Unit
2
Exploring
English
There
are
many
kinds
of
English;
they
are
different
in
their
vocabulary,
grammar,
pronunciation
and
intonation.
These
different
kinds
of
English
developed
from
history,
geography,
politics
and
the
influence
of
other
languages.
Some
of
the
major
kinds
of
English
are
British
English,
American
English,
Canadian
English,
Australian
English,
Indian
English
and
Caribbean(加勒比)
English.
The
English
spoken
in
Africa
is
different
from
country
to
country.
Thus
there
is
Nigerian(尼日利亚)
English,
South
African
English,
Kenyan(肯尼亚)
English
and
so
on.
All
types
of
English
originated
from
the
English
spoken
in
England.
American
English
has
now
replaced
British
English.
This
is
mostly
because
of
the
influence
of
the
United
States
through
the
cinema,
music,
technology
and
trade.
The
most
noticeable
differences
between
American
and
British
English
are
in
spelling,
pronunciation
and
vocabulary.
Many
words
that
end
in
?our
in
British
English
end
in
?or
in
American
English.
Words
ending
in
?se
are
British
English
while
their
American
ones
end
in
?ze.
Some
vocabulary
items,
too,
are
different.
There
are
also
many
differences
in
expressions.
The
Americans
would
say
“I
just
ate”
as
opposed
to
“I've
just
eaten”
in
British
English.
In
American
English,
Mary
is
“on
the
team”，
while
in
British
English,
Mary
is
“in
the
team”．
开启快乐学习之旅
英语是一种使用很广泛的语言。因为区域不同，各地的英语也或多或少地存在着差异。
[知识点击]
1．intonation
n．语调；声调
2．influence
n．影响；感化
3．originate
n．发源；开始
4．noticeable
adj.显而易见的；值得注意的
5．vocabulary
n．词汇；词汇量
模块核心素养导航
第一课时 Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．title
(n.)
题目，标题
2．ham
(n.)火腿
3．opposing
(adj.)相反的，对立的
4．unique
(adj.)独一无二的，独特的
5．alarm
(n.)警报器，闹钟
6．visible
(adj.)
看得见的，可见的
7．sculpt
(v.)雕刻，雕塑→sculpture
(n.)雕刻作品，雕像
8．harmless
(adj.)无害的，不致伤的→harm
(n.&
v．)危害，伤害
9．behavior
(n.)举止，行为→behave
(v.)表现，举止端正
10．confusing
(adj.)令人困惑的→confused
(adj.)糊涂的，使人困惑的→confuse
(v.)使困惑，使混乱
11．reflect
(v.)显示，反应→reflection
(n.)反应，思考
12．creativity
(n.)创造性；创造力→creative
(adj.)创造(性)的
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．have
trouble
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
2．for
example
例如
3．fill
in
填写，填补
4．烧毁，烧尽
burn
up
5．烧毁
burn
down
6．给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
wind
up
Ⅲ.语篇理解
Step
Ⅰ.Read
the
text
and
choose
the
best
answers.
1．When
did
the
author
realize
English
can
be
difficult?
A．His
son
was
5
years
old.
B．His
son
asked
him
if
a
hamburger
has
a
ham.
C．He
had
a
hamburger.
D．People
asked
him
why
people
often
have
trouble
learning
English.
答案：B
2．Why
does
the
author
give
several
examples
in
Paragraph
two?
A．To
show
the
difference
between
painting
and
photo.
B．To
complain
the
difference
between
homework
and
housework.
C．To
tell
us
English
can
be
difficult
to
learn.
D．To
tell
us
we
don't
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home.
答案：C
3．How
does
the
author
show
his
idea?
A．By
examples.
B．By
facts.
C．By
numbers.
D．By
explaining.
答案：A
4．According
to
the
passage,
which
is
not
mentioned?
A．Food.
B．Fruit.
C．Words.
D．Books.
答案：D
5．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．Similar
words
have
different
meanings.
B．English
was
invented
by
computer.
C．English
is
hard
to
learn.
D．There
are
many
puzzling
words
in
English.
答案：C
Step
Ⅱ.Decide
whether
the
following
sentences
are
true
or
false.
1．There
is
ham
in
a
hamburger.( F )
2．Homework
and
housework
are
the
same
thing.( F )
3．Hardly
isn't
the
opposite
of
softly.( T )
4．When
we
see
sunshine,
we
can
say
“It's
sunshining.”( F )
5．English
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.( T )
Step
Ⅲ.Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
I
hadn't
ever
asked
myself
why
people
often
have
trouble
1.learning
(learn)
English
2.until
one
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
ham
in
a
hamburger.
This
made
me
realize
that
there's
no
egg
in
eggplant
3.either.
Neither
is
there
pine
4.nor
apple
on
pineapple.
This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
For
example,
we
can
get
seasick
at
sea,
airsick
in
the
air
and
carsick
in
a
car,
5.but
we
can't
be
homesick
when
we
get
back
home.
And
speaking
of
home,
homework
and
housework
aren't
6.the
same
thing.
Even
the
smallest
of
words
can
be
7.confusing
(confuse).
When
you
see
the
capitalized
“WHO”
in
a
medical
report,
you
may
read
it
as
the
“who”
in
“Who's
that？”
What
about
“IT”
and
“US”？
English
8.was
invented
(invent)
by
people,
not
computers,
and
it
reflects
the
9.creativity
(creative)
of
the
human
race.
That
is
10.why
when
the
stars
are
out,
they
are
visible,
but
when
the
lights
are
out,
they
are
invisible.
1
①Water
is
the
opposing
force
to
fire.
水火不相容。
②They
challenge
us
with
opposing
views.
他们同我们唱对台戏。
[归纳拓展]
(1)oppose
vt.反对，反抗
oppose(sb.)
doing
sth.反对(某人)做某事(强调动作)
(2)opposed
adj.反对的；对立的
be
opposed
to(to为介词)反对……
①We
oppose
settling
the
dispute
of
South
China
Sea
by
force.
我们反对武力解决南海争端。
②The
father
is
opposed
to
his
son's
marriage.
父亲反对儿子的婚事。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Was
it
necessary
to
oppose
such
a
government?
这样的政府有必要反对吗？
②I
do
not
oppose
listening
to
your
story
again.
我不反对再听一次你的故事。
单句语法填空
③At
our
planning
meeting
we
heard
two
opposing
(oppose)
opinions.
④Most
of
the
students
opposed
having
(have)
classes
on
Sundays.
2
①Her
behavior
to
Mr
Rushworth
was
careless
and
cold.
她对罗什渥兹先生漠不关心，态度冷淡。
②The
boy
was
well?behaved
at
the
banquet
and
everyone
praised
his
proper
behavior.
那个男孩在宴会中表现很好，每个人都表扬他举止得体。
[归纳拓展]
behave
vi.举动，表现；运转；开动
behave
oneself
举止得体；检点；守规矩
well?behaved/badly?behaved
举止文雅的/不雅的；表现好的/差的
①All
her
friends
think
she
behaves
finely.
她的所有朋友都认为她行为端正。
②He
behaved
himself
like
a
man.
他表现得像个男人。
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①I
felt
embarrassed
with
his
rude
behavior
(粗鲁的行为)
at
the
party.
②Every
person
should
behave
well
(举止文雅)
in
public.
3
①What
they
told
me
is
confusing.
他们告诉我的事把我弄糊涂了。
②However
some
advertising
can
be
confusing
or
misleading.
然而，一些广告可能会使人迷惑或产生误导。
[归纳拓展]
(1)confused
adj.(人)不知所措的；困惑的
be
confused
about...对……感到困惑
Most
students
are
confused
about
the
confusing
problem.
很多学生对这个令人困惑的问题感到困惑。
(2)confuse
vt.使困惑，使混乱
It
is
important
to
explain
this
again
or
we
will
confuse
the
students.
再次对此做出解释是很重要的，否则我们会让学生感到迷惑的。
(3)confusion
n．混乱，困惑
[巧学助记]
语境巧记confuse
From
his
confused
expression,
the
student
is
confused
about
the
confusing
problem.
从他困惑的表情看，这个学生对这个令人困惑的问题感到困惑。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①She
always
confuses
John
with
his
twin
brother.
