UNIT
4 BODY
LANGUAGE
Why
Body
Language
Is
Important?
When
you
learn
a
foreign
language,
you
must
learn
more
than
the
vocabulary
and
the
grammar.To
communicate
successfully,
you
must
also
learn
the
non?verbal
language,
or
“body
language”
of
that
culture.“Body
language”
is
a
term
used
to
describe
facial
expressions,
gestures,
and
other
movements
of
the
body
that
send
messages.This
means
of
communication
is
so
important
that
we
may
actually
say
more
with
our
movements
than
with
words.
For
some
messages,
words
are
not
enough.Speaking
a
foreign
language
is
sometimes
difficult
because
we
may
not
understand
the
non?verbal
signals
of
another
culture.For
example,
nodding
the
head
up
and
down
is
a
gesture
that
may
communicate
different
messages
in
different
parts
of
the
world.In
North
America,
it
means
“I
agree”．In
the
Middle
East,
nodding
the
head
down
means
“I
agree”
and
up
means
“I
disagree”．In
a
conversation
among
Japanese
it
often
simply
means
“I'm
listening”．
Eye
contact
is
also
very
meaningful,
but
it
can
also
mean
different
things
in
different
countries.In
some
Spanish?speaking
countries,
children
show
respect
to
an
old
person
by
not
looking
directly
into
the
person's
eye
during
a
conversation.In
other
cultures,
looking
into
a
person's
eye
is
expected.For
example,
if
you
don't
do
it
in
the
United
States,
people
may
think
that
you
are
afraid,
embarrassed,
or
angry.In
the
Middle
East,
direct
eye
contact
in
a
conversation
is
more
continuous
than
in
many
other
parts
of
the
world.People
who
are
not
used
to
this
may
feel
uncomfortable.
开启快乐学习之旅
当你学习一门外语的时候，你必须学习词汇和语法以外的东西。为了能够顺利沟通，你必须学会那一文化的肢体语言。“肢体语言”是用来描述面部表情、姿势以及其他传递信息的身体动作的术语。这种沟通方式很重要，因而我们实际上可能用动作比用话语表达的更多。
对于有些信息，言语是不够的。有时候说一门外语很难，因为我们可能不理解另一文化的非语言信号。比如，上下点头这一姿势在世界不同的地方表达的信息也是不一样的。在北美，这一姿势意味着“我同意”。在中东，低头表示“我同意”，而抬头表示“我不同意”。在日本人的对话当中，它通常只是表示“我在听”。
眼神接触也很有意义，但是它在不同的国家也可以表示不同的意思。在一些说西班牙语的国家，孩子们在与老人的对话中通过不直视对方的眼睛来对对方表示尊敬。在其他文化中，人们期待别人直视眼睛。比如，在美国，如果你不这样做，人们可能会认为你害怕、尴尬或者生气。在中东，对话中直接的眼神接触的时间比世界上很多其他地方更持久。不习惯的人可能会觉得不舒服。
模块核心素养导航
Section
Ⅰ Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．interaction
n．交流；相互影响→interact
vi.交流；相互影响
2．vary
vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various
adj.多样的，各种各样的→variety
n．变化；多样化
3．appropriate
adj.合适的；恰当的→inappropriate
adj.不合适的；不恰当的
4．approve
vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval
n．赞成；批准
5．demonstrate
vt.表现；表达；说明；证明→demonstration
n．集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明
6．gesture
n．手势；姿势；姿态
7．witness
vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人
8．employ
vt.使用；应用；雇用→employer
n．雇主→employee
n．雇工
9．identical
adj.相同的
10．interpret
vt.把……理解(解释)为 vt.&
vi.口译→interpretation
n．理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式→interpreter
n．口译工作者；口译译员
11．differ
vi.相异；不同于→different
adj.相异的；不同的→difference
n．不同；相异
12．cheek
n．面颊；脸颊
13．favour
vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable
adj.给人好印象的；肯定的；赞同的；支持的；有利的
14．bow
vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) n．弓；蝴蝶结
15．waist
n．腰；腰部
16．barrier
n．隔阂；障碍
17．fake
adj.假装的；假的；冒充的
18．anger
n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry
adj.生气的
19．reliable
adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely
vi.信赖；依靠
20．incident
n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
21．trial
n．&
v．审讯；审判；试验；试用
22．slight
adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly
adv.略微；稍微
23．twin
adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一
24．nonverbal
adj.不涉及言语的；非语言的→verbal
adj.涉及言语的；语言的
25．assessment
n．评价；评定→assess
vt.评估；评价
26．internal
adj.内部的；里面的
27．slump
vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
28．pose
n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿勢 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
29．bend
vt.&
vi.(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向→bent(过去式)→bent(过去分词)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．body
language
身势语；肢体语言
2．vary
from...to...从……到……变化
3．look
into
someone's
eyes
直视某人
4．by
contrast相比之下
5．look
down俯视；向下看
6．by
comparison(与……)相比较
7．make
inferences推理；推断
8．figure
out想出；理解；弄清
9．get
through完成，干完(尤指难做的任务或工作)；度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期)；通过电话联系上；接通……的电话；通过(考试)
10．break
down消除；分解；打破
11．feel
down感到沮丧；情绪消沉
12．in
favour
of支持
13．tend
to_do
sth.易于；往往；倾向于；有助于
14．straighten
up直起来；整理；收拾整齐
15．end
up(通常指意外地)最终到达；最终；结果
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．We
can
learn
a
lot
about
what
people
are
thinking
by
watching_their_body_language.
通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。
2．In
countries
like
France
and
Russia,
people
may
kiss_their_friends_on_the_cheek
when
they
meet.
在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。
3．And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely,
there
is
nothing_better_than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
4．Can
you
describe
a
situation
where
you
might
smile
when
you
don't
mean
it?
你能描述一个当你不是真心的时候你可能会微笑的情况吗？
1
[典型例句]
There
is
a
need
for
more
interaction
between
staff
and
children.
教工与学生之间需要更多的交流。
There
is
an
interaction
between
physical
and
emotional
illness.
身体疾病与心理疾病之间存在着相互影响。
They
are
experts
on
human?computer
interaction.
他们是人机交互专家。
[思维拓展]
interaction
between
sb./sth.＝interaction
with
sb./sth.
与……的交流；与……相互影响
interact
vi.交流；相互影响
interact
with
sb.与某人交流；与某人沟通
interact
with
sth.与……相互影响
Teachers
have
a
limited
amount
of
time
to
interact
with
each
child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
Perfume
interacts
with
the
skin's
natural
chemicals.
香水和皮肤的天然化学物质相互作用。
[即时训练]
Millions
of
people
want
new,
simplified
ways
of
interacting
with
a
computer.
2
[典型例句]
It
is
an
appropriate
time
to
make
a
speech.
这是发表演讲的合适时间。
This
is
an
appropriate
request
for
them.
这对他们来说是个正当的要求。
[思维拓展]
be
appropriate
for/to对……合适
It
is
appropriate
for
sb.to
do
sth.适合某人做某事
It
is
appropriate(that)……是合适的
His
clothes
were
not
appropriate
for
such
a
season.
他的衣服不适宜在这样的季节穿。
[即时训练]
Now
that
we
have
found
the
problem，we
can
take
appropriate
(appropriately)
action.
3
[典型例句]
Last
of
all,
the
chief
editor
read
it
and
approved
it.
最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准可以发表了。
The
government
approved
a
plan
to
build
more
houses
for
the
poor
to
live
in.
政府批准了一项计划来建造更多的房子让穷人居住。
[思维拓展]
approve
of
sth.赞成；同意
approve
of
sb./sb.'s
doing
sth.赞成某人做某事
approval
n．[U]赞成；批准
Catherine's
mother
will
never
approve
of
her
marriage
to
you.
凯瑟琳的母亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
[即时训练]
Most
of
his
girlfriends
failed
to
meet
with
his
father's
approval(approve)．
4
[典型例句]
(1)表达；表露；表现；显露
You
need
to
demonstrate
more
self?control.
你应该表现出更强的自制力。
(2)证明；证实；论证；说明
These
results
demonstrate
convincingly
that
our
campaign
is
working.
这些结果有力地证明，我们的运动正在发挥作用。
Let
me
demonstrate
to
you
some
of
the
difficulties
we
are
facing.
我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。
(3)示范；演示
Her
job
involves
demonstrating
new
educational
software.
她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。
(4)集会示威；游行示威
They
are
demonstrating
in
favour
of
free
higher
education.
他们举行示威游行，要求实行免费高等教育。
[思维拓展]
demonstrate
sth.表现……；表达……
demonstrate
sth.to
sb.向某人证明……；向某人表达……
demonstrate
sth.to
be...证明某事……
demonstrate
that...证明……
It
has
been
demonstrated
that
...已经证明……
demonstrate
against...示威反对……
demonstration
n.
集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明
[即时训练]
It
has
been
demonstrated
that
this
drug
is
effective.
5
[典型例句]
(1)vt.当场看到，目击；见证
Several
residents
claimed
to
have
witnessed
the
attack.
