Unit
6
Earth
first
Unit
6
Earth
first
·Climate
change
Global
warming
is
causing
the
temperature
of
the
earth
to
rise
slowly,
causing
massive
global
changes
to
our
natural
environment.
·Rising
sea
level
Global
warming
is
rapidly
melting
glaciers
around
the
globe,
causing
a
rising
sea
level
and
possibly
coastal
flooding
and
other
weather
problems
in
the
future.
·Ecosystem
changes
Global
warming
is
changing
certain
ecosystems
throughout
due
to
temperature
fluctuations
(波动).
Animals
and
plants
are
being
forced
to
adapt
to
this,
and,
as
a
result,
are
dying
off.
·Breakdown
of
the
ozone
(臭氧)
layer
Global
warming
is
creating
holes
in
the
ozone
layer,
primarily
from
human
use
of
products
that
emit
(发出)
poisonous
chemicals.
The
ozone
layer
absorbs
UV
radiation
from
the
sun.
The
holes
are
causing
amounts
of
poisonous
chemicals
present
in
our
breathing
air
to
increase
at
a
rapid
rate.
你知道全球变暖会给人类的生活和环境带来哪些变化吗？
[知识点击]
1．due
to
因为，由于
2．adapt
to
适应
3．die
off
相继死去
4．at
a
rapid
rate
以极快的速度模块核心素养导航
主题语境：人与自我
主题群：大自然
语篇类型：记叙文
文化意识
语言能力
(1)词汇知识：单词
scare,
target,
fortunately,
extinction,
attitude,
devote,
cruelty,
presentation,
establish,
damage,
affect,
supply,
adopt,
reduce,
release,
infection,
permission,
majority,
amount,
remove,
urge,
contribute,
average
的用法(2)语法知识：v.?ing和v.?ed形式作宾语补足语。
正确了解自然与人的关系，增强保护生态环境的意识，并从身边的小事做起。
第一课时 Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．dive
v.
潜水
2．target
v.
把……作为目标
n.
目标；靶；受批评的对象
3．scare
v.
恐吓；受惊吓→scared
adj.
害怕的(修饰人)→scary
adj.
恐怖的；吓人的(修饰物)
4．fortune
n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate
adj.
幸运的→fortunately
adv.幸运地→unfortunately
adv.不幸地
5．extinct
adj.
灭绝的→extinction
n．灭绝；绝种
6．attitude
n.
态度；看法→altitude
(形近词)
n.
高度
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．due_to
由于，因为
2．be_scared_of
害怕某事
3．in_fear
在恐惧中
4．cut_off
切断
5．come_across
偶然遇到
6．the
other
way
round
恰好相反
7．be
wrong
about
误解
8．by
mistake
错误地
9．protect...from...
保护……免受……
10．have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Some
people
stopped
swimming
in
the
sea,
afraid
of
the
horrible
creature
from
the
film.
有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而停止在海里游泳。
2．In
1980，Benchley
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.
1980年，本奇利正在潜水时突然看到一个可怕的景象。
Ⅳ.语篇理解
StepⅠ.Read
the
text
on
Page
62—63
and
choose
the
best
answers.
1．How
are
sharks
described
in
the
film
Jaws?
A．Dangerous.
B．Friendly.
C．Interesting.
D．Cute.
答案：A
2．The
film
has
many
great
effects
on
people
except
________.
A．it
made
people
more
scared
of
sharks
B．it
made
people
no
longer
scared
of
sharks
C．some
people
stopped
swimming
in
the
sea
D．some
people
killed
as
many
sharks
as
they
could
答案：B
3．One
of
the
reasons
why
the
number
of
sharks
fell
is
________.
A．lack
of
food
B．the
climate
becomes
warmer
C．finning
D．pollution
答案：C
4．According
to
Peter
Benchley，which
statement
is
true?
A．Sharks
are
a
threat
to
people.
B．People
are
a
danger
to
sharks.
C．People
should
kill
sharks
as
many
as
possible.
D．A
large
number
of
people
were
killed
by
sharks.
答案：B
5．The
passage
mainly
tells
us
________.
A．people
are
scared
of
sharks
B．the
film
Jaws
was
a
great
success
C．sharks
mainly
feed
on
people
D．we
should
protect
sharks
from
extinction
答案：D
StepⅡ.Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
The
film
Jaws
tells
us
a
story
of
a
white
shark
__1__
attacks
and
kills
swimmers.It
was
__2__
great
success,
__3__
(attract)
huge
audience.
People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks,
but
Jaws
made
things
__4__
(bad).
Many
people
started
to
believe
that
sharks
were
bad
animals.Some
people
stopped
swimming
in
the
sea,
and
others
started
fishing
for
sharks.Nobody
cared
__5__
sharks
were
killed
or
how
many
were
killed.
People
just
wanted
them
__6__
(kill).
__7__
number
of
large
sharks
fell
quickly.This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks,
__8__
also
finning.
Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
__9__
(catch)and
their
fins
cut
off.
Peter
Benchley
thinks
sharks
attack
people
__10__
mistake.
We
should
protect
them
from
extinction.
1．that/which 2.a 3.attracting 4.worse 5.if/whether
6．killed 7.The 8.but 9.are_caught 10.by
1
[教材原句]Which
of
the
facts
in
the
video
do
you
find
most
alarming？(P61)
你觉得视频中的哪些事实最令人担忧？[归纳拓展]
(1)alarm
n.
警报；惊恐
sound/give/raise
the
alarm
发出警报；敲警钟
in
alarm
惊恐地
alarm
clock
闹钟
a
fire
alarm
火警报警器
(2)alarm
vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动
alarmed
adj.
受惊的；惊恐的；有警报系统的
be
alarmed
at/by
对……惊恐/担心
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①The
firemen
were
alarmed
at/by
the
big
fire
they
had
never
seen
before.
②Small
earthquakes
are
so
common
here
that
people
don't
feel
very
alarmed
(alarm)
at
them.
③We've
all
heard
about
the
Earth's
temperature
rising
at
an
alarming
(alarm)
rate.
2
[教材原句]People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks，but
Jaws
made
things
worse.(P62)
人们总是害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》使情况更糟。[归纳拓展]
(1)scare
sb.
into/out
of
doing
sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事
scare
sb.
away/off
把某人吓跑
scare
sb.
to
death
吓死某人
(2)scared
adj.
害怕的；担心的
be
scared
of
(doing)
sth.害怕(做)……；对(做)……感到惊恐
be
scared
to
do
sth.不敢做某事
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①They
managed
to
scare
the
bears
away.
②The
poor
girl
was
so
scared
(scare)
that
she
nearly
burst
into
tears.
③He
was
scared
to
death
(die)
on
seeing
the
terrifying
scene.
3
[教材原句]Finning
would
have
an
unexpected
effect
upon
Peter
Benchley，the
man
who
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on.(P63)
猎取鱼鳍对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响，电影《大白鲨》就是根据他的书改编而成的。
[归纳拓展]
(1)have
an
effect
on/upon
对……有效；对……产生影响
put/bring
sth.
into
effect
实施；实行；使生效
come
into
effect/take
effect
(法律、规则或制度)生效；实施
of
no
effect
没有效果的；没有影响的
side
effect
副作用
(2)effective
adj.
有效的；实际的
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①It's
reported
that
this
regulation
will
come_into_effect
from
September
1,
2020.
据报道本章程自2020年9月1日起生效。
②The
changes
in
our
population
will
have
lasting
effects
on/upon
our
social
development
and
our
way
of
life.
