Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
动词 ing形式作定语和表语
v． ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类。动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。
一、v. ing作定语
1．动名词作定语
动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途，且只能作前置定语。如：
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
在阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
The father is busy in making a walking stick for his son whose leg is broken.
那位父亲正在为腿骨折的儿子做拐杖。
2．现在分词作定语
现在分词可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，表示正在进行的动作或某种状态。单个现在分词作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之后。如：
He saw a flying bird.
他看到一只飞鸟。
The glow of the setting sun is splendid；it is a pity that dusk is fast approaching.
夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师讲话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
注意：在下列情况中不能用动词的 ing形式作定语，必须使用定语从句：
(1)作定语的v. ing形式表示的动作与主句谓语的动作不是同时发生，要使用定语从句。例如：
The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.(×)
The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.(√)
昨天来的教授将给我们讲课。
(2)动词的 ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。例如：
The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(×)
The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(√)
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
二、v. ing作表语
1．动名词作表语
作表语的动名词所体现的是名词的特性，用于对主语的内容进行解释说明，且主语和表语可以换位。如：
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.
我厌烦独自在这里等。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
2．现在分词作表语
作表语的现在分词是形容词性的，表示主语的性质或特征，主语和表语不可换位。如：
The result of the accident is shocking.
这一事故的后果令人震惊。
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Entering the room，I found Mary sitting (sit) at the desk and playing computer games.
2．Women looking (look) after small children in this city usually get paid monthly.
3．The result of the game was disappointing (disappoint)．
4．I felt someone patting (pat) me on the shoulder.
5．I heard Mr White singing (sing) in the next door when I passed by.
6．The children practising (practise) playing the violin over there will give a performance next week.
7．Having_finished (finish) her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.
8．China is a developing (develop) country while America is a developed (develop) country.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The building being_built is our teaching building.(build)
正在建造的那座大楼是我们的教学楼。
2．I don't think her joke is amusing at all.(amuse)
我认为她的玩笑一点也不好笑。
3．They lived in a house facing_the_sea.(face)
他们住在一个面向大海的房子里。
4．In_the_following_years she worked even harder.(follow)
在接下来的几年中，她学习更努力了。
5．What he likes most is playing_jokes_on_others.(play jokes on)
他最喜欢的是取笑别人。
6．Who is the boy standing_there？(stand)
站在那儿的男孩是谁？
7．He was an inspiring_leader.(inspire)
他是一个鼓舞人心的领导。
8．His brother，working_as_a_teacher，lives in Beijing.(work as)
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
Section Ⅳ 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜
offer/send one's congratulations to sb.(on sth.)(为某事)向某人表示祝贺
express/accept one's congratulations表示/接受某人的祝贺
congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪
congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself on sth.为某事庆贺/感到高兴
2．range n．一系列；范围，界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
3．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰
religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的
4．figure n．人物；数字；身材；人影；身影 vt.认为；认定
keep one's figure保持体形
figure out理解；解决
5．gather vi.聚集；集合 vt.聚集；搜集；收割
gather (a)round 聚拢
gather together 聚在一起
gather sth. up/together 收拢分散的东西
6．grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的
be grateful to sb. 感激某人
be grateful for sth. 感激某事
7．decorate vt.装饰；装潢
decoration n．装饰；装潢
8．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的
significantly adv.有重大意义地；明显地；显著地；意味深长地
significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
9．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的
typically adv.典型地；一般地
10．reflect vt.显示；反映；反射；思考
reflect on/upon考虑，思考；给……带来(坏)影响
reflect sb./sth.in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth. from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像；倒影；沉思
be lost in reflection陷入沉思中
on reflection经过慎重的思考
without reflection未经考虑
reflective adj.反射的；沉思的
reflector n．反射器，反射镜
11．belief n．信仰；信心；信任
have belief in sth./sb.对某事物/人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心
beyond belief 令人难以置信
popular belief 普遍的看法
religious/political beliefs 宗教/政治信仰
It is sb.'s belief that...某人相信/认为……
12．faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信
keep faith with 对……守信用
faithless adj.不忠诚的，不可信赖的
faithful adj.忠实的，忠诚的
faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地
be faithful to sb./sth.忠于某人/某事
13．occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会
on occasion有时；偶尔
on this/that occasion这/那次；在这/那种场合下
on the occasion of sth.在(重要事件)之际
occasional adj.偶然的
occasionally adv.偶尔
14．represent vt.象征；代表；相当于；正式提出(意见等)
represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be自称是……；声称……
represent sth. to sb.向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事
representative n．代表adj.典型的，有代表性的
15．fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是 n．想象力；幻想；爱好
have a fancy for 爱好
catch/take one's fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人
take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物
fancy＋
16．absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
absolute adj.完全的，绝对的；无疑的；明确的
17．branch树枝；分支；支流
18．respect n．&vt.尊敬；尊重
have/show respect for sb.对某人表示尊敬
in respect of/with respect to关于；就……而言
out of respect for出于对……的尊敬；顾及
give/send one's respects to代某人向……问候/致意
respect sb./sth. for sth.因某事尊敬或敬重某人/某物
respectable adj.体面的；令人尊敬的
respectful adj.尊重的；恭敬的
be respectful to sb.尊敬某人
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．dress (sb.) up 穿上盛装；装扮
dress (sb.) up as...(把某人)打扮/装扮成
dress sth. up 修饰某物
dress sb. in sth. 给某人穿上……
be dressed in 穿……的衣服
get dressed穿衣服
2．after all毕竟；别忘了
at all根本；完全
not at all一点也不
in all总共，共计
above all首先，最重要的是(强调诸多事物中最重要的)
first of all首先(强调次序)
all in all总的来说
3．fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱
fade out(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
fade in淡入；渐渐显示出；使渐强(指电影、电视中的画面与声音)
fade up渐强(指电视、广播中的声音)
die away指(声音、风、光线等)逐渐消逝
die down指逐渐减弱，逐渐熄灭
4．in spite of不管； 尽管
despite＝in spite of尽管
despite the fact that不管……
without regard to不考虑；不顾及
regardless不管；不顾
regardless of不顾，不惜
5．have sth. in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征
have a lot/much/a great deal in common with与……有很多共同之处
have nothing/little in common with 与……没有/很少有共同之处
in common共有；共同
in common with与……一样
common sense常识
6．be different from与……不同
differ vi.不同，有区别
differ from＝be different from与……不同
differ in＝be different in在……方面不同
difference n．不同；区别
make a difference有影响，使不相同
make some/no/little difference (to...)(对……)有些/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
tell the difference between...and...区分……与……的差别
7．set off出发；动身；启程；使爆炸；触发；引起
set out to do sth.开始做某事
set about (doing) sth.着手(做)某事
set aside留出；对……置之不理
set down写下；记下
set up建立；创立；安排
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals.
