Unit
3
Diverse
Cultures
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
省略
为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、简单句的省略
1．祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you。
Open
the
window.
请(你)打开窗户。
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
(Is
there)Anything
else?
(还有)其他东西吗？
3．疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。
—Are
you
a
student?
——你是一名学生吗？
—Yes，I
am(a
student)．
——是的，我是(一名学生)。
4．感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。
What
a
beautiful
girl(she
is)!
(她是)多么漂亮的女孩呀！
二、比较结构的省略
在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
The
sooner(you
do
it)，the
better(it
will
be)．
(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。
He
is
cleverer
than
any
other
boy
(is)．
他比其他男孩聪明。
三、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
My
father
is
a
lawyer
and
my
mother
(is)
a
teacher.
我爸爸是律师，我妈妈是教师。
She
came
into
the
room
and
(she)
turned
on
the
computer.
她进了房间，打开了电脑。
The
news
made
me
angry，but
(the
news
made)
John
happy.
这条消息使我生气，但却让约翰高兴。
四、主从复合句中的省略
1．宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。
I
know(that)she
is
a
teacher
and
that
she
is
an
excellent
writer.
我知道她是一名教师，也是一位优秀的作家。
2．表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
If
so(＝If
it
is
so)，you
must
go
back
and
get
it.
如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。
Look
out
for
cars
when
crossing
the
street
(＝when
you
are
crossing
the
street)．
穿过街道时要当心车辆。
3．定语从句中的省略。若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。
The
car(which/that)his
father
gave
him
as
a
birthday
present
was
stolen.
他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。
五、不定式的省略
1．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。
The
book
is
intended
to
be
read
and
not
(to)
be
torn.
这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。
The
purpose
of
new
technologies
is
to
make
life
easier,
not
to
make
it
more
difficult.
新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。
2．某些使役动词如make，let，have等，和感官动词如see,
watch，notice，observe等，后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
My
mother
wouldn't
let
me
go
to
see
the
film.
我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。
He
was
noticed
to
leave
the
office.
有人注意到他离开了办公室。
3．不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do
so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。
—Would
you
like
to
study
English
with
me?
——你愿意和我一起学英语吗？
—Yes.
I'd
like
to
(study
English
with
you)．
——是的，我愿意(和你一起学英语)。
She
has
succeeded
in
the
final
examination，but
in
fact,
she
ought
to
have(succeeded
in
the
final
examination)．
她在期末考试中取得了成功，而实际上，她本就该获得成功。
4．介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All
he
could
do
was
nothing
but
wait
and
see.
他所能做的只有等着看看(情况)。
六、虚拟语气中的省略
1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前，构成部分倒装。
Had
you
come
here
yesterday，you
would
have
met
her.
＝If
you
had
come
here
yesterday，you
would
have
met
her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2．动词advise，suggest(建议)，propose，demand，insist(坚持要求)，require，command，recommend，order等后的宾语从句及It
is...that...主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。
We
insisted
that
they
(should)
go
with
us.
我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。
It
is
necessary
that
we
(should)
learn
more
words
by
heart.
我们有必要多记一些单词。
It
is
suggested
that
we
(should)
go
to
see
the
film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
七、介词的省略
1．在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词：spend
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.;
have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.；prevent/stop
sb.(from)doing
sth.。
She
spends
half
an
hour
(in)
doing
some
reading
every
day.
她每天花半小时读书。
I
have
some
trouble
(in)
learning
English.
我学英语有困难。
What
prevented
him
(from)
going?
什么事阻止了他去？
2．表示时间的介词at，on和in用在next，last，this,
each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
We
have
a
final
exam
(in)
every
term.
每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。
八、使用so，not等的省略
英语中，可以使用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can
I
put
my
bike
here?
——我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？
—You'd
better
not.
——你最好不要。
—Do
you
think
our
team
will
win?
——你认为我们队会赢吗？
—I
think
so.
——我认为会。
用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空
1．—Is
it
going
to
rain
tomorrow?
—I'm
afraid
so/not.
2．Don't
plant
potatoes
till
I
tell
you
to.
3．—I
hear
that
Bai
Shan
can't
afford
his
schooling
this
fall.
—If
so,_let's
do
something
for
him.
4．—Have
you
fed
the
dog?
—No,
but
I'm
just
going
to.
5．—I'm
afraid
the
date
for
the
interview
doesn't
suit
me.
—If
not,_we
can
make
it
another
day.
6．—My
spoken
English
is
poor,
what
shall
I
do?
—Join(join)
an
English
language
club
to
practice,
and
you'll
be
good
at
it.
7．—Would
you
like
to
join
us
in
going
to
Hong
Kong's
Disneyland
this
Sunday?
—I'd
love
to,_but
I
have
to
prepare
for
my
examination
on
Monday.
8．—Are
you
a
doctor?
—No,
but
I
want
to_be.
PAGEUnit
3
Diverse
Cultures
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．Atlantic
adj.
大西洋的
2．financial
adj.
财政的；财务的；金融的→finance
n.
资金；
财政；
金融
3．poetry
n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→poem
n．诗；诗歌→poet
n．诗人
4．jeans
n．牛仔裤
5．boot
n.
靴子
6．mushroom
n.
蘑菇；蕈
7．poison
n.
毒物；毒药；毒素
vt.
毒死；毒害→poisonous
adj.
引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
8．fold
vt.
包；裹；折叠
vt.&
vi.
(可)折小；(可)叠平→unfold
v．展开
9．super
adv.
特别；格外
adj.
顶好的；超级的
10．collection
n.
作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect
v.
收集；
采集
11．percentage
n.
百分率；百分比
12．climate
n.
气候
13．mild
adj.
温和的；和善的；轻微的→mildly
adv.轻微地；温和地
14．settle
vt.&vi.
定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→settlement
n．和解；协议；安顿；定居点→settler
n．移民；殖民者
15．construction
n.
建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→construct
vt.建造；建设→constructive
adj.建设性的
16．material
n．材料；布料；素材
adj.物质的；实际的
17．clothing
n．衣服；服装
18．suit
vt.
适合；满足……需要；相配；合身
n．西服；套装→suitable
adj.合适的；适当的
19．item
n.
项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
20．contain
vt.包含；含有；容纳→container
n．容器
21．neat
adj.
极好的；整洁的；整齐的→neatly
adv.
整洁地；干净地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．to
name
but
a
few仅举几例
2．(at)
first
hand第一手；亲自
3．depend
on依靠；依赖；取决于；视……而定
4．turn
into(使)变成；(使)成为
5．such
as诸如；例如
6．varieties
of各种各样的
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．What
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants
then
turned
into
a
centre
for
Chinese
culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
2．Visitors
can
also
spend
hours
just
exploring
the
interesting
sights，smells，and
sounds
of
China.
游客还可以花几个小时探索中国有趣的景色、气味和声音。
3．It
has
a
long
and
famous
history，with
the
author
Robert
Louis
Stevenson
having
spent
much
time
writing
there.
它有着悠久而著名的历史，作家罗伯特·路易·史蒂文森曾在那里花费许多时间写作。
4．All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，where
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea.
也有各种各样的传统中草药，还有中国茶馆，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶。
1
[典型例句]
Some
mushrooms
contain
a
deadly
poison.
有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。
Some
people
say
that
selfishness
is
a
poison
in
our
society.
