(共34张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Word power & Grammar and usage
速效提能演练
Unit 1
语法专题突破
Section Ⅱ
重点难点探究
重点难点探究
1The UN is also made up of many other agencies.
联合国还由许多其它机构组成。
品味经典
①Our class is made up of seven groups.
我们班由七个小组组成。
自我探究
be made up of意为由……组成。
词汇精研
归纳拓展
(1)be made from由……制成(成品中看不出原料)
(2)be made (out) of 由……制成(成品中能看出原料)
(3)make...into... 把……制成……
(4)make out 辨认出，理解，明白；开(写)支票
(5)make for 走向，前往；冲向；有助于
(6)make off 离开，逃走
(7)make up 编造；构成；弥补；化妆
②Everyone in the village likes him because he is good at telling and making up jokes.
村里的每个人都喜欢他，因为他善于讲笑话和编笑话。
③Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。
④I could just make out a figure in the darkness.
黑暗中我只看出了一个人的轮廓。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)她将那料子制成一条裙子。
She________________the material________a skirt.
(2)他们的房屋是用他们自己砍下来的树木筑成的。
Their houses________________________trees they had cut down.
(3)一切分子都是由原子构成的。
All substances________________________________molecules.
单项填空
(4)When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him，the thief________the exit quickly.
A．made for B．made out
C．made up D．made into
答案：(1)will make；into
(2)were made of
(3)are made up of
(4)解析：选A。考查make词组辨析。句意：意识到超市保安已经看到他后，小偷迅速地向出口走去。此处make for表示“向……移动”，故选A项。make out表示“理解，辨认出”；make up表示“弥补，编造，化妆”；make into表示“做成”。
2It also aims to solve problems such as child labour.
它还力求解决诸如童工之类的问题。
品味经典
①We aim to be there at about six.
我们力争6点左右到达那里。
②I aimed at the tree but hit the car by mistake.
我对准树射击，不料误中了汽车。
③The book is aimed at very young children.
这本书以幼年的孩子为对象。
自我探究
aim在上面的例句中是动词，aim to do意为力求做……；aim at意为瞄准……，针对……；be aimed at意为目的是，旨在……。
归纳拓展
aim n．目的，目标；瞄准
with the aim of 以期……，意在……
take aim at... 向……瞄准
without aim 漫无目的地
achieve one’s aim 实现目标
miss one’s aim 达不到目的，打不中目标
【助记】
牛刀小试
用aim的正确形式填空
(1)A person____________________(没有任何目标)is sure to hit nothing.
(2)He________________________________________________________________________(将枪对准)a bird.
(3)These measures______________________(旨在防止)violent crime.
答案：(1)who aims at nothing/aiming at nothing
(2)aims the gun at
(3)are aimed at preventing
3Now what do you think is the most important aspect of UNICEF’s work
那么你认为联合国儿童基金会的工作最重要的方面是什么呢？
品味经典
①Let’s consider a question in all its aspects/in every aspect of it.让我们从一切/每一个角度考虑问题。
②Look at the problem from a different aspect.
从另一面来看这个问题。
自我探究
aspect是名词，意为方面，常和介词 in或 from搭配，意为从……方面。
归纳拓展
③In this respect we are very fortunate.
在这方面，我们是很幸运的。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面。
The book________________________________of city life.
(2)她觉得她已从各个角度去考虑她的未来了。
She felt she had considered her future__________________________.
答案：(1)aims to cover all aspects
(2)in every respect/in all aspects
4I would like to suggest that more money be raised so that you can help more children.
我想建议多筹点儿钱以便你们能帮助更多的孩子。
品味经典
①Please make copies of this so that you may use them at your convenience in the future.
请把这复印一下，以便你以后方便使用。
句型巧析
自我探究
在上面的例句中so that引导的是目的状语从句，意为以便于，为了……，从句中常和情态动词连用，不可位于句首。
归纳拓展
②Many contestants later failed drug tests，so that the race had to be rerun.
许多参赛者后来都没有通过药检，赛跑只得重新进行。
牛刀小试
(1)Your article must be sent by e mail________it can meet the deadline.
A．or else B．so that
C．in case D．for fear
解析：选B。句意“你的文章必须用电子邮件发送，以赶上截止日期”，so that引导目的状语从句。
(2)If you want to do the job once more，you’d better be more careful________you make mistakes.
A．where B．in case
C．so that D．when
解析：选B。句意：“如果你想再次做这项工作，你最好更仔细些以防出错。”in case引导目的状语从句。
品味语法
1．If I had worked hard at school，I would be an engineer，too.
2．Without your instruction，I would not have made such great progress.
3．Even if he were here himself，he should not know what to do.
4．I wish I had your brains.
5．He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.
语法专题突破
自我探究
例1中主句是对现在的虚拟，条件从句是对过去的虚拟。
例2中非真实条件句中的条件从句没表达出来，但Without_your_instruction暗含出了条件。
例3中even if引导的让步状语从句表达的也是虚拟语气。
例4中wish后的宾语从句表达对现在的虚拟假设。
例5中suggest作建议意义时，后面宾语从句的谓语动词要用(should)＋动词原形。
讲解归纳
虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
1．有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
If they had informed us，we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
If he were free today，we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
2．非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without...，but for...等。
But for his help，we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
We didn’t know his telephone number，otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
3．在even if，even though所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实：华佗不在世)
一般would rather，had rather，would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
过去had＋done
现在过去时(be用were)
将来过去时(be用were)
4．用在wish后的宾语从句中。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had＋done
I wish I had known the truth of the matter.
我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实：那
时还不知道)
(3)表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would＋动词原形
I wish I should have a chance again.
我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)
【注意】 would rather，if only，as if/as though也有相同用法
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now.
我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went there tomorrow.
我们倒想你明天去那儿。
5．一个“坚持(insist)”；两个“命令(order，command)”；三个“建议(suggest，propose，advise)”；四个“要求(demand，require，request，ask)”中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should＋do”。should可以省略。
He insisted that we(should) take the teacher’s advice.
He demanded that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.
insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点”则不用虚拟语气。
He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。
这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
His face suggests that he looks worried.
他的表情暗含着他很担心。
这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共106张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
速效提能演练
Unit 1
重点难点探究
Section Ⅰ
预习多维感知
预习多维感知
Step One：Warming up
Talk about the pictures on page 49 and discuss the following questions.
Picture 1：1.Do you think these soldiers play an important role in maintaining the world peace
2．Do you think this kind of job is very demanding，challenging and risky Why or why not
Picture 2：1.How do you feel when you see this picture
2．How can we help them
Picture 3：1.Suppose your home was struck by a flood，what would your life be like
2．Would you still live a normal life as before
Picture 4：1.What would happen if there was not enough water for farming
2．What factors can ensure a good harvest
Picture 5：1.Why do you think that doctors and nurses need to go to poor areas or countries to help
2．What is the doctor in the picture doing
Picture 6：Can their daily necessities be guaranteed If not，what will happen
Step Two：Fast Reading
1．Skim the passage and answer the following three questions：
(1)Who is Tang Ning
________________________________________________________________________
(2)How many countries belong to the UN
________________________________________________________________________
(3)Which countries has Tang Ning visited
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1) A successful businesswoman and a UN Goodwill Ambassador.