③One
of
the
most
effective
(effect)
ways
to
reduce
stress
is
to
talk
about
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
4
[教材原句]In
1980，Benchley
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.(P63)
1980年，本奇利正在潜水时突然看到一个可怕的景象。
[归纳拓展]
(1)take
a
dive
突然下降
make
a
dive
for
向……冲去
go
diving
去潜水
dive
into
潜心于……
(2)“一心投入；潜心于……”的短语还有：devote
oneself
to;
be
absorbed
in;
bury
oneself
in;
be
buried
in;
be
occupied
in
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Wu
Minxia
dived_into_the_water
with
perfect
posture
and
won
cheers.
吴敏霞用完美的跳水姿势，赢得了喝彩。
②He
has_been_diving_into
the
history
of
Chinese
literature.
他潜心研究中国文学史。
③He
made_a_dive_for
the
falling
teacup.
他冲过去想抓住下落的茶杯。
[教材原句]“Sharks
don't
target
humans，”
he
said.(P63)
“鲨鱼不会以人类为目标，”他说。
[归纳拓展]
(1)target
sth.
on/at...
把……对准，把……瞄向
be
targeted
on/at
针对，瞄准
(2)the
target
of
……的目标
set
a
target
设定目标
hit/miss
the
target
射中靶子/脱靶
target
audience
目标受众
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①The
campaign
is
clearly
targeted_on/at
the
young.
这场运动显然是针对年轻人的。
②His
proposal
became
the
target
of
criticism.
他的建议成了批评的对象。
③Our
target_audience
is
men
aged
between
18
and
35.
我们的目标受众是
18
到35
岁之间的男性。
6
[教材原句]Fortunately,
not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.(P63)
幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。
[归纳拓展]
(1)seek
one's
fortune
寻找致富或成功之路
make
a/one's
fortune
发财
try
one's
fortune
碰运气
tell
one's
fortune
算命
(2)fortunate
adj.
幸运的，交好运的
be
fortunate
to
do
sth.
做某事是幸运的
(3)unfortunately
adv.
不幸地
misfortune
n.
厄运；不幸
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①These
two
brothers
decided
to
go
to
big
cities
to
try_their_fortune.
这兄弟俩决定去大城市碰碰运气。
②Now
there
are
many
young
men
in
our
society
dreaming
of
making
a
fortune
without
hard
work.
③She
was
fortunate
enough
to_find
(find)
a
job
as
soon
as
she
graduated
from
the
university.
④Fortunately
(fortune),
a
young
man
who
was
just
passing
by
came
up
to
the
injured.
7
[教材原句]Complete
the
chart
showing
how
attitudes
towards
sharks
have
changed
with
words
and
expressions
from
the
passage.(P64)
用文章中的词汇和表达完成这张图表，展示对鲨鱼的态度是如何改变的。
[归纳拓展]
attitude
to/towards
sb./sth.
对某人/物的态度/看法
have/take
a(n)．..attitude
to/towards
sb./sth.
对某人/物持……的态度
in
a．..
attitude
以……姿态
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①We
can't
submit
to
our
fate.
Instead,
we
should
take/have_a_positive_attitude_to/towards
the
present.
我们不能屈服于命运。相反，我们应该对现在持积极的态度。
②Her
attitude
to/towards
learning
English
has
changed.
③Her
hands
were
folded
in
an
attitude
of
prayer.
1
[教材原句]This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks,
but
also
finning.(P62)
这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼，而且是因为割取鱼鳍。[归纳拓展]
due
adj.
应得的；正当的；应付的；预定的
be
due
to
sb.
应付给某人
be
due
for
应得到
be
due
to
do
sth.
预计做某事
[温馨提示]
(1)当due
to意为“由于；因……造成；应给予”时，其中的to是介词。
(2)当due
to意为“即将/预期做……”时，to为不定式符号。
(3)另外，还要注意due是形容词。
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①The
town
was
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
world
due_to
heavy
snow.
由于大雪，小镇被切断了与世界其他地区的联系。
②We
owe
our
success
to
the
efforts
of
Mr
Mark,
who
is
due
to_arrive
(arrive)
here
in
ten
minutes.
③Any
money
that
is
due
to
you
will
be
paid
before
the
end
of
the
month.
2
[教材原句]Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off.(P62)
猎取鱼鳍是一种鲨鱼被捕获，鱼鳍被切断的捕鱼方式。
[归纳拓展]
cut
across
抄近路穿过；取捷径通过
cut
down
砍倒；削减；减少
cut
in
插嘴；强行超车
cut
into
halves/pieces
切成两半/碎片
cut
up
切碎；伤心；难过
cut
out
剪除；删除
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①The
road
to
the
mountains
has_been_cut_off
by
the
snow
for
almost
a
month.
通往山里的路已经被雪切断快一个月了。
②When
you
give
a
speech,
you'd
better
cut_out
unimportant
details.
当你演讲时，最好删掉那些不重要的细节。
③It
is
bad
manners
for
you
to
always
cut_in
when
other
people
are
talking.
别人谈话时你老是插嘴是不礼貌的。
④Cut_up
the
carrots
before
you
put
them
into
the
pot.
把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅里。
3
protect...from...
保护……不受……(危害)
[教材原句]Today，as
we
learn
more
about
sharks,
more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from
extinction.(P63)
今天，随着我们对鲨鱼的了解越来越多，越来越多的人想保护它们免遭灭绝。
[归纳拓展]
(1)protect
sb./sth.from/against...
保护某人/某物不受……
prevent/keep/stop
sb.from
doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事
defend...from/against...
保卫……以免……
(2)protection
n.
保护
under
the
protection
of...
在……的保护下
(3)protective
adj.
保护的；防护的
be
protective
of/towards
sb./sth.出于(对……的)保护
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①You
should
put
on
more
clothes
to
protect_yourself_against
the
cold.
你需要多穿几件衣服御寒。
②Cultural
relics
and
historic
sites
are
under_the_protection_of
the
state.
文物古迹受国家保护。
③As
a
mother,
she
is
too
protective
(protect)
toward
her
daughter.
④Some
steps
have
been
taken
to
protect
the
forest
from
being_destroyed
(destroy)．
[句式分析]
形容词短语afraid
of
the
horrible
creature...
在句中作原因状语。
[归纳拓展]
(1)形容词作状语时，说明主语的性质、状态等，在结构上可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，通常要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开，表示时间、原因、让步、结果、伴随状态或方式等。
(2)在句中位置比较灵活，通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末，单个形容词作方式状语时还可直接位于动词后面。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Cold_and_hungry,_he
stopped
working
and
went
home.
他又冷又饿，就停下工作回家了。
②He
stared
at
the
footprint,
full_of_fear.
他盯着脚印，(心里)充满了恐惧。
③The
little
girl
stood
there,
frightened.
小女孩站在那里，很害怕。
[句式分析]
be
doing...when...“正在做……这时突然……”，when为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and
at
this/that
time。
[归纳拓展]
when用作并列连词时，意为“就在这/那时”，相当于and
then或and
at
this/that
time，常用于以下句型中：
be
doing...when...
正在……这时……
be
about
to
do...when...
正打算做……这时……
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...
正要……这时……
had
just
done....when...
刚做……就……
hardly...when...＝no
sooner...than...
刚……就……
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①The
children
were_playing
football
on
the
playground
when
it
began
to
rain.
孩子们正在操场上踢足球，突然下起雨来。
②We
were_about_to_start_when
it
began
to
rain.
我们刚要动身，天就开始下起雨来了。
③He
was
on
the
point
of
saying
something
when
the
phone
rang.