一些人说自私是我们社会的一害。
They
have
threatened
to
poison
the
city's
drinking
water.
他们威胁说要在这座城市的饮用水中下毒。
Do
you
believe
that
television
is
poisoning
the
minds
of
our
children?
你认为电视在毒害我们的孩子的思想吗？
[思维拓展]
poisonous
adj.
引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
[即学即练]
Seeing
the
poisonous
(poison)
gas
escaping
from
the
broken
pipe,
he
sounded
the
alarm.
2
[典型例句]
The
first
person
in
each
group
writes
a
sentence
and
folds
the
paper
over
his/her
writing,
so
the
next
person
cannot
see
it.
每组第一个人写一个句子，然后将他/她写的句子折叠起来，这样下一个人便看不见所写内容。
In
the
army
camp
the
quilts
are
usually
folded
in
this
manner.
在军营中被子通常是这样折叠的。
She
folded
the
letter
in
half
and
put
it
into
her
pocket.
她把信对折起来放进了口袋。
He
stood
by
the
window,
folding
his
arms
and
looking
into
the
distance.
他站在窗子旁边，交叉着双臂，眼睛望着远处。
[思维拓展]
unfold
vt.展开；打开
[即学即练]
Body
language
can
give
away
a
lot
about
your
mood,
so
standing
with
your
arms
folded
(fold)
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
3
[典型例句]
At
the
moment，about
80
percent
of
web
traffic
is
in
English，but
this
percentage
is
going
down.
目前，大约80%的网络信息是用英语传输的，但是这个百分比在不断下降。
注意：(1)percentage
前不与数字连用，如：不直接说“five
percentage”，而改为“five
percent”或“a
percentage
of
five”。
(2)percentage
被放在
the
之后时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The
percentage
of
women
drivers
is
small.
女司机的比例很小。
(3)当被放在a后时，谓语动词单复数要与
a
percentage
of
后接的名词的单复数保持一致。
A
small
percentage
of
the
workers
are
from
countryside.
少数工人来自农村。
A
large
percentage
of
the
crop
has
spoiled.
大部分庄稼被毁。
(4)a...percentage
of
之间可用
good/large/high/small
修饰。
A
large
percentage
of
school?books
now
have
pictures.
现在大部分教科书有插图。
[即学即练]
There's
a
higher
percentage
of
girl
students
in
this
class.
4
[典型例句]
Small
businesses
are
finding
it
hard
to
survive
in
the
present
economic
climate.
小企业发现在当前的经济形势下很难生存。
[易混辨析]
climate,
weather
climate
指“气候”，涉及范围大，持续时间较长，是一个地区气候的总情况，可用不定冠词修饰：a
cold
climate
寒冷的气候。
weather
指“天气”，涉及范围较小，持续时间较短，不可用不定冠词修饰。
How's
the
climate
in
your
hometown?
你家乡的气候如何？
What's
the
weather
like
today?
今天天气怎么样？
[即学即练]
用climate/weather的适当形式填空
(1)We
shall
go
out
for
a
picnic
tomorrow
if
the
weather
is
fine.
(2)A
drier
climate
would
be
good
for
your
health.
(3)I
couldn't
imagine
what
it
would
be
like
to
live
in
a
hot
climate.
(4)The
climate
of
our
country
is
mild,
but
individual
places
experience
bad
weather.
5
[典型例句]
It
is
safe
to
take
mild
medicine.
服用药性温和的药没有危险。
The
weather
is
mild
today，and
it
is
neither
hot
nor
cold.
今天天气很温和，不冷也不热。
[思维拓展]
mildly
adv.轻微地；温和地
[即学即练]
Mrs
Lee
is
a
mild
(mildly)
lady
so
the
students
like
to
talk
with
her.
6
[典型例句]
She
settled
in
Vienna
after
her
father's
death.
父亲死后，她就在维也纳定居了。
Dust
had
settled
on
everything.
到处都落满了灰尘。
It's
time
you
settled
your
differences
with
your
father.
现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了。
[思维拓展]
settle
down(使)平静下来；(使)稳定；定居
settle
down
to
(doing)
sth.专心于(做)某事；着手(做)某事
settle
in/into...迁入(新居)；习惯于……
settlement
n．安顿；定居点；解决；协议
settler
n．移民；殖民者
settled
adj.习惯的；固定的
[即学即练]
(1)It's
high
time
that
he
settled
down
in
the
country
and
started
a
new
life.
(2)They
settled
in
at
a
comfortable
East
Side
cafe
and
within
minutes,
another
customer
was
approaching
their
table.
(3)Then,
in
1565,
a
Spanish
conqueror
established
a
settlement
(settle)
there,
and
named
it
St.
Augustine.
(4)Let's
settle
down
to
our
studies.
It's
a
waste
of
time
surfing
the
Internet
all
day.
[典型例句]
Look
at
these
simple
verbs
and
make
another
construction
using
make＋a＋noun.
看这些简单的动词并用“make＋a＋noun”构成另一个结构。
The
governments
in
cities
with
large
numbers
of
low?income
families
should
speed
up
the
construction
of
low?rent
housing.
有大量低收入家庭的城市的政府部门应该加快廉租房的建设。
[思维拓展]
be
under
construction正在建设中
construct
vt.建设；修建
be
constructed
of/out
of/from
sth.由……建成
The
shelter
was
constructed
out
of
fallen
branches.
这个窝棚是用落下的枯树枝搭成的。
[即学即练]
A
new
main
road,
through
which
our
village
will
be
connected
to
the
city,
is
under
construction
now.
[典型例句]
This
business
suit
is
on
hire.
这套公务装是供租用的。
Any
time
will
suit
me.
什么时候我都行。
[思维拓展]
suit
sb./sth.
适合某人或某物
be
suited
to/for适合于……
a
swimming
suit一件泳衣
suitable
adj.适当的；相配的；恰当的
be
suitable
for...适合于……
be
suitable
to
do
sth.适合做某事
[即学即练]
Some
experts
are
skeptical
about
3D
food
printers,
believing
they
are
better
suited/suitable
(suit)
for
fast
food
restaurants
than
homes
and
high?end
restaurants.
9
[典型例句]
This
book
contains
all
the
information
you
need.
这本书包含了你所需的一切资料。
The
jar
contains
ten
glasses
of
water.
这个广口瓶能装10杯水。
She
could
hardly
contain
her
excitement.
她抑制不住内心的激动。
[思维拓展]
container
n．容器
[易混辨析]
contain,
include
contain
通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内
include
通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including
sth.
The
box
contains
forty
maps,
including
two
Chinese
maps.
箱子里装着四十幅地图，其中包括两幅中国地图。
[即学即练]
用
contain/include的适当形式填空
(1)The
Chinese
diet
is
considered
to
be
the
healthiest
in
the
world.
It
includes
a
lot
of
fruit
and
green
vegetables.
(2)Everyone
took
part
in
the
fight
against
the
flood，including
old
people.
(3)The
container
can
contain
100
litres
of
water.
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．Last
summer
I
took
a
course
on
how
to
deal
with
poisonous
(poison)
gases.
2．He
needs
to
buy
a
chair
which
can
be_folded
(fold)
to
carry
when
he
goes
fishing.
3．Each
year
Americans
consume
a
high
percentage
of
the
world's
energy.
4．The
climate
is
(be)
different
from
place
to
place.