(2)192 countries.
(3)Countries in Africa.
2．Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
(1) Which of the following is NOT the duty of the UN
A．The UN helps end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts.
B．The UN protects human rights and improve international laws.
C．The UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.
D．The UN assists the developing countries to make laws.
(2) What occupation does Tang Ning take up in the UN
A．The Secretary General.
B．A Goodwill Ambassador.
C．The spoken man.
D．A clerk.
(3)How much money does she earn by doing the job
A．She earns a lot.
B．She volunteers.She gets no salary for the job.
C．She earns some，though not much.
D．It isn’t mentioned in the article.
(4) What does she do as a Goodwill Ambassador
A．She helps develop the world’s education.
B．She helps deal with such problems as poverty and disasters.
C．She visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
D．She visits the poorest areas in the world.
(5)What is not the thing the UN promise to the world by 2015
A．Meet the eight development goals.
B．To ensure all children complete primary education.
C．To ensure that fresh drinking water is available to everyone.
D．Solve all the present serious problems.
答案：(1)～(5)DBBCD
Step Three：Careful Reading
1．Read the text carefully and then find out the main idea of each part.
Part 1：Paragraph 1～2
________________________________________________________________________
Part 2：Paragraph 3～4
________________________________________________________________________
Part 3：Paragraph 5
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Brief introduction of the UN
Working as a UN Goodwill Ambassador
The problems the UN helps solve
2．Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks.
The United Nations
When it was set up After the Second World War in October 1945
Countries in the UN (originally)51 countries
(recently)192 countries
Problems it deals with helps (1)________some of the world’s most horrible (2)________；assists the (3)________of wars and disasters；protects human rights；improves international laws；helps with other problems such as (4)________of education，lack of food，poverty，disasters and diseases
The United Nations
Its four main purposes to (5)________international peace
to develop friendly (6)________ among nations
to cooperate in solving international problems and in (7)________respect for human rights
to be a center for organizing the actions or work of different nations
Goals it promises to achieve by 2015 eight goals，one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is (8)______to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education
答案：(1)end (2)conflicts (3)victims (4)lack
(5)keep (6)relationships (7)promoting (8)available
Step Four：Summary
I am happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador of the UN.And I feel very 1.____________to take on the job.
My job with the UN is not paid but 2.____________.I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.If I visit these countries，the television and press will follow and record my visits.In this way people’s knowledge of the work of the UN can be increased.In 3.____________，my visits can also encourage people working on the projects and 4.____________local people’s attention to the situation.
Recently，I was 5.____________enough to travel to South Africa，where I found a programme that the local women 6.____________by themselves to provide for themselves and their families.They make baskets with the money collected by themselves and the money 7.____________by the government.Then sell them for a 8.____________.In fact，there are lots of 9.____________programmes like this under the 10.____________of the UN.
In a word，with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.
答案：1.honored 2.voluntary 3.addition 4.draw 5.fortunate 6.organized 7.contributed 8.profit 9.worthwhile 10.umbrella
Step Five：Discussion
1．What skills do you think you need to be a Goodwill Ambassador
________________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think there will always be a need for the UN Why or why not
________________________________________________________________________
1When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.
当食物匮乏时，就会有饥饿。
品味经典
①The parents are concerned for their son’s lack of good studying habits.
父母为他们的儿子缺乏好的学习习惯而担心。
自我探究
在上面的例句中，lack是名词，(a)lack of意为“缺乏……”。
重点难点探究
词汇精研
归纳拓展
②They met with many difficulties，for they lacked equipment，experience and technical data.
因为缺少设备，缺乏经验和技术资料，他们遇到不少困难。
③She seems to be lacking in confidence.
她似乎缺少信心。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)许多人失败不是因为缺少能力，而是因为缺乏信心。
It’s______________，not______________，that makes many people fail.
(2)他真正的问题是他缺乏自信。
①His real problem is that he
___________________________________.
②His real problem is that he
_________________________________.
(3)由于缺少充足的睡眠，大多数学生感到很累。
____________________enough sleep，the majority of students feel tired.
答案：(1)lack of confidence；lack of ability
(2)①lacks confidence ②is lacking in confidence
(3)Lacking/Lacking in/For lack of/Through lack of
2 I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈论联合国，也叫UN——这个名称在英语里更为常用。
品味经典
①The matter you referred to at the meeting need settling at once.会上你提到的那件事需要马上解决。
③His new book referred to air pollution.
他的新书涉及空气污染问题。
④That’s why Marxists refer to their type of movement as scientific socialism.那就是马克思主义者把这种运动称作科学社会主义的原因。
自我探究
refer to是固定短语，to是介词，意为①提及；②查阅，参考；③涉及，描述；refer to sb./sth.as...意为；④把……称为/叫做……。
归纳拓展
⑤With reference to your recent advertisement，I’m writing to request further details.
关于对方最近的广告，现特函查询详情。
牛刀小试
(1)Carl Lineous，the famous botanical scientist，was a man always in blue.His depression was ________ his childhood illness in his biography.
A．centered on B．concentrated on
C．named after D．referred to
解析：选D。Carl Lineous一位著名的植物学家，是一位忧郁的人。其自传写道，他的抑郁应归咎于童年的疾病。A项“集中于”；B项“专心致志于”；C项“以……命名”；D项含义较多，此处表示“把……归咎于”。
(2)Although the teacher did not mention any names，everybody knew who he was ________.
A．referring to B．turning to
C．attending to D．talking to
解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管老师没有提到名字，但大家都知道他指的是谁。refer to“查阅，提到，谈到”；turn to“转向，变成，求助于，致力于，开始行动”；attend to“专心，注意，照顾”；talk to“跟……谈话”。
(3)The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________ his notes.
A．bringing up B．referring to
C．looking for D．trying on
解析：选B。本题考查动词词组辨析。A项意为“抚养”；B项意为“涉及；参考”；C项意为“寻找”；D项意为“试穿”。句意：董事长在商务会议上讲话讲了几乎近一个小时，但他没有参考他的笔记，可知选B。
3 I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
能够担当这一角色，我感到非常荣幸。
品味经典
①I feel honoured to be one of the volunteers for the Olympic Games.我为成为奥运自愿者的一员感到很荣幸。
自我探究
feel honoured to do sth.是常用句型，意为为做……而感到荣幸。
归纳拓展
(1)honour vt.使……感到荣耀，给……荣誉；尊敬
be honoured for 因……而受到尊敬或获得荣誉
be honoured as 被尊为……
be honoured with 被授予……
②It is a traditional virtue of the Chinese people to honour the elderly and take care of children.
尊老爱幼是中华民族的传统美德。
③He was again honoured as the All around Student.Both his teacher and parents felt happy for him.
