Space
Exploration
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
不定式的用法
一、不定式的时态和语态
1．不定式的形式
不定式有六种形式，以
write
为例，列表如下：
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
to
write
to
be
written
完成式
to
have
written
to
have
been
written
进行式
to
be
writing
完成进行式
to
have
been
writing
2.使用情况
(1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。
He
seems
to
know
this.
他似乎了解这件事。
(2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或正在进行。
He
pretended
to
be
working
hard.＝He
pretended
that
he
was
working
hard.
他假装干得很卖力。
When
he
came
in,
I
happened
to
be
reading
the
novel.
他进来时，我碰巧正在读小说。
(3)完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或已经发生。
I
am
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
给你添了这么多麻烦真抱歉。
She
is
said
to
have
just
completed
a
novel.
据说她刚完成一部小说。
(4)完成进行式：强调不定式的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。
The
rain
was
said
to
have
been
falling
for
a
week.
据说雨已下一周了。
He
was
happy
to
have
been
staying
with
his
uncle.
他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。
(5)被动式：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。
She
felt
puzzled
to
be
asked
such
a
question.
被问了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。
The
factory
to
be
built
here
next
year
is
a
car
factory.
明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。
二、不定式的语法功能
不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。高考侧重考查不定式作定语、宾语、状语和宾补的用法。
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。
The
weather
will
be
sunny
in
the
days
to
come.
未来几天将是晴天。
(2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the
last/the
only/the
next
或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。
Zhang
Jian
is
the
first
Chinese
to
swim
across
the
Bohai
Sea.
张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。
He
was
the
only
one
to
finish
the
task
on
time.
他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。
(3)抽象名词
time,
way,
reason,
chance,
courage,
opportunity,
ability
等后以及不定代词
something,
nothing,
little
等后常用不定式作定语。
A
subway
is
an
effective
way
to
solve
traffic
problems
in
a
big
city.
地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。
(4)“there
be＋主语＋to
do”和
have
sth.
to
do
结构中，不定式也作后置定语。
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
没什么可担心的。
He
has
a
lot
of
work
to
do
today.
今天他有大量的活要干。
2．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。可位于句首或句末，其前可加
in
order/so
as，但
so
as
to
不可位于句首。
I
got
up
early
(in
order)
to
catch
the
6：30
train.
我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。
(2)作原因状语。
I
am
glad
to
see
you.
见到你很高兴。
He
smiled
to
think
of
a
clever
plan.
想到了一个聪明的计划，他笑了。
(3)作结果状语，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，常与
only
连用；而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
I
hurried
to
the
post
office,
only
to
find
it
closed.
我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。
单句语法填空
1．The
old
man
sat
in
front
of
the
television
every
evening,
happy
to_watch
(watch)
anything
that
happened
to
be
on.
2．I
dialed
up
corporate
headquarters,
only
to_be_told
(tell)
those
names
were
not
yet
public.
3．Volunteering
gives
you
a
chance
to_change
(change)
lives,
including
your
own.
4．The
airport
to_be_completed
(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
5．It's
standard
practice
for
a
company
like
this
one
to_employ
(employ)
a
security
officer.
6．To_free
(free)
ourselves
from
the
physical
and
mental
tensions,
we
each
need
deep
thought
and
inner
quietness.
7．They
hurried
to
the
station,
only
to_find
(find)
their
train
had
gone
five
minutes
before.
8．He
hurried
to
school
only
to_find
(find)
nobody
there.
9．She
wanted
to_see
(see)
which
shop
offered
the
best
service.
10．I
feel
it
exciting
to_see
(see)
the
movie
Wolf
Warriors
Ⅱ
which
Wu
Jing
directed
and
starred
in.
PAGESpace
Exploration
Section
Ⅳ 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．determined
adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
be
determined
to
do
sth.决心做某事(表状态)
determine
v．决定；确定；(使)下定决心
determine
to
do
sth.决心做某事(表动作)
determine
on/upon
(doing)
sth.决定(做)某事
determination
n．坚定；决心
2．disappointed
adj.失望的；沮丧的
be
disappointed
at/by
sth.对某事失望
be
disappointed
in/with
sb.对某人失望
be
disappointed
to
do
sth.因……感到失望
disappointing
adj.