5．Soon
afterwards,
many
of
those
people
started
settling
down
to
become
farmers,
and
their
languages
became
more
settled
and
fewer
in
number
too.
(settle)
6．I
was
only
mildly
(mild)
interested
in
English
when
I
took
up
it.
7．The
new
bridge
under
construction
(construct),
measuring
twice
as
long
as
the
old
one,
is
due
to
be
completed
next
month.
8．Six
months
passed
by,
and
still
she
had
not
found
a
suitable
(suit)
job.
9．The
stadium
is
large
enough
to_contain
(contain)
100
thousand
audience.
10．Be
especially
careful
of
information
contained
(contain)
in
advertisements.
1
[典型例句]
Meanwhile
you
have
to
prepare
the
next
question
depending
on
what
the
person
says.
同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
[思维拓展]
depend
on/upon
sb.
to
do
sth.依靠某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.'s
doing
sth.相信/指望某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.
for
sth.靠某人供给某物
depend
on/upon
it
that...请相信……
That
depends./It
all
depends.视情况而定。
You
may
depend
on/upon
her
arriving
on
time.
你可以相信她会准时到来。
Children
depend
on
their
parents
for
food
and
clothing.
孩子们依靠父母供给衣食。
—Is
Tom
coming?
——汤姆来吗？
—That
depends.
He
may
not
have
time.
——那要看情况。他不一定有时间。
[即学即练]
He
knew
he
could
depend
on
her
to_deal
(deal)
with
the
situation.
2
[典型例句]
In
a
flash
of
light，the
prince
turned
into
a
frog.
一道闪光之后，王子变成了一只青蛙。
Peter
can
show
you
how
to
turn
an
idea
into
an
act.
彼得能教你如何把想法变成行动。
[思维拓展]
turn
down关小，调低；拒绝
turn
in上交
turn
off关(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
on开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
out结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是)
turn
to转向；求助于
turn
up开大；调高；到达，出现
[即学即练]
(1)Turn
up
the
radio
so
that
I
can
hear
the
program.
(2)Please
turn
to
the
police
for
help
when
you
are
in
trouble.
(3)Newly?built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
turning
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
3
[典型例句]
Cartoon
characters
such
as
Mickey
Mouse
and
Snoopy
are
still
popular.
像米老鼠和史努比这样的卡通人物仍然很受欢迎。
She
does
well
in
many
subjects
such
as
maths，physics，and
chemistry.
她许多学科的成绩都很好，比如数学、物理和化学。
[易混辨析]
for
example，such
as，that
is
for
example
用来举例说明前面说过的话或提出的观点，一般列举同类人或事物中的一个，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末，往往用逗号与句中其他成分隔开
such
as
用来列举事物，用在所列举的事物与前面的名词之间。一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，所列数量不能等同于前面所提事物的总数
that
is
“即是”，列举出全部
Many
countries,
for
example,
Mexico
and
Japan,
have
a
lot
of
earthquakes.
许多国家，例如墨西哥和日本，经常发生地震。
There
are
few
poets
such
as
Keats
and
Shelley
now.
现在几乎没有像济慈和雪莱那样的诗人了。
I
have
three
good
friends,
that
is,
John,
Jack
and
Tom.
我有三个好朋友：约翰、杰克和汤姆。
[即学即练]
In
my
opinion,
vegetables
are
good
for
your
health，for
example,
tomatoes.
4
[典型例句]
He
left
for
varieties
of
reasons.
他由于种种原因离开了。
There
are
varieties
of
patterns
to
choose
from.
有种类繁多的花样可供选择。
[思维拓展]
vary
vi.&vt.变化；改变；相异；不同
various
adj.不同的；各种各样的
variety
n．多样性，变化；种类
a
variety
of＝varieties
of各种各样的
[即学即练]
More
and
more
people
choose
to
shop
in
a
supermarket
as
it
offers
a
great
variety
(vary)
of
goods.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．You
can
depend
on
his
coming
on
Sunday.
2．He
promised
that
he
would
come，but
he
hasn't
turned
up
yet.
3．In
many
European
countries，for
example，the
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
is
quite
formal.
4．The
club
offers
a
wide
variety
of
games
to
the
local
teenagers.
What
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants
then
turned
into
a
centre
for
Chinese
culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。What
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants是一个主语从句，整句话的谓语是turned
into。
(2)what可引导的名词性从句有：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。what作“什么；……的东西”讲。如：
What
caused
the
accident
remains
unknown.
是什么引发了这起事故还不知道。(引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)
This
book
will
show
you
what
should
be
known
by
good
teachers.
这本书会告诉你优秀的教师应该了解什么。(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)
Our
city
isn't
what
it
used
to
be.
我们的城市不再是原来的样子了。(引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)
[易混辨析]
what和that引导名词性从句的异同：
that引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)、不作成分、没有词义；what引导名词性从句时不可省略、作成分、有词义。
[即学即练]
(1)What
he
needed
was
a
job.
(2)Pluck
up
courage
to
do
what
you're
afraid
to
do.
(3)China
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.
Visitors
can
also
spend
hours
just
exploring
the
interesting
sights，smells，and
sounds
of
China.
游客还可以花几个小时探索中国有趣的景色、气味和声音。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是Visitors，谓语是can
spend，hours是宾语，使用了“spend＋一段时间＋(in)
doing
sth.”句型。
(2)“sb.
spends＋一段时间＋(in)
doing
sth.”句型表示“某人花费一段时间做某事”。如：
They
spent
three
months
touring
Europe.
他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。
We
spent
hours
studying
the
structure
of
leaves
under
the
microscope.
我们花了好几个小时在显微镜下研究叶子的结构。
[思维拓展]
“花费”句型面面观：
spend
take
pay
cost：sth.
costs
(sb.)
some
money
[即学即练]
(1)It
took
me
two
hours
to_do
(do)
the
cleaning.
(2)Charlie
spent
much
time
and
energy
looking
(look)
after
his
sick
mother
and
his
brother.
It
has
a
long
and
famous
history，with
the
author
Robert
Louis
Stevenson
having
spent
much
time
writing
there.
它有着悠久而著名的历史，作家罗伯特·路易·史蒂文森曾在那里花费许多时间写作。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。It是句子的主语，has是谓语，a
long
and
famous
history是宾语，后面是with的复合结构在句中作状语。
(2)“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构。该结构可在句中作定语和状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)。其具体形式有：
①with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介宾短语。如：
In
summer，she
usually
sleeps
with
the
windows
open.
夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。(伴随状语)
Do
you
know
the
lady
with
a
baby
in
her
arms?
你认识那个抱小孩儿的女士吗？(定语)
②with＋名词/代词＋名词。如：
She
died
with
her
son
yet
a
baby.
她去世了，儿子还在襁褓之中。(伴随状语)
③with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行。如：
He
lay
on
the
grass
with
his
eyes
looking
at
the
sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望天空。(伴随状语)
④with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词表示被动和动作已完成。如：
With
his
hair
cut，he
looked
much
younger.
由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)
⑤with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。如：
With
a
lot
of
homework
to
do，I
can't
go
skating
with
you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。(原因状语)
She
knew
that
with
him
to
help
her，she
could
succeed.
她知道，有他帮忙，她能够成功。(原因状语)
[即学即练]
(1)With
so
many
problems
to_solve
(solve)，he
will
have
a
hard
time.
