Unit
2
Morals
and
Virtues
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
动词?ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
英语中分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋?ing”形式构成，在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。现在分词的基本形式如下：
现在分词一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
一、动词的?ing形式作宾语补足语
动词的?ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。现在分词作补语时常用于以下三种情况：
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen
to，look
at，notice，observe等。例如：
I
felt
the
house
shaking.
我觉得房子在晃。
I
found
a
beggar
standing
at
the
door.
我发现一个乞丐站在门口。
特别提示：在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的?ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的?ing形式时，表示动作正在进行，用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I
saw
him
run
across
the
road.
我看到他跑过了马路。(强调整个过程)
I
saw
him
running
across
the
road.
我看见他正跑过马路。(强调正在进行)
2．表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have，set，keep，leave，get等。
Don't
keep
the
water
running.
不要让水一直流。
The
joke
set
her
crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
3．用于with复合结构中。如：
I
couldn't
do
my
homework
with
the
noise
going
on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With
so
many
people
looking
at
her，she
felt
nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
二、现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作。通常可转化成与之相对应的状语从句。
1．作时间状语
Walking
in
the
park，she
saw
an
old
friend.
＝When/While
(she
was)
walking
in
the
park，she
saw
an
old
friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
Having
finished
the
work，he
went
to
see
his
teacher.
＝After
he
had
finished
the
work，he
went
to
see
his
teacher.
完成这次工作后，他去看望他的老师。
特别提示：当表达正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2．作原因状语
Being
ill，he
couldn't
go
to
school.
＝As
he
was
ill，he
couldn't
go
to
school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3．作条件状语
Working
hard，you'll
make
great
progress.
＝If
you
work
hard，you'll
make
great
progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得重大进步。
4．作结果状语
His
parents
died，leaving
him
an
orphan.
＝His
parents
died
and
left
him
an
orphan.
他的父母死了，他成了一个孤儿。
The
snow
lasted
a
week，resulting
in
a
serious
traffic
confusion
in
the
whole
area.
＝The
snow
lasted
a
week，and
resulted
in
a
serious
traffic
confusion
in
the
whole
area.
大雪持续了一周，结果造成了这一地区的严重的交通混乱。
5．作方式状语
He
came
running
back
to
tell
me
the
news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
6．作伴随状语
I
stood
by
the
door，not
daring
to
say
a
word.
＝I
stood
by
the
door，and
didn't
dare
to
say
a
word.
我站在门旁，一句话也不敢说。
She
walked
along
the
street，singing
softly
to
herself.
＝She
walked
along
the
street
and
sang
softly
to
herself.
她沿着街道一边走一边轻轻地唱。
7．作让步状语
Working
or
reading，she
always
did
her
best.
＝Whether
she
worked
or
read，she
always
did
her
best.
无论工作还是读书，她总是尽最大的努力。
Working
very
hard，he
didn't
feel
a
bit
tired.
＝Though
he
worked
hard，he
didn't
feel
a
bit
tired.
尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲惫。
三、注意事项
1．现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，则使用分词的独立主格结构，即在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。generally
speaking(一般而言)，judging
from/by(从……判断)，talking/speaking
of(谈到)等作状语时，分词的逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。如：
My
wife
had
a
long
talk
with
Sally，explaining
why
she
didn't
want
the
children
to
play
together.
我妻子与萨莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(explain与句子的主语my
wife之间是主谓关系)
The
train
having
gone，we
had
to
wait
another
day.
火车已经离开，我们只好再等一天。(having
gone的逻辑主语是the
train，不是句子的主语we，故用分词的独立主格结构the
train
having
gone)
Generally
speaking，girls
are
more
careful
than
boys.
通常来说，女孩子比男孩子更加细心。
2．现在分词作状语时，为明确状语的类型，有时可在分词前加上相应的从属连词(when，while，though，unless，as，if等)。“从属连词＋现在分词”可看作状语从句的省略形式。如：
While
(he
was)
waiting
for
the
bus，he
met
Mary.
等公共汽车时他遇到了玛丽。
3．现在分词作状语时用一般式还是用完成式，要看分词动作和谓语动作有没有明显的先后顺序。如：
Having
written
the
letter，John
went
to
the
post
office.
写完信之后，约翰去了邮局。(分词动作发生在谓语动作之前)
Seeing
the
moving
scene，they
felt
very
excited.
看到这感人的一幕，他们非常激动。(分词动作和谓语动作几乎同时发生)
4．现在分词的否定形式是“否定副词not/never＋现在分词”。如：
Not
knowing
how
to
find
the
subway，I
asked
a
policeman
for
help.
我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
Ⅰ.用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1．Yesterday，another
student
and
I，representing
(represent)
our
university's
student
association，went
to
the
Capital
International
Airport
to
meet
this
year's
international
students.
2．I
stood
for
a
minute
watching
(watch)
them
and
then
went
to
greet
them.
3．She
stepped
back
appearing
(appear)
surprised
and
put
up
her
hands，as
if
in
defence.
4．Then
Akira
Nagata
from
Japan
came
in
smiling
(smile)．
5．Just
at
that
moment，however，Akira
bowed
so
his
nose
touched
George's
moving
(move)
hand.
6．Not_knowing
(not
know)
anything
about
the
accident，he
went
to
work
as
usual.
7．The
old
man
sat
under
the
tree
listening
(listen)
to
the
radio.
8．Turning
(turn)
to
the
right，you
will
find
the
post
office
you're
looking
for.
9．Having_been_held
(hold)
back
by
the
traffic
jam，she
couldn't
get
there
on
time.
10．Having_been_taken
(take)
to
hospital
in
time，the
little
girl
infected
with
bird
flu
was
saved
at
last.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Approaching
(靠近)
the
city
center，I
saw
a
stone
statue
of
about
10
metres
in
height.(approach)
2．The
glass
fell
to
the
ground，breaking_into_pieces
(摔成碎片)．(break)
3．Hearing_the_news
(听到这个消息)，they
immediately
set
off
for
Shanghai.(hear)
4．Yesterday，our
manager，representing_our_company
(代表我们公司)，made
a
speech
at
the
meeting.(represent)
5．Driving_too_fast
(开得太快)，you
will
damage
your
car.(drive)
PAGEUnit
2
Morals
and
Virtues
Section
Ⅳ 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．precious
adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
2．majority
n．大部分；大多数
the
majority
大多数(其作主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)
the
majority
of＋n.[U]＋单数谓语
the
majority
of＋n.[pl.]＋复数谓语
be
in
the/a
majority占大多数
by/with
a
majority
of以大多数……(赢得……)
minority
n．少数民族；少数
a/the
minority
of少数
be
in
the/a
minority占少数
3．complain
vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚
complain
(to
sb.)
of/about
(doing)
sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚
complain
(to
sb.)
that...(向某人)抱怨……
complaint
n．抱怨；投诉；控告
make
a
complaint
about
sth.抱怨/投诉某事
make
a
complaint
to
sb.向某人抱怨/投诉
4．fee
n．专业服务费；报酬
5．respond
vt.回答；回复
vt.做出反应；回应
respond
to
sb./sth.(with/
by
sth.)(用……)回答某人/回复某事(比
answer,
reply
to正式)
respond
to
(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应
response
n．反应；回答；回复
response
to
sb./sth.
(对人/物)的回答/回复/反应
in
response
to作为对……的反应
6．hire
vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n．租借；租用
for/on
hire
出租
7．reject
vt.拒绝接受；不录用
rejection
n．拒绝接受；否决
8．appoint
vt.任命；委派
appoint
sb.(as/to
be)＋职位 某人担任……职位
appoint
sb.to
do
sth.委派某人做某事
appointment
n．任命；委派；约定
make/have
an
appointment
with
sb.与某人有约
keep/break
an
appointment守约/违约
appointed
adj.约定的；指定的
9．elect
vt.选举；推选
elect
to
do
sth.决定做某事
elect
sb.
as选举某人当……
election
n．选举；推选；当选
10．decade
n．十年；十年期
for/during/in/over
the
past/last
few
decades在过去的几十年里(常和现在完成时连用)
11．tend
vt.照顾；照料
vi.倾向；趋于
tend
to
do
sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend
to/towards
sth.趋向，倾向
tend
(to)
sb./sth.(＝look
after
sb./sth.)照顾/护理……
tendency
n．倾向，趋势
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.有做某事的倾向
12．staff
n．员工；全体职员；拐杖
13．retire
vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)
retire
from...从……退休(役)/退出
retire
(from...)(to...)退下；退出；离开(尤指到僻静处)
retired
adj.已退职的；已退休的
retirement
n．退休；退职
14．principle
n．道德原则；法则；原则
in
principle
原则上；理论上
on
principle
根据原则
15．scare
vt.惊吓；使害怕
vi.受惊吓
scare
sb.
to
death把某人吓得要死
scare
sb.
away/off把某人吓跑
scare
sb.
into/out
of(doing)
sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
It
scares
sb.
to
do
sth.使某人害怕去做某事
scared
adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be
scared
of
doing/to
do
sth.害怕做某事
be
scared
(that)．..害怕……
16．replace
vt.接替；取代；更换
replace...with/by...用……代替……
replace
sb.as...取代某人而成为……
replace
sb./sth.＝take
the
place
of
sb./sth.取代某人/某物
take
the
place
of
＝
take
one's
place接替
in
place
of＝in
one's
place代替
out
of
place不在合适的位置；不得体
17．whisper
vi.&
vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
in
a
whisper
(＝in
whispers)
低声地
whisper
about
sth.
