱ.Read the text carefully and then match the main idea of each part.
Part 1：Paras(1～2)
Part 2：Paras(3～4)
Part 3：Para(5)
A．The reasons why the writer is enthusiastic about his job.
B．What the writer’s job is and the importance of his job.
C．The writer’s experience of watching the volcano eruption.
答案：Part 1：B Part 2：C Part 3：A
Step Four：Summary
AN EXCITING JOB
I’m a volcanologist.I travel to unusual places and meet interesting people from all over the world，but I’m never bored.
Having collected and 1.____________ the information of volcanoes，I help other scientists to 2.____________ the information about volcanoes，but unfortunately，we cannot move people’s homes 3.____________，and many houses have been covered with lava or 4.____________.
I’ll never forget my first sight of an eruption—red hot lava was 5.____________ hundreds of metres into the air，which was an absolutely 6.____________ sight.We scientists wore special clothes and slowly 7.____________ the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.
I am still 8.____________ at volcanoes’ beauty as well as their 9.____________ to cause great 10.____________.
答案：1.evaluated 2.predict 3.out of the way 4.burned to the ground 5.fountaining 6.fantastic 7.made our way to 8.amazed 9.potential 10.damage
Step Five：Discussion
Why is a volcanologist’s job important
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Volcanologists study volcanoes so that they can warn people when the volcano is going to erupt and so save many lives and reduce less damage.
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共23张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading－Preparing
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
Can you match the paintings and the painters
答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and then answer the following questions.
1．How many styles of Western painting are mentioned in the text What are they
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Four.They are: The Middle Ages，The Renaissance，Impressionism and Modern Art.
2．What were the artists interested in from 5th to 15th century AD
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Creating respect and love for God.
3．How did Masaccio paint his paintings
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：He drew things in perspective，which makes pictures very realistic.
4．Why did the Impressionists have to paint quickly
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Because the natural light changes quickly，they had to paint quickly.
Ⅱ.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Paintings in the Middle Ages were very realistic.
B．Western art has changed a lot since the 5th century.
C．Impressionist paintings were painted mainly indoors.
D．Modern art began in the Renaissance.
答案：B
2．At first most people hated the Impressionists’ styles of painting，because ________.
A．their paintings were very abstract
B．their paintings were very realistic
C．they broke away from the traditional style of painting
D．their paintings were very ridiculous
答案：C
3．In the Renaissance，painters ________.
A．painted religious scenes in a more realistic style
B．focused more on religion than on humans
C．began to paint outdoors
D．returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art
答案：D
4．________ discovered how to make paintings look more real by using perspective.
A．Giotto di Bondone
B．Masaccio
C．Claude Monet
D．Pablo Picasso
答案：B
5．What does the text mainly tell us
A．How religious painting developed.
B．How oil painting developed.
C．How Impressionist painting developed.
D．How western art developed.
答案：D
Step Three：Careful Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and do True or False exercise.
1．Western art has changed very little over the last seventeen centuries.( )
答案：F
2．Painters in the Middle Ages painted mainly religious subjects.( )
答案：T
3．Paintings in the Middle Ages were very realistic.( )
答案：F
4．Two important discoveries in the Renaissance period were oil paints and drawing in perspective.
( )
答案：T
5．Impressionists painted their pictures mainly indoors.( )
答案：F
6．Modern art began with the Impressionists.( )
答案：T
Ⅱ.Listen to the tape and fill in the chart.
Ages Time Artist Feature
1.Middle Ages
2.Renaissance
3.Impressionism
4.Modern Art
答案：
1．Ages：Middle Ages
Time：5th to 15th century AD
Artist：Giotto
Feature：religious，realistic
2．Ages：Renaissance
Time：15th to 16th century AD
Artist：Masaccio
Feature：perspective，realistic
3．Ages：Impressionism
Time：late 19th to early 20th century
Artist：not mentioned
Feature：not detailed，ridiculous
4．Ages：Modern Art
Time：20th century to today
Artist：not mentioned
Feature：controversial，abstract，realistic
Step Four：Summary
Styles in Western art have changed many times.There are so many different styles.1.____________，this text will describe only a few of them，starting from the 6th century AD.
During the Middle Ages，the main 2.____________ of painters was to represent religious themes，so paintings of this period were full of religious 3.____________.But in the Renaissance，new ideas and 4.____________ took the place of those that were held in the Middle Ages.
People began to 5.____________ more on humanism and less on religion.Rich people paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves，their houses and 6.____________ as well as their activities and achievements.
In the late 19th century，some painters，who were called the Impressionists，broke away from the traditional style of painting.But they were thought careless and their paintings were thought 7.____________.
At the time they were created，the Impressionists’ paintings were
8.____________，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”．On the one hand，some modern art is 9.____________.On the other hand，some modern art is so realistic.It is interesting to 10.____________ what styles of painting there will be in the future.
答案：1.Consequently 2.aim 3.symbols 4.values 5．concentrate 6.possessions 7.ridiculous 8.controversial 9.abstract 10.predict
Step Five：Discussion
What styles of painting there will be in the future
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Students can answer the question in their own opinion.
本部分内容讲解结束
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Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading－Preparing
预习多维感知
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
Step One：Ask and Discussion
Do you know who he is in this picture and his famous poem
答案：Looking up，I find the moon bright；
Bowing，in homesickness I’m drowned.
By Li Bai
静夜思
床前明月光，疑是地上霜。
举头望明月，低头思故乡。
Step Two：Fast Reading
Ⅰ.Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．Why do people write poems
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：People write poems to convey certain emotions；to express a point of view；to make others laugh；or for entertainment.
2．How many kinds of poems are mentioned in the text What are they
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Five kinds of poems.Haiku；Tang poems；Cinquain；List poems；Nursery rhymes.
Ⅱ.Read the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What is the baby’s father going to buy if the mockingbird won’t sing in Poem A
A．A billy?goat.
B．A diamond ring.
C．A looking?glass.
D．A computer.
答案：B
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Poem B
A．A fish?pond on fire.
B．A cottage in the sky.
C．A girl like a cat.
D．A person ten feet high.
答案：D
3．What kind of feeling is conveyed in Poem G
A．Sorrow. B．Love.
C．Happiness. D．Loneliness.
答案：C
4．What kind of poem does Poem D in the reading passage belong to
A．Nursery rhymes.
B．List poems.
C．Haiku.
D．Cinquain.
答案：D
5．How many syllables are there in a Haiku poem
A．5. B．7.
C．17. D．70.
答案：C
Step Three：Careful Reading
1．Read the text to find out the characteristics of Nursery rhymes and listen to Poem A.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)Having strong rhythm and rhyme.
(2)Having a lot of repetition.
2．Enjoy the following poem and do exercise.
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return，
this stone would utter speech.
——by Wang Jian
(1)What’s the title
A．蝶恋花 B．竹枝词
C．望夫石 D．一剪梅
答案：C
(2)What is the poem about
________________________________________________________________________
答案：A loyal wife kept standing on a mountain top waiting for her husband’s coming back.Year after year the wife became a stone which looked like a woman.
(3)How many feelings of the woman can we learn from the poem
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：loneliness；love；trust；sorrow.
Step Four：Summary
Poetry is used to tell a story or 1.____________ what will give us a strong impression.Or it is used to convey certain 2.____________.
3.____________ are a common type of children’s poetry.They 4.____________ children because of strong ryhthm and 5.____________ and also repetition，and make them easy to learn and 6.____________ when they learn about language.
Cinquain，a poem，consists of 7.____________ lines，where students can convey a strong 8.____________ in just a few words.
Tang poems have a 9.____________ translation.
答案：1.describe 2.emotions 3.Nursery rhymes 4.delight 5.rhyme 6.recite 7.five 8.picture 9.free
Step Five：Discussion
1．Are poems good for our life
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Yes.Poems bring passion (激情)to our life.
2．What can we get from poems
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)Poems help us to understand life，virtues，beauty and romance.
(2)Poems make us know we are here and that we can make our life and the world more colorful and beautiful!
答案：
1．Ages：Middle Ages
Time：5th to 15th century AD
Artist：Giotto
Feature：religious，realistic
2．Ages：Renaissance
Time：15th to 16th century AD
Artist：Masaccio
Feature：perspective，realistic
本部分内容讲解结束
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谢谢使用(共90张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1.People write poems to recall an enjoyable or unpleasant incident.
人们写诗是为了回忆一件令人愉快或不愉快的事情。
品味经典
①I don’t recall ever meeting her.我想不起来曾经见过她。
②I seem to recall that Barry was with us at that time.
我好像记得巴里当时是和我们在一起的。
③The Ambassador was recalled from Washington.
大使被从华盛顿召回。
④The cars had to be recalled due to an engine fault.
由于发动机故障这些车不得不被召回。
自我探究
recall vt.记起；想起；召回。
归纳拓展
完成句子
(1)小时候，她回忆说，她父母在一起看起来非常幸福。
As a child，_______________，her parents had seemed very happy together.
答案：she recalled
(2)他想不起以前曾经这么累过。
He could not ________________ before.
答案：recall ever being so/that tired
牛刀小试
2.Others try to convey certain emotions.
有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。
品味经典
①I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.
我觉得难以用语言表达我的感情。
②This picture will convey to you the beauty of the scenery.
这幅画是要向你传达这一景色之美。
③Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength.
红色之类的颜色可给人以充满活力和力量的感觉。
④Passengers are conveyed by bus to the airport.
旅客们被公共汽车送往机场。
自我探究
convey vt.传达；运送；传播。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
多项选择
(1)A good teacher must know how to ________ his ideas.
A．convey B．display
C．consult D．adapt
解析：选A。考查词义辨析。句意：一个好的教师必须知道怎样表达他的思想。convey表达；传达；display显示；显露；consult咨询；请教；adapt改编。
完成句子
(2)言语无法表达我对她有多么的生气。
________________ how angry I am with her.
答案：Words can not convey
(3)管道将燃气从工厂传送到每家每户。
Pipes ______________ every family from the power plant.
答案：convey gas to
3.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。
品味经典
①They like new patterns of family life.
他们喜欢新的家庭生活方式。
②I don’t like the pattern on the fabric.
我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。
③This hospital is a pattern of what a good hospital should be.这家医院就是好医院的榜样。
自我探究
pattern n．模式；式样；图案；典型。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
As the income is increasing，the____________of family life has been changing over recent years.
A．model B．character
C．process D．pattern
解析：选D。句意：随着收入的增加，最近几年，家庭生活的方式也在改变。model指“模式；模型”；character指“性格，属性”；process指“过程”；pattern指“方式”。
4....if we hadn’t taken_it_easy.……如果我没有放松警惕。
品味经典
①I want to take it easy when I am on holiday.
假期我想好好放松下。
②Now that you’ve finished your exams，you can take it easy.
既然你已经考完试了，你可以放松一下。
③There is enough time.Take it easy.
别紧张。还有足够的时间。
④The doctor told me to take it easy and not to worry too much.
医生告诉我放松点，别太担心了。
自我探究
take it easy＝take things easy，意为：“轻松；不紧张；从容”。
归纳探究
⑤Mum is out.I want to take it easy for a while.
妈妈出去了。我先放松一会儿。
⑥Take it easy.I don’t really want to buy it.