几个居民声称他们亲眼看见了那起袭击事件。
(2)n.目击者，证人 常用搭配：
One
witness
to
the
accident
said
the
driver
appeared
to
be
drunk.
那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。
He
decided
to
appear
as
(a)
witness
for
the
prosecution.
他决定出庭为原告作证。
[即时训练]
Many
people
witnessed(witness)
the
car
accident，so
it
was
not
difficult
to
investigate.
6
[典型例句]
Our
company
employed
about
one
hundred
people.
我们公司雇用了大约一百人。
You
could
employ
your
spare
time
better.
你可以更好地利用闲暇时间。
[思维拓展]
employ
sb.to
do...
雇用某人做……
employ
sb.as...
雇用某人为……；聘请某人担任……
be
employed
in
doing
sth.从事于；忙于做某事
employer
n．雇主
employee
n．雇工
[即时训练]
The
firm
employed(employ)
the
retired
professor
as
an
adviser.
7
[典型例句]
(1)vt.把……理解(解释)为
The
data
can
be
interpreted
in
many
different
ways.
这份资料可以从多方面解读。
(2)vt.&
vi.口译
She
couldn't
speak
much
English
so
her
children
had
to
interpret
for
her.
她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。
(3)vt.诠释；演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色)
He
interpreted
the
role
with
a
lot
of
humour.
他把这个角色演得十分幽默。
[思维拓展]
interpret
...as...把……理解(解释)为
interpret
sth.for
sb.为某人口头翻译
interpret
...into...把……解释成……
interpretation
n．理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式
interpreter
n．口译工作者；口译译员
[即时训练]
I
didn't
know
whether
to
interpret
her
silence
as
acceptance
or
refusal.
8
[典型例句]
differ
from...in...在……方面不同于……
differ
with
sb.on/about
sth.关于某事不同于某人的观点。
Customs
differ
in
different
countries.
各国风俗不同。
The
twins
differ
from
each
other
in
character.
这对孪生姐妹性格迥异。
I
have
to
differ
with
you
on
that.
在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。
[思维拓展]
different
adj.不同的；有差别的
be
different
from...in...在……方面与……不同
difference
n．区别；差异
tell
the
difference
between
A
and
B
说出A与B的区别
make
a/no/some/...difference
(to)有/没有/有一些……关系/作用/影响
make
all
the
difference
关系重大；大不相同
Whether
he
comes
or
not
makes
no
difference.
他是否来没有影响。
[即时训练]
In
our
daily
life,
everyone
fails
every
now
and
then.It
is
how
you
react
that
makes
a
difference(different)．
9
[典型例句]
(1)n.
喜爱，偏爱；恩惠，帮助；赞同，支持。
Was
he
in
favour
of
the
death
penalty？他赞成死刑吗？
Can
I
ask
a
favour
of
you？＝Can
I
ask
you
for
a
favour?
请您帮个忙，好吗？
Do
me
a
favour
to
turn
off
the
radio.
帮我把收音机关上。
(2)vt.
较喜欢，选择；有助于，有利于；偏爱。
The
president
is
believed
to
favour
further
tax
cuts.
人们认为总统会赞同进一步减税。
She
always
favours
her
youngest
child.
她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。
[思维拓展]
favourable
adj.
赞同的，有利的
favoured
adj.
受到宠爱的，得到偏爱的
favourite
adj.特别喜欢的 n.
特别喜欢的人/事物
[即时训练]
We
were
very
excited
because
the
score
was
4?1
in
our
favour.
10
[典型例句]
(1)vi
鞠躬，点头。
They
bowed
to
the
audience
in
the
end.
最后他们向观众鞠躬。
All
the
people
bowed
down
before
the
Emperor.
所有人都向皇帝鞠躬。
(2)vt.
低(头)，俯(首)。常与
down
连用。
She
bowed
her
head
(down)
in
shame.
她羞愧地低下了头。
(3)vi.
&
vt.
(使)弯曲。相当于
bend。
The
willows
bow
in
the
breeze.
柳树被微风吹弯了。
His
back
was
bowed
under
the
weight
of
the
packs.
背包压弯了他的背。
(4)n.
[C]鞠躬；弓；蝴蝶结。
He
moved
aside
for
her
with
a
polite
bow.
他礼貌地鞠躬，退避一旁让她过去。
Liu
Xiang
made
his
start
like
an
arrow
from
a
bow.
刘翔起跑时像一支离弦的箭。
[思维拓展]
bow
to/before
sb.向某人鞠躬
bow
low
(to/before
sb.)
(向某人)深深地鞠一躬
bow
down
(to/before
sb.)
(向某人)鞠躬
[图解助记]
[即时训练]
Your
table
tennis
is
excellent.I
bow
to
your
superior
skill.
11
[典型例句]
We're
looking
for
someone
who
is
reliable
and
hard?working.
我们正在寻找可靠而又勤奋的人。
[思维拓展]
rely
on/upon＝depend
on/upon
依靠；信任；信赖
rely
on
it
that...相信……
He
is
a
person
that
you
can
rely
on.
他是一个你可以信赖的人。
[即时训练]
In
order
to
ensure
children's
health，we
are
determined
to
provide
milk
products
with
reliable
(rely)
sources.
12
[典型例句]
He's
standing
trial
for
thieving.
他正因涉嫌偷窃而接受审判。
We
shall
put
the
machine
to
further
trial.
我们将进一步试验这部机器。
[思维拓展]
be
on
trial在受审；在试验中
stand
trial
for...因……而受审
make
a
trial进行试验
[即时训练]
The
robber
is
on
trial
at
present.
13
[典型例句]
The
patient
is
slightly
better
today.
病人今天稍好些了。
He
was
slightly
wounded
in
the
car
accident.
他在车祸中受了轻伤。
[思维拓展]
slight
adj.
轻微的；微小的
Don't
worry.It's
just
a
slight
problem.
别担心，那只是个小问题。
[即时训练]
The
middle?aged
economist
advised
that
the
merchants
be
taxed
slightly(slight)
from
the
beginners
in
the
business.
14
[典型例句]
That
means
you
must
be
able
to
assess
when
people
are
not
telling
the
whole
truth
and
then
try
to
discover
it.
那就是说，当人们还没有说出全部的真相时，你必须能够做出判断，然后去发现它。
[思维拓展]
(1)assess
sth.at＋钱 估算/评估某物为多少钱
assess
sth./sb.(as
sth./sb.)评定/评价(为……)
assess＋从句 评定/评估……
(2)assessor
n．评审员/估价员
assessment
n．评价/评定
make
an
assessment
of评估/评价
After
the
flood,
they
assessed
the
loss
at
10
million
yuan.
洪水过后，他们估算损失为一千万元。
[即时训练]
The
young
men
were_assessed(assess)
as
either
safe
or
unsafe
drivers.
15
[典型例句]
(1)vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
The
task
poses
no
special
problems.
这项任务不会造成特别的问题。
(2)vi.摆好姿势
The
delegates
posed
for
a
group
photograph.
代表们摆好姿势准备拍集体照。
(3)vi.佯装；冒充；假扮
The
gang
entered
the
building
posing
as
workmen.
这伙匪徒冒充工人混进了大楼。
(4)(通常用于进行时)招摇；炫耀；拿姿作态
I
saw
him
out
posing
in
his
new
sports
car.
我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。
(5)n.故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势
He
adopted
a
relaxed
pose
for
the
camera.
他摆了个悠闲的姿势拍照。
[思维拓展]
pose
a
threat/challenge/danger/risk
构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险
pose
as
sb.冒充某人
pose
(for
sb./sth.)
(为画像、摄影)摆好姿势
strike
a
pose/an
attitude摆出某种姿态
[即时训练]
This
could
pose
a
threat
to
jobs
in
the
coal
industry.
考点集训一
1．I
like
to
interact
with
others,
so
I
have
many
friends.
2．The
theories
were
demonstrated
to_be_false(false)．
3．The
students
were
asked
to_interpret(interpret)the
poem.
4．It
is
not
possible
for
everyone
to
put
their
own
interpretation(interpret)on
the
law.
5．After
the
wedding
we
all
posed
for
a
photograph.
6．The
firm
has
over
500
employees(employ)．
7．French
differs
from
English
in
this
respect.
8．The
most
common
multiple
births
are
twins(twin),
two
babies
born
at
the
same
time.
9．She
desperately
wanted
to
win
her
father's
approval(approve)．
10．Our
information
comes
from
a
reliable(rely)source.
vary
from...to...
由……到……不等，从……到……变化
[典型例句]
Teaching
methods
vary
greatly
from
school
to
school.
各个学校的教学方法大不相同。
[思维拓展]
vary
in
sth.在某方面不同/有差异
vary
with随……变化/改变
vary
between...and...从……到……不等
various
adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
varied
adj.各种各样的；变化的
variety
n．不同种类；多样化
a
variety
of＝varieties
of种种
[即时训练]
Opinions
on
this
matter
varied(various)
greatly
from
person
to
person，but
somehow
we
managed
to
reach
a
decision.
2
[典型例句]
(1)弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
I
can't
figure
out
how
to
do
this.
我弄不懂怎么做这件事。
(2)计算(数量或成本)
Have
you
figured
out
how
much
the
trip
will
cost?