密谈某事
whisper
sth.
to
sb.
小声对某人说某事
whisper
(to
sb.)
that...
小声(对某人)说……
It
is
whispered
that...有人私下说……
18．export
n．出口；出口商品
vt.出口；输出；传播
export
sth.
to...向……出口某物
import
vt.&vi.进口n.[U]进口；[C，常pl.]进口商品
19．bite
vi.&vt.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蛰
n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
20．assist
vt.帮助；援助
assist
sb.
with
sth.帮助某人做某事
assist
sb.
in
doing
sth./to
do
sth.帮助某人做某事
assistance
n．援助；帮助；补助
assistant
n．助手；助理
adj.辅助的；助理的
come
to
sb.'s
assistance帮助某人
with
the
assistance
of在……的帮助下
21．chain
n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
vt.用链条拴住
in
chains
被囚禁；戴着镣铐
a
chain
of
一系列的；一连串的
a
chain
of
supermarkets
(＝a
supermarket
chain)
连锁超市
chain
store(s)
连锁店
22．harm
n．&
vt.伤害；损害
do
sb.
harm/do
harm
to
sb.
对某人有害
do
more
harm
than
good
弊大于利
There
is
(no)
harm
in
(sb.'s)
doing
sth.
(某人)做某事有(无)害处
It
does
(no)
harm
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
(对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处
mean
no
harm
没有恶意
harmful
adj.有害的；伤害的
harmless
adj.无害的
be
harmful
to
对……有害
23．flexible
adj.灵活的；可变通的
24．therefore
adv.因此；所以
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．carry
sb.
through
sth.帮助某人渡过难关
carry
through实现；完成
carry
on
(doing
sth./with
sth.)继续(做某事)；坚持
carry
out贯彻；执行；履行
carry
out
a
plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示
carry
away运走，
使失去自制力
2．instead
of而不是；代替
3．in
need
of需要……
have
the
need
for
sth.需要某物
in
want
of
需要
satisfy/meet
a
need
满足要求
4．care
for照看；照料；喜欢
care
about关心；在乎
take
care小心；注意
take
care
of照顾；照料
5．be
responsible
for对……负责；作为原因，成为起因
responsibility
n．责任；负责
a
strong
sense
of
responsibility很强的责任感
6．treat...as...把……看作/当作……
其近义表达有：
treat
sb./yourself
(to
sth.)招待；款待
7．pass
away去世
pass...off
as...(把某人)改变或冒充成……
pass
by从旁边经过
pass
down(世代)相传
pass...on
to...把……传递给……
pass
through通过，穿过；经历，体验
8．in
memory
of作为对……的纪念
in＋n.＋of
短语：
in
praise
of
歌颂
in
honor
of
纪念；为向……表示敬意
in
favor
of
赞同 in
support
of
支持
in
charge
of
负责
in
search
of
寻找
in
possession
of
拥有
in
need/want
of需要
in
place
of
代替
in
hope
of
希望
9．in
tears流着泪；含着泪
in在结构中表示“处于……状态”的短语：
in
action在行动 in
advance
事先
in
anger
气愤地
in
common共有，共同
in
danger处于危险中
in
debt欠债
in
detail详细地
in
doubt怀疑
in
excitement兴奋地
in
amazement
惊讶地
in
general
大体上
in
operation
生效，运转着
in
place
在适当的位置
in
reality实际上
in
return
作为报答
in
secret秘密地
in
shape
处于良好状态
in
short
简言之
in
sight看得见
in
silence沉默地
in
vain
白白地
in
thought
思考
in
trouble有麻烦
in
turn依次
10．a
great
deal
(of)大量
表示“许多”的表达：
a
large
amount
of＋不可数名词
a
great/good
many＋可数名词
a
great/good
number
of＋可数名词
plenty
of＋可数/不可数名词
a
lot
of(＝lots
of)＋可数/不可数名词
11．belong
to属于
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．She
responded，“I'd
rather
stay
single
to
study
all
my
life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
这是一个主从复合句。主句是She
responded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。
2．She
immediately
became
the
first
woman
ever
to
be
hired
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB?GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，the
first
woman是表语，不定式to
be
hired作后置定语，修饰woman。
3．At
times
she
was
even
seen
riding
a
donkey
to
faraway
villages
to
provide
medical
care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
这是一个简单句。she是主语，was
seen是谓语，riding
a
donkey是动词?ing形式作主语补足语。
4．Though
Lin
Qiaozhi
never
married，she
was
known
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，having
delivered
over
50,000
babies
in
her
lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是she
was
known
as
the“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。having
delivered...是动词?ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。
5．After
Dr
Bethune's
death，Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，赞扬白求恩大夫是中国人民永远铭记的英雄。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，后面是in
which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an
article。
6．He
crashed
into
the
stone，spilling
the
milk
everywhere.
他撞在石头上，牛奶洒得到处都是。
这是一个简单句，spilling
the
milk
everywhere是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
7．After
a
while，a
group
of
women
came
along，each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
这是一个简单句。本句中each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head是一个由代词each和动作?ing形式短语组成的独立结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法现象被称作“独立主格结构”。
8．Neither
she
nor
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
她和她的朋友都没有想到把石头移开。
这是一个简单句。主语是Neither
she
nor
her
friends，谓语是thought
about，moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road是宾语。
9．She
had
been
working
all
day
and
was
very
tired.
她工作了一整天，非常累。
这是一个简单句。主语是She，and连接两个并列的谓语。
had
been
working用了过去完成进行时。
写作技巧点拨
——写作要求——
位于著名旅游区福建武夷山的福建旅馆想进行宣传，以吸引更多的游客来住宿，请你根据以下提示写一篇英语广告，帮助该旅馆进行宣传。
福建旅馆位于福建武夷山下，每天有多班公交车经过。该旅馆有六层，120间客房。客房每天24小时提供热水，有电视、空调、电话和电脑。单人房每晚120元，双人房每晚180元。如有需要，可随时拨打客服电话400?608?8880。
要求：1.行文须包括提示中的所有内容；
2．行文流畅，过渡自然；
3．词数：80左右。
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
——思路分析——
题目要求写一篇推荐旅馆的广告，那么我们可以从以下几点着手：
1．标题要明确、醒目。推荐标题：
Welcome
to
Fujian
Hotel！/Come
to
Fujian
Hotel!
2．对旅馆进行介绍，注意要突出它的优点，如交通便利、设施齐全。推荐句式：
Fujian
Hotel
is
located
at
the
foot
of
the
famous
Mount
Wuyi
in
Fujian
Province.
It's
convenient
for
you
to
get
to
the
famous
scenic
spots/tourist
attractions
from
here
because
there
are
many
buses
nearby.
Our
hotel
is
a
six?storey/six?floor
building
with
120
rooms.
Each
room
comes
with/is
equipped
with...
3．最后可以用有特点的短语作结束语。推荐句式：
Best
service.
Best
choice./What
are
you
waiting
for?
——佳作展示——
Welcome
to
Fujian
Hotel!
Fujian
Hotel
is
located
at
the
foot
of
the
famous
Mount
Wuyi
in
Fujian
Province.
Surrounded
by
beautiful
scenery,
it
is
a
good
place
for
you
to
have
a
rest.
Besides,
it's
convenient
for
you
to
get
to
the
famous
scenic
spots
from
here
because
there
are
many
buses
nearby.
Our
hotel
is
a
six?storey
building
with
120
rooms.
Each
room
comes
with:
24?hour
hot
water
every
day,
a
TV
set,
an
air
conditioner,
a
telephone
and
a
computer.
Our
customer
service
number
is
400?608?8880
which
you
can
call
at
any
time.
As
for
the
price,
a
single
room
costs
120
yuan
a
night,
and
a
double
room
is
180
yuan
a
night.