他正要说话时电话铃响了。
④I
had_just_fallen_asleep_when
the
doorbell
rang.
我刚入睡，门铃突然响了起来。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He
dived
(潜水)
from
the
bridge
and
saved
the
child.
2．I
would
like
to
set
a
new
target
(目标)
for
my
studies
after
I
enter
my
ideal
college.
3．I
was
late
for
getting
to
the
station.
But
fortunately
(幸运地)
for
me,
the
train
was
late,
too.
4．Tom
has
a
good
attitude
(态度)
towards
his
schoolwork
and
always
finishes
his
homework
on
time.
5．The
organization
was
set
up
to
preserve
endangered
species
from
extinction
(灭绝)．
6．I
was
scared
(惊恐的)
at
the
thought
of
making
a
speech.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．It
was
reported
that
all
the
flights
were
delayed
due_to
the
terrible
weather.
2．The
gas
had
been
cut_off.
As
a
result,
we
had
to
eat
out.
3．The
agreements
have_an_effect_on
both
the
buyers
and
the
sellers.
4．He
tried
to
escape
by
diving_into
a
river.
5．What's
her
attitude_to/towards
going
for
a
picnic
on
Sunday?
6．After
a
long
and
tiring
flight,
Mr
Rick
was
frustrated
at
the
news
that
his
luggage
had
been
sent
to
Hong
Kong
by_mistake.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．It
is
well?known
that
the
global
water
shortage
is
becoming
increasingly
severe
due_to_global_warming.
众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。
2．The
electricity
supply
was
cut_off
because
of
the
rain
storm.
因为暴雨电力供应被中断了。
3．There
is
no
doubt
that
air
pollution
has_a_bad_effect_on
our
health.
毫无疑问，空气污染对我们的健康有不良影响。
4．We
should
have
a
more
flexible
attitude_to/towards
life.
我们应该有更加灵活多变的生活态度。
5．He
went
home
at
last,
safe_and_sound.
他最终安然无恙地回了家。
PAGEUnit
6
Earth
first
第二课时 Using
language
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．drought
n．干旱
2．ocean
n.
海洋，大海
3．highlight
v.
使……突出；使注意力集中于
4．staff
n.
员工
5．damage
n．&
v.
损失；损害
6．flood
n.
洪水
7．supply
n.
煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)
8．restore
v.
使恢复
9．brochure
n.
小册子
10．release
v.
释放；排放
11．smog
n．烟雾，雾霾
12．severe
adj.
很严重的
13．lecture
n．讲座，讲课
14．devote
v.
致力；献身；专心于→devotion
n.
献身；热爱；专心→devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
15．cruelty
n.
残忍；残酷→cruel
adj.
残忍的
16．presentation
n.
报告；说明→present
v.
提出；呈现
17．establish
v.
建立；设立→establishment
n.
建立
18．affect
v.
影响；感动；侵袭→effect
n.
作用；影响→affection
n.
喜爱；钟爱
19．adopt
v.
采用；采纳；收养→adoption
n.
收养；采取→adopted
adj.
收养的；领养的
20．reduce
v.
减少；降低→reduction
n.
减少；减价
21．fog
n.
雾→foggy
adj.
有雾的；模糊的
22．infection
n．感染；传染病→
infect
vt.感染；传染
23．permit
vt.&
vi.
许可；允许；准许
n.
通行证；许可证；执照→permission
n.
允许
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．aim_at
瞄准
2．get_involved_in
参与；涉及，卷入
3．keep...from
doing
阻止……做
4．without_permission
未经许可
5．be_reduced_by
减少了
6．replace...with...
用……取代……
7．have
an
impact
on
对……有影响
8．be
frightened
of
害怕……
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．We've
also
seen
droughts
and
floods
caused
by
these
changes,
which
affect
the
water
supply
downstream.
我们也看到了这些变化造成的干旱和洪水，影响了下游的供水。
2．Our
job
is
to
protect
and
restore
the
natural
environment.
我们的工作是保护和恢复自然环境。
3．The
less
energy
you
use,
the
less
carbon
dioxide
is
released.
你使用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。
Ⅳ.语法初探
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I
found
it
difficult
to_explain
(explain)
to
him
what
had
happened.
2．With
the
problem
solved
(solve)，the
quality
has
been
improved.
3．When
he
woke
up，he
found
himself
lying
(lie)in
hospital.
4．In
parts
of
Asia
you
mustn't
sit
with
your
feet
pointing
(point)at
another
person.
5．Wherever
we
go，we
will
see
this
kind
of
products
advertised
(advertise)．
1
[教材原句]Now,
she
is
a
model
and
performance
artist
devoted/devoting
to
ocean
conservation.(P65)
现在，她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。
[归纳拓展]
(1)devote
oneself
to
献身于……；致力于……
devote...to...
奉献于……；专注于……
(2)devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
be
devoted
to...
专心于……；奉献于……
(3)devotion
n.
关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
[名师点津]
在短语
devote...to...中
to
为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：
look
forward
to
期盼
get
down
to
开始着手
be/get/become/grow
used/accustomed
to
习惯于
lead
to
导致
pay
attention
to
注意
object
to
反对
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①You
will
never
gain
success
unless
you
are
fully_devoted_to
your
work.
除非你完全专注于你的工作，不然你永远不会获得成功。
②Devoted
(devote)
to
her
career,
she
won
a
good
reputation.
③He
continued
to
work
there
for
almost
50
years,
devoting
(devote)
his
life
to
his
research
work.
④Neighbors
devoted
their
spare
time
to
helping
(help)
others
rebuild.
⑤Her
devotion
(devote)
to
her
job
is
worth
praising.
2
[教材原句]Most
importantly，it
contains
the
headwaters
of
the
Yellow
River，the
Changjiang
River
and
Lancang
River.(P65)
最重要的是，这里有黄河、长江和澜沧江的源头。
[归纳拓展]
(1)contain
oneself
克制自己
(2)container
n.
容器
[易混辨析]
contain
指某物被装在比其更大的东西内，或指某物含有某种成分或其他物质。
include
指某物为整体的一部分或要素，意为“算在内，列在里面，包括”。include还常用其介词和过去分词短语作插入语，起补充说明作用，而contain无此用法。
[即时巩固]
用contain或include的适当形式填空/完成句子
①How
much
water
does
this
bottle
contain?
②At
least
40
people
got
hurt,
including
5
children.
③This
kind
of
fruit
contains
a
large
amount
of
vitamin,
including
vitamin
C.
④Your
duty
includes
answering
(answer)
the
telephone.
⑤I
was
so
angry
that
I
just
couldn't_contain_myself.
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
3
[教材原句]In
recent
years,
we
have
seen
large
areas
of
wetland
that
were
damaged
by
human
activity.(P65)
近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。
[归纳拓展]
do/cause
damage
to
给……带来/造成损坏
be
badly
damaged
遭受严重损害
damage
one's
health
损害某人的健康
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Eating
too
much
meat
one
time
will
do/cause_damage_to
your
stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
②Smoking
can
damage_your_health.
吸烟有害健康。
4
[教材原句]We've
also
seen
droughts
and
floods
caused
by
these
changes，which
affect
the
water
supply
downstream.(P65)
我们也看到了这些变化造成的干旱和洪水，影响了下游的供水。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be
greatly/deeply
affected
by
被……深深打动
be
affected
by
heat/cold
中暑/着凉
be
affected
with
a
high
fever
发高烧
(2)effect
n.
作用；影响
have
an
effect
on
对……产生影响
(3)affection
n.