然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在这个世界上，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神是所有节日共有的。
这是一个主从复合句。no matter how different they may seem是让步状语从句；the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals是主句，是主系表结构。
2．Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易为他们心爱的人花更多的钱买礼物。
这是一个简单句。主语是Online shopping websites and social media apps，谓语是have made，it是形式宾语，easier是宾语补足语，to spend more on gifts for their loved ones是真正的宾语。
3．They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.
它们是让我们放松，享受生活，暂时忘记工作的机会。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是They are occasions，使用了主系表结构，后面是that引导的定语从句。
4．And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是you may be surprised to find，前面是if引导的条件状语从句，后面是that引导的宾语从句。句中不定式短语to find...作原因状语。
5．After singing some songs，the competitors danced onto the green field，waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.
唱完歌曲后，选手们在绿色的场地上跳舞，在空中挥舞着胳膊，就像是老鹰一样。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是the competitors danced onto the green field，waving their arms in the air是现在分词短语作伴随状语，as if they were eagles是方式状语从句。
6．I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
我听说这是因为孩子们更轻，马跑得更快更远。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是I heard，后面是省略了that的宾语从句，在宾语从句中又包含了because引导的表语从句。
7．They've been riding horses all their lives.
他们一生都在骑马。
这是一个简单句。主语是They，谓语是have been riding，宾语是horses。
写作技巧点拨
——写作要求——
假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华。下面四幅图表述了近期发生在你们班的一个真实故事，请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。词数不少于80。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
——思路分析——
题目要求学生看图写故事，这属于叙事类记叙文的范畴。我们可以用第一人称和第三人称来写，时态用过去时。首先我们对每幅图画进行分析，通过适当的想象，将故事情节具体化，从而使故事真实，可信：
【第一幅图】
要点：老师跌倒→细节：上课时(“具体化”：上周五、上英语课时)→学生的态度：同学们很担心。
【第二幅图】
要点：立刻背老师上医务室→细节：一个背，两个帮(“具体化”：我、Tom和Mary；诊断结果：腿受伤)→学生的态度：大家在教室里很担心。
【第三幅图】
要点：(放学后)大家去看老师→细节：聊天(“具体化”：聊伤情，伤势不重)→学生的愿望：希望她很快痊愈。
【第四幅图】
要点：(三天后)老师回来上课→细节：坐在轮椅上；学生鼓掌→情感：高兴、感动、骄傲。
有了清晰的思路，下笔行文就水到渠成了，我们可以用上很多较为高级、复杂的句式。如：
1．上课时老师突然跌倒了：The class was going on when our teacher suddenly slipped and fell off the stage./We were having our English class when our teacher suddenly slipped and fell off the stage.
2．送老师去医务室：I, together with Tom and Mary, sent her to the clinic./I, with the help of Tom and Mary, carried her on my back to the clinic.
3．希望老师很快痊愈：We hoped she would recover soon./Hopefully she would recover soon.
4．老师回来：We were surprised to see that she was back on a wheelchair./She was back on a wheelchair, which surprised us.
——佳作展示——
Last Friday, we were having our English class when our teacher suddenly slipped and fell off the stage, which made all the students feel worried.
With no hesitation, I, with the help of Tom and Mary, carried her on my back to the clinic. All the other classmates waited anxiously in the classroom. It turned out that her leg was broken and she had to stay in the clinic.
After school, we all went to see her, and she told us it was not serious. We hoped she would recover soon!
Three days later, we were surprised to see that she was back on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were joyful and deeply moved, clapping and cheering for a long time. We were all proud of having such a responsible teacher.