Best
service.
Best
choice.
All
the
staff
look
forward
to
your
visit!
【名师点评】 1.文章包含了写作要求中的所有要点。第一段介绍了旅馆名称、旅馆的外部情况(旅馆的位置以及周围的环境和交通状况)。第二段重点对旅馆的建筑情况、内部设施、服务情况以及价格等顾客比较关心的问题一一做了介绍。最后一段表示以最好的服务诚邀天下宾朋入住。文章结构清晰、完整，内容充实。
2．文章表达上不拘一格，运用了一些高级结构，如
surrounded
by
beautiful
scenery,
come
with
和Best
service.
Best
choice.等，增加了文章的可读性。
——技巧点拨——
广告的写作
广告是商品、器物、服务的宣传方式，旨在使消费者对某种商品、器物或服务产生兴趣，从而促使他们进行消费，因此，广告必须具有吸引力，要能引起广大消费者的兴趣。
一般说来，广告可分标题(the
headline)、文字说明或广告正文(the
body
text)、图像(the
illustration)和厂商名称(the
signature)四个部分。
广告标题，是广告中最为重要的部分之一。它起着激起读者的好奇心、吸引读者的注意力的作用。下面是标题的几种常见类型：
1．简明口语化标题：用简单明了、口语化、贴近生活的文字作标题
2．哲理、诗意型标题：用富含哲理、诗意的词语或语句，让人关注与思考
3．反差对比型标题：形式上对仗，前后语意上形成反差
4．名言俗语型标题
5．巧嵌品牌名型标题
广告的正文应按照不同的要求选择不同的文体。广告的文字应尽量做到：
1．既要新颖，又要口语化；
2．多用简洁、明了的语言；
3．多用较短的单词和句子；
4．用词要准确，不用模棱两可的词句；
5．主要宣传内容，如商品的名称、型号、特点等应在文中反复强调；
6．为了增大广告的吸引力，有时可用谐音词或押韵的词句来增强宣传效果。
PAGEUNIT
2 MORALS
AND
VIRTUES
I
have
a
dream
Martin
Luther
King
I
have
a
dream
that
one
day
this
nation
will
rise
up
and
live
out
the
true
meaning
of
its
creed—we
hold
these
truths
to
be
self?evident,
that
all
men
are
created
equal.
I
have
a
dream
that
one
day
on
the
red
hills
of
Georgia,
sons
of
former
slaves
and
sons
of
former
slave
owners
will
be
able
to
sit
down
together
at
the
table
of
brotherhood...
I
have
a
dream
my
four
little
children
will
one
day
live
in
a
nation
where
they
will
not
be
judged
by
the
color
of
their
skin
but
by
the
content
of
their
character...
When
we
allow
freedom
to
ring,
when
we
let
it
ring
from
every
village
and
every
hamlet,
from
every
state
and
every
city,
we
will
be
able
to
speed
up
that
day.When
all
of
God's
children—black
men
and
white
men,
Jews
and
Gentiles，Protestants
and
Catholics—will
be
able
to
join
hands
and
sing
in
the
words
of
the
old
Negro
spiritual,
“free
at
last,
free
at
last.
Thank
God
almighty,
we
are
free
at
last.”
开启快乐学习之旅
我有一个梦想
马丁·路德·金
我有一个梦想：有一天，这个国家将站起来，并实现它的信条的真正含义——我们将捍卫这些不言而喻的真理，即所有人生来平等。我有一个梦想：有一天在乔治亚州红色的山丘上，从前的奴隶的子孙们能和从前的奴隶主的子孙们像兄弟一样坐在同一张桌子旁……我有一个梦想：我的四个孩子有一天将生活在这样一个国度，在那里，人们不以肤色，而是以品格来评价他们……
当自由的钟声响起的时候，当我们让它从每一个村庄，每一个州，每一个城市响起的时候，我们将能够加速这一天的到来。那时，上帝所有的孩子——黑人和白人，犹太教徒和非犹太教徒，新教徒和天主教徒，将能携手同唱那古老的黑人圣歌：“终于自由了，终于自由了，感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了！”
模块核心素养导航
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．moral
adj.道德的；道义上的
n．品行；道德；寓意
2．virtue
n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
3．illustrate
vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图→illustration
n．图表，插图；图解；图示
4．precious
adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
5．marriage
n．结婚；婚姻
→
marry
v．结婚，娶，嫁→married
adj.已婚的
6．majority
n．大部分；大多数→major
adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修→minority
n．少数民族；少数
7．complain
vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint
n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉
8．fee
n．专业服务费；报酬
9．respond
vt.回答；回复
vi.做出反应；回应→response
n．反应；回答；回复
10．union
n．协会；联合会；工会
11．scholarship
n．奖学金
12．hire
vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n．租借；租用
13．physician
n．医师；(尤指)内科医生→physicist
n．物理学家→physical
adj.身体的；物理的→physics
n．物理学
14．colleague
n．同事；同僚
15．reject
vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection
n．拒绝接受；否决
16．appoint
vt.任命；委派→appointment
n．任命，委派
17．clinic
n．诊所；门诊部→clinical
adj.临床的；
临床诊断的
18．faraway
adj.遥远的
19．elect
vt.选举；推选→election
n．选举；推选；当选→elector
n．选举人
20．decade
n．十年；十年期
21．elsewhere
adv.在别处；去别处
22．tend
vt.照顾；照料
vi.倾向；趋于→tendency
n．趋势；倾向
23．publish
vt.发表(作品)；出版→publisher
n．出版人(或机构)
24．staff
n．员工；全体职员
25．retire
vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→retirement
n．退休→retired
adj.退休的
26．saving
n．节省物；节省；节约
[pl.]储蓄金；存款
27．kindergarten
n．学前班；幼儿园
28．principle
n．道德原则；法则；原则
29．passive
adj.被动的；顺从的
30．scare
vt.惊吓；使害怕
vi.使惊吓→scared
adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary
adj.引起恐慌的
31．sharp
adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharpen
v．使变锋利
32．insurance
n．保险；保险业
33．energetic
adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy
n．精力；力量；能源
34．replace
vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement
n．替换；更换；替代品；替换
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．carry
sb.
through
sth.帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend
to
do
sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．get
in
trouble陷入困境；遇到麻烦
4．not
only...
but
also...不仅……而且……
5．be
famous
for因……而闻名
6．be
affected
by被……影响/感动
7．instead
of代替；而不是
8．would
rather
do
sth.宁愿做某事
9．graduate
from从……毕业
10．because
of因为；由于
11．in
need
of需要
12．care
for照看；喜欢
13．be
responsible
for对……负责
14．treat...as...把……当作
15．be
known
as...作为……而闻名
16．of
one's
own属于某人自己的
17．be
ready
to
do乐意干某事
18．not...any
more不再……
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．She
responded，“I'd
rather
_stay
single
to
study
all
my
life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
2．She
immediately
became
the
first
woman
ever
to
be
hired
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB?GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
3．At
times
she
was
even
seen
riding
a
donkey
to
faraway
villages
to
provide
medical
care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
4．Though
Lin
Qiaozhi
never
married，she
was
known
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，having
delivered
over
50,000
babies
in
her
lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
1
precious
adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
[典型例句]
The
peacock
is
a
precious
bird
in
the
sub?tropical
zone.
孔雀是亚热带地区的珍禽。
Clean
water
is
precious
in
that
part
of
the
world.
在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的。
[即学即练]
What
is
precious
(preciously)
between
friends
is
belief
and
respect.
2
[典型例句]
The
majority
of
the
damage
is
easy
to
repair.
这次的损失大部分容易补救。
The
majority
of
people
believe
that
smoking
is
harmful
to
health.
大多数人认为吸烟有害健康。
[思维拓展]
the
majority
大多数(其作主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)
the
majority
of＋n.[U]＋单数谓语
the
majority
of＋n.[pl.]＋复数谓语
be
in
the/a
majority占大多数
by/with
a
majority
of以大多数……(赢得……)
minority
n．少数民族；少数
a/the
minority
of少数
be
in
the/a
minority占少数
[即学即练]
(1)The
_majority
were
present
at
the
meeting.
大多数人出席了会议。
(2)The
majority
of
people
seem
to
prefer
watching
games
to
playing
games.
大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。
(3)He
was
elected
by
a
majority
of
765.
他以765票的多数票当选。
3
[典型例句]
He
complained
bitterly
that
he
had
been
unfairly
treated.