她总是分不清楚约翰和他的孪生兄弟。
②Someone
has
confused
all
his
papers
on
his
desk,
and
he
was
annoyed
with
the
confusion.
有人把他桌上的文件弄乱了，他对这一片混乱感到恼怒。
③The
situation
is
confusing
to
all
of
us.
这种形势使我们大家都感到迷惑。
④They
were
confused
about
the
present
situation.
他们对当前的形势感到困惑。
4
As
a
writer
he
has
his
unique
style.
作为作家，他有自己独特的风格。
[巧学助记]
It's
a
unique
tradition
to
paste
couplets
in
China.
贴对联是中国独有的传统。
[归纳拓展]
be
unique
to是……特有的/独有的
This
is
a
problem
unique
to
that
family.
这是那个家庭独有的问题。
[即时巩固]
翻译句子
①It's
a
unique
work
of
art.
这是独一无二的艺术作品。
②He's
caught
the
unique
opportunity.
他抓住了那唯一的机会。
③这种风俗是那个国家特有的。
The
custom
is
unique
to
that
country.
5
(1)n.闹铃，警报，惊恐
①One
day,
I
forgot
to
turn
off
the
alarm.
有一天，我忘记了关闹钟。
②When
the
fire
broke
out,
the
brave
woman
sounded
the
alarm.
当火灾发生时，这位勇敢的女士发出了警报。
③The
doctor
said
there
was
no
cause
for
alarm.
医生说不必恐慌。
(2)vt.使惊恐；给(门等)安装警报器
I
don't
want
to
alarm
you
but
it
is
very
serious.
我不想吓唬你，但这事的确很严重。
[归纳拓展]
(1)sound/give/raise
the
alarm发出警报
in
alarm惊恐地
(2)alarmed
adj.害怕的；惊恐的
be
alarmed
at/by被……吓一跳
be
alarmed
to
do
sth.做……感到恐慌
(3)alarming
adj.令人害怕的
①Everybody
was
alarmed
at
the
news
that
war
might
break
out.
每个人听了战争可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。
②I
was
alarmed
to
see
a
man
was
carrying
a
gun.
看到一个人带着枪，我感到很惊恐。
[巧学助记]
The
alarm
went
off，and
people
ran
out
in
alarm.
警报响了，人们惊慌地跑了出去。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①“What's
up？”
he
asked
in
alarm.
“出什么事了？”他惊恐地问道。
②Alarmed
by
the
noise,
the
child
began
to
cry.
那声音把小孩吓哭了。
③The
news
of
the
radiation
leak
caused
widespread
public
alarm.
辐射泄露的消息引起了公众的普遍恐慌。
6
①Technology's
impact
on
the
past
decade
was
reflected
in
the
list.
技术对过去十年的影响也在榜单中得到了体现。
②The
monster's
awful
face
was
reflected
in
the
mirror.
怪物可怕的脸映照在镜子中。
③After
reflecting
for
a
time
on
the
problem，he
decided
not
to
go.
仔细考虑过这个问题后，他决定不去了。
[归纳拓展]
(1)reflect
on/upon/over仔细想，考虑，反省
reflect
that...思考……
(2)reflection
n．反映，反射；映像，倒影；沉思，反省，思考
be
lost
in
reflection陷入沉思
on/upon
reflection经再三思考
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①The
hills
are
reflected
in
the
water.
群山倒映在水中。
②He
reflected
on
his
past
mistakes.
他反省了过去的错误。
1
①Because
of
the
heavy
snow,
the
flight
had
trouble
(in)
flying,
and
was
delayed.
由于大雪，班机很难飞行，被耽搁了。
②We
have
different
dialects,
so
we
have
trouble
(in)
understanding
each
other.
我们方言不同，因此我们理解彼此有困难。
[归纳拓展]
have
some
trouble
with
sth.有麻烦，有困难
I
am
having
some
trouble
with
my
classmates
at
the
moment.
目前，我和同学们之间(相处)有些麻烦。
注意：have
trouble
with
sth./(in)
doing
sth.中，trouble也可换为difficulty,
a
hard
time等。
[即时巩固]
翻译句子
①你学习英语有困难吗？
Do
you
have
any
trouble
with
your
English
study?
②她费了好大的劲才通过驾照考试。
She
had
much
trouble
(in)
passing
the
driving
test.
单句语法填空
③(上海高考改编)When
Peter
speaks
in
public,
he
always
has
trouble
(in)
thinking
(think)of
the
right
things
to
say.
解析：本题考查have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.结构。
④You
can't
imagine
what
difficulty
we
had
(in)
walking
(walk)
home
in
the
snowstorm.
解析：句意：您想象不到我们在暴风雪中走回家有多困难。本题考查have
difficulty
(in)doing
sth.结构。名词difficulty充当先行词，其后为定语从句，关系代词that/which省略了。
2
①This
machine
will
burn
up
if
overused.
这个机器如果过度使用就会烧毁。
②All
his
books
were
burned
up
in
the
fire.
他所有的书都在这场火灾中被焚毁。
[归纳拓展]
burn
down(建筑物)(被)烧毁
①The
school
building
was
burned
down
in
that
big
fire.
在那场大火中，学校大楼被烧毁。
②The
house
burned
down
in
1985.
那房子在1985年烧毁了。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①The
spaceship
burned
up
as
it
entered
the
earth's
atmosphere.
宇宙飞船进入地球大气层时被烧毁。
②The
whole
village
was
burned
down
by
the
enemy.
整个村子都被敌人烧毁了。
3
①In
order
to
catch
the
train,
she
got
up
early
this
morning.
为了赶上火车，今天早上她起床很早。
②We
told
a
white
lie
to
her
in
order
not
to
upset
her.
为了不让她难过，我们向她撒了一个善意的谎言。
[归纳拓展]
为了……
The
foreigner
spoke
slowly
so
that
the
listeners
could
catch
him
entirely.
这个外国人说得很慢，以便于听者能完全明白他的意思。
[名师点拨]
in
order
to“为了……”，表目的，后接动词原形，可位于句首或句中，相当于so
as
to,
但后者不能位于句首。其否定形式为in
order
not
to/so
as
not
to。
in
order
that相当于so
that,
用来引导目的状语从句，句中常用情态动词can,
may,
could，might等。
They
worked
hard
pass
the
exam.
他们努力学习，以便能够通过考试。
[即时巩固]
用in
order
to,
so
as
to,
in
order
that或so
that填空
①In
order
to
get
more
money,
he
had
to
work
all
night
long.
②I
travel
around
China
in
order
to/so
as
to
cover
the
major
events.
③He
turned
up
the
radio
so
that/in
order
that
everyone
could
hear
the
news.
句型转换
④I
set
out
early
in
order
that
I
could
be
the
first
person
to
arrive
there.
＝I
set
out
early
in
order
to
be
the
first
person
to
arrive
there.
＝I
set
out
early
so
as
to
be
the
first
person
to
arrive
there.
＝I
set
out
early
so
that
I
could
be
the
first
person
to
arrive
there.
1
I
hadn't，
until
one
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
ham
in
a
hamburger.
直到一天我五岁的儿子问我汉堡包里有没有火腿时，我才问自己。
[句式分析]
该句使用了not/never...until...句式，意为“直到……才……”。该句式中的主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。
①—Was
his
father
strict
with
him
when
he
was
at
school?
——他在上学时，他父亲对他要求严格吗？
—Yes.
His
father
had
never
praised
him
until
he
became
one
of
the
top
students
in
his
grade.
——是的，直到他成为年级中拔尖的学生他父亲才表扬他。
②He'll
never
give
up
until
his
life
comes
to
end.
他直到死才会放弃。(他永不放弃，直到生命结束。)
③We
usually
don't
have
supper
until
my
husband
comes
back.
我们通常直到我丈夫回来才吃晚饭。
注意：当not
until引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。
Not
until
I
finished
my
work
did
I
go
home
yesterday.
昨天我直到干完工作才回家。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①He
didn't
go
to
bed
until
he
finished
his
homework.
解析：本题考查not...until句式。句意：直到完成作业他才上床去睡觉。
②(江苏高考改编)Not
until
recently
did
they
encourage
the
development
of
tourist?related
activities
in
the
rural
areas.