旅行要花多少费用你计算出来没有？
[思维拓展]
figure
on计划；打算；预料到
it/that
figures有道理；合乎情理
watch
one's
figure注意保持体形
[即时训练]
It
took
them
about
one
month
to
figure
out
how
to
start
the
equipment.
3
[典型例句]
(1)vi.(机器)出故障，(车辆)抛锚，损坏
The
car
broke
down
on
the
way
to
the
airport.
车子在去机场的路上抛锚了。
(2)vi.(身体)垮掉
Your
health
will
break
down
if
you
work
too
hard.
若工作太累，你的身体会垮的。
(3)vi.(谈判等)失败，破裂
The
peace
talk
broke
down
with
no
agreement
reached.
和平会谈失败，没有达成任何协议。
[图解助记]
[即时训练]
My
car
broke
down
on
my
way
to
the
town.
4
[典型例句]
I'm
all
in
favour
of
equal
pay
for
equal
work.
我完全支持同工同酬。
I
talked
to
Susan
about
it,
and
she's
all
in
favour
of
going.
我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同离开。
[思维拓展]
(1)be
in/out
of
favour
(with
sb.)
＝be
in/out
of
sb.'s
favour
得到/失去某人的尊重、赞同等
in
sb.'s
favour
对某人有利
do
sb.a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.帮某人忙
owe
sb.a
favour
欠某人一个人情
(2)favourable
adj.喜爱的；赞同的
I'll
ask
Tom
to
take
it.He
owes
me
a
favour.
我要请汤姆接受。他欠我一个人情。
Could
you
do
me
a
favour
and
turn
off
the
light?
请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？
(3)in＋名词＋of短语
in
search
of
寻找
in
need
of
需要
in
place
of
代替
in
memory
of
为了纪念
in
case
of
万一
in
terms
of
就……而言；在……方面
in
possession
of
占有
in
charge
of
主管；负责
in
praise
of
赞扬；表扬
in
view
of
鉴于；考虑到
[即时训练]
Most
people
are
in
favour
of
bringing
down
housing
prices
because
they
are
too
high
for
them.
[典型例句]
I
tried
to
ring
my
girlfriend
but
I
couldn't
get
through.
我试图给女朋友打电话，可是打不通。
If
you
keep
disturbing
him,
he
will
never
get
through
his
work.
如果你一直打扰他，他永远也做不完他的工作。
It
took
us
only
a
few
minutes
to
get
through
the
Customs.
我们通过海关只花了几分钟时间。
[思维拓展]
(1)get
across
被理解；使人了解
get
down
to
认真地静下心(工作)(to
为介词)
get
over
克服
get
on
进展；进步
get
in
收获
get
around/round
到处走动；传播出去
Your
meaning
didn't
really
get
across.
你的意思并未真正被别人理解。
(2)go
through
检查；经历
pass
through
从……中穿过；走过……中
look
through
浏览；仔细查看
see
through
看穿；识破
live
through
活过(一段时间)；经过……后仍然活着
break
through
突破(障碍)
Ms
Chen
is
going
through
the
students'
papers.
陈老师正在检查学生们的论文。
[即时训练]
Hardly
could
he
get
through
this
amount
of
work
in
such
a
short
time.
6
[典型例句]
I
told
them
to
straighten
up.
我叫他们挺起身子来。
From
ingrained
habit
he
paused
to
straighten
up
the
bed.
出于长期的习惯，他停下来整理床铺。
[思维拓展]
straighten
out(使)变直；(使)变正；理清，整顿(混乱的局面)
straight
away立刻；马上
[即时训练]
Straighten
up
the
room.
考点集训二
1．No
one
could
figure
out
how
he
got
to
be
so
wealthy.
2．The
boy
with
his
back
to
the
camera
began
to
straighten
up;_he
was
turning.
3．It
is
hard
to
see
how
people
will
get
through
the
winter.
4．I
wouldn't
be
in
favour
of
income
tax
cuts.
5.Our
customs
vary
from
place
to
place.
6．Talks
with
business
leaders
broke
down
last
night.
7．She
broke
down
when
she
heard
the
news,
but
quickly
recovered.
8．When
you
look
at
their
new
system,
ours
seems
very
old?fashioned
by
contrast.
9．By
comparison,
expenditure
on
education
increased
last
year.
We
can
learn
a
lot
about
what
people
are
thinking
by
watching
their
body
language.
通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。
[句式分析]
by
doing表示方式，意为“凭借；通过”。
He
makes
a
living
by
doing
odd
jobs.
他靠做临时的工作来谋生。
[即时训练]
Switch
it
on
by
pressing
this
button.
In
countries
like
France
and
Russia，people
may
kiss
their
friends
on
the
cheek
when
they
meet.
在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。
[句式分析]
kiss
their
friends
on
the
cheek
属于“动词＋sb.＋in/on/by＋the＋身体部位”结构，该结构用来表示接触某人身体的某一部位。
Don't
hit
him
in
the
face.
不要打他的脸。
The
angry
father
caught
his
son
by
the
arm.
那个生气的父亲拽住了他儿子的胳膊。
The
naughty
boy
hit
the
man
on
the
nose.
那个淘气的男孩儿打中了那个人的鼻子。
[巧学妙记]
[即时训练]
He
hit
the
boy
in
the
face.
Can
you
describe
a
situation
where
you
might
smile
when
you
don't
mean
it？
你能描述一个当你不是真心的时候你可能会微笑的情况吗？
[句式分析]
当先行词为抽象地点名词case,situation,position,atmosphere,stage,activity,
family和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in
which来引导定语从句。
The
country
is
in
the
situation
where
a
war
will
break
out
at
any
time.
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
[即时训练]
①We
may
find
ourselves
in
a
situation
where
we
can't
pay
our
debts.
②All
the
neighbours
admire
this
family,
where
the
parents
treat
their
children
like
friends.
考点集训三
1．The
all?female
ship
crew
made
history
by
becoming(become)the
first
to
sail
round
the
world.
2.She
leaned
up
and
kissed
him
on
the
cheek.
3．Imagine
that
you
are
in
a
situation
where
no
one
believes
in
you.
4．Let's
think
of
a
situation
where
this
idiom
can
be
used.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．While
the
other
children
interacted(交流)
and
played
together,
Ted
ignored
them.
2．His
sudden
departure
had
demonstrated(说明)
how
unreliable
he
was.
3．His
expressions
varied(变化)from
poker?faced
to
blank.
4.Jeans
are
not
appropriate(合适的)
for
a
formal
party.
5．She
finished
what
she
had
to
say
with
a
gesture(姿势)of
despair.
6．Your
time
could
be
usefully
employed(使用)in
attending
to
professional
matters.
7．Police
have
appealed
for
witnesses(目击者)
to
the
accident.
8．Her
dress
is
almost
identical(相同的)to
mine.
9．Later
on
I
remember
that
I
forgot
to_bow(鞠躬)
at
that
time.
10．The
coat
is
a
bit
tight
at
the
waist(腰部)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her
confidence
was
merely
a
pose
to
hide
her
uncertainty.
2．I
like
to
interact
with
people
and
I
am
good
at
communication.
3．We
want
to_demonstrate(demonstrate)
our
commitment
to
human
rights.
4．We
were
driving
half
when
the
car
broke
down.
5．Performances
varied
from
excellent
to
acceptable.
6．Two?thirds
of
the
French
are
in
favour
of
limiting
foreign
imports
into
Europe.
7．Look,
I
can't
get
through
to
this
number.
8．You
must
figure
out
some
way
of
getting
some
bread.
9．Speaking
through
an
interpreter(interpret),
the
President
said
that
the
talks
were
going
well.
10．Robert
patted
her
on
the
head
in
a
friendly
manner.
PAGEBody
Language
Section
Ⅱ Learning
About
Language
v．?ing形式作宾语和表语
?考点一 v．?ing形式作宾语
v．?ing形式可作动词(短语)的宾语和介词的宾语，我们在此重点讲解前者的用法。
1．在admit,
avoid,
consider(考虑),
enjoy,
escape,
excuse,
finish,
imagine，mind,
miss,
practise,
suggest,
delay,
appreciate等动词之后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。
I
often
practise
listening
and
speaking.
我经常练习听和说。
Do
you
mind
passing
me
that
dictionary?
你介意递给我那本词典吗？
2．在动词短语give
up，put
off，get
to(着手)，object
to，look
forward
to，devote
oneself
to，can't
help(禁不住)等后用动名词作宾语。
I
object
to
being
scolded
for
the
trivial
matter
like
this.
我反对因这样的小事而受人责备。
Everyone
was
looking
forward
to
returning
home.
大家都盼望着回家。
[巧学妙记]
巧记后接动名词作宾语的及物动词(短语)：
建议，考虑，坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insist
on，practise)，
允许，想象，弃冒险(permit，allow，imagine，give
up，risk)，
阻止，抵抗，否逃脱(prevent，resist，deny，escape)，
不禁，介意，保持完(can't
help，mind，keep，finish)，
耽误，推迟，求原谅(delay，put
off，require，forgive，excuse)，
承认，错过，欣喜欢(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)。
3．动词begin，start，continue等后既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。但begin，start，continue本身用于进行时或后接realize，wonder等表心理活动的词时，常用不定式作宾语。
I
was
allowed
to
continue
using
the
library.