他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平待遇。
I'm
going
to
complain
to
the
manager
about
this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
[思维拓展]
complain
(to
sb.)
of/about
(doing)
sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚
complain
(to
sb.)
that...(向某人)抱怨……
complaint
n．抱怨；投诉；控告
make
a
complaint
about
sth.抱怨/投诉某事
make
a
complaint
to
sb.向某人抱怨/投诉
[即学即练]
(1)He
did
nothing
but
complain
to
me
about
the
food
and
the
service
of
the
restaurant.
(2)Don't
complain
about
our
life.
We
should
be
thankful
for
what
we
have.
4
[典型例句]
Does
the
bank
charge
a
fee
for
setting
up
the
account?
在这家银行开账户要收费吗？
[易混辨析]
fare,
fee,
charge,
cost
fare
指交通费。
fee
指会费、学费、入场费、手续费等。
charge
指商品和服务所需要的要价、收费等。
cost
指成本、费用、代价等。
[即学即练]
His
parents
paid
high
tuition
fees
(fee)
for
his
college
life.
5
[典型例句]
I
invited
her
to
dinner
but
she
did
not
respond.
我邀请她吃晚饭，但她未回复。
How
did
she
respond
to
the
news?
她对那个消息有什么反应？
[思维拓展]
respond
to
sb./sth.(with/
by
sth.)
(用……)回答某人/回复某事(比
answer,
reply
to正式)
respond
to
(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应
response
n．反应；回答；回复
response
to
sb./sth.
(对人/物)的回答/回复/反应
in
response
to作为对……的反应
[易混辨析]
respond,
answer,
reply
respond
为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词。
answer
为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词。
reply
为不及物动词，与answer
用法基本相同，但稍正式一些。
I
asked
him
his
name,
but
he
didn't
respond.
我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。
He
answered
that
he
did
go
there
last
night.
他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。
It's
your
turn
now
to
reply
to
these
charges.
现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。
[即学即练]
(1)They
still
haven't
responded
_to
my
letter.
他们至今仍没有回我的信。
(2)He
responded
to
my
suggestion
with
a
laugh/by
laughing.
他对我的建议报以一笑。
(3)His
illness
didn't
respond
to
treatment
by
drugs.
他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
(4)My
mother
opened
the
door
in
response
to
the
knock,
but
there
was
no
one
outside.
听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。
6
[典型例句]
They
hired
a
big
hall.
他们租了一间大厅。
We
hired
a
driver
to
take
us
on
a
tour
of
the
city.
我们雇用了一个司机带我们游览这个城市。
We
have
to
pay
$300
for
the
hire
of
the
meeting
hall.
我们不得不为会议室的租用支付300美元。
[思维拓展]
for/on
hire
出租
Car
for
hire,
$10
an
hour.
汽车出租，每小时10美元。
[易混辨析]
employ,
hire,
rent
(1)employ
雇，雇人，指商店或公司长期雇用人。
(2)hire
租，雇，指按工作量或时间雇用人。
(3)rent
租，指长期租赁土地、房屋等，若暂时租借也可用
hire。
They
want
to
hire
a
hall
for
an
evening.
他们想租用礼堂一晚上。
They
can't
afford
to
buy
a
new
house,
so
they
have
to
rent
one.
他们买不起新房子，因此还得租房住。
[即学即练]
They
hired
(hire)
a
firm
of
consultants
to
design
the
new
system.
7
[典型例句]
The
Christian
Church
rejected
his
theory,
saying
it
was
against
God's
idea
and
people
who
supported
it
would
be
attacked.
基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的想法，谁支持这一理论就将受到攻击。
[思维拓展]
rejection
n．拒绝接受；否决
[图解助记]
[即学即练]
His
article
was
rejected
(reject)
by
the
editor.
8
[典型例句]
She's
been
appointed(as/to
be)sales
manager.
她被任命为销售部经理。
They
appointed
her
to
take
care
of
that
old
man.
他们派她去照顾那位老人。
[思维拓展]
appoint
sb.(as/to
be)＋职位 某人担任……职位
appoint
sb.to
do
sth.委派某人做某事
appointment
n．任命；委派；约定
make/have
an
appointment
with
sb.与某人有约
keep/break
an
appointment守约/违约
appointed
adj.约定的；指定的
[即学即练]
(1)Once
you
make
an
appointment
(appoint)
with
someone,
you
should
keep
it.
(2)She
was
waiting
at
my
apartment
at
the
appointed(appoint)
time
to
take
me
to
Disney
World.
9
[典型例句]
She
elected
an
art
course
because
she
was
interested
in
art.
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。
Like
men,
women
have
the
right
to
elect
and
to
be
elected.
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
[思维拓展]
elect
to
do
sth.决定做某事
elect
sb.
as选举某人当……
election
n．选举；推选；当选
We
wonder
who
will
win
the
next
election.
我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。
[即学即练]
Besides,
I
have
such
a
good
command
of
English
that
I
am_elected
(elect)
as
assistant
to
my
English
teacher.
10
[典型例句]
Many
great
events
happened
in
the
past
decade.
在过去的十年中发生了很多大事件。
[巧学妙记]
deca?(＝ten，十)＋de→十年；十年期
[思维拓展]
for/during/in/over
the
past/last
few
decades在过去的几十年里(常和现在完成时连用)
For
the
past
few
decades
computer
technology
has
come
a
long
way.
过去几十年里，计算机技术取得了长足的进步。
[即学即练]
In
the
past
decade,
he
has_planted(plant)hundreds
of
trees.
11
[典型例句]
I
tend
to
go
to
bed
late
and
get
up
early
in
summer.
夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。
She
spends
her
spare
time
tending
her
old
mother.
她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。
[思维拓展]
tend
to
do
sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend
to/towards
sth.趋向，倾向
tend
(to)
sb./sth.(＝look
after
sb./sth.)照顾/护理……
tendency
n．倾向，趋势
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.有做某事的倾向
[即学即练]
(1)The
sort
of
music
he
listens
to
varies,
but
tends
_towards
popular
music.
他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。
(2)She
tends
to
get
angry
when
people
oppose
to
her
plan.
别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。
(3)The
nurse
skillfully
tended
their
wounds.
那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。
12
[典型例句]
The
staff
are
not
happy
about
the
new
arrangement.
员工们不喜欢新的安排。
The
old
man
can
walk
only
with
the
help
of
a
staff.
这个老人只有借助拐杖才能走路。
[思维拓展]
staff作“全体员工”讲，单复数同形；作主语时，若被看作整体，其谓语动词用单数；若被看作个体，谓语动词用复数。如：
The
staff
in
this
school
is
high
in
quality.
这所学校的员工素质很高。
The
staff
in
this
shop
are
helpful.
这家店里的员工是乐于助人的。
[即学即练]
The
staff
in
this
company
are
(be)
busy
working
at
present.
13
retire
vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)
[典型例句]
Most
people
retire
at
60.
大多数人在60岁时退休。
She
was
forced
to
retire
early
from
teaching
because
of
ill
health.
由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。
After
lunch,
he
retired
to
his
study.
午饭后他去了书房。
[思维拓展]
retire
from...从……退休(役)/退出
retire
(from...)(to...)退下；退出；离开(尤指到僻静处)
retired
adj.已退职的；已退休的
retirement
n．退休；退职
[即学即练]
(1)After
he
retired
(retire)
from
office,
Tom
took
up
painting
for
a
while,
but
soon
lost
interest.
(2)When
the
world?famous
tennis
player
announced
her
retirement
(retire),
she
couldn't
help
crying.
14
[典型例句]
Schools
try
to
teach
children
a
set
of
principles.
学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。
They
agreed
to
the
plan
only
in
principle.
他们只是原则上同意那个计划。
[思维拓展]
in
principle
原则上；理论上
on
principle
根据原则
[即学即练]
Despite
the
variety
of
injuries,
several
principles
(principle)
of
first
aid
can
apply
to
all
emergencies.
15
[典型例句]
The
terrible
sounds
scared
the
children.
可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。
He
doesn't
scare
easily.
他不轻易害怕。
[思维拓展]
scare
sb.
to
death把某人吓得要死
scare
sb.
away/off把某人吓跑
scare
sb.
into/out
of
(doing)
sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
It
scares
sb.
to
do
sth.使某人害怕去做某事
scared
adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be
scared
of
doing/to
do
sth.害怕做某事
be
scared
(that)．..害怕……
[即学即练]
(1)The
scarecrow
in
the
field
is
used
to
scare
the
birds
away.
田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。
(2)They
scared
the
little
boy
into
stealing
foods
in
the
supermarket.
他们威胁这个小男孩到超市里去偷食物。
(3)The
little
girl
is
scared
of
going
out
alone.
这个小女孩害怕一个人外出。
(4)I'm
scared
I'm
going
to
fall.