令人失望的，扫兴的(强调主语的行为或某事令人失望)
disappoint
v.
使失望；使破灭，使落空
disappointment
n.
[U]失望，[C]令人失望的人/事
to
sb.'s
disappointment
令某人失望的是
3．desire
n．渴望；欲望
vt.渴望；期望
desire
sth.渴望得到某物
desire
to
do
sth.希望做某事
desire
sb.to
do
sth.希望某人做某事
desire
that期望……
have
a
desire
for渴望；希望得到
have
no
desire
for
sth.
对……没有欲望
have
a
strong
desire
to
do
sth.迫切想做某事
satisfy
one's
desires
满足某人的欲望/愿望
desirable
adj.值得拥有的，可取的，有利的
4．independent
adj.独立的；自主的
be
independent
from/of
sth.从……独立
be
independent
of
sb.
不依赖某人
independence
n．独立；自主
independence
from
sb./sth.从……独立
independently
adv.独立地；自主地
dependent
adj.依靠的；依赖的
dependence
n．信赖，依赖
depend
v．依靠，依赖
5．signal
vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号
n.
信号；标志
signal
to
sb.
向某人发信号/示意
signal
(to)
sb.
to
do
sth.
示意某人做某事
signal
with...用……发信号
6．lack
n．缺乏；短缺
vt.没有；缺乏
lack
sth.缺乏/少某物
(a)
lack
of...缺乏/少……
for
lack
of...因缺乏……
lacking
adj.
缺少的，不足的
be
lacking
in缺少(品质、特点等)；在……方面缺乏
7．float
vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt.使浮动；使漂流
float
around/about(思想等)传播；流传
8．otherwise
adv.否则；要不然
9．current
adj.
当前的；现在的
n.
水流；电流；思潮
the
current
year
今年
a
strong
current
急流
air/electrical
current
气流/电流
current
fashions/events/prices
时装/时事/现价
10．argue
vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论
argue
with
sb.about/over
sth.与某人争论某事
argue
for/against
sth.赞成/反对某事
argue
sb.into/out
of
doing
sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argue
that...主张；认为
argument
n．争论；争辩；辩论
It
is
beyond
argument
that...无可争辩的是……
11．pattern
n．模式；图案；模范
12．monitor
n.
监视器；监视仪
vt.监视；监测；监控
monitor
n．班长
13．regular
adj.定期的；经常的；正常的
regularly
adv.
定期地
irregular
adj.
不规则的；不定期的
14．limited
adj.有限的
limit
vt.限制；限定
n．限制；范围，界限(常作复数)
limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
set
a
limit
to
sth.对……限定范围
within
the
limits
of在……范围内
beyond
the
limit超过限度；超越极限
limitless
adj.无限制的；无止境的
limitation
n．限制；控制；局限
15．attach
vt.系；绑；贴
attach
sth.
to
sth.将某物系/贴到某物上
attach
oneself
to
sb./sth.依附于某人；参加某事
attach
importance/significance/value
to认为……有重要性/有意义/有价值
attached
adj.附属的；依恋的
be
attached
to依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．go
up上升；增长；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
go
about着手做；忙于
go
by时间流逝；经过
go
after追逐，追求
go
ahead进行，进展；做吧，干吧
go
along进展；继续
go
against反对；违背；不利于
go
out出去；熄灭
go
in
for参加；从事；喜欢
go
over检查；复习
go
back
to追溯到；回到
go
through仔细检查；经历苦难；通过
go
without勉强凑合，没有……也行
2．look
up抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
look
after照料；照顾 look
ahead展望未来
look
around环顾；四下看
look
at看；检查
look
back
on回忆
look
down
upon/on瞧不起
look
into调查；审查
3．focus
on集中(注意力、精力等)于
pay
attention
to注意
devote
oneself
to致力于
focus
n．[C，U]焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦
be
in/off
focus焦点对准/没有对准
go
out
of
focus不清楚；没在焦点上
come
into
focus清晰；在焦点上
bring
sth.