别紧张。我不是真的想买。
注意：take it easy和take your time是易混的两个常见口语，可以从这个角度考虑：与人的精神有关的，用take it easy；与时间的紧迫有关的用take your time。
牛刀小试
完成句子
—I’m feeling terrible.I feel pain here and there.
—Oh，______________(别紧张)．Nothing serious.
答案：take it easy
5....if we hadn’t run out of energy.
……如果我们没有精疲力竭。
品味经典
①We are running out of our money.我们的钱快花光了。
自我探究
run out of意为“用完了”，是及物短语动词，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。
归纳拓展
(1)run out ＝ become/be used up意为“用完了”，是不及物短语动词，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。
(2)give out用尽；分发；宣布；发出；精疲力竭。为不及物短语动词。
(3)use up用完；消耗尽，为及物短语动词。
②His beer soon ran out.他的啤酒很快就喝完了。
③He is always running out of money before payday.
他老是发工资的日子还没到就把钱花完了。
④We are running out of our time.＝Our time is running out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
⑤His strength gave out after he ran that long distance.
跑完这么长一段距离，他已精疲力竭。
⑥My money has been used up，so I have to return home.
我的钱已经用完了，因此我必须回家。
牛刀小试
多项选择
(1)—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh，you’ll miss the deadline.Time is ________.
A．running out B．going out
C．giving out D．losing out
解析：选A。句意：——我仍然在做这个项目。 ——啊！你也许不能如期完成了。因为快没时间了。当表示时间用完、耗尽的时候多用run out。give out“用完，精疲力竭”。
完成句子
(2)——你认为我们应当接受提供的帮助吗？
——是的，因为到目前为止，我们碰到了如此糟糕的运气，而且时间紧迫。
—Do you think we should accept that offer
—Yes，we should，for we have had such bad luck up till now，and time ____________.
答案：is running out
6.Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain，a poem made up of five lines.
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。
品味经典
①Girl students make up 40% of the student number.
女学生占学生总量的40%。
②The medical team is made up of/consists of two doctors and five nurses.
医疗队是由两位大夫和五位护士组成的。
③The medical team made up of(＝which is made up of)two doctors and five nurses has arrived.
由两位大夫和五位护士组成的医疗队已经到达。
自我探究
make up组成……；构成(常用于被动结构)。
be made up of ＝consist of由……构成。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
(1)American Indians ________ about five percent of the US population.
A．fill up B．bring up
C．make up D．set up
解析：选C。句意：美洲印第安人大约占美国人口总数的5%。fill up装满，填满；bring up教育，培养；提出，呕吐；make up组成，构成；编造，虚构，化妆；set up竖立起来，建立，成立。
(2)Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and________jokes.
A．turning up B．putting up
C．making up D．showing up
解析：选C。按照句意此处有“编造笑话”之意，C项符合。
7.A fallen blossom is coming back to the branch.
落下的花朵回到了树枝上。
品味经典
①I felt the branch touch my face.
我感到树枝碰着了我的脸。
②The river has three main branches.
这条河有三条主要的支流。
③The bank has branches all over the country.
该银行在全国各地均有分行。
自我探究
branch n．[C]枝条；支流；支线；部门。
归纳拓展
图解branch的一词多义
牛刀小试
The head office of the bank is in Beijing，but it has________all over the country.
A．companies B．branches
C．organizations D．businesses
解析：选B。branch分部。在全国各地有许多分部。company公司；organization组织；business生意。
8.Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry—Tang poems from China in particular
你知道吗？ 说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗。
品味经典
①It was a good concert —I enjoyed the last song in particular.这是个不错的音乐会，我尤其喜欢最后一首歌。
②I like science fiction in particular.我特别喜爱科幻小说。
自我探究
in particular＝ particularly 尤其；特别。
归纳拓展
分清特别的in particular
in particular与especially意思相当，着重指出某人或某物比其他的重要或有趣。但在使用时要注意它们位置的区别。
(1)in particular作副词时意为“尤其，特别”，也可用作形容词短语，意为“特殊的，专门的”，常用于anyone/anything/anywhere/no one/nothing/nowhere等不定代词后面。
(2)especially是副词，通常用来修饰介词短语或从句，但也可用于名词前，以示强调。
③—Is there anything in particular you’d like for dinner
—No，nothing in particular.
——正餐你有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？
——没有，什么都行。
④I never liked long walks，especially in winter.
我一直不喜欢走长路，特别是在冬天。
⑤This disease mostly affects women，especially women over 50.
得这种疾病的大多是妇女，尤其是超过50岁的妇女。
牛刀小试
(1)________，the pay isn’t attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting.
A．Generally speaking
B．On the contrary
C．In particular
D．To be honest
解析：选D。句意：说实话，这项工作的薪水不是很诱人，虽然工作本身很有趣。to be honest“说实话”可以用作插入语。
(2)(2011年聊城高二检测)Margaret likes all her subjects，but she likes English ________.
A．above all B．after all
C．in particular D．in general
解析：选C。in particular“尤其；特别”符合语境。above all“最重要的是”；after all“毕竟；终究”；in general“总的来说”。
9.Never looking back，transformed into stone.
化为石，不回头。
品味经典
①They have transformed their rooms into a hotel.
他们把他们的房间改成了旅馆。
②The situation has been greatly transformed.
形势已经大大好转。
③It was an event that would transform my life.
那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。
④Any kind of energy can be transformed into electricity.
任何种类的能量都可变为电。
自我探究
transform vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
(1)(2011年郑州高二检测)It is a surprise that the small town has been________into a modern industrial center in recent ten years.
A．divided B．made
C．transformed D．transferred
解析：选C。考查词义辨析。句意：令人吃惊的是近十年间原来的那个小城镇已经变成了一个现代化的工业中心。transform“转化；变成”；divide“分成”；make“制造”；transfer“迁移”。
(2)The Greens have ________their garage into a guest house.
A．transformed B．transmitted
C．transported D．translated
解析：选A。考查词义辨析。transform使(形状、姿态、性质、机能等)改变；transform...into...把……改变成……，故A项符合句意。transmit“传送；传导；传达”；transport“输送；运输”；translate“翻译”，皆不符合句意。
10. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite.童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背。
句型巧析
品味经典
①The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
②He is hard to work with.同他共事是很难的。
③I shall be happy to accept your invitation.
我将很高兴接受你的邀请。
④I am sorry to tell you that you are fired.
我很抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。
⑤The students were bored to listen to the same
story again and again.
学生们厌倦了一遍一遍地听相同的故事。
⑥Jack is determined to go abroad for further studies.
杰克决心出国深造。
自我探究
they are easy to learn and recite是一个“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”的句式，其中不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。
归纳拓展
adj.＋to do用法简述
不定式修饰形容词通常有以下情况：
(1)主语通常是人，句子里的形容词用来反映主语的
“情绪、感受或意图”。常见的类似形容词有happy，proud，glad，amazed，annoyed，ashamed，delighted，eager等。
(2)主语多数是物，形容词反映人们对主语的“评论”。常见的这类形容词有easy，dangerous，difficult，expensive，good，hard等。
注意：在第二种情况中，主语与不定式之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，但并不使用不定式的被动语态。这是一种典型的主动形式表被动意义的用法。
牛刀小试
完成句子
I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good __________(呼吸起来)．
答案：to breathe
11.Snow having melted，the whole village is brimful of happy children.
雪儿融化了，整个村庄充满着欢乐的儿童。
品味经典
①My work having been finished，I went home.
我干完工作后就回家了。
②The meeting over，they left the hall.
会议结束之后，他们离开了大厅。
③There being no bus，we had to walk home.
没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
④Book in hand，the teacher entered the classroom.
老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
自我探究
snow having melted是由“名词＋现在分词的完成式”构成的独立主格结构，其中名词是分词表示的动作的逻辑主语，与句子的主语不一致。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)—Be careful！Don’t forget you are on a ladder.
—But you are holding it for me，______
________________(没有什么担心的)．
答案：nothing to worry about
(2)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent ____________(已经发射的)at the end of last March.
答案：having been launched
译文助读
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people write poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.Others try to convey certain emotions.Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.In this text，however，we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes.These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children’s poetry.The language is concrete but imaginative，and they delight small children because they rhyme，have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language.
A
Hush，little baby，don’t say a word，
Papa’s going to buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won’t sing，
Papa’s going to buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass，
Papa’s going to buy you a looking glass.
If that looking glass gets broke，
Papa’s going to buy you a billy goat.
If that billy goat runs away，
Papa’s going to buy you another today.
One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C)．
B
I saw a fish pond all on fire
I saw a fish pond all on fire，
I saw a house bow to a squire，
I saw a person twelve feet high，
I saw a cottage in the sky，
I saw a balloon made of lead，
I saw a coffin drop down dead，
I saw two sparrows run a race，
I saw two horses making lace，
I saw a girl just like a cat，
I saw a kitten wear a hat，
I saw a man who saw these too，
And said though strange they all were true.
简体英文诗
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。
而有些诗则是为了传达(convey)某种情感(emotion)。诗人用许多不同形式的诗来表达自己的情感。本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。
孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣(nursery rhyme)。像右边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是常见的。童谣的语言具体(concrete)但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并有较多重复(repetition)。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾(contradictory)，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
A
小宝宝，别说话，(hush 安静下来)
爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟(mockingbird)。
小嘲鸟，不会唱，
爸爸给你买个钻石(diamond)戒。
钻石戒，变成铜(brass)，
爸爸给你买个小镜子。
小镜子，打破了，
爸爸给你买个小山羊(billy goat)。
小山羊，跑掉了。
爸爸今天再去给你买一只。
像(B)和(C)这样的列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种。清单诗可长可短，较为灵活(flexible)，可以重复一些短语，形成固定句型(pattern)和诗的节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚(如B)，但有一些没有(如C)。
B
我看到鱼塘在燃烧
我看到鱼塘在燃烧，
我看到房子向地主(squire)哈腰。
我看到人高一丈八，
我看到茅屋(cottage)在天郊。
我看到气球用铅做，
我看到棺材(coffin)把死人抛。
我看到两只麻雀(sparrow)在赛跑，
我看到两匹马儿绣花包。
我看到姑娘像只猫。
我看到小猫(kitten)戴花帽。
我看到有人在一旁瞄，
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。
C
Our first football match
We would have won...
if Jack had scored that goal，
if we’d had just a few more minutes，
if we had trained harder，
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe，
if we’d had thousands of fans screaming，
if I hadn’t taken my eye off the ball，
if we hadn’t stayed up so late the night before，
if we hadn’t taken it easy，
if we hadn’t run out of energy.
We would have won...
if we’d been better!
Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain，a poem made up of five lines.With these，students can convey a strong picture in just a few words.Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.
D
Brother
Beautiful，athletic
Teasing，shouting，laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
E
Summer
Sleepy，salty
Drying，drooping，dreading
Week in，week out
Endless
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.It is not a traditional form of English poetry，but is very popular with English writers.It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words.The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.
F
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch.
Look，a butterfly!
(by Moritake)
G
Snow having melted，
The whole village is brimful
Of happy children.
