Unit
3
Family
matters
开启快乐学习之旅
A
quarrel
at
home
may
result
in
you
falling
ill.
Don't
laugh,
it's
true.
Family
matters
including
living
habits
and
even
the
way
we
speak
have
a
big
effect
on
our
health,
doctors
say.
Wang
Xiaoyu,
a
Senior
2
girl
from
Xichang,
Sichuan
Province,
fainted
in
class
when
she
heard
her
classmates
quarrel
at
the
top
of
their
voices.
Quarrels
between
her
parents
also
put
the
girl
into
a
coma.
It
is
because
she
is
suffering
from
depression,
caused
by
bad
relations
at
home,
doctors
explained.
“We
don't
get
sick
or
stay
well
by
ourselves，”
says
Dr
Robert
Ferret
from
the
US.
Ferret
shows
that
family
forces
may
explain
up
to
a
quarter
of
health
problems,
in
his
recent
research.
The
genes
you
get
from
your
family
may
cause
illness.
If
one
of
your
parents
has
a
heart
attack,
your
risk
of
being
affected
may
double.
But
effects
on
health
are
not
only
written
in
our
DNA.
Unrelated
people
who
live
under
the
same
roof
also
get
similar
problems.
Diet,
lifestyle
and
environment
affect
our
health,
too.
Ferret's
research
also
found
that
if
teenagers
feel
they
are
ignored
or
unimportant
at
home
they
are
more
likely
to
get
sick.
We
may
never
fully
understand
all
the
effects
that
families
have
on
our
health.
But
just
as
individual
problems
can
have
effects
on
others,
a
small
improvement
can
have
big
benefits,
Ferret
said.,
,
家人对我们来说非常重要。家人之间的基因联系让我们的健康紧密相连。家庭氛围也对我们的发展有很大的关系。
[知识点击]
1．fainted
v．晕倒
2．coma
n．昏迷
3．depression
n．抑郁症
4．individual
adj.个别的
模块核心素养导航
第一课时 Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．approach
(v.)走近，靠近
2．chat
(n.)闲谈，聊天
3．focus
(v.)(把……)集中(于)
4．assume
(v.)假设，认为→assumption
(n.)假定，设想
5．respect
(v.)尊敬，尊重
6．court
(n.)
法院；法庭
7．ignore
(v.)忽视，不理→ignorant
(adj.)无知的→ignorance
(n.)无知；不了解
8．professional
(adj.)职业的，专业的
9．talent
(n.)天赋，才能
10．option
(n.)选择，可选择的东西
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．focus_on集中(注意力等)于
2．be_interested_in对……感兴趣
3．calm
down
平静下来
4．in
the
end
最终；最后
5．be
proud
of
自豪；以……而骄傲
6．have
a
talent
(for)
有……的天赋
7．take
one's
advice
听从某人的建议
8．jump
in
with
both
feet
踊跃参加；全心全意投入
Ⅲ.语篇理解
Step
Ⅰ.Read
the
text
and
choose
the
best
answers.
1．What
are
Grandfather
and
Father
doing?
A．They
are
watching
TV.
B．They
are
playing
chess.
C．They
are
having
a
drink.
D．They
are
arguing
about
the
son.
答案：B
2．Why
did
Father
think
being
a
lawyer
is
a
good
job?
A．Because
the
job
can
make
somebody
have
a
good
income.
B．Because
the
job
isn't
busy.
C．Because
his
father
wanted
him
to
be.
D．Because
son
likes
it.
答案：A
3．What
did
Grandfather
want
Father
to
be?
A．A
lawyer.
B．An
engineer.
C．A
professional
soccer
player.
D．A
musician.
答案：B
4．What's
the
dream
of
Son?
A．Making
music.
B．Being
a
lawyer.
C．Being
an
engineer.
D．Being
a
top
student.
答案：A
Step
Ⅱ.Decide
whether
the
following
sentences
are
true
or
false.
1．Son
decided
to
go
to
university.( F )
2．Father
supported
Son
to
realize
his
dream.( F )
3．Grandfather
was
proud
of
his
son.( T )
4．Father
changed
his
opinion
at
last.( F )
5．Grandfather
once
was
a
professional
soccer
player.( F )
Step
Ⅲ.Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
When
Son
nervously
1.approached
(approach),
Grandfather
and
Father
were
2.playing
(play)
chess.
He
turned
3.to
his
dad
for
a
chat,
telling
him
that
he
wanted
to
focus
4.on
his
band.But
Father
disagreed，he
wanted
Son
to
be
a
lawyer.
5.However,_Son
wasn't
6.interested
(interest)
in
law.
His
grandfather
suggested
someone
should
consider
his
7.talents
(talent)
when
he
found
the
career,
and
hoped
Son
have
more
8.options
(option)
for
his
future.
With
9.a
sigh,
Son
felt
10.disappointed
(disappoint)．
1
(1)vi./vt.走近，靠近，接近
①As
you
approach
the
town
the
first
building
you
see
is
the
church.
你走近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。
②The
time
is
approaching
when
we
have
to
leave.
距离我们不得不离开的时刻越来越近了。
③(天津高考卷)
Unfortunately,
just
as
I
took
out
my
camera,
a
woman
approached
from
behind,
and
planted
herself
right
in
front
of
my
view.
不幸的是，就在我拿出相机时，一个女士从后面走上前来，站在了我前面。
(2)n.靠近，接近，临近；通路，入口；方法，方式(常与介词to连用)
①All
approaches
to
the
town
were
blocked.
通往这座城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。
②(2017·江苏高考卷)A
rethink
is
required—and
as
a
new
approach
starts
to
become
apparent,
two
ideas
stand
out.
三思是必要的，而且随着一种方法开始变得明显，两种方法脱颖而出。
[归纳拓展]
(1)．..be
approaching
……快到了
with...approaching随着
……的临近
(2)the
approach
of...
……即将到达
make
approaches
to
sb.
设法接近某人
approach
to
(做某事的)方法
①These
signs
show
that
a
crisis
is
approaching.
这些征兆表示危机即将来临。
②Everyone
has
their
own
approach
to
dealing
with
them.
每个人都有自己的方法来处理它们。
[名师点拨]
(1)approach(方法)常与介词to连用，即approach
to(doing)sth.
(2)“做某事的方法”的表达：
①the
way
to
do/of(doing)sth.
②the
means
of(doing)sth.
③the
method
of(doing)sth.
[即时巩固]
一句多译
冬天临近，天气转冷。
①With
winter_approaching
the
weather
becomes
cold.
②As
winter_is_approaching,_the
weather
becomescold.
③The_approach_of_winter
brings
the
cold
weather.
单句语法填空
④Approaching
(approach)
the
city
center,
we
saw
a
stone
statue
of
about
10
meters
in
height.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：接近市中心时，我们看见一座大约10米高的石头雕像。approach与句子主语构成了主动关系，故用现在分词短语作时间状语。
2
(1)n.
闲谈；聊天
①Drop
in
for
a
chat
if
you
leave
an
hour
to
spare
this
evening.
如果今晚能抽出一小时的话，到我家里来聊天吧。
②I
had
a
chat
about
the
old
days
with
Jack.
我和杰克聊了过去的时光。
(2)v.
闲谈；聊天
They
chatted
away
like
old
friends.
他们像老朋友似的聊天。
[归纳拓展]
(1)chat
about
谈论
We
sat
in
the
café
for
hours
chatting
about
our
experiences.
我们在咖啡馆坐了几个小时，谈论各自的经历。
(2)chat
with/to和……谈论
Helen
chatted
with
most
of
the
guests
at
the
party.
海伦在晚会上和大多数客人都交谈了。
(3)chat
sb.up
与……搭讪；与……调情
We
found
Doug
in
the
bar
trying
to
chat
up
a
waitress.
我们看见道格在酒吧里想要和女服务员搭讪。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①The
other
day，the
famous
actor
had
a
chat
with
netizens.
②They
sat
waiting，chatting
about
nothing.
3
①We
assumebefore
hearing
any
evidence
against
him.
在听到对他不利的证词之前，我们假定他是无罪的。
②It
is
generally
assumed
that
stress
is
caused
by
too
much
work.
普遍认为压力来自于过多的工作。
[归纳拓展]
(1)assume
sth.假设……；假装……
assume
sb./sth.to
be
假定/假设某人/某事为
It
is
assumed
that...据认为……
(2)assumption
n.
假定；设想
assuming
(that)．..假定……；设想……
①His
look
of
astonishment
was
assumed.
他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。
②We
assumed
him
to
be
the
best
writer
of
our
time.
我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。
[名师点拨]
assuming可以用作连词，表示“假设……为真，假如”，引导从句，此用法同suppose,
supposing,
providing,
provided,
given
that。
Assuming/Suppose/Supposing
the
account
is
authentic,
what
should
we
do
now？假定这个说法是可信的，我们现在该怎么办？
[易混辨析]
assume
接受某事是真实的，因而采取相应的举止或行动
suppose
认为某事是可能的或可想象的
①He
assumed
that
prices
would
rise
and
therefore,
he
stored
much
food.
他认为价格要上涨，因而就储存了很多的食物。
②I
suppose
it
will
rain.
我认为将要下雨。
[巧学助记]
Assume
the
toy
car
belongs
to
me，and
I'll
let
you
play
first.
假设那个玩具车是我的，我就先让你玩。
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①Farmers
will
have
a
good
harvest,
assuming/supposing/suppose/provided_that_the_weather_is_favorable
(假定天气有利)．
②We
must
assume_him_to_be_innocent
(假定他是无辜的)
until
he
is
proved
guilty.
单句语法填空
③Assuming
(assume)that
we
can't
get
the
necessary
equipment，we
will
have
to
give
up
the
experiment.
④My
calculations
were
based
on
the
assumption
(assume)that
house
prices
would
remain
stable.
4
(1)n.尊敬；尊重；敬意
We
all
should
have/show
respect
for
our
parents
and
teachers.
我们都应该尊敬我们的父母和老师。
(2)v.尊敬；尊重
Everyone
respected
Liu
Yang
for
her
bravery.
刘洋因勇敢而深受大家的尊敬。
[归纳拓展]
(1)respect
sb.尊敬某人
respect
sb.for...因……而尊敬某人
(2)have/show
respect
for
sb.尊重某人
give/send
one's
respect
to
sb.向某人表达敬意
(3)gain/get/earn/win
the
respect
of
sb.赢得某人的尊敬
out
of
respect出于尊敬
①We
all
respect
him
for
his
honesty.