(2)With
a
boy
leading
(lead)
the
way，we
found
the
place
easily.
(3)They
sat
together
around
the
table，with
the
door
closed
(close)．
(4)He
stood
there
with
his
hand
in
his
pocket.
(5)He
fell
asleep
with
all
the
windows
open
(open)．
All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，where
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea.
也有各种各样的传统中草药，还有中国茶馆，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，其中包含and连接的两个并列分句，where
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词stores。
(2)where
引导定语从句的用法聚焦：
This
is
the
place
where
I
was
born.
这就是我出生的地方。
She
has
got
to
the
point
where
she
feels
that
she
cannot
take
it
any
more.
她到了她觉得再也不能忍受的地步。
[即学即练]
(1)Nowadays
people
are
more
concerned
about
the
environment
where
they
live.
(2)We
live
in
a
society
where
exchanging
presents
is
an
important
part
of
communication.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．What
struck
me
most
in
the
movie
was
the
father's
deep
love
for
his
son.
2．He
sat
on
the
grass
with
his
sheep
eating
(eat)
grass.
3．Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
4．I
spend
about
50
pounds
a
month
just
on
books.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It
is
impossible
for
this
country
to
recover
in
a
short
time
over
this
financial
(金融的)
crisis.
2．He
begins
writing
poetry
(诗歌)
under
the
influence
of
his
friend，Robert
Frost.
3．The
lawyer
rarely
wears
anything
other
than
jeans(牛仔裤)
and
a
T?shirt
whatever
the
season.
4．His
boots
(靴子)
were
spotted
with
mud.
5．After
my
delicious
supper,
roast
mutton
and
fried
mushroom
(蘑菇),
I
went
to
the
cinema.
6．The
leaves
of
certain
trees
are
poisonous
(有毒的)
to
cattle.
7．The
back
of
the
bench
folds
(折叠)
forward
to
make
a
table.
8．He
is
recognized
as
a
super
(超级的)
star
and
is
praised
highly
by
people.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Watch
out
for
the
poisonous
(poison)
snakes.
2．The
young
man
lay
on
the
sofa
with
his
arms
folded
(fold)
and
soon
fell
asleep.
3．Some
children
are
likely
to
be
naughty
sometimes
and
it's
difficult
for
them
to
settle
down
to
their
study.
4．These
colorful
crayons
are
not
suitable
to_use
(use)
in
very
hot
weather.
5．Don't
eat
the
foods
containing
(contain)
too
much
sugar
and
fat,
which
will
make
you
put
on
weight
easily.
6．How
could
you
turn
down
such
a
good
job
when
you
have
been
out
of
work
for
months?
7．What
made
her
succeed
later
on
was
the
kindness
and
consideration
she
showed
to
all
her
patients.
8．The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
(follow)
them.
9．Can
you
think
out
a
situation
where
the
word
can
be
used?
PAGEUnit
3
Diverse
Cultures
Section
Ⅳ 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．diverse
adj.
不同的；多种多样的
diversity
n.
差异，
多样性
various
adj.
不同的，
各种各样的，
多方面的，
多样的
different
adj.
不同的
2．fortune
n.
机会；运气；大笔的钱
try
one's
fortune碰运气
bring
good
fortune带来好运
seek
one's
fortune寻找出路；寻找发财的机会
make
a
fortune发财
fortunate
adj.运气好的；幸运的
fortunately
adv.幸运地
unfortunately
adv.不幸地；遗憾地
misfortune
n．厄运；不幸
3．admit
vi.&
vt.承认
vt.准许进入(或加入)；接纳；可容纳
admit
doing/having
done
sth.承认做/做过某事
admit
sb.
to/into准许某人进入……；允许某人加入……
be
admitted
to/into被接收(入学/入院/入党等)
admit
that...承认……
admission
n.
承认；准许进入；入场费
4．occur
vi.发生；出现
occurrence
n.
发生；出现
5．seek
vt.&vi.
寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
seek
for寻求；追求
seek
out挑选出；找出
seek
after
sth.追寻某物
hide?and?seek捉迷藏；躲猫猫
seek
one's
fortune碰运气；寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
seek
sth.
from
sb.向某人寻求某事
seek
to
do
sth.(＝try/attempt
to
do
sth.)试图/企图做某事
6．earn
vt.&vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
earn
a
living＝make
a
living谋生
earn
one's
own
living
自食其力
earn
money＝make
money
挣钱
7．select
vt.选择；挑选；选拔
select
sb./sth.
as...
挑选某人/物作为……
select
sb.
to
do
sth.
挑选某人做某事
8．series
n．一系列；连续；接连
a
series
of一连串的；一系列的
a
TV
series一部电视连续剧
9．escape
vi.&vt.逃走；逃脱；避开
n.
逃跑；逃脱；解脱
escape
(doing)
sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape
from/out
of...从……逃跑/逃走
escape
sb./one's
attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被某人遗忘
a
narrow
escape死里逃生；幸免于难
10．poison
n.
毒物；毒药；毒素
vt.
毒死；毒害
poisonous
adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
11．fold
vt.包；裹；折叠
vt.&vi.
(可)折小；(可)叠平
unfold
vt.展开；打开
12．percentage
n．百分率；百分比
13．climate
n．气候
14．mild
adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的
mildly
adv.轻微地；温和地
15．settle
vt.&vi.
定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
settle
down(使)平静下来；(使)稳定；定居
settle
down
to
(doing)
sth.专心于(做)某事；着手(做)某事
settle
in/into...迁入(新居)；习惯于……
settlement
n．安顿；定居点；解决；协议
settler
n．移民；殖民者
settled
adj.习惯的；固定的
16．construction
n.
建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
be
under
construction正在建设中
construct
vt.建设；修建
be
constructed
of/out
of/from
sth.由……建成
17．suit
vt.
适合；满足……需要；相配；合身
n．西服；套装
suit
sb./sth.
适合某人或某物
be
suited
to/for适合于……
a
swimming
suit一件泳衣
suitable
adj.适当的；相配的；恰当的
be
suitable
for...适合于……
be
suitable
to
do
sth.适合做某事
18．contain
vt.包含；含有；容纳
container
n．容器
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．used
to
do
sth.过去常常做某事(暗指现在不做了)
2．earn
a
living谋生
make
a
life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
come
to
life变得活跃起来
bring
sb./sth.
to
life使某物更生动；使某人/某物苏醒
lay
down
one's
life
for
sb./sth.为……牺牲生命，献身
lead/live
a．..life过着……的生活
3．bring
about导致；引起
bring
back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复
bring
down使……降低；使……倒下
bring
in引入；赚得；挣得
bring
out显现出；使发挥
bring
up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
4．apart
from除了……外(还)；此外
5．depend
on依靠；依赖；取决于；视……而定
depend
on/upon
sb.
to
do
sth.依靠某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.'s
doing
sth.相信/指望某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.
for
sth.靠某人供给某物
depend
on/upon
it
that...请相信……
That
depends./It
all
depends.视情况而定。
6．turn
into(使)变成；(使)成为
turn
down关小，调低；拒绝
turn
in上交
turn
off关(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
on开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
out结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是)
turn
to转向；求助于
turn
up开大，调高；到达，出现
7．such
as诸如；例如
8．varieties
of许多的，种类繁多的
vary
vi.&vt.变化；改变；相异；不同
various
adj.不同的；各种各样的
variety
n．多样性，变化；种类
a
variety
of＝varieties
of各种各样的
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．In
fact，an
art
movement
called
the
“Mission
School”
started
here.