我获准继续使用该图书馆。
They
continued
to
meet
every
week.
他们继续每周见面。
4．动词love，like，hate，prefer等后可跟动名词和不定式作宾语，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
He
likes
swimming.
他喜欢游泳。
He
doesn't
like
to
swim
this
afternoon.
今天下午他不愿去游泳。
5．一些动词(短语)后既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。这些动词(短语)有：
I
meant
to
tell
you
the
truth，but
it
was
too
late.
我本打算告诉你真相的，但是太晚了。
Missing
the
train
means
waiting
for
another
hour.
错过那班火车意味着再等一个小时。
I'll
try
to
learn
Spanish.
我要努力学习西班牙语。
Why
not
try
going
by
boat?
为什么不试着坐船去呢？
Remember
to
go
to
the
post
office
after
school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't
you
remember
seeing
the
man
before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗？
6．need，want，require后作宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。need/want/require
doing＝need/want/require
to
be
done。
Your
house
needs
repairing.(＝Your
house
needs
to
be
repaired.)你的房子需要修理。
Your
coat
wants
washing.(＝Your
coat
wants
to
be
washed.)
你的外套该洗了。
注意：v.?ing的复合结构作宾语。形式有：
I
knew
nothing
about
the
window
being
open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
?考点二 v．?ing作表语
1．动名词作表语
作表语的动名词所体现的是名词的特性，用于对主语的内容进行解释说明，且主语和表语可以换位。
What
I
am
tired
of
is
waiting
here
alone.
我厌烦独自在这里等。
My
job
is
teaching
you
English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
2．现在分词作表语
作表语的现在分词是形容词性的，表示主语的性质或特征，主语和表语不可换位。
The
result
of
the
accident
is
shocking.
这一事故的后果令人震惊。
The
argument
is
very
convincing.
这一论据很有说服力。
单句语法填空
1．Shortly
after
suffering
from
a
massive
earthquake
and
being_reduced
(reduce)
to
ruins,
the
city
took
on
a
new
look.
2．I
remembered
to_lock
(lock)
the
door
before
I
left
the
office，but
forgot
to
turn
off
the
lights.
3．The
news
was
shocking
(shock)，and
there
was
a
frightened
(frighten)
look
on
her
face.
PAGEBody
Language
Section
Ⅲ Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．reveal
vt.揭示；显示；露出
2．clarify
vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
3．educator
n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→education
n．教育→educate
vt.教育
4．tick
vt.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n．钩号
5．tendency
n．趋势；倾向
6．lower
vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的
7．imply
vt.意味着；暗示
8．barely
adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
9．chin
n．下巴
10．occupy
vt.占据；占用→occupation
n．职业；占据
11．stare
vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视
12．ceiling
n．天花板；上限
13．distract
vt.分散(注意力)；使分心
14．perceive
vt.察觉；看待；理解
15．distinguish
vi.&
vt.区分；辨别
16．anxiety
n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious
adj.焦虑的；担心的
17．chest
n．胸部；胸腔
18．embarrassed
adj.难堪的；尴尬
19．ashamed
adj.羞愧的；惭愧的
20．merely
adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
21．bother
vi.&
vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便
22．weep
vi.&
vt.哭泣；流泪
23．conflict
n．&
vi.矛盾；冲突
24．inquire
vi.&
vt.询问；打听
25．ultimately
adv.最终；最后
26．adjust
vt.调整；调节 vi.&
vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustment
n．适应；调整
27．intervene
vi.干预；介入
28．react
vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction
n．反应；回应
29．component
n．组成部分；零件
30．tone
n．语气；腔调；口吻
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．make
sense有道理；讲得通
2．go
on进行；发生
3．at
the
same
time同时；然而
4．in
other
words换句话说；也就是说
5．call
on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
6．at
work有某种影响；在工作
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．It_is_as_though
they
are
asleep
with_their_eyes_open.
他们好像睁着眼在睡觉。
2．While
it
is
easy
to
perceive
when
students
are
interested,
bored,
or
distracted,
it
is
sometimes
much
harder
to
distinguish
when
students
are
troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
3．Their
body
language
lets
me
know
when_to_adjust_class_activities，when_to_intervene，and_when_to_talk_to_students_individually,_so
they
can
all
get
the
most
out
of
school.
他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该介入，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。
1
[典型例句]
The
report
reveals
(that)
the
company
made
a
loss
of
￡20
million
last
year.
报告显示，公司去年亏损2
000万英镑。
He
laughed,
revealing
a
line
of
white
teeth.
他笑了起来，露出一排洁白的牙齿。
[思维拓展]
reveal
sth.to
sb.把某事透漏给某人
reveal
that...显示……
[即时训练]
It
was
revealed
that
important
evidence
had
been
suppressed.
2
[典型例句]
You
can
clarify
this
question
if
you
study
British
history.
如果你学习英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。
[思维拓展]
clarify
one's
position/stand 阐明某人的立场
clarify
matters
澄清真相
clarification
n.
澄清；阐明
The
piece
of
evidence
will
help
to
clarify
matters.
这条证据将有助于澄清真相。
[即时训练]
I
am
seeking
clarification
of
the
regulation.I
hope
this
can
clarify
my
position.(clarify)
3
[典型例句]
The
clock
ticked
away
the
minutes.
钟表显示时间一分一秒地过去。
[思维拓展]
tick
sb./sth.off
给……画上钩；给……打对号
Tick
all
the
questions
off，please.
把所有的问题标出来。
[即时训练]
I
have
ticked
off
the
names
of
the
people
who
have
paid.
4
[典型例句]
Measures
must
be
taken
to
stop
this
tendency.
必须采取措施来阻止这种倾向。
She
showed
her
musical
tendency
at
an
early
age.
她从小就显露出音乐偏好。
[思维拓展]
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.有做某事的倾向
You
will
have
a
tendency
to
grow
fat.
你有发胖的倾向。
[即时训练]
The
teacher
has
a
tendency(tend)
to
get
off
topic；sometimes
it
is
difficult
for
students
to
make
out
what
he
is
saying.
5
[典型例句]
(1)占据(时间、空间等)
Family
affairs
occupy
most
of
her
free
time.
家庭事务占用了她大部分闲暇时间。
The
bed
occupied
too
much
room.这床占地方太大了。
(2)(军事)占领
The
army
occupied
the
enemy's
capital.
军队占领了敌人的首都。
(3)占有(房屋、土地)
They
occupy
the
house
next
door.他们住在隔壁。
(4)任职
My
sister
occupies
an
important
position
in
her
firm.
我姐姐在她的公司担任要职。
[思维拓展]
occupation
n．占用；职业；消遣
occupied
adj.使用中；忙碌的
be
fully
occupied忙得不可开交
occupy
oneself
with
sth./in
doing
sth.忙于……
be
occupied
with
sth./in
doing
sth.忙于；全神贯注于；从事
[即时训练]
①Lisa
is
occupied(occupy)
with
her
enterprise
day
in
and
day
out
and
therefore,
she
has
been
praised.
②Having
retired
from
business,
he
now
occupies
himself
with
the
welfare
of
the
disabled.
6
[典型例句]
(1)vi.盯着看；凝视
It's
rude
to
stare
at
others.
盯着别人看是不礼貌的。
He
stared
at
the
girl,
trying
to
remember
who
she
was.
他盯着这个女孩，努力想记起她是谁。
(2)n.凝视
She
gave
him
a
blank
stare.
她面无表情地直视着他。
[易混辨析]
stare
at,
glare
at,
glance
at,
look
at
stare
at
“盯着看；凝视”，表示因好奇、惊讶而睁大眼睛看，强调长时间盯着看，有时含有无礼或粗鲁的意味。
glare
at
“怒视”，表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性地瞪眼睛”的意思。
glance
at
“瞥见”，强调“匆匆”和“瞥”，表示动作的短暂。
look
at
“看着”，无感彩，强调动作。
The
girl
stared
at
the
blank
sheet
of
paper
for
a
few
seconds.
那个女孩对着那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。
The
teacher
glared
at
the
boys
when
they
laughed
loudly
at
class.
当男孩子们在课堂上大笑时，老师怒视着他们。
The
man
glanced
nervously
at
his
watch.
那人紧张地看了一眼手表。
The
men
all
turned
to
look
at
her
as
she
entered
the
room.
她走进房间时，所有男士都转过来朝她看。
[即时训练]
I
stared
blankly
at
the
paper
in
front
of
me.
7
[典型例句]
You're
distracting
me
from
my
work.
你使我不能专心工作。
Don't
talk
to
her—she's
very
easily
distracted.
不要同她讲话——她的注意力很容易分散。
[思维拓展]
distract
sb./sth.
(from
sth.)使某人/某物从某事中分心；使某人/某物不能专心于某事
distraction
n．分散注意力的事；使人分心的事；娱乐；消遣
distracted
adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的
[即时训练]
Tom
admits
that
playing
video
games
sometimes
distracts
him
from
his
homework.