他为人诚实，我们都尊敬他。
②The
new
officer
soon
won
the
respect
of
his
men.
那位新来的军官很快赢得了士兵的钦佩。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①Children
should
show
respect
for
their
parents.
②The
professor
is_respected
(respect)for
his
wide
knowledge
of
all.
一句多译
简·古道尔总是理解并尊重动物的生活。
③Jane
Goodall
always
understands
and
shows_respect_for_the_life_of_animals.(respect
n．)
④Jane
Goodall
always
understands
and
respects_the_life_of_animals.(respect
v．)
完成句子
⑤(全国卷Ⅱ改编)We
were
respectful_of
craft(技艺)and
focused
on
digging
into
the
characters
we
were
going
to
play.
我们尊重技艺并集中精力于挖掘我们将要扮演的角色。
5
①You
will
ignore
the
bell
and
go
somewhere
quiet
to
calm
your
friend
down.
你会不顾铃声而去某个安静的地方安慰你的朋友。
②(天津高考)Write
another
email
as
swiftly
as
you
can
and
send
it
with
a
brief
explaining
that
this
is
the
correct
version
and
the
previous
version
should
be
ignored.
尽快另写一封电子邮件，然后发给对方。附带简短解释说明这一封邮件是正确版本，请忽视前一封邮件。
③She
ignored
him
and
passed
by
without
saying
“Hello”．
她没有理他，不打招呼就走过去了。
[归纳拓展]
(1)ignore
the
bell不顾铃声
ignore
the
traffic
rules不管交通规则
ignore
one's
advice不听某人的建议
ignore
sb.不理睬某人
(2)ignorant
adj.无知的
be
ignorant
of
对……不了解/不知道
Some
people
once
were
ignorant
of
the
danger
of
fire,
and
the
fire
did
them
a
lot
of
damage.
一些人曾经对火灾的危害性了解不够，大火给他们带来了很大损失。
[即时巩固]
写出下列句中ignore的含义
①If
you
ignore
your
diet,
trouble
will
follow.(忽视)
②The
famous
singer
held
his
head
up
and
walked
away,
ignoring
his
fans.(不理睬)
单句语法填空
③He
is
such
a
man
who
never
ignores
(ignore)
any
advice.
④He
is
ignorant
(ignore)
of
the
present
situation
that
he
is
facing.
6
①I'd
love
to
be
introduced
to
the
man
wearing
a
business
suit.
我想认识穿西装的那个男人。
②It
is
almost
impossible
to
find
a
time
that
suits
everybody.
要想找到适合每个人的时间几乎是不可能的。
③I
don't
think
this
coat
suits
me.
我认为这件衣服不适合我。
[巧学助记]
[归纳拓展]
suitable
adj.合适的；适宜的
suit
oneself
随自己的意愿
suit
sth.to
sth.使某物适合某物
be
suitable
for
sb./sth.适合某人/某物
be
suitable
to
do
sth.适合做某事
[易混辨析]
fit
多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适；吻合、协调
suit
指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件或衣服的颜色、款式、花样与人的身材、身份相称
match
意为“使相称，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色调、性质、形状等方面的搭配
①The
trousers
don't
fit
him;
they
are
too
small.
这条裤子不合他的身，太小了。
②It
suits
me
if
you
come
to
work
at
eight
o'clock.
如果你八点来上班我就满意了。
③These
shoes
do
not
match.
One
is
large
and
the
other
is
small.
这鞋不相配，一只大，一只小。
[即时巩固]
用suit的适当形式填空
①I
must
have
this
suit
cleaned.
②If
you
want
to
go
by
train，that
suits
you
fine.
③The
house
is
not
really
suitable
for
a
large
family.
④The
colour
of
red
suits
her
well，and
she
looks
better
in
red.
7
①He
showed
considerable
talent
for
getting
what
he
wanted.
他很有天资，能够心想事成。
②There
is
a
wealth
of
young
talents
in
British
theatre.
英国戏剧界青年一代人才辈出。
[归纳拓展]
have
a
talent
for...有……的天赋
talented
adj.天才的；有才能的
be
talented
in/at
在……方面有天赋
gift
n．天赋；天才；才能
gifted
adj.有天赋的；有天才的
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①Lang
Lang
has_a_talent_for
(有……的天赋)playing
the
piano.
单句语法填空
②My
sister
had
a
talent
for
painting
at
an
early
age.
＝My
sister
was
talented
in/at
painting
at
an
early
age.
③I
remember
you
were
a
talented
(talent)pianist
at
college.Can
you
accompany
me
on
the
piano?
8
The
color
comes
with
a
wide
range
of
options.
颜色有很多种选择。
[归纳拓展]
(1)have
no/little
option无选择余地；不能作选择
I
had
no
option
but
to
ask
him
to
leave.
我别无选择，只有请他离开。
(2)optional
adj.可选择的；随意的
①Is
English
an
optional
lesson，or
does
everyone
have
to
learn
it?
英语是选修课还是每个人必修的课程？
②The
car
radio
is
an
optional
extra.
汽车收音机是可供选择的额外装备。
[巧学助记]
The
presents
are
optional，but
only
one.
礼物可以任选，但只能选一个。
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①None_of_the_options
(供选择之人无一)is
fit
for
the
position.
②English
at
that
time
was_an_optional_subject_at_school
(是学校的选修课)．
1
①They
will
travel
by
night
as
well
as
by
day.
他们除了白天旅行外，晚上也得赶路。
②She
sings
as
well
as
playing
the
piano.
除了弹钢琴外，她还唱歌。
[归纳拓展]
as
well也；还
as/so
long
as只要
as
soon
as一……就……
as
far
as
one
is
concerned就某人而言
as
far
as
I
know据我所知
as
far
as远达；远至
as
many/much
as多达……
may/might
(just)
as
well还是……好；不妨做……；最好
[名师点拨]
as
well
as/not
only...but(also)
(1)as
well
as侧重点在前，引导主语时谓语动词同前面的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(2)not
only...but(also)侧重点在后，引导主语时谓语动词同后面的名词或代词的数保持一致，即：A
as
well
as
B＝not
only
B
but
(also)A。如：
The
teacher，as
well
as
the
students，wishes
for
a
holiday.
不但学生，而且老师也希望放假。
Not
only
the
teacher
but
also
the
students
wish
for
a
holiday.
不但老师，而且学生也希望放假。
提示：不能使用“A，B，as
well
as
C”结构，但可使用“A
as
well
as
B
and
C”或“A
and
B
as
well
as
C”结构。如：
He
speaks
Spanish
as
well
as
English
and
French.
他不但会讲英语和法语，还会讲西班牙语。
He
speaks
Spanish
and
English
as
well
as
French.
他不但会讲法语，还会讲西班牙语和英语。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①This
training
program
can
give
you
a
lift
at
work，as
well
as
increase
your
income
by
40%.
解析：句意：这个培训项目不仅能使你的收入增加40%，而且能让你在工作中有所提升。as
well
as也，而且，符合句意。
②Modern
teaching
equipment
as
well
as
tens
of
computers
was_sent
(send)to
the
village
school
last
week.
解析：句意：现代教学设备以及几十台电脑上周送到了这所山村小学。考查主谓一致以及时态和语态。两个名词中间用as
well
as连接时，谓语应同前面一个名词保持一致。根据句意和结构可知，应用一般过去时的被动，故填was
sent。
完成句子
③As_far_as
I
know
he'll
be
away
for
three
months.
据我所知，他将外出三个月。
④I
suppose
we
might_as_well
go
home.
我想我们还是回家为好。
2
Please
turn
to
the
police
for
help
when
you
are
in
trouble.
当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。
[归纳拓展]
turn
down
关小，拒绝
turn
in
上交
turn
on
打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
off
关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
out
结果是，证明是，生产出
turn
up
开大，出现
It
turned
out
he
was
General
Manager
of
the
company.
结果他是这家公司的总经理。
[即时巩固]
写出下列句中turn
to的含义
①Follow
the
main
road
until
it
branches
and
then
turn
to
the
left.(转向)
②While
in
trouble,
you
can
turn
to
her
for
help.(求助于)
③If
you
turn
to
Page
40,
you
will
find
it.(翻到)
④After
he
left
university
he
became
a
teacher,
but
later
turned
to
journalism.(致力于)
用恰当的turn的短语填空
⑤He
promised
to
come
but
hasn't
turned_up
yet.
⑥The
experiment
turned_out
to
be
a
great
success.
⑦Don't
forget
to
turn_off
the
light
when
you
leave.
⑧Don't
bother
to
look
for
my
umbrella，it
will
turn_up
some
day.
⑨You
turned_in
your
report
late
again.What's
your
excuse
this
time?
⑩In
this
case
we
have
no
choice，but
to
turn_to
others.
?Tom
had
to
turn_down
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
3
The
work
should
focus
on
helping
parents
to
let
go
of
their
children.
工作应以协助父母放松对子女的管教为重点。
[归纳拓展]
focus
n．焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦
focus
one's
attention/one's
thoughts/one's
minds/one's
eyes
on...
集中注意力/精力/思想于……/眼睛注视着……
bring/throw
sth.into
focus
使集中在焦点上；使清楚起来；使明朗化；使突出
come
into
focus
(某物)轮廓明显、清晰；(问题)突出
in
focus
焦距对准；清晰
out
of
focus
焦距没对准；模糊
the
focus
of
attention
关注的焦点
①I'm
so
tired
that
I
can't
focus
on
anything
today.
今天我太累了，精神集中不起来。
②(天津高考)My
fund?raising
focus
also
gave
me
new
motivation
to
exercise
regularly.
我的募集资金的焦点也给了我新的激励，让我定期锻炼。
③Please
focus
your
minds
on
the
following
problems.
请集中精力思考下列问题。
[巧学助记]
He
focused
on
his
study.
他集中精力学习。
[即时巩固]
翻译句子
①The
coffee
shop
is
the
focus
of
social
life
in
French.
在法国，咖啡馆是社交生活的中心。
完成句子
②All
our
eyes
were_focused_on
the
speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
③Focus_your_camera_on
those
trees.
把照相机的焦点集中在那些树上。
4
He
calmed
down
in
the
end.
