Unit 3 Fairness for all
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．Many young people are____________(抵制) Japanese products recently.
2．How many students have____________(注册) for English classes
3．By t__________，it’s the bride’s parents who pay for the wedding.
4．He dislikes the man and is u____________to help him.
5．As an official，he shouldn’t have a____________his power.
6．It was e____________that she was seriously ill.
7．When the earthquake took place，people were in c____________.
8．There were many more____________(步行者) during the vacation.
9．Five persons died during the____________(碰撞) between two buses.
10．The company has____________(商议) a new contract with its staff.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．It was____________for us when Shenzhou Ⅶ returned successfully.
2．Community police have____________crime prevention.
3．He has____________living alone on that lonely island.
4．They____________a little poem and wrote it on the card.
5．____________our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year.
6．____________women get married in long white dresses.
7．He____________accept the money.
8．You must____________the opportunity of being promoted.
9．Smoking can____________lung cancer.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
UN Health Agency Says Breastfeeding Can Save Babies’ Lives.
The World Health Organization says exclusive breastfeeding can save millions of infant lives every year.As World Breastfeeding Week gets underway，W.H.O.and its partners are promoting mother’s milk as the best way to give babies a healthy start in life.
W．H.O.recommends exclusively breastfeeding babies until they are six months of age.And it says continued breastfeeding up to two years of age and beyond will greatly reduce child deaths caused by infection and malnutrition(营养不良) in developing countries.
W．H.O estimates 3.5 million children die every year of malnutrition.It says up to 1.5 million children could be saved by increasing breastfeeding.That’s because mother’s milk contains important nutrients，vitamins and minerals that are found nowhere else.And these provide immunities (免疫力) against a host of infections and diseases.It defends the baby against all the potential microbia that can affect him.So，that is why the child will have less episodes of diarrhea(腹泻)，will have less experiences with respiratory infections and also less likely to die because of common childhood illnesses，especially diarrhea and pneumonia(肺炎)．
W．H.O.acknowledges that breastfeeding may not be appropriate in all cases.For instance，if a mother is HIV－positive，she could transmit the disease to her baby through breastfeeding.It might be better for mothers to choose formula milk.
According to the environment，the risk of the baby dying because of other illnesses，other infections diseases might be a lot higher than before.For example，many developing countries do not have safe water and mixing polluted water with powdered formula is a common cause of death among infants.
W．H.Osays mother’s milk is best everywhere in the world，in rich and poor countries alike.New studies show breastfeeding can protect children against chronic(慢性的)diseases later in life.Breast fed babies are at lower risk of getting high blood pressure，high cholesterol，of becoming very fat and of developing type 2 diabetes.
1．What does the underlined word “respiratory” in the third paragraph mean
A．of stomach B．of breathing
C．of brain D．of lung
2．Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of the following diseases EXCEPT________.
A．malnutrition and high cholesterol
B．diarrhea and blood pressure
C．pneumonia and type 2 diabetes
D．heart attack and pneumonia
3．From the passage we can know________.
A．all the babies should be fed with mother’s milk
B．mother’s milk can not transmit disease to babies
C．breast fed babies have less chance to get some diseases than others
D．the longer exclusive breastfeeding is，the more healthy the babies are in every country
4．The main idea of the passage is that________.
A．exclusive breastfeeding can save babies’ lives
B．millions of babies die of malnutrition in developing
countries
C．breastfeeding may not be appropriate in all cases
D．breastfeeding can protect children against chronic
diseases
B
Dr.Martin Luther King
It was December 1955，and Martin Luther King had just received his doctorate degree in theology.He had moved to Montgomery，Alabama to preach (讲道) at a Baptist church.He saw there，as in many other southern states，that African－Americans had to ride in the back of public buses，Dr.King knew that this law violated the rights of every African－American.He organized and led a boycott of the public buses in the city of Montgomery.Any person，black or white，who was against segregation (种族隔离) refused to use public transportation.Those people who boycotted were threatened or attacked by other people；or even arrested or jailed by the police.After 382 days of boycotting the bus system，the Supreme Court declared that the Alabama State segregation law was unconstitutional.