喜爱；感情；影响；感染
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①His
speech
affected_the_audience
deeply.
他的演说深深地打动了听众。
②The
weight?loss
pill
has
a
strong
side
effect
on
people's
hearts.
③Affected
(affect)
with
high
fever,
he
continued
with
his
work.
5
[教材原句]This
includes
keeping
the
original
environment
from
being
touched，as
well
as
adopting
new，sustainable
ways
of
feeding
farm
animals.(P65)
这包括保持原始环境不被触碰，以及采用新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。
[归纳拓展]
(1)adopt
one's
suggestion/advice
采纳某人的建议
adopt
sb.
as
收养某人为……
adopt
a(n)
approach/policy/attitude...采用某种方法/政策/态度……
(2)adopted
adj.
领养的
adoption
n.
采用；收养
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①She
treated
her
adopted
(adopt)
son
as
if
he
were
her
own
child.
②The
suggestion
that
the
new
rule
be_adopted
(adopt)
came
from
the
chairman.
③If
you
can
not
have
children
of
your
own,
why
not
consider
adoption
(adopt)?
6
[教材原句]Reduce
waste
by
choosing
reusable
products.(P66)
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费。
[归纳拓展]
(1)reduce...to...
把……减少到……
reduce...by...
把……减少了……
be
reduced
to...
沦落为……，陷入某种状态
(2)reduction
n.
减少；减价
make
a
reduction
减价
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①She
is
on
a
diet
to_reduce_some_weight.
她正在节食以减轻体重。
②The
whole
town
was_reduced_to
ashes
in
the
bombing.
轰炸将整个城镇变成一片废墟。
③She
takes
exercise
every
day,
and
she
has
reduced
her
weight
to
50
kilos.
④Though
the
price
of
the
house
has
been
reduced
by
10%,
we
can't
afford
it
either.
⑤We
can
make
a
reduction
(reduce)
if
you
buy
in
bulk.
7
[教材原句]A
polite
interruption
is
usually
framed
as
a
request
for
permission
to
interrupt
someone.(P67)
礼貌的打断通常是指请求允许打断某人。
[归纳拓展]
(1)ask
for
sb.'s
permission
请求某人的许可
without
permission
未经允许/许可
give
sb.
permission
to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事
(2)permit
vt.
允许；许可
n.
许可；执照；许可证
permit
sb.
to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事
permit
doing
sth.
允许做某事
sth.permitting...
……许可的话(独立主格)
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①If
you
want
to
leave
the
classroom,
you
should
ask_for_the_teacher's_permission.
如果你要离开教室，应该请求老师的许可。
②Passengers
are
permitted
to_carry
(carry)
only
one
piece
of
hand
luggage
onto
the
plane.
③The
birthday
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden,
weather
permitting
(permit)．
④No
reference
books
are
to
be
taken
out
of
the
reading
room
without
permission
(permit)．
⑤The
school
doesn't
permit
staying
(stay)
up
too
late
at
night.
1
[教材原句]She
appeared
in
The
Cove，a
documentary
aiming
at
highlighting
the
cruelty
of
dolphin
hunting.(P65)
她出演了一部纪录片《海豚湾》，旨在突出捕猎海豚的残酷性。
[归纳拓展]
(1)aim...at...
用……瞄准/对准……
aim
to
do
sth.＝aim
at
doing
sth.
旨在做某事，打算做某事
be
aimed
at
目的是；旨在
(2)with
the
aim
of...
为了……
without
aim
无目的地
achieve
one's
aim
达到目的；实现目标
take
aim
at
瞄准
(3)aimlessly
adv.
漫无目的地
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①She
went
to
London
with_the_aim_of
finding
a
job.
她去伦敦是为了找工作。
②The
visit
was
aimed_at
expanding
relations
between
the
two
countries.
这次访问的目的是发展两国关系。
③He
worked
hard,
aiming
(aim)
at
becoming
a
doctor.
④The
police
found
the
boy
wandering
aimlessly
(aim)
in
the
street,
not
knowing
where
to
go.
2
keep...from
阻止，制止
[教材原句]This
includes
keeping
the
original
environment
from
being
touched，as
well
as
adopting
new，sustainable
ways
of
feeding
farm
animals.(P65)
这包括保持原始环境不被触碰，以及采用新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。
[归纳拓展]
prevent/stop/keep...from
doing
sth.
阻止……做某事
protect...from
保护……不受……的侵袭；挡住；防御
keep...doing
sth.
使……一直做某事
[名师点津]
prevent/keep/stop
sb.
from
doing
sth.
的主动式中，只有
keep
后面的
from
不能省略，而在被动式中三个短语的
from
都不能省略。
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①I'm
sorry
to
keep_you_waiting
for
so
long.
对不起，让你久等了。
②We
must
keep
them
from
getting
to
know
our
plans.
③Every
possible
means
should
be
taken
to
prevent
the
river
from
being_polluted
(pollute)．
[句式分析]
本句为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句式，意为“越……就越……”。
[归纳拓展]
(1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，前一部分为表示条件的状语从句，后一部分为主句。
(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①The_sooner,_the
better.
越快越好。
②The_longer
you
have
to
wait
for
something,
the
more
you
will
appreciate
it
when
it
finally
arrives.
你等待的时间越长，你就会越珍惜它的到来。
③The_more_careful
you
are,
the
fewer
mistakes
you
will
make.
你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。
动词?ing形式和动词?ed形式作宾语补足语
1．“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see,
watch,
observe,
notice,
look
at,
hear,
listen
to,
feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。
I
looked
up
and
noticed
a
snake
winding
its
way
up
the
tree
to
catch
its
breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
Nobody
saw
him
come
in.
没人看见他进来。
He
felt
his
face
lost
before
his
friends.
他觉得在朋友面前丢面子了。
2．使役动词make,
let,
have,
get后接复合宾语的情况：
①make＋宾语＋
The
teacher
made
some
students
stay
in
the
classroom
after
school.
老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He
tried
to
make
himself
understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
②let＋宾语＋
Don't
let
your
child
play
with
matches.
别让你的孩子玩火柴。
③have＋宾语＋
He
had
the
fire
burning
all
the
night.
他让火燃烧了一夜。
He
had
his
wallet
stolen
on
his
way
home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
[名师点津]
have
sb.
doing
sth.
用于否定句时，其中have
有“容忍”之意。
I
won't
have
you
speaking
to
your
dad
like
that.
我不能容忍你那样跟你爸爸说话。
④get＋宾语＋
She
got
her
bike
running
very
fast.
她骑自行车骑得飞快。
I'll
get
my
bike
repaired
tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3．动词leave,
keep,
find,
catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况：
①leave＋
②keep
③find
④catch
sb.
doing
sth.
撞见某人正在做某事
The
police
caught
him
stealing
the
car
on
the
spot.
警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。
We
hurriedly
ended
our
meeting,
leaving
many
problems
to
be
settled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。
You
should
keep
me
informed
of
his
whereabouts.
你应该让我了解他的行踪。
[即时巩固]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①When
we
saw
the
road
blocked
(block)
with
snow,
we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.
②The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
(follow)
them.
③Listen！Do
you
hear
someone
calling
(call)
for
help?
④As
he
spoke，he
observed
everybody
looking_at
(look
at)
him
curiously.
⑤You
won't
catch
me
doing
(do)
that
again.
⑥You
should
make
your
voice
heard
(hear)．
⑦Please
get
the
work
done
(do)as
soon
as
possible.
⑧I
don't
want
any
bad
words
said
(say)about
him
behind
his
back.