into
focus调好焦距；使事物变清楚
4．believe
in相信；信任
5．carry
on继续做，坚持干
carry
on
with＋sth./doing
sth.继续做某事(相当于go
on
with)
carry
off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry
forward成功地进行
carry
over继续存在；延迟
carry
back运回；使回想起
carry
out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)
carry
sth.
through
成功地完成某事
6．in
the
hope
of
doing
sth.抱着……的希望
in
the
hope
that怀着……的希望；希望能……
with
the
hope
of带着……的希望
7．so
as
to
(do
sth.)为了；以便
8．figure
out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；合计；计算出
test
out试验；测试；检查
turn
out证明是；生产；出来
put
out熄灭；出版
let
out泄露；放出，发出
set
out着手，开始
find
out找出
try
out试验
9．look
forward
to
期望；期待；盼望
pay
attention
to
注意
devote...to...致力于……
prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……
10．make
a
difference有影响；有重要作用
make
no/little
difference
to...对……没有影响/影响很小
make
much
difference
to...对……影响很大
difference
in/between...在某方面的不同/在两者之间存在的不同
tell
the
difference
(between...)分清(……之间的)不同
11．result
in导致；造成
result
from由……产生；因……引起
as
a
result所以；结果(是)
as
a
result
of因为；由于
14．run
out用完；耗尽
run
out
of用完(及物动词短语)
use
up用完；耗尽(及物动词短语)
give
out用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)
run
across偶然遇到
run
after追逐；追踪
run
into撞上；偶然碰见
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Before
the
mid?20th
century，most
people
felt
travelling
into
space
was
an
impossible
dream.
在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。
这是一个复合句。主句的主语是most
people，felt是谓语，后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，travelling
into
space是动名词作主语，was是系动词，an
impossible
dream是表语。
2．These
disasters
made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed，but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
这是一个简单句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，These
disasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sad
and
disappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是the
desire，to
explore
the
universe是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。
3．Despite
the
difficulties，scientists
hope
future
discoveries
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began，but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们很好地活到未来。
这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是scientists，hope是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中使用了not
only...but
also...。
4．Yeah，I
can't
wait
to
see
Captain
Brown!
是的，我等不及要见布朗船长了！
这是一个简单句。主语是I，can't
wait是谓语，to
see
Captain
Brown是宾语。
5．Countries
around
the
globe
are
spending
billions
of
dollars
and
lots
of
time
on
various
space
missions，whether
to
Mars
or
other
planets
much
further
away.
世界各国正花费数十亿美元和大量时间在火星或其他更遥远的星球的各种太空任务上。
这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是Countries
around
the
globe，谓语是are
spending，billions
of
dollars
and
lots
of
time是宾语。whether
to
Mars
or
other
planets
much
further
away是whether引导的让步状语从句，该从句用了省略结构。
6．Therefore，it
should
continue
so
as
to
provide
new
and
better
solutions
to
people's
short?term
and
long?term
problems.
因此，为了给人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案，探索太空的事业应该继续下去。
这是一个简单句。主语是it，should
continue是谓语，后面是目的状语。
写作技巧点拨
——写作要求——
假设你校在举办征文活动，题目为“How
to
Overcome
Test
Anxiety”，请你用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你自己的具体做法，以供同学们借鉴。
注意：
1．词数在80左右；
2．做法不少于四点；
3．参考词汇：well?prepared,
take
a
deep
breath,
positive/negative
moods,
concentrate
on,
repeat
4．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Whoever
takes
exams
will
feel
more
or
less
tense
and
anxious
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
——思路分析——
一、确定主题，明确要求
1．主题定位：根据所要写的短文题目和注意内容可确定文章所涉及的内容——提出问题→点明问题的严重性→给出解决之道。
2．题目要求：针对如何克服考试焦虑这一问题谈谈自己的做法，且做法不少于四点。
二、构建框架，明确要点
结合自身对考试紧张情况的感悟，构建文章的主体框架如下：
1．明确提出问题：参加考试时会感到紧张、焦虑。
2．点明问题的严重性：如何克服考试紧张、焦虑这一问题很重要，亟待解决。
3．给出解决之道(至少四点)：①为考试做好充分准备，增强自信心；②坐下之后，放松自己的身体；③使消极情绪转化为积极情绪；④集中精力考试，不要注意周围其他人；⑤其他。
三、添枝加叶，扩句成篇
要点明确之后接下来要做的工作就是把重点信息以不同的句式表达出来：
点明问题的严重性：How
to
overcome
test
anxiety
is
very
important
and
a
problem
in
desperate
want
of
being
solved./How
to
overcome
test
anxiety
is
of
great
importance
and
a
problem
needing
to
be
settled
urgently.