我害怕自己快掉下去了。
16
[典型例句]
He
has
replaced
Mr
Brown
as
president.
他取代布朗先生当了董事长。
He
will
replace
the
broken
window
with
a
new
one.
他要用新窗户更换破了的窗户。
[思维拓展]
replace...with/by...用……代替……
replace
sb.as...取代某人而成为……
replace
sb./sth.＝take
the
place
of
sb./sth.取代某人/某物
take
the
place
of
＝
take
one's
place接替
in
place
of＝in
one's
place代替
out
of
place不在合适的位置；不得体
[即学即练]
一句多译
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
(1)Our
monitor
will
take_the_place_of/replace_our_head_teacher
to
attend
the
meeting.(take
the
place
of/replace)
(2)Our
monitor
will
attend
the
meeting
in_place_of_our_head_teacher.(in
place
of)
(3)Our
monitor
will
take_our_head_teacher's_place
to
attend
the
meeting.(take
one's
place)
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．The
majority
(major)
of
them
take
an
online
language
test
before
starting
their
programme.
2．Some
minority
(minor)
languages
are
losing
their
identities
because
of
the
invasion
of
more
popular
spoken
ones.
3．The
police
received
several
complaints
(complain)
about
the
noise
from
our
party.
4．Knowing
basic
first?aid
techniques
will
help
you
respond
quickly
to
emergencies.
5．We
regret
to
inform
you
that
your
application
has
been
rejected
(reject)．
6．I
was
appointed
to_take
(take)
charge
of
arranging
all
the
activities
on
that
day.
7．About
three
decades
(decade)
ago，China
was
known
as
the
“Bicycle
Kingdom”．
8．The
older
women
tend
to_believe
(believe)
in
strangers
easily.
9．Nowadays
there
is
a
growing
tendency
(tend)
for
people
to
shop
on
Internet.
10．As
a
retired
(retire)
ear
doctor，I
heartily
recommend
TV
Ears
to
people
with
normal
hearing
as
well
as
those
with
hearing
loss.
11．We
were
scared
(scare)
to
death
when
the
fire
broke
out.Fortunately，it
was
put
out
before
it
caused
much
damage.
1
[典型例句]
Her
confidence
carried
her
through.
她的信心使她渡过了难关。
[思维拓展]
carry
through实现；完成
carry
on
(doing
sth./with
sth.)继续(做某事)；坚持
carry
out贯彻；执行；履行
carry
out
a
plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示
carry
away运走，使失去自制力
[即学即练]
(1)He
was
the
only
person
who
could
carry
the
country
through.
他是唯一能使国家安然渡过困境之人。
(2)It's
a
difficult
job
but
she's
the
person
to
carry
it
through.
这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。
(3)It
is
difficult
to
carry
on
a
conversation
with
a
great
noise
around
us.
在周围很吵闹的环境下进行谈话是很困难的。
(4)Once
a
decision
is
reached,
it
must
be
firmly
carried
out.
决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。
(5)He
has
failed
to
carry
out
his
promise.
他没有履行诺言。
2
[典型例句]
Now
I
can
walk
to
work
instead
of
going
by
car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
If
you
cannot
go,
he'll
go
instead
of
you.
如果你不能去，他将替你去。
[易混辨析]
instead，instead
of
(1)instead
为副词，意为“(不是……)而是/反而……”，可单独使用，置于句首或句末；
instead
of
意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。
(2)instead
of
指用A而不用B，除“代替”之意外，还有对B否定的意味，所以有时译成“不”；
in
place
of
一般指以A代B。
Instead
of
going
to
the
cinema,
he
went
shopping.
他没有去看电影，而是去买东西了。
She
never
studies.
Instead,
she
plays
all
day.
她从来不学习。相反，她成天玩。
Plastics
are
now
often
used
in
place
of
wood
or
metal.
现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。
[即学即练]
I'll
attend
the
meeting
instead
of
him.
3
[典型例句]
I
felt
lonely
and
was
in
need
of
someone
for
companionship.
我觉得孤独，需要有人做伴。
[思维拓展]
have
the
need
for
sth.需要某物
in
want
of
需要
satisfy/meet
a
need
满足要求
The
project
has
the
need
for
money.
这个工程需要钱。
But
I'm
sorry
we're
not
able
to
meet
your
need
this
time.
但是很遗憾，这次我们不能满足您的需要。
[即学即练]
The
minister
said
that
their
church
was
badly
in
need
of
repairs.
4
[典型例句]
She
moved
back
home
to
care
for
her
elderly
parents.
她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。
I
don't
care
for
her
at
all.
我一点也不喜欢她。
[思维拓展]
care
about关心；在乎
take
care小心；注意
take
care
of照顾；照料
[即学即练]
He
cares
for
playing
chess.
5
[典型例句]
Mike
is
responsible
for
designing
the
entire
project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
Cigarette
smoking
is
responsible
for
about
90%
of
deaths
from
lung
cancer.
因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。
[思维拓展]
responsibility
n．责任；负责
a
strong
sense
of
responsibility很强的责任感
[即学即练]
Who
is
responsible
for
the
traffic
accident
that
happened
yesterday?
6
treat...as...把……看作/当作……
[典型例句]
I
decided
to
treat
his
words
as
a
joke.
我决定把他的话当作玩笑话。
They
treated
me
as
one
of
the
family.
他们把我当作家人。
[思维拓展]
其近义表达有：
treat
sb./yourself
(to
sth.)招待；款待
[即学即练]
He
treated
me
as
a
hero.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．They
decided
to
carry
on
in
spite
of
the
weather.
2．Don't
blame
me.I'm
only
carrying
out
my
orders.
3．He
worried
that
instead
of
making
money，he
would
end
up
owing
it.
4．My
dear
father，you
brought
me
into
this
world，cared
for
me
and
loved
me.
5．You
shouldn't
care
too
much
about
your
test
score.
6．Human
activity
is
not
responsible
for
all
water
shortages.
7．He
treated
me
as
his
best
friend
and
often
treated
me
to
dinner.
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She
responded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。
(2)would
rather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是……为好”。would
rather＋从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来，意为“宁愿某人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。
John
wants
to
see
me
today.But
I
would
rather
he
came
tomorrow.
约翰今天想来看我。但我宁愿他明天来。
[即学即练]
I'd
rather
he
left
(leave)
me
alone.
2
She
immediately
became
the
first
woman
ever
to
be
hired
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB?GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，the
first
woman是表语，不定式to
be
hired作后置定语，修饰woman。
(2)不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
④被修饰词前有the
only，the
very，the
next等词对其进行修饰时；
⑤表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)；
⑥there
be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。
The
next
train
to
arrive
is
from
Beijing.
下一趟到达的火车来自北京。
Get
him
something
to
eat.
给他拿点东西吃。
I
have
no
courage
to
try
again
after
failure.
失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。
She
is
the
only
woman
to
have
been
elected
to
such
a
post.
她是唯一一位当选这个职位的女性。
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
没什么可担心的。
[即学即练]
He
was
the
first
farmer
to_grow
(grow)
vegetables.
3
At
times
she
was
even
seen
riding
a
donkey
to
faraway
villages
to
provide
medical
care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。she是主语，was
seen是谓语，riding
a
donkey是动词?ing形式作主语补足语。
(2)“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构：
常见的感官动词有
listen,
watch,
look,
observe,
see,
hear,
feel
等。“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式：
He
was
seen
to
work
in
the
garden
yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在花园里干活了。
I
heard
someone
opening
the
cabinet.
我听见有人在开柜子。
She
is
watching
the
computer
being
repaired.
她在看别人修电脑。
We
felt
the
ground
under
our
feet
cave
in.
我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。
[即学即练]
I
was
about
to
leave
when
I
saw
him
running
(run)
towards
me
with
a
bag
in
his
hand.
4
Though
Lin
Qiaozhi
never
married，she
was
known
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，having
delivered
over
50，000
babies
in
her
lifetime.,虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是she
was
known
as
the“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。having
delivered...是动词?ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。
(2)动词?ing
形式的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，常用作状语，一般不能作后置定语，但可作非限制性的后置定语。
This
question,
having
been
discussed
for
more
than
2
years,
has
now
been
solved.
讨论了两年多的这个问题现在已经解决了。(定语)
I
was
unable
to
accept
your
invitation,
having
promised
to
accompany
my
mother
to
the
concert.
我因已答应陪我母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。(原因状语)
Having
finished
the
letter,
he
folded
it
and
put
it
into
the
envelope.
写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。(时间状语)
[即学即练]
Having_seen
(see)
the
film
twice，I
decided
to
stay
at
home.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．It's
getting
late.I'd
rather
that
you
left
(leave)
now.