African－Americans were not only segregated on buses throughout the South.Equal housing was denied to them，and seating in many hotels and restaurants are refused.
In 1957，Dr.King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (南方基督教领导会议) and moved back to his hometown of Atlanta，Georgia.This was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.In the following years，he continued to organize non－violent protests against unequal treatment of African－American people.His philosophy remained peaceful，and he constantly reminded his followers that their fight would be victorious if they did not resort to bloodshed.Nonetheless，he and his demonstrators were often threatened and attacked.Demonstrations which began peacefully often ended up in violence，and he and many others were often arrested.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.It was not the first law of civil rights for Americans，but it was the most thorough and effective.The Act guaranteed equal rights in housing，public facilities，voting and public schools.Everyone would have impartial hearings (申诉的机会) and jury trials.A civil rights commission would ensure that these laws were enforced.Dr.Martin Luther King and thousands of others now knew that they had not struggled in vain.In the same year Dr.King won Nobel Peace Prize for leading nonviolent demonstrations.
In 1968，Dr.Martin Luther King was assassinated while he was leading a workers’ strike in Memphis，Tennessee，white people and black people who had worked so hard for peace and civil rights were shocked and angry.The world was in deep sorrow at the loss of this man of peace.
Dr.Martin Luther King’s death did not slow the Civil Rights Movement.Black and white people continued to fight for freedom and equality.
5．Which is the beginning of Civil Rights Movement
A．The boycott of the public buses in the city of Montgomery.
B．The establishment of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference by Dr.King.
C．The pass of the Civil Rights Act.
D．The assassination of Dr.King in 1968.
6．Which is true according to the passage
A．Only black people (African－Americans) fought for freedom and equality.
B．Dr.King won Nobel Prize for leading demonstrations.
C．Dr.King was assassinated in Montgomery.
D．The death of Dr.King threw the world in deep sorrow.
7．Which of the following is not the segregation suffered by the black
A．They had to ride in the back of public buses.
B．They were denied equal housing.
C．They were refused to go to school.
D．They were not allowed to eat in many restaurants.
8．Which of the following is the way in which Dr.King fought for equality
A．He led African－Americans to fight with violence.
B．He fought in a nonviolent way.
C．He fought by writing papers.
D．He led them to kill officials.
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．Working with abused children t____________his life.
2．D____________against Blacks is still common.
3．Enjoy yourself today and don’t worry about tomorrow—that’s my p____________！
4．I hold no b____________for those who say that violence can be justified.
5．He taught us freedom，tolerance and ____________(兄弟情谊)．
6．People of all races，colors and____________(信仰) have to live together.
7．She tends to d____________the conversation.
8．This is a famous____________(引用语) from the Bible.
9．He has admitted to having c____________murder.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．His tastes are______________mine.
2．They soon______________against the foreign invaders.
3．Most students have little difficulty________________college life.
4．They were______________their patience.
5．She wanted to______________the remaining weeks of her life at home.
6．Teachers ________________with parents to prepare the hall for the school play.
7．Now tell us your story______________.
8．We must________________delivery of those goods，or they will be overdue.
9．A complete change of climate can________the area from a desert________________a swamp.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．He was born in the year________the Anti－Japanese War broke out.
A．which B．when
C．on which D．during which
2．When he retires(退休) from his work，he will return to the small town________he grew up as a child.
A．in that B．which
C．where D．from where
3．Only by working hard are you able to________your dreams.
A．live for B．live on
C．live out D．live through
4．The dream________we can fly in space has been realized by Chinese astronauts.