(by Issa)
C
我们的第一场球赛
我们本来会得冠军……
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
如果我们还有几分钟，
如果我们训练得刻苦，
如果本把球传给了乔，
如果有大批球迷助威，
如果我死死盯住球，
如果我们头晚不熬夜，
如果我们没有放松警惕(take it easy)，
如果我们没有精疲力竭(run out of用完)，
我们本来会得冠军……
如果我们能做得更好！
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成(be made up of)的，叫做五行诗(cinquain)。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。请看D和E两个例子。
D
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹(tease)，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
E
夏天
困乏，咸涩(salty)
干涸，枯萎(droop)，恐怖(dread)
周而复始
永无止境(endless)
俳句诗(haiku)是一种日本诗，由17个音节(syllable)组成。它不属于英语诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的(minimum)词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。下面两首俳句诗(F和G)就是从日语翻译(translation)出来的。
F
落下的花朵
回到了树枝(branch)上。
瞧啊，是个蝴蝶！
(作者：Moritake)
G
雪儿融化(melt)了，
整个村庄充满着(brimful)
欢乐的儿童。
(作者：Issa)
Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry—Tang poems from China in particular A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English.This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.
H
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return，
this stone would utter speech.
(by Wang Jian)
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try!
你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其(in particular)是中国的唐诗。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。下面这首唐诗(H)就是从中文翻译过来的。
H
望(await等候)夫处，
江悠悠，
化(transform转化)为石，
不回头。
山头日日风复雨(revolve旋转)，
行人归来石应(utter说)语。
(王建)
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终(eventually)也许想自己作诗了。写诗比你想象的要容易，绝对值得一试！
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共51张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
速效提能演练
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
预习多维感知
Work in pairs or groups.Fill in the blanks below according to the text(P6)．
THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES
The Frick
Collection ★Henry Clay Frick 1.________ his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
★You can appreciate Western paintings and also visit Frick’s beautiful 2.________.
Guggenheim
Museum ★5,000 modern paintings，sculptures and drawings that belong to 3.________ are displayed in different time.
★It looks as if a fragile，white 4.________.
★You are advised to visit it from the top floor to the bottom along a(n) 5.________.
Metropolitan Museum of Art ★The art collection covers more than 5,000 years of 6.________ from many parts of the world.
★You can enjoy the visual delights of art as well as ancient 7.________.
Museum of
Modern Art ★You can find so many great works of art from the late 19th century to 8.________.
★The 9.________ price is not cheap and it is often crowded.
Whitney Museum of
American Art ★It shows 10.________ American paintings and sculptures and the exhibitions often change.
★It holds a special exhibition of new art by 11.________ every two years.
★It shows 12.________ by contemporary video artists.
答案：1.left 2.home and garden 3.Impressionism and Post?Impressionism 4.seashell 5.circular path 6.civilization 7.ways of living 8.the 21st century 9.admission
10．contemporary 11.living artists 12.videos and films
1.based on general ideas rather than specific examples
基于大意而不是具体的例子
重点难点探究
词汇精研
品味经典
①He gave us specific instructions on how to get there.
他把如何到达那里给我们讲得十分清楚。
②The money is to be used for one specific purpose：the building of the new theatre.
这笔钱有专门用途：就是建造新剧院。
③Could you be more specific about what you’re looking for
你能不能更确切的说一下你在找什么？
自我探究
specific adj.具体的；特定的；确切的。
归纳拓展
④This disease is specific to this area.
这种病只发生在这一地区。
I don’t understand what your plan is exactly.Could you be a little more ________？
A．special B．particular
C．specific D．typical
解析：选C。考查词语辨析。句意：我不能确切地理解你的计划。你能不能说得更详细一些？ specific这里的意思是“to add details to what you have said”，常用于短语“be more specific (about)”中。special“特殊的”，particular“特有的”，typical“典型的”。
牛刀小试
2.the art of making figures，objects，etc out of stone，wood，clay etc
用石头、木头、泥土等制成人物、物体等的艺术
品味经典
①The central figure in the painting is the artist’s daughter.
画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。
②I saw the figure of a woman below the bridge.
我看见桥下有一个妇女的身影。
③She does exercises every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持身材。
④Temperatures reached double figures for the first time this spring，going as high as 14 degrees.
今年春天的温度第一次达到了两位数，高达14度。
自我探究
figure n．[C]画像；人影；身材；数字。
归纳探究
⑤Can you figure out how to do it
你能想出这件事怎么做吗？
⑥I can’t figure out why he quit his job.
我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。
⑦It took me hours to figure those algebra problems out.
我花了好几个小时才算出那些代数题。
牛刀小试
多项选择
(1)The present situations are very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________its reality.
A．make up B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
解析：选B。make up组成；弥补；look through浏览，审核；put off推迟；figure out想出来，弄清楚，故B符合题意。
完成句子
(2)她身材一向很好。
She always has ________________.
答案：a good figure
(3)他是本世纪主要的政治人物之一。
He was __________________________of this century.
答案：one of the leading political figures
3.It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post?Impressionist paintings.
展览将吸引印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。
①The programme appeals especially to young children.
这个节目对小孩特别有吸引力。
②The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.
出国工作的想法真的令我很感兴趣。
品味经典
③The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.
警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗罪案的信息。
④Farmers have appealed to the government for help.
农民们呼吁政府提供帮助。
⑤She appealed to us to go with her.她恳求我们和她同行。
自我探究
appeal to ①(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
②呼吁；恳求。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
多项选择
(1)(2010年高考安徽卷)—How did you like Nick’s performance last night
—To be honest，his singing didn’t ________to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
解析：选A。句意：“你认为昨晚尼克的表演怎么样？”“说实话，他的歌并不怎么吸引
我。”appeal to意思是“吸引”；belong to意思是“属于”；refer to意思是“指的是；涉及”；occur to意思是“发生；想到”。根据句意应选
A。
完成句子
(2)这两个提议都能吸引你吗？
Does either suggestion ______________？
答案：appeal to you
(3)红十字会呼吁捐献食品。
The Red Cross is ______________donations of food.
答案：appealing for
4.The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.
这家博物馆展出的不只是可以看得见的艺术之美。
品味经典
①Jason is more than a lecturer；he is a writer，too.
贾森不仅仅是个演说家，还是个作家。
②Peace is more than the absence of war.
和平不只是意味着没有战争。
自我探究
more than＋名词，表示超出该名词之所指，意为“不只是，不止，不仅仅是”，相当于not_only。
归纳拓展
英语中more than的用法比较复杂，它除了与名词连用表示“不仅仅；不只是”外，还可以与形容词、动词或从句等连用，表达不同的含义。
(1)more than＋数词，表示“多于”，相当于over。
③More than one man was killed in the accident.
许多人死于那次事故。
(2)more than＋动词，表示“十分；不仅仅”。
④They have to do more than just learn the lines of the play.他们要做的不仅仅是熟悉台词。
(3)more than＋形容词或副词，表示“很；非常”。
⑤They were more than willing to help you.
他们非常乐意帮助你。
(4)more than...can/could，表示“不能；难以”，其中的more than表示否定，相当于not。
⑥Some of the stories were really more than could be believed.有些故事实在难以令人相信。
⑦The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.
那个地方的美非我能描述。
注意：
一个人或物的两种性质的比较，用more...than...结构，意为：“与其说……倒不如说……”。
⑧It was more a worry than a pleasure.
与其说这是一种快乐，不如说是一种担忧。
⑨The child was more frightened than hurt.
这个孩子伤倒不算什么，只是受惊不小。
牛刀小试
(1)It took ________building supplies to construct these energy?saving houses.It took brains，too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：选B。句意为：建造这些节能房屋，不仅仅要花费建筑材料，还要付出智力。more than“不仅仅”，修饰名词。 other than除了；rather than而不是；less than少于。
5.If it was up to me，I’d choose...
如果我说了算，我会选择……
品味经典
①You can pay weekly or monthly—it’s up to you.
你可以按周或按月支付，这由你决定。
②It’s up to the travel companies to warn customers of any possible dangers.
旅游公司有责任向顾客警示任何可能的危险。
自我探究
be up to sb.①由某人决定②是……的责任。
归纳拓展
③I can take up to four people in my car.
我的车能载4个人。
④I’m afraid Tom just isn’t up to the job.
恐怕汤姆不能胜任这份工作。
⑤She continued to care for her father up to the time of his death.
她一直照顾着她父亲，直到他去世。
⑥The children are very quiet.I wonder what they’re up to.
孩子们太安静了。我想知道他们在干什么。
牛刀小试
—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away
—________.
A．It’s your opinion B．I don’t mind
C．It’s all up to you D．That’s your decision
解析：选C。考查口语交际。句意：“我们现在就去看艺术展览吗？”“这取决于你。”It’s all up to you“这一切取决于你”，符合语境。It’s your opinion“这是你的观点”，I don’t mind“我不介意”，That’s your decision“那是你的决定”。
译文助读
THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES
The Frick Collection(5th Avenue and E．70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.Frick had a preference for pre?twentieth century Western paintings，and these are well?represented in this excellent collection.You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.
Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings，sculptures and drawings.These art works are not all displayed at the same time.The exhibition is always changing.It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post?Impressionist paintings.The Guggenheim Museum building is also world?famous.When you walk into the gallery，you feel as if you were inside a fragile，white seashell.The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.There are no stairs，just a circular path.The museum also has an excellent restaurant.
Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection.This covers more than 5000 years of civilization from many parts of the world，including America，Europe，China，Egypt，other African countries and South America.The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.It introduces you to ancient ways of living.You can visit an Egyptian temple，a fragrant Ming garden，a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.
Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street，between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet，Van Gogh，Picasso and Matisse.A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.
Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue，near 75th Street)
The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture.There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time.Every two years，the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists.The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.
曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃
弗里克收藏馆(第5大道(avenue)和第70街之间)
在纽约，比起其他艺术馆许多艺术爱好者都更乐意参观这家小型艺术陈列馆。亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把他的住宅、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。弗里克对20世纪以前的西方绘画作品有偏爱(preference)，在珍藏品中这些是极好的代表。你还可以看一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园，它们是很值得一看的。
古根海姆博物馆(第5大道和第88街交汇处)
这家博物馆拥有5 000幅非常好的现代油画、雕塑和素描。这些艺术品并不是同时展出(display)的，展品总是在不断地更换。展览将吸引(appeal to)印象派和后印象派(post?impressionist)作品的爱好者。古根海姆博物馆的大楼也是世界闻名的。当你走进画廊的时候，你会觉得你进入了一个易碎的(fragile)白色贝壳之中。看画展最好是从顶层看起，一直往下看到底层。展厅里没有楼梯，只有一条环形的(circular)小道。博物馆里还有一家极好的餐馆。
大都会艺术博物馆(第5大道与第82街交汇处)
这家博物馆以收藏艺术品种类繁多而享有盛名(reputation)。它的艺术品收藏涵盖了五千多年来世界上众多国家的文明(civilization)史，其中包括美洲、欧洲、 中国、埃及(Egypt)、其他非洲国家和南美洲。这家博物馆展出的不只是可以看得见的(visual)艺术之美。它还向你介绍了古代的生活方式。你可以看到埃及的(Egyptian)寺庙，馥郁的(fragrant)明朝花园，18世纪法国住宅中的典型房间，以及许多其他特殊展品。
现代艺术博物馆(第53街，位于第5和第6大道之间)
令人惊奇的是，在同一家博物馆里竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21世纪如此众多的名家巨作。西方艺术的收藏包括了莫奈、凡·高、毕加索和马蒂斯等著名艺术家的作品。有几句话需要提醒你注意：博物馆票价不菲，而且常常十分拥挤。
惠特尼美国艺术博物馆(麦迪逊大道945号，靠近第75街)
惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代(contemporary)美国绘画和雕塑品。馆内没有永久性的(permanent)展出，展品都是随时更换的。惠特尼博物馆每两年有一次特殊的展览，展品是仍然在世的艺术家们的新作。这家博物馆还展出当代影视艺术家的录像和电影作品。
速效提能演练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共44张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．I wish I knew how to operate the machine.