⑨With
water
heated
(heat)，we
can
see
the
steam.
⑩Even
the
best
writers
sometimes
find
themselves
lost
(lose)for
words.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If
you
have
a
job,
devote
(献身)
yourself
to
it
and
finally
you'll
succeed.
2．Earthquakes
are
dangerous
and
destructive,
because
they
bring
great
damage
(损害)
and
disasters
to
people.
3．Although
smoking
affects
(影响)
people's
health,
China
has
the
largest
number
of
people
who
are
smoking.
4．The
school
must
adopt
(采用)
new
methods
of
teaching
foreign
languages.
5．They
have
to
reduce
(减少)
expenses
this
year.
6．You
need
to
get
your
parents'
permission
(允许)
to
go
to
the
seaside.
7．Mr
Bean
became
a
star
using
mime
to
highlight
(使……突出)
difficult
social
situations.
8．Zhalong
Nature
Reserve
(保护区)
is
the
ideal
home
for
many
plants，fish
and
birds.
Ⅱ.选词填空
pick
up;
reduce...by;
in
terms
of;
all
the
time;
cause
damage
to;
be
devoted
to
1．He
is_devoted_to
his
career
as
a
teacher.
2．The
earthquake
caused_damage_to
property
estimated
at
$6
million.
3．We
are
going
to
reduce
the
price
of
these
coats
by
20
per
cent.
4．At
the
corner
the
bus
stopped
and
picked_up
three
people.
5．A
soldier
has
to
keep
standing
all_the_time
when
he's
on
duty.
6．The
job
is
great
in_terms_of
salary,
but
it
has
its
disadvantages.
Ⅲ.语法练习——完成句子
1．When
I
returned
to
my
office，I
found_my_desk_removed.
当我回到办公室时，我发现我的桌子被搬走了。
2．With_every_problem_settled，he
began
to
think
of
a
journey.
每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。
3．He
expected
the_work_done
before
dusk.
他期望着黄昏之前完成这份工作。
4．With
the_bridge_built,_the
two
villages
are
connected
now.
由于建了这座桥，这两个村庄现在被连了起来。
5．The
papers
were
in
great
need，so
the
workers
kept_the_machines_running
all
day
long.
急需讲义，所以工人们让机器运转了一整天。
PAGEUnit
6
Earth
first
第三课时 Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
Ⅰ.词汇初探
1．false
adj.
错误的
2．amount
n.
数量
3．device
n.
设备，装置
4．leak
v.
渗漏
5．appliance
n.
家用电器
6．canteen
n.
食堂；餐厅
7．campaign
n.
(宣传)活动
8．average
adj.
平均的
n.
平均数
9．majority
n.
大多数；大半→major
adj.
主要的→minority
(反义词)
n.
少数
10．electricity
n.
电；电流；电学→electric
adj.
用电的；导电的→electrical
adj.
与电有关的
11．remove
v.
移走，搬走→removal
n.
移除
12．urge
v.
催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent
adj.
紧迫的→urgency
n.
紧急；迫切；紧急情况
13．concern
vt.
(使)
担忧；涉及；关系到
n.
担心；关注；(利害)
关系→concerned
adj.
有关的；担心的→concerning
prep.
关于
14．contribute
vt.&
vi.
捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution
n.
捐献；贡献
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．the_majority_of
大多数
2．a_large_amount_of
许多，大量
3．take...into
account
把……考虑进去
4．urge_sb.to_do_sth.
催促某人去做某事
5．be_concerned_about
为……担忧
6．contribute
to
有助于；促进
7．on
average
平均
8．come
up
with
提出；想出
9．depend
on
依靠；取决于
10．turn
off
关闭
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．It
takes
hundreds
of
years
for
plastic
to
break
down，but
much
less
time
for
paper.
塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸张则要少得多。
2．However，making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
as
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to
three
times
the
amount
of
water.
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。
3.
It
is
the
production
of
food,
not
its
transport,
that
uses
most
of
the
energy
and
produces
most
of
the
greenhouse
gases.
消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产，而不是运输。
Ⅳ.语篇理解
StepⅠ.Read
the
text
on
Page
68—69
and
choose
the
best
answers.
1．Which
shopping
bag
is
more
environmentally
friendly?
A．A
plastic
bag.
B．A
paper
bag.
C．Either
of
both.
D．Neither
of
both.
答案：D
2．What
should
you
do
to
save
energy
when
leaving
your
home?
A．Turn
off
a
device.
B．Unplug
a
device.
C．Use
older
device.
D．None
of
these.
答案：B
3．People
generally
hold
the
idea
that
________.
A．eating
local
food
is
better
for
the
environment
B．eating
the
food
grown
a
long
way
away
is
better
C．the
transport
of
food
uses
more
energy
than
production
D．local
produce
uses
more
energy
and
produces
more
greenhouse
gases
答案：A
4．Which
of
the
following
is
really
green
according
to
the
passage?
A．Use
paper
bags
when
shopping.
B.
Turn
off
a
device
when
leaving
your
home.
C．Eat
local
food
instead
of
that
from
a
long
distance.
D．Keep
your
shower
time
as
short
as
possible.
答案：D
5．The
passage
mainly
tells
us
________.
A．we
should
raise
the
awareness
of
environmental
protection
B．we
must
take
care
of
the
environment
C．are
the
“green
truths”
really
green
D．the
common
ideas
are
false
答案：C
StepⅡ.Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
The
__1__
(major)
of
us
take
steps
to
save
energy
and
reduce
pollution.But
recently,
some
“green
truths”
__2__
(show)
to
be
only
half
true,
or
even
__3__
(complete)
false.
Plastic
bags
cause
litter
and
are
a
danger
to
wild
animals,
__4__
mistake
them
for
food.So
people
think
paper
bags
are
the
better
environmental
choice.
__5__，
making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
__6__
making
a
plastic
one.
In
fact，both
kinds
of
bags
are
bad
__7__
the
environment.You
should
unplug
a
device
rather
than
turn
it
off
when
__8__
(leave)your
home.Is
eating
local
food
good
for
the
environment?
The
answer
is
“No”.
__9__
is
the
production
of
food,
not
its
transport,
that
uses
most
of
the
energy.
People
often
think
it's
better
to
take
a
shower
than
a
bath，but
it's
not
right.
It
depends
on
how
long
you
spend
in
the
shower
and
how
large
your
bath
is.
__10__，
the
key
is
to
keep
your
shower
time
as
short
as
possible.
1．majority 2.have_been_shown 3.completely 4.which
5．However 6.as 7.for 8.leaving 9.It 10.Therefore
1
[教材原句]Most
of
us
are
aware
that
we
must
take
care
of
the
environment,
and
the
majority
of
us
take
steps
to
save
energy
and
reduce
waste
and
pollution.(P68)
我们大多数人都知道必须要保护环境，而且我们大多数人都在采取措施节约能源，减少浪费和污染。[归纳拓展]
(1)a/the
majority
of...
大多数……
be
in
a/the
majority
构成大部分/大多数
(2)major
n.
专业
vi.
主修；以……为专业
major
in
主修……；以……为专业
(3)minority
n.
少数
in
the
minority
占少数
[名师点津]
the
majority作主语，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可，但若其后面有复数表语，谓语也用复数。“the
majority
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①In
the
general
population,
right?handed
people
are
in
the
majority.
②One?third
of
the
country
is
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
the
citizens
are
(be)
black
people.
③For
many
years,
the
majority
(major)
of
Irish
people
earned
their
living
as
farmers.
④I
graduated
from
HeBei
Normal
University
and
majored
in
information
management.