做法一：First(ly),
make
sure
that
you're
well?prepared
for
the
exam,
which
will
make
you
feel
confident
that
you
can
do
it./...for
the
exam
and
this
will
give
you
a
feeling
of
confidence
that
you
can
do
it.
做法二：Second(ly),
once
you
take
your
seat/sit
down,
take
a
few
minutes
to
relax...
做法三：Third(ly),
remove/get
rid
of/push
away
negative
moods
and
turn/change
them
into
positive
ones.
做法四：Fourth(ly),
concentrating
on
the
exam
may
also
benefit
you
a
lot/concentrating
on
the
exam
may
also
be
greatly
beneficial
to
you...
——佳作展示——
Whoever
takes
exams
will
feel
more
or
less
tense
and
anxious.
So
how
to
overcome
test
anxiety
is
very
important
and
a
problem
in
desperate
want
of
being
solved.
Personally,
the
following
may
be
of
help
to
you.
First,
make
sure
that
you're
well?prepared
for
the
exam,
which
will
make
you
feel
confident
that
you
can
do
it.
Second,
once
you
take
your
seat,
take
a
few
minutes
to
relax,
such
as
letting
your
arms
hang
loosely,
moving
your
fingers
as
well
as
taking
a
few
deep
breaths.
Third,
push
away
negative
moods
and
turn
them
into
positive
ones.
Fourth,
concentrating
on
the
exam
may
also
benefit
you
a
lot
and
don't
pay
attention
to
the
people
around
you.
Besides,
if
you
are
sitting
for
an
oral
exam,
smile
a
lot
and
imagine
you
are
having
the
nicest
conversation
in
a
long
time.
Of
course,
when
you
start
feeling
tense
and
anxious
again
during
the
exam,
repeating
the
exercise
to
relax
yourself
is
essential.
——技巧点拨——
问题解决型作文的写作
一、题型特点
1．所涉及问题为当今社会热点；
2．要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径；
3．写作模式：a.首段提出问题，说明现状；b.第二段分析原因；c.末段解决问题。
二、写作模板
首段提出问题：
In
recent
days,
we
have
to
face
the
problem—A(所要解决的问题)，which
is
becoming
more
and
more
serious.
第二段分析原因：
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
there
are
numerous
factors
accounting
for
the
phenomenon
mentioned
above,
but
the
following
might
be
the
critical
ones.
First
and
foremost,
______.
Besides,
________.
Last
but
not
least,
________.
末段提出解决办法：
From
my
point
of
view,
there
are
a
number
of
ways
that
can
solve
the
problem.
Firstly,
________
(解决办法一).
Secondly,
________
(解决办法二).
Thirdly,
________
(解决办法三).
Fourthly...
PAGEUNIT
4 SPACE
EXPLORATION
Yang
Liwei
was
born
in
an
ordinary
family
in
Liaoning
Province
in
1965.
He
became
a
pilot
in
Chinese
Air
Force
in
1987,
spending
1,350
hours
in
the
air.
He
has
spent
5
years
training
to
become
a
spaceman.
Yang
Liwei
was
sent
into
space
at
9
am
on
October
15th,
2003
by
China's
Shenzhou
V
spacecraft,
which
orbited
the
earth
14
times.