A．when B．that
C．which D．what
5．The headline “A dead body found in a hotel”________his attention.Which one is wrong
A．drew B．paid
C．caught D．attract
6．—Didn’t anyone________James and say it wasn’t his fault
—None.
A．stand up for B．stand for
C．stand by D．stand out
7．The magician tried to convince us________his ability by transforming a frog________a princess.
A．不填；into B．of；to
C．on；不填 D．of；into
8．As early as his second film，Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting，the one that________world famous.
A．would become B．became
C．was to become D．had become
9．The young researcher laughed at some of his________colleagues who stuck to outdated ideas.
A．modern B．present－day
C．up－to－date D．contemporary
10．I need your report on my desk by Friday at the________.
A．late B．later
C．latest D．lately
Ⅳ.完形填空
Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas city in 1918.His father died in an accident when John was six.He was__1__high school age，but his hometown__2__no high school for blacks.
__3__he had a strong－willed，caring mother.John __4__that his mother told him many times，“Son，you can __5__everything you really want to be if you just __6__.”She told him not to depend on others，__7__his mother.“You have to earn success.” said she，“All the people who work hard__8__succeed，but the only people who__9__succeed are those who works hard.”
These words came from a woman with less than a third grade__10__.She also knew that__11__and hard work couldn’t__12__everything.So she worked hard as a cook for two years to save enough to take her son to Chicago.
Chicago in 1933 was not the promising__13__that black southerners were__14__for.John’s mother and stepfather could not find work.But here John could go to school，and here he learned the__15__of words as editor of the newspaper and year－book at Du Sable High School.His wish was to__16__a magazine for the blacks.
While others__17__him，John’s mother offered him more words to live by，“Nothing beats a failure but a__18__.”She let him pawn (典当) her furniture to get $ 500 he needed to start the Negro magazine.
It is__19__that difficulties and failure followed John closely__20__he became very successful.He always keep his mother’s words in mind，“Son，failure is not in your vocabulary.”
1.A.reaching B．getting
C．in D．of
2．A.got B．set
C．offered D．gave
3．A.Therefore B．First
C．Fortunately D．Otherwise
4．A.remembered B．knew
C．learned D．understood
5．A.be B．take
C．get D．have
6．A.work B．succeed
C．do D．go
7．A.including B．except
C．besides D．but
8．A.don’t B．wouldn’t
C．can D．will
9．A.may B．do
C．should D．might
10．A.lesson B．education
C．class D．pupil
11．A.believing B．practice
C．experience D．knowledge
12．A.make B．become
C．mean D．bring
13．A.land B．spot
C．center D．town
14．A.going B．seat
C．naming D．looking
15．A.value B．cost
C．strength D．power
16．A.lend B．publish
C．sell D．set
17．A.watched B．admired
C．respected D．discouraged
18．A.try B．success
C．hero D．hope
19．A.possible B．natural
C．obvious D．strange
20．A.until B．though
C．because D．after
Ⅴ.阅读理解
In a moment of personal crisis，how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver I began studying this question and answers are interesting.
One morning，I got into three different taxis and announced，“Well，it’s my first day back in New York in seven years.I’ve been in prison.”Not a single driver replied，so I tried again.“Yeah，I shot a man in Reno.”I explained，hoping the driver would ask me why，but nobody asked.The only response came from a Ghanaian driver，“Reno That is in Nevada？”
Taxi drivers were uniform sympathetic when I said I’d just been fired.“This is America，”a Haitian driver said.“One door is closed.Another is open.”He argued against my plan to burn down my boss’s house.A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope；he refused to take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge—a $ 20 trip，“Why you want to go there Go home and relax.Don’t worry.Take a new job.”
One very hot weekday in July，while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word“BANK”on it，I tried calling a taxi five times outside different banks.The driver picked me up every time.My ride with a Haitian driver was typical of the superb assistance I received.
“Let’s go across the park.”I said.“I just robbed the bank there.I got $ 25,000.”
“$ 25,000？”he asked.