事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。
这是一个简单句。主语是an
art
movement，谓语是started，called
the
“Mission
School”是过去分词短语作后置定语。
2．In
the
same
year，gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，which
started
a
gold
rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，which
started
a
gold
rush是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
3．To
earn
a
living，some
opened
up
shops
and
restaurants
in
Chinatown.
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
这是一个简单句。主语是some，谓语是opened
up，宾语是shops
and
restaurants，in
Chinatown是地点状语，句首的To
earn
a
living是不定式短语作目的状语。
4．What
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants
then
turned
into
a
centre
for
Chinese
culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
这是一个主从复合句。What
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants是一个主语从句，整句话的谓语是turned
into。
5．Visitors
can
also
spend
hours
just
exploring
the
interesting
sights，smells，and
sounds
of
China.
游客还可以花几个小时探索中国有趣的景色、气味和声音。
这是一个简单句。主语是Visitors，谓语是can
spend，hours是宾语，使用了“spend＋一段时间＋(in)
doing
sth.”句型。
6．It
has
a
long
and
famous
history，with
the
author
Robert
Louis
Stevenson
having
spent
much
time
writing
there.
它有着悠久而著名的历史，作家罗伯特·路易·史蒂文森曾在那里花费许多时间写作。
这是一个简单句。It是句子的主语，has是谓语，a
long
and
famous
history是宾语，后面是with的复合结构在句中作状语。
7．All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，where
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea.
也有各种各样的传统中草药，还有中国茶馆，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，其中包含and连接的两个并列分句，where
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词stores。
写作技巧点拨
——写作要求——
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友
Sarah
打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：
1．简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；
2．位置：天安门广场南面；
3．交通：公共汽车17、69、59路等，地铁2号线；
4．特色：步行街、铛铛车、茶馆、剧院等。
参考词汇：步行街
pedestrian
street
铛铛车
trolley
car 地铁
subway
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear
Sarah，
Thank
you
for
your
letter
asking
about
the
rebuilt
Qianmen
Street.
Here
is
something
about
it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
——思路分析——
一、写作要点
1．显性要点：感谢来信询问改建后前门大街的情况，现予以回复——前门大街的简况(长度、历史、商铺)——前门大街位置(天安门广场南面)——前门大街交通(公共汽车和地铁)——前门大街特色(步行街、铛铛车、茶馆、剧院等)。
2．隐性要点：交通便利(就在天安门广场南面，有公共汽车和地铁)——品味特色(坐铛铛车去茶馆、剧院体验中国人的生活)——希望对方能够喜欢(点名介绍用意)。
二、要点串并
把梳理出的要点进行串并，将零碎的事实巧妙整合。
◆前门大街简况串并思路如下：具有600多年历史的前门大街长800余米，沿街林立300余家店铺。
◆前门大街位置与交通串并思路如下：前门大街位于天安门广场南面，乘坐公共汽车17、69、59路等，地铁2号线均可到达。
◆前门大街特色串并思路如下：前门大街虽是步行街，但可乘坐铛铛车去茶馆和剧院。
三、组句成篇
1．当要点之间存在主次关系，但又不能将次要点省略时，便可尝试使用从句以突出主句。
范例：As
the
street
is
just
to
the
south
of
Tian'anmen
Square,
it's
very
convenient
to
get
there
by
bus.
2．当要点之间存在并列关系时，可以使用并列连词，使句与句之间结构更紧凑。
范例：Qianmen
Street
is
a
pedestrian
street,
but
there
are
trolley
cars
to
take
you
not
only
to
the
shops,
but
also
to
theaters
and
teahouses...
——佳作展示——
Dear
Sarah，
Thank
you
for
your
letter
asking
about
the
rebuilt
Qianmen
Street.
Here
is
something
about
it.
Qianmen
Street
is
a
famous
street
of
over
600
years
old.
Along
this
over
800?meter
street,
there
are
more
than
300
shops.
As
the
street
is
just
to
the
south
of
Tian'anmen
Square,
it's
very
convenient
to
get
there
by
bus.
You
may
take
Buses
No.
17,69
or
59.
Subway
Line
2
has
a
stop
there
too.
Qianmen
Street
is
a
pedestrian
street,
but
there
are
trolley
cars
to
take
you
not
only
to
the
shops,
but
also
to
theaters
and
teahouses
where
you
can
experience
a
truly
Chinese
way
of
life.
I'm
sure
you'll
like
it.
Yours，
Li
Hua
——技巧点拨——
景点介绍类文章的写作
景点介绍主要是对景点周围的环境、场面及自然现象的描述。通过对景点的描写来表达作者的看法或态度，以及环境对人物的影响等。
写作时要注意：
1．把景点和周围的环境及景点的历史意义等结合起来。
2．描写景观时按照从整体概述到细节刻画的方法，灵活使用定点描写(同一角度描写多个景观)和定景描写(景观不变，更换观察角度)的手法。在描写过程中要注意处理好空间位置的转换。
3．以描写为主要写作手法，对景物进行介绍，并适当抒发个人情感。
PAGEUNIT
3 DIVERSE
CULTURES
Chinatown
Chinatown
is
located
in
Lower
Town,
the
southern
tip
of
Manhattan,
New
York
City.
Its
scope
is
centered
on
Don't
Street,
including
Kennedy
Street,
Lafeiyete
Street,
Disclosure
Street，Park
Street,
Bowie
Street
and
East
Broadway
Avenue.
Just
a
stone's
throw
from
the
city
government,
Wall
Street,
the
world's
most
famous
international
financial
center,
is
just
a
short
distance
away.
It
is
also
adjacent
to
Broadway,
the
World
Performing
Arts
Center.
Its
superior
location
makes
it
a
pivotal
position
in
New
York.
It
refers
to
the
settlement
of
Chinese?Americans
in
large
cities
other
than
the
two
sides
of
the
Taiwan
Strait.
Chinatown
is
very
common
in
East
Asia,
Southeast
Asia
and
North
America
due
to
historical
factors
or
special
conditions.
Chinatown
was
first
formed
in
the
United
States
and
Canada
in
the
19th
century.
At
that
time,
due
to
discriminatory
land
laws
and
regulations
that
prohibited
Chinese
and
other
colored
people
from
intervening
in
the
land
purchase
market
or
only
allowed
Chinese
to
purchase
land
in
specific
areas,
a
settlement
of
first?generation
Chinese
immigrants
was
formed.
开启快乐学习之旅
唐人街
唐人街位于纽约市曼哈顿南端下城，其范围以勿街为中心，包括坚尼街、拉菲耶特街、披露街、摆也街、包厘街和东百老汇大道。距市政府仅一箭之遥，与闻名世界的国际金融中心华尔街也只是咫尺之遥，又毗邻世界表演艺术中心的百老汇，其优越的地理位置使它在纽约有举足轻重的地位。
它是指除海峡两岸以外的其他大城市中华裔人士聚居区。唐人街因历史因素或特殊国情在东亚、东南亚和北美洲十分常见。唐人街最早在19世纪的美国和加拿大形成。当时，由于歧视性的土地法规严禁华人及其他有色人种介入土地买卖市场或仅准许华人在特定区域购买土地，从而形成了第一代华人移民的聚居区。模块核心素养导航
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．diverse
adj.