他的情绪终于平定下来。
[归纳拓展]
(1)come
to
an
end
结束
(使)结束；终结
make
ends
meet
使收支相抵
at
an
end终结；结束
(2)at
the
end
of...
在……末端
by
the
end
of...
到……为止(用于完成时)
in
the
end
最后；终于
①By
the
end
of
last
year,
he
had
learned
two
thousand
English
words.
到去年年底为止，他已学了2
000个英语单词。
②They
decided
to
put
an
end
to
the
quarrel.
他们决定结束争吵。
[即时巩固]
用恰当的end的短语填空
①The
meeting
came_to_an_end
at
midnight.
②Everything
will
be
all
right
in_the_end.
③We
must
put_an_end_to
these
endless
arguments.
④The
meeting
was
nearly
at_an_end
when
I
got
to
the
meeting
room.
⑤Since
Mike
lost
his
job,
he
can
hardly
make_ends_meet.
⑥He's
going
to
relax
with
friends
once
the
exams
are
at_an_end.
5
①She
felt
very
proud
of
her
daughter,
who
was
just
promoted
as
a
manager.
她为她女儿感到自豪，她女儿刚被提升为经理。
②Your
achievements
are
something
to
be
proud
of.
你的成绩是值得骄傲的。
[归纳拓展]
be
proud
to
do
sth.为做某事而骄傲/自豪
be
proud
that?clause因……而自豪
be
too
proud
to
do
sth.自视甚高而不愿做某事
pride
n．自豪，骄傲
take
pride
in为……感到自豪
[即时巩固]
完成句子
He
is_proud_to
be
a
scientist.
他为自己是一名科学家而感到自豪。
[句式分析]
这是一个完全倒装句，句子的真正主语是my
boy。
[归纳拓展]
表示方位的副词或介词短语，如here,
there,
up,
down,
in,
away,
off,
out,
in
the
room,
on
the
wall等置于句首时，常引起完全倒装句。另外now,
then也有同样用法。
①Under
a
big
tree
sat
a
boy
reading
a
book.
大树下坐着一个男孩，他正在读书。
②Out
rushed
the
children.
孩子们冲出去了。
③Away
flew
the
plane.
飞机飞走了。
④Now
comes
your
turn.
现在轮到你了。
注意：①表方位的副词或介词短语提前，当主语是代词时，不倒装。例如：
In
he
came.
他进来了。
②若提前的部分有no,
never,
few,
hardly
等否定结构时，不管主语是否为代词，都应用倒装结构。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①John
looked
out
of
the
door.
Under
the
tree
stood_a_man
he
had
never
seen
before.
约翰向门外看了看，树下站着一个他从未见过的人。
答案：考查倒装句式。here，there，thus，then等副词或介词短语位于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装，所以填stood
a
man。
②Next
door
to
ours
lives_an_old_man/woman,_who
is
no
less
than
eighty.
紧挨着我们住着一位八十多岁的老人。
...but
that's
only
because
you
are
a
lawyer.
……那仅仅是因为你是一位律师。
[句式分析]
This/That
is
because...
“这/那是因为……”。
This
is
because
he
didn't
catch
the
early
bus.
这是因为他没能赶上早班车。
[名师点拨]
This/That
is
why...这/那就是……的原因。
You
have
improved
your
studying
methods.
That
is
why
you
have
made
rapid
progress.
你改进了学习方法。那就是你进步这么快的原因。
[即时巩固]
翻译句子
①那是因为人们希望和平能够重返这个国家。
That_is_because_the_peace_is_expected_to_return_to_the_country.
完成句子
②That_is_because
the
promise
that
he
has
made
is
expected_to_be_carried__out.
那是因为人们期望他所许的诺言能够兑现(carry
out)。
[句式分析]
句中动名词短语making
music用作主语。
[归纳拓展]
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：
(1)直接位于句首作主语。
Swimming
is
a
good
sport
in
summer.
夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
(2)用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
It
is
no
use
telling
him
not
to
worry.
告诉他不要担心没有用。
(3)用于“There
be”结构中。
There
is
no
saying
when
he'll
come.
很难说他何时回来。
(4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No
smoking.＝No
smoking
is
allowed(here)．
禁止吸烟。
No
parking.
禁止停车。
(5)动名词的复合结构作主语。
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，可以在句中作主语。如：
Their
coming
to
help
was
a
great
encouragement
to
us.
他们前来救援极大地鼓舞了我们。
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①Being_misunderstood
(被别人误解)when
you
do
nothing
wrong
at
all
is
quite
a
bad
experience.
②Talking_to_him
(和他谈话)is
like
talking
to
a
wall.
翻译句子
③早起对你的健康有好处。
Getting_up_early_is_good_for_your_health.
④吸烟对我们的健康有害。
Smoking_is_bad_for_our_health.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Absorbed
in
painting，John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching
(临近)．
2．
Since
his
wallet
was
found
in
your
possession，he'll
assume(认为)
you
stole
it.
3．No
matter
how
ordinary
a
job
is,
it
plays
a
part
in
society
and
therefore
deserves
our
respect
(尊敬)．
4.
On
no
account
can
we
ignore
(忽视)
the
value
of
knowledge,
as
well
as
practical
experience.
5．They
chatted
(闲聊)
about
the
film
shown
last
night.
6．Eight
options
(选择)
were
presented
for
consideration.
7．Their
professions
(职业)
cover
government
officials,
athletes,
drivers，teachers，artists
and
so
on.
8．We
need
focus
(集中)
our
attention
on
study.
9．The
woman
accused
of
stealing
1.2
million
dollars
was
trying
to
find
herself
a
lawyer
(律师)．
10．But
in
my
heart,
I
want
to
be
noticed
and
show
my
talent
(才能)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
be
proud
of，focus
on，be
interested
in，calm
down，suitable
for，as
well
as，turn
to，in
the
end
1．She
intends
to
fight
to
make
it
a
woman's
as_well_as
a
man's
world.
2．Compared
with
the
escaped
driver,
I
am_proud_of
what
I
did.
3．If
you
have
difficulty
(in)
learning
English，you
can
turn_to
me
for
help.
4．College
is
when
we
should
focus_on
a
specific
major，but
high
school
is
when
we
have
to
figure
it
out.
5．Taylor's
swift
action
helped
her
teammates
calm_down.
6．I
am_interested_in
Western
culture，and
love
reading
English
novels
(小说)．
7．She
went
through
her
pockets
and
in_the_end
found
the
keys.
8．Many
of
the
fish
caught
for
sport
are_not_suitable_for
eating,
so
they
are
thrown
away.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Why_not_stop
to
have
a
rest?
为什么不停下来休息会儿呢？
2．John
opened
the
door.There
stood_a_girl
he
had
never
seen
before.
约翰打开门，那里站着一位他从来没有见过的小女孩。
3．He
took
apart
the
radio
and
hoped
to
see
what_was_wrong_with
it.
他拆开了收音机，想看一看它出了什么问题。
4．Finding_work_is
difficult
these
days.
(用v.?ing形式)
现今找工作可不容易。
5．My
sister
has_a_talent/gift_for
speaking
English.
我姐姐有讲英语的天赋。
PAGEUnit
3
Family
matters
第二课时 Using
language
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．currently
(adv.)现在，当前
2．regularly
(adv.)
经常
3．responsible
(adj.)负有责任的，应承担责任的
4．memory
(n.)记忆，回忆
5．nowadays
(n.)
现今，现时
6．skin
(n.)皮肤
7．jogging
(n.)慢跑
8．slim
(adj.)苗条的，修长的
9．nation
(n.)
国家
10．aim
(v.)力求达到
11．issue
(n.)议题；争论的问题
12．theme
(n.)主题
13．observe
(v.)庆祝，过(节日、生日等)
14．range
(n.)一系列
15．apologise
(v.)道歉
16．impact
(n.)作用，影响
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．take
place
发生
2．think
of
想出，想起；关心
3．work
on
从事于；致力于
4．hear_from
收到某人的来信
5．in_fact
实际上，事实上
6．even_though/if
即使，虽然
7．be
busy
with
忙于……
8．be
worried
about
担忧……；担心……
Ⅲ.语法回顾
用括号内的词的恰当形式填空
1．The
Earth
goes
(go)
around
the
Sun.
2．He
drew
(draw)
a
picture
yesterday
afternoon.
3．She
is
sixteen,
who
will_be
(be)
seventeen
next
year.
4．In
the
last
few
years,
China
has_made
(make)
great
achievement
in
environment
protection.
5．—Hi,
let's
go
skating.
—Sorry,
I'm
busy
right
now.
I
am_filling
(fill)
in
an
application
form
for
a
new
job.
1
(1)n.目标；目的
①It
is
now
our
aim
to
set
up
a
factory.
我们现在的目标是创办一家工厂。
②The
hunter's
aim
was
good
and
he
hit
the
lion
with
his
first
shot.
那个猎人瞄得准，第一枪就打中了狮子。
(2)vi.
&
vt.
瞄准；(向某方面)努力
They
aim
to
raise
ten
thousand
signatures.
他们以征集一万个人的签名为目标。
[归纳拓展]
aim
(sth.)
at
sb./sth.瞄准
aim
at/for
sth.向某方向努力，力争
aim
at
doing
sth./aim
to
do
sth.意欲、企图、力求做某事
be
aimed
at
(doing)
sth.旨在……，目的在于
[巧学助记]
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①He
finally
achieved_his_aim
(实现了他的目标)at
the
London
Olympic
Games.
②The
Chinese
government
is_aiming_to_improve
(正致力于提高)people's
living
standards.
③The
regulations
are_aimed_at
(旨在……)the
prevention
of
accidents
at
work.
2
(1)观察；观测；监视；注视
She
spent
years
observing
and
recording
their
daily
activities.
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录它们的日常活动。
(2)看到；观察到；注意到
He
observed
that
Homer
was
still
admired
after
two
thousand
years.
他观察到荷马在两千年后仍然受到崇拜．
(3)遵守(规则、法律等)
Even
running
the
yellow
light
will
be
charged，so
you
had
better
observe
the
traffic
rules
strictly.
闯黄灯都要被罚款，你最好严格遵守交通规则。
(4)庆祝(生日、节日、周年等)
Chinese
people
observe
the
Spring
Festival
in
the
same
way
that
western
people
observe
Christmas
Day.
中国人庆祝春节就像西方人庆祝圣诞节一样(重要)。
[归纳拓展]
(1)
observe
sb.