“Yeah，you think it was wrong to take it？”
“No，man.I work 8 hours and I don’t make almost $70.If I can do that，I do it too.”
As we approached 86th and Lexington，I pointed to the Chemical Bank.
“Hey，there is another bank，”I said，“Could you wait here a minute while I go inside？”
“No，I can’t wait.Pay me now.”His unwillingness may have had something to do with money—taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low—but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can’t expect unconditional support.
1．From the Ghanaian driver’s response，we can infer that ________.
A．he was afraid of the author
B．he thought the author was crazy
C．he looked down upon the author
D．he was indifferent to the killing
2．Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George Washington Bridge
A．Because he was able to help the author to find a new job.
B．Because he wanted to go home and relax.
C．Because he thought that the author would commit suicide.
D．Because it was far away from his home.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE about New York taxi drivers
A．They are ready to help you do whatever you want to.
B．They are sympathetic with those who are out of work.
C．They refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves.
D．They work only for money.
4．The passage mainly discusses________.
A．the way to please taxi riders
B．the way to deal with taxi riders
C．taxi drivers’ attitude to riders in personal trouble
D．taxi drivers’ attitude to troublesome taxi riders
Unit 3 Fairness for all
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading
－Language Points
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．boycotting 2.registered 3.tradition 4.unwilling
5．abused 6.evident 7.chaos 8.pedestrians
9. collision 10.negotiated
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．a red－letter day 2.made a contribution to
3．been accustomed to 4.made up 5.On the basis of
6．By tradition 7.was unwilling to 8.seize on
9．lead to
Ⅲ.阅读理解
1．【解析】选B。下文的especially diarrhea and pneumonia可知这里的respiratory不是指胃部而应该是呼吸方面的疾病。
2．【解析】选D。细节判断题。由第二、三段以及最后一段可知母乳喂养可降低婴儿患营养不良、腹泻、肺炎、高血压、高胆固醇和二型糖尿病的几率。而文中没有说心脏病。
3．【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第四段可知A、B项是错误的；由第二段可知D项是错误的；由最后一段的“Breast fed babies are at lower risk of getting high blood pressure，high cholesterol，of becoming very fat and of developing type 2 diabetes.”可知C项是正确的。
4．【解析】选A。主旨归纳题。文章第一段首句给出了全文的主题：母乳喂养可降低婴儿的死亡率。而B、C、D项是文章的部分内容。
5．【解析】选B。本题的答案在文章中的第三段的第二句中，“This was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.”
6．【解析】选D。本题属于判断题，选项A不够完整，不仅仅是黑人为了自由和平等斗争，一些白种人也和他们站在同一战线上，这在文章的第一段“Any person，black or white，who was against...”。选项B也不完整，Dr.King是因领导non－violent demonstration而获得的诺贝尔奖，这在文章中的第四段的最后一句，C项错误，Dr.King是在Tennessee被杀害，这在文章倒数第二段的第一句中。
7．【解析】选C。本题属于细节题。在文章的第二段中，其中包括A、B、D，C项在文章中没有提到。
8．【解析】选B。本题在文章的第三段Dr.King倡导非暴力运动，这一信息可以从“His philosophy remained peaceful，...their fight would be victorious if they did not resort to bloodshed”。