他又被评为班级全能学生了，老师和父母都为他感到高兴。
④One must show honour to one’s parents.
人人都应该尊敬父母。
⑤He is an honour to his country.
他是祖国的光荣。
牛刀小试
(1)Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th ________ the birth of Jesus Christ.
A．in charge of B．in terms of
C．in favour of D．in honour of
解析：选D。in charge of负责；in terms of就……方面而言；in favour of支持，有利于；in honour of为纪念，为向……表示敬意。句意：圣诞节是一个为纪念耶稣的诞生并且通常在12月25日庆祝的节日。
(2)The president ________ them with his visit.
A．honoured B．in honour of
C．have the honour of D．honour
解析：选A。此题考查honour的用法。句意：总统的来访让他们感到荣幸。honour sb.with sth.意为“因某事让某人感到荣幸”；in honour of为介词短语，意为“纪念”；have the honour of意为“有幸……”；honour时态不对，故选A。
(3)It is ________ great honour for a country to host the Olympic Games.A great celebration was held in________ honour of the event.
A．a；a B．a；/
C．/；/ D．/；the
解析：选B。考查冠词用法。第一空白处由于后面honour是具体名词，表示荣幸的事，所以应填入不定冠词；第二空白处是在固定短语in honour of中的名词honour之前，所以不填。
4As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.
如你所知，联合国触及世界各地每个人的生活。
品味经典
①One of the branches was just touching the water.
一个树枝刚好碰到水面。
②What he said didn’t touch the point.
他说的话未涉及到要点。
③Her story touched us all deeply.
她的故事使我们都深受感动。
自我探究
touch在上面的例句中是动词，意为触及，涉及，感动。
归纳拓展
(1)touch n．联系；接触
be in touch with...与……有联系
get in touch with...与……取得联系
keep in touch with...与……保持联系
lose touch with...与……失去联系
be out of touch with...与……没有联系
(2)touching adj.感人的，动人的
touched adj. 感动的
④Have the children been in touch with disease
孩子们同这种疾病有过接触吗？
⑤Li Lianjie’s touching speech made the audience touched，and each of them took their mobile phones to donate money for those disaster affected areas in Taiwan.
李连杰动人的演讲使得每个观众都极为感动，他们纷纷拿起手机给台湾的受灾地区捐款。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)—Ow! I’ve burnt myself!
—How did you do that
—I ________ a hot pot.
A．touched B．kept
C．felt D．held
解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。touch意为“碰，触摸”。本题题意为因触摸锅被烫伤。feel表示“触摸”时，指有意识地触摸某物。keep意为“保持”；hold意为“拿着，抓住”。
(2)This is my telephone number and address.Let’s keep in ________.
A．relation B．touch
C．friendship D．connection
解析：选B。此题考查“联系”的用法。句意：这是我的电话号码和地址。让我们保持联系。keep in touch意为“保持联系”，故选B。
完成句子
(3)虽然你们要搬走了，但是我还是希望我们能互相保持联系。
Though you are moving away，I still hope we can________________each other.
(4)我过去跟中学同学失去了联系，但是因特网帮助我找到了他们中的大多数人。
I used to__________________the middle school classmates，but the Internet helps me find most of them.
答案：(3)keep in touch with
(4)lose touch with/be out of touch with
5 In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.
此外，联合国还协助保护人权，致力于改进各种国际法律，如有有童工和少数民族、妇女的平等权利的法律。
品味经典
①A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.
一磅约等于500克。
②I’m sure Barbara’s quite equal to the task.
我相信巴巴拉完全有能力承担这项任务。
自我探究
在上面的例句中，equal是形容词，be equal to...意为①和……相等/平等；②胜任……，有能力做……。
归纳拓展
③In some countries black people do not have equality with white people.
在某些国家黑人没有和白人同等的权利。
④None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.
不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。
牛刀小试
句型转换
(1)He is the person up to the job.
→He is the person________________the job.
(2)5 and 2 are 7.→5 plus 2________________7.
答案：(1)equal to (2)equals
6 They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.
她们每天从每个成员那里收取大约1.35元人民币，将这些钱和政府资助给她们的一笔钱加在一起。
品味经典
①Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross.
每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。
②She asked him to contribute a biweekly article on European affairs.
她约他每两周写一篇有关欧洲情况的文稿。
③Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
自我探究
contribute是动词，常和介词to搭配，意为①捐赠；②投稿；③有助于。
归纳拓展
④Some Public Service Ads mainly aim to make contributions to society.
一些公益广告的主要目的是为社会作贡献。
【助记】
⑤Many people contributed money to the Hope Project，which contributed to many children returning to school.A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子可以重返校园，一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Does smoking________________________________________________________________________
(2)The three agreements signed by ARATS and SEF will __________________economic development on the two sides.
海峡会和海基金签署的三个协议将有助于两岸的经济发展。
答案：(1)contribute to lung cancer
(2)contribute to/make a contribution to
7There are lots of worthwhile programmes like this under the umbrella of the UN that have helped millions of people across the world.
在联合国的管理体系中还有许多类似的值得去做的项目，它们已经为全球数以百万计的人们提供了帮助。
品味经典
①It is worthwhile to remake some literary classics.
重拍一些文学名著是值得的。
自我探究
worthwhile是形容词，意为值得的，既可作定语，也可作表语，It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.意为做……是值得的。
归纳拓展
②The suggestion is worthy of consideration/of being considered/to be considered.这个建议值得考虑。
③The book is worth 15 yuan.
这本书值15元钱。
④The book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
牛刀小试
(1)This article is well ________ reading but it is not ________ of being translated.
A．worth；worthwhile B．worth；worth
C．worthy；worthy D．worth；worthy
解析：选D。be well worth doing sth.很值得做某事；be worthy to be done/of being done值得做某事。
(2)—Have you looked through the plan
—Not yet.This plan is ________ careful consideration.
A．short of B．fond of
C．proud of D．worthy of
解析：选D。考查短语辨析。后句句意：这项计划值得仔细考虑。A.缺少；B.喜欢；C.以……为自豪，均不符合题意。
8Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.
除了由于战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助解决其成员国的其他问题，如教育匮乏、食品不足、灾难、艾滋病和其他疾病等。
品味经典
①It’s not urgent—we can do it next week or whenever.
不是急事——我们可以下星期做或其他时间做。
自我探究
urgent是形容词，意为紧急的。
归纳拓展
②He tried hard to urge me to write a book about music.
他极力劝说我写一本关于音乐的书。
③They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.
他们极力主张在放假期间图书馆应当照常开放。
④The marathon runner looked very tired but the crowd urged him on and he finished the race.
这位马拉松运动员看起来已经非常疲劳了，但是观众们鼓励他坚持下去，于是他跑完了全程。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)The report urged that all the children ________ to swim.