解析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not...until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。
[句式分析]
本句中含有neither...nor...结构。
(1)neither...nor...既不……也不……，用来连接两个并列成分。如果连接的是两个并列主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”，即与最近的主语的单复数保持一致。
Neither
my
parents
nor
I
was
there.
我父母和我都不在那儿。
(2)neither...nor...可连接两个平行结构。连接两个分句时，两个分句都需倒装。
Neither
do
I
want
to
know
it,
nor
do
I
care
about
it.
我既不想知道这件事，也不关心这件事。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①She'd
lived
in
London
and
Manchester，but
she
liked
neither
and
moved
to
Cambridge.
解析：句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过，但是她不喜欢这两座城市，然后搬到剑桥了。本题考查代词。由表示转折的连词but
可知该空表示否定的意思，前面提到两座城市，所以填neither。
②Neither
he
nor
I
am
(be)the
right
person
for
the
post
at
present.
解析：句意：他和我目前都不是那个职位的合适人选。考查主谓一致。neither...nor...连接两个名词或者代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”的原则，根据I可知系动词be用am。
[句式分析]
What/How
about...?
意为“……怎么样？”用于提出建议。
What
about
going
to
the
movies
this
evening?
今晚去看电影怎么样？
[归纳拓展]
除了What
about...?
这一句型，英语中还有很多说法：
“Would
you
like...？”
“What
do
you
think
of...？”
“How
do
you
like
/find...？”
Would
you
like
me
to
bring
some
food
to
the
party?
我要不要带些食品来参加聚会？
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
How
about
the
two
of
us
taking
(take)
a
walk
down
the
garden?
解析：此处作介词about的宾语。
4
That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，
they
are
visible，
but
when
the
lights
are
out，
they
are
invisible.
那就是为什么当星星出现时，可以看得见它们，当光出现时，看不见它们。
[句式分析]
That
is
why...这就是为什么……
在该句型中，why引导表语从句，其中That有时也可用This替换。
①In
fact,
that
is
why
I'm
here
to
see
you.
事实上，这是我来见你的原因。
②That's
why
he
dislikes
me.
这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
③That's
why
he
was
late.
那就是他迟到的原因。
[归纳拓展]
(1)This/That
is
because....这是/那是因为……
This/That
is
why...这就是/那就是为什么……
①It
rained
hard.That
was
why
he
was
late.
雨下得很大。这就是为什么他来晚了。
②He
was
late.That
was
because
it
rained
hard.
他来晚了。那是因为下大雨了。
(2)表原因的短语：because
of...因为……
Because
of
his
wife
being
there,
I
said
nothing
about
it.
因为他的妻子在场，我便没提这件事。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①He
walked
slowly
because
of
his
bad
leg.
②About
seventy?one
percent
of
its
surface
is
covered
by
water.This
is
why
the
earth
looks
blue
from
space.
句型转换
③He
was
late
for
class,
because
he
had
missed
the
first
bus.
＝He
missed
the
first
bus.That
was
why
he
was
late
for
class.
＝He
was
late
for
class.
That
was
because
he
had
missed
the
first
bus.
＝Because
of
his
missing
the
first
bus，he
was
late
for
class.
5
The
word
“pineapple”
developed
from
the
Spanish
word
“pina”，
which
means
pine
cone.
pineapple这个单词是由西班牙的pina演变过来的，pine是松果的意思。
[句式分析]
本句中which
means
pine
cone是一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。
The
house,
which
has
a
lovely
garden,
was
bought
last
year.
那座带有一个漂亮花园的房子是去年买的。
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句
(1)非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质，是对所修饰的内容作附加说明。它与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那么密切，通常用逗号将它与先行词分开。
①All
the
books，which
had
pictures
in
them，were
sent
to
the
little
girl.(非限制性定语从句)
所有的书都寄给了那个小女孩，书里面有插图。
②All
the
books
that
had
pictures
in
them
were
sent
to
the
little
girl.
所有含插图的书都寄给了那个小女孩。(限制性定语从句)
(2)由which引导的非限制性定语从句，所修饰的内容是指物的，which在从句中作主语或宾语。
I
passed
him
a
large
glass
of
whisky，which
was
drunk
immediately.
我递给他一大杯威士忌，很快就被喝完了。
注意：which
引导的非限制性定语从句一般修饰名词或代词。但有时也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
Her
sister
has
become
a
lawyer,
which
she
wanted
to
be.
解析：which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰a
lawyer(律师)。
6
The
origin
of
“hamburger”
was
a
hard
beef
steak
called
“Hamburg
steak”，
eaten
without
bread.
hamburger源自于一种叫作Hamburg
steak的硬牛排，吃得时候没有面包。
[句式分析]
本句出现了过去分词作后置定语的现象。过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成或被动。
①We
are
going
to
visit
the
bridge
built
hundreds
of
years
ago.
＝We
are
going
to
visit
the
bridge
which/that
was
built
hundreds
of
years
ago.
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
②Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
his
old
schoolmates.
应邀参加晚会的大多数人是他的老校友。
[巧学助记]
[归纳拓展]
developed
countries
发达国家
developing
countries
发展中国家
fallen
leaves
落叶
falling
leaves
正飘落的叶子
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①I
borrowed
a
book
written
by
Mark
Twain
from
the
library.
我从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
②French
is
one
of
the
major
languages
used
at
international
meetings.
法语是国际会议上被使用的主要语言之一。
单句语法填空
③After
completing
and
signing
it,
please
return
the
form
to
us
in
the
envelope
provided
(provide)．
解析：句意：完成表格并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间为被动关系，作后置定语，相当于which
is
provided。
[句式分析]
本句中used
to
do表示“过去常常做……”。
①He
used
to
smoke.
他过去常常抽烟。
②There
used
to
be
low
and
dirty
houses.
那里曾是些又矮又脏的房舍。
注意：used
to的疑问句和否定句要使用助动词did，此时要用原形use；疑问句也可把used提前，否定句用used
not
to。
—Did
he
use
to
live
in
the
countryside?
——他过去常住在乡下吗？
—Yes,
he
did./No,
he
didn't.
——是的，他常住在乡下。/不，他不常住在乡下。
[易混辨析]
used
to
do
表示过去惯常的动作或常存在的状态，仅用于一般过去时
be
used
to...
表示“习惯于……”，to为介词，后接(动)名词
be
used
to
do
为被动语态，表示“被用来做……”
①Mr
White
used
to
live
in
China,
so
he
is
used
to
Chinese
dishes.
怀特先生过去常住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
②Cloth
is
used
to
make
clothes.
布料被用来做衣服。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①I
used
to
get
(get)
up
early
and
take
exercise，but
I'm
lazy
now.
②I
am
used
to
cleaning
(clean)
the
room.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He
studied
sculpture
(雕塑)
because
he
enjoyed
working
with
clay.
2．I
have
a
friend
who
has
the
opposing
(相反的)
view
of
pessimism.
3．The
behaviors
(行为)
of
the
teacher
have
great
effect
on
the
students.
4．Sorry,
I'm
late.
It's
just
like
this
new
schedule's
totally
confusing
(令人困惑的)．
5．His
poems
were
published
under
the
title
(题目)
of
“Love
and
Reason”．
6．Are
there
fire
alarms
(警报)
fitted
with
emergency
lighting
above
exits?
7．This
statement
reflected
(反映)
his
opinions
about
this
matter.
8．She
was
a
woman
of
unique
(独特的)talent
and
determination.
9．The
house
is
clearly
visible
(看得见的)
from
the
beach.
10．I
regard
creativity
(创造力)
both
as
a
gift
and
as
a
skill.
Ⅱ.选词填空
have
trouble
doing，for
example，burn
down，fill
in，in
order
to，lead
to
1．Great
men
have
often
risen
from
poverty—Lincoln
and
Edison,
for
example.
2．The
house
was
burned
down
and
nothing
was
left.
3．Because
I
can't
put
out
my
arms,
I
have
trouble
doing
my
housework.
4．Excuse
me,
does
this
road
lead
to
the
railway
station?
5．Can
you
help
me
to
fill
in
this
application
form?
6．He
joined
an
English
club
in
order
to
improve
his
oral
English.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I
didn't
go
to
bed
until
my
father
came
back.
直到父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
2．Neither
Jack
nor
I
have
seen
this
film.