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language
& Using Language
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．transformed 2.Discrimination 3.philosophy
4．brief 5.brotherhood 6.creeds 7.dominate
8．quotation 9.committed
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．in harmony with 2.rose up 3.adapting to 4.at the end of 5.live out 6.joined hands 7.in brief 8.speed up 9.transform；into
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．【解析】选B。先行词the year在定语从句中作时间状语，故定语从句的引导词可用in which或when。
2．【解析】选C。where指地点，引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语，在该句中相当于in which。
3．【解析】选C。live out one’s dream实现某人的梦想。live for为……而活；live on靠……生活；live through经历过。
4．【解析】选B。that引导同位语从句，是对dream的内容进行说明。
5．【解析】选B。pay attention to“注意”，而draw/catch/attract one’s attention to引起某人的注意。
6．【解析】选A。stand up for支持。句意：难道没有人支持詹姆斯，说这不是他的错吗？
7．【解析】选D。convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事，transform sth.into sth.把某物变成某物。
8．【解析】选C。be to do sth.表示“注定”，句意为：早在他拍第二部电影时，卓别林就形成了自己的表演风格，那个注定会成为世界著名的风格。
9．【解析】选D。句意为“这位年轻的研究员嘲笑他同时代的一些同事，因为他们信守一些过时的观点”。modern现代的；present－day现代的，当代的；up－to－date最新的。句子表达的是“同时代的”。
10．【解析】选C。句意为“你最迟要在星期五把报告交给我”。at the latest(＝no later than)最迟，是一习语。
Ⅳ.完形填空
1．【解析】选A。reach high school age到上高中的年龄，get to或at the age才正确。
2．【解析】选C。offer sth.for sb.为某人提供某物。
3．【解析】选C。有一个如此好的母亲，当然是件幸运的事。
4．【解析】选A。对母亲说过多次的话当然是记得。
5．【解析】选A。 由后面的want to be可知，意为：如果你努力了，你想是什么就是什么。
6．【解析】选C。句意：如果去做，do此处意义比其余三项要广泛，指一切努力。
7．【解析】选A。including包括，母亲告诉儿子，谁也不依靠，包括母亲。
8．【解析】选A。部分否定，并非所有努力的人都能成功。由work可知用一般现在时。
9．【解析】选B。do＋动词原形，表示强调，“真正成功的”。
10．【解析】选B。third grade education三年的教育。由grade可知为教育。
11．【解析】选A。由下文失败多次仍然坚持，那就是坚信自己，故用believing。
12．【解析】选C。mean“意味着”。
13．【解析】选A。the promising land“有希望的地方，乐土，乐园”。
14．【解析】选D。look for“寻找”。此处指黑人们在寻找自己的乐园。
15．【解析】选D。power力量。他了解到报纸编辑所说的话是非常有影响力的。
16．【解析】选B。publish a magazine出版一份杂志。
17．【解析】选D。母亲鼓励，当然其他人在阻止他，discourage“使泄气”。
18．【解析】选A。此处是母亲鼓励他去试一下；“努力就会成功。”try努力，尝试。
19．【解析】选B。开创一份事业，困难和失败是理所当然的，natural“自然的”。
20．【解析】选A。“until”直到……为止。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了作者对纽约的出租车司机对乘客的个人麻烦所持的态度的调查——作者谎称自己有各种麻烦，然后观察出租车司机的反应。
1．【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，当作者说自己杀了人时，没有人表示出惊讶或其他类似惊讶的反应，只有一个司机答话了，而他也只是问具体地点，因此D项正确，即他对此很冷漠。
2．【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段可知，当作者告诉司机自己失业，因此感到对生活失去了希望时，他们极力地劝说他不要失去信心。而当作者提出要到华盛顿大桥中央的时候，一位司机拒绝载他，当然是害怕他会自杀。即C项合理。
3．【解析】选B。由第三段第一句话以及该段提到的两位司机说的话可知，纽约的司机对失业的人是有同情心的。
4．【解析】选C。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍出租车司机对乘客的个人麻烦所持的态度。Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．____________ (v. & adj.)分开；分离；分割；单独的；独立的；分开的→____________(adv.)→____________(n.)分离；分开→separatist (n.)分离主义者；独立主义者
2．__________________ (v.)想要；希望 (n.)意愿；心愿→
________________ (adv.)愿意的；乐意的→willingly (adv.)→____________(adv.)不愿意地；勉强地
3．punctual adj.守时的；准时的→________________ (n.)→____________(adv.)