2
[教材原句]However，making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
as
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to
three
times
the
amount
of
water.(P68)
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。
[归纳拓展]
(1)a
small/large
amount
of＋不可数名词 少/大量的……
amounts
of＋不可数名词 大量的……
the
amount
of＋不可数名词 ……的数量
(2)amount
to
合计；总共；有……的结果
[名师点津]
a
huge
amount
of用来修饰不可数名词，“a
huge
amount
of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“huge
amounts
of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①Our
debts
amount_to
over
$1,000.
我们的负债总共超过了1
000美元。
②A
huge
amount
of
oil
was
(be)
on
the
road
yesterday,
the
effects
of
which
are
not
clear.
＝Huge
amounts
of
oil
were
(be)
on
the
road
yesterday,
the
effects
of
which
are
not
clear.
3
remove
v.
移动；搬开；脱下；摘掉；去除；把……免职
[教材原句]To
make
sure
your
appliance
is
in
fact
off,
remove
the
plug
from
its
power
supply.(P69)
为了确保您的设备实际上已关闭，请从其电源上拔下插头。
[归纳拓展]
remove...from...把……从……移开
remove
from...to...
从……搬到……
remove
sb.
from
office
免去某人的职务
remove
one's
doubt
消除某人的疑虑
[即时巩固]
(1)写出下列句中remove的含义
①He
was
removed
from
his
position
as
chairman.开除
②We
tried
to
remove
his
doubt
and
let
him
tell
the
truth.
打消
③She
removed
her
jacket
and
hung
it
up
on
the
hook.脱掉
④Please
remove
your
bag
from
the
seat
so
that
I
can
sit
down.
拿开
(2)完成句子
①Reference
books
may
not
be
removed_from
the
library.
参考书不允许带出图书馆。
②Recently
many
officials
have
been_removed_from_office
as
a
result
of
corruption.
近来许多高官因为贪污而被免职。
③Three
children
were_removed_from_the_school
for
persistent
bad
behaviour.
三个孩子因持续的不良行为被学校开除。
[教材原句]It
urges
people
to
save
food
by
not
wasting
anything
on
the
dining
table.(P71)
它敦促人们通过不在餐桌上浪费任何东西来节约食物。[归纳拓展]
(1)urge
sb.
to
do
sth.
催促某人做某事
urge/it
is
urged
that...(should)
do
sth.
极力主张……做某事
(2)have
an
urge
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
(3)urgent
adj.
紧急的；迫切的
urgency
n.
紧急；催促
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①The
public
urged
that
the
government
(should)_take_measures_to_prevent
such
cases
from
happening
again.
公众强烈要求政府采取措施来防止此类案件的再次发生。
②It
is
strongly
urged
by
students
that
the
library
(should)_be_kept
(keep)
open
during
the
weekend.
③Our
teacher
urges
us
to_study
(study)
hard
with
the
College
Entrance
Examination
drawing
near.
④She
invited
me
to
dinner,
but
I
declined
on
account
of
urgent
(urge)
business.
5
[教材原句]We
are
concerned
that...(P71)
我们担心……
[归纳拓展]
(1)be
concerned
about
关心；忧虑
be
concerned
with与……有关；涉及
as/so
far
as...be
concerned
就……而言；依……之见
(2)concern
v.
牵涉，涉及；使担忧；感兴趣
n.
担心，忧虑；关心，关爱
concern
oneself
about/with
sth.
对……感兴趣
have/express
concern
for/about...
对……表示关心/担心
(3)concerning
prep.
关于
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_I
have
changed
a
lot
because
of
the
lesson.
就我个人来说，这一课让我改变了许多。
②I
use
mobile
payment
a
lot,
but
I
am
quite
concerned
about/for
my
privacy.
③The
book
is
concerned
with
the
situation
in
Syria.
④I
want
to
know
something
concerning
(concern)
the
explosion
in
Somalia.
[教材原句]Look
at
the
three
items
that
contribute
to
a
carbon
footprint.(P72)
看看造成碳足迹的三个项目。
[归纳拓展]
(1)contribute...to...
为……捐献……；投稿
contribute
to
(to为介词)有助于；促进；导致；对……做贡献
(2)contribution
n.
贡献；捐献
make
a
contribution/contributions
to/towards...
为……做贡献
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①Volunteer
or,
if
you
can,
contribute_a_little_money_to
a
cause.
做志愿者或者如果可以的话，给某个事业捐点儿钱。
②Medical
negligence
was
said
to
have
contributed
to
her
death.
③The
scientist
was
rewarded
by
the
government
for
having
made
such
a
great
contribution
(contribute)
to
the
country.
④Their
inventions
have
contributed
to
developing
(develop)
electrical
engineering.
[教材原句]The
average
score
of
our
group
is...(P72)
我们组的平均分是……
[归纳拓展]
the/an
average
of...
……的平均数
on
average
平均地；通常
above/below
average
高于/低于平均数/水平
up
to
average
达到平均数/水平
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①It's
said
that
the
paper
receives
an_average_of
nearly
100
articles
a
day.
据说这个报社平均每天都要收到近一百篇稿件。
②On
average，a
powerful
earthquake
occurs
less
than
once
every
two
years.
③Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record，with
global
temperature
0.68℃
above
the
average.
[熟词生义]
Freddy
was
an
average
student,
but
not
an
average
person.(adj.
普通的)
1
mistake...for...
把……错认为……
[教材原句]Plastic
bags
cause
litter
and
are
a
danger
to
wild
animals,
which
mistake
them
for
food.(P68)
塑料袋会造成垃圾，对野生动物是一种危险，因为野生动物误以为塑料袋是食物。
[归纳拓展]
(1)mistake
n.
&
v.
错误，误会
by
mistake
错误地；弄错
make
a
mistake
犯错误
(2)
mistaken
adj.
错误的；不正确的
be
mistaken
about...
误解；对……持有错误的见解
be
mistaken
in
doing
sth.
做某事是错误的
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①Perhaps
he
had
mistaken
me
for
someone
else.
他可能误把我当成其他人了。
②He
is_mistaken_about
her
meaning.
他误解了她的意思。
③She
took
away
my
umbrella
by
mistake
in
the
office.
[教材原句]Because
of
this,
people
think
paper
bags
are
the
better
environmental
choice.(P68)
正因为如此，人们认为纸袋是更好的环保的选择。
[归纳拓展]
表示“由于；因为”的短语：
due
to
作表语或状语
owing
to
作表语或状语
as
a
result
of
作状语
on
account
of
作状语
for
the
reason
of
作状语
thanks
to
(幸亏)作表语或状语
[易混辨析]
because
引导原因状语从句或表语从句
because
of
后面接名词、代词、名词性短语或
what
从句
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Because_of
heavy
fog,
the
plane
couldn't
take
off
on
time.
由于大雾，飞机不能按时起飞。
②He
felt
down
because
his
plan
was
turned
down.
他因为他的计划被拒绝而感到沮丧。
3
take...into
account
把……考虑进去
[教材原句]In
some
cases，local
produce
might
have
used
more
energy
and
produced
more
greenhouse
gases
than
produce
grown
a
long
way
away—even
taking
into
account
its
transport.(P69)
在某些情况下，即使考虑到当地农产品的运输，当地农产品所消耗的能源和产生的温室气体也可能比远在天边的农产品要多。
[归纳拓展]
(1)take...into
consideration
把……考虑进去
account
for
解释；说明(……的原因)；(在数量上)
占……比例
(2)on
account
of
(＝because
of)
因为
on
no
account＝in
no
way
决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
open/close
an
account
(在银行)开立/结清账户
(3)by/from
all
accounts
据说
[名师点津]
on
no
account意为“决不”，放在句首时常用部分倒装，有类似用法的还有：by
no
means,
in
no
way,
in
no
case,
on
no
condition,
under
no
circumstances,
at
no
time等。
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①Lack
of
money
accounted_for
her
not
continuing
her
studies.