8
[典型例句]
I
perceived
a
change
in
his
behaviour.
我注意到他举止有些改变。
This
discovery
was
perceived
as
a
major
breakthrough.
这一发现被视为一项重大突破。
[即时训练]
The
patient
was
perceived
to_have(have)difficulty
in
breathing.
[典型例句]
Sometimes
reality
and
fantasy
are
hard
to
distinguish.
有时候现实和梦幻很难区分。
[思维拓展]
(1)distinguish
oneself
使自己扬名
distinguish
between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
distinguish...by...以……为特征
(2)distinguished
adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的
be
distinguished
for...因……而出名
be
distinguished
as...作为……而出名
distinguishable
adj.可区别的
(3)tell
the
differences
between...把……与……区分开
tell...from...把……与……区分开
She
has
already
distinguished
herself
as
an
athlete.
作为运动员她已享有盛名。
You
should
learn
to
distinguish
between
right
and
wrong.
你应学会明辨是非。
The
twins
are
so
alike
that
no
one
can
distinguish
one
from
the
other.
这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。
He
is
distinguished
for
his
knowledge
of
linguistics.
他因语言学的知识而著名。
It
was
hard
to
tell
the
difference
between
the
two
versions.
很难分辨出这两个版本有什么区别。
I
believe
he
is
able
to
tell
the
true
from
the
false.
我相信他能辨别真假。
[即时训练]
“Chen
Yunlin
distinguished(distinguishable)
himself
during
the
visit
to
Taiwan，”
Wang
Yi
remarked.
10
[典型例句]
She
was
anxious
for
them
all
to
leave
her
room.
她渴望他们全都离开她的房间。
We
were
anxious
that
everyone
(should)
know
the
truth.
我们渴望人人都了解实情。
[思维拓展]
be
anxious
for/about(＝be
worried/concerned
about)为……担心/担忧
be
anxious
for(＝be
eager
for/be
keen
on)渴望……
be
anxious(for
sb.)to
do
sth.渴望(某人)做……
be
anxious
that...渴望……(从句谓语用should
do，should可以省略)
anxiously
adv.焦虑地；不安地
anxiety
n．担心；忧虑；渴望
with
anxiety焦虑地
anxiety
for对……的渴望
anxiety
about/over对……的忧虑
anxiety
to
do
sth.对做某事的渴望
[即时训练]
—I
wonder
if
she
will
show
up
at
the
concert.
—She
will.She
is
only
too
anxious(anxiety)
to
watch
the
famous
conductor.
11
[典型例句]
She
is
embarrassed
about
her
weight.
她因自己的体重而尴尬。
He
felt
embarrassed
as
being
the
centre
of
attention.
成为关注的焦点使他觉得尴尬。
[易混辨析]
embarrassed，embarrassing
embarrassed“尴尬的，陷入困境的”，修饰人。
embarrassing
adj.令人难堪的，修饰事物。
I've
never
felt
so
embarrassed
in
my
life.
在我的一生中我从未感到如此尴尬。
It
can
be
embarrassing
to
have
a
child
say
what
he
does
not
want
to.
要一个孩子说他不愿意说的东西令人尴尬。
[即时训练]
I
felt
embarrassed(embarrass)
when
I
had
to
sing
songs
in
front
of
my
classmates.
12
[典型例句]
She
was
deeply
ashamed
of
her
behaviour.
她对自己的行为深感羞愧。
Tom
was
ashamed
that
he
had
lost
his
temper.
汤姆因自己发脾气感到内疚。
[思维拓展]
shame
n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
shameful
adj.可耻的，不体面的
shameless
adj.不知羞耻的
[易混辨析]
ashamed，shameful
ashamed
指人“感到羞耻的”，只作表语
I'm
ashamed
of
your
words.我为你的话感到羞愧。
shameful
指行为等“可耻的”，可作定语或表语
It's
shameful
to
lie.撒谎是可耻的。
[即时训练]
That
is
a
shameful(shame)
conduct.I
feel
ashamed(shame)
of
what
he's
done.
13
[典型例句]
They
are
not
merely
content
with
filling
the
stomach.
他们不仅仅满足于填饱肚子。
You
can't
blame
me
for
that
because
I
merely
want
to
find
out
the
truth.
你不能为那件事情责怪我，因为我只不过想搞清楚事情真相。
[思维拓展]
mere
adj.仅仅的
It
took
her
a
mere
20
minutes
to
win.
她只花了20分钟就赢了。
[即时训练]
It
is
not
merely(mere)
a
job,
but
a
way
of
life.
14
[典型例句]
(1)vt.打扰；烦扰
I
don't
want
to
bother
you
with
my
problems.
我不想因为我的问题而打扰你。
(2)vi.费心；操心；麻烦
—Shall
I
help
you?
——我可以帮你吗？
—Don't
bother.I'll
do
it
later.
——不用费心了，我一会儿自己做。
(3)n.(不可数名词)麻烦；(可数名词)令人麻烦的事；引起麻烦的人
Tom
is
a
bother
to
his
teacher.
汤姆使他老师大伤脑筋。
[思维拓展]
bother
to
do
sth.费心去做某事
bother
about
sth.为某事烦恼
bother
sb.with
sth.为某事麻烦某人
be
sorry
to
bother
you,
but...很抱歉打扰你一下，但是……
put
sb.to
any
bother
给某人添乱
without
any
bother
毫不费力地
It
bothers
sb.that/to
do
sth.
使某人苦恼的是……
I
didn't
want
to
put
you
to
any
bother.
我不想给你添乱。
[易混辨析]
bother，disturb，trouble，annoy
这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。
(1)bother
指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。
(2)disturb
指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比
bother
弱。
(3)trouble
常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的要求。
(4)annoy
通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。
What's
troubling
you—money
problems?
什么事令你忧虑不安——经济问题吗？
These
flies
are
annoying
me.
这些苍蝇一直在烦我。
[即时训练]
It's
not
worth
bothering
with
an
umbrella—the
car's
just
outside.
15
[典型例句]
Laugh,
and
the
world
laughs
with
you;
weep,
and
you
weep
alone.
(谚)欢笑，整个世界伴你欢笑；哭泣，只有你独自向隅而泣。
[思维拓展]
weep
for/with
sth.因为某事而哭泣
weep
to
do
sth.因为做某事而怆然泪下
[即时训练]
Dr.Tom
said
the
health
care
decision
made
him
weep(weep)
for
his
country.
16
[典型例句]
Happily
this
was
accomplished
without
conflict
when
King
James
of
Scotland
became
King
of
England
and
Wales
as
well.
令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。
The
conflict
in
the
Middle
East
has
lasted
decades.
中东地区的冲突已经持续几十年了。
The
two
stories
conflicted,
so
I
did
not
know
which
to
believe.
两种描述互相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个。
[思维拓展]
conflict
over
sth.在某事上的矛盾/冲突
conflict
between
A
and
B
A与B之间的矛盾/冲突
in
conflict
(with...)(与……)处于矛盾之中
come
into
conflict
(with...)(与……)发生争执
Union
leaders
are
again
in
conflict
with
management.
工会领导人又一次与管理层发生冲突。
[即时训练]
We
found
that
these
results
conflicted(conflict)
with
earlier
findings.
17
[典型例句]
It
took
a
few
seconds
for
her
eyes
to
adjust
to
the
darkness.
花了几秒钟时间她的眼睛才适应了黑暗(的环境)。
The
gentleman
adjusted
his
tie
in
front
of
a
mirror.
这位绅士在镜子前调整了一下领带。
[思维拓展]
adjust
sth.to
sth.else调整……以适应……
adjust
to
(doing)
sth.适应于……(其中to为介词)
adjust
oneself
to使自己适应于……
adjustable
adj.可调整的，可调节的
adjustable
seat
belts可调节的座椅安全带
adjustment
n．调整，调节，适应
make
an
adjustment做出调整
[即时训练]
If
the
chair
is
too
high,
you
can
adjust
it
to
suit
you.
18
[典型例句]
How
did
Wilson
react
to
your
idea?
威尔逊对你的想法有什么反应？
Iron
reacts
with
water
and
air
to
produce
rust.
铁与水、空气起化学反应而生成锈。
Will
young
people
react
strongly
against
tax
increases?
年轻人会强烈反对增税吗？
[思维拓展]
reaction
n．[C，U]反应；[U]反动
react
to对……作出反应
react
with与……起化学反应
react
against反对；反抗
react
by以……方式作出反应
Local
residents
have
reacted
angrily
to
the
news.
当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。
He
reacted
strongly
against
the
artistic
conventions
of
his
time.
他强烈反对当时的艺术俗套。
[即时训练]
①When
the
sun
comes
out,
the
flowers
react
byopening
wide.
②He
didn't
react
to
this
provocation.
③The
boy
often
reacts
against
his
parents.
考点集训一
1．He
said
nothing,
merely(mere)
smiled
and
watched
her.
2．She
crouched
in
the
dark,
too
frightened
to
reveal
herself(she)．
3．She
looked
at
them
with
dark
staring(stare)eyes.
4．The
film
managed
to
distract
me
from
these
problems
for
a
while.
5．She
did
not
perceive
herself
as
disabled.