(2)observe
the
traffic
rules遵守交通规则
(3)observe
the
Spring
Festival/Christmas庆祝春节/圣诞节
[巧学助记]
[名师点拨]
observe
sb.do
sth.在变成被动语态时，应添加省掉的不定式符号“to”。
This
kind
of
cover
has
been
observed
to
influence
the
growth
of
plants.
人们观察到这种罩子对植物生长有影响。
[巧学助记]
一言巧记observe
When
we
attend
the
parade
to
observe
the
National
Day，we
must
observe
the
traffic
regulations.If
we
observe
someone
run
the
red
light,
we
should
stop
him.
当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。
[即时巩固]
写出下列句中observe的含义
①Do
you
observe
Christmas
Day
in
your
country？(庆祝)
②Students
must
observe
the
rules
of
the
school.(遵守)
③The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
difficult
for
us
to
observe.(看到，观察到)
④I
felt
he
was
observing
everything
I
did.(监视)
单句语法填空
⑤We
observed
(observe)
that
it
had
turned
cloudy.
⑥On
the
top
of
Mountain
Tai,
people
observed
excitedly
the
sun
rising
(rise)from
the
horizon.
⑦He
was
observed
to_follow
(follow)her
closely.
range
n.种类；范围；界限；射程 v.?在一定范围内?变动；变化；排列
①The
hotel
offers
a
wide
range
of
facilities
and
services.
这家酒店提供一系列的设施和服务。
②Cups
and
plates
were
neatly
ranged
on
her
shelves.
杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。
③Prices
range
between
$7
and
$10.
价格在7美元到10美元之间。
[巧学助记]
[归纳拓展]
range
between...and...包括从……到……之间的各类事物
out
of
one's
range某人达不到
range
from...to...在……和……之间变化
range
over范围涉及
a
wide
range
of
temperature气温变化大
within
the
range
of...在……范围之内
beyond
the
range
of超越……的范围
in
the
range
of在……的范围内
①The
price
of
the
house
is
well
beyond
our
range.
这所房子的价格远远超过了我们能承受的范围。
②There
will
be
an
increase
in
the
range
of
1
to
3
percent.
将会有一到三个百分点的增长幅度。
③There
were
120
students
whose
ages
ranged
from
10
to
18.
有120名学生的年龄在10到18岁之间。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①Experts
say
eating
a
wide
range
of
fruit
and
vegetables,
as
part
of
a
balanced
diet，can
protect
us
against
illness.
解析：句意：专家说，作为均衡饮食的一部分，吃各种各样的水果和蔬菜能防止我们患病。考查固定短语。a
wide
range
of各种各样的。
②The
effects
of
air
pollution
range
from
mild
headaches
to
death.
解析：句意：空气污染所产生的影响不等——从轻微头疼到死亡。考查固定搭配。range
from...to...从……到……变化。
③Many
studies
show
that
people
with
a
narrow
range
of
social
contacts
often
get
sick.
解析：句意：很多研究表明社交少的人经常生病。考查固定短语。a
range
of
一系列，一些。
4
①Well，he
was
not
going
to
hold
his
breath
for
her
to
apologize.
嗯，他不想屏息等她来道歉。
②You
should
apologize
to
her
for
your
carelessness.
你应该为你的粗心大意向她道歉。
[归纳拓展]
(1)apologize
to
sb.for
sth.因某事向某人道歉
apologize
to
sb.for
doing
sth.因做某事向某人道歉
(2)apology
n．道歉；辩白
make/offer
an
apology
to
sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse
an/one's
apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
He
made
an
apology
to
her
for
not
replying
to
her
letter
in
time.
他因没有及时给她回信而向她道歉。
[即时巩固]
一句多译
他应该为他的粗鲁向她赔礼道歉。
①He
should
make/offer_an_apology_to_her_for
his
rudeness.(apology)
②He
should
offer_her_an_apology_for
his
rudeness.(apology)
③He
should
apologize_to_her_for_his_being
rude
to
her.(apologize)
单句语法填空
④The
captain
made
an
apology
to
the
passengers
for
the
delay
caused
by
bad
weather.
解析：句意：恶劣天气导致航班误点，船长向乘客们致歉。make
an
apology
to
sb.for
(doing)
sth.表示“因(做)某事向某人道歉”。
⑤Tina
apologized
to
her
mother
for
breaking
her
favourite
necklace.
解析：考查介词。句意：因为弄坏了母亲最喜欢的项链，Tina向她母亲道了歉。apologize
to
sb.for
sth.“因某事向某人道歉”。
1
I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
her.
我盼望着收到她的信。
[归纳拓展]
hear
about/of听说；听到；听到说起
hear
that...听人说起……
hear
sb.do
sth.听到某人做了某事
hear
sb.doing
sth.听到某人正在做某事
①I've
never
heard
of
anyone
doing
a
thing
like
that.
我从来没听说有人会做这种事。
②We
often
hear
the
couple
quarrel.And
this
morning
when
I
was
passing
by，I
heard
them
quarreling
again.
我们经常听到这对夫妇吵架，今天早上我路过时又再次听到他们吵架的声音。
温馨提示：hear
from后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不可接某人的信(letter)作宾语。“收到某人的信”可用get
a
letter
from
sb.来表示。
[巧学助记]
I
heard
from
my
friend
yesterday.
昨天我收到了一封朋友的来信。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①I
am
delighted
to_hear_from
you.
＝I
am
delighted
to_receive_a_letter_from
you.
我很高兴收到你的来信。
②I
hear_that
he
was
in
prison
once.
听说他曾经坐过牢。
③I
have
never
heard_of/about
such
a
story.
我从未听说过这样的故事。
一句多译
④I
hear_that
she
is
ill.
＝I
hear_of/about
her
illness.
我听说她病了。
2
(1)脱掉(衣服)，摘掉
Take
off
your
clothes;
they're
very
wet.
脱掉你的衣服，衣服湿透了。
(2)休假，休息
I've
decided
to
take
a
few
days
off
next
week.
我决定下星期休息几天。
(3)取消，停演
The
show
was
taken
off
because
of
a
poor
audience
figure.
该剧目因不卖座而停演了。
(4)(飞机)起飞
The
nursery
teacher
often
leads
her
children
to
watch
planes
take
off
or
land.
幼儿园教师经常带领孩子们去看飞机起飞或降落。
(5)匆匆离去，匆忙离开
When
he
saw
me
coming
he
took
off
in
the
opposite
direction.
他见我走过来便赶快转身走了。
(6)突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
Her
singing
career
took
off
after
her
TV
appearance.
她在电视上亮相后，歌唱事业便迅速走红。
[归纳拓展]
take
apart拆开
take
back
收回
take
in
理解；上当
take
on
呈现
take
over
接管
take
to
喜欢上
take
up
占用
[即时巩固]
用恰当的take的短语填空
①Rod
loves
taking_apart
clocks.
However,
he
never
manages
to
put
them
together
again.
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：罗德喜欢拆钟表，然而他从来不能把它们再组装起来。take
apart“拆开，分开”。
②Ted
doesn't
know
what
to
take_up
at
the
university;
he
can't
make
up
his
mind
about
his
future.
3
have/make
an
impact
on...对……有影响
①The
move
is
not
expected
to
make
an
impact
on
the
company's
employees.
预计这一行动对公司职员不会产生什么巨大的影响。
②Our
regional
measures
have
had
a
significant
impact
on
unemployment.
我们的区域措施对失业有重大影响。
[归纳拓展]
achieve
an
impact
on
对……造成影响
have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
make
a
difference
to
对……有影响
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①His
speech
made_a_great_impact_on
(造成巨大影响)
everyone
present.
②The
polluted
water
here
has_a_bad_effect_on
(有不良影响)
people's
health.
Strangely，
his
beard
is
still
red
even
though
his
hair
is
turning
grey.,奇怪的是，他的胡须仍旧是红色的，即使他的头发正在变白。
[句式分析]
句中even
though引导一个让步状语从句。
提示：even
though/if引导的让步状语从句，其主从句谓语可以用陈述语气说明事实或可能成为事实，也可以用虚拟语气说明与事实相反情况或不可能成为事实的情况。
①Even
though
Bruce
gets
accepted
to
Harvard，his
family
isn't
able
to
afford
the
expensive
tuition.
即使布鲁斯被哈佛大学录取，他家也付不起那昂贵的学费。
②Even
though
the
poisoned
man
had
been
treated
in
the
hospital，he
wouldn't
have
been
saved.
即使那个中毒的人在医院得到治疗，他也不会被救活。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①He
is
so
busy.He
cannot
afford
enough
time
with
his
son
even
if/though
he
wants
to.
解析：本题考查连词的用法。even
if/though即使。
翻译句子
②尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。
I_like_her,_even_though/if_she_may_be_annoying_at_times.
But
I
usually
wear
my
hair
in
a
ponytail
these
days
as
it
has
got
a
lot
longer.,但是这些天里我经常扎着马尾辫，因为我的头发有点长了。
[句式分析]
(1)句中as用连词，意为“因为”。
(2)句中a
lot作状语，用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，加强比较级的程度。类似的词还有still，no，any，much，rather，a
bit，a
little，far，even，a
great
deal等。
①You
are
standing
too
close
to
the
camera.Can
you
move
a
little
farther?
你站得离相机太近了。你能离得再远一点吗？
②Are
you
feeling
any
better?
你感觉好点了吗？
③There
are
even
more
people
than
expected.
到的人比预料的还要多。
注意：so，quite，very，fairly，greatly，too只修饰形容词、副词的原级。
Tom
is
so
friendly
that
we
all
feel
greatly
delighted
to
work
with
him.
汤姆如此之友好，我们与他共事感觉极其快乐。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①As
it
is
snowing,
we
shall
not
go
to
the
park.
②After
two
years'
research，we
now
have
a
far
better
understanding
of
the
disease.
解析：far用于修饰比较级，表示数量、程度等，意为“……得多”。
...and
jogging
has
kept
her
slim
and
fit.
……慢跑使她既苗条又健康。
[句式分析]
句中使用了“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keep意为“使……处于某种状态”。该结构的常见形式有：
(1)keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
①I
was
too
tired
to
keep
my
eyes
open.
我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
②In
our
daily
life,
we
must
keep
ourselves
away
from
danger.