杰克和我都没有看过这部电影。
3．What
about
going
out
with
me
tomorrow?
明天和我一起出去怎么样？
4．That
is
why
I
still
remember
those
two
things.
那就是我至今还记得这两样东西的原因。
5．This
is
the
funniest
news
found
on
the
Internet.
这是在互联网上发现的最有趣的新闻。
6．We
used
to
do
morning
exercise
every
week.
我们以前每周早起锻炼。
7．We
don't
like
the
room,
which
is
cold.
我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。
8．It
is
the
classroom
in
which/where
I
have
studied
for
3
years.
这是我学习了3年的教室。
PAGEUnit
2
Exploring
English
第二课时 Using
language
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．type
(n.)
类型，种类
2．unfamiliar
(adj.)
不熟悉的，不了解的
3．contact
(v.)
联系，联络
4．organization
(n.)
组织，团体，机构
5．likely
(adj.)可能的，可能发生的
6．subway
(n.)地铁
7．apartment
(n.)一套住房，公寓套房
8．context
(n.)上下文，语境
9．addition
(n.)增加物，增添物
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．be
made
up
of
由……组成
2．be
different
from
与……不同
3．according
to
根据
4．偶然发现
come
across
5．宁愿，宁可
would
rather
6．超过，多于
more
than
Ⅲ.语法回顾
用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The
Chinese
people
are
very
friendly
(friend)
to
foreigners.
解析：空处应填friend的形容词形式。
2．I
think
it'll
be
sunny
(sun)this
afternoon.
解析：空处应填形容词作表语。
3．David
moved
cautiously
(caution)
forward.
解析：句意：大卫小心翼翼地往前挪。
4．“Thank
you”
is
a
polite
expression
(express)
which
is
widely
used
in
English.
解析：a
polite
expression表示“一种礼貌的表达”。
5．He
bravely
(brave)went
into
the
burning
house
to
rescue
the
baby.
Everybody
present
praised
him
for
his
bravery
(brave)．
解析：第一空用副词修饰动词；第二空前有物主代词his，后面用名词。
6．Nice
to
meet
you,
Tom.
Did
you
have
a
good
flight
(fly)?
解析：形容词后接名词。
7．Too
much
hunting
endangered
(danger)
many
species
in
the
past.
解析：动词作谓语，根据in
the
past可知用一般过去时。
8．Harry
Potter
is
a
boy
who
is
full
of
imagination
(imagine)．
解析：介词后接名词。名词imagination表示“想象力”。
1
(1)n.
①[C]类型；种类
Which
type
of
tea
do
you
prefer?
你喜欢哪种茶？
②[sing.]具有某种特征的人；典型
Men
of
his
type
are
not
to
be
trusted.
像他那一类型的人不可靠。
③字体
In
this
book,
the
headwords
are
in
large
type.
本书里的条目词用大号字体。
(2)v.打字
①If
I
want
to
write
fast,
I
must
learn
to
type.
如果我想写得快，我就得学会打字。
②Please
type
this
letter
for
me.
请替我把这封信打出来。
[易混辨析]
type
表示的“种类”有典型性，多指那些界限非常明确，且有明显类似之处的一类
kind
指性质相同，而且特征很相似，尤指生物学的类属或者种类
sort
普通用词，文体较kind随便，指对人或对事物进行的大概分类，有时含贬义
①There's
all
sorts
of
activities
for
kids
here.
这里有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。
②He
is
clever
at
everything
of
this
kind.
他擅长干这样的事。
[归纳拓展]
(1)typewriter
n．打字机
typist
n．打字员
(2)typical
adj.典型的，一向如此的
It
is
typical
of
sb.
to
do
sth.做某事是某人的特点
It
is
typical
of
the
old
man
to
help
those
in
need.
这位老人就是爱帮助有困难的人。
[巧学助记]
As
an
old
typist,
it
used
to
be
typical
of
him
to
use
this
type
of
typewriter
to
type
articles
very
fast.
作为一位老打字员，过去他总是用这种型号的打字机迅速打文章。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①This
is
a
new
type
of
dictionary,
which
will
be
of
great
help
to
you.
这是一种新型的词典，将会对你很有帮助。
②He
has
had
his
secretary
type
the
report.
他已让他的秘书打印出了这份报告。
2
Have
you
kept
in
contact
with
your
classmates
after
graduation?
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
[归纳拓展]
in
contact
联系/联络；接触；接通
make
contact
with
与……进行来往；与……联系
注意：contact作动词，本身已经含“与……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的with；作名词，则常与with连用，如come
into
contact
with。
[译]明天我和你电话联系。
[正]I'll
contact
you
by
phone
tomorrow.
[误]I'll
contact
with
you
by
phone
tomorrow.
[即时巩固]
完成句子
Two
Indonesians
have
died
of
bird
flu,
apparently
after
contact
with
sick
chickens,
raising
the
number
of
the
dead
to
115
in
the
country.
在与病鸡接触后，两名印度尼西亚人死于禽流感，使得这个国家的死亡人数达到115人。
3
①Train
fares
are
likely
to
remain
unchanged.
火车票价很可能会保持不变。
②It
is
likely
that
the
thieves
don't
know
how
much
it
is
worth.
盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。
[归纳拓展]
be
likely
to
do
sth.可能发生某种情况
It's
likely
that...＝sb.
be
likely
to
do...做某事是可能的
not
likely
不见得；不大可能
[易混辨析]
likely
指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语
It
is
likely
that...或sb./sth.
is
likely
to...
possible
指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语
It
is
possible
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.或It
is
possible
that...
probable
可能性比possible大，可能“很可能，十有八九”。也不能用人作主语
It's
probable
that...，不能用于It's
probable
for
sb.
to
do
sth.这一结构
[巧学助记]
[即时巩固]
一句多译
他在2019年有可能再创造世界纪录。
①It
is
possible
for
him
to
set
a
world
record
again
in
2019.
②It
is
likely/possible/probable
that
he
will
set
a
world
record
again
in
2019.
单句语法填空
③A
great
decline
in
young
work
force
is
likely
to
occur
in
China,
for
instance.
④He
was
likely
to
win
the
100?meter
race,
but
he
got
injured
accidentally
while
running.
1
①When
walking
down
the
street，I
came
across
David.
当我走在大街上的时候我偶然遇见了大卫。
②Don't
refer
to
a
dictionary
every
time
you
come
across
an
unknown
word.
不要每次遇到不认识的单词就查词典。
[归纳拓展]
come
across
被理解；被弄懂
come
about
发生
come
on
加油；过来
come
out
长出来；出版；结果是
come
to
达到；谈到
When
it
comes
to
...
当谈及……时
come
up
(太阳)升起；发生；被提及
come
up
with
sth.找到/提出某事(物)
①Your
speech
came
across
very
well.
你的讲话很成功。
②Can
you
explain
how
it
came
about
that
you
were
an
hour
late?
你怎么会迟到一个钟头，对此你能做出什么解释呢？
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①He
spoke
for
a
long
time
but
his
meaning
did
not
come
across.
他讲了很久，但没把意思讲明白。
②How
did
it
come
about?
它是怎么发生的呢？
③When
it
comes
to
the
Internet,
he
is
always
excited.
当谈及因特网时，他总是很兴奋。
单句语法填空
④Is
this
your
necklace,
Mary?
I
came
across
it
when
I
was
cleaning
the
bathroom
this
morning.
解析：句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我打扫浴室时偶然发现的。come
across“偶遇，偶然发现”，符合句意。
2
A
peace
keeping
team
made
up
of
ten
soldiers
and
an
officer
was
sent
to
the
Ivory
coast.
一支由十名士兵和一名长官组成的维和部队被派往象牙海岸。
注意：make
up用于主动语态时，不用介词of。
Thirty?five
boys
and
twenty?seven
girls
make
up
the
class.
35个男孩和27个女孩组成了这个班。
[归纳拓展]
make
up组成；化妆；整理
make
up
for
补偿；弥补
make
the
most/best
of充分利用
be
made
in
在……生产或制造
be
made
from
由……制成(看不出原材料)
be
made
of以……制作；由……制成(看得出原材料)
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Our
English
textbook
is
made
up
of
five
units.
我们的英语课本由五个单元构成。
②The
actors
were
making
up
when
we
arrived.