2．He
was
the
first
scientist
to_put
(put)
forward
this
theory.
3．I
looked
up
and
noticed
a
snake
winding
(wind)
its
way
up
the
tree
to
catch
its
breakfast.
4．Having_answered
(answer)
the
teacher's
questions，she
sat
down
and
felt
much
more
relaxed.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
people
are
sure
to
believe
in
you
if
you
govern
our
country
by
morals
(道德)
and
laws.
2．What's
more,
thankfulness
is
also
our
traditional
Chinese
virtue
(美德)．
3．To
illustrate
(说明)
the
use
of
this
method,
we
now
provide
an
example
of
the
use
of
this
method.
4．Therefore,
we
can
come
to
the
conclusion
that
nothing
is
so
precious
(宝贵的)
as
peace
in
the
world.
5．We
are
planning
to
hold
a
party
for
our
grandparents
to
celebrate
their
fiftieth
anniversary
of
marriage
(结婚)．
6．The
majority
(大多数)
of
people
take
in
too
much
fat
and
not
enough
fiber,
which
does
great
harm
to
their
health.
7．Some
of
the
senior
students
complained
(抱怨)that
they
had
no
time
to
read
because
they
had
too
much
homework
to
do.
8．They
are
likely
to
respond
(回应)
positively
to
the
President's
request
for
aid.
9．The
school
isn't
the
most
modern,
but
it
offers
scholarships
(奖学金)
to
poor
students
who
wish
to
study
but
can't
pay.
10．In
addition
to
the
school,
the
village
has
a
clinic
(诊所),
which
was
also
built
with
government
support.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．But
even
though
some
British
people
are
quite
strange,
the
majority
of
them
are
(be)
really
friendly
and
I've
made
some
good
friends.
2．I'm
now
writing
to
complain
about
the
service
of
your
hotel.
3．Teamwork
teaches
us
to
be
patient
and
how
to
respond
to
different
people.
4．Getting
the
most
votes,
Jack
was
appointed
as
monitor.
5．People
under
stress
tend
to_develop
(develop)
their
full
range
of
potential.
6．The
most
successful
retired
(retire)
athletes
are
those
who
can
apply
the
life
skills
they
learned
in
sports
to
another
area
of
life.
7．The
thief
was
scared
to
death
when
hearing
the
gunshot.
8．I
wish
that
sports
day
could
be
abandoned
and
replaced
with
some
other
less?competitive
events.
9．It
has
been
my
duty
to
help
my
mom
take
care
of
my
little
brothers
and
sisters.
10．I'd
rather
you
came
(come)
tomorrow
than
today.
PAGEUnit
2
Morals
and
Virtues
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．accident
n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental
adj.意外的；
偶然的
2．operation
n．手术；企业；经营→operate
v．操作；动手术→operator
n．操作人员；
接线员
3．whisper
vi.&
vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
4．midnight
n．子夜；午夜
5．import
n．进口；进口商品
vt.进口；输入；引进
6．export
n．出口；出口商品
vt.出口；输出；传播
7．pole
n．(行星的)极；地极
8．lap
n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
9．bite
vt.&vi.咬；叮；蛰
n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤→bit
(过去式)→bitten
(过去分词)
10．lip
n．嘴唇
11．assist
vt.帮助；援助→assistance
n．帮助，援助→assistant
n．助手；助理
12．chairman主席；主持人；董事长
13．memory
n．记忆力；回忆→memorize
v．记忆；
记住
14．chain
n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
15．café
n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
16．waitress
n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者→waiter
n．(餐馆等的)
服务员，侍者
17．pregnant
adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
18．disguise
vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖
n．伪装；化妆用具
19．maple
n．枫树；槭树
20．cart
n．手推车；运货马车
21．spill
vt.&vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出
22．limp
vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
23．tear
n．眼泪；泪水
24．harm
n．&
vt.伤害；损害→harmful
adj.有害的→harmless
adj.无害的
25．despair
n．绝望；vi.绝望；感到无望
26．might
n．力量；威力
27．fable
n．寓言；寓言故事
28．court
n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
29．flexible
adj.灵活的；可变通的
30．income
n．收入；收益
31．per
prep.每；每一
32．therefore
adv.因此；所以
33．tension
n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．first
aid急救
2．pass
away去世
3．in
memory
of作为对……的纪念
4．trip
over被……绊倒
5．in
tears流着泪；含着泪
6．in
despair处于绝望中
7．a
great
deal
(of)大量
8．at
midnight在午夜
9．neither...nor...既不……也不……
10．make
an
attempt
to
do试图/企图做……
11．succeed
in
doing成功做了……
12．belong
to属于
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．After
Dr
Bethune's
death，Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，赞扬白求恩大夫是中国人民永远铭记的英雄。
2．He
crashed
into
the
stone，spilling
the
milk
everywhere.
他撞在石头上，牛奶洒得到处都是。
3．After
a
while，a
group
of
women
came
along，each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
4．Neither
she
nor
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
她和她的朋友都没有想到把石头移开。
5．She
had
been
working
all
day
and
was
very
tired.
她工作了一整天，非常累。
1
whisper
vi.&
vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n.耳语?声?；低语?声?；传言；谣传
[典型例句]
What
are
you
whispering
about?
你们在小声说什么？
She
whispered
the
secret
in
his
ear.
她在他耳边小声说秘密。
He
whispered
to
me
that
he
was
afraid.
他低声对我说他害怕。
She
said
it
in
a
whisper，so
I
didn't
hear.
她是悄声说的，所以我没有听见。
[思维拓展]
in
a
whisper
(＝in
whispers)
低声地
whisper
about
sth.
密谈某事
whisper
sth.
to
sb.
小声对某人说某事
whisper
(to
sb.)
that...
小声(对某人)说……
It
is
whispered
that...
有人私下说……
注意：whisper后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词to，即whisper
sth.
to
sb.＝whisper
to
sb.
sth.。类似结构还有：
announce
sth.
to
sb.同某人宣布
explain
sth.
to
sb.向某人解释
introduce
sth.
to
sb.向某人介绍
suggest
sth.
to
sb.向某人提议
report
sth.
to
sb.向某人报告
[即学即练]
(1)They
debated
it
in
whispers.
他们低声辩论。
(2)The
two
girls
were
whispering
in
the
library.
这两个女孩在图书馆里低声说话。
(3)After
a
few
minutes,
he
whispered
the
answer
in
the
creature's
ear.
过了几分钟，他小声在这个动物的耳旁说出答案。
(4)It
was
whispered
that
he
was
heavily
in
debt.
据说他负债累累。
2
[典型例句]
The
islands
export
sugar
and
fruit.
这些岛屿出口糖和水果。
What
are
the
chief
exports
of
your
country?
你们国家有哪些主要的出口商品？
[巧学妙记]
ex?(out，向外)＋port(＝carry，搬；运)→向外搬运东西→出口；输出
[思维拓展]
export
sth.
to...向……出口某物
Many
raw
materials
are
exported
to
foreign
countries.
许多原材料出口到国外。
import
vt.&vi.进口n.[U]进口；[C，常pl.]进口商品
[即学即练]
They
exported
their
fruit
to
us.
3
bite
vi.&vt.?bit，bitten?咬；叮；蛰
n.咬；?咬下的?一口；咬伤
[典型例句]
My
sister's
dog
bit
me
on
the
leg
yesterday.
我妹妹的狗昨天咬了我的腿。
The
icy
wind
bit
our
faces.
寒风刺痛我们的脸。
[即学即练]
He
had
bitten
(bite)
the
cigarette
in
two.
4
[典型例句]
You'll
find
your
colleagues
very
eager
to
assist
you,
so
you
may
be
able
to
concentrate
on
photography
later
if
you're
interested.
你将发现你的同事们会很热情地帮助你，因此如果你对摄影感兴趣，也许以后你可以集中精力去钻研它。
We'll
do
all
we
can
to
assist
the
people
who
lost
home
in
the
flood.
我们将尽力帮助在洪灾中失去家园的人们。
[思维拓展]
assist
sb.
with
sth.帮助某人做某事
assist
sb.
in
doing
sth./to
do
sth.帮助某人做某事
assistance
n．援助；帮助；补助
assistant
n．助手；助理
adj.辅助的；助理的
come
to
sb.'s
assistance帮助某人
with
the
assistance
of在……的帮助下
Do
you
often
assist
your
mother
with
the
housework?
＝Do
you
often
assist
your
mother
in
doing
the
housework?
你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗？
China's
fuel
assistance
to
Japan
was
in
response
to
requests
by
the
Japanese
government.