我多么希望我会操作这台机器啊。
2．I insist that a doctor (should)be sent for immediately.
我主张应立即请医生。
3．It is strange that he(should)have so many friends.
真奇怪，他居然有这么多的朋友。
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood )(2)
自我探究
在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令，建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)＋动词原形。
六、虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
(1)在句型“It is important (necessary，strange，natural)that...”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：(should＋)动词原形。
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
讲解归纳
It was strange that she should cheat in the examination.
她竟然在考试中作弊真是奇怪。(should与strange，pity等词连用时，表示说话者的惊奇之情，意为“竟然”)
(2)It is /was suggested (requested，required，ordered，proposed，etc.) that...句型中。
It is advised that one (should) take plenty of boiled water.
有人建议每个人都应多喝开水。
It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed.
有人建议推迟这项计划。
七、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
(1)wish后的宾语从句
含义 动词形式 例句
针对现状表达愿望(与事实相反) 过去时形式 I wish I had a little lab of my own.但愿有一间属于我自己的实验室。
对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔 过去完成时形式 I wish you had let me know earlier.你早些让我知道就好了。
含义 动词形式 例句
针对将来表达愿望(虽然可能性极小，但有实现的可能) would/could/ might＋动词原形 I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more. 希望你别再抽烟。I wish he could come tomorrow.我希望他明天能来。She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him.她真切希望能做点什么来安慰他。
(2)用于表示主观判断、建议、命令和要求等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“(should)＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should常省略。常见的动词有：demand，desire，command，order，require，insist，recommend，request，suggest，propose，advise，urge(规劝)等。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点动身。
The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.医生命令立即被送往医院。
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
他们坚决要求这个小男孩跟他们一起去。
注意：
①当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
②当insist表示“坚持认为事实”之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
(3)would rather所引起的从句中要用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达说话者的希望或婉转的责备。
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would rather he had done the job last week.
我宁愿他在上一周就完成这项工作。
八、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用
(1)在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should)＋动词原形”。
My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.
我的想法是在接受前要仔细考虑。
We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他去大连观光的建
议。
(2)as if/though引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。
It looked as if/though she had seen a ghost.
看上去她好像见了鬼似的。
注意：
as if/though也可引导事实或很大可能性是事实的从句，常用在系动词look，seem，taste，smell，sound等词后。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
仿佛要下雨。(马上就要下雨)
It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
这个男孩好像迷了路。
九、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
(1)由as if/though引导的状语从句有时也用虚拟语气，表明与现实相反的情况。
①用were/did型虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反。②用had done型虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反。③用would/could do型虚拟语气表示与将来事实相反。
She sings as if she were a boy.她唱起歌来像个男孩。
She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.她英语讲得很流利，好像在美国学过英语。
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the
U．S.A..
他学英语很用功，好像要去美国似的。
比较：
Gary walks as if he were/was drunk.
加里走起路来好像醉了。(事实是并没醉)
Gary walks as if he is drunk.加里走起路来好像醉了。
(事实是很可能醉了)
(2)in order that，so that，for fear that，in case，lest等引导的目的状语从句，从句中谓语动词形式为“may，might，can，could，would，should＋动词原形”。
Bring some money in case you (should) use it.带点钱备用。
(3)在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中，也经常使用虚拟语气来表示主观假设。
Even if he were here，I should say the same thing.
即使他在这儿，我也要这么说。
十、 虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
It’s (high，about)time that...句型中的that从句要用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式或should＋动词原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……”，用来表示提议。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
到了该采取措施解决商贸区交通问题的时候了。
It is (high) time that we should start out.
到我们该出发的时候了。
十一、What if...要是……怎么办
What if I should fail？万一失败，我怎么办呢？
What if weather should rain 如果下雨怎么办？
What if they do not come 如果他们不来怎么办？(也可不用虚拟语气)
十二、If only...要是……就好了
If only I had come to the party yesterday.
如果昨天我来参加晚会就好了。
If only she would listen to me carefully.
但愿她能仔细听我讲话。
If only he arrives in time.但愿他能及时到达。(也可不用虚拟语气)
十三、用于“may＋动词原形”表示“祝愿……”，may须置于句首。
May you succeed！祝你成功！
May you be happy! 祝你幸福！
十四、hope，intend，mean，plan，expect，think的过去完成时作谓语时，是一种虚拟语气，后面的宾语从句中动词形式为would＋动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him，but his son became an artist later.他父亲本来希望他的儿子将随他从商，而他儿子后来却成了一位艺术家。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he ________________(更多地把焦点集中在)its culture.(focus)
答案：focused more on
2．Teachers recommend parents _______
_________(不允许)their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(allow)
答案：should not/not allow
语法专练
3．Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ________________(好像昨天发生的)．(happen)
答案：it had happened yesterday
4．If it were not for the fact that she ________________(不会)sing，I would invite her to the party.(can)
答案：can’t
5．Don’t you think it necessary that he ________________(被派往)to Miami but to New York？(send)
答案：shouldn’t/not be sent
6．________________(你建议谁被派往)to work there？(suggest)
答案：Who do you suggest be sent
7．When the pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ________________(就像断了一样)．(break)
答案：were broken
8．The young man insisted that he ________________(没有做错)and ________________(被释放)immediately.(free)
答案：had done nothing wrong；(should)be set free
9．I wish that I ________________(能去)with you last night.(go)
答案：could have gone
10．Look at the trouble I am in!
If only I ________________(早听你的建议)．(follow)
答案：had followed your advice
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. It is necessary for college students to master at least one foreign language.
It is necessary ________ college students ________ ________ at least one foreign language.
2. Without sunlight，there would be neither plants nor animals.
________ ________ ________ ________ sunlight，there would be neither plants nor animals.
3. She insisted on translating the sentence this way.
She insisted that the sentence ________ ________ ________ this way.
4. The students suggested going there on foot.
The students suggested ________ ________ there on foot.
5. I didn’t work hard and I failed the exam.
________ I ________ hard，I ________ ________ passed the exam.
6. Lucy didn’t come to class today because she didn’t feel well.
________ she ________ well，she ________ ________ ________ to class today.
7. I don’t know French，so I can’t talk to the French friends.
If I ________ French，I could talk to the French friends.
8. He didn’t take his parents’ advice and he is not a college student now.
If he ________ ________ his parents’ advice，he ________ ________ a college student now.
9. The professor helped me a lot and I finished the work.
I couldn’t ________ ________ the work ________ the professor’s help.
10. Thanks to Mr.Smith’s help，we finished the job on time.
________ ________ Mr.Smith’ s help，we wouldn’t have finished the job on time.
答案：1. that；should master 2. If there were no
3. should be translated 4. they go 5. Had；worked；would have 6. Had；felt；would have come 7. knew
8. had taken；would be 9. have finished；without 10. But for
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想像，写一篇短文。标题为：My Teacher Mr.Moore
My Teacher Mr.Moore
There’s a teacher Mr.Moore.
Who is lovely and thirty four.
Always encouraging us to try.
He leads us to a world of “why”．
We all admire him more and more.
注意：1.不得照抄短诗原文；
2．必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想象，适当展开；
3．必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语意连贯；
4．短文不能写成诗歌形式；
5．词数：100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．就某人的年龄而言____________________
2．与……比较(作状语)__________________
3．依照某人的看法______________________
4．提出一个问题______________________
答案：1.for one’s age 2.compared with 3.in one’s opinion 4.put forward/raise a question
【句式结构】
1．在我所有的老师当中，Mr.Moore给我留下最深刻的印象。
Of all my teachers，Mr.Moore is_____
___________impresses me most.
2．与其他老师相比，Mr.Moore更加注意他的教学方法。
________________other teachers，Mr.Moore________________________his way of teaching.
3．在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析和解决问题。
____________________，we’ve learned
________________and settle problems.
4．他是一位学者，我们都非常钦佩他。
He is__________________________we all admire him very much.
答案：1.the one who 2.Compared with；pays more attention to 3.With his help；how to analyze 4.such a learned person that
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
My Teacher Mr.Moore
Of all my teachers，Mr.Moore is the one who impresses me most.Though he is 34，he looks very young for his age.And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.
Compared with other teachers，Mr.Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting.In his opinion，we should not only know “what”，but also understand “why”．
So instead of giving us answers immediately，he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.With his help，we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.What a wonderful world of “why”he leads us to!
He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.
【类文点津】
本文结构分明，根据行文需要又适当增添了一些内容，字里行间流露出对老师的敬意，同时又不乏文采。
1．of all my teachers位于句首表示强调，突出表现了作者对这位老师难以忘怀。who impresses me most是定语从句，满足了高考写作中对较复杂句式的要求。
2．文章分段叙述，重点突出，结构分明。
3．文中适当增加了想象内容，如“he looks very young for his age”“And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.”满足了写作要求。
4．compared with other teachers分词短语的运用既增添了文章的色彩，又使文章显得非常简洁。
5．various，analyze等较高级词汇的运用是文章的一个亮点。
6．最后一句画龙点睛，既呼应了诗歌的最后一句，又升华了主题。
Do you still remember some ①nursery rhymes in your childhood Nursery rhymes are a common type of children’s ②poetry，which has strong rhythms，③rhyme and a lot of ④repetition.Poems often tell stories，describe something，⑤tease somebody or ⑥exchange certain ⑦emotions like ⑧sorrow，happiness，⑨warmth and love.
词语串串练
I like poems very much.Last week I went to the library.The librarian in particular recommended me a collection of poems written by a famous British poet.The book also has Chinese translation following each poem.
A poem is usually made up of several lines and syllables.There are some patterns of poems，such as cinquain，haiku and Chinese Tang poetry.Some poems have concrete meanings and are easy to understand，but others are abstract.Some poems can make you imagine
endless things while others only make you blank.Some English poems are very difficult for us to understand and we can’t translate them into appropriate Chinese.But if you read them again and again for many times，you will have some ideas
你还记得孩童时期的一些
童谣吗？童谣是儿童诗歌
的一种普通类型，它有很
强的节奏、韵律和许多重
复。诗歌通常讲述故事、描写事物、取笑某人或交流某种情感，像悲伤、幸福、温暖和爱情。
我很喜欢诗歌。上周我去了图书馆。图书管理员特别向我推荐了一本一位著名英国诗人所作的诗集。书中每首诗的后面还有汉语译文。
一首诗通常由几行组成，每行有几个音节。诗有几种样式，比如五行诗、俳句诗和中国的唐诗。有些诗有具体的意义，也很容易理解，但是另外一些诗却非常抽象。有些诗能使你想象无止境，而另外一些诗只会让你感到茫然。有些英语诗我们很难理解，而且我们不能把它们翻译成恰当的汉语。但是如果你反复地多读几遍，你最终会有所理解的。
诗歌和音乐有密切的联系。信不信由你，当一个钢琴家在演奏钢琴或者一个小提琴家在演奏小提琴的时候，他们其实是在创造无形的奇妙的诗歌。这就是为什么当听众在听配乐诗朗诵的时候，往往会发出欢呼声。
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谢谢使用(共101张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1.That probably does not seem much to you or me，but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.