因为缺钱，她不能继续她的学业。
②On_account_of
the
bad
weather,
we
quitted
the
original
plan.
由于糟糕的天气，我们放弃了原来的计划。
③I
sincerely
hope
that
you
will
take_my_suggestions_into_account/consideration.
我真诚地希望你将会考虑我的建议。
④On_no_account
should
we
give
up
the
plan.
我们决不放弃这个计划。
4
[教材原句]It
depends
on
how
long
you
spend
in
the
shower
and
how
large
your
bath
is.(P69)
这取决于你洗澡的时间和你的浴盆有多大。
[归纳拓展]
(1)depend
on
sb.
to
do/sb.'s
doing
sth.依靠某人做某事
depend
on
sb.for
sth.依靠某人供给某物
depend
on/upon
it
that...指望……；对……深信不疑
That
depends.＝It
all
depends.视情况而定
(2)dependence
n.
依靠；依赖
independence
n.
独立
dependent
adj.
有依赖性的
independent
adj.
独立的
[即时巩固]
完成句子/单句语法填空
①—Can
you
finish
the
work
before
Sunday?
—It_all_depends/That_depends.
——你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？
——这要看情况而定。
②Jim
is
always
late,
so
you
can
not
depend_on_him_to_come/depend_on_his_coming
on
time.
吉姆总是迟到，所以你不能指望他会准时来。
③You
can
depend
on/upon
it
that
such
a
boring
thing
will
never
happen
again.
④The
effects
of
gossip
vary
depending
(depend)
on
the
situation.
5
[教材原句]We
are
writing
this
letter
to
call
on
everyone
to
take
part
in
the
Clear
Your
Plate
campaign.(P71)
我们写这封信是为了号召大家参加“清盘”运动。
[归纳拓展]
call
for
需要；要求；呼吁；(去)接某人
call
at
(火车等)停靠；拜访某地
call
on
拜访某人
call
up
给……打电话；(使)回忆起；召集(开会等)
call
off
取消
call
out
大声说；召唤某人
call
in
叫某人进入
call
back
回电话；再打电话
[即时巩固]
完成句子
①we
shouldn't
hesitate
to
call_on_people_to_take_action
to
save
our
treasures.
我们应该毫不犹豫地号召人们采取行动来拯救我们的财富。
②We
called_off
the
sports
meeting
because
of
the
rainstorm.
由于暴雨我们取消了运动会。
③Success
in
school
calls_for
much
hard
work.
在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。
④Your
letter
calls_up
those
pleasant
days
when
we
worked
together.
你的来信使我回想起那些我们一起工作的快乐日子。
[句式分析]
句中as
much
energy
as是一个同级比较结构，four
times表达倍数，也可用half，one?third
等词，表示“是……的一半/几分之几”。
[归纳拓展]
倍数表达法：
(1)倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than
(2)倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as
(3)倍数＋the
size
(height/length/width,
etc.)＋of
(4)倍数＋what
从句
[即时巩固]
单句语法填空
①They
have
three
times
as
many
cows
as
we
have.
②The
red
ruler
is
three
times
the
length
(long)
of
the
yellow
one.
③The
population
now
in
this
village
is
five
times
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
??
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
majority
(大多数)of
the
young
people
who
are
from
Italy
are
learning
Chinese
in
our
school.
2．I'm
rather
concerned
(关心的)
about
my
brother's
health.
3．The
adequate
rain
contributed
(有助于)
to
the
growth
of
the
crops.
4．On
average
(平均),
I
spend
$100
on
books
each
month.
5．He
has
a
large
amount
(数量)
of
mail
to
answer
every
day.
6．It
is
important
for
us
to
save
electricity
(电)
and
water.
Ⅱ.选词填空
cheer
sb.
up;
on
average;
take...into
account;
contribute
to;
because
of;
in
a
majority
1．In
the
nursing
profession,
women
are
in_a_majority.
2．He
was
unable
to
walk
because_of
the
bad
injury.
3．We
should
take
the
interests
of
the
whole
into_account.
4．Overuse
of
computers
will
contribute_to
the
failure
of
our
eyesight,
which
is
a
warning
to
us
all.
5．On_average,_people
who
don't
smoke
are
healthier
than
people
who
do.
6．I
wrote
that
song
just
to
cheer
myself
up.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．When
you
go
on
a
trip,
you
should
first
take_weather_into_account.
当你去旅游时，首先要考虑天气。
2．I'm
concerned_about
the
future
of
wildlife
in
Africa.
我很担心非洲野生动物的未来。
3．She
contributed_a_number_of_articles
to
the
magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。
4．It
takes_a_few_months_to_settle_into
life
at
college.
要经过几个月才能适应大学生活。
5．Obviously,
the
boy
doesn't
work
as_hard_as
many
of
his
classmates.
显然，这个男孩不像他的许多同学那么刻苦。
PAGEUnit
6
Earth
first
第四课时 Writing——建议信
假定你是李华，你的朋友张柯写信给你，就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。请根据下列提示，用英语给他写一封回信，推荐他买电子词典。注意：80词左右。
1．方便、快捷；
2．内置多部词典、能发音；
3．能储存资料。
参考词汇：电子词典electronic
dictionary；内存RAM
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
【分析】
本单元的写作任务是建议信。建议信是英语中常见的一种应用文体，就是在你所写的信中发表你的建议与看法。建议信除了遵循书信的格式之外，还要求在信中针对对方的问题，给出你的观点及解决办法。
一、基本结构
建议信一般采取“三段式结构”。
首段：表明意图，陈述事由。
主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。通常以firstly,
secondly,
thirdly或to
begin/start
with,
then,
later,
last
but
not
least等依次陈述建议。
结尾段：礼貌地总结或表示期盼回复。
二、注意事项
1．注意结构。通常以“三段式”结构行文。
2．客观地提出建议，针对对方的问题，给出你的观点。
3．语言要委婉、精炼，同时要简洁，表达清楚。
Ⅰ.用词
1．a_wise_choice
明智的选择
2．lead_to/contribute_to
促成
3．convenient
方便的
4．consult/look_up
查阅(资料)
5．meet_with
遇到
6．a_number_of/a_variety_of
很多
Ⅱ.造句
1．有几个因素促成了我的建议。
There
are
several
factors
which
lead
to
my
suggestion.
2．无论你到哪里去，带着电子词典都很方便，因为它比普通词典小得多。
It_is_convenient_for_you
to
carry
the
electronic
dictionary
wherever
you
go
as
it
is
much
smaller
than
the
common
one.
3．在电子词典中，你会非常快地得到你想要的。
You
can
get
what
you
want
in
the
electronic
dictionary
as
soon
as
possible.
Ⅲ.成篇
Dear_Zhang_Ke，
As_for_the_problem_you_put_forward_in_your_last_letter,_I_think_it_is_a_wise_choice_for_you_to_buy_an_electronic_dictionary.