——技巧点拨——
叙事类记叙文的写作
叙事类记叙文以叙述事件为主，突出事件的发生、发展和结果。在写这类记叙文时要注意其常用的篇章结构和写作技巧。
【篇章结构】
1．开篇：文章开篇交代事件的背景——时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件的起因(why)、经过(how)和结果(what)。
2．主体：重在叙述事件的发生、发展以及结果，可分若干段落来写。
3．结尾：呼应标题，发表感想、愿望等。
【写作技巧】
1．标题：明确、鲜明，指明事件或主题。
2．线索：清晰。可以以时间变化、地点转换和事件发展为线索。
3．写作顺序：通常采用顺叙的方式，也可根据实际需要采用倒叙、插叙等方式。
4．写作手法：以叙述和描写为主，叙述交代事件发展，描写刻画人物形象。
5．过渡：描述时间变化、地点转换、事件发展时要用适当的过渡词，使结构紧凑。
6．人称：第一人称(给人以亲切感、真实感)；第三人称(显得比较客观)。
7．时态：一般过去时为主，可根据需要适当使用其他时态。Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．atmosphere n．气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层)
2．lunar adj.阴历的；月球的；月亮的
3．eve n．前夕；前一天
4．envelope n．信封；塑料封套
5．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的
6．roast adj.烤的；焙的 vi.&vt.烘烤；焙
7．pleased adj.高兴的；满意的
8．frank adj.坦率的；直率的
9．inner adj.内部的；里面的；内心的
10．autonomous adj.自治的；有自治权的
11．region n．地区；区域；地带
12．represent vt.象征；代表；相当于→representative n．代表
13．wrestle vi.&vt.摔跤；奋力对付→wrestling n．摔跤运动→wrestler n．摔跤运动员
14．fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是
15．robe n．袍服；礼袍
16．eagle n．雕
17．grace n．优美；优雅；高雅→graceful adj.优雅的；优美的
18．absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地→adj.absolute完全的； 绝对的
19．moment n．片刻；瞬间
20．tent n．帐篷
21．pot n．罐；壶；锅
22．brief adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的→briefly adv.简短地
23．branch n．树枝；分支；支流
24．wedding n．婚礼；结婚庆典
25．clap vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌 n．鼓掌；拍手；掌声
26．respect n．&vt.尊敬；尊重→respectful adj.有礼貌的；恭敬的→respectable adj.体面的；令人尊敬的→respective adj.分别的；各自的
27．horrible adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→horror n．恐怖
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．to be frank坦白说；坦率地说
2．go off爆炸；走火；离开
3．except for除……之外
4．set off出发；动身；启程
5．frighten away把……吓跑
6．look forward to盼望；期望
7．on the first day第一天
8．be different from与……不同
9．by weight按重量
10．as if好像
11．be worried about对……担心
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．After singing some songs，the competitors danced onto the green field，waving their arms in the air as _if they were eagles.
唱完歌曲后，选手们在绿色的场地上跳舞，在空中挥舞着胳膊，就像是老鹰一样。
2．I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
我听说这是因为孩子们更轻，马跑得更快更远。
3．They've been riding horses all their lives.
他们一生都在骑马。
[典型例句]
The red lines on the map represent railway lines.
地图上的红线表示铁路线。
You must represent your complaints to Head Office.
你必须向总部表示出你的抱怨。
She represents herself as the kindest mother in the world.
她自称是世界上最好的母亲。
[思维拓展]
represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be自称是……；声称……
represent sth. to sb.向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事
representative n．代表adj.典型的，有代表性的
[即学即练]
He represented himself as a specialist.
fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是 n.想象力；幻想；爱好
[典型例句]
People in western countries sometimes go to the party in fancy dress.
在西方国家人们有时穿花哨的衣服去参加舞会。
She didn't fancy the idea of going home in the dark.
她不喜欢黑夜回家这个主意。
[思维拓展]
have a fancy for 爱好
catch/take one's fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人
take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物
fancy＋
Sorry, but I don't fancy going out tonight.
对不起，今晚我不想出去。
She fancied (that) she could hear footsteps.
她觉得好像听到了脚步声。
I can't fancy him/his telling a lie.
我无法想象他会撒谎。
He fancies himself (as) an artist.
他自以为是艺术家。
注意：fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇、不相信、震惊等，后加名词、代词、动名词等作宾语。
Fancy meeting you here!
想不到在这儿遇见你！
[即学即练]
(1)She fancied herself a famous actress.
她自以为是个有名的演员。
(2)She fancied that she was being followed.
她觉得自己被跟踪了。
3
[典型例句]
You are absolutely right.
你是完全正确的。
[思维拓展]
absolute adj.完全的；绝对的；无疑的；明确的
I need absolute silence when I'm working.
我工作时需要绝对的安静。
There was no absolute proof of his guilt.
没有确凿的证据证明他有罪。
[即学即练]
—I have absolute (absolutely) trust in this idea.
—But it remains to be seen whether it will take effect.
4
[典型例句]
The big fallen branch cut off the traffic of the road.
掉下来的大树枝阻断了路上的交通。
The river has three main branches.
这条河有三条主要的支流。
Our New York branch is dealing with the matter.
我们的纽约分部正在处理这件事。
[图解助记]
[即学即练]
Our company has several branches (branch) all over the country.
5
[典型例句]
I respect him for his honesty.
我敬佩他的诚实。
I have the greatest respect for Jane's work.
我非常钦佩简的工作能力。
Please give/send/offer him my respects.
请代我向他表示敬意。
[思维拓展]
have/show respect for sb.对某人表示尊敬
in respect of/with respect to关于；就……而言
out of respect for出于对……的尊敬；顾及
give/send one's respects to代某人向……问候/致意
respect sb./sth. for sth.因某事尊敬或敬重某人/某物
respectable adj.体面的；令人尊敬的
respectful adj.尊重的；恭敬的
be respectful to sb.尊敬某人
[即学即练]
In school, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates.
→In school, I showed/had_respect_for teachers and was friendly with classmates. (respect n．)
→In school, I was_respectful_to teachers and was friendly with classmates. (respectful)
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．He represented (represent) our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.