不同的；多种多样的→diversity
n.
差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．fortune
n.
机会；运气→fortunate
adj.幸运的；吉祥的→fortunately
adv.幸运地；吉祥地→unfortunate
adj.不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately
adv.不幸地
3．chip
n.
(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯条；芯片；碎片
4．cheese
n．干酪；奶酪
5．admit
vi.&
vt.
承认
vt.
准许进入(或加入)→admission
n．允许进入；入场费；承认
6．definitely
adv.
肯定；确实→definite
adj.
肯定的；
确定的
7．occur
vi.
发生；出现→occurred
(过去式/过去分词)
→occurring
(现在分词)
8．downtown
adv.
在市中心；往市中心
9．mission
n.
传教(区)；重要任务；使命
10．district
n.
地区；区域
11．comic
n.
连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员
adj.
滑稽的；使人发笑的
12．afterwards
adv.
以后；后来
13．historical
adj.(有关)历史的→history
n．历史→historian
n.
历史学家
14．seek
vt.&vi.
寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求→sought
(过去式/过去分词)
15．earn
vt.&
vi.
挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
16．immigrant
n.
(外来)移民；外侨
17．select
vt.
选择；挑选；选拔→selective
adj.有选择性的→selection
n.
选择；
挑选；
选拔
18．china
n.
瓷；瓷器
19．jazz
n.
爵士乐
20．bar
n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
21．diagram
n．简图；图解；图表；示意图
22．journal
n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物→journalist
n．记者
23．claim
vt.&
n.
夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
24．series
n.
一系列；连续；接连
25．minority
n.
少数民族；少数派；少数人→majority
n.
大部分；
大多数
26．escape
vi.&
vt.逃走；逃脱；避开
n.
逃跑；逃脱；解脱
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．head
to
(朝)……
前进；(向……)去
2．seek
one's
fortune
寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3．earn
a
living谋生
4．series
of一系列或一连串(事件)
5．apart
from除了……外(还)；此外
6．be
made
of由……制成
7．be
able
to
do
sth.能够/会做某事
8．used
to
do
sth.过去常常做某事
9．bring
about导致；引起
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．In
fact，an
art
movement
called
the
“Mission
School”
started
here.
事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。
2．In
the
same
year，gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，which
started
a
gold
rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
3．To
_earn
a
living，some
opened
up
shops
and
restaurants
in
Chinatown.
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
1
diverse
adj.
不同的；多种多样的
[典型例句]
Her
interests
are
very
diverse.
她的兴趣非常广泛。
They
are
the
people
from
diverse
cultures.
他们是一些有着不同文化背景的人。
The
program
deals
with
subjects
as
diverse
as
pop
music
and
Beijing
Opera.
这个节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。
[思维拓展]
diversity
n.
差异，
多样性
various
adj.
不同的，
各种各样的，
多方面的，
多样的
different
adj.
不同的
[即学即练]
These
animals
consumed
large
amounts
of
vegetation
(植被),
which
reduced
plant
diversity
(diverse)
in
the
park.
2
[典型例句]
She
told
my
fortune
by
reading
my
palm.
她通过看手相给我算命。
These
two
brothers
decided
to
go
to
big
cities
to
try
their
fortune.
这兄弟俩决定去大城市碰碰运气。
Now
there
are
many
young
men
in
our
society
dreaming
of
making
a
fortune
without
hard
work.
现在在我们社会里，有很多年轻人梦想不通过努力工作就可发大财。
[思维拓展]
try
one's
fortune碰运气
bring
good
fortune带来好运
seek
one's
fortune寻找出路；寻找发财的机会
make
a
fortune发财
fortunate
adj.运气好的；幸运的
fortunately
adv.幸运地
unfortunately
adv.不幸地；遗憾地
misfortune
n．厄运；不幸
[即学即练]
根据提示完成小片段
In
the
1980s,
Li
Hua
went
to
the
south
to
try
his
fortune
(碰运气).
But
he
made
no
fortune
(没有发财).
Fortunately
(幸运的是),
he
met
with
a
boss
who
fed
pigs.
With
his
help,
Li
Hua
made
his
fortune
(发财)
later
by
feeding
pigs.
[典型例句]
Dina
admitted
feeling
hurt
by
what
I
had
said.
迪娜承认我说的话伤了她的感情。
We
all
admit
him
to
be
foolish.
我们全都认为他是个傻瓜。
Only
ticket?holders
will
be
admitted
into
the
stadium.
只有持票者才可进入体育场。
[思维拓展]
admit
doing/having
done
sth.承认做/做过某事
admit
sb.
to/into准许某人进入……；允许某人加入……
be
admitted
to/into被接收(入学/入院/入党等)
admit
that...承认……
admission
n.承认；准许进入；入场费
注意：admit
不能跟不定式作宾语。
[图解助记]
[即学即练]
写出下列句中admit的含义
(1)The
youngsters
admitted
planning
trips
around
potential
photo?opportunities
and
then
messaging
friends—and
friends
of
friends—to
demand
“likes”
for
their
online
posts.承认
(2)Sea
Life
Melbourne
Aquarium
admits
visitors
from
9：30
am
until
6：00
pm.接纳；准许进入
(3)The
dining
hall
to
be
completed
next
month
can
admit
1,000
students.可容纳
4
[典型例句]
The
accident
occurred
at
five
o'clock.
这场事故发生在5点钟。
[思维拓展]
occurrence
n.
发生；出现
注意：occur
通常和介词
to
搭配，表示“某人想起，想到”。
[易混辨析]
occur，happen，take
place，strike
(1)occur
和
happen
都是不及物动词，均可用来表示“发生”。在表示具体事情的词作主语时，happen
和
occur
可通用。
(2)take
place
用作不及物动词短语，所表示的“发生”往往带有事先安排的意思，指事件在特殊的地方或时间发生或举行。
(3)strike
是及物动词，表示“某人想起，想到”。
[即学即练]
(1)The
same
theme
occurs
in
many
of
his
works.
同一个主题在他的许多作品中都有。
(2)The
accident
occurred
at
five
o'clock.
事故发生在五点钟。
(3)An
idea
occurred
_to
me.
我想到一个主意。
(4)It
didn't
occur
to
her
to
ask
for
help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
(5)It
didn't
occur
to
him
that
she
would
refuse
his
invitation.
他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。
5
[典型例句]
Local
schools
are
seeking
to
reduce
the
dropout
rate.
当地学校在寻找办法降低辍学率。
They
sought
in
vain
for
somewhere
to
shelter.
他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。
[思维拓展]
seek
for寻求；追求
seek
out挑选出；找出
seek
after
sth.追寻某物
hide?and?seek捉迷藏；躲猫猫
seek
one's
fortune碰运气；寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
seek
sth.
from
sb.向某人寻求某事
seek
to
do
sth.(＝try/attempt
to
do
sth.)试图/企图做某事
[即学即练]
(1)He
is
seeking
(＝asking
for)
a
job.
他正在找工作。
(2)The
boy
sought
advice
from
his
teacher.
这个男孩向他的老师寻求建议。
(3)He
is
the
man
who
is
always
seeking
after
truth.