He
landed
safely
at
6：23
am
the
next
day,
making
China
the
third
country
successfully
sending
a
person
into
space
after
the
former
Soviet
Union
and
the
USA.
Yang
Liwei
came
back
to
the
earth
after
a
21?hour
trip
to
space.
In
space
Yang
recorded
everything
he
saw
and
showed
China's
national
flag
and
the
United
Nations'
flag
to
the
people
watching
TV
at
home.
All
of
the
Chinese
are
proud
of
our
first
spaceman—Yang
Liwei.
开启快乐学习之旅
杨利伟1965年出生于辽宁省一个普通家庭。1987年，他成为中国空军的飞行员，在空中飞行了1
350个小时。为了成为一名宇航员，他花了5年时间训练。
2003年10月15日上午9点，中国神舟五号宇宙飞船将杨利伟送入太空。神舟五号宇宙飞船绕地球轨道运行了14次。第二天早上6：23他安全着陆，使中国成为继前苏联和美国之后第三个成功将人送入太空的国家。
杨利伟经过21小时的太空旅行回到了地球。在太空中，杨利伟记录了他所看到的一切，并向在家看电视的人们展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗。所有的中国人都为我们的第一位宇航员杨利伟感到骄傲。模块核心素养导航
主题语境：人与社会
主题群：科学与技术
语篇类型：记叙文
文化知识
语言知识
(1)词汇知识：intelligent，determine，disappointed，desire，independent，signal，lack，float，otherwise，current，argue，pattern，monitor，regular，limited，attach，carry
on，on
board，in
the
hope
of
doing
sth.，so
as
to
(do
sth.),
figure
out，result
in，as
a
result，provide
for
sb.，in
closing，run
out等的用法。(2)语法知识：学习动词不定式在句中作定语和状语的用法。(3)语用知识：呈现对太空探索的辩论。
阅读有关太空探索的发展和价值，学会谈论宇航员在太空的生活，了解探索宇宙的神秘，以及在太空探索中取得的成就。
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．astronaut
n．宇航员；太空人
2．procedure
n．程序；步骤；手续
3．mental
adj.
精神的；思想的
4．intelligent
adj.
有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence
n.
智力；
才智；
智慧
5．rocket
n．火箭；火箭弹
6．gravity
n．重力；引力
7．frontier
n.
边境；国界；边远地区
8．vehicle
n．交通工具；车辆
9．universe
n.
宇宙；天地万物→universal
adj.
普遍的；
全体的；
全世界的
10．determined
adj.
有决心的；意志坚定的→determine
vt.查明；确定；决定→determination
n．决心
11．satellite
n．人造卫星；卫星
12．launch
vt.&n.
发射；发起；上市
13．orbit
n.
(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.&vi.
沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
14．giant
adj.
巨大的；伟大的
n.
巨人；巨兽；伟人
15．leap
n.
跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.&
vt.跳过；跃过
16．mankind
n．人类
17．agency
n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agent
n.
(企业、政治等的)
代理人，经纪人
18．data
n.
[pl.]资料；数据
19．disappointed
adj.
失望的；沮丧的→disappointing
adj.令人失望的→disappoint
vt.使失望→disappointment
n．失望
20．desire
n.
渴望；欲望
vt.
渴望；期望→desirable
adj.渴望的，有欲望的
21．independently
adv.独立地；自立地→independent
adj.
独立的；自立的→independence
n．独立→dependent
adj.依靠的，依赖的→dependence
n．信赖，依赖→depend
v．依靠；依赖
22．spacecraft
n.
航天器；宇宙飞船
23．spacewalk
n.
太空行走；太空行走的时间
24．jade
n.
玉；翡翠；玉器
25．dock
vi.&
vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……
进港
n.
码头；船坞
26．signal
vt.
&
vi.
标志着；标明；发信号
n.
信号；标志→sign
n.