2．Do you fancy going (go) out this evening
3．—Do you think there is possibility that they will get married
—Absolutely (absolute) not. They don't have any common tastes.
4．The bare branches (branch) of the trees were shining with Christmas lights against the new fallen snow.
5．Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self respect and respect for other people.
6．He is_respected (respect) by his students for his devotion (忠诚) to the cause of education.
1
[典型例句]
He finds his daughter is quite different from what she was five years ago.
他发现他女儿跟5年前大不一样了。
Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from what their parents speak at home.
一些孩子想学习一门不同于家中父母所讲的语言来挑战自我。
[思维拓展]
differ vi.不同，有区别
differ from＝be different from与……不同
differ in＝be different in在……方面不同
difference n．不同；区别
make a difference有影响，使不相同
make some/no/little difference (to...)(对……)有些/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
tell the difference between...and...区分……与……的差别
[即学即练]
People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in character.
2
[典型例句]
I'll set off early to avoid the traffic.
我要早些出发以避开交通拥堵。
A group of boys were setting off fireworks in the street.
一帮男孩正在街上放烟火。
Smoke from a cigarette will not normally set off a smoke alarm.
香烟的烟雾一般不会触发烟雾报警器。
News that the claims might be true set off widespread panic.
这种说法可能属实的消息引起了普遍的恐慌。
[思维拓展]
set out to do sth.开始做某事
set about (doing) sth.着手(做)某事
set aside留出；对……置之不理
set down写下；记下
set up建立；创立；安排
[即学即练]
写出下列句中set off的含义
(1)Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for home.出发；动身
(2)If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.触发
(3)Hong Kong's stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis.引起
(4)On New Year's Eve, we set off many fireworks, which made the children excited.使……爆炸
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.
2．As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “...I'll just throw these flowers and chocolates away...”
3．As soon as she got home, my mother set about preparing lunch.
After singing some songs，the competitors danced onto the green field，waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.
唱完歌曲后，选手们在绿色的场地上跳舞，在空中挥舞着胳膊，就像是老鹰一样。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是the competitors danced onto the green field，waving their arms in the air是现在分词短语作伴随状语，as if they were eagles是方式状语从句。
(2)as if 意为“好像，仿佛”，相当于as though，在此引导方式状语从句。as though/as if 后面可接从句(状语从句或表语从句)、形容词、介宾短语、现在分词、动词不定式等。as if/as though 引导的从句常有两种情况：
①若as if/as though 引导的从句表示的是事实或很可能出现的情况，从句一般用陈述语气。
It looks as if/as though our side is going to win.
看来我方要赢了。
The milk smells as if it is sour.
牛奶闻起来好像酸了。
②若as if/as though 引导的从句表示的是非真实情况或出现的可能性不大的情况，从句通常用虚拟语气。不同虚拟情况下从句谓语动词的形式为：
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他谈起来好像完全知道这件事似的。
He acted as if he had lost the job yesterday.
昨天他表现得好像丢了工作一样。
[即学即练]
The teacher treats his students as if they were (be) his children.
I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
我听说这是因为孩子们更轻，马跑得更快更远。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是I heard，后面是省略了that的宾语从句，在宾语从句中又包含了because引导的表语从句。
(2)This/That/It is because...表示“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句，从句表示原因，this/that/it表示结果。如：
He wouldn't like to go out; this is because he doesn't feel well.
他不想出去，这是因为他觉得不舒服。
[易混辨析]
because, why, that引导表语从句
连接词 常用句型 例句
because This/That/It is because...这/那是因为…… This is because I'm very busy.这是因为我很忙。
why This/That/It is why...这/那就是为什么…… This is why I'm very busy.这就是为什么我很忙。
that The/A/One reason (for/for which/why...) is that...(……的)原因/一个原因是…… The reason why I'm busy is that time is limited.我忙是因为时间有限。
[即学即练]
One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是They，谓语是have been riding，宾语是horses。
(2)have been riding是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。如：
We have been working on this project for over a month now.
到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。
[思维拓展]
现在完成进行时和现在完成时
(1)现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：
They have built a house.(完成)
They have been building a house.(尚未完成)
(2)现在完成进行时是由“have/has been＋doing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。如：
Have you been meeting him recently
你最近常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently
你最近见到过他吗？
(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。如：
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
I have waited for you for two hours.
我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
(4)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。如：
Who has been eating these oranges
谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)
Who has eaten these oranges
谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)
(5)如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。如：
—Why are you looking a bit tired
——为什么你看起来有点儿累？
—I have been cleaning the house.
——我一直在打扫房子。
[即学即练]
I have_been_teaching (teach) English for more than twenty years.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．The boy was lying on the bed as if he was sleeping.
2．He was late for school.That was because he got up late.
3．Both of them have_been_living (live) happily since then.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere (气氛) or soften statements.
2．On January 10th every lunar (阴历的) year, the villagers hold traditional dancing activities to celebrate the New Year.
3．To be frank (坦率地说) with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.
4．He had reason to be pleased (高兴的) with himself, since he was one of only seven out of forty candidates who were successful.
5．If you turn the envelope (信封) upside down, the key will fall out.
6．Many young people, most of whom were well educated, headed for remote regions (地区) to chase their dreams.
7．Look! Our teacher is wearing a very fancy (精致的) pair of shoes!
8．They waited for a long time until the eagle (雕) flied back.
9．Cycling is an absolutely (绝对地) energy saving means of transportation.
10．We respect (尊重) Tu Youyou for her winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The competition attracted 400 students representing (represent) 35 different countries and it proved to be a great success.