当我们到达时，演员们正在化妆。
③That
one
weekend
made
up
for
all
the
disappointments
I'd
had.
那一个周末补偿了我曾有过的一切失望。
3
①I'd
rather
do
“Life
in
the
Future”．
我宁愿做“未来的生活”部分。
②I
would
rather
go
out
tonight,
if
you
don't
mind.
如果你不介意的话，我宁愿今晚出去。
[归纳拓展]
(1)
(2)
would
rather
＋that从句(从句中要用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟)宁愿……
①I
would
rather
have
tea
than
have
coffee.
＝I
would
have
tea
rather
than
have
coffee.
我宁愿喝茶，也不愿喝咖啡。
②He
would
rather
be
poor
than
get
money
by
dishonest
methods.
＝He
would
be
poor
rather
than
get
money
by
dishonest
methods.
他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。
③I'd
rather
you
met
her
at
the
airport
tomorrow
morning.
我宁愿你明天早上能去机场接她。(对将来的虚拟)
④I'd
rather
you
hadn't
told
him
the
news
that
day.
我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。(对过去的虚拟)
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Henry
would
rather
that
his
girlfriend
worked
in
the
same
department
as
he
does.
亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。
②I
would
rather
watch
TV
at
home
than
go
to
the
cinema.
我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
③If
you
would
rather
be
alone,
we'll
all
leave
here.
如果你宁愿独自一人待着，我们就都离开这儿。
单句语法填空
④We
would
rather
our
daughter
stayed
(stay)
at
home
with
us,
but
it
is
her
choice,
and
she
is
not
a
child
any
longer.
4
①I
have
known
David
for
more
than
20
years.
我认识戴维有20多年了。
②Peace
is
much
more
than
the
absence
of
war.
和平不仅仅是没有战争。
③I
am
more
than
glad
to
help
you.
我很乐意帮助你。
[名师点拨]
(1)more...than...表示一个人/物本身的两种特性时，意为“与其说……不如说……；是……而不是……”，肯定前者而否定后者。
(2)“more(...)than＋含can/could的从句”，从句中虽是肯定形式却表示否定的概念，意为“简直不可能”。
①He
is
more
diligent
than
clever.
与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。
②The
beauty
of
the
West
Lake
is
more
than
I
can
describe.
西湖的美丽，我简直难以形容。
[归纳拓展]
no
more
than仅仅；只有
not
more
than不超过；顶多
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①21st
Century
is
more
than
a
newspaper.
It
helps
us
improve
our
English.
解析：句意：《21世纪报》不仅仅是一份报纸，它还帮助我们提高英语水平。more
than“超过；不仅仅”，符合题意。
②—Do
you
need
any
help,
Lucy?
—Yes.
The
job
is
more
than
I
could
do
myself.
解析：句意：“——你需要帮助吗，露西？”“——是的，我自己干不了这项工作。”“more
than＋含can/could的从句”往往表示否定的意义，强调超出某人的能力范围，符合题意。
It
is
impossible
to
know
the
meaning
of
every
word
but
knowing
about
word
formation
can
help
us
guess
the
meaning
of
words.
想记住每个单词的意思是不可能的，但是知道了构词法可以帮助我们猜测单词的意思。
[句式分析]
本句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to
know
the
meaning
of
every
word。
it作形式主语：
在以it作形式主语的句子中，真正的主语可以是动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。
(1)It
is＋adj./n.＋to
do
sth.做某事是……
(2)It
is＋adj.＋for/of
sb.to
do
sth.做某事对于某人来说……
(3)It
is
no
use/good
doing
sth.做某事是没有用的/没有好处的。
(4)It
is＋adj./n.＋从句 做某事是……
(5)It
is
said/reported/believed
that...据说/据报道/人们认为……
①It
is
very
important(for
us)
to
master
a
foreign
language.
(对于我们来说)掌握一门外语很重要。
②It
was
nice
of
them
to
invite
us.
他们真好，邀请了我们。
③It
is
no
use
talking
with
her.
跟她说没有用。
④It
is
a
pity
that
you
missed
the
football
match.
你错过了那场足球赛，真是太遗憾了。
⑤It
was
reported
that
several
people
had
been
arrested.
据报道已有数人被捕。
[名师点拨]
用It
is＋adj.＋for
sb.to
do
sth.还是It
is＋adj.＋of
sb.to
do
sth.，这里有一个简单的判断方法：
在第二个句式中，形容词表示人的品质、性格等，所以可以转换为：sb.
is＋adj.＋to
do
sth.。例如：It
is
careless
of
you
to
make
so
many
mistakes
in
this
exam.可以转化为You
are
careless
to
make
so
many
mistakes
in
this
exam.。
但是，It
is
difficult
for
her
to
finish
the
task
in
such
a
short
period
of
time.则不能转换为She
is
difficult
to
finish
the
task
in
such
a
short
period
of
time.。这是因为difficult这个词不表示人的品质或性格，而是表示做某事的难易度，所以不能这样转换。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①The
doctor
thought
it
would
be
good
for
you
to
have
a
holiday.
②It's
impolite
to
speak
(speak)
when
you're
eating.
③It
is
no
use
arguing
(argue)
with
Bill
because
he
will
never
change
his
mind.
④It's
standard
practice
for
a
company
like
this
one
to
employ
(employ)
a
security
officer.
⑤It
is
obvious
to
the
students
that
they
should
get
well
prepared
for
their
future.
⑥It
is
said
that
he
has
gone
abroad
for
further
education.
Word
Formation(构词法)
构词法是组成单词的一种方法，它有清晰严谨的结构形式，本身有规律可循。利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串，举一反三。英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生、合成和转化。
Ⅰ.派生法
派生法也称词缀法，即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法。
1．前缀＋词根?派生词
注意：
该派生词与词根一般词性相同，意义改变。
2．词根＋后缀?派生词
(1)名词后缀
(2)形容词后缀
Ⅱ.合成法
把两个单词或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫作合成法。
常见合成词有合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词等几种类型。
Ⅲ.转化法
英语中有些单词，词形不变，词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。一个单词由某一种词性转用为另一种词性，这就是转化。
常见的词的转化形式
1．名词转化为动词
change
n.
变化→v.
变化
work
n.
工作→v.
工作
score
n.
分数→v.
得分
win
n.
胜利→v.
获胜
question
n.
问题→v.
提问
注意：
有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化。例如：
export
/?eksp??t/
n.
出口→/Ik?sp??t/
v.
出口
import
/?Imp??t/
n.
进口→/Im?p??t/
v.
进口
increase
/?I?kri?s/
n.
增加→/In?kri?s/
v.
增加
permit
/?p??mIt/
n.
许可证→/p??mIt/
v.
准许
record
/?rek??d/
n.
唱片，纪录→/rI?k??d/
v.
记录
present
/?preznt/
n.
礼物，现在；adj.
现在的→
/prI?zent/
v.
赠送，陈述
2．动词转化为名词
doubt
v.
怀疑→n.
疑问
dress
v.
穿衣→n.
衣服
taste
vt.
尝→n.
味道
3．形容词转化为动词
dry
adj.
干燥的→v.
擦干
free
adj.
自由的→v.
释放
narrow
adj.
狭窄的→v.
变窄
4．形容词转化为名词
chemical
adj.
化学的→n.
化学药品
daily
adj.
日常的→n.
日报
final
adj.
最后的→n.
决赛
单句语法填空
①This
girl
is
very
hard?working,
so
she
is
hopeful
(hope)
to
enter
the
college
in
the
future.
②It
is
very
dangerous
(danger)
for
children
to
play
with
fire.
③Bill
Gates
is
never
afraid
of
difficulties/difficulty
(difficult)．
④—What
about
this
sweater?
—It's
woolen
(wool)．
⑤Tom
is
a
careless
(care)
boy.
He
often
makes
mistakes
in
his
homework.
⑥We
are
recording
the
game
in
which
he
set
a
new
record.(record)
⑦Having
starred
in
many
films,
the
star
is
known
to
many
of
us.
(star)
⑧She
often
mistakes
me
as
my
twin
brother
but
I
don't
care
her
mistakes.(mistake)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There
are
two
types
(类型)
of
rocks
in
this
area.
2．I've
been
trying
to
contact
(联系)
you
all
day.