A．should teach B．taught
C．were taught D．be taught
解析：选D。urge的宾语从句常用“(should＋)do”表虚拟，因teach与children之间为动宾关系，需用be taught，此处省略了should。
完成句子
(2)We ____________________(力劝他珍惜时间)．
(3)It’s a problem that________________________ (需要紧急处理)．
9 I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.
我很高兴入选联合国的一名亲善大使。
品味经典
①I feel honoured to have been able to take on this role.
能够担当这个角色我感到非常荣幸。
句型巧析
自我探究
to have done是动词不定式的完成时态，强调不定式动作先于主句的谓语的动作发生。
归纳拓展
动词不定式有完成时，也有进行时，强调动词不定式的动作正在进行。其形式为：to be doing
②I happened to be reading the novel you referred to.
我碰巧正在读你所提到的那本小说。
③I’m sorry to have taken you so much time.
很抱歉占用你那么多时间。
牛刀小试
(1)—Is Bob still performing
—I’m afraid not.He is said________the stage already as he has become an official.
A．to have left B．to leave
C．to have been left D．to be left
解析：选C。be said to have done的意思为“据说已经做了某事”。动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
(2)Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to________since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A．have been missing B．have got lost
C．be missing D．get lost
解析：选A。显然“失踪”是在“报道”之前发生的，要用完成式。missing强调状态，get lost短暂性动作不可跟表示一段时间的状语since the flood hit the area last Friday连用。
(3)Hurry up，he is sure________for us.
A．to wait B．to be waiting
C．waiting D．being waited
解析：选B。be sure后应接不定式。根据句意，现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们，所以应用不定式的进行式，故选B。
10My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary.
我在联合国的工作不是有偿的而是自愿的。
品味经典
①He is not a teacher but a student.
他不是老师而是学生。
②Not he but you deserve praise.
不是他而是你应该表扬。
③Many children play the piano not because they like it but because their mothers want them to do so.
许多孩子弹钢琴不是因为喜欢而是因为他们的妈妈让他们那样做。
自我探究
not A but B在句中连接两个平行成分，在①中连接两个并列表语，在②中连接两个并列主语，谓语动词和B一致，在③中连接两个并列状语。
归纳拓展
英语中连接平行成分，主语遵循就近原则的结构还有：not only...but also；neither...nor；either...or
④Neither he nor they are wholly right.
他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。
⑤Either he or I am right.
或者他对，或者我对。
牛刀小试
(1)Either Jane or Steven________watching TV now.
A．were B．is
C．was D．are
解析：选B。either...or...连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，再根据时间状语now，所以用is。
(2)Neither Liping nor I________a basketball player.
A．am B．is
C．be D．are
解析：选A。neither...nor...连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
(3)Not only his children but also his wife________to visit the zoo.
A．likes B．like
C．has liked D．have liked
解析：选A。not only...but also...连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
(4)Neither you，nor I，nor anyone else________willing to do this work.
A．are B．is
C．am D．has
解析：选B。neither...nor...连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
11In many places water is not safe to drink unless it is boiled.
在很多地方得把水煮沸后才能放心饮用。
品味经典
①The book is interesting to read.
这本书读起来很有趣。
②Some people are hard to satisfy.
有些人很难满足。
自我探究
sb./sth.be＋adj.＋to do是一个固定句式，意为某人/物……起来怎么样。
归纳拓展
③The chair is comfortable to sit in.
那把椅子坐上去很舒服。
牛刀小试
(1)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good________.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe
C．breathing D．being breathed
解析：选B。句意“早上的空气呼吸起来很新鲜”，Sb./Sth.be＋adj.＋to do是一个固定句式，breathe the morning air构成完整的动宾短语，此时主动to do要用主动代替被动，所以选B。
(2)How pleasant the picture is________！
A．be looked B．for looking at
C．to look D．to look at
解析：选D。句意“这幅画看上去多么好看啊”，Sb./Sth.be＋adj.＋to do是一个固定句式，look是不及物动词和the picture不能构成完整的动宾短语，所以要加介词at.
The UN—bringing everyone closer together
I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.The UN is an international organization made up of countries that want to promote world peace.I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.
译文助读
Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programmes to help people.I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.Later I shall tell you about some of the work I have done.First I should give you a short description of the UN.
So，when was the United Nations set up？It was set up just after the Second World War，in October 1945 by 51 countries.Today，nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN—192 countries altogether.The UN has four main functions：to keep international peace；to develop friendly relationships among nations；to work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights；and to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations.
As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.The organization is helping end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts.The UN does not have its own army.Instead，it borrows soldiers from different countries that belong to the UN.With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.
That is a little about the UN.Now let me tell you about the work I have been doing with them.My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary，and as I said before，I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.So，how do I help by visiting these countries？Well，if I visit these countries，the television and press will follow and record my visits.This will increase people’s knowledge of the work of the UN.In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people’s attention to the situation.
I have visited many countries in Africa.Recently，I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa，where I met some women who have organized themselves into a group.They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.With this，the women have enough money to acquire materials to make
baskets.They then sell these at the market for a profit.With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop.Such programmes can transform people’s lives by giving them the ability to provide for themselves and their families.There are lots of worthwhile programmes like this under the umbrella of the UN that have helped millions of people across the world.
Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.At a UN meeting in 2000，all of its members agreed to try and meet eight development goals by the year 2015.One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone，as in many places water
is not safe to drink unless it is boiled.Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.For more information，you may like to look it up on the UN website.So you see，with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.
联合国——让每个人靠得更近
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，也叫UN——这个名称在英语里更为常用。联合国是一个国际组织，由所有愿意促进和平的国家组成，我很高兴入选联合国的一名亲善大使。
作为一名亲善大使意味着我要前往联合国实施扶助项目的国家。能够担当这一角色，我感到非常荣幸。我会在后面跟大家谈谈我所做的一些工作，但首先我想跟大家简单介绍一下联合国的情况。
那么联合国是什么时候成立的呢？联合国实际上是第二次世界大战之后于1945年10月由51个国家联合组建的。今天，世界上几乎每一个国家都是联合国的成员——共有192个国家。联合国有四大宗旨，即：维护国际和平；发展各国之间的友好关系；进行国际合作，以解决国际间的政治矛盾，增进对于全体人类之人权的尊重；构成一个协调各国行动或工作的中心。
如你所知，联合国触及世界各地每个人的生活。该组织协助终止世界上一些最恐怖的冲突。联合国并不拥有自己的军队，而是向不同的成员国借用士兵。在这些军队和其他可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。此外，联合国还协助保护人权，致力于改进各种国际法律，如有关童工和少数民族及妇女平等权利的法律。
以上是对联合国的简单介绍。现在我要跟大家谈谈我所做的跟联合国有关的工作。我参与联合国的工作是无偿的，是志愿工作。正如我刚才所说的，我主要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。那么，我如何通过访问这些国家来达到帮助的目的呢？是这样的，如果我访问这些国家，电视和报刊等媒体就跟随我，并记录我的行程。这会提升人们对联合国的工作的意识。此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国各种项目的人，吸引当地人民对相关情形的注意力。
到目前为止我访问了非洲的许多国家。最近，我非常幸运，去了一次南非，在那里我看见了一些结组自救的妇女。她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取大约相当于人民币1.35元，将这些钱和政府资助给她们的一笔钱加在一起。这样，妇女们就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的编织材料。之后，她们就将编织好的篮子拿到市场上销售。运气好的话，她们的小组还能够进一步扩大，或许还能开一个店铺。这些项目可以改变人们的生活，使她们有能力为自己和家人提供生活所需。在联合国的管理体系中还有很多此类的重要的项目，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人们提供了帮助。
除了由于战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助解决其成员国的其他问题，如教育匮乏、饥饿、灾难、爱滋病和其他疾病。在2000年召开的一次联合国会议上，所有的成员国都同意，到2015年争取实现八个发展目标。这八个目标其中之一就是保证每个人都能够享受到干净的水。因为在很多地方得把水煮沸后才能放心饮用。另外一个发展目标就是保证所有的孩子都能够完成小学教育。如果大家想知道这方面更多的信息，可以浏览联合国的相关网页。现在，你们已了解到，由于联合国的工作，全世界的人靠得更近了。
速效提能演练
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谢谢使用(共7张PPT)
Unit 4 Helping people around the world
教材背景链接
It is not enough to help the feeble up，but to support him after.