2．Absolutely (absolute), what she's just said is the very idea that I want to express.
3．Her business was so successful that Maric was able to set up new branches (branch) elsewhere.
4．Bill Gates has donated (捐赠) a large sum of money to society. And he is highly respected (respect) for his donation.
5．Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
6．On arriving in the tsunami stricken island, they set out to rescue the people there.
7．In order to save the animals out of danger, they set aside a special place for them to live freely.
8．We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain.
9．She treats him as if he were (be) a stranger.
10．As a senior high school student，I have_been_learning (learn) English for ten years.UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
The enthusiastic Brazilian Carnival
The annual Carnival in Brazil is a unique festival. It is also the most important ethnic celebration. It comes between the end of February and the beginning of March every year. Hundreds of thousands of tourists from overseas were attracted to join the feast of rejoicing.
The main “course” of the carnival is the Samba. Months before the Carnival, some professional Samba schools will set out to compose music, rehearse dances and design costumes according to the current theme of the Carnival.
The Carnival is highlighted with the Samba competitions, where every Samba school would send thousands of dancers to participate. Every school has 90 minutes to demonstrate their performance and have them graded by experts. The winner is given one million US dollars. Generally the tickets for the Samba competition would be sold out a month in advance.
Seven hundred thousand tourists swarmed the coastal city of Rio de Janeiro for Carnival. Whoever they are—poor or rich, celebrated or ordinary people—they are all just dancers, day and night.
开启快乐学习之旅
激情四射的巴西狂欢节
在巴西，一年一度的狂欢节是一个独特的节日，也是最重要的民族庆典，于每年2月底至3月初举行，吸引着海外无数游客前往尽享乐宴。
狂欢节的“主菜”是桑巴舞表演。狂欢节开始前的几个月，一些专业的桑巴舞学校便会根据当年的狂欢节主题着手制作音乐、编排舞蹈并设计服饰。
桑巴舞大赛是狂欢节的高潮，每所桑巴舞学校都会出动数千名舞者参赛，各校有90分钟的时间进行表演，由专家评定成绩，获胜者可以得到100万美元。通常，桑巴舞比赛的入场券会在一个月前就售光。
70万游客奔着狂欢节涌入里约热内卢这个海滨城市。他们不分贫富贵贱，都只是舞者，日夜尽情跳舞。
模块核心素养导航
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．lantern n．灯笼；提灯
2．costume n．(某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装
3．march vi.&n.行进；前进；示威游行
4．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜
5．riddle n．谜语；神秘事件
6．ceremony n．典礼；仪式
7．range n．一系列；范围，界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
8．origin n．起源；起因；出身→originate vi.起源→original adj.原来的；最初的 n．原件； 正本； 原稿→originally adv.原来；起初
9．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的
10．figure n．人物；数字；身材 vt.认为；认定
11．charm n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语→charming adj.令人着迷的； 迷人的； 吸引人的
12．joy n．高兴；喜悦→joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的
13．gratitude n．感激之情；感谢→grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的
14．harvest n．收获季节；收获；收成 vi.&vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼)
15．agriculture n．农业；农艺→agricultural adj.农业的
16．crop n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成
17．gather vi.聚集；集合 vt.聚集；搜集；收割→gatherer n．采集者→gathering n．聚集； 聚会
18．feature vt.以 ……为特色 n．特色；特征；特点
19．decorate vt.装饰；装潢→decoration n．装饰物→decorative adj.装饰的
20．church n．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂
21．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→significance n．意义；含义；重要性
22．fade vi.&vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱
23．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→typically adv.典型地，有代表性地；向来，一向→type n．类型；种类
24．evil adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的 n．邪恶；罪恶；恶行
25．commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的→commercialis(z)e vt.使商业化；利用……牟利 →commercialis(z) ation n．商业化
26．medium n．(pl, media)媒介；手段；方法 adj.中等的；中号的
27．reflect vt.显示；反映；反射→reflection n．映像；思考；反映
28．belief n．信仰；信心；信任→disbelief n．不信；怀疑；疑惑→believe vt.& vi.相信
29．faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信→faithful adj.忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地
30．occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．dress (sb.) up穿上盛装；装扮
2．after all毕竟；别忘了
3．range from...to...从……到……之间变化
4．fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱
5．in spite of不管； 尽管
6．take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜
7．the media大众传播媒介
8．have sth. in common (兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征
9．take place举行；发生
10．decorate...with...用……装饰
11．play a role in在……中起作用
12．with the development of随着……的发展
13．drive away驱赶；驱车离开
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．However，no _matter _how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals.
然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在这个世界上，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神是所有节日共有的。
2．Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易为他们心爱的人花更多的钱买礼物。
3．They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.
它们是让我们放松，享受生活，暂时忘记工作的机会。
4．And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。
1 congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜
[典型例句]
Give Oscar my congratulations.
请向奥斯卡转达我的祝贺。
Edward offered his congratulations to my family.
爱德华向我全家表示祝贺。
[思维拓展]
offer/send one's congratulations to sb.(on sth.)(为某事)向某人表示祝贺
express/accept one's congratulations表示/接受某人的祝贺
congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪
congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself on sth.为某事庆贺/感到高兴
[易混辨析]
congratulate, celebrate
congratulate 庆祝，祝贺。指对某人取得的成就或喜庆之事表示祝贺，其宾语是人，表示就某事祝贺某人时，常与介词on搭配
celebrate 庆祝，庆贺。通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面，宾语为事件
注意：(1)congratulation用于成功、毕业、结婚等个人庆祝活动，不用于节日致辞等。(2)表示具体的祝贺或贺词时常用复数形式，但表示抽象意义的祝贺时，一般用单数形式。
They received many letters of congratulation.