6．I
don't
know
why
you
bother
with
that
crowd.
7．You
don't
sound
too
bothered(bother)about
it.
8．Her
main
occupation(occupy)seems
to
be
shopping.
9．While
we
waited,
the
taxi's
meter
kept
ticking(tick)away.
10．I
have
a
tendency(tend)
to
talk
too
much
when
I'm
nervous.
1
[典型例句]
While
this
conversation
was
going
on,
I
was
listening
with
earnest
attention.
这场对话进行的时候，我聚精会神地听着。
[思维拓展]
go
on继续(做)；(时间)流逝，过去；(做完某事后)进而接着(做另一件事)；赶紧，来吧(用于劝说或鼓励别人)
go
over
复习
go
out出去；熄灭
go
against违背；违反
go
up上涨；上升
go
ahead
前进；干吧；说吧
go
without
没有……也可应付；将就
go
through经历；经受；完成；通过；检查；用完
[即时训练]
①Unemployment
is
likely
to
go
on
rising
this
year.
②Renewable
energy
will
become
progressively
more
important
as
time
goes
on.
2
[典型例句]
I
was
afraid
of
her,
but
at
the
same
time
I
really
liked
her.
我害怕她，但同时也确实喜欢她。
This
boy
is
lazy;
at
the
same
time
he
is
very
clever.
这孩子懒惰，不过很聪明。
[思维拓展]
in
time
及时；终于；迟早
in
time
(for/to
do)及时
on
time准时
in
no
time立刻；马上
at
no
time绝不
at
a
time一次
at
one
time曾经；一度
at
times有时
take
one's
time别着急；慢慢来
kill
time消磨时间
Can
I
borrow
two
books
at
a
time?
我可以一次借两本书吗？
We
were
just
in
time
for
the
bus.
我们刚好赶上那班公共汽车。
[即时训练]
①We
can't
hold
the
two
meetings
at
the
same
time;
we
must
stagger
them.
②Speak
one
at
a
time.Don't
make
such
a
row.
3
[典型例句]
I'm
not
used
to
the
way
you
speak
to
me.In
other
words,
I
don't
want
to
continue
our
conversation.
我不习惯你对我说话的方式。也就是说，我不想继续我们的谈话了。
[思维拓展]
beyond
words无法用言语形容
in
a/one
word总而言之
leave
word留言
eat
one's
words承认说错了话，收回前言
in
words用语言(来表达)
in
word在口头上
break
one's
word食言
have
a
word
with
sb.和某人谈谈
have
words
with
sb.和某人吵嘴
word
for
word逐词地；原原本本地
get
in
a
word插话
have
the
last
word作最后决定，有决定权
[即时训练]
We're
all
ready
to
put
it
into
operation；in
other
words，we're
going
to
take
action
as
soon
as
possible.
[典型例句]
One
of
Kenya's
leading
churchmen
has
called
on
the
government
to
resign.
肯尼亚一位高级宗教人士要求政府下台。
Sofia
was
intending
to
call
on
Miss
Kitts.
索菲娅打算去拜访基茨小姐。
[思维拓展]
call
up召唤；使回忆起；给……打电话
call
off取消
call
for
要求；需要；去接(某人)；去取(某物)
call
in
邀请；请来
call
at拜访(地点)
Do
you
think
we
should
call
at
Bob's
while
we
are
in
London?
你认为我们在伦敦时应该去鲍勃家拜访吗？
The
sound
of
happy
laughter
called
up
memory
of
his
childhood.
这欢笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。
[即时训练]
①I'm
going
to
call
on
one
of
my
former
classmates.
②Since
the
weather
is
bad,
let's
call
off
off
the
trip.
5
[典型例句]
She
suspected
that
secret
influences
were
at
work.
她怀疑有些秘密势力在作祟。
He
is
still
at
work
on
the
painting.
他仍在忙着画那幅画。
[思维拓展]
get
(down)
to/
set
to
work开始，着手工作
in
the
works
在讨论(或计划、筹备)中；在酝酿中
out
of
work失业
before/after
work上班前/下班后
[即时训练]
The
report
suggested
that
the
same
trend
was
at
work
in
politics.
考点集训二
1．Alliss
retired
from
golf
in
1969
and
went
on
to
become
a
successful
broadcaster.
2．The
mobile
library
services
have
been
reorganised—in
other
words,
they
visit
fewer
places.
3．At
one
time
the
schools
were
mainly
attached
to
the
church.
4．They
flew
there
in
order
that
they
might
be
in
time
to_attend(attend)the
opening
ceremony.
5．She
asked
him
to
call
at
Brown's
hotel
to
see
her
daughter.
[句式分析]
(1)本句是主从复合句，as
though
“好像”引导的是表语从句，从句用了陈述语气。
as
though/as
if
可引导方式状语从句和表语从句。as
if/as
though
引导的从句常有以下三种情况：
①若as
if/as
though
引导的从句中的内容是可能发生的或可能符合真实的情况，从句一般用陈述语气。
②若as
if/as
though
引导的从句中的内容为非真实情况，从句通常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式为：
③当从句主语同主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词是be时，从句主语和be可省略。
It
sounds
as
though
it
is
raining.
听起来似乎在下雨。(陈述语气)
He
treats
his
elder
sister
as
though
she
were
a
stranger.
他待他姐姐如陌生人。(虚拟语气)
You
look
as
though
you'd
seen
a
ghost.
你好像是见了鬼似的。(虚拟语气)
He
paused
as
though(he
was)expecting
me
to
speak.
他停了一下好像在等我说话。
(2)with
their
eyes
open是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语。with复合结构在句中可以作状语，表示原因、条件、伴随等。此外，该结构还可以作后置定语。
with复合结构的构成：
①with＋宾语＋介词短语
He
was
asleep
with
his
head
on
his
arms.
他头枕在胳膊上睡着了。
②with＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)
All
the
afternoon
he
worked
with
the
door
locked.
整个下午他都锁着门工作。
He
lay
in
bed
with
his
head
covered.
他盖着头躺在床上。
③with＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)
With
winter
coming
on,
it's
time
to
buy
warm
clothes.
冬天来了，是买暖和衣服的时候了。
④with＋宾语＋不定式(不定式作宾补有“将来”的含义)
I
can't
go
out
with
all
these
dishes
to
wash.
我不能丢下这些要洗的碟子就出去。
⑤with＋宾语＋形容词/副词
With
John
away,
we've
got
more
room.
约翰不在，我们有更多空间了。
[即时训练]
①It
seems
as
though/if
everyone
else
has
finished
their
homework.
②Don't
handle
the
vase
as
though
it
were(be)
made
of
steel.
③With
the
boy
leading
(lead)
the
way,
I
had
no
difficulty
finding
your
house.
④With
his
homework
finished(finish),
he
went
out
to
play
football.
⑤With
his
horse
tied
(tie)
to
a
tree,
he
had
a
rest
in
the
shade.
While
it
is
easy
to
perceive
when
students
are
interested，
bored，
or
distracted，
it
is
sometimes
much
harder
to
distinguish
when
students
are
troubled.
尽管学生们何时?对讲课?感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
[句式分析]
本句是主从复合句。句中连词while表示让步关系，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于
though、
although。
While
I
like
Ronald
personally，I
do
not
approve
of
what
he
has
done
this
time.
尽管我自己喜欢罗纳尔德，但我并不支持他这次所做的事。
while作连词时的用法：
①作从属连词，意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，从
句谓语为延续性动词；
②作从属连词，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，从句常
位于句首；
③作并列连词，意为“而，却”，常位于句首或句中，表示
前后两种情况的对比。
While
she
was
listening
to
the
radio,
she
fell
asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了。(时间状语从句)
While
I
agree
with
your
reasons,
I
can't
allow
it.
尽管我同意你的理由，但我不能允许这样做。(让步状语从句)
I
went
swimming
while
the
others
played
tennis.
我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了。(并列连词)
[即时训练]
①While
I
was
waiting
at
the
bus
stop,
three
buses
went
by
in
the
opposite
direction.
②You
can
go
swimming
while
I'm
having
lunch.
③While
I
admit
he
is
not
perfect，I
still
like
him.
Their
body
language
lets
me
know
when
to
adjust
class
activities，
when
to
intervene，
and
when
to
talk
to
students
individually，
so
they
can
all
get
the
most
out
of
school.
他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该介入，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。
[句式分析]
本句中包含“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构。该结构用法浅析：
①特殊疑问词常用的有：who，what,
which,
how,
when,
where
等。
②在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。注意：作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
③通常用在tell,
show,
understand,
explain,
teach,
learn,
discuss
等动词后作宾语。
④相当于一个名词性从句，所以常常可以用相应的从句来替换。
I
don't
know
how
to
explain
it
to
my
parents.
我不知道该如何向父母解释这件事。(作宾语)
When
to
start(＝When
we
shall
start)has
not
been
decided.
何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)
The
problem
is
where
to
put
this
computer.
问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。(作表语)
[即时训练]
I
don't
know
whether
to_accept(accept)
her
gift
or
not.
考点集训三
1．When
a
pencil
is
put
into
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
were(be)
broken.
2．While
Tom's
very
good
at
science,
his
brother
is
absolutely
hopeless.