4．coincidence (n.)巧合(的事)→____________(n.)同时发生→____________(adj.)在同一地方发生的；同时发生的
5．abuse (n. & v．)滥用；虐待；辱骂→____________(adj.)辱骂的；毁谤的；虐待的
6．pavement (n.)人行道→____________(n.)(同义词)
7．____________(n.)祈祷→____________(n.)祈祷
8．constitution (n.)宪法→____________(adj.)→____________(n.)立宪主义→____________(n.)符合宪法
9．happy adj.高兴的；快乐的→____________(n.)幸福；快乐→____________(adv.)→____________(adj.)(反义词)
10．公民的，国民的；文明的____________(adj.)→____________(n.)→____________(n.)
答案：1.separate；separately；separation 2.will；willing；unwillingly 3.punctuality；punctually 4.coincide；coincident
5．abusive 6.sidewalk 7.pray；prayer 8.constitutional；constitutionalism；constitutionality 9.happiness；happily；unhappy 10.civil；civilization；civilize
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．seize ________ 抓住；利用
2．________ to church 去做礼拜
3．fight ________ 同……作斗争
4．________ the basis of 以……为根据
5．________tradition 按照惯例/规矩/传统
6．be ________to do sth. 不愿意做某事
7．decide ________ a collision course 决定对……进行一次冲突
8．be accustomed to ________sth. 习惯于做某事
9．________ the law 触犯法律
10．________ coincidence 偶然地；巧合的是
11．be punctual ________ 准时……
12．________ all 毕竟；终究
答案：1.on 2.go 3.against 4.on 5.by 6.unwilling 7.on 8.doing 9.break 10.by 11.for 12.after
Ⅲ.必背句型
1．________ an answer to a prayer!
答案：It seemed like
2．Serena came home to say ________ the news ________ the boycott was over was going to be all over the newspapers tomorrow.
答案：that；thatⅠ.词汇知识
1．引语；引文____________(n.)→____________ (v.)→____________ (adj.)可引用的
2．隐喻；暗喻____________(n.)→____________(adj.)→____________ (adv.)
3．支配；占优势____________ (v.)→____________(n.)→____________(adj.)
4．和睦，融洽____________(n.)→____________(adj.)→____________(adv.)
5．简短的；短暂的____________(adj.)→____________(adv.)→____________(n.)摘要
6．区别；歧视____________ (v.)→____________(n.)→____________ (adj.)歧视的；有区别的
7．哲学；人生观____________(n.)→____________(adj.)→____________(n.)哲学家
8．犯罪；做(不合法的或错的事)____________ (v.)→____________(n.)→____________(adj.)尽心尽力的；坚信的
答案：1.quotation；quote；quotable 2.metaphor；metaphorical；metaphorically3.dominate；domination；dominant 4.harmony；harmonious；harmoniously
5．brief；briefly；brief
6．discriminate；discrimination；discriminatory
7．philosophy；philosophical；philosopher
8．commit；commitment；committed
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．speed ________ 加速，加快
2．hope ________ 希望，期盼
3．________ hands 携起手来
4．rise ________ 起来；起义，反叛
5．be adapted ________ 摘自
6．________ the end of 在……的尽头
7．live ________ 实践；活过
8．be transformed ________ 被变成
9．be concerned ________ 与……有关；涉及
10．deal ________ 处理；对付；涉及；关于
11．be accused ________ 被指控
12．be judged ________ 由/根据……判断
答案：1.up 2.for 3.join 4.up 5.from 6.at 7.out 8.into 9.with 10.with 11.of 12.by
Ⅲ.必背句型
1．Here you can take my copy ________ I’ve finished with it.
答案：now that
2．He had none today，____________have any the next day.
答案：nor would he
3．This will be the day，this will be the day ________ all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning “My country，sweet land of liberty—to you I sing.Land ______my father died，from every mountain，let freedom ring！”
答案：when；where