中国对日本的燃料援助是应日本政府的请求进行的。
[即学即练]
(1)The
students
assisted
the
professor
in
doing
the
experiment.
学生们协助教授做实验。
(2)We
all
assisted
in
mending
the
roof.
我们都帮助修理屋顶。
(3)We
asked
him
to
assist
us
in
designing
a
new
bridge.
我们请他帮助我们设计一座新桥。
(4)He
can
walk
only
with
the
assistance
of
crutches.
他只能靠一副拐杖走路。
(5)Despite
his
cries,
no
one
came
to
his
assistance.
尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。
5
chain
n.一连串?人或事?；链子；链条
vt.用链条拴住
[典型例句]
The
traffic
accident
led
to
a
chain
of
events.
交通事故引起了一连串的事件。
[思维拓展]
in
chains
被囚禁；戴着镣铐
a
chain
of
一系列的；一连串的
a
chain
of
supermarkets
(＝a
supermarket
chain)
连锁超市
chain
store(s)
连锁店
[即学即练]
Having
been
bitten
twice,
the
postman
refused
to
deliver
our
letters
unless
we
chained
(chain)
our
dog.
6
[典型例句]
He
meant
no
harm
to
anyone.
他对别人并无恶意。
Some
rubbish
in
the
water
can
harm
the
fishes.
水中的一些垃圾会危及鱼类。
[思维拓展]
do
sb.
harm/do
harm
to
sb.
对某人有害
do
more
harm
than
good
弊大于利
There
is
(no)
harm
in
(sb.'s)
doing
sth.
(某人)做某事有(无)害处
It
does
(no)
harm
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
(对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处
mean
no
harm
没有恶意
harmful
adj.有害的；伤害的
harmless
adj.无害的
be
harmful
to
对……有害
[即学即练]
(1)Fruit
juice
can
be
harmful
to
children's
teeth.
果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
(2)What
he
did
harmed
his
reputation.
他所做的损害了他的名声。
(3)He
may
look
fierce,
but
he
means
no
harm.
他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。
(4)The
court
case
will
do
serious
harm
to
my
business.
这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
7
[典型例句]
We
need
a
foreign
policy
that
is
more
flexible.
我们需要一个更为灵活的外交政策。
They
have
solved
the
problem
in
a
more
flexible
way.
他们用一个更灵活的方式解决了这个问题。
[即学即练]
As
it
is
summer
holiday，we
need
to
adopt
a
flexible
(flexibly)
timetable
for
school
activities.
8
[典型例句]
Their
car
was
bigger
and
therefore
more
comfortable.
他们的车比较大，所以更舒适些。
[易混辨析]
therefore，thus，so
therefore
副词，用于说明事情的自然结果，常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
thus
副词，是正式用语，表示前面提到的事情所产生的结果，还可以表示“以此方式；这样”。
so
连词，表示强烈的因果关系。
Only
thus
can
they
finish
the
task.
只有这样他们才能完成任务。
I
was
ill
so
I
couldn't
come
to
her
party.
我病了，所以没能来参加她的聚会。
[即学即练]
We
don't
have
enough
money.We,
therefore,_can't
afford
to
buy
the
car.
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．They
were
talking
in
a
whisper.
2．American
pop
music
has
been
exported
(export)
around
the
world.
3．Close
the
window
and
keep
the
mosquitoes(蚊子)
out
of
the
room
or
you
will
get
bitten
(bite)．
4．A
team
of
nurses
assisted
the
doctor
in
performing
me
operation.
5．If
Mr
Dewey
had
been
present,
he
would
have
offered
any
possible
assistance
(assist)
to
the
people
there.
6．The
assistant
(assist)
impressed
on/upon
me
the
importance
of
immediate
action.
7．This
produced
a
chain
reaction,
which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.
8．As
far
as
I
know,
more
and
more
people
have
realized
smoking
does
great
harm
to
health.
9．He
may
say
no,
but
there
is
no
harm
in
asking.
10．She
was
very
tired.Therefore,_she
didn't
give
the
market
report.
1
[典型例句]
It's
been
over
a
year
since
my
grandfather
passed
away.
我祖父去世已经一年多了。
[思维拓展]
pass...off
as...(把某人)改变或冒充成……
pass
by从旁边经过
pass
down(世代)相传
pass...on
to...把……传递给……
pass
through通过，穿过；经历，体验
[即学即练]
(1)But
often
they
just
pass
by,_taking
the
human
traffic
signal
for
granted.
(2)Pass
the
book
on
to
me
when
you've
finished
it.
(3)I
was
sorry
to
learn
that
his
mother
had
passed
away.
(4)She
passed
through
a
difficult
period
after
her
marriage
failed.
2
[典型例句]
He
wrote
a
long
moving
poem
in
memory
of
his
wife.
他写了一首感人的长诗来纪念他的妻子。
He
founded
the
charity
in
memory
of
his
late
wife.
他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。
注意：in
memory
of
也可表达为
to
the
memory
of
或
in
sb.'s
memory，意思不变。
She
set
up
a
charitable
fund
in
her
father's
memory.
她设立了一项慈善基金以纪念她的父亲。
[思维拓展]
in＋n.＋of
短语：
in
praise
of
歌颂
in
honor
of纪念；为向……表示敬意
in
favor
of
赞同 in
support
of
支持
in
charge
of
负责
in
search
of
寻找
in
possession
of拥有
in
need/want
of需要
in
place
of
代替
in
hope
of
希望
[即学即练]
用
in＋n.＋of
短语填空
(1)This
is
a
book
in_praise_of
the
construction
workers.
(2)We
are
all
in_favor_of
your
plan.
(3)They
started
off
at
once
in_search_of
the
missing
girl.
(4)A
great
banquet
was
held
in_honor_of
our
distinguished
guests.
(5)We
use
chopsticks
in_place_of
knives
and
forks.
(6)A
medical
team
rushed
to
the
scene
of
the
disaster
where
hospitals
were
in_need/want_of
doctors
and
nurses.
(7)Two
minutes
of
silence
were
observed
in_memory_of
those
who
died
in
the
war.
(8)Shang
Zhi
is
the
chief
commander
who
was
in_charge_of
the
launch
of
Shenzhou
VI.
3
[典型例句]
The
little
girl
was
in
tears
because
she'd
lost
her
mother.
小女孩因失去了母亲而哭了。
The
last
act
was
so
touching;
the
whole
audience
was
in
tears.
最后一幕太感人了，所有的观众都哭了。
[思维拓展]
in在结构中表示“处于……状态”的短语：
in
action在行动 in
advance
事先
in
anger
气愤地
in
common共有，共同
in
danger处于危险中
in
debt欠债
in
detail详细地
in
doubt怀疑
in
excitement兴奋地
in
amazement
惊讶地
in
general
大体上
in
operation
生效，运转着
in
place
在适当的位置
in
reality实际上
in
return
作为报答
in
secret秘密地
in
shape
处于良好状态
in
short
简言之
in
sight看得见
in
silence沉默地
in
vain
白白地
in
thought
思考
in
trouble有麻烦
in
turn依次
[即学即练]
I
heard
that
a
burglar
broke
into
my
room
last
night
in
amazement.
I
couldn't
believe
my
ears.
4
[典型例句]
He
likes
to
swim
a
great/good
deal.
他非常喜欢游泳。
She
spent
a
great/good
deal
of
money
on
clothes.
她在衣服上花了不少钱。
A
great/good
deal
has
been
said
about
it.
关于这一点已经说了很多了。
注意：(1)作状语，修饰动词或者形容词/副词的比较级。
(2)作主语或宾语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(3)和of连用修饰不可数名词。
[思维拓展]
表示“许多”的表达：
a
large
amount
of＋不可数名词
a
great/good
many＋可数名词
a
great/good
number
of＋可数名词
plenty
of＋可数/不可数名词
a
lot
of(＝lots
of)＋可数/不可数名词
[即学即练]
(1)He
knew
a
great
deal
more
than
I
did.
他懂的比我多得多。
(2)He
is
a
great
deal
more
experienced
in
it
than
I.
这方面他比我的经验多得多。
(3)A
great
deal
of
their
work
is
unpaid.
他们很多工作都是没有报酬的。
5
[典型例句]
Do
you
belong
to
the
tennis
club?
你是网球俱乐部的吗？
注意：belong
to
为固定搭配，意为“属于”，belong
意为“应在(某处)；应处于”，后面的介词根据情况选择。belong
无被动语态，也不可用于进行时。
[即学即练]
The
bike
belonging
(belong)
to
him
was
bought
by
his
father.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．I
regret
not
spending
more
time
with
my
grandma
before
she
passed
away.