3．While
I
am
willing
to
help,
I
do
not
have
much
time
available.
4．When
and
where
to_have(have)
the
meeting
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
5．I
have
worked
in
a
kindergarten
so
I
know
what
to_expect(expect)
in
the
job.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
clock
in
the
kitchen
had
a
noisy
tick(发出嘀嗒声)．
2．She
perceived(意识到)that
all
was
not
well.
3．Don't
speak
to
me
in
that
tone(口吻)of
voice.
4．Sorry
to
bother(打扰)you,
but
there's
a
call
for
you
on
line
two.
5．Officers
could
not
reveal(透露)how
he
died.
6．Trust
is
a
vital
component(组成部分)in
any
relationship.
7．He
sat
staring(凝视)into
space.
8．I'm
merely(仅仅)stating
what
everybody
knows
anyway.
9．The
President
intervened(干预)personally
in
the
crisis.
10.
“Is
something
wrong？”
he
enquired(询问)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In
the
silence
we
could
hear
the
clock
ticking(tick)．
2．They
agreed
to
go
merely(mere)
because
they
were
getting
paid
for
it.
3．Details
of
the
murder
were
revealed(reveal)by
the
local
paper.
4．They
were
widely
perceived
to_have(have)been
unlucky.
5．Don't
let
yourself
be_distracted(distract)by
fashionable
theories.
6．He
didn't
even
bother
to_let(let)me
know
he
was
coming.
7．Local
residents
have
reacted
angrily
to
the
news.
8．Adjust
your
language
to
the
age
of
your
audience.
9．Parents
are
naturally
anxious
for
their
children.
10．Only
half
her
time
is_occupied(occupy)with
politics.
PAGEBody
Language
Section
Ⅳ 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．interaction
n．交流；相互影响
interaction
between
sb./sth.＝interaction
with
sb./sth.与……的交流；与……相互影响
interact
vi.交流；相互影响
interact
with
sb.与某人交流；与某人沟通
interact
with
sth.与……相互影响
2．appropriate
adj.合适的；恰当的
be
appropriate
for/to对……合适
It
is
appropriate
for
sb.to
do
sth.适合某人做某事
It
is
appropriate(that)……是合适的
3．approve
vt.赞成；认可；批准vi.赞同
approve
of
sth.赞成；同意
approve
of
sb./sb.'s
doing
sth.赞成某人做某事
approval
n．[U]赞成；批准
4．demonstrate
vt.表达；表现；证实；说明
demonstrate
sth.表现……；表达……
demonstrate
sth.to
sb.向某人证明……；向某人表达……
demonstrate
sth.to
be...证明某事……
demonstrate
that...证明……
It
has
been
demonstrated
that
...已经证明……
demonstrate
against...示威反对……
demonstration
n.
集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明
5．witness
vt.当场看到，目击；见证 n．目击者，证人
be
(a)
witness
to
sth.目击某事
appear
as
(a)
witness
for
sb.出庭为某人作证
bear/give
witness
(to
sth.)(为……)作证
6．employ
vt.
雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
employ
sb.to
do...
雇用某人做……
employ
sb.as...
雇用某人为……；聘请某人担任……
be
employed
in
doing
sth.从事于；忙于做某事
employer
n．雇主
employee
n．雇工
7．interpret
vt.把……理解(解释)为 vt.&
vi.口译 vt.诠释；演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色)
interpret
...as...把……理解(解释)为
interpret
sth.for
sb.为某人口头翻译
interpret
...into...把……解释成……
interpretation
n．理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式
interpreter
n．口译工作者；口译译员
8．differ
vi.不同；相异
(1)different
adj.不同的；有差别的
be
different
from...in...在……方面与……不同
(2)difference
n．区别；差异
tell
the
difference
between
A
and
B
说出A与B的区别
make
a/no/some/...difference
(to)有/没有/有一些……关系/作用/影响
make
all
the
difference
关系重大；大不相同
9．favour(＝favor)
n.
喜爱，偏爱；恩惠，帮助；赞同，支持 vt.
较喜欢，选择；有助于，有利于；偏爱
in
favour
of...支持/赞成……，为有利于……
in
sb.'s
favour
对某人有利，有助于某人
do
sb.
a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.
帮某人的忙
ask
sb.
for
a
favour＝ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请求某人帮忙
favourable
adj.
赞同的，有利的
favoured
adj.
受到宠爱的，得到偏爱的
favourite
adj.特别喜欢的 n.
特别喜欢的人/事物
10．bow
vi
鞠躬，点头 vt.
低(头)，俯(首) vi.&
vt.
(使)弯曲 n.
[C]鞠躬；弓；蝴蝶结
bow
to/before
sb.
向某人鞠躬
bow
low
(to/before
sb.)
(向某人)深深地鞠一躬
bow
down
(to/before
sb.)
(向某人)鞠躬
11．reliable
adj.
可信赖的；可靠的
rely
on/upon＝depend
on/upon
依靠；信任；信赖
rely
on
it
that...相信……
12．trial
n．审判；审讯；试验
be
on
trial在受审；在试验中
stand
trial
for...因……而受审
make
a
trial进行试验
13．slightly
adv.
略微；轻微地
slight
adj.
轻微的；微小的
14．assess
vt.评估；评定
assess
sth.at＋钱 估算/评估某物为多少钱
assess
sth./sb.(as
sth./sb.)评定/评价(为……)
assess＋从句 评定/评估……
assessor
n．评审员/估价员
assessment
n．评价/评定
make
an
assessment
of评估/评价
15．pose
vt.造成(威胁、问题等) vi.摆好姿势 vi.佯装；冒充；假扮
pose
a
threat/challenge/danger/risk
构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险
pose
as
sb.冒充某人
pose
(for
sb./sth.)
(为画像、摄影)摆好姿势
strike
a
pose/an
attitude摆出某种姿态
16．reveal
vt.揭示；显示；露出
reveal
sth.to
sb.把某事透漏给某人
reveal
that...显示……
17．clarify
vt.澄清；阐明；净化vi.澄清；清楚；明白；易懂
clarify
one's
position/stand阐明某人的立场
clarify
matters澄清真相
clarification
n．澄清；阐明
18．tick
vt.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi.(钟表等)发出嘀嗒声
tick
sb./sth.off
给……画上钩；给……打对号
19．tendency
n．倾向；趋势；性情；偏好
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.有做某事的倾向
20．occupy
vt.占据；占用
occupation
n．占用；职业；消遣
occupied
adj.使用中；忙碌的
be
fully
occupied忙得不可开交
occupy
oneself
with
sth./in
doing
sth.忙于……
be
occupied
with
sth./in
doing
sth.忙于；全神贯注于；从事
21．stare
vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视
22．distract
vt.分散(注意力)；使分心
distract
sb./sth.
(from
sth.)使某人/某物从某事中分心；使某人/某物不能专心于某事
distraction
n．分散注意力的事；使人分心的事；娱乐；消遣
distracted
adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的
23．perceive
vt.察觉；看待；理解
24．distinguish
vi.&
vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
distinguish
oneself
使自己扬名
distinguish
between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
distinguish...by...以……为特征
distinguished
adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的
be
distinguished
for...因……而出名
be
distinguished
as...作为……而出名
distinguishable
adj.可区别的
tell
the
differences
between...把……与……区分开
tell...from...把……与……区分开
25．anxious
adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的
be
anxious
for/about(＝be
worried/concerned
about)为……担心/担忧
be
anxious
for(＝be
eager
for/be
keen
on)渴望……
be
anxious(for
sb.)to
do
sth.渴望(某人)做……
be
anxious
that...渴望……(从句谓语用should
do，should可以省略)
anxiously
adv.焦虑地；不安地
anxiety
n．担心；忧虑；渴望
with
anxiety焦虑地
anxiety
for对……的渴望
anxiety
about/over对……的忧虑
anxiety
to
do
sth.对做某事的渴望
26．embarrassed
adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
embarrassing
adj.令人难堪的
27．ashamed
adj.感到羞愧的，感到羞耻的
shame
n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
shameful
adj.可耻的，不体面的
shameless
adj.不知羞耻的
28．merely
adv.仅仅；只是；只不过
mere
adj.仅仅的
29．bother
vt.&
vi.打扰；费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便
bother
to
do
sth.费心去做某事
bother
about
sth.为某事烦恼
bother
sb.with
sth.为某事麻烦某人
be
sorry
to
bother
you,
but...很抱歉打扰你一下，但是……
put
sb.to
any
bother
给某人添乱
without
any
bother
毫不费力地
It
bothers
sb.that/to
do
sth.使某人苦恼的是……
30．weep
vi.&
vt.
哭泣；流泪 n.