他是个始终追求真理的人。
(4)They
are
seeking
to
mislead
us.
他们试图误导我们。
6
[典型例句]
He
tried
to
earn
more
money
to
provide
for
a
large
family.
他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。
He
earns
about
40,000
dollars
a
year.
他一年挣大约4万美元。
[思维拓展]
earn
a
living＝make
a
living谋生
earn
one's
own
living
自食其力
earn
money＝make
money
挣钱
[易混辨析]
obtain/earn/gain/get/win
(1)obtain应用范围较广，含有“如期地达到目的或得到所希望的东西”之意，多用于正式场合。
(2)earn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬，或得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。
(3)gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。
(4)get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能得到。
(5)win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得”，有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。
[即学即练]
(1)His
courage
earned
him
the
admiration
of
his
classmates.
他的勇气博得了同学们的赞扬。
(2)Do
you
know
how
much
he
earns
a
month?
你知道他一个月赚多少钱吗？
(3)He
earns
his
living
by
teaching
at
a
language
school.
他在语言学校教书以维持生计。
7
[典型例句]
He
selected
a
team
for
the
special
task.
他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马。
[思维拓展]
select
sb./sth.
as...
挑选某人/物作为……
select
sb.
to
do
sth.
挑选某人做某事
York
was
selected
as
the
site
for
the
research
centre.
约克被选定为研究中心的所在地。
Simon
has
been
selected
to
represent
us
at
the
conference.
西蒙已被推选出来代表我们出席会议。
[易混辨析]
elect/choose/select/pick
(1)elect“选举；选择”，指在一定的范围内或有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法制，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选举出代表或负责人；也含有为完成某任务而选择适用的人员的意思。
(2)choose“挑选；选择”，指从若干人或事物中找出符合要求、满足需要的人或事物。这种选择取决于个人主观意志，带有最终选定的含义。
(3)select“精选”，语气比choose重，而且更正式，强调客观性，挑选对象是同类的。
(4)pick常与out连用，有“挑选，选择”之意，指仔细地、精心地选择，带有挑剔意味，有时可与select互换，意为“拣出，认出”。
[即学即练]
用elect/choose/select/pick的适当形式填空
(1)It
took
her
an
hour
to
pick
a
dress
that
suited
her.
(2)Chu
has
been
selected
to
attend
the
National
Young
Leaders'
Conference.
(3)We
have
elected
him
chairman.
(4)You
should
choose
friends
with
care.
8
[典型例句]
There
was
a
series
of
bangs
as
the
box
fell
down
the
stairs.
箱子掉下楼梯时发出了一连串响声。
[思维拓展]
a
series
of一连串的；一系列的
a
TV
series一部电视连续剧
注意：(1)series
属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有
means,
species,
works(工厂)，deer,
fish,
sheep
等。
(2)“a
series
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those
series
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
A
series
of
lectures
is
scheduled.
一系列演讲已安排好了。
Two
series
of
lectures
are
scheduled:
one
for
experts
and
one
for
laypeople.
两套演讲已安排好了：一套为专业人员，一套为非专业人员。
[即学即练]
(1)Then
began
a
series
of
wet
days
that
spoiled
our
vacation.
之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
(2)There
was
a
series
of
car
accidents
at
the
crossing
this
morning.
今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。
[典型例句]
He
escaped
from
prison
this
morning.
他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。
Some
gas
is
escaping
from
the
pipe.
煤气管道漏气了。
The
boy
was
very
lucky
to
escape
punishment/being
punished.
这个男孩很幸运地逃脱了惩罚。
[思维拓展]
escape
(doing)
sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape
from/out
of...从……逃跑/逃走
escape
sb./one's
attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被某人遗忘
a
narrow
escape死里逃生；幸免于难
注意：escape
doing
sth.结构中doing常用被动语态，即escape
being
done，意为“逃脱被……”。
[即学即练]
(1)The
bird
has
escaped
from
its
cage.
小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。
(2)How
can
we
escape
observation/being
observed?
我们怎样才不会被人发现？
(3)His
name
escapes
me
for
the
moment.
我一时想不起他的名字来。
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．A
great
diversity
(diverse)
of
computers
are
made
in
Guangzhou.
2．My
cousin
was
fortunate
to_find
(find)
a
job
as
soon
as
she
graduated
from
the
university.
3．The
war
brought
people
nothing
but
misfortune
(fortune)
and
disaster.
4．She
apologized
to
me
and
admitted
taking/having_taken
(take)
my
umbrella
by
mistake.
5．No
one
can
go
out
of
the
room
without
the
teacher's
admission
(admit)．
6．Along
with
your
wonderful
innovation
(创新),
you
need
to
hand
in
a
report,
explaining
how
the
idea
occurred
to
you
and
what
materials
you
used.
7．We
seek
to_find
(find)
a
way
to
make
us
get
along
well
with
the
people
around
us.
8．He
was
in
trouble
and
sought
(seek)
the
help
of
a
private
lawyer.
9．Tom
put
his
heart
into
the
wildlife
research,
and
finally,
his
efforts
earned
(earn)
him
great
success
and
fame.
10．Selecting
(select)
a
mobile
phone
for
personal
use
is
no
easy
task
because
technology
is
changing
so
rapidly.
11．One
year,
through
a
series
of
unhappy
events,
my
dreams
all
fell
apart.
12．That
was
a
narrow
escape
all
right
when
our
car
turned
over!
13．He
escaped
being_killed
(kill)
in
the
explosion
because
he
had
not
gone
to
work.
1
[典型例句]
I
used
to
go
to
the
cinema
a
lot.
我以前常去看电影。
There
used
to
be
low
and
dirty
houses.
那里曾是一些又矮又脏的房舍。
[易混辨析]
used
to
do
sth.,
be
used
to
(doing)
sth.,
be
used
to
do
sth.
used
to
do
sth.
表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态
be
used
to
(doing)
sth.
表示“习惯于(做)某事”，其中to
为介词，后接(动)名词
be
used
to
do
sth.
表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态
Mr
White
used
to
live
in
China,
so
he
is
used
to
Chinese
dishes.
怀特先生过去住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
Bamboo
can
be
used
to
build
houses.
竹子可用来建造房屋。
[即学即练]
I
used
to
live
(live)
in
Shanghai，but
now
I
am
used
to
living
(live)
in
Beijing.
2
[典型例句]
He
is
a
novelist
and
earns
a
living
by
writing.
他是一个小说家，靠写作为生。
On
graduation,
Nancy
earned
a
living
as
a
composer
of
music.
大学毕业后，南希靠当作曲家谋生。
注意：earn
a
living
相当于
earn
one's
living，其中的
one's
或
a
不能换成
the,
living
也不能用其复数形式
livings，但
earn
可以换成
make，意思不变。
[思维拓展]
make
a
life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
come
to
life变得活跃起来
bring
sb./sth.
to
life使某物更生动；使某人/某物苏醒
lay
down
one's
life
for
sb./sth.为……牺牲生命，献身
lead/live
a．..life过着……的生活
[即学即练]
(1)They
emigrated
to
Australia
to
make
a
new
life
there.
他们移民到澳大利亚，在那儿开始全新的生活。
(2)Her
songs
bring
our
history
to
_life
again.
她的歌曲又一次重现了我们的历史。
(3)Joanne
earns
a
living
as
a
dancer
in
a
club.