2．When
passing
by
the
classroom,
I
saw
him
doing
his
homework.
3．The
museum
was
built
in
memory
of
the
great
writer—Lu
Xun.
4．“You
have
a
wonderful
daughter，”
she
said,
apparently
in
tears.
5．The
shop
ordered
a
great
deal
of
goods
to
meet
the
requirements
of
consumers.
6．Some
of
the
stamps
belong
to
me，while
the
rest
are
his
and
hers.
1
After
Dr
Bethune's
death，Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，赞扬白求恩大夫是中国人民永远铭记的英雄。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，后面是in
which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an
article。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，现将其用法归纳如下：
The
papers
(which)
he
was
searching
for
have
been
recovered.
他刚才在寻找的那些文件已经找回来了。
The
holiday
villa
had
a
large
window
on
every
side
from
which(＝where)
one
could
enjoy
the
lakeside
scenery，as
enchanting
as
fairyland.
度假别墅轩窗四周，满目湖光山色，真如仙境。
The
farm
on
which
we
worked
ten
years
ago
isn't
what
it
used
to
be.
十年前我们工作过的那个农场已不是过去的样子了。(on
the
farm在农场里)
The
bridge
on
which
they
were
standing
collapsed.
他们站在上面的那座桥倒塌了。(stand
on
the
bridge站在桥上)
He
was
educated
at
the
local
high
school，after
which
he
went
to
Peking
University.
在当地高中接受完教育后，他去了北京大学。(根据句子的具体含义)
Ten
years
of
hard
work
changed
her
greatly，for
which
reason
he
could
hardly
recognize
her
at
first
sight.
十年的辛劳使她变化很大，他一眼很难认出她来。(which作定语)
注意：(1)指抽象或隐含关系时，介词要置于关系代词之前。
The
decision
was
made
at
the
meeting
during
which
I
kept
falling
asleep.
这项决定是在我瞌睡不断的那次会议上做出的。(during不能后置)
(2)某些两个词或三个词构成的固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词置于关系代词前。
This
is
the
girl
whom
he
will
take
care
of.
这就是他将照顾的女孩。(of不宜前置)
[即学即练]
(1)He
is
kind
to
Bill，with
whom
he
plays
chess.
(2)Is
this
the
car
for
which
you
paid
a
high
price?
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，spilling
the
milk
everywhere是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
(2)现在分词短语作状语时表示自然而然的结果。如：
He
died，leaving
nothing
but
debts.
他死了，除了债务什么也没留下。
[思维拓展]
不定式作结果状语时常表出乎意料的结果，且其前可加only表示强调。如：
We
hurried
to
say
bye
to
him，only
to
find
that
he
had
left.
我们匆忙去和他道别，结果发现他已经离开了。
[即学即练]
He
failed
the
exam，making
(make)
his
father
unhappy.
3
After
a
while，a
group
of
women
came
along，each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。本句中each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head是一个由代词each和动词?ing形式短语组成的独立结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法现象被称作“独立主格结构”。
(2)独立主格结构的用法：
Time
permitting，we
will
go
for
an
outing
tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天外出游玩。(Time和permit是逻辑上的主谓关系)
Many
funny
stories
included
in
the
book，it
is
very
popular
with
children.
这本书中有许多好笑的故事，深受孩子们的喜爱。(stories和included是逻辑上的动宾关系)
The
exam
to
be
held
tomorrow，I
can't
go
to
the
cinema
tonight.
明天将举行考试，今晚我不能去看电影了。(The
exam和hold是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示将要发生的动作)
So
many
windows
to
clean，I
had
to
devote
the
whole
morning.
因为有许多窗户要擦，我只好用了整个上午。(windows是clean这一动作的承受者，但句子主语I为clean这一动作的执行者，所以这里用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义)
She
looked
at
him，her
eyes
full
of
excitement
and
curiosity.
她看着他，目光里充满了兴奋和好奇。
She
came
up，her
hair
a
mess.
她走了过来，头发蓬乱不堪。
注意：在独立主格结构中用动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词的意义是不同的。动词不定式往往表示动作没有发生或即将发生，现在分词表示动作正在进行或现在的状态，过去分词往往表示动作已经完成。独立主格结构有时可以和with复合结构互换。
With
autumn
coming，the
tree
leaves
turn
yellow
and
some
birds
fly
to
the
south.＝Autumn
coming，the
tree
leaves
turn
yellow
and
some
birds
fly
to
the
south.
秋天来了，树叶变黄了，一些鸟儿飞到了南方。
[即学即练]
(1)Tom
looked
at
Jenny，tears
filling
(fill)
his
eyes，and
shouted
out
the
words
hidden
(hide)
in
his
heart
for
years.
(2)His
attention
concentrated
(concentrate)
on
what
he
was
doing，he
didn't
notice
that
his
bike
had
been
stolen.
(3)A
lot
of
work
to_do
(do)，he
had
no
time
to
talk
with
us.
4
Neither
she
nor
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
她和她的朋友都没有想到把石头移开。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是Neither
she
nor
her
friends，谓语是thought
about，moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road是宾语。
(2)neither...nor...
“既不……也不……”，为并列连词词组，可以连接两个相同的句子成分(如两个主语、宾语、表语、谓语、状语)，连接并列主语时，谓语动词和靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
I
have
neither
time
nor
money.
我没有时间，也没有钱。(连接两个宾语)
He
could
neither
read
nor
write.
他既不会读也不会写。(连接两个谓语)
Neither
you
nor
he
is
right.
你和他都不对。(连接两个主语)
[思维拓展]
either...or...,
not
only...but
also...,
not...but...等并列连词词组与neither...nor...一样，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
[即学即练]
Neither
he
nor
I
am
(be)
to
blame
for
the
broken
bike.
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，and连接两个并列的谓语。had
been
working用了过去完成进行时。
(2)过去完成进行时的用法说明：
They
had
been
building
the
road
by
the
end
of
last
month.
到上个月月末为止他们一直在修这条路。
They
had
built
the
road
by
the
end
of
last
month.
上个月月末他们已修好了这条路。
[即学即练]
He
had_been_living
(live)
in
an
old
house
before
he
bought
a
new
flat
in
the
town.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．Nelson
Mandela
devoted
his
life
to
fighting
for
a
free
society
in
which
all
people
live
together
in
harmony.
2．The
bus
was
trapped
in
the
snowstorm，causing
(cause)
the
delay.
3．More
time
given
(give)，we
should
have
done
it
much
better.
4．According
to
my
research，neither
your
restaurant
nor
mine
offers
a
balanced
diet.
5．The
Smiths
had_been_living
(live)
in
the
countryside
before
they
moved
to
New
York.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Compared
with
those
who
stand
by,
I
am
proud
of
what
I
have
done
for
the
injured
lady
in
the
accident
(事故)．
2．The
doctor
will
set
out
to
perform
the
operation
(手术),
so
please
keep
calm.
3．The
baby
is
sleeping,
so
they
fall
their
voice
to
a
whisper
(低语)．
4．It
was
not
until
midnight
(午夜)
that
they
reached
the
camp
site.
5．India
export
(出口)
tea
and
cotton
to
many
different
countries.
6．Any
dog
bite
(咬伤),
no
matter
how
small,
needs
immediate
medical
attention.
7．I
am
willing
to
assist
(帮助)
you
whenever
there
is
an
opportunity.
8．The
chairman
(主席)
declared
the
meeting
open
at
8：00
this
morning.
9．We
tend
to
have
a
better
memory
(记忆力)
for
things
that
excite
our
senses
or
appeal
to
our
emotions
than
for
straight
facts.
10．When
I
saw
the
bowl
of
olives
the
waitress
(女服务员)
brought，I
knew
I
wasn't
in
Cleveland
anymore.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It
is_whispered
(whisper)
that
the
firm
is
likely
to
go
bankrupt.
2．Every
year
in
this
country
more
than
50,000
children
are
bitten
(bite)
by
dogs.
3．She
assisted
him
in
his
experiments.
4．There
is
convincing
evidence
that
listening
to
loud
music
can
do
great
harm
to
our
hearing.
5．We
have
a
growing
population
and
therefore
we
need
more
food.
6．But
for
most
people
reading
(read)
a
newspaper
has
become
a
habit
passed
down
from
generation
to
generation.
7．The
statue
was
built
in
memory
of
the
famous
scientist.
8．We,
also
in
tears
(tear),
looked
at
him
as
he
proudly
showed
his
certificate
(证书)．
9．A
great
deal
of
attention
has_been_paid
(pay)
to
protecting
the
environment
since
then.
10．Winter
coming
(come)，it
gets
colder
and
colder.
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