哭；哭泣
weep
for/with
sth.因为某事而哭泣
weep
to
do
sth.因为做某事而怆然泪下
31．conflict
n．[U，C]矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触
conflict
over
sth.在某事上的矛盾/冲突
conflict
between
A
and
B
A与B之间的矛盾/冲突
in
conflict
(with...)(与……)处于矛盾之中
come
into
conflict
(with...)(与……)发生争执
32．adjust
vt.(使)适应；调整；校准
adjust
sth.to
sth.else调整……以适应……
adjust
to
(doing)
sth.适应于……(其中to为介词)
adjust
oneself
to使自己适应于……
adjustable
adj.可调整的，可调节的
adjustable
seat
belts可调节的座椅安全带
adjustment
n．调整，调节，适应
make
an
adjustment做出调整
33．react
vi.作出反应；回应
reaction
n．[C，U]反应；[U]反动
react
to对……作出反应
react
with与……起化学反应
react
against反对；反抗
react
by以……方式作出反应
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．vary
from...to...
由……到……不等，从……到……变化
vary
in
sth.在某方面不同/有差异
vary
with随……变化/改变
vary
between...and...从……到……不等
various
adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
varied
adj.各种各样的；变化的
variety
n．不同种类；多样化
a
variety
of＝varieties
of种种
2．figure
out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；计算(数量或成本)
figure
on计划；打算；预料到
it/that
figures有道理；合乎情理
watch
one's
figure注意保持体形
3．break
down
(机器)出故障，(车辆)抛锚，损坏；(身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败，破裂
4．in
favour
of
赞同；支持；赞成
be
in/out
of
favour
(with
sb.)
＝be
in/out
of
sb.'s
favour
得到/失去某人的尊重、赞同等
in
sb.'s
favour
对某人有利
do
sb.a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.帮某人忙
owe
sb.a
favour
欠某人一个人情
favourable
adj.喜爱的；赞同的
in
search
of
寻找
in
need
of
需要
in
place
of
代替
in
memory
of
为了纪念
in
case
of
万一
in
terms
of
就……而言；在……方面
in
possession
of
占有
in
charge
of
主管；负责
in
praise
of
赞扬；表扬
in
view
of
鉴于；考虑到
5．get
through
设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过
get
across
被理解；使人了解
get
down
to
认真地静下心(工作)(to
为介词)
get
over
克服
get
on
进展；进步
get
in
收获
get
around/round
到处走动；传播出去
go
through
检查；经历
pass
through
从……中穿过；走过……中
look
through
浏览；仔细查看
see
through
看穿；识破
live
through
活过(一段时间)；经过……后仍然活着
break
through
突破(障碍)
6．straighten
up直起来；整理；收拾整齐
straighten
out(使)变直；(使)变正；理清，整顿(混乱的局面)
straight
away立刻；马上
7．go
on
进行；发生
go
on继续(做)；(时间)流逝，过去；(做完某事后)进而接着(做另一件事)；赶紧，来吧(用于劝说或鼓励别人)
go
over
复习
go
out出去；熄灭
go
against违背；违反
go
up上涨；上升
go
ahead
前进；干吧；说吧
go
without
没有……也可应付；将就
go
through经历；经受；完成；通过；检查；用完
8．at
the
same
time同时；然而
in
time
及时；终于；迟早
in
time
(for/to
do)及时
on
time准时
in
no
time立刻；马上
at
no
time绝不
at
a
time一次
at
one
time曾经；一度
at
times有时
take
one's
time别着急；慢慢来
kill
time消磨时间
9．in
other
words换句话说，也就是说
beyond
words无法用言语形容
in
a/one
word总而言之
leave
word留言
eat
one's
words承认说错了话，收回前言
in
words用语言(来表达)
in
word在口头上
break
one's
word食言
have
a
word
with
sb.和某人谈谈
have
words
with
sb.和某人吵嘴
word
for
word逐词地；原原本本地
get
in
a
word插话
have
the
last
word作最后决定，有决定权
10．call
on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
call
up召唤；使回忆起；给……打电话
call
off取消
call
for
要求；需要；去接(某人)；去取(某物)
call
in
邀请；请来
call
at拜访(地点)
11．at
work有某种影响；在工作
get
(down)
to/
set
to
work开始，着手工作
in
the
works
在讨论(或计划、筹备)中；在酝酿中
out
of
work失业
before/after
work上班前/下班后
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．We
can
learn
a
lot
about
what
people
are
thinking
by_watching_their_body_language.
通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。
by
doing表示方式，意为“凭借；通过”。
2．In
countries
like
France
and
Russia,
people
may
kiss_their_friends_on_the_cheek
when
they
meet.
在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。
kiss
their
friends
on
the
cheek
属于“动词＋sb.＋in/on/by＋the＋身体部位”结构，该结构用来表示接触某人身体的某一部位。
3．Can
you
describe
a
situation
where
you
might
smile
when
you
don't
mean
it?
你能描述一个当你不是真心的时候你可能会微笑的情况吗？
当先行词为抽象地点名词case,
situation,
position,
atmosphere,
stage,
activity,
family和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in
which来引导定语从句。
4．It
is
as_though
they
are
asleep
with_their_eyes_open.
他们好像睁着眼在睡觉。
(1)本句是主从复合句，as
though
“好像”引导的是表语从句，从句用了陈述语气。
as
though/as
if
可引导方式状语从句和表语从句。as
if/as
though
引导的从句常有以下三种情况：
①若as
if/as
though
引导的从句中的内容是可能发生的或可能符合真实的情况，从句一般用陈述语气。
②若as
if/as
though
引导的从句中的内容为非真实情况，从句通常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式为：
③当从句主语同主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词是be时，从句主语和be可省略。
(2)with
their
eyes
open是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语。with复合结构在句中可以作状语，表示原因、条件、伴随等。此外，该结构可以作后置定语。
with复合结构的构成：
①with＋宾语＋介词短语
②with＋宾语＋过去分词
③with＋宾语＋现在分词
④with＋宾语＋不定式
⑤with＋宾语＋形容词/副词
5．While
it
is
easy
to
perceive
when
students
are
interested,
bored,
or
distracted，it
is
sometimes
much
harder
to
distinguish
when
students
are
troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
本句是主从复合句。句中连词while表示让步关系，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于
though、
although。
while作连词时的用法：
①作从属连词，意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为延续性动词；
②作从属连词，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，从句常位于句首；
③作并列连词，意为“而，却”，常位于句首或句中，表示前后两种情况的对比。
6．Their
body
language
lets
me
know
when_to_adjust_class_activities,_when_to_intervene,_and_when_to_talk_to_students_individually,_so
they
can
all
get
the
most
out
of
school.
他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该介入，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。
本句中包含“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构。该结构用法浅析：
①特殊疑问词常用的有：who，what,
which,
how,
when,
where
等。
②在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。注意：作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
③通常用在tell,
show,
understand,
explain,
teach,
learn,
discuss
等动词后作宾语。
④相当于一个名词性从句，所以常常可以用相应的从句来替换。
写作技巧点拨
说明文
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友罗伯特(Robert)准备来中国学习，因此想了解一些中国的肢体语言。请你用英语给他写封邮件，介绍一些日常的肢体语言。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．信的开头和落款已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
Dear
Robert，
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
一、构思谋篇
本题考查话题类作文。首先要认真审题，其次要确定时态，表示客观事实，所以这篇文章要使用一般现在时。在写作过程中，上下文意思要连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合题目所给出的信息，不要出现偏题问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有文采。正确使用写信的格式，词数控制在80左右。
二、关键词语
1．挥手
wave
hands
2．握手
shake
hands
3．迎客
greet
guests
4．拍手
clap
hands
5．鞠躬
bow
to
三、连词成句
1．我们通常和客人握手迎接他们。
We
usually
greet
our
guests
by
shaking
hands
with
them.
2．当你被介绍给一群中国人时，他们可能会拍手欢迎你。
When
you
are
introduced
to
a
Chinese
group,
they
may
greet
you
by
clapping
their
hands.
3．如果一个人做了很了不起的事情，人们会对他竖大拇指表扬他。
People
will
hold
their
thumbs
up
to
praise
a
person
if
he
does
something
great.
四、连句成篇
Dear_Robert，
In
China,
we
wave
our
hands
to
say
“hello”
or
“goodbye”．We
usually
greet
our
guests
by
shaking
hands
with
them.Some
people
may
nod
and
smile
instead
of
shaking
hands.When
you
are
introduced
to
a
Chinese
group,
they
may
greet
you
by
clapping
their
hands.
Like
in
many
other
countries,
we
nod
our
heads
to
say
“yes”
and
shake
our
heads
to
say
“no”．People
will
hold
their
thumbs
up
to
praise
a
person
if
he
does
something
great.Sometimes,
we
bow
to
show
great
respect
and
thanks
to
others.
I
hope
this
information
will
be
helpful
to
you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
本单元写作属于说明文。说明文是陈述客观事实，谓语动词通常用一般现在时态。写作时首先要抓住中心，分清主次；其次，列全要点，扩编句子；最后，布局谋篇，连段成文。写作过程中还应注意以下几点：
1．科学性。介绍事物或解说事理必须揭示其基本特征。做到概念准确，判断恰当，分类清楚。
2．客观性。写说明文时，要按照事物的本来面目如实地加以介绍、说明和解释，不能带有个人愿望或主观倾向。
3．知识性。说明文以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁的语言介绍事物或阐明事理，使人们获得关于某一事物的知识和道理。
4．解说性。说明文的目的就是在于把事物、现象或道理解释、介绍清楚，让读者明白。
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