3．She
felt
uneasy
in
the
unfamiliar
(不熟悉的)
surroundings.
4．He
has
worked
for
several
business
organizations
(机构)．
5．I
think
he
is
likely
(可能的)to
come
this
afternoon.
6．He
was
given
a
new
rent?free
apartment/flat
(公寓)．
7．The
subway
(地铁)
plays
a
key
role
in
the
city's
transportation
system.
8．Words
have
different
connotations
in
different
contexts
(语境)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
be
made
up
of，be
different
from，would
rather，come
across，according
to，more
than
1．Our
village
is
different
from
what
it
was
before.
2．I
come
across
a
former
classmate
on
the
street
yesterday.
3．They
both
played
the
game
according
to
the
rules.
4．This
collection
is
made
up
of
three
parts:
poems,
essays
and
short
stories.
5．The
river
is
more
than
3,000
meters.
6．I
would
rather
watch
TV
at
home
than
go
shopping
outside.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Li
Ming
jumps
higher
(high)
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
2．She
is
always
very
helpful
(help)
to
his
class
teacher.
3．China
is
a
great
country
and
it
has
a
long
history
(historical)．
4．Today
many
Chinese
children
are
having
a
happy
life
with
their
parents
while
thousands
of
homeless
(home)
children
in
Iraq
are
having
a
hard
life.
5．Sue
is
a
good
girl
and
her
honesty
(honest)
makes
her
parents
and
teachers
pleased.
6．He
is
too
hungry
(hunger)
to
walk
any
more.
7．Nowadays
more
and
more
people
realize
the
importance
(important)
of
keeping
balance
of
nature.
8．They
were
interested
(interest)
in
my
culture
and
they
asked
me
a
lot
of
questions.
9．His
invention
(invent)
saved
people
from
having
to
walk
up
and
down
stairs.
10．I'll
come
as
soon
as
possible
(possibly)．
PAGEUnit
2
Exploring
English
第三课时 Developing
ideas
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．resource
(n.)
资料，(教学)资源
2．misadventure
(n.)
事故，灾难
3．remind
(v.)提醒，使想起
4．rather
(adv.)
相当，颇
5．comment
(n.)评论
6．boot
(n.)靴子
7．entrance
(n.)
大门(口)，入口(处)
8．section
(n.)地段，地区，区域
9．exit
(n.)出口
10．negative
(adj.)消极的，负面的
11．error
(n.)错误，谬误
12．intend
(v.)计划，打算
13．recognise
(v.)认识，辨认出
14．base
(v.)
以……为基础
15．aware
(adj.)
意识到的，明白的
16．actually
(adv.)事实上，实际上→actual
(adj.)实际的，真实的
17．informal
(adj.)(书写或言谈)非正式的→formal
(adj.)正式的
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．have
a
frog
in
your
throat
(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
2．go
up
to
走上前去，前往
3．to
my
astonishment
令我感到吃惊的是
4．发生
take
place
5．证明是，结果是
turn
out
6．意识到，察觉到
be
aware
of
Ⅲ.语篇理解
Step
Ⅰ.Read
the
text
and
choose
the
best
answers.
1．Why
couldn't
Maggie
teach
that
day?
A．Because
she
ate
a
big
frog.
B．Because
she
was
unable
to
speak
clearly
for
a
short
time.
C．Because
she
was
replaced
by
a
different
teacher.
D．Because
she
was
to
play.
答案：B
2．Yancy
didn't
find
any
shoe
in
the
first
floor
because
the
first
floor
in
American
English
means
the
floor
in
British
English.
A．first
B．second
C．third
D．ground
答案：D
3．What
does
the
word
“wicked”
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A．Bad.
B．Healthy.
C．Very
good.
D．Shy.
答案：C
4．Why
was
Zheng
Xu
a
bit
disappointed?
A．Because
he
thought
his
teacher
didn't
think
highly
of
his
paper.
B．Because
he
spent
lots
of
time.
C．Because
he
didn't
do
a
good
job.
D．Because
he
didn't
know
the
British
has
high
standards.
答案：A
StepⅡ.Decide
whether
the
following
sentences
are
true
or
false.
1．Maggie
tried
to
eat
a
big
frog.
( F )
2．Yancy
finally
found
the
shoe
section.
( T )
3．Julien
didn't
like
his
pen
friend's
grandfather.
( F )
4．Zheng
Xu
spent
lots
of
time
preparing
and
writing
his
first
English
paper.
( T )
5．Maggie
and
Yancy
may
come
from
the
same
country.( T )
Step
Ⅲ.Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
Some
of
the
English
we
learn
in
the
classroom
is
quite
different
1.from
the
English
in
the
outside
world.
Here
are
four
2.examples
(example).
Alba
went
to
a
summer
school
in
Manchester
and
her
English
teacher
3.was
called
(call)
Maggie.
One
day
Maggie
couldn't
teach
because
she
had
a
frog
in
her
throat.
However,
Alba
thought
Maggie
tried
to
eat
a
big
frog.
Yancy
first
visit
New
York
and
want
4.to
buy
(buy)
some
winter
boots.
At
the
information
desk
5.a
lady
told
her
the
shoe
section
was
on
the
first
floor,
but
she
didn't
found
any
shoes.
When
she
was
about
to
leave,
she
saw
that
shoes
were
6.actually
(actual)
sold
on
the
ground
floor.
Julien
has
got
an
English
pen
friend,
7.who
he
finally
got
to
meet
in
London
this
summer.
When
his
friend
told
him
that
his
grandfather
was
“really
wicked”，
he
was
very
confused
8.why
his
friend
used
a
negative
word
about
such
a
nice
man.
Zheng
Xu
spent
days
preparing
his
first
English
paper
and
was
looking
forward
to
9.getting
(get)
a
good
grade.
At
last
he
found
his
teacher
had
written
the
comment
“Not
bad”.
He
was
a
bit
10.disappointed
(disappoint)．
1
①I
don't
want
them
to
remind
me
of
her.
我不想因他们想起她来。
②He
reminded
me
to
turn
off
the
lights
when
I
go
out.
他提醒我外出时把灯关掉。
③Reading
fiction
reminds
me
that
there
is
life
beyond
my
own.
阅读文学作品提醒我，在自己的生活之外还有不同的生活。
[归纳拓展]
(1)remind...of
...使……想起……
remind
sb.to
do
sth.提醒某人做某事
remind
sb.that...提醒某人……
(2)reminder
n．提醒者，提醒物
[易混辨析]
remind
强调“提醒”自己或他人，其主语既可为人，也可为物
remember
强调主体有意或无意地记起以前曾知道或经历过的事，其主语只能是人
[巧学助记]
v．＋sb.＋of
sth.短语
cure
sb.of
sth.治好某人的病
accuse
sb.of
sth.指控某人某事
cheat
sb.of
sth.骗取某人某物
inform
sb.of
sth.通知某人某事
convince
sb.of
sth.使某人相信某事
rob
sb.of
sth.抢劫某人某物
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅲ改编)Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings.
②I
reminded
you
not
to
forget
(forget)
to
turn
off
the
lights
when
you
left
the
classroom.
③She
reminded
me
that
I
should
bring
him
a
present
for
his
birthday.
④Reminded
(remind)not
to
drive
after
drinking，some
drivers
are
still
trying
their
luck，which
is
really
dangerous.
2
(1)n.评论；议论
Swap
summaries
with
your
partner
and
give
each
other
comments.
与你的搭档交换课文概要，然后相互作出评论。
(2)vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论
He
commented
that
he
thought
it
was
time
for
us
to
go
home.
他发表意见说我们回家的时间到了。
[归纳拓展]
(1)
make
comments
on/about...对……加以评论
No
comment！无可奉告！
offer
comments提意见
(2)
comment
on/upon
sth.对……发表评论
comment
that...评论说……
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①She
made
helpful
comments
on
my
work.(comment
n．)
她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。
②He
did
not
comment
on
what
I
said.(comment
v．)
他对我的话未作评论。
一句多译
许多国家对这次卫星发射失败(the
failed
satellite
launch)发表了评论。
③Many
countries
commented
on/upon
the
failed
satellite
launch
(comment
v．)．
④Many
countries
made
comments
on/about
the
failed
satellite
launch
(comment
n．)．
3
(1)(在口语中用于强调事实)真实地；实际上；事实上
①I
don't
actually
remember
it.