日常生活中，我们必须使自己远离危险。
(2)keep＋sb./sth.＋介宾短语
You
should
keep
your
hands
behind
your
backs.
你们应该把手放在背后。
(3)keep＋sb./sth.＋现在分词(表示主动和状态的持续)
I'm
sorry.I
have
kept
you
waiting
outside
for
so
long.
对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。
(4)keep＋sb./sth.＋过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)
Keep
your
mouth
shut
and
your
eyes
open.
少说话，多观察。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①His
mother
kept
him_standing_outside
for
5
minutes.
他妈妈让他在外面站了五分钟。
单句语法填空
②Lucy
has
a
great
sense
of
humor
and
always
keeps
her
colleagues
amused
(amuse)
with
her
stories.
解析：考查非谓语动词。keep＋sb./sth.＋宾补“使……处于某种状态”。根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词为被动关系，故填amused。
[句式分析]
此句为简单句，“can't
wait
to
do”意为：迫不及待要做某事，相当于can
hardly
wait
to
do。
①Hearing
that
the
famous
star
is
coming,
his
fans
can
hardly
wait
to
see
him.
听说这位著名的明星要来，他的粉丝们迫不及待地想见到他。
②I
can
hardly
wait
to
know
what
has
happened.
我迫不及待地想知道发生了什么。
[归纳拓展]
can't
wait
for
doing
sth.
迫不及待地做某事
can't
help
doing
sth.
忍不住做某事
can't
help
(to)
do
sth.
不能帮忙做某事
can't
help
but
do
sth.
不得不做某事
Hearing
the
news,
she
couldn't
help
laughing.
听到这个消息，她禁不住笑了起来。
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①When
Jim
was
told
that
he
could
go
on
a
journey
to
China
with
his
father,
he_could_hardly_wait_to_pack_up
(他迫不及待地收拾行李)．
单句语法填空
②At
the
funny
story,
we
couldn't
help
laughing
(laugh)．
③His
wife
was
out.
He
could
not
help
but
cook
(cook)
for
himself.
④When
they
knew
there
was
a
panda
in
the
park,
the
children
could
hardly
wait
to_see
(see)
it.
复习五种基本时态的用法
Ⅰ.五种时态的用法
1．一般现在时
(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
Time
and
tide
wait
for
no
man.
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice
feels
cold.
They
always
care
for
each
other
and
help
each
other.
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see,
hear,
smell,
taste,
feel,
notice,
agree,
believe,
like,
hate,
want,
think,
belong
to,
seem等。
He
likes
his
bike.
All
the
students
here
belong
to
No.1
Middle
School.
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
I'll
write
to
her
when
I
have
time.
(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come,
go,
leave,
arrive,
fly,
return,
start,
begin,
open,
close,
end,
stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。
The
shop
closes
at
11：00
pm
every
day.
Tomorrow
is
Wednesday.
2．一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。
We
met
her
in
the
street
yesterday.
When
he
was
young,
he
took
cold
baths
regularly.
I
didn't
expect
to
see
you
studying
at
the
library.
(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。
He
told
me
he
read
an
interesting
novel
last
night.
(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but,
and
，when,
as
soon
as,
immediately,
the
moment,
the
minute等。
He
bought
a
watch
but
lost
it.
The
moment
she
came
in,
she
told
me
what
had
happened
to
her.
(4)常用一般过去时的句型。
Why
didn't
you
think
of
that?
I
didn't
notice
it.
I
forgot
to
tell
you
I
had
been
there
with
my
brother
before.
I
didn't
recognize
him.
3．一般将来时
(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,
next
week等。
We
will
have
a
meeting
tomorrow.
We
will
die
without
air
or
water.
(2)表示趋向行为的动词如come,
go,
start,
begin,
leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
The
students
are
leaving
on
Sunday.
(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be
going
to
do,
be
to
do,
be
about
to
do的用法及区别：
①be
going
to在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。
The
railway
is
going
to
be
open
on
October
1st.
②be
to
do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
A
meeting
is
to
be
held
at
3：00
o'clock
this
afternoon.
You
are
to
be
back
before
five
o'clock.
③be
about
to
do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn
harvest
is
about
to
start.
注意：be
going
to
do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will
do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be
going
to表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。
If
it
is
fine,
we'll
go
fishing.[√]
If
it
is
fine,
we
are
going
to
go
fishing.[×]
4．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；go,
come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always,
often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感彩。
He
is
working
on
a
paper.
She
is
teaching
English
and
learning
Chinese.
I
am
meeting
Mr.
Wang
tonight.
We
are
leaving
on
Friday.
The
girl
is
always
talking
loud
in
public.
(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like,
love,
hate,
care,
remember,
believe,
want,
mind,
wish,
agree,
mean,
need等。
②表示存在状态的动词：appear,
exist,
lie,
remain,
seem,
belong
to等。
③表示行为结果的动词：allow,
accept,
permit,
promise,
admit,
complete等。
④表示感官的动词：see,
hear,
notice,
feel,
smell,
sound,
taste,
look等。
5．现在完成时
(1)现在完成时除可以和for,
since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over
the
last/past
few
years/months/weeks/...,
in
recent
years,
so
far,
up
to
now等。
(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。
It
is/had
been＋一段时间＋since从句
This/That/It
is
the
first/second/...
time
that＋现在完成时。
This/That/It
is
the
best/finest/most
interesting/...＋that＋现在完成时。
(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。
I
shall
post
the
letter
as
soon
as
I
have
written
it.
If
you
have
done
the
experiment,
you
will
realize
the
theory
better.
Don't
get
off
the
bus
until
it
has
stopped.
Ⅱ.易混淆的时态
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①(北京高考改编)I
have_read
(read)
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I'll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
解析：通过half
of
the
English
novel
和
I'll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend判断出已完成了小说的一半，所以要用现在完成时。
②(四川高考改编)
Then，after
two
and
a
half
years，the
mother
drove
(drive)
the
young
panda
away.
解析：句意：然后，两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。
③(浙江高考改编)
While
online
shopping
has_changed
(change)
our
life，not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
解析：句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online
shopping，结合语境以及后面的have
been可知，这里要用现在完成时。
④(北京高考改编)
—Dr
Jackson
is
not
in
his
office
at
the
moment.
—All
right.
I
will_call
(call)
him
later.
解析：句意：——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。——好的。我一会儿打给他。根据发话者的is
not...at
the
moment及答语中的later可知，在这种情况下，答话者将晚点打电话给他，用一般将来时态。
⑤—What's
that
terrible
noise?
—The
neighbors
are_preparing
(prepare)
for
a
party.
解析：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
⑥(江苏高考改编)The
real
reason
why
prices
were
(be),
and
still
are，too
high
is
complex,
and
no
short
discussion
can
satisfactorily
explain
this
problem.
解析：句意：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and
still
are(而且现在仍然是)判断，前面是指物价过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填were。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Many
times
the
person
who
hurt
you
does
not
intend
to
apologize
(道歉)．
2．Could
you
tell
me
how
you
usually
observe
(庆祝)
Thanksgiving
Day
in
your
country?
3．Welty，a
slim
(苗条的)
figure
in
a
simple
gray
dress，looked
pleased
with
this
explanation.
4．This
is
why
I
think
the
theme
(主题)
is
important.
5．Climate
change
has
even
a
negative
impact
(影响)on
plankton.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Hardly
had
I
left
my
house
when
it
began
(begin)
to
rain.
2．Next
week
I'm
going
to
Xinjiang.It
will_be
(be)two
years
before
I
come
back.
3．She
will
keep
on
singing
unless
she
is_told
(tell)
to
stop.
4．I
have_grown
(grow)not
only
physically，but
also
mentally
in
the
past
few
years.
5．Please
accept
our
apology
(apologize)
for
the
inconvenience
this
matter
has
given
you.
6．Most
importantly
(important)，though，remember
the
following
old
rule.
7．He
is
often
observed
to_go
(go)
shopping
with
his
classmates.
8．Between
the
lakes
is
(be)a
village，which
has
a
population
of
about
two
hundred.
9．He
finds
it
hard
to
focus
his
thoughts
on
one
thing
for
longer
than
five
minutes.
10．Hearing
the
sad
news，the
mothers
present
at
the
meeting
couldn't
help
crying
(cry)．
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．When
I
came
in，the
students
were_busy_with/(in)_doing
their
homework.(busy)
当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。
2．Answers
called
out
ranged_from
eight
to
twenty
ounces(盎司)．
答案范围从8到20盎司。
3．I
can_hardly_wait_to_tell/can't_wait_to_tell
Li
Ping
the
good
news
that
she
has
been
admitted
to
Beijing
University.
我迫不及待地告诉李萍她被北京大学录取的好消息。
4．He
thought
that
his
bad
mood
was_related_to
a
lack
of
sleep.
他认为他的坏情绪与缺乏睡眠有关。
5．An
hour
later，I
woke
up
suddenly
with_the_solution_clearly_in_mind.
一个小时后，我突然醒来，脑海里有清楚的解决方案。(用with复合结构)
PAGEUnit
3
Family
matters
第三课时 Developing
ideas
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．admire
(v.)钦佩，赞美，羡慕
2．judge
(v.)认为，判断
3．settle
(v.)和解；结束(争论)
4．typically
(adv.)一般，通常
5．style
(n.)风格
6．extra
(adj.)
额外的，另外的
7．detail
(n.)
细节，细节之处
8．contain
(v.)包含，含有
9．summary
(n.)总结，概要
10．powerful
(adj.)强有力的
11．series
(n.)系列比赛，系列事件
12．track
(n.)跑道
13．obviously
(adv.)明显地，显而易见地→obvious
(adj.)明显的，显然的
14．despite
(prep.)尽管，虽然
15．throughout
(prep.)在整个期间，自始至终
16．entire
(adj.)全部的，整个的→entirely
(adv.)全部，整个
17．positive
(adj.)好的，积极的→negative
(反义词)
18．million
(num.)百万；许多，无数
19．athlete
(n.)运动员，田径运动员
20．medal
(n.)奖章，勋章
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．in_the_lead
领先
2．encourage_each_other
彼此鼓励
3．win_the_race
赢得比赛
4．in_trouble
在困境中
5．now_and_then
不时地
6．leave_behind
遗留，留下
7．at
once
立刻，马上
8．no
longer
不再
9．make
use
of
使用；利用
10．a
positive
force
一种积极的力量
11．take
care
of
照顾；照料
12．praise
highly
for
高度赞扬
Ⅲ.语篇理解
Step
Ⅰ.Read
the
text
and
choose
the
best
answers.