这个数值对你我来说可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。
品味经典
①The city is large compared to our hometown.＝The city is large when it is compared to our hometown.
和我们家乡相比，这个城市非常大。
自我探究
句中when compared to other natural changes作状语，可理解成是状语从句when it is compared to other natural changes的省略。
归纳拓展
compare vt.比较；相比
compare...with/to...把……与……作比较；对照compare...to...把……比作……
compared to/with...与……相比较而言(常置于句首作状语)
compare notes (with sb.) (与某人)交换看法或意见
②The results have been carefully checked and compared.
这些结果已经过仔细核对和比较。
③My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s.
我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。
④He compared his camera with/to mine.
他拿自己的相机与我的比较。
⑤London is larger，compared to/with Paris.
与巴黎相比较之下，伦敦较大。
⑥We often compare children to flowers.
我们常常把孩子比作花朵。
⑦Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
注意：(1)compare...with...＝compare...to...表示“比较”之意，意为“和……比较……”。
(2)过去分词短语compared with...＝compared to...表示“与……比起来”，常在句中作状语，可位于句首或句末，介词to和with可通用。
(3)compare...to...“把……比作……”，表示比喻时只能用compare...to...。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，______________________(和他的旧房子相比)．
答案：compared with his old one
(2)When ________________________(比较不同的文化)，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
答案：comparing different cultures
2.So how has this come about and does it matter
那么，这种现象是怎么产生的并且它有什么影响呢？
品味经典
①How did this accident come about
这起事故是怎样发生的？
②How did it come about that he knew where we were
他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的？
自我探究
(1)come about是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也没有被动语态，常指情况不受人控制的突然发生。意为：发生；造成。
(2)come about常构成How did it come about that...？句式，意为“……怎么回事？某事是怎么发生的？”。
易混辨析
come about，happen，take place，break out，occur
come about 强调“偶然发生”，也指差别、争论的产生。常用于疑问句和否定句。
happen 是普通用语，指“偶然发生”常用于sth.happen (to sb.)结构；也有“碰巧是，恰好是”的意思，用于it happens that...或sb./sth.happen to be/do sth.结构中。
take place 指“按计划、安排做……”；可引申为“进行，举行”。
break out 指“(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发”。
occur 可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划发生某事”；occur还表示“突然想到”，常用于it occurs to sb.that...结构。
牛刀小试
多项选择
(1)—Have you ________ some new idea
—Yeah.I’ll tell you later.
A．come about B．come into
C．come up with D．come out with
解析：选C。come about发生；come into进入，加入；come up with提出；come out with发表，公布。句意：——你提出了什么新想法吗？ ——是的。以后我会告诉你的。
(2)It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it ________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
解析：选C。这道题主要考查come＋介词形成不同短语的意思。这句话的意思是“10点了，我很奇怪这么短的路程她怎么会迟到两个小时”，“...how it________”应该是“怎么会发生……”的意思。come over 是“过来”的意思；come out 是“出来、生长的意思”；come up是“过来，出现”的意思；只有come about有“发生”的意思。
完成句子
(3)The accident occurred to the man who ________(恰好是)a foreigner，so it is hard to deal with.
答案：happened to be
3.All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。
品味经典
①I subscribed to your opinion completely.
我完全赞成你的意见。
②The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
当局不再支持残疾人不适宜做教师的观点。
③I subscribed to a monthly magazine.
我订阅了一份月刊杂志。
自我探究
subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购。
归纳总结
subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.(签署)文件
④Chris subscribes to an environmental action group.
克里斯定期捐款给一个环保行动组织。
⑤Please subscribe your name to the document.
请在文件上签名。
牛刀小试
(1)While I believe in you，I don’t ________ your view that she is failing to find a well-paid job again.
A．submit B．subscribe for
C．apply for D．subscribe to
解析：选D。句意：尽管我信任你，但是我不赞成你认为她再也找不到好工作的看法。subscribe to赞成，同意。
(2)We ________ all his optimism to the state of the current economy of our country because we have faith in our government.
A．oppose to B．contribute to
C．subscribe to D．react to
解析：选C。句意：我们都赞成他对我们国家目前的经济形势的乐观主义，因为我们对政府有信心。A表示反对；B表示贡献；C表示赞成，支持；D表示对……作出反应。
4.The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。
品味经典
①Quantities of food were on the table.桌子上有许多食物。
②Large quantities of money have been sent to the earthquake victims.
有大笔的钱寄给了地震灾民。
③There is a quantity of books on the shelf.
架子上有很多书。
④A large quantity of rice is badly needed here.
这儿需要很多大米。
自我探究
(1)quantities of “大量的，许多的”，其后可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数。
(2)quantities of与a (large) quantity of同义，可修饰可数或不可数名词。作主语时，谓语动词要根据quantity的形式确定单复数形式。
归纳拓展
quantity n.量，数量
quality n.质量
in quantity(＝in large amount)/in large quantities大量地，成批地，很多
⑤It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.
如果你大量购买要便宜得多。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)—Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water ______________(已经被污染)．
答案：have been polluted
(2)With more forests being destroyed，a huge quantity of good earth ____________________(正在被冲走)each year.
答案：is being washed away
5.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
这意味着更多的热量要被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。
(1)tend to do
品味经典
①He tends to get angry when people disagree on his plan.
别人反对他的计划时，他就容易生气。
②Women tend to live longer than men.
女人往往比男人长寿。
③One tends to make mistakes when tired.
人累了就容易出错。
自我探究
tend to do sth. 易于做某事；倾向于做某事；往往会做某事。
归纳拓展
tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理
tend to/towards sth. 有……趋向
tendency n.倾向；偏好
④The river here tends eastward.这条河从这里向东流。
⑤His views tend to/towards the extreme.
他的观点趋于偏激。
⑥She tended (to) her son carefully during his illness.
在儿子生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。
牛刀小试
(1)A sudden change in temperature ________ to bring rain or snow.
A．gets B．turns
C．hopes D．tends
解析：选D。tend to do易于……。句意：温度的突然变化易于带来雨或雪。
(2)go up
品味经典
①The temperature has gone up.温度上升了。
②The sun is going up slowly in the morning.
早上，太阳冉冉升起。
自我探究
go up 上升；增长；升起。
归纳拓展
go ahead 前进；进行
go against 反对；违背；不利于
go all out全力以赴
go around 传扬，传播
go by经过
go down 下沉；下降；降落
go in for 爱好；从事
go on 发生；前进；进行
go over 复习；查阅；视察；查看
go through 经历，经受，遭受
go without没有……也行
牛刀小试
(2)—Do you think that housing price will keep ________ in the years to come
—Sorry，I have no idea.
A．lifting up B．going up
C．bringing D．growing up
解析：选B。lift up举起，抬高；go up上升，上涨；bring up(及物动词词组)抚育；grow up长大(生长、发育)。句意：“你认为在未来几年中房价会持续上涨吗？”“抱歉，我不清楚。”
6.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
品味经典
①Our efforts resulted in success.
我们的努力最终带来了成功。
②The terrible accident resulted in the death of two passengers.那起可怕的意外事故造成两名乘客死亡。
自我探究
result in 导致。
归纳拓展
result from 起因于，因……而造成
as a result结果，因此
as a result of作为……的结果
without result毫无结果地
注意：(1)result in的同义词有：cause，lead to，bring about。
(2)result from与lie in同义。
牛刀小试
句型转换
His failure resulted from not working hard enough.→
(1)Not working hard enough ________ ________/ ________ ________his failure.
(2)He didn’t work hard.________ ________ ________，he failed.
(3)________ ________ ________ ________his not working hard enough，he failed.
答案：(1)resulted in；led to (2)As a result (3)As a result of
多项选择
(4)My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever；________，he could neither eat nor sleep.
A．as a result B．after all
C．anyway D．otherwise
解析：选A。as a result结果，因此；after all毕竟；anyway无论如何；otherwise否则。
7.On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点。他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
品味经典
①She seems very much opposed to your going abroad.
她好像很反对你出国。
②I’m strongly opposed to your plan.
我坚决反对你的计划。
③The mother opposed her daughter’s going there alone.
这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿。
④Who is opposing you in the match 谁和你比赛？
自我探究
(1)be opposed to意为“反对……”，to为介词。
(2)oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
归纳拓展
opposed adj.反对的；对立的
opposite adj.对面的；另一边的
opposition n.反对；反抗
易混辨析
oppose，be opposed to
oppose 反对；反抗，后若接动词，则用其动名词形式(即oppose doing sth.)，而不用动词不定式作宾语，与object to doing sth.同义。
be opposed to 反对……，to为介词，后面跟名词、代词或者动名词(即be opposed to ＋ n．/pron./doing sth.)，与be against同义。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)After the professor ____________________(反对实施)the project，the media focused on it.
答案：was opposed to carrying out
(2)我将反对改变这条法规。
I would __________________ the law.
答案：oppose changing
(3)我不喜欢别人那样对我说话。
I ________________ like that.
答案：object to being spoken to
8.They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.
他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。
品味经典
①If you stick to that，you shall answer for the consequences.
如果你坚持那样，你要对后果负责。
②Your decision will bring long lasting consequences.
你的决定将会带来深远的影响。
自我探究
consequence n．[C]_结果；后果；影响。
归纳拓展
as a consequence of/in consequence of...＝as a result of...因为；由于
in consequence ＝as a result因此；结果
take the consequences承担后果
③In consequence of your bad manners，I will punish you.
由于你的坏行为，我将惩罚你。
④He broke the law，and now he must face the consequences of his actions.
他触犯了法律，现在必须承担自己的行为带来的后果。
易混辨析
consequence，result
⑤Her illness is the consequence of overwork.
她生病是因为过度劳累。
⑥My investigations were without result.
我的调查毫无结果。
consequence 指随之而发生的结果、后果。
result 指最后的结果，与cause(原因)相对。
牛刀小试
(1) ________ your bad work，I am forced to dismiss you.
A．In consequence of B．Because
C．As consequence of D．In account of
解析：选A。in consequence of因为，由于；because因为，引导从句；C、D项结构不对，应为as a consequence of/on account of。
(2)Many houses were completely destroyed in the hurricane which struck the area last week.________，the victims had to live in the temporary shelters offered by the Red Cross.
A．As a result of B．As a consequence
C．As usual D．As for
解析：选B。as a result of由于……的原因，其后要接宾语；as a consequence因而，结果；as usual通常；as for至于。
9. ...it will encourage a greater range of animals...
……它会促进动物种类增多……
品味经典
①There are a wide range of color TV sets on sale in this supermarket.
这家超市出售各种型号的彩色电视机。
②We have students from a wide range of backgrounds.
我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。
③I would expect a salary in the range of $ 25,000 to $ 30，000.