其实我不记得那件事了。
②I've
known
Barbara
for
years.
Since
we
were
babies,
actually.
我认识芭芭拉很多年了。实际上我们从小就认识。
(2)(表示想法与事实不一致而感到惊奇)居然；竟然
He
is
actually
over
fifty
years
old.
他竟然五十多岁了。
(3)(礼貌地纠正他人)实际上；事实上
I'm
not
a
student.
I'm
a
doctor,
actually.
我不是学生。实际上我是医生。
(4)(用于引起别人注意或转换话题)说实在的
Actually,
I'm
busy
at
the
moment—can
I
call
you
back
later?
说实在的，我这会儿正忙——我可以过会儿给你回电话吗？
[归纳拓展]
＝actually事实上；实际上
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①Actually
(事实上)
I
have
been
teaching
history
for
five
years.
②He
looks
younger
than
his
wife,
but
in
actual
fact
(事实上),
he's
a
lot
older.
单句语法填空
③There's
a
big
difference
between
saying
you'll
do
something
and
actually
(actual)
doing
it.
4
She
intends
to
fight
to
make
it
a
woman's
as
well
as
a
man's
world.
她想努力拼搏以创造一个与男士一样的女性世界。
[归纳拓展]
(1)intend
to
do/doing
sth.打算做某事
intend
sb.
to
do
sth.打算让某人做某事
be
intended
for
专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
(2)本打算做某事(但没有)
(3)intention
n．用意；目的；意图
without
intention
无意中；不是故意地
①I
looked
carefully
at
the
text
and
realized
that
it
was
intended
for
women
in
the
countryside.
我仔细地读了这篇文章，了解到那是专为农村妇女写的。
②But
Oshbot,
like
other
social
robots,
is
not
intended
to
replace
workers,
but
to
work
alongside
other
employees.
但是，像其他的社交机器人一样，Oshbot并不是被用来替代工人们，而是和其他的雇员们一起工作。
[即时巩固]
一句多译。
①越来越多的人打算在这儿投资。
More
and
more
people
intend
完成句子
②Green
Maps
isn't
specifically
intended
for
travelers.
Green
Maps
并不是专门为旅游者设计的。
③It
was
meant
to
be
a
surprise;
I
didn't
intend
you
to
see
it
so
soon.
这本来是一个意外的惊喜，我不想让你那么早就看见。
④You
write
an
unkind
message
about
someone,
intending
to
send
it
to
a
friend,
but
accidentally
send
it
to
the
person
you're
discussing.
你写了关于某人的不友好的信息，准备发给一个朋友，但是意外地发给了你们谈论的人。
5
(1)vt.辨认出
The
moment
I
answered
the
phone,
I
recognized
his
voice.
我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。
(2)vt.承认；公认
①We
recognize
him
as/to
be
a
hard?working
and
honest
person.
我们认为他是一个勤奋并且诚实的人。
②He
didn't
recognize
that
he
had
made
a
big
mistake.
他不承认自己犯下了大错。
[归纳拓展]
(1)recognize
sb./one's
voice
认出某人/听出某人的声音
recognize
sb./sth.
as/to
be
承认……是……
recognize
that...
承认……
It
is
recognized
that
大家公认……
(2)recognition
n．认出，认识
[易混辨析]
易混词
辨析
recognize
指原来熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或其他原因后重新认出来，是终止性动词
know
是延续性动词，指相互之间十分熟悉或了解
I
have
known
Tom
for
ten
years,
but
I
didn't
recognize
him
just
now
because
he
had
changed
so
much.
我认识汤姆10年了，但因为他变化很大，我刚才没有认出他来。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Though
she
changed
much,
I
recognized
her
at
first
sight
(我一眼就认出了她)．
②Lincoln
is
recognized
as/to
be
(被公认为)
one
of
the
greatest
presidents
in
America.
③It
is
recognized
that
(人们公认)
teenagers
play
an
important
part
in
sports
and
games.
单句语法填空
④Alexander
tried
to
get
his
work
recognized
(recognize)
in
the
medical
circles.
解析：his
work与recognize之间为被动关系，要用过去分词。get
sth.
done使……被……。
⑤I
haven't
seen
Sara
since
she
was
a
little
girl,
and
she
has
changed
beyond
recognition
(recognize)．
解析：beyond
recognition认不出来，是固定搭配。
⑥The
film
star
wears
sunglasses.
Therefore,
he
can
go
shopping
without
being
recognized
(recognize)．
解析：句意：那位影星戴着墨镜，因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物。without为介词，后面接动名词；the
film
star与recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。
6
(1)vt.
以……为根据
①He
based
his
theory
on
what
he
had
found.
他的理论基于他的发现。
②The
researcher's
conclusion
was
based
on
a
study
of
the
African
elephant's
DNA.
调查者的结论是以研究非洲大象的DNA为基础的。
(2)n.基部；基地；基础
The
explorers
set
up
a
base
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain.
探险者在山脚下建立了基地。
[归纳拓展]
(1)base...on/upon
把……建立在……的基础上
be
based
on/upon
以……为基础/依据
(2)at
the
base
of
以……为基点；在……的底部
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①They
based
the
news
report
on
facts.
他们以事实为这篇新闻报道的基础。
②This
news
report
was
based
on
facts.
这篇新闻报道是以事实为基础的。
英译汉
③They
found
the
plane
at
the
base
of
the
mountain.
他们在山脚下发现了飞机。
单句语法填空
④The
famous
writer
likes
to
base
(base)
his
stories
on
the
real
life
of
people
around
him.
⑤The
famous
writer
likes
to
write
his
stories
based
(base)
on
the
real
life
of
people
around
him.
⑥Many
of
his
novels
were
based
(base)
on
the
stories
happening
in
World
War
Ⅱ.
⑦They
found
the
crashed
plane
at
the
base
of
the
mountain.
1
①Discuss
when
they
take
place，what
they
celebrate
and
what
people
do
at
that
time.
讨论它们是什么时间举行，庆祝什么，那个时候人们在做什么。
②Education
knows
no
limits.It
can
take
place
anywhere，whether
in
a
kitchen
or
in
the
job.
教育没有界限，它可以在任何地方进行，无论是在厨房里还是在工作中。
[名师点拨]
与众不同的“发生”
take
place相当于不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，也不能用于被动结构，但是有完成时态。
[归纳拓展]
take
the
place
of代替某人，接替某人的位置
take
one's
place就位，入席，就座；替代某人
in
place
of(＝in
one's
place)替代，顶替
in
place在适当的位置
Robson
came
on
in
place
of
Wilkins
ten
minutes
before
the
end
of
the
game.
比赛结束前十分钟罗布森上场替代威尔金斯。[易混辨析]
take
place
发生、举行、举办
一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或是事先的安排
happen
发生、碰巧
一般用于偶然或突发性事件
break
out
发生、爆发
常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等
occur
发生、出现、突然想起
相当于happen，常与介词to连用
come
about
发生、产生
一般指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句
[即时巩固]
用take
place，happen，break
out，occur或come
about的适当形式填空
①When
the
gathering
took
place，he
happened
to
pass
by
and
a
new
idea
occurred
to
him
that
he
should
attend
it.
②Suddenly，a
quarrel
broke
out
and
he
wondered
how
it
came
about.
完成句子
③Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
school
over
the
past
three
years.
这所学校在过去的三年中发生了巨大的变化。
单句语法填空
④Sam
has
been
appointed
manager
of
the
engineering
department
to
take
the
place
of
George.
解析：考查冠词用法。take
the
place
of“代替”。
2
To
our
astonishment,
she
was
awarded
first
prize.
使我们大为吃惊的是，她获得了一等奖。
[归纳拓展]
to
one's
surprise令某人感到吃惊的是
to
one's
joy令某人感到高兴的是
to
one's
sorrow令某人感到伤心的是
to
one's
satisfaction令某人感到满意的是
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①To
my
surprise,
he
arrived
on
time.
②He
stared
in
astonishment
(astonish)
at
the
stranger.
I've
got
an
English
pen
friend，
who
I
finally
got
to
meet
in
London
this
summer.