1．Why
did
Alistair
stop
pushing
himself
towards
the
finish
line?
A．Because
he
was
out
of
breath.
B．Because
his
younger
brother
was
in
trouble.
C．Because
he
didn't
want
to
win
the
game.
D．Because
his
mother
expected
his
younger
brother
to
win
the
gold
medal.
解析：B
2．Who
won
the
gold
medal
at
last?
A．Alistair
Brownlee.
B．Jonny.
C．A
man
whose
name
hasn't
been
mentioned.
解析：C
3．What
did
Alistair
think
of
“having
a
brother”？
A．An
advantage.
B．A
disadvantage.
C．It
depends.
D．It's
hard
to
say.
解析：A
4．What's
the
audience's
opinion
about
the
ending
to
the
race?
A．They
thought
the
brothers
should
have
been
disqualified.
B．They
thought
highly
for
the
brothers'
actions.
C．They
didn't
make
a
conclusion.
D．They
took
it
for
granted.
解析：C
Step
Ⅱ.Decide
whether
the
following
sentences
are
true
or
false.
1．Alistair
was
about
to
fall
onto
the
track.( F )
2．Alistair
made
his
choice
without
hesitation.( T )
3．At
last,
Jonny
won
the
silver
medal.( T )
4．The
brothers
alway
argued
over
“stupid
things”．( F )
5．Mom
would
be
glad
when
she
saw
her
son's
action.( T )
6．After
the
moment,
Alistair
was
no
longer
an
athlete.( F )
Step
Ⅲ.Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
With
just
700
metres
1.to_go
(go),
Alistair
Brownlee
was
in
2.third
(three)
place
and
Jonny
was
in
the
lead.
But
when
Alistair
came
3.around
the
corner,
he
found
his
brother
about
to
fall
onto
the
track,
4.realizing
(realize)
his
brother
was
5.in
trouble.
He
ran
towards
Jonny,
6.caught
(catch)
him
and
started
pulling
him
towards
the
finish
line.
It
was
an
7.unexpected
(expect)
end.
People
have
different
8.opinions
(opinion)
about
the
result.
But
for
Alistair,
at
that
moment,
he
was
no
longer
an
athlete
9.who
aimed
for
a
medal,
because
he
hadn't
wanted
to
leave
his
brother
10.behind.
1
①China
and
Japan
have
Mid?Autumn
Festivals，when
people
admire
the
moon
and
in
China，enjoy
mooncakes.
中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月，在中国人们还品尝月饼。
②Having
been
an
immigrant(移民)myself，I
don't
admire
people
who
go
overseas
to
find
a
job.
作为一名移民，我不羡慕那些去海外寻找工作的人们。
[归纳拓展]
(1)admire
sb.for
sth.因某事而钦佩某人
(2)admiration
n．钦佩；羡慕
with/in
admiration钦佩地
express/have
admiration
for
sb.钦佩某人
(3)admirer
n．赞赏者；羡慕者；追求者
admirable
adj.值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的
[巧学助记]
情景巧记admire
The
admirers
admired
their
idol
for
his
excellent
painting，which
they
enjoyed
with/in
admiration，and
because
of
having
admiration
for
him，they
often
sent
emails
to
him.
这些崇拜者钦佩他们的偶像，因为他的油画很出色。他们带着钦佩之情欣赏他的油画。因为钦佩他，他们经常给他发邮件。
[名师点拨]
admire后不可接that从句作宾语或双宾语。
[误]She
admired
him
his
poems.
[正]She
admired
his
poems.
[正]She
admired
him
for
his
poems.
[巧学助记]
The
ugly
duck
admires
the
flying
swan.
丑小鸭羡慕飞翔着的天鹅。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①Reading
her
biography，I
was
lost
in
admiration
(admire)
for
what
Doris
Lessing
had
achieved
in
literature.
②She
was
admiring
(admire)
the
view
from
the
window
when
I
came
in.
③We
admired
the
artists
for
their
admirable
skills.(admire)
完成句子
④I
admire_him_for
his
bravery
and
learning.
我钦佩他胆识过人，知识渊博。
2
(1)n.[C]裁判员；法官；鉴赏家
Judges
are
those
who
defend
right
against
wrong.
法官是维护正义，反对邪恶的人。
(2)v.判断；断定；评价
It
is
important
to
judge
the
weight
of
your
washing
load
correctly.
正确估计待洗衣物的重量很重要。
[巧学助记]
That
judge
judged
that
these
ancient
pictures
should
be
judged
by
some
judges
of
art.
那位法官认为这些古画应该由一些擅长艺术鉴定的鉴赏家来鉴定。
[归纳拓展]
(1)judge...by/from...
通过……判断……
judge
sb./sth.
as/to
be...
断定某人/物是……
as
far
as
I
can
judge
据我判断
judging
by/from...
从……来看，根据……判断
(2)judg(e)ment
n．判决；判断；评价
in
one's
judg(e)ment
在某人看来
①Don't
judge
a
person
by/from
his
appearance.
勿以貌取人。
②Judging
from
his
accent,
he
must
be
a
southerner.
根据他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。[名师点拨]
judging
by/from表示“从……来看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
英语中类似judging
by/from用法的独立成分还有很多，例如：generally/exactly/frankly/honestly
speaking
(一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说)，considering
(that)．..(考虑到，鉴于，就……而言)，providing/provided
(that)．..(假如，倘若……)等。
①Honestly
speaking,
he
is
not
a
person
you
can
trust.
说实话，他不是一个你信得过的人。
②Considering
his
age,
the
child
reads
quite
well.
鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相当好。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①You
should
never
judge
a
person
from/by
his
appearance.
②Judging
(judge)
from
his
pale
face,
he
may
not
feel
well.
③He
is
a
man
of
good
judgement
(judge)．
3
(1)vi.
&
vt.安家；(使)定居
The
family
has
settled
in
Canada.
这家人已定居加拿大。
(2)vi.
停留
Her
eyes
settled
on
the
man
in
the
corner.
她的目光停留在角落里那名男子的身上。
(3)vt.
&
vi.解决(分歧、纠纷等)；结束(争论、争端等)
We
firmly
believe
that
war
never
settles
anything.
我们坚决认为战争不会解决任何事情。
(4)vt.
(最终)决定，确定；安排好
It's
all
settled—they're
leaving
at
nine
o'clock
by
plane.
一切都定下来了——他们乘9点的飞机走。
[归纳拓展]
(1)settle
in/into
安顿下来；习惯于；适应
settle
down
(使)安定；安居；习惯于某种生活或工作
settle
down
to
sth.着手认真做某事
(2)settlement
n．解决；定居
settler
n.
移居者；殖民者
①He
had
often
dreamed
of
retiring
in
China
and
had
planned
to
settle
down
in
Xiamen.
他曾经常梦想着在中国退休，并已计划好在厦门定居。
②I
must
settle
down
to
finishing
the
term
paper
this
morning.
我今天上午必须认真完成学期论文。
[巧学助记]
语境巧记settle家族
On
settling
in
the
new
settlement,
what
concerns
the
settlers
is
that
they
have
got
to
look
for
a
settlement
to
settle
their
transportation
in
order
to
settle
down
to
their
new
work.
刚在新居安顿下来，移居者们关心的是他们必须找一个方法解决交通问题，这样他们才能够着手认真做新工作。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①Mr
and
Mrs
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
settle
down,_get
married,
and
have
kids.
②He
has
settled
down
to
farming.
③We
finally
settled
in
our
new
home
with
the
new
furniture
settled.
④With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to_settle
(settle),
the
newly?elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
4
(1)包含；容纳
①This
book
contains
all
the
information
you
need.
这本书包含了你所需的一切资料。
②The
jar
contains
ten
glasses
of
water.
这只广口瓶能装10杯水。
(2)抑制；控制；克制(强烈的情感)
The
little
girl
could
not
contain
herself
with
delight
when
she
received
her
birthday
present.
当小女孩收到生日礼物时，她简直抑制不住自己兴奋的心情。
[归纳拓展]
(1)contain
oneself
with
sth.使自己抑制住……
contain
oneself
克制自己
(2)container
n.
容器
①I
was
so
angry
that
I
just
couldn't
contain
myself.
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
②I
want
a
container
for
these
cookies.
我想要一个容器装这些饼干。
[易混辨析]
contain/include
词汇
用法
contain
可指所包含或容纳的全部或某物的成分；其主语和宾语不属于同类
include
指作为整体中的一部分被包括进去，其主语和宾语属同类，是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including＋被包含部分”或“被包含部分＋included”
[巧学助记]
The
book
contains
ten
chapters，including
American
Literature.
＝The
book
contains
ten
chapters,
American
Literature
included.
这本书含有10章，其中包括美国文学。
[即时巩固]
选词填空(include/contain)
①The
tour
includes
a
visit
to
Paris.
②The
basket
contains
a
variety
of
fruits.
③Many
women
were
waiting
to
buy
that
kind
of
cloth,
including
my
mother.
④Many
women
were
waiting
to
buy
that
kind
of
cloth,
my
mother
included.
翻译句子
⑤She
couldn't
contain
herself
for
joy.
她高兴地难以自抑。
5
①As
an
enthusiastic
reader,
I
had
gone
through
the
books?for?boys
series.
作为一名热情的读者，我已读了男孩系列的书。
②His
words
are
long
enough
to
run
in
series.
他的话，长到足以连成一串。
③A
series
of
measures
has
been
taken
to
help
people
go
through
the
difficult
time.
已采取一系列措施帮助人们经历这个艰难时期。
[归纳拓展]
in
series
一串
a
series
of...
一系列；一连串；一套
[名师点拨]
series是可数名词，单复数同形
a
series
of＋n.(复数)作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①After
a
series
of
problems
was_solved
(solve),
the
new
leader
felt
a
sense
of
relief.
②Recently
two
series
of
stamps
have_come
(come)out.
6
(1)prep.遍及；贯穿
①They
sang
songs
throughout
the
trip.
整个旅途中他们歌声不断。
②This
experience
will
be
of
value
to
them
throughout
their
lives.
这个经历对他们一生都有价值。
③(全国卷Ⅱ)I
had
advised
the
kids
that
while
verbs(动词)may
seem
dull，most
of
the
fun
things
they
do
throughout
their
lives
will
be
verbs.