我希望有一份在2.5万到3万美元之间的工资。
④The houses within this price range are sold out.
在这个价格范围之内的房子已售完。
自我探究
range n．[C] 种类；范围；幅度；界限；山脉；射程。
归纳拓展
(1)a range of...一系列……
within range 在范围内；在射程内
in/within the range of...在……范围内
out/outside of the range of...在……范围外；在射程外
(2)v.(在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列
range from...to...在……范围内变化或变动；从……延伸到……
range between...and...在……和……范围内变动
⑤Between Italy and France，there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间有一列山脉叫阿尔卑斯山。
⑥There are two hundred boys ranging from seven to fourteen in age.
有年龄从七岁到十四岁的两百个男孩。
巧学助记
排列 →系列；山脉 →(变动)范围；幅度 →射程
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考湖北卷)This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
解析：选C。a wide/full range of...一系列……，各种各样……；division分开；分隔；分配；area领域；方面。circle圈子，阶层等。句意：这家餐馆因其提供适合所有人口味和财力的各种食品而变得颇受欢迎。
(2)(2011年元济高二检测)My grandpa has many hobbies which ________ from collecting stamps to planting flowers.
A．range B．ranged
C．vary D．varies
解析：选C。range from...to...在……到……范围内变化；vary from...to...由……到……不等。
10.Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.
温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。
品味经典
①After 4 o’clock，the traffic begins to build up.
四点钟后，交通开始拥挤起来。
②As we rise slowly，potential energy is built up.
我们在慢慢上升时，势能也在增加。
③You need to build up your strength.你需要养精蓄锐。
④Promote physical culture and build up the people’s health.
发展体育运动，增强人民体质。
自我探究
build up 逐步建立；增加；增强体质。
牛刀小试
(1)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only ________ one’s strength，but also develop one’s character.
A．bring up B．take up
C．build up D．pull up
解析：选C。句意：练习中国功夫不仅可以增强体质，还可以培养一个人的性格。build up作“逐渐增强”讲，符合题意。其余三项：bring up提出，抚养；take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据；pull up拔出；(车辆)停止，均不符合语境。
(2)All the pressure ________ and he was off work for weeks with stress.
A．picked up B．made up
C．built up D．put up
解析：选C。pick up捡起，接收；make up编造，弥补；build up逐步增加；put up张贴；搭建。句意：各方面的压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班。
11.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
品味经典
①She kept on asking me what the time was.
她一直在问我几点钟了。
②He kept on talking after the bell rang for class.
上课铃响后他还在继续讲着。
自我探究
keep on 继续。后接 ing形式，不可接不定式。即keep on doing。
归纳拓展
keep away from远离……
keep an eye on注意，监视
keep back阻止，阻挡；扣下，留下
keep fit保持健康
keep...in mind记住
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep off避开，不接近
keep up with赶上，跟上，不落后
易混辨析
keep doing，keep on doing
keep doing 表示“保持同一动作的持续状态或保持连续不断的动作”，强调动作的连续性和客观性。
keep on doing 表示“继续做某事”(有时动作是时断时续的)，强调动作、行为的反复多次或表示决心、毅力。
③We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain.
尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里干活。
④Mr.Wang kept on explaining until the students understood.
王老师反复地解释直到学生们听懂了为止。
牛刀小试
Though it was raining，we ________ working until it was finished.
A．kept up B．kept from
C．kept on D．kept out
解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。keep up保持，维持；keep...from阻止……；keep on继续；keep...out把……挡在外面。句意：尽管在下雨，我们坚持工作直到完成。
12.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1)and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球是在变暖(见表一)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
句型巧析
品味经典
①There is no doubt that he will succeed.
毫无疑问他会成功的。
自我探究
There is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”。that引导同位语从句，只起连接作用，本身无意义，也不作任何成分，但不可以省略。
归纳拓展
(1)doubt用作名词时，后面接同位语从句，否定句、疑问句用that引导，肯定句用whether引导。
②I have no doubt that he will pass the exam.
我确信他会通过考试。
③Is there any doubt that he’ll attend the meeting on time
他准时出席会议有什么疑问吗？
④There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job.
他是不是担任那项工作的最佳人选有点怀疑。
(2)doubt用作动词时，意为“怀疑；不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的宾语从句由whether/if引导；在疑问句和否定句中doubt后面的宾语从句由that引导。
⑤I doubt whether/if he’ll keep his word.
我怀疑他是否遵守诺言。
⑥I don’t doubt that our team will win.
我们队获胜是没有疑问的。
牛刀小试
完成句子
Some researchers believe that ____________________(毫无疑问)a cure for AIDS will be found.
答案：there is no doubt that
译文助读
HE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER—
BUT DOES IT MATTER
During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit.That probably does not seem much to you or me，but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.So how has this come about and does it matter Earth Care’s Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
Graph 1: Temperature difference from long term average,1860－2000
全球在变暖——这会带来什么影响吗？
在20世纪期间，地球温度大约升了华氏(Fahrenheit)1度。这对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生(come about)的呢？会产生影响吗？“关爱地球”组织的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖(见表(Graph)1)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的(random)自然现象(phenomenon)。
表1：1860—2000年长期平均温度差
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.Some byproducts of this process are called“greenhouse”gases，the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.Dr Janice Foster explains：“There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the‘greenhouse effect’．This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere，like carbon dioxide，methane and water vapour，trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth.
Without the ‘greenhouse effect’，the earth would be about thirty three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.So，we need those gases.The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.”
We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years.It was a scientist called Charles Keeling，who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2)．
All scientists accept this data.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.So how high will the temperature increase go Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius，but it could be as high as 5 degrees.
Graph 2：Carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere,1957－1997
However，the attitudes of scientists towards this rise are completely different.On the one hand，Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe.She says，“We can’t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect，but it could be very serious.”Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level，or predict severe storms，floods，droughts，famines，the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species.
On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.In fact，Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.It will make plants grow quicker；crops will produce more；it will encourage a greater range of animals－all of which will make life for human beings better.”
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.No one knows the effects of global warming.Does that mean we should do nothing？Or，are the risks too great
所有的科学家都赞同(subscribe to)这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(fossil fuel)(如煤、天然气和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。这个升温过程的一些副产品(byproduct)就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝·福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为‘温室效应’的自然现象。这种现象发生在大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷(methane)、水蒸气等)吸收太阳的热量，因而使地球变暖的时候。
如果没有这种‘温室效应’，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏(Celsius)度左右。因此，我们需要那些气体。当我们的大气层中增加了大量(quantities of)额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量易于(tend)被困在大气层中．从而引起全球温度上升(go up)。”
我们知道，在过去100～150年期间，二氧化碳的含量急剧增加。有一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾经把1957～1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的测量(measurement)。他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从315/1000 000(per每一)上升到370/1000 000。(见表2)
所有科学家都接受这个数据(data)。他们还赞同，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料从而导致(result in)了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升多高？贾尼丝·福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到1～1.5摄氏度，但是也有可能会高达5摄氏度。
表2：1957—1997年大气中的二氧化碳含量
然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为气温升高5度的趋势(trend)可能是一场大灾难(catastrophe)。她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的气候可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科学家认为，全球变暖会导致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝(flood)、干旱(drought)、饥荒(famine)、疫病和物种的灭绝。
另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对(be opposed to)上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重(mild)，对环境的(environmental)影响(consequence)也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说(state陈述)的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物种类(range)增多——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
温室气体继续在大气中聚集。即使(even if)我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续( keep on)转暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们不必采取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不采取任何措施危险性会很大呢？
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共96张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
词汇精研
1.Drug abuse 滥用毒品
品味经典
①He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用职权。
②Don’t abuse the horse any more.不要再虐待这匹马了。
③His abuse of drugs lead to his death.
他滥用毒品导致死亡。
④The whites，on the other hand，shouted abuse at us.
而另一方面，白人们大声咒骂我们。
自我探究
abuse n．[C，U] & vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂。
(2011年泰州高二检测)Williams ________ his position as Mayor to give jobs to his friends.
A．bent B．abandoned
C．abused D．broke
解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：威廉姆斯滥用职权，给他的朋友们提供工作。abuse滥用，常与之搭配的名词有position，power，privilege，trust等。
牛刀小试
2.Stress 压力
品味经典
①You should pay special attention to stress while you are reading.
在朗读时，你要特别注意重音。
②They lay too much stress on money and position.
他们过于强调金钱和地位。
③The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.
英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。
④The report stressed that students’ math skills need to improve.
这份报告强调说学生的数学技能需要提高。
⑤He was feeling very stressed and tired.他感到心力交瘁。
自我探究
stress n．[U，C] 重压；压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调。
归纳拓展
易混辨析
stress，pressure
stress 指承受外来的压力，也可指由于某原因而引起的心理，生理或情绪上的紧张。
pressure 指单位面积上所受的压力，或利用影响、舆论、威胁所施加的压力或影响。
巧学助记
不一样的“压力”
用stress，pressure的适当形式填空
(1)More and more people cannot bear the ________ of modern life.
(2)The patient is complaining of his feeling of ________ on his chest.
(3)Nobody can work well under much ________.
答案：(1)stress (2)pressure (3)pressure/stress
牛刀小试
3.Do you think smoking should be banned
你认为吸烟应该被禁止吗？
品味经典
①Smoking is banned in the building.这幢楼里禁止吸烟。
②Charlie’s been banned from driving for a year.
查理被禁止驾驶一年。
③From 2008，there is a ban on offering plastic bags for free in supermarket.从2008年开始禁止超市无偿提供塑料袋。
④The government is considering a total ban on the sale of guns.政府正在考虑彻底禁止枪支销售。
自我探究
ban vt.禁止；取缔 n．[C] 禁令；谴责。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)There is to be a total ________(禁止停车)in the street.
答案：ban on parking
(2)学生们不允许带手机到校。
Students __________ bringing cellphones to school.
答案：are banned from
4.I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
品味经典
①Their failure is due to the fact that they lack experience.
他们的失败是因为他们缺少经验。
②Our happy childhood is due to our father’s hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
③That money is due to me，but I haven’t got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
④Their plane is due to arrive in 15 minutes.
他们的飞机预定在15分钟内到达。
⑤The electricity bill is due to today.今天该交电费了。
自我探究
(1)due to 由于。
(2)due adj.①应得的；应给的，②(车、船等)预定应到的；预期的；约定的，③到期应付的。
归纳拓展
due和due to考点提示
(1)due to是复合介词，在意义上是和because of及owing to相同的。但是because of只能作状语，而due to和owing to既可作原因状语，也可作表语。due to短语还可作定语。
This is a mistake due to over excitement.
这是过分激动造成的错误。
(2)due to短语一般不放在句首。
(3)due是形容词，后面有时也加to。但要和介词短语due to区分开。
He is due to speak tomorrow.(due预定的；预期的。句中的to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。)他预定明天讲话。
What is the amount due to him (due应付的。句中的to是介词，后接对象)欠他多少钱？
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)(2011年长春高二检测)They hurried to catch the train ________ at 4∶15 in the afternoon.
A．thanks to leave
B．due to leave
C．because of leaving
D．due to leaving
解析：选B。考查短语辨析。句意：他们匆忙赶上了预定下午4∶15离开的火车。due to leave“预定离开”，在句子中作定语。其它几项都有因为之意，不符合语境。
(2)(2011年三明高二检测)His great success ________ his hard training every day.