—William Shakespeare，British dramatist
仅仅把弱者扶起来是不够的，还要在他站起来之后支持他。——英国剧作家 威廉·莎士比亚
名言佳句
He that will not allow his friend to share the prize must not expect him to share the danger.
—Aesop，Ancient Greek fable writer
不肯让朋友共享果实的人，不要指望朋友与他共患难。
——古希腊寓言作家 伊索
I find life an exciting business and most exciting when it is lived for others.
—Helen Keller，American writer
我发现生活是令人激动的事情，尤其是为别人活着时。
——美国作家 海伦·凯勒
类文欣赏
Christmas Eve means a warm get together with friends，a candlelight dinner，or perhaps a celebration at a pub for students.But for Cai Yingjie，the night has a different meaning：helping beggars and the homeless.
Cai，who is a student in journalism at Tsinghua，could be found at Beijing’s Wudaokou Light Railway Station that special evening.When she saw an old beggar，she took the cold，rough hands of the woman with her warm，clean hands，and gave the woman some warm bread and helped her put on a pair of new gloves.
The woman was surprised for a few seconds，then burst into tears，saying “for the first time I feel respected”．
Cai said，“A beggar’s life is very hard.That’s why I want to help them.”
Cai was one of 14 Tsinghua students spending Christmas Eve among the poor.They walked in the cold wind along the streets from 4 to 7 p．m. on Friday，visiting 15 beggars in Beijing’s Haidian District.
They brought bread and gloves with them，and stopped to greet beggars and offered them some of the warm food.Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise.
“I know the activity can’t help much，but it’s meant to show our respect and care for beggars and the homeless who have been neglected for so long，” said Sun，head of the group.“And Christmas is a good time for that.”
Read the passage and answer the questions：
1．What does Christmas Eve mean to the 14 Tsinghua students
_________________________________________________
2．What does the beggar mean by saying“for the first time I feel respected”？
_________________________________________________
3．What did each beggar feel when they received greetings
_________________________________________________
Keys：1.Showing care to the beggars and the homeless.
2.The beggar hasn’t been shown care for so long.
3.Amazed.(共98张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Task & Project
速效提能演练
Unit 1
写作专题突破
Section Ⅲ
重点难点探究
重点难点探究
1 Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages no one has the means to pay them.
医疗卫生是有限的，这是由于村子里没有医生和护士，也没有人有办法支付他们的报酬。
词汇精研
品味经典
①Every possible means has been tried.
每一种可能的方法都被试过了。
②All possible means have been tried.
所有可能的方法都被试过了。
自我探究
means是名词，意为方式、方法，复数形式为means。
归纳拓展
by this means用这种方式
by all means 尽一切办法，务必
by means of... 通过……方式
by no means 绝不(放在句首，句子常用倒装)
③By means of hard work，Bruce made up for his lack of experience.布鲁斯努力工作以弥补他经验的不足。
④By no means can the little children play on the road.
小孩子绝不能在马路上玩耍。
易混辨析
means，way，method
means 指具体的“方法、手段、工具”，其单复数形式相同
way 可指一般的方法，也可指个人的或特殊的方法或方式，如生活方式way of life
method 指理论的或系统的、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法
牛刀小试
用means，way，method填空
(1)The news media remains the primary________of communication with the public.
(2)Nowadays，it seems to some people that their stress is caused by highly technical，highly rushed modern________of life.
(3)The school has introduced a new teaching________.
答案：(1)means (2)way (3)method
单项填空
(4)I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means________with my progress.
A．the teacher is not satisfied
B．is the teacher not satisfied
C．the teacher is satisfied
D．is the teacher satisfied
解析：选D。by no means决不，无论怎样都不，具有否定意义，作状语位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
2 However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.
然而，如果水泵坏了，维修要花几天的时间，原因是工程师不得不从最近的城镇过来修理。
品味经典
①The telephone system has broken down.
电话系统失灵了。
②Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.
双方谈判已经破裂。
③Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。
④Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。
自我探究
break down是固定短语，意为①(机器，车辆等)出故障；②(计划，谈判等)失败；③(身体)垮了；，④分解(化学变化)。
【助记】
归纳拓展
break away from从……脱离，与……断绝关系
break in 强行闯入，侵入；插话
break into 闯入，侵入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break off 折断；中断；停止说话
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生
break up 击碎；拆散；解散；破坏(关系)
break through 突破
⑤Can’t you break away from old habits
你不能戒除旧习惯吗？
⑥She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰下一块巧克力给我。
牛刀小试
(1)While he was searching for information on the Internet the computer system ________ suddenly.
A．broke down B．broke up
C．broke out D．broke in
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。break down“垮掉，崩溃”；break up“分解”；break out“爆发”；break in“插嘴”。由题意可知A项正确。
(2)—I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have ______.
—So am I．They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A．broken up B．finished up
C．divided up D．closed up
解析：选A。break up“分手；破碎；解散”，符合题意。finish up“结束，完成”；divide up“瓜分；分配”；close up“(店)关门”。
(3)—How about your journey to Mount Emei
—Everything was wonderful except that our car ________ twice on the way.
A．slowed down B．broke down
C．got down D．put down
解析：选B。句意：——你们的峨眉山之行怎么样？——其他都很好，就是我们的车在路上抛锚了两次。slow down放慢(速度)，(使)减速；break down出故障，(健康等)垮掉，崩溃；get down下来，写下，使沮丧；put down记下。
(4)He tried to deal with the ever increasing burden of his work，but finally ________ and had to take a complete rest.
A．broke away B．broke up
C．broke down D．broke out
解析：选C。句意：他努力应对日益增加的工作负担，但最终身体垮掉了，不得不彻底休息一下。break down(车)抛锚，坏掉，(精神、身体)垮掉，分解；break away突然离开，脱离；break up打碎，分裂，结束，驱散；break out爆发，突发。
3 One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.
影响到健康的问题之一是，那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的灾难后很难得到药品。
品味经典
①Then he thought of a way to get hold of the document.