我已经建议孩子们尽管动词可能看上去很枯燥，在他们一生中做得最有趣的事情将会是动词。
(2)adv.到处，始终；全部
The
building
is
well
built
throughout.
这栋楼房处处都建造得良好。
[名师点拨]
(1)介词throughout意为“遍及”时，相当于all
over，后接表示地点的名词。
(2)介词throughout意为“贯穿”时，相当于all
through，后接表示时间的名词。
(3)
throughout用作副词时，意为“处处；始终”，通常用在句尾。
[即时巩固]
一句多译
大雨下了整整一夜。
①The
rain
poured
down
throughout_the_night.
②The
rain
poured
down
all_through_the_night.
到这个月底全国的学生都要放假了。
③By
the
end
of
this
month
students
in
school
will
leave
for
holidays
throughout_the_country.
④By
the
end
of
this
month
students
in
school
will
leave
for
holidays
all_over_the_country.
7
(1)～(about
sth.)自信的，积极乐观的
She
tries
to
be
more
positive
about
her
new
job.
她力求对新工作更有信心。
(2)积极的，建设性的，朝着成功的
He
has
a
positive
attitude
towards
life.
他对生活持有积极的态度。
(3)表示赞同的，拥护的
We've
had
a
very
positive
response
to
the
idea.
我们对这个想法的反应很好。
(4)良好的，有益的，正面的
His
family
have
a
very
positive
influence
on
him.
他的家人对他有良好的影响。
(5)～(about
sth.)|～(that...)有绝对把握，确信，肯定
She
was
quite
positive
about
the
amount
of
money
involved.
她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。
[归纳拓展]
be
positive
of/about对……有把握
positively
adv.确实地；肯定地；毫无疑问地
passive
adj.消极的；被动的
[易混辨析]
positive，certain，definite与sure
(1)positive：语气强烈，指对自己的看法或做的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。
(2)certain：与sure同义，但语气比sure强，着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。
(3)definite：指已毫无怀疑的余地。
(4)sure：侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。
①There
is
positive
proof
that
he
did
it.
有确凿的证据证明他做了这件事。
②We
are
sure
of
his
innocence.
我们确信他是无辜的。
③I'm
quite
certain
of
that.
对那事我完全可以肯定。
④It's
definite
that
he'll
be
late
again.
他肯定又要迟到了。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①Thinking
positively
(positive)
is
one
way
of
dealing
with
stress.
用恰当词语填空
②Her
positive
character
didn't
help
her
become
an
actress.
解析：句意：她积极向上的性格对她成为一名演员来说没有什么帮助。
1
①Elias
went
to
see
Nelson
Mandela
when
he
was
in
trouble.
当纳尔逊·曼德拉身处困境时，伊莱亚斯去看过他。
②Although
Mike
was
in
trouble,
he
didn't
lose
heart.
虽然迈克遇到了麻烦，但他并没有灰心。
③We
should
lend
a
hand
to
those
people
in
trouble.
我们应该帮助那些处于困境中的人。
[归纳拓展]
ask
for
trouble
自找麻烦；自寻烦恼
get
into
trouble
陷入困境
make/cause
trouble
惹是生非；制造麻烦
have
trouble/difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth.
不辞辛劳地做某事
①You're
just
asking
for
trouble
if
you
don't
give
them
the
money.
如果你不给他们这些钱，你就是在自找麻烦。
②We
had
no
trouble
persuading
the
boy.
我们毫不费力地说服了这个男孩。
③The
soldiers
took
the
trouble
to
rescue
the
workers
trapped
in
the
mine.
士兵们不辞辛劳地营救被困在矿井中的工人。
[巧学助记]
Don't
trouble
trouble
till
trouble
troubles
you.
麻烦没找你，你别找麻烦。
第一、四个trouble为动词，第二、三个trouble为名词。
[名师点拨]
“be
in＋抽象名词”表示处于某种状态：
be
in
danger
处于危险中
be
in
peace
处于和平状态
be
in
control
在控制下
be
in
silence
在沉默中
be
in
love
恋爱中
be
in
place
在适当位置
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①Whenever
we
are
in_trouble
(陷入困境),
we
should
never
lose
heart.
②You'll
get_into_trouble
(陷入困境)
if
your
identity
card
is
made
use
of
by
others.
③The
teacher
takes_the_trouble_to
(不辞辛劳地)give
us
useful
tips
on
study.
④Some
teenagers
have
trouble
getting
along
with
(与……相处有困难)
their
parents.
⑤Tom
is
my
best
friend.
He
has
a
serious
shortcoming.
He
likes
asking_for_trouble
(自找麻烦)
and
always
gets_into_trouble
(陷入麻烦).
When
he
is
in_trouble
(处于困境)，he
often
turns
to
me
for
help
and
I
am
always
willing
to
lend
him
a
hand.
One
day,
he
had_trouble(in)
(有困难)
finding
his
own
home,
for
he
drank
too
much.
I,
who
was
his
best
friend,
took_the_trouble
(不辞辛苦)
to
drive
him
home.
Later,
he
was
grateful
to
me
for
my
help.
2
no
longer/not...
any
longer不再
She
no
longer
needed
the
shoe!
＝She
didn't
need
the
shoe
any
longer!
她不再需要那只鞋子了！
[名师点拨]
no
longer/not...
any
longer指时间、状态或距离上的不再延续。
no
more/not...any
more
指在程度或数量上的不再增加。
①She
could
not
keep
up
with
other
classmates
in
her
class
any
longer.
她不能再赶上班上其他的同学了。
②I
won't
say
that
any
more.
我不会再说那件事了。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
By
the
time
you
are
reading
this
letter,
I'm
sure
I'm
no
longer
around
you.
3
If
you
don't
study
hard,
you'll
soon
be
left
behind.
你若不用功学，很快就会被落下。
[归纳拓展]
leave
out遗漏；省去；不考虑
leave
sth.as
it
is听任某事自由发展
leave
alone
不管；不打扰；让……一个人待着
leave
for动身到
leave
off停止(做某事)
①He
left
out
a
word
in
this
sentence.
他在这个句子里漏掉了一个单词。
②Last
period
we
left
off
at
the
end
of
Unit
1.
上一节课我们在第一单元的结尾处停下的。
③It's
not
your
problem;
why
don't
you
leave
it
alone?
这不是你的问题，你何必去管它呢？
[即时巩固]
补全句子
①The
girl
is
sad
because
she
has
failed
the
physics
test.Let's
leave_her_alone
(让她一个人待着)and
I
believe
she
will
calm
down
soon.
②Today，we
will
begin
where
we
stopped
yesterday
so
that
no
point
will_be_left_out
(会被漏掉)．
③Lee，as
well
as
his
parents,
is_likely_to_leave_for
(可能动身去)Shanghai
tomorrow
for
an
international
exhibition.
4
The
cemetery
where
Coghlan
was
buried
was
destroyed
by
the
hurricane
and
Coghlan's
coffin
ended
up
in
the
sea.
科格伦的墓地被飓风毁掉，结果灵柩也冲到大海里去了。
[归纳拓展]
end
up
doing
sth.
最终在做某事
end
(up)
in
以……告终；结果为……
end
(up)
with
以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
end
up
as
作为……而结束
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①Some
people
tried
many
ways
to
lose
weight,
ending
up
gaining
(gain)
weight
soon
again.
②The
lecture
ended
up
with
a
poem
of
an
ancient
Chinese
poet.
The
Brownlee
brothers
have
been
doing
triathlon
since
they
were
children.?自从孩提时代开始布朗利兄弟俩就一直练铁人三项运动。
[句式分析]
Have
been
doing是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。
We
have
been
working
on
this
project
for
over
a
month
now.
到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。
[易混辨析]
现在完成进行时和现在完成时
(1)现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：
They
have
built
a
house.(完成)
他们建了一座房子。
They
have
been
building
a
house.(尚未完成)
他们一直在建一座房子。
(2)现在完成进行时是由“have/has
been＋doing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。
Have
you
been
meeting
him
recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Have
you
met
him
recently?
你最近见到过他吗？
(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。
I
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
two
hours.
我等你等了两个小时了。(可能表示不满)
I
have
waited
for
you
for
two
hours.
我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
(4)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。
Who
has
been
eating
these
oranges?
谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)
Who
has
eaten
these
oranges?
谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)
(5)如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。
—Why
are
you
looking
a
bit
tired?
——为什么你看起来有点儿累？
—I
have
been
cleaning
the
house.
——我一直在打扫房子。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①—Excuse
me,
which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
—The
new
Star
Wars.We
have_been_waiting
(wait)here
for
more
than
two
hours.
解析：本题考查时态。句意：——劳驾，你在等着看哪部电影？
——新上映的《星球大战》。我们到现在为止已经等了两个多小时了。For＋时间段，与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话时仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时。
②The
girl
has
a
great
interest
in
sport
and
has_been_taking
(take)badminton
classes
twice
a
week
over
the
last
three
years.
解析：本题考查时态用法。由over
the
last
three
years可知用现在完成进行时。
But
for
Alistair，
his
decision
was
easy
to
explain.?但是对于阿利斯特来说，他的决定很容易解释。
[句式分析]
句中的“his
decision
was
easy
to
explain”为“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”结构，且不定式“to
explain”的逻辑宾语即为句子的主语，此处为不定式的主动形式表示被动的意义。
[名师点拨]
“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”结构的两个前提
(1)常用形容词有：difficult,
hard,
easy,
comfortable,
pleasant,
interesting，exciting等。
(2)不定式中的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
①The
water
isn't
fit
to
drink.
这水不适合喝。
②The
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
这个问题很难回答。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①When
the
host
told
the
challenger
the
destination
was_not_easy_to_reach
and
the
distance
was
a
little
long,
he
said
it
would
be
an_interesting_experience.
当主持人告诉挑战者目的地不容易到达，且距离有点长时，他却说这将会是一次有趣的经历。
②When
her
classmate
told
her
that
the_problem_was_hard_to_solve/settle,_she
said
it
would_be_very_exciting
to
work
it
out.
当她的同学告诉她这个问题很难解决时，她说解出这个问题将会令人很激动。
单句语法填空
③One
of
the
benefits
of
the
new
model
is
that
it
is
easier
to_operate
(operate)than
the
old
one.