他们收到很多祝贺信。
[即学即练]
一句多译
我们祝贺你通过了高考。
(1)Congratulations to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulation)
(2)We offer/send our congratulations to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulation)
(3)We congratulate you on/upon your passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulate)
[典型例句]
I have a wide range of interests.
我有广泛的爱好。
The animal is still beyond range of my gun.
那只动物还在我的枪的射程之外。
He has a number of interests，ranging from playing chess to swimming.
他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。
[思维拓展]
[即学即练]
(1)The child was now out of her range of vision.
这孩子现在走出了她的视线。
(2)There is a full range of activities for children.
有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(3)She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
3
[典型例句]
Islam and Buddhism are two of the great religions of the world.
伊斯兰教和佛教是世界上的两大宗教。
We shall not give up the freedom of religion.
我们绝不放弃宗教信仰自由。
[思维拓展]
religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的
These two countries had three religious wars in twenty years.
这两个国家在20年里发生过三次宗教上的冲突。
[即学即练]
We should respect the religious (religion) activities of the local people.
[典型例句]
Temperatures reached double figures for the first time this spring，going as high as 14 degrees.
今年春天的温度第一次达到了两位数，高达14度。
I saw the figure of a woman below the bridge.
我看见桥下有一个妇女的身影。
Most women have to watch their figures.
大多数妇女不得不注意体形。
[思维拓展]
keep one's figure保持体形
figure out理解；解决
If I have a map，I can figure it out.
如果我有一张地图，我就能解决它。
[图解助记]
[即学即练]
写出下列句中figure的含义
(1)He was one of the great figures in our country.人物
(2)Lisa was very frightened as she saw a figure in the darkness.人影
(3)It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.数字
(4)I figure that he was drunk and shouldn't be allowed to drive.认为
5
[典型例句]
Thousands of people gathered outside the embassy.
大使馆外面聚集了成千上万的人。
We are all expecting the family gather.
我们都很期待这次家庭聚会。
[思维拓展]
gather (a)round 聚拢
gather together 聚在一起
gather sth. up/together 收拢分散的东西
[即学即练]
His failure at the first attempt didn't disappoint him. Instead, he gathered (gather) his courage and tried a second time.
6
[典型例句]
He was extremely grateful to Glodstone for his support.
他非常感谢格拉德斯通的支持。
[思维拓展]
be grateful to sb. 感激某人
be grateful for sth. 感激某事
I would be very grateful if you could lend me a hand.
如果你能帮我的忙，我将非常感激。
[即学即练]
Don't take it for granted that your brother should help you out of trouble. You should be grateful to him.
7
[典型例句]
We decorated the Christmas tree with lights.
我们用灯来装饰圣诞树。
I'm going to decorate the bathroom next.
接下来我要装修浴室。
注意：decorate 不接双宾语，而采用decorate sth. with sth. 结构。
The wall was decorated with some pictures.
墙上装饰着几幅画。
[思维拓展]
decoration n．装饰；装潢
[即学即练]
On their wedding day, their new flat was decorated (decorate) with fresh flowers and balloons.
8
[典型例句]
Your success today may be significant for your whole future.
你今天的成功对你的整个未来可能是重要的。
He gave her a significant look.
他意味深长地看了她一眼。
[思维拓展]
significantly adv.有重大意义地；明显地；显著地；意味深长地
The country's economic strength has increased significantly.
这个国家的经济实力已经明显增强。
Shandong's level of utilizing foreign capital has risen significantly.
山东利用外资的水平已经显著提高。
significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
I think I have come to understand the significance of your work.
我想我已渐渐了解了你的工作的意义。
He understand the significance of my gesture.
他明白了我打手势的意思。
The measures that our government has taken to control the rising house price are of great significance in many aspects in our country.
我们政府调控房价上涨的措施在我国的很多方面都有着重大意义。
[即学即练]
Most students think it important to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the significance (significant) of it.
9
[典型例句]
This is a typical example of Roman pottery.
这是一件典型的罗马陶器。
It was typical of him to be so rude.
他一向都很无礼。
[思维拓展]
typically adv.典型地；一般地
[即学即练]
Samuel can't help having a big nose—It is typical of him to be curious about others' affairs.
10
[典型例句]
I have been reflecting on the matter.
我一直在思考这个问题。
His face was reflected in the mirror.
他的脸映照在镜子里。
[思维拓展]
reflect on/upon考虑，思考；给……带来(坏)影响
reflect sb./sth.in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth. from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像；倒影；沉思
be lost in reflection陷入沉思中
on reflection经过慎重的思考
without reflection未经考虑
reflective adj.反射的；沉思的
reflector n．反射器，反射镜
[图解助记]
[即学即练]
(1)He looked at his face reflected_ in the mirror.
他看着镜子中自己的脸。
(2)The heat reflected from the white sand formed a mirage.
热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。
(3)I need time to reflect on your offer.
我需要时间来考虑你的建议。
11
[典型例句]
There is a general belief that things will soon get better.
大家普遍认为情况很快就会好转。
He has great belief in his doctor.
他对他的医生无比信赖。
She has lost her belief in God.
她已不相信上帝。
[思维拓展]
have belief in sth./sb.对某事物/人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心
beyond belief 令人难以置信
popular belief 普遍的看法
religious/political beliefs 宗教/政治信仰
It is sb.'s belief that...某人相信/认为……
[即学即练]
Dissatisfaction with the government has grown beyond belief.