然后他想出了一个拿到文件的办法。
②Get hold of the rope，or you will fall.
抓紧绳子，否则你会跌下去的。
③Where have you been？I’ve been trying to get hold of you all day.
你去哪儿了？我一整天都在找你。
④I’ll explain and you’ll soon get hold of the idea.
我会解释，你很快就会明白我的意思。
自我探究
get hold of是固定搭配，意义为：①找到(所需之物)；②抓住；③找到某人，和某人联系；④明白。
归纳拓展
⑤The matter was held over until the next meeting.
这件事被推迟到下次会议。
⑥An accident is holding up traffic.
一场事故造成了交通阻塞。
牛刀小试
用hold的短语填空．
(1)________the rope and I’ll pull you up.
(2)The building work has been________by bad weather.
(3)Despite the attacks，we________the bridge for three more days.
(4)________，I’ll just get my coat.
答案：(1)catch hold of/hold on to
(2)held up (3)held on to (4)Hold on
4 Meanwhile，in the rest of the city，shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.
同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所以及食物和干净水的供给都成了大问题。
品味经典
①The only acess to the town is across the bridge.
到镇上惟一的通路是一座桥。
②As her private secretary，he has access to all her correspondence.他是她的私人秘书，能接触到她所有的信件。
自我探究
access在上面的句子中是名词，意为通道，接近的机会；have access to意为得以接近(进入，使用)。
归纳拓展
③I can’t access the file on your company because I’ve forgotten the code.
我无法取出贵公司的文件，因为我把代码忘了。
④The tickets for the 30th Olympic Games are accessible to us from online sales page.
我们可以从网上售票网站买到第三十届奥运会的门票。
牛刀小试
完成句子
(1)These documents are not ____________________________(公众看到)．
(2)This is a programme making science ____________________________(更容易为年轻人所理解)．
(3)Our school can ________________(可以去)by bus.
答案：(1)accessible to the public (2)more accessible to young people (3)be accessed
单项填空
(4) Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be ________ to the kids.
A．accessible B．relative
C．acceptable D．sensitive
解析：选A。句意：弗兰克把药放到最上面的抽屉里，确保它不被孩子们够到。accessible意为“易接近的”；relative意为“相对的，比较的”；acceptable意为“合意的，受欢迎的，可接受的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。根据句意应该选A。
5 It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.
这使我想起了自己在苏丹所呆的那段时间，当时好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员由于人们哄抢食品而受到了攻击。
品味经典
①The film reminded me of Paris.
那部电影让我想起巴黎。
②Remind me to get up early tomorrow.
明天早上提醒我早起。
③He reminded me that I must go home before 10 o’clock.
他提醒我10点以前必须回家。
自我探究
remind是动词，意为提醒，使想起，常用结构①remind sb.of...让某人想起……；②remind sb.to do提醒某人做……；③remind sb.that...提醒某人……；
归纳拓展
动词＋sb.＋of构成的短语：
accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物
warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
④The police accused him of murder.
警察指控他谋杀。
⑤If you like，you can inform me of your arrival.
如果你愿意，你到达时通知我。
⑥The girl was robbed of her purse.
那个女孩的钱包被抢了。
牛刀小试
单项填空
(1)________not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding B．Reminded
C．To remind D．Having reminded
解析：选B。句意：“经理被提醒不要错过15∶20的航班，所以他匆忙赶往机场”。本题考查过去分词作状语。the manager与remind在逻辑上是被动关系。
(2)What he said just now________me of that American professor.
A．mentioned B．informed
C．reminded D．memorized
解析：选C。本题考查短语remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事；inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事。
句型转换
He reminded me that I would attend the meeting on time.
He reminded me________ ________the meeting on time.
答案：to attend
6 It is quite horrible to imagine losing everything，including some of your family.
想像失去一切，甚至包括一些你的家人，是非常可怕的事情。
品味经典
①It’s hard to imagine living in a place like that.
住在那样的地方是很难想像的。
②I always imagined my new teacher as/to be a kind gentle professor.
我以前老是把我的新老师想像成一个善良和蔼的教授。
自我探究
imagine是动词，意为想象，常用结构①imagine (one/one’s) doing想象(某人)做……；②imagine sb./sth.as/to be把……想象成……。
归纳拓展
(1)imagine所接的宾语从句为否定意义，且imagine的主语为第一人称时，要否定主句的谓语动词，即否定的转移，与think，believe，suppose，expect的用法相同
(2)imagination n.想象，想象力
(3)imaginable adj.想象得到的，可想象的
③I don’t imagine (that) they’ll refuse，will they
我认为他们不会拒绝，是不是？
牛刀小试
I was born in China and have been living here.I can’t imagine________anywhere but China.
A．work B．working
C．to work D．having worked
解析：选B。句意：“我生在中国并且一直在中国生活，简直无法想象在中国以外的地方生活。”imagine doing想象做……。
7 When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.
回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历，我觉得自己能够帮助别人，做一些值得做的事情，这是非常幸运的。
品味经典
①I keep thinking back to the day I arrived here.
我不断回想起刚到这儿那一天的情景。
自我探究
think back to是固定短语，意为回想，追忆。
归纳拓展
②Can anybody think of a way to raise money
谁能想出个集资的办法？
③He’d like to think things over.
他希望把情况考虑周详。
牛刀小试
用think的短语填空
(1)I have never________becoming an actor.
(2)I don’t________that new restaurant.
(3)When I________the exciting scene，I can’t help crying.
(4)What do you________the new manager
答案：(1)thought of (2)think highly of (3)think back to
(4)think of
8...，but I’m proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference to people’s lives.
……但我很自豪，因为我能到处给人提供帮助，对改变人们的生活多少起一些作用。
品味经典
①Changing schools made a big difference to my life.
转学对我的一生有着重大影响。
自我探究
make a difference to sb./sth.意为对……有作用，有影响。
归纳拓展
牛刀小试
(1)(2011年大连模拟)It doesn’t make any ______ me whether you go or stay.
A．different about B．different to
C．difference to D．differences to
解析：选C。doesn’t make any difference to sb.＝make no difference to sb.对某人没有影响。
(2)Everyone fails now and then.It is how you react that makes a ________ in life.
A．development B．point
C．progress D．difference
解析：选D。此题考查名词词义辨析。development发展，开发；point点，要点；progress进步，进展；difference不同，差别。make a difference有影响，紧要。句意：每个人都时而会失败。怎样对待这些失败才是生活中真正重要的事情。
(3)What difference will it ________ whether he knows or not
A．make B．be made
C．to be made D．be making
解析：选A。句意：他知不知道有什么不同吗？make a difference有影响或不同，为固定搭配。
9 There is not enough money to pay the wages of more than one teacher in a village.
在农村没有足够的钱去支付不止一位教师的工资。
品味经典
①There is more than one fast food restaurant around the school.在学校附近的快餐店不止一家。
自我探究
more than one意为不只一个，修饰句子的主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数。
句型巧析
归纳拓展
②Bamboo is used for more than building.