解析：在“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：这种新模型的益处之一就是它比旧模型更容易操作。
④In
many
people's
opinion,
that
company,
though
relatively
small,
is
pleasant
to_deal
(deal)with.
解析：句意：在很多人看来，尽管相对较小，但是那家公司却是能与之相处(合作)愉快的。所填处作句子的主语补足语，且与主语构成动宾关系，应填to
deal，从而可还原成To
deal
with
that
company
is
pleasant。
Mom
wouldn't
have
been
happy
if
I'd
left
Jonny
behind.?如果我把乔尼抛在后面，妈妈会不高兴的。
[句式分析]
本句是虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句谓语用一般过去完成时，主句谓语用“should/would/could/might＋have
done”。
If
I
had
known
her
number,
I
would
have
called
her.
如果我知道她的电话号码，我就给她打电话了。
[归纳拓展]
分类
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
一般过去时
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时
would/should/could/might＋have
done
与将来事实相反
一般过去时were
to＋动词原形should＋动词原形
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①(北京高考改编)If
it
were
(be)
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
解析：考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were。
②If
we
had_booked
(book)
a
table
earlier，we
would
have
had
a
good
dinner.
③If
he
had_spent
(spend)
more
time
practising
speaking
English
before，he
would
have
been
able
to
speak
it
much
better.
I
was
about
to
throw
everything
away
when
my
mother
came
in.?我正要把所有东西都扔掉，这时妈妈进来了。
[句式分析]
本句含有“be
about
to...
when...”句式，该句式表示“正要……这时(突然)……”。when在此为并列连词，意为“就在这时(突然)”。
①I
was
about
to
say
when
you
interrupted
me.
我正要说话的时候，你插嘴了。
②I
was
about
to
go
out
when
the
telephone
rang.
我正要出去，电话铃响了。
[归纳拓展]
be
doing
sth.
when...正要做某事，就在这时……
be
going
to
do
sth./on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
when...正要做某事，就在这时……
had
just
done
sth.
when...刚刚做完某事，就在这时……
①We
were
having
a
meeting
when
someone
broke
in.
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
②She
was
on
the
point
of
watching
TV
when
there
was
a
power
failure.
她刚要看电视，这时突然停电了。
③I
had
just
gone
to
bed
when
the
telephone
rang.
我刚刚上床睡觉，突然电话铃响了。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①I
was_walking
in
the
street
when
I
saw
my
old
friend
Mary.
我正在街上走着，这时我看见了我的老朋友玛丽。
②I
was_about_to_go/on_the_point_of_going
to
your
home
to
help
you
with
your
English
when
my
uncle
came.
我正要出门去你家辅导你英语，这时我叔叔来了。
③I
had_just_finished
my
work
when
you
called
me.
我刚完成工作这时你来电话了。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We
should
not
judge
(判断)
him
or
her
by
his
appearance.
2．During
the
interview，the
reporter
asked
me
a
series
(一系列)of
questions.
3．As
far
as
I'm
concerned，taking
a
positive
(积极的)
attitude
to
the
examination
is
particularly
important.
4．I
have
to
do
some
extra
(额外的)
work.
5．This
textbook
contains
(包含)
six
modules.
6．He
obviously
(明显地)enjoyed
his
work.
7．The
athletes
(运动员)must
learn
to
respect
and
cooperate
with
people
from
many
nations
during
the
Games.
8．She
wrote
the
entire
(全部的)
novel
in
only
six
months.
9．China
has
made
efforts
for
a
breakthrough
in
the
total
number
of
gold
medals
(奖牌)
in
the
coming
Winter
Games.
10．There
is
a
summary
(总结)
at
the
end
of
each
chapter.
Ⅱ.选词填空
make
full
use
of，at
once，praise
for，in
trouble，end
up，in
the
lead，now
and
then，to
one's
surprise
1．He
is
a
devoted
father
because
he
was
strict
with
his
daughter
and
encouraged
her
when
she
was
in_trouble.
2．The
road
is
so
narrow
that
there
are
bound
to
be
traffic
jams
now_and_then.
3．If
he
carries
on
driving
like
that，he'll
end_up
in
prison.
4．To_our_surprise,_he
differs
from
his
twin
brother
in
hobbies.
5．He
cheered
up
at_once
when
his
father
promised
to
buy
him
a
cellphone.
6．She
was_praised_for
having
attended
on
her
sick
mother?in?law
for
over
thirty
years.
7．Making_full_use_of
time
is
a
good
habit，which
requires
one
to
plan
carefully.
8．Flash
is
still
very
much
in_the_lead
in
many
other
areas,
such
as
streaming,
video
capture,
and
content
protection.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Buried_in_his_books,_he
didn't
know
it
was
raining
outside.(bury
使用过去分词作状语)
由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。
2．I_can't_have_you_speaking_to
your
mother
in
a
rude
manner.
我不允许你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。
3．One
day，I
was_about_to_do
some
shopping
when
he
telephoned
me.
一天，我正要去买东西时，他打电话找我。
4．The
old
man
has_been_repairing
cars
for
thirty
years.
老人修车修了三十年了。
5．The
passage
was
easy
to_understand.
这篇文章很容易理解。
PAGEUnit
3
Family
matters
第四课时 Presenting
ideas
&
Reflection
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．approach
(vi./vt.)走近，靠近，接近 (n.)靠近，接近，临近；通路，入口；方法，方式(常与介词to连用)
2．chat
(n.)
闲谈；聊天(v.)
闲谈；聊天
3．assume
(v.)假定；假想；
以为；假装；装作；担任；承担
4．respect
(n.)尊敬；尊重；敬意 (v.)尊敬；尊重
5．ignore
(v.)不理睬；忽视
6．talent
(n.)天才；才干；特殊能力；有才能的人
7．option
(n.)选择，可选择的东西
8．currently
(adv.)现在，当前
9．regularly
(adv.)
经常
10．responsible
(adj.)
负有责任的，应承担责任的
11．memory
(n.)回忆，记忆
12．jogging
(n.)
慢跑锻炼
13．slim
(adj.)
苗条的，修长的
14．nation
(n.)
国家
15．theme
(n.)
主题
16．observe
(v.)
庆祝，过(节日，生日)等
17．apologize
(v.)道歉；辩白
18．impact
(n.)作用，影响
19．admire
(v.)
钦佩，赞美
20．judge
(v.)认为，判断
21．typically
(adv.)
一般，通常
22．extra
(adj.)
额外的，另外的
23．contain
(v.)包含，含有
24．summary
(n.)
总结，概要
25．obviously
(adv.)明显地，显而易见地
26．despite
(prep.)
尽管，虽然
27．positive
(adj.)
好的，积极的
28．medal
(n.)
奖牌，勋章
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．as_well_as
和；也
2．turn_to
求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)查阅；转向
3．focus_on
集中(注意力、精力等)于
4．calm_down
平静下来；镇静下来
5．in_the_end
最后；终于
6．be/feel_proud_of
为……感到自豪
7．take_place
发生；举行
8．hear_from
接到……的信
9．take
off
脱下；起飞
10．have/make
an
impact
on...
对……有影响
11．in
trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的困境中
12．no
longer/not...
any
longer
不再
13．end
up
结果为……；以……结束
14．make
use
of
利用；使用
15．leave
behind
留下；遗忘，把……抛在后面
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．Here
comes
my
boy.
我儿子过来了。
2．...but
that's_only_because
you
are
a
lawyer.
……那仅仅是因为你是一位律师。
3．Making_music
is
a
job.
制作音乐就是一项工作。
4．Strangely,
his
beard
is
still
red
even_though
his
hair
is
turning
grey.
奇怪的是，他的胡须仍旧是红色的，即使他的头发正在变白。
5．But
I
usually
wear
my
hair
in
a
ponytail
these
days
as
it
has
got
a
lot
longer.
但是这些天我经常扎着马尾辫，因为我的发有点长了。
6．Can't_wait_to
see
you
back
in
school!
迫不及待地想在学校里见到你！
7．...and
jogging
has
kept
her
slim
and
fit.
……慢跑使她既苗条又健康。
8．The
Brownlee
brothers
have_been_doing
triathlon
since
they
were
children.
自从孩提时代开始布朗利兄弟俩就一直练铁人三项运动。
9．But
for
Alistair,
his
decision
was
easy
to_explain.
但是对于阿利斯特来说，他的决定很容易解释。
10．Mom
wouldn't_have_been
happy
if
I'd
left
Jonny
behind.
如果我把约翰尼抛在后面，妈妈会不高兴的。
11．I
was_about_to
throw
everything
away
when
my
mother
came
in.
我正要把所有东西都扔掉，这时妈妈进来了。
Ⅳ.单元语法
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．My
grandpa
often
watches
(watch)
TV
in
the
evening.
2．If
I
have
(have)
time
tomorrow，I
will_go
(go)
with
you.
3．The
teacher
asked
(ask)
us
to
do
the
exercises
on
Page
38
just
now.
4．—Listen！Who
is_reading
(read)
English?
—Han
Meimei
is.She
often
reads
(read)
in
the
evening.
5．Great
changes
have_taken
(take)
place
in
the
past
five
years.
6．The
computer
was
(be)
out
of
order
last
week.We
had
(have)
it
repaired
the
day
before
yesterday.It
has_been
(be)
in
good
condition
ever
since.
Ⅴ.单元写作
假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：
1．年龄；
2．学习情况及英语水平；
3．兴趣和特长；
4．性格特点。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结束语已为你写好。
Dear
Sir/Madam，
I
learned
from
the
newspaper
that
your
company
needs
an
English
secretary.I'm_really_interested_in_this_position_and_hope_to_apply_for_it_and_work_for_you.
I'm_18_years_old_and_will_be_graduating_from_Xinxing_Foreign_Language_School_this_July.I'm_an_excellent_student，among_the_top_5_in_my_class_of_50_students.English，especially_spoken_English，is_what_I'm_good_at.What's_more，I_often_use_the_computer_and_have_a_good_knowledge_of_it_so_I_can_type_very_fast.In_my_spare_time，reading_poems_and_listening_to_music_are_my_favourites.Being_an_active_young_person，I_am_fond_of_sports_and_all_kinds_of_outdoor_activities.Above_all，I_can_get_along_well_with_others_and_have_a_sense_of_cooperation.
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Sincerely
yours，
Li
Hua
PAGE