迹象；
征兆；手势
v．签(名);
署(名)；打手势
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．carry
on继续做，坚持干
2．on
board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in
the
hope
of
doing
sth.抱着……的希望
4．so
as
to
(do
sth.)为了；以便
5．at
the
age
of在……岁时
6．graduate
from从……毕业
7．in
the
future在将来
8．go
up增长，上升；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
9．come
down下来，下降，倒塌
10．look
up抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
11．find
out弄清楚；查明
12．focus
on集中(注意力，精力等)
13．believe
in相信；信任
14．make
progress取得进步
15．in
a
short
time在很短时间内
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Before
the
mid?20th
century，most
people
felt
travelling
into
space
was
an
impossible
dream.
在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。
2．These
disasters
made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed，but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
3．Despite
the
difficulties，scientists
hope
future
discoveries
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began，but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们很好地活到未来。
1
determined
adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
[典型例句]
She
is
a
very
determined
woman.
她是个意志十分坚定的女人。
I
am
determined
to
find
out
who
is
responsible
for
this.
我决意要弄清楚谁该对此事负责任。
[思维拓展]
be
determined
to
do
sth.决心做某事(表状态)
determine
v．决定；确定；(使)下定决心
determine
to
do
sth.决心做某事(表动作)
determine
on/upon
(doing)
sth.决定(做)某事
determination
n．坚定；决心
The
travellers
determined
on
an
early
start.
旅行者们决定早出发。
We
determined
to
leave
at
once.
我们决定立即离开。
[即学即练]
一句多译
因为决心按时完成这项工作，他们立即着手工作。
(1)Because
they
were
determined
to
complete
the
job
on
time,
they
set
out
to
work
immediately.(原因状语从句)
(2)Determined
to
complete
the
job
on
time,
they
set
out
to
work
immediately.(形容词短语作状语)
2
[典型例句]
I'm
disappointed
in
you！How
could
you
have
lied
like
that?
你让我失望了！你怎么能像那样说谎呢？
We
are
all
disappointed
at
his
failure.
我们都为他的失败而感到失望。
He
was
disappointed
to
hear
the
news.
听到这消息他很失望。
[思维拓展]
be
disappointed
at/by
sth.对某事失望
be
disappointed
in/with
sb.对某人失望
be
disappointed
to
do
sth.因……感到失望
disappointing
adj.
令人失望的，扫兴的(强调主语的行为或某事令人失望)
disappoint
v.
使失望；使破灭，使落空
disappointment
n.
[U]失望，[C]令人失望的人/事
to
sb.'s
disappointment
令某人失望的是
[即学即练]
(1)The
disappointed
look
on
his
face
suggested
that
the
answer
was
really
disappointing.(disappoint)
(2)I
live
my
life
with
the
goal
of
never
having
to
say
those
words，because
they
convey
regrets，lost
opportunities，mistakes，and
disappointment
(disappoint)．
(3)What
disappoints
(disappoint)
me
is
that
she
leaves
me
to
finish
the
work
by
myself.
3
[典型例句]
All
the
people
desire
peace,
security
and
happiness.
所有人都渴望和平、安全和幸福。
She
desires
to
live
in
the
country.
她希望住在乡下。
He
has
a
strong
desire
for
success/to
succeed.
他急切渴望成功。
They
had
a
desire
that
I
(should)
attend
the
meeting.
他们希望我能参加会议。
What
do
you
desire
me
to
do?
你希望我做什么呢？
[思维拓展]
desire
sth.渴望得到某物
desire
to
do
sth.希望做某事
desire
sb.to
do
sth.希望某人做某事
desire
that期望……
have
a
desire
for渴望；希望得到
have
no
desire
for
sth.
对……没有欲望
have
a
strong
desire
to
do
sth.迫切想做某事
satisfy
one's
desires
满足某人的欲望/愿望
desirable
adj.值得拥有的，可取的，有利的
注意：当desire作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，且should可省略。
[即学即练]
(1)They
have
no
desire
to
learn
a
second
language.
他们不想学另一种语言。
(2)I
desire
to
go
to
a
famous
university.
我很想上一所名牌大学。
(3)Most
people
desire
for
a
lot
of
knowledge.