竹子不仅仅用于建筑。
③Her performance was more than good；it was perfect.
她的表演不仅是好，而是完美。
牛刀小试
(1)—Do you need any help，Lucy
—Yes.The job is ________ I could do myself.
A．less than B．more than
C．no more than D．not more than
解析：选B。句意：——你需要帮忙吗？露西？——需要，这项工作我自己做不了。A少于；B多于，超过；C仅仅；D不多于。
(2)China Daily is ________ a newspaper.It helps to improve our English.
A．no more than B．indeed
C．nothing but D．more than
解析：选D。more than与名词连用，意思是“不只是，不仅仅是”。句意：《中国日报》不只是一份报纸。它帮助我们提高英语。
(3)Einstein was ________ a great scientist.He did a lot for human rights and progress.
A．no more than B．not more than
C．more than D．as much as
解析：选C。此题考查more than相关的用法。句意：爱因斯坦不只是个伟大的科学家。他还为人类的权利和进步做了好多工作。more than意为“不仅仅是，不只是”；no more than意为“仅仅”；not more than意为“至多；不超过”；as much as意为“多达”，故选C。
(4)She ate ________ a piece of bread for breakfast，for she worried about her result of the examination.
A．no more than B．not more than
C．more than D．many
解析：选A。句意：由于她担心考试结果，她早饭仅仅吃了一块面包。no more than意为“仅仅；只不过”；not more than意为“至多”；more than意为“不止”，故选A。
(5)He has made ______ progress this year than last year.
A．many more B．much more
C．once more D．more or less
解析：选B。句意：与去年相比，他今年取得了很大进步。make progress取得进步，其中progress为不可数名词应用much来修饰。
10 There is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.
到处都是泥浆和水，这使得此地到彼地的行程变得困难。
品味经典
①He dropped the glass onto the ground，breaking it into pieces.
他把玻璃杯掉到地上，结果摔碎了。
②Football is being played in more than 180 countries，making it popular all over the world.
一百八十多个国家的人们踢足球，使得足球在全世界很流行。
自我探究
在上面的例句中，breaking it into pieces和making it popular all over the world都作结果状语，与句子的主干之间存在逻辑上的因果关系，往往带有必然性。
归纳拓展
③He came back home only to find a cat in the kitchen.
他回到家，发现厨房里有只猫。
牛刀小试
(1)(2010年高考江苏卷)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，________the students to return to their classrooms.
A．enabling B．having enabled
C．to enable D．to have enabled
解析：选A。考查非谓语形式。句意：这位退休老人把他大部分的积蓄捐赠给了在玉树地震中被毁坏的那所学校，使学生得以重返教室。此处是v. ing分词短语作结果状语。
(2)(2010年高考天津卷)It rained heavily in the south，________serious flooding in several provinces.
A．caused B．having caused
C．causing D．to cause
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：南方下了大雨，给几个省造成了严重的洪涝灾害。cause与其逻辑语语之间是主谓关系，故应用现在分词短语作结果状语。
Changing the world
—my commitment
20 October
Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.Have not had time to write my diary for a whole week.The whole island is flooded.Many of the people have fled to the mountains to escape.The hospital is badly damaged and in a mess；it cannot be used at the moment.This is a
译文助读
new experience for me.Usually，I am working in areas that have dry climates，such as Kenya and Sudan.In Sudan，we set up centres to ensure that people got food，and we checked the health of babies to make sure they were putting on weight.We also gave children shots to stop them dying from diseases.However，that campaign was conducted in villages where there was lots of
fighting，far from the city.Running from one place to another became a way of life.The situation is very different here，as are the problems.Instead of sand blowing everywhere，there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.
Yesterday，my colleagues on the medical team and I (two doctors，one nurse—me—and two assistants)found a vacant health centre on the north side of the town.We are going to set up a temporary clinic there.
Medical supplies are now on their way from abroad.We have started to clean the health centre.One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.Small injuries also need to be taken care of，especially as it is so muddy and damp.The majority of
wounds are from walls and roofs that have fallen on people.The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easy for bacteria to spread.Meanwhile，in the rest of the city，shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.The fields and harvest have been destroyed，and so a lack of food will be a problem in the future.
Food has started to arrive，but this is a problem as people have started to worry that they will not get enough.This morning，there were fights as crowds of people tried to get food.It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.
One good thing here is that many people can speak English or French.This makes it easier to communicate and find out about people’s problems.When you can’t speak the same language，it is sometimes very difficult to find out what is wrong with someone.However，my acting skills are very good，so I can still communicate with people，even when there is a language barrier and no interpreter around.It seems that many people here just need to talk，so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.It is also being a person who can listen to and comfort others.
It is quite horrible to imagine losing everything，including some of your family.Our first job here was to try to organize a place to bury the people who were killed.We needed to do this as soon as possible to stop disease spreading.That was a really horrible job and I felt so sorry for their relatives.
When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.Now I must think about tomorrow.We hope the clinic will be open and then I won’t have any time to write my diary.This experience makes me appreciate all the things I have and gives me the chance to see things from another angle.I know I can’t change the whole world，but I’m proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference to people’s lives.