12
[典型例句]
Having faith in the masses is the requirement by government.
相信群众是对政府的要求。
Under no circumstance shall we lose faith in the future.
在任何情况下，我们都不该对未来失去信心。
Faith can move mountains.
[谚]精诚所至，金石为开。
I have faith in you.
我对你有信心。
[思维拓展]
keep faith with 对……守信用
faithless adj.不忠诚的，不可信赖的
faithful adj.忠实的，忠诚的
faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地
be faithful to sb./sth.忠于某人/某事
[即学即练]
The headmaster has faith in my ability to take care of the children.
[典型例句]
On one occasion，she called me in the middle of the night.
有一次她深更半夜打电话给我。
I meet her on occasion at the club or in the theatre.
我有时在俱乐部或剧院里会遇到她。
[思维拓展]
on occasion有时；偶尔
on this/that occasion这/那次；在这/那种场合下
on the occasion of sth.在(重要事件)之际
occasional adj.偶然的
occasionally adv.偶尔
[即学即练]
I was not at home on that occasion.
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．We offered our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success in business.
2．—What is the cost of your skirts here, sir
—It depends on which fashion you want to buy, and the prices range from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.
3．Christian, Buddhism and Hinduism are the main religions (religion) in the world.
4．I merely did the best I could and tried to figure out how to solve the problems I hadn't learned in school.
5．To keep her (she) figure, she began eating a healthier diet of more fruits and vegetables, and less meat.
6．The clouds are gathering (gather)．It looks as if it is going to rain.
7．We all feel very grateful for what you did for us.
8．The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration (decorate), but the environment is truly charming.
9．The discovery of the new drug is of great significance (significant) to people suffering from heart problems.
10．It is typical of him to take hard jobs.
11．Typically (typical), the yearly average amount of money spent on the children's education is going upwards all the time.
12．In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection (reflect)．
13．Whenever I reflect on/upon those days I spent at home, I can't help feeling happy.
14．The artists had little faith in the political leader who came to power after the war.
1
[典型例句]
It's a small informal party—you don't have to dress up.
这是个非正式的小型聚会——你不用穿得那么正式。
We dressed him up as a gorilla.
我们把他装扮成大猩猩。
She dresses up her house like a palace.
她把自己的家装饰得像宫殿一样。
[思维拓展]
dress (sb.) up as...(把某人)打扮/装扮成
dress sth. up 修饰某物
dress sb. in sth. 给某人穿上……
be dressed in 穿……的衣服
get dressed穿衣服
[即学即练]
At Christmas, he dressed up as Santa Claus and gave out gifts to children.
2
[典型例句]
Don't get discouraged by setbacks; we are new to the work after all.
别因挫折而灰心，毕竟我们不熟悉这项工作。
He did come after all.
他终究还是来了。
[思维拓展]
at all根本；完全
not at all一点也不
in all总共，共计
above all首先，最重要的是(强调诸多事物中最重要的)
first of all首先(强调次序)
all in all总的来说
[即学即练]
(1)He longs above _all to see his family again.
他尤其渴望再见到家人。
(2)First of all,_let them introduce themselves to us.
首先，让他们向我们做自我介绍。
(3)All in all,_he didn't agree with what his son said.
总之，他没同意他儿子所说的话。
(4)He has done it well. After all,_he is only a learner.
这件事他做得很好了，毕竟，他只是个初学者。
3
[典型例句]
Then those memories will not fade away within a short period.
那么这些记忆就不会在短期内消失。
If you don't start eating properly you're going to fade away.
你如果不开始合理进食，身体就会衰弱下去。
[思维拓展]
fade out(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
fade in淡入；渐渐显示出；使渐强(指电影、电视中的画面与声音)
fade up渐强(指电视、广播中的声音)
die away指(声音、风、光线等)逐渐消逝
die down指逐渐减弱，逐渐熄灭
[即学即练]
(1)The sound had died away (或faded out)．
声音已逐渐消失了。
(2)It was dark and the noise died down.
天黑了，喧闹声逐渐消失了。
(3)The shapes faded away into the night.
那些影子消失在夜色中。
4
[典型例句]
He reached his goals in spite of his disability.
尽管他有残疾，他还是实现了他的目标。
In spite of his old age，he still lives an active life.
尽管他年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
They went swimming in spite of all the danger signs.
他们无视那些危险告示牌，还是去游泳了。
[思维拓展]
despite＝in spite of尽管
despite the fact that不管……
without regard to不考虑；不顾及
regardless不管；不顾
regardless of不顾，不惜
The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.
这一法律要求公平对待每一个人，不管种族、宗教信仰或性别。
[即学即练]
He does well at school in spite of having to do part time jobs every now and then.
[典型例句]
To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.
让我惊奇的是，我和这个陌生人有许多共同之处。
I have nothing in common with Jane!
我和简毫无共同之处！
[思维拓展]
have a lot/much/a great deal in common with与……有很多共同之处
have nothing/little in common with 与……没有/很少有共同之处
in common共有；共同
in common with与……一样
common sense常识
[即学即练]
In common with most educated people he prefers classical music to jazz.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．Dressed (dress) in school uniform, the students are doing morning exercises in the playground.
2．Little girls love dressing (dress) up as angles for the festival.
3．Don't expect to pass the driving test at your/the first attempt. After all,_you've been learning to drive for only a couple of days.
4．These memories remain for a short period and will fade away within one or two days.