A．contributed to
B．thanked to
C．resulted in
D．was due to
解析：选D。考查短语辨析。句意：他的巨大成功归因于他每天的艰苦训练。be due to“是由于”。contribute to和result in后加结果而不是原因。thanks to是介词短语，不能用作谓语。
5.You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.你知道，当我是青少年时，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。
品味经典
①Don’t be addicted to the Internet.不要沉迷于网络中。
②Many students addict themselves to computer games.
许多学生迷恋计算机游戏。
自我探究
(1)be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth.对……有瘾；沉溺于
(2)addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的。
归纳探究
addict vt.使沉溺于；使入迷；使上瘾
n．入迷的人；有瘾的人
be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth.
对……有瘾；沉溺于
addict oneself to沉溺于……
addictive adj.(药物等)(使人)上瘾的；养成习惯的
③treatment centers for addicts戒毒中心
④a television addict电视迷
⑤Morphine is highly addictive.吗啡习惯性很强。
牛刀小试
(1)Compared with his sister，Jerry is even more ________ to，and more easily troubled by，emotional and relationship problems.
A．skeptical B．addicted
C．available D．sensitive
解析：选D。句意：与他的姐姐相比，吉瑞对情感和人际关系问题更敏感，而且更易受此类问题困扰。sensitive敏感的；skeptical怀疑的；addicted上瘾的；available可用的。
(2)What some teenagers don’t realize is how difficult life can be after they get ________to drugs.
A．absorbed B．interested
C．addicted D．affected
解析：选C。句意是：有些孩子简直不明白当他们吸毒成瘾后生活是多么的艰难。get addicted to对……上瘾；absorbed构成be absorbed in表示“专心于……”；interested构成be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”；affected构成be affected with表示“染上……病”。
6.This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
这就是说，过了一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
品味经典
①I’m not accustomed to getting up so early after the vacation.假期过后，我不习惯于这么早起床了。
②He took his accustomed seat by the fire.
他在炉火边经常坐的座位上坐了下来。
自我探究
(1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯的。
归纳拓展
③It took him a while to accustom himself to the idea.
他过了一段时间才习惯这个想法。
④She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early.
她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的习惯。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)—They are quiet，aren’t they
—Yes.They are accustomed ____________(吃饭时不说话)．
答案：to not talking at meals
(2)For many weeks we had been accustomed ____________(看到)horses and oxen suffering from heat，thirst and starvation.
答案：to seeing
7.I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.
我上瘾是这三个方面的原因，因此戒烟很难。
品味经典
①I wish you’d all quit arguing.我希望你们都停止争吵。
②He quitted Paris after a week.他一周后离开了巴黎。
③He has to quit school because he can not afford the tuition.他负担不起学费，因此不得不辍学了。
自我探究
quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开。
归纳拓展
注意：quit接动名词作宾语，接不定式做目的状语。
quit working停止工作
quit to go abroad 辞职去国外
牛刀小试
Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people________smoking.
A．quit B．decline
C．depart D．reserve
解析：选A。考查词语辨析。句意：医生们正在做研究是为了发现当人们戒烟时，他们身体上会发生什么情况。quit放弃；停止，后常接doing。decline下降；depart 起程；reserve预订，都不符合语境。
8. When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害我知道的并不多。
品味经典
①This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.
这件事对母子俩的将来影响很大。
②I tried to persuade him，but with little effect.
我尽力劝他，但他根本不听。
自我探究
effect n．[C，U] 结果，影响；效力。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
完成句子
The TV programme ________________________
(对孩子有积极影响)as well as the old.
答案：has a positive effect on the children
9.Decide on a day to quit.确定一个开始戒烟的日子。
品味经典
①Have you decided on a date for the wedding
你们确定结婚日期了吗？
②Finally，she decided on a pink dress.
最后，她选定了一件粉红色的衣服。
自我探究
decide on＝determine on 对……做出决定。
易混辨析
decide，decide on
(1)decide意为：“决定；决意”。后面多接动词不定式和that从句(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
(2)decide on“确定；选定”。尤其指经过长时间的考虑后决定用某物，后面接名词。
③They decided that John (should) stay there.
他们决定约翰要留在那里。
④Have you decided on a name for the baby yet
你们为孩子取好名字了吗？
牛刀小试
(2011年吉水高二检测)We must ________ a topic before we start to write.
A．decide between B．decide to
C．decide on D．decide against
解析：选C。 考查短语辨析。句意：在开始写作之前我们必须先选定一个主题。decide on确定；选定，符合语境。decide between在……之间作出选择，decide to决定做……，decide against决定不用(做)……。
10.Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒自己，你是一个不吸烟的人。
品味经典
①Do you feel like a swim 你想游泳吗？
②I feel like taking a walk.Would you like go to with me.
我想去散散步，你愿和我一起去吗？
③I felt like laughing at the joke.听了这个笑话，我想笑。
自我探究
feel like (doing) sth.想要(做)……(后面接名词、代词或动词的 ing形式)。
归纳拓展
feel like...还可意为“摸起来像是……一样；感觉像是……(like在此为介词)”
④This new man made material feels like real leather.
这种新的人造材料摸起来如同真皮革。
⑤I felt like an idiot when I answered wrong.
当我答错时，我自己觉得像是个白痴。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)—Would you feel like ________(吸)a cigarette
—Yes，I ________________(愿意)．But my doctor asked me not to do so.
答案：smoking；would like to
(2)________________(说实话)，I feel like ________
(去)to bed at the present.
答案：To tell you the truth；going
11.If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.
如果你因意志衰弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
品味经典
①She feels ashamed of having failed in the examination.
她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。
②Hazel was too ashamed to ask her family for help.
黑兹尔觉得没脸向家人求助。
③Barry was ashamed that he had lost his temper.
巴里因自己发脾气感到很惭愧。
自我探究
ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的(表语形容词)。
归纳拓展
易混辨析
ashamed，shameful
ashamed 感到羞耻的；感到惭愧的。指事情使人感到羞耻，惭愧，难为情等。只能用作表语。
shameful 可耻的；丢脸的。指事情或行为本身不道德。既可用作表语又可用作定语。
助学巧记
He was ashamed to cheat，because he realized that it was shameful to cheat in the exam.
他为作弊而羞愧，因为他认识到考试作弊是可耻的。
牛刀小试
选词填空(ashamed，shame，shameful，shameless)
(1)I was ________of having lied to my teacher.
(2)If he did anything________，I won’t go with him.
(3)He is a________liar.
(4)The football riot(骚乱) made me________to be English.
(5)How could you do such a thing Have you no________？
答案：(1)ashamed (2)shameful (3)shameless
(4)ashamed (5)shame
多项选择
(6)The instructor asked us to list anything in our past that we felt ________of，regretted and read our lists aloud.
A．ashamed B．afraid
C．sure D．proud
解析：选A。句意：辅导教师让我们列出我们过去觉得渐愧、后悔的任何事情，并把这个名单大声读出来。此处要用ashamed表示“惭愧”。
12. But I did finally manage.但是我终于还是戒掉了。
句型巧析
品味经典
①Do come here next morning! 明天上午务必要来！
②Do you mean it sounds strange I will tell you something that does sound strange.你是说这听起来很奇怪吗？ 我来告诉你一些听起来真的很奇怪的事情。
自我探究
句中的did是谓语动词的一种强调形式，表示“确实；的确”。
归纳拓展
英语中，特别是在祈使句或肯定句中，需要强调谓语动词时，须在谓语动词前加上助动词do，does或did，用以加强语气，意为“务必；确实；一定”等。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)If you have a job，________________(一定要致力于)it and finally you’ll succeed.
答案：do devote yourself to
多项选择
(2)Mike，as far as I know，________ like to play music.
A．seems B．appears
C．feels D．does
解析：选D。as far as I know 为插入语，去掉插入语后，再结合like 后面的不定式可以知道like为动词而不是介词，故排除A、B、C。D项“does＋动词原形”表示强调，意思为“的确，确实”。
13.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的确希望你把它戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。
品味经典
①This is as good an example as the other is.
这是一个像其它的一样好的例子。
②I can carry as much paper as you can.
我可像你一样能够带一样多的纸。
③I’m not so good a player as any of you.
我不是一个像你们任何一个一样好的运动员。
自我探究
“as...as...”如果与单数可数名词连用，它们的顺序是：as＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.＋as...。
归纳探究
as...as...，not so...as...；so...that...；too...to/for；how如果与单数可数名词连用，它们的顺序一律是：as/so/too/how＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.。
④She is so lovely a girl that everyone likes her.
她是那样一个可爱的女孩，以至于每个人都喜欢她。
⑤This is too long a journey for me.
这是一个对我来说太长的旅程。
⑥How hot a day it is！多么热的一天啊！
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)—Hurry up！We’ll miss the train.Can’t you run any faster
—Sorry，I’m going ________________(尽可能快地)．
答案：as fast as I can
(2)Although he was disabled，he tried to lead ________________(尽可能正常的生活)．
答案：as normal a life as possible/he could
译文助读
ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Dear James，
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle.It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.It’s my birthday in two weeks time and I’ll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
This brings me to the real reason for my letter，my dear grandson.Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
By the way，did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways First，you can become physically addicted to nicotine，which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes.
This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.So when the drug leaves your body，you get withdrawal symptoms.I remember feeling bad tempered and sometimes even in pain.Secondly，you become addicted through habit.As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.Lastly，you can become mentally addicted.I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette，so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.But I did finally manage.
When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking.I didn’t know，for example，that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.I certainly didn’t know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way.Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non smokers.However，what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.She said my breath and clothes smelt，and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow.
She told me that she wouldn’t go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly，and that I wasn’t enjoying sport as much.When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit smoking.
I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet.It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
Love from
Grandad
爷爷的忠告
亲爱的詹姆士：
今天这儿的天气很好。现在我正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下呢。我刚刚才回来，骑自行车跑了很长一段路，一直到了古城堡。感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。再过两个礼拜就是我82岁的生日了！我想之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于(due to)我的健康生活。
这就是我写信给你的真正原因，我亲爱的孙子。你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在很难把它戒掉。
相信我吧，我知道，吸烟容易戒烟难(tough)。你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾(addicted to)。
这儿我想顺便问你一个问题，你知道上瘾表现在哪三个方面吗？首先，你会在身体上对尼古丁(nicotine)有瘾，它是香烟里的几百种化学物质之一。这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了(accustomed to)香烟里的尼古丁。一旦你的体内没有这种麻醉剂了，你就会有断瘾(withdrawal)症状，我记得曾感到暴躁(bad tempered)、甚至痛苦。
其次你在习惯上上瘾。你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自动地(automatically)做它。最后，你可能精神上(mentally)上瘾。我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就以为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。我在这三个方面都很上瘾，因此，要戒烟就很难。但是我终于还是戒掉(quit)了。
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性(effect结果)我知道的并不多。例如，我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部(lung)，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育(pregnant怀孕的)能力会下降。我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻或在某些方面不正常(abnormal)。
我更不知道，自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟人的健康。然而我的的确确知道，我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。她说我的呼吸、我的衣服都有味道，而且我的手指头都变黄了。她说在我把烟戒掉之前，她是不会再同我一起外出的。我也发现我很容易就气喘吁吁的(breathless)，也不像以前那样爱好运动了。而当我因为不健康(unfit)而被校足球队除名之后，我知道是我该戒烟的时候
了。
我把我从网上找到的一些建议寄给你。也许对你戒烟和坚定(strengthen)决心(resolve)会有所帮助。我的确希望你把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。
爱你的爷爷
How can you stop smoking
It is not easy to stop smoking，but millions have managed to quit and so can you.Here are a few suggestions.