改变世界——我的义务
10月20日
到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。已经整整一周时间抽不出空闲写日记了。整个岛屿都遭遇了洪水的侵袭，许多人为躲避洪水都逃到山上。医院严重被毁，已是一片狼籍，完全无法使用了。这一切对我来说是一个全然不同的体验。通常情况下，我都是在那些缺水的地区工作，如肯尼亚和苏丹。在苏丹，我们设立馈给站，确保人们能
够得到食物；我们还检查婴儿的健康状况，确保婴儿的体重在增加。我们还做一个接种宣传活动，不再让儿童死于疾病。遗憾的是，这个活动是在远离城市的乡村进行的，那儿战乱频繁。展转奔波已经成了家常便饭。因此，这里的情形就完全不一样了，所存在的问题也不一样。这里没有沙尘飞扬，到处都是泥浆和水，让此地到彼地的行程变得很困难。
昨天，医疗队里我的同事和我(两名医生，作为护士的我，还有两名助手)在城市的北面发现了一个空旷的医疗中心。我们准备在那里设立一个临时诊所，来自海外的医疗设备和药品正在运输途中。我们已经开始清理这个医疗中心。影响到健康的问题之一是，那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的洪灾后很难得到药品，轻微伤口也需要予以处治，特别是在这样潮湿的情况下。大多数病人
的伤口是由于墙壁和屋顶坍塌所导致的。洪水使得伤口难以愈合，细菌容易扩散。同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所以及食物和干净水的供给都成了大问题。土地和庄稼都毁了，所以，缺乏食物会成为未来的一个问题。
食品已经开始陆续到达，但有一个问题，因为人们开始担心自己是否能够得到足够的食品。今天上午，人们由于争抢食品发生了好几次打斗。这使我想起了自己在苏丹所呆的那段时间，当时有好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员由于人们哄抢食品而受到了攻击。
在这里有一个优势，很多人都会说英语或法语。这让彼此之间的交流变得容易多了，也易于了解他们的各种问题。当你和当地人不能说同一种语言时，你就很难弄清对方的问题。不过，我有很好的表演技巧，所以，即使在有语言障碍的情况下我还是能够同当地人进行交流。在这里，很多人似乎就是要和你交谈，所以，我发现我的工作不仅仅是做护士了，我还是一个聆听别人倾诉和安慰别人的人。
想像失去一切，甚至包括一些你的家人，是非常可怕的事情。我们到这里做的第一件事就是为那些被杀害的人建一个墓地。我们需要尽快掩埋那些尸体，以阻止疾病的蔓延和传播。这真是一件非常可怕的工作，我为那些死者的亲属感到非常难过。
回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历，我觉得自己能够帮助别人，做一些值
得做的事情，这是非常幸运的。现在，我得考虑明天的事了。诊所有望明天开门，到那时我就没有时间记日记了。这里的经历让我珍惜我所拥有的一切，给了我一个从另外一个角度看事物的机会。我知道，作为个人我不能彻底改变世界，但我很自豪，因为我能到处给人多多少少提供一些帮助，在个人的层面上去改变人们的生活。
【写作要求】
阅读下面这封中学生来信
Dear Editor，
I am a new student at Haining Hongda Senior High School.My home is far from Haining，so I must live at school.This is the first time for me to get away from my parents.I feel very sad.When I left home，I couldn’t help tearing myself away from them.I do not want to be alone at school，
写作专题突破
and I am a shy girl.I have been crying in bed at night these days.I want to stay at home forever.I miss my parents very much.Could you tell me what to do
Your early reply is expected.
Regards
Amy
请根据以上内容，写一封回信(信的开头已为你写好，词数120左右)。
回信应包括如下要点；
1．鼓励Amy坚定求学信心，志存高远，四海为家。
2．就Amy目前的状况，提两到三个建议。
Dear Amy，
Thank you for your letter.I am so glad to have a talk about your present situation with you.________________________________________________________________________
【要点词汇】
1．第一次________________
2．和……一起生活________________
3．交朋友________________
4．和某人分享……________________
5．积极参加……________________
答案：1.the first time/for the first time
2．live with...
3．make friends
4．share sth.with sb.
5．take an active part in/participate in...actively
【句式结构】
1．很多人确实为了高等教育或者就业不得不离开家。
Most people do have to____________________higher education or employment.
2．我觉得你应该意识到目前的分离有助于你学业的发展和你个人能力的提升。
I think you__________________that present separation will help your academic development and__________________________.
3．我建议你通过积极参加学校各种各样的活动使自己过得愉快。
I suggest you enjoy yourself__________________________in school.
答案：1.leave home for
2．should realize；your improvement of personal ability
3．by taking an active part in different kinds of activities
【连句成篇】
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Dear Amy，
Thank you for your letter.I am so glad to have a talk about your present situation with you.
People often miss their parents the first time they leave home.Most people do have to leave home for higher education or employment.You cannot live with your parents forever.I think you should realize that present separation will help your academic development and your improvement of personal ability.
You need to make friends on your school campus，sharing ideas with your classmates who are physically closest to you now.Maybe you will still miss your parents，but your new friends will bring you happiness and joy to your new life.Also I suggest you enjoy yourself by taking an active part in different kinds of activities in school.You will get much pleasure from it.
Wish you happy every day.
Faithfully yours，
×××
【类文点津】
1．本文是一篇应用文——书信。写作时要注意书信的格式，同时称呼、结束语、签名要齐全。
2．本文的最佳时态应为一般现在时，人称应以第二人称为主。
3．信的正文首先要回应Amy的来信。然后就其信中反映的情况做出回答。
4．写作时注意层次要明确，语气要委婉，建议要中肯。
5．英语中常用的提建议的八种方式：
(1)用Shall we...？在表示建议或征求对方意见时，可用以shall开头的一般疑问句。其肯定回答一般可用：All right，OK，Good idea等。
(2)用Let’s...？表示“让我们(包括双方在内)做某事”而Let us在表示让我们做某事时，不包括对方在内。如：Let’s go and see the pandas.Let us go，will you
(3)用Why not...？意思是：为什么不……？后接不带to的不定式(即动词原形)。Why not...？是省略了主语的省略形式，完整句为Why don’t you/they/we...？如：Why don’t you go with me？Why don’t you try again？＝Why not try again
(4)用What about...？意为“……怎么样？”后可接名词、代词和动名词。如：What about going out for a walk？I’m going to the park.What about you
(5)用had better，意为“最好”“还是……好”，常用于口语，后接动词原形。如：You had better stay at home.You’d better go now.
(6)用Don’t...来表示建议，通常用于祈使句的否定形式中。Don’t play in the street.Don’t throw it like that.
(7)Would you like＋短语？这个句型意思是“……怎么样？”后接sth.或to do sth.。Would you like another cup of tea？Would you like some colour pencils
(8)Will you please＋动词原形？它的意思是“请你……好吗？”Will you please come tomorrow？Will you please pick it up
速效提能演练
词语串串练
Li Mei is a girl who has just graduated from a university.Recently she read a report，which gave a detailed ①description of people living in ②poverty in west China.It hasn’t been raining for half a year.Most people ③suffered from ④lack of food and water.Some old men and the weak even ⑤starved to death.It ⑥reminded her of her hometown.She was also brought up in a ⑦mountainous village.She decided to go there to see and ⑧assist them by herself.
On her arrival there，she found many people were ⑨crowded in a ⑩shelter.The access to food and clean water was a big problems.If they can acquire some water，whether it is clean or not，they will drink without boiling.In addition，most children can not complete primary education.She can hardly imagine
people here living such a hard life.A local farmer told her that they had received a lot of money contributed by the government and people all over the country.But that’s far from enough.She was touched by what she saw and decided to donate something useful for them.She hopes what she did can make a little difference.
李梅是一个刚刚大学毕业的女孩
。最近她读了一则报道，这则报
道详细描述了中国西部生活在贫
困中的人们的生活。这儿已经半
年没下过雨了。大部分人遭受着缺粮缺水的折磨。一些老弱病残的人甚至饿死。这一切让她想起了自己的家乡，她也是在一个山村被抚养长大的。她决定亲自去那里看看并且帮助他们。
一到那儿，她就发现许多人都挤在一间小棚子里。得到食物和水都是大问题。如果他们能得到点儿水，无论干净与否，他们不烧开就会喝。此外，这里的大部分孩子连小学都上不完。她几乎无法想象这儿的人过这么艰苦的生活。一个当地的农民告诉她他们已经收到了政府和全国各地捐助的许多钱，但远远不够。看到这一切她深感震动，决定为他们捐助一些有用的东西。她希望她所做的事能够起点儿作用。
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