我有一个英国笔友，今年夏天我终于在伦敦见到了他。
[句式分析]
本句中who引导一个非限制性定语从句来修饰friend。
①Tom's
father,
who
is
over
sixty,
still
works
hard
day
and
night.
汤姆的父亲已经六十多岁了，但是他仍然从早到晚忙碌地工作。
②My
friend,
who
is
an
excellent
violinist,
is
giving
a
concert
next
month.
我朋友是一名出色的小提琴家，下个月他要开一场音乐会。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①His
brother,
who
has
gone
abroad，graduated
from
that
key
university
two
months
ago.
②Yesterday
I
met
Tom,
who
comes
from
Australia.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I
reminded
(提醒)
him
of
the
appointment,
but
he
didn't
make
any
response.
2．I
look
forward
to
your
comments
(评论)
and
suggestions.
3．I
was
rush
into
buying
these
expensive
boots
(靴子)．
4．Well,
actually
(实际上)
it
requires
quite
a
bit
of
work
and
research.
5．If
you
must
have
a
cigarette,
choose
a
seat
in
the
first
row
of
the
smoking
section
(地区).
6．You
can't
learn
anything
with
negative
(消极的)
attitude.
7．She
rushed
downstairs
(楼下)
and
burst
into
the
kitchen.
8．He
changed
so
much
that
I
didn't
recognise
(辨认出)
him.
Ⅱ.选词填空
have
a
frog
in
one's
throat，go
up
to，be
aware
of，take
place，to
my
astonishment，turn
out
1．He
has
been
aware
of
the
importance
of
study.
2．The
party
turned
out
to
be
very
successful.
3．When
I
woke
up
this
morning,
I
had
a
frog
in
my
throat.
4．When
will
you
go
up
to
Cambridge
University?
5．Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
hometown.
6．To
my
astonishment,
she
was
so
impolite.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．It's
boring
to
do
homework
all
day.
整天做作业真烦人。
2．Although
my
uncle
is
old,
he
looks
very
strong
and
healthy.
我的叔叔虽然老了，但他看上去还是很健壮。
3．How
lovely
the
baby
is!
这个婴儿多可爱啊！
4．Then
he
met
Mary，who
invited
him
to
a
party.
后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
5．I
spent
twenty
minutes
writing
the
composition.
我花了20分钟写这篇作文。
6．I
can't
date
that
house
exactly,
but
it
must
be
very
old.
我不能确定那幢房子的年代，但它一定很古老了。
PAGEUnit
2
Exploring
English
第四课时 Presenting
ideas
&
Reflection
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．title
(n.)题目，标题
2．opposing
(adj.)相反的，对立的
3．unique
(adj.)独一无二的，独特的
4．alarm
(n.)警报器，闹钟
5．creativity
(n.)创造性，创造力
6．sculpt
(v.)雕刻，雕塑→sculpture
(n.)雕刻作品，雕像
7．behavior
(n.)举止，行为→behave
(v.)表现，举止端正
8．confusing
(adj.)令人困惑的→confused
(adj.)糊涂的，困惑的→confuse
(v.)使困惑，使混乱
9．reflect
(v.)显示，反应→reflection
(n.)反应，思考
10．visible
(adj.)看得见的，可见的→invisible
(adj.)看不见的
11．type
(n.)类型，种类
12．contact
(v.)联系，联络
13．likely
(adj.)
可能的，可能发生的
14．subway
(n.)地铁
15．gas
(n.)汽油
16．apartment
(n.)一套住房，公寓套房
17．context
(n.)上下文，语境
18．remind
(v.)提醒，使想起
19．comment
(n.)评论
20．frog
(n.)蛙，青蛙
21．boot
(n.)靴子
22．section
(n.)地段，地区，区域
23．exit
(n.)出口
24．negative
(adj.)消极的，负面的
25．intend
(v.)计划，打算
26．informal
(adj.)
非正式的
27．recognise
(v.)认识，辨认出
28．base
(v.)以……为基础
29．aware
(adj.)
意识到的，明白的
30．actually
(adv.)事实上，实际上→actual
(adj.)实际的，真实的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
2．for
example
例如
3．fill
in
填写，填补
4．烧毁，烧尽
burn
up
5．烧毁
burn
down
6．给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
wind
up
7．be
made
up
of
由……组成
8．be
different
from
与……不同
9．according
to
根据
10．偶然发现
come
across
11．宁愿，宁可
would
rather
12．超过，多于
more
than
13．have
a
frog
in
your
throat
(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
14．go
up
to
走上前，前往
15．to
my
astonishment
令我感到吃惊的是
16．发生
take
place
17．证明是，结果是
turn
out
18．意识到，察觉
be
aware
of
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．I
hadn't,
until
one
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
ham
in
a
hamburger.
直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我汉堡包里有没有火腿时，我才问自己。
2．Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
菠萝里面既没有松树也没有苹果。
3．What
about
“IT”
and
“US”？
那“IT”和“US”又怎样？
4．That
is
why
when
stars
are
out,
they
are
visible,
but
when
the
lights
are
out,
they
are
invisible.
那就是为什么当星星出现时，可以看得见它们，当光出现时，看不见它们。
5．The
word
“pineapple”
developed
from
the
spanish
word
“pina”，
which
means
pine
cone.
pineapple这个单词是由西班牙的pina演变过来的，pina是松果的意思。
6．The
origin
of
“hamburger”
was
a
hard
beef
steak
called
“Hamburg
steak”，
eaten
without
bread.
hamburger源自一种叫作Hamburg
steak的硬牛排，吃得时候没有面包。
7．Eggplants
used
to
be
smaller
and
yellow
or
white.
茄子以前常常很小并且要么是黄色的，要么是白色的。
8．It
is
impossible
to
know
the
meaning
of
every
word
but
knowing
about
word
formation
can
help
us
guess
the
meaning
of
words.
想记住每个单词的意思是不可能的，但是知道了构词法可以帮助我们猜测单词的意思。
9．How
confusing!
多么令人困惑！
10．I've
got
an
English
pen
friend,
who
I
finally
got
to
meet
in
London
this
summer.
我有一个英国笔友，今年夏天我终于在伦敦见到了他。
Ⅳ.单元语法
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The
fish
is
a
bit
smelly
(smell).
We
can't
eat
it.
解析：be动词后用形容词。smelly“臭的”。
2．Look
up
the
meaning
(mean)of
the
word
in
the
dictionary.
解析：名词meaning表示“意思”。
3．New
scientific
(science)
discoveries
are
being
made
at
an
increasing
speed.
解析：形容词scientific表示“科学的”。
4．The
mother
undressed
(dress)
her
baby
and
gave
it
a
bath.
解析：动词undress表示“脱衣”，与gave一致，要用过去时。
5．The
scenery
of
Zhangjiajie
is
so
attractive
(attract)
that
many
tourists
go
there
every
year.
解析：形容词attractive表示“迷人的”。
6．The
farmer
was
bitten
to
death
by
poisonous
(poison)
snakes.
解析：形容词poisonous表示“有毒的”。
7．Surprisingly
(surprise),
he
should
lose
his
temper
in
public.
解析：副词surprisingly表示“令人吃惊地”，修饰整个句子。
8．The
water
is
unfit
(fit)for
drinking
and
you
have
to
go
without
water.
解析：句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。
Ⅴ.单元写作
假如你是光明中学的李华。下面的一组图画记录了你一天主要的学习和生活情况。请用英文写一封信告诉你的英国朋友Jane。
注意事项：
1．所写内容要包括所有要点，情节可以想象，但不要过长，词数80左右；
2．结构合理，语法正确，语句通顺、流畅；
3．信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear
Jane，
Thank
you
very
much
for
your
last
letter.
You
asked
me
something
about
my
school
life.
Now
I'll
tell
you
something
about
it.I
usually
get
up
early,
have
a
quick
breakfast
and
then
go
to
school
in
a
hurry.
We
have
four
classes
in
the
morning
and
two
in
the
afternoon.
We
all
work
hard
at
our
lessons.
Sometimes
we
play
games
when
school
is
over.
Football
is
my
favorite
sport.
In
the
evening,
I
still
have
much
homework
to
do.
I
don't
go
to
bed
until
ten.
I
enjoy
my
school
life.
Will
you
come
and
study
with
us
next
term?
Yours，
Li
Hua
PAGE