·Prepare yourself.Decide on a day to quit.Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful，such as the day of an exam.Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stop ping smoking.Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.
·Be determined.Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non smoker.Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.
·Break the habit.Instead of smoking a cigarette，do something else.Go for a walk，clean your teeth，drink some water，clean the house；in fact，do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy.
·Relax.If you start to feel nervous or stressed，do not reach for a cigarette.
Try some deep breathing instead.Do some relaxation exercises every time you feel stressed.
·Get help if you need it.Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems，or join a stop smoking group.If you feel desperate，you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you，like nicotine chewing gum.
·Keep trying.Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.Just try again.You will succeed eventually.
你怎样才能戒烟？
戒烟不容易，但许许多多的人都成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。这儿有几点建议：
·做好准备。决定(decide on)一个开始戒烟的日子。不要选择你明知有压力的(stressful)日子，例如要考试的那一天。把戒烟的好处列一个清单。然后把你最后一包(packet)香烟扔掉。
·下定决心。每当你想要(feel like)吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你是不吸烟的人。把你早先写的那个戒烟的好处的清单反复地看一看。
·破除旧习。不要抽烟，而去干点别的事情。去散散步、刷刷牙、喝点水、打扫房间。其实，只要是能使你的大脑，特别是手不得闲的事情，你都可以去做。
·放松。如果你开始感到紧张有压力了，不要伸手去拿香烟。试着做做深呼吸。每当你感到紧张了，就去做做放松(relaxation)运动。
·必要时找人帮忙。安排同朋友一起来戒烟，这样你们可以谈谈你们的问题，你也可以参加一个戒烟小组。
如果你感到成功渺茫(desperate绝望的)，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师(chemist)来谈谈，帮你想点办法，如含尼古丁的口香糖(chewing gum)等。
·继续努力。即使非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失去希望(disappointed)。如果你因意志薄弱(weaken)而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情(ashamed)。那就再努力戒就是了。最终你是会成功的。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共36张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
写作专题突破
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅳ
语法专题突破
品味语法
1．It is half past now.现在是两点半。
2．It’s your mother on the phone.是你母亲来的电话。
3．He found it no easy to learn a foreign language well.
他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。
4．I will appreciate it if you can help me.
如您能帮助，我将不胜感激。
自我探究
it 作人称代词 ，既可指人，也可指物。可作形式主语，形式宾语。
it 的用法(1)
it在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。也可用于指代人、时间、距离和自然现象等。另外，它也可以用作形式主语、形式宾语，在强调句型中使用等。下面我们来详细总结一下it的用法，希望对大家的学习有帮助。
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
讲解归纳
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可作主语，也可以作宾语。
1．指动物和植物。如：
It looks like a cat！它看上去像只猫！
Where’s tea grown？It’s grown in the southeast of China.什么地方种植茶？中国东南部种植茶。
2．泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等。如：
What time is it？几点了？
It’s summer in Australia now.现在澳大利亚是夏天。
3．代替上文提到过的整个事情。如：
Well，you mustn’t play on the road.It’s dangerous.
哦，你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了！
Picking apples was hard work，but they really enjoyed it.
摘苹果是件苦活，可他们都乐意去干。
二、用于指代人
1．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。如：
—Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？
—It’s me.是我。
2．指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。如：
The baby smiled when it saw its mother.
这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。
注意：看到这样的句子(或听到这样的话)时，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。
3．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。如：
—Who’s that？那人是谁？—Is it Kate？是凯特吗？
三、作形式主语或形式宾语，替代不定式，v. ing形式，主语从句或宾语从句
1．作形式主语
It seemed impossible to finish the job on time.似乎按时完成这项工作是不可能的。(真实主语是不定式短语)
It won’t be easy finding our way home.寻找回家的路不容易。(真实主语是动名词短语)
It is said that he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
据说他明天去北京。(真实主语是主语从句)
2．作形式宾语
I found it difficult to explain to him what had happened.
我觉得向他解释清楚发生了什么事很困难。(真实宾语是不定式短语to explain to him what had happened)
He thought it no use discussing the subject again.他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。(真实宾语是动名词短语discussing the subject again)
They kept it secret that he was dead.他们对他的死保密。(真实宾语是that引导的从句)
四、it作形式主语的常用句式
1．It is clear(obvious，true，possible，certain...)that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的，可能，肯定……)”。
It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear.很清楚他不喜欢它。
2．It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉……)”。
It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit.据报道又有一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3．It is time(about time，high time)that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词①常用过去时态表示虚拟。②有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省，常译为“是(正是)……的时候了”。
It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed.孩子们该睡了。
4．It is the first(second...)time that...该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。
至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为“是第一(二)……次做……”。
It is the first time I have been here.
这是我第一次到这里来。
5．It is a pity(a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！
6．It happens(seems，looks，appears)that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
他看来再过几天才能回来。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．The fact that she was foreign made ________________________(她很难找到工作)in that country.(difficult)
答案：it difficult for her to get a job
2．The doctor thought ________
________________(是有好处的)for you to have a holiday.(good)
答案：it would be good/it good
语法专练
3．I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I don’t have enough money to ________(买下来)．(buy)
答案：buy it
4．________________________(让我担忧) the way he keeps changing his mind.(worry)
答案：It worries me
5．The doctor advised strongly that she should take a holiday，but ________________________
(这无济于事)．(help)
答案：it didn’t help
6．Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see ________________________(是谁)．(who)
答案：who it is
7．________________________(已经决定了)when we are to hold the sports meeting？(decide)
答案：Has it been decided
8．________________________(直到昨天)that he realized that he was wrong.(until)
答案：It was not until yesterday
9．—Do you like __________________(这里)
—Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is nice.(it)
答案：it here
10．________________________(天气相当暖和)at the moment.(quite)
答案：It is quite warm
Ⅱ.句型转换(用it改写下列句子)
1．Her sisters offered to pay her fare.That was generous of them.
____________________________to offer to pay her fare.
答案：It was generous of her sisters
2．Her brother invited her to stay.That was very kind of him.
____________________to invite her to stay.
答案：It was kind of her brother
3．You found your wallet.That is lucky.
It is lucky________________________.
答案：that you found your wallet
4．You couldn’t find a less expensive hotel.That is a pity.
It is a pity________________________________.
答案：that you couldn’t find a less expensive hotel
5．To walk in the garden is pleasant.
____________________to walk in the garden.
答案：It is pleasant
写作专题突破
【写作要求】
假如你是某报社编辑Bob，收到了李华的一封来信。请仔细阅读下面的来信，并用英语写一封回信，就他遇到的问题进行分析并提出合理建议。
Dear Bob，
I’m a student from Xinhua Senior High School.I have some difficulties communicating with my parents.Although I have tried my best，I find it really difficult to make them satisfied....So I feel lonely sometimes.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
Best wishes，
Yours，
Li Hua
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【要点词汇】
1．做某事有困难__________________
2．青少年时代__________________
3．代沟__________________
4．与某人分享某物__________________
5．对某人抱高期望__________________
6．不辜负__________________
答案：1.have trouble(in)doing sth. 2.adolescence
3．generation gap 4.share sth.with sb. 5.place high expectations on sb. 6.live up to
【句式结构】
1．这是好多人都会遇到的一个常见问题，其原因就在于我们所谓的“代沟”。
It’s a common problem shared by many people，whose cause ________________________________.
答案：lies in what we call“generation gap”
2．对孩子抱过高期望不是他们的错。
It is not their fault ____________
__________________ their child.
答案：to place too high expectations on
3．只要父母知道你已经尽最大努力来达到他们的标准，我相信他们对你会满意的。
I believe they will be satisfied with you so long as they know you have tried your best to ________________________________.
答案：live up to their standards
4．不管怎样，你的父母是这个世界上最爱你的人。
Anyway，there is no one who love you ____________________ in the world.
答案：more than your parents
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Dear Li Hua，
I feel greatly honored to be trusted with your personal affairs.
I have to say that you are not alone when having trouble communicating with parents.Almost everybody had it when they were in their adolescence.Therefore，it’s a common problem shared by many people，whose cause lies in what we call“generation gap”．
As for my advice for you，first of all，don’t hide your feelings.You can make it a routine to share your thoughts with your parents.Secondly，convince them that you have tried your best.It is not their fault to place too high expectations on their child.I believe they will be satisfied with you so long as they know you have tried to live up to their standards.Anyway，there is no one who love you more than your parents in the world.
Whatever you are，they will always be there for you.Love them，and love can heal everything.
Good luck!
Yours，
Bob
【类文点津】
亮点一：文章中作者从求助者的角度来帮助对方解决问题，语言得体，行文流畅，结构严谨让人倍感亲切，易于接受，值得借鉴。
亮点二：I feel greatly honored to be trusted with your personal affairs.I have to say...的准确运用拉近了求助者与建议者的距离，很容易使对方产生情感共鸣。
亮点三：巧妙运用多种复杂结构，如宾语从句，时间状语，定语从句，让步状语从句等，及it作形式宾语、it 作形式主语，使文章整体结构清晰、丰富。
亮点四：灵活运用多种连接词及短语，如therefore，as for，first of all，secondly，so long as，anyway等，使得文章整体衔接自然、流畅。
We all hope to have a healthy life.But have you ①got into the bad habit of smoking ②cigarettes or becoming ③mentally addicted to alcoholic drinks If not，perhaps you are lucky enough to enjoy a life of ④fitness.However，⑤in spite of the harm done by smoking cigarettes or drinking ⑥alcohol，many ⑦adolescents are trying to get ⑧accustomed to them.
Many adults have become heavy smokers or ⑨bad tempered drinkers
词语串串练
我们都希望有健康的生活。
但是你是否染上了吸烟或在
精神上对酒上瘾的坏习惯？
如果没有，你就可能足够幸
运能享有健康的生活。然而，尽管吸烟或喝酒会造成伤害，但是很多青少年正试图养成这种习惯。
由于生活的压力，很多成年人成了重度吸烟者或坏脾气的酒徒。虽然吸烟者知道吸烟对肺部有不好的影响，但是他们戒不了烟。通常他们会在一天不自觉地(automatically无意识地)吸一两包香烟或雪茄
烟。
甚至一些孕(pregnant怀孕的)妇也想吸烟。她们说吸烟能够使她们放松。这是一个误解。恰恰相反，吸烟会使她们的孩子身体不健康甚至畸形，使她们自己喘不过气来。正像吸烟一样，喝酒也同样会消弱人们的体质，而非增强。而且，重度酒徒会使他们的家人失望甚至绝望。有时候醉汉会冒险穿越马路，那会经常引起事故。
另一个坏习惯是注射毒品或吸食非法药丸。人们若与其他人共用一个针头注射毒品，很可能会感染艾滋病。
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