乔安妮在一个俱乐部当舞者，以此谋生。
(4)The
match
finally
came
to
life
in
the
second
half.
比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。
(5)They
were
prepared
to
lay
down
their
lives
for
their
country.
他们准备为国捐躯。
3
[典型例句]
Besides,
the
results
of
the
examinations
always
bring
about
the
worry
and
anxiety
of
the
students.
此外，考试的结果总是引起学生的担心和焦虑。
But
a
condition
like
this
will
bring
about
the
destruction
of
your
nation.
但是像这样的情况只会给你的国家带来毁灭。
[思维拓展]
bring
back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复
bring
down使……降低；使……倒下
bring
in引入；赚得；挣得
bring
out显现出；使发挥
bring
up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
[即学即练]
(1)Born
into
a
family
with
three
brothers,
David
was
brought
up
to
value
the
sense
of
sharing.
(2)Scientists
say
that
many
factors
bring
about
the
changes
in
the
weather.
4
[典型例句]
Apart
from
the
construction
mentioned
above,
you
have
also
learned
the
following
phrases.
除了以上提到的结构，你们还学过下面的短语。
I
hardly
know
anyone
in
the
village
apart
from
you.
除你之外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。
Apart
from
a
few
faults,
he
is
a
faithful
friend.
除了有几个缺点外，他是一位值得信赖的朋友。
[易混辨析]
apart
from,
in
addition
to,
besides,
except,
except
for,
except
that
apart
from
重在强调既含有“除了……还有”，也含有“把……排除在外”之意
in
addition
to
“除……之外还”，一般位于句首
besides
表示“除了……还有”
except
表示“把……排除在外”
except
for
表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况
except
that
意思与except
for相同，后须接从句
[即学即练]
选择以上短语填空
(1)As
a
senior
student,
we
study
other
subjects
apart_from
English.
(2)Your
article
is
well
written
except_for/apart_from
some
spelling
mistakes.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．Travellers
get
used
to
living
(live)
in
different
climates
and
conditions.
2．Apart
from
my
academic
studies,
I
always
manage
to
find
time
for
what
I'm
interested
in.
3．I
earned
my
(I)
living
mainly
from
teaching.
4．Being
brought
up
in
the
countryside
made
Mr
Wilson
very
hardworking
when
he
was
very
young.
In
fact，an
art
movement
called
the
“Mission
School”
started
here.?
事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。)
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是an
art
movement，谓语是started，called
the
“Mission
School”是过去分词短语作后置定语。
(2)过去分词作定语用法浅析：
They
are
cleaning
the
fallen
leaves
in
the
yard.
他们正在清理院子里的落叶。
Who
were
the
so?called
guests
invited
(＝who
had
been
invited)
to
the
party
last
night?
昨晚被邀请参加晚会的那些所谓的客人都是谁呀？
[即学即练]
(1)The
program
designed
(design)
to
help
the
young
is
very
popular.
(2)He
borrowed
a
book
written
(write)
by
Mo
Yan.
In
the
same
year，gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，which
started
a
gold
rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，which
started
a
gold
rush是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
(2)which
引导非限制性定语从句
These
apple
trees,
which
I
planted
three
years
ago,
have
not
produced
any
fruits.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which
指代
these
apple
trees)
John
passed
the
exam,
which
made
his
parents
very
happy.
约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which
指代整个主句)
He
said
that
he
had
never
seen
her
before,
which
was
not
true.
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which
指代主句中的宾语从句)
[思维拓展]
as
引导非限制性定语从句
She
is
late
again,
as
was
expected.
她又迟到了，正如预料的那样。(位于句末)
As
we
had
expected,
Tom
passed
the
driving
test.
正如我们预料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。(位于句首)
Global
warming,
as
we
all
know,
has
caused
a
lot
of
natural
disasters.
众所周知，全球变暖已经引发了很多自然灾害。(位于句中)
[即学即练]
(1)She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work，which
helps
them
keep
fit.
(2)The
number
of
smokers，as
is
reported，has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
To
earn
a
living，some
opened
up
shops
and
restaurants
in
Chinatown.?
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是some，谓语是opened
up，宾语是shops
and
restaurants，in
Chinatown是地点状语，句首的To
earn
a
living是不定式短语作目的状语。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时可位于句首或句末，表强调时，通常可以在不定式符号to之前加上in
order或so
as，其否定形式为in
order
not
to...和so
as
not
to...，但so
as
to不可位于句首。
When
asked
why
he
went
there，he
said
he
was
sent
there
to
be
trained
for
a
space
flight.
当被问及他为什么去那里时，他说他被派去那儿接受太空飞行训练。
I
send
him
some
pictures
for
him
to
see
what
Paris
is
like.
我寄给他几张照片，让他瞧瞧巴黎是什么样子的。
She
arrived
early
in
order
to
get
a
good
seat.
为找个好位置，她早早地到场了。
Let's
hurry
so
as
not
to
be
late
for
the
movie.
咱们快点儿吧，免得看电影迟到了。
[即学即练]
You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
to_see
(see)
the
benefit.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．I
bought
a
dress
decorated
(decorate)
with
some
beautiful
patterns.
2．I've
been
to
London，which
is
a
beautiful
city.
3．To_make
(make)matters
worse，Mr
Rove
is
more
important
now
than
in
the
past.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Over
the
next
half
century,
the
industry
is
likely
to
experience
growth
with
many
diverse
(不同的)
cultures
and
markets.
2．Government
ministers
are
starting
to
wonder
how
long
their
good
fortune
(运气)
can
last.
3．Have
you
got
any
cheese
(奶酪)
I
can
have
with
this
bread?
4．I
know
he
is
trustless.
In
the
meantime,
I
must
admit
(承认)
he
is
a
good
worker.
5．What
you
wear
should
be
stylish
and
clean,
and
must
definitely
(肯定)
fit
well.
6．Cultural
differences
occur
(发生)
wherever
you
go.
When
visiting
another
country,
you
should
be
aware
of
those
differences
and
respect
them.
7．If
you
go
downtown
(往市中心)
tomorrow,
could
you
give
me
a
lift?
8．I
want
to
read
a
lot
of
comic
(漫画杂志)
books.
I
want
to
watch
movies.
9．At
first,
I
didn't
like
him,
but
afterwards
(后来)
I
came
to
appreciate
him.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
(diversity)
cultures,
each
of
which
uses
it
differently.
2．Fortunately
(fortunate),
people
are
beginning
to
realize
how
serious
this
situation
is.
3．To
get
admitted
(admit),
I
have
made
good
preparations
beforehand,
making
efforts
to
know
as
much
as
I
could
about
my
city,
Tianjin.
4．It
occurred
to
me
to_go
(go)
to
attend
a
meeting
when
I
was
about
to
go
home.
5．The
United
States
will
introduce
a
new
exam
for
students
who
seek
to_study
(study)
in
America.
6．A
prisoner
by
the
name
of
Jack
escaped
from
prison
last
night.
7．I
have
nothing
apart
from
the
clothes
I
am
wearing.
8．Some
people
fear
that
air
pollution
may
bring
about
changes
in
the
weather
around
the
world.
9．Most
of
the
people
invited
(invite)
to
the
party
were
his
old
schoolmates.
10．—I
hope
to
take
the
computer
course.
—Good
idea.To_find
(find)
out
more
about
it，visit
this
website.
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