There_are_several_factors_leading_to_my_suggestion._To_begin_with,_with_the_electronic_dictionary_being_much_smaller_than_the_common_one,_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_carry_it_wherever_going._Additionally,_you_can_get_what_you_want_in_the_electronic_dictionary_as_soon_as_possible,_for_consulting_this_kind_of_dictionary_is_really_a_piece_of_cake._When_meeting_with_the_useful_material,_you_can_store_it_as_much_as_possible_because_there_is_much_RAM_in_it._What_makes_it_outstanding_from_a_variety_of_others,_I_think,_is_that_it_can_give_you_a_vivid,_clear_and_correct_pronunciation_just_like_a_teacher_standing_by_you._Since_there_are_so_many_advantages,_why_not_buy_one？I_do_hope_my_suggestion_will_be_useful_to_you.
Yours,_
Li_Hua
Self?assessment
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．dive
v.
潜水
2．target
v.
把……作为目标；n.
目标；靶；受批评的对象
3．scare
v.
恐吓；受惊吓→scared
adj.
害怕的(修饰人)→scary
adj.
恐怖的；吓人的(修饰物)
4．fortune
n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate
adj.
幸运的→fortunately
adv.幸运地→unfortunately
adv.不幸地
5．extinct
adj.
灭绝的→extinction
n.
灭绝；绝种
6．attitude
n.
态度；看法→altitude
(形近词)
n.
高度
7．drought
n.
干旱
8．ocean
n.
海洋，大海
9．highlight
v.
使……突出；使注意力集中于
10．staff
n.
员工
11．damage
n．&
v.
损失；损害
12．flood
n.
洪水
13．supply
n.
煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)
14．restore
v.
使恢复
15．brochure
n．小册子
16．release
v.
释放；排放
17．smog
n.
烟雾，雾霾
18．severe
adj.
很严重的
19．lecture
n.
讲座，讲课
20．devote
v.
致力；献身；专心于→devotion
n.
献身；热爱；专心→devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
21．cruelty
n.
残忍；残酷→cruel
adj.
残忍的
22．presentation
n.
报告，说明→present
v.
提出；呈现
23．establish
v.
建立；设立→establishment
n.
建立
24．affect
v.
影响；感动；侵袭→effect
n.
作用；影响→affection
n.
喜爱；钟爱
25．adopt
v.
采用；采纳；收养→adoption
n.
收养；采取→adopted
adj.
收养的；领养的
26．reduce
v.
减少；降低→reduction
n.
减少；减价
27．fog
n.
雾→foggy
adj.
有雾的；模糊的
28．infection
n．感染；传染病→
infect
vt.感染；传染
29．permit
vt.&
vi.
许可；允许；准许
n.
通行证；许可证；执照→permission
n.
允许
30．false
adj.
错误的
31．amount
n.
数量
32．device
n.
设备，装置
33．leak
v.
渗漏
34．appliance
n.
家用电器
35．canteen
n.
食堂；餐厅
36．campaign
n.
(宣传)活动
37．average
adj.
平均的
n.
平均数
38．majority
n.
大多数；大半→major
adj.
主要的→minority
(反义词)
n.
少数
39．electricity
n.
电；电流；电学→electric
adj.
用电的；导电的→electrical
adj.
与电有关的
40．remove
v.
移走，搬走→removal
n.
移除
41．urge
v.
催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent
adj.
紧迫的→urgency
n.
紧急；迫切；紧急情况
42．concern
vt.
(使)
担忧；涉及；关系到
n.
担心；关注；(利害)
关系→concerned
adj.
有关的；担心的→concerning
prep.
关于
43．contribute
vt.&
vi.
捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution
n.
捐献；贡献
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．due_to
由于，因为
2．be_scared_of
害怕(做)
某事
3．in_fear
在恐惧中
4．cut_off
切断
5．come_across
偶然遇到
6．the_other_way_round
恰好相反
7．be_wrong_about
误解
8．by_mistake
错误地
9．protect...from...
保护……免受……
10．have_an_effect_on
对……有影响
11．aim_at
瞄准
12．get_involved_in
参与；涉及，卷入
13．keep...from
doing
阻止……做
14．without_permission
未经许可
15．be_reduced_by
减少了
16．replace...with
用……取代……
17．have_an_impact_on
对……有影响
18．be_frightened_of
害怕……
19．the_majority_of
大多数
20．a_large_amount_of
许多，大量
21．take...into
account
把……考虑进去
22．urge_sb.to_do_sth.
催促某人去做某事
23．be_concerned_about
为……担忧
24．contribute_to
有助于；促进
25．on_average
平均
26．come_up_with
提出；想出
27．depend_on
依靠；取决于
28．turn_off
关闭
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．Some
people
stopped
swimming
in
the
sea,
afraid
of
the
horrible
creature
from
the
film.
有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而停止在海里游泳。
2．In
1980，Benchley
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.
1980年，本奇利正在潜水时突然看到一个可怕的景象。
3．We've
also
seen
droughts
and
floods
caused
by
these
changes,
which
affect
the
water
supply
downstream.
我们也看到了这些变化造成的干旱和洪水，影响了下游的供水。
4．Our
job
is
to
protect
and
restore
the
natural
environment.
我们的工作是保护和恢复自然环境。
5．The
less
energy
you
use,
the
less
carbon
dioxide
is
released.
你使用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。
6．It
takes
hundreds
of
years
for
plastic
to
break
down，but
much
less
time
for
paper.
塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸张则要少得多。
7．However，making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
as
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to
three
times
the
amount
of
water.
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。
8．It
is
the
production
of
food,
not
its
transport,
that
uses
most
of
the
energy
and
produces
most
of
the
greenhouse
gases.
消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产，而不是运输。
Ⅳ.单元语法——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I
noticed
my
little
son
read
(read)
the
words
written
(write)on
his
small
blackboard.
2．Before
driving
into
the
city，you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed
(wash)．
3．The
dog
entered
the
room,
following
(follow)
the
boy.
4．Dick
found
himself
walking
(walk)
in
the
direction
of
Mike's
house.
5．You
may
find
it
hard
to_accept
(accept)
your
illness.
6．I
think
it
no
use
talking
(talk)
about
it
with
them.
7．The
rent
sounds
reasonable.How
would
you
like
it
paid
(pay)?
8．I
want
you
to
keep
me
informed
(inform)
of
the
things
that
are
going
with
you.
9．I'll
have
the
materials
sent
(send)
to
you
next
Monday
morning.
10．She
won't
have
her
long
and
beautiful
hair
cut
(cut)
short.
Ⅴ.单元应用文写作
假设你是某英文报社的编辑李华，你收到读者Mary的一封来信。她向你询问如何交友。请根据以下提示，用英语给她写一封回信，并针对她的问题提出你的建议。
1．人人都需要朋友，懂得如何交友极为重要；
2．对别人要友好，一个微笑就能拉近人与人之间的距离；
3．记住别人的名字，这样会让对方觉得自己很重要；
4．要关心别人，并在别人有困难时提供帮助；
5．与别人有分歧时，不要争吵，要商讨。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear
Mary，
I_was_very_glad_to_receive_your_letter_in_which_you_asked_me_about_how_to_make_friends._Everyone_needs_friends,_so_knowing_how_to_make_friends_is_very_important._Here_is_my_advice.
First,_you_must_be_friendly_to_others._A_smile_can_bring_people_close_to_each_other._Second,_it_is_necessary_to_remember_others'_names,_which_will_make_them_feel_that_they_are_important_to_you._Third,_you_should_care_about_others_and_try_to_help_others_when_they_have_difficulties._Finally,_if_you_have_different_opinions,_you_should_discuss_them_with_others,_and_never_quarrel_with_them.
I_hope_what_I_have_said_can_be_helpful_to_you.
Yours，
Li
Hua
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