5．In spite of difficulties, he succeeded in finishing his task.
6．In common with other middle aged people, I like jogging in the morning.
However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals.
然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在这个世界上，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神是所有节日共有的。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。no matter how different they may seem是让步状语从句；the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals是主句，是主系表结构。
(2)句首的However是副词，意为“但是；不过；然而”。however作此用法时，可置于句首、句中或句末，但必须与句子的其他成分用逗号分隔开来。
(3)句中no matter how引导让步状语从句，表示“无论如何”“不管怎样”，可替换为however。
[思维拓展]
“疑问词＋ ever”引导的从句：
(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
However(＝No matter how) hard you shout，Granny won't be able to hear you.
不管你叫得多响，奶奶都听不到你的声音。
Sailing in rough weather can be very unpleasant.However，we found it exciting.
天气不好的时候航行很可能不畅快。然而，我们却觉得很刺激。
[即学即练]
(1)Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
→Every year，no matter who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(2)Whatever happens，I will stand by you.
→No matter what happens，I will stand by you.
(3)No matter who breaks the law，he should be punished.
→Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易为他们心爱的人花更多的钱买礼物。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是Online shopping websites and social media apps，谓语是have made，it是形式宾语，easier是宾语补足语，to spend more on gifts for their loved ones是真正的宾语。
(2)“动词＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构：
①能用于上述结构的动词有make，think，find，believe，feel，consider；
②宾补的两种常见形式：形容词、名词(词组)；
③真正的宾语的常见形式：不定式(短语)、v. ing(短语)、that引导的从句。用v. ing(短语)作真正的宾语时，宾补通常是no use，no good，fun等；
④当真正的宾语为不定式时，不定式可有自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语用for引出。该结构中的“形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”有时可改写为宾语从句。
I feel it our responsibility to protect the environment.
我认为保护环境是我们的责任。
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
无论他在哪儿，他都习惯在早餐前散步。
He made it clear that he wanted me to stay for another week.
他清楚地表示他希望我能再待一周。
I feel it no use quarreling with him about it.
我认为为这事和他争吵没什么用。
It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新环境。
I can understand why astronauts find it difficult to readjust to life on earth.
→I can understand why astronauts find that it is difficult to readjust to life on earth.
我能够理解为什么宇航员觉得重新适应地球上的生活不容易了。
注意：“make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb./sth.) to do sth.”结构在高考中常考查it作形式宾语的用法及宾补后面的非谓语动词的形式。在英语中形式主语和形式宾语只有it可以充当，其他词没有此用法。
[即学即练]
(1)The little boy found it a pleasure to help his mother with the housework.
(2)I have made it clear that tomorrow's meeting will be put off till the day after tomorrow because of the bad weather.
They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.
它们是让我们放松，享受生活，暂时忘记工作的机会。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是They are occasions，使用了主系表结构，后面是that引导的定语从句。
(2)句中allow 的意思是“允许”。allow 还可作“给予”讲。allow 的常见用法：
We allow smoking only in restricted areas.
我们只允许在指定的地点吸烟。
My parents don't allow me to go out at night.
我父母不允许我晚上出去。
He is not allowed to stay out late.
他不可以在外待到很晚。
He allows his son too much money.
他给他儿子的钱太多了。
[即学即练]
We do not allow eating (eat) in the classrooms.
And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是you may be surprised to find，前面是if引导的条件状语从句，后面是that引导的宾语从句。句中不定式短语to find... 作原因状语。
(2)不定式短语作原因状语用法浅析：
①形容词多是表示情感、感觉或心理活动的happy, pleased, surprised 等；
②不定式的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，若不是，则在不定式前加上其自身的主语；如果强调不定式动作先于谓语动作或谓语所表示的状态，则不定式用完成式。
We are very happy to cooperate with you in this project.
在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴。
He is very glad for his son to have made such great progress.
儿子取得了非常大的进步，他高兴极了。
Anxious to know the exam result, I went to school early.
由于急于知道考试结果，我早早就去了学校。
[即学即练]
Her parents were so pleased to_get (get) the news that she won the prize.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．His first response was to say no.Later，however，he changed his mind.
2．Dick found it difficult to_recite (recite) the whole passage.
3．I wasn't allowed to_stay (stay) out after 11 o'clock.
4．We shall be very happy to_accept (accept) your invitation.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Is there always a conflict between science and religion (宗教信仰)
2．Li Hua was admitted to Peking University. Everyone congratulated (祝贺) Li Hua on his success.
3．We sang as we marched (前进) to keep our spirits up.
4．Several cars are available within this price range (范围)．
5．Today's festivals have many origins (起源), some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.
6．New government figures (数字) predict that one in two marriages will end in divorce.
7．My father employed three men to help him with the harvest (收获) last summer.
8．Scientific farming is the key to the further development of agriculture (农业)．
9．These terrible floods wash away crops (庄稼) and destroy the whole village.
10．I didn't expect them to jump for joy (喜悦)at the news.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When we heard that our country has successfully launched Shenzhou XI spacecraft, we offered our congratulations (congratulate)．
2．Estimates (估价) of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.
3．If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.
4．I need a cell to keep in touch with my family and friends, and almost all information can be_gathered (gather)on the Internet.
5．Jack felt grateful to his teacher even though he couldn't find words to express it.
6．It is significant (significance) for us Chinese, especially for us teenagers.
7．These animals typically (typical) live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.
8．Sean's strong love for his country is_reflected (reflect) in his recently published poems.
9．Up until now, I have been old enough to dress myself (I)．
10．Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.