大多数人渴求更多的知识。
(4)The
couple
desired
their
son
to
_go
to
a
famous
university.
那对夫妻希望他们的儿子能上名牌大学。
(5)The
group
leader
desired
that
we
do
it
right
away.
那个组长希望我们现在就开始做那件事。
4
[典型例句]
Mozambique
became
independent
in
1975.
莫桑比克于1975年获得独立。
[思维拓展]
be
independent
from/of
sth.从……独立
be
independent
of
sb.
不依赖某人
independence
n．独立；自主
independence
from
sb./sth.从……独立
independently
adv.独立地；自主地
dependent
adj.依靠的；依赖的
dependence
n．信赖，依赖
depend
v．依靠，依赖
[即学即练]
Studying
alone
also
allows
me
to
develop
independent
(dependent)
thinking
which
is
a
very
important
skill
I
need
as
I
grow
older.
[典型例句]
He
signalled
to
the
waiter
for
the
bill.
他示意服务员结账。
He
signalled
her
to
stop
the
car.
他示意她停车。
Don't
start
yet—wait
for
me
to
give
the
signal.
先别开始——等我发信号。
A
red
light
is
usually
a
signal
for/of
danger.
红灯通常是危险的信号。
[思维拓展]
signal
to
sb.
向某人发信号/示意
signal
(to)
sb.
to
do
sth.
示意某人做某事
signal
with...用……发信号
[易混辨析]
signal,
symbol,
sign,
mark
易混词
区别
signal
指为某一目的而有意发出的信号
symbol
表示“象征”或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物
sign
指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指“征兆，迹象”
mark
既可指为方便辨认而有意做的“标记”，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征
[即学即练]
He
was
signaling
with
a
red
flag.
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．She
determined
to_work
(work)
twice
as
hard
as
before
to
make
up
for
the
lost
time.
2．She
has
the
determination
(determine)
to
overcome
all
the
difficulties
to
success.
3．He
was
disappointed
at
the
disappointing
news,
so
there
was
a
disappointed
look
on
his
face.(disappoint)
4．If
you
desire
to_improve
(improve)
your
English,
recite
some
10
sentences
every
day
or
learn
50
words
by
heart,
if
possible.
5．Only
in
this
way
can
they
grow
up
to
be
independent
(independence)
and
become
truly
successful.
1
[典型例句]
The
prices
of
houses
have
gone
up.
房价已上涨。
New
factories
are
going
up
everywhere.
到处在兴建新工厂。
The
whole
building
went
up
in
flames.
整幢楼在大火中被焚毁了。
[思维拓展]
go短语集锦：
go
about着手做；忙于
go
by时间流逝；经过
go
after追逐，追求
go
ahead进行，进展；做吧，干吧
go
along进展；继续
go
against反对；违背；不利于
go
out出去；熄灭
go
in
for参加；从事；喜欢
go
over检查；复习
go
back
to追溯到；回到
go
through仔细检查；经历苦难；通过
go
without勉强凑合，没有……也行
[即学即练]
(1)To
get
a
better
grade，you
should
go
over
the
notes
again
before
the
test.
(2)I
was
in
the
middle
of
packing
up
my
things
when
suddenly
the
power
went
out
in
the
neighborhood.
2
[典型例句]
She
looked
up
from
her
books
as
I
entered
the
room.
我进房间时，她放下书，抬起头来看了看。
If
there
are
words
you
do
not
understand，look
them
up
in
a
dictionary.
如果有不懂的单词就查字典。
[思维拓展]
look
after照料；照顾 look
ahead展望未来
look
around环顾；四下看
look
at看；检查
look
back
on回忆
look
down
upon/on瞧不起
look
into调查；审查
[即学即练]
(1)They
look
down
upon/on
this
kind
of
work.
(2)When
I
look
back
on
2014，I'm
proud
of
what
we
have
achieved.
3
[典型例句]
The
discussion
focused
on
three
main
problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
All
eyes
were
focused
on
the
speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
[思维拓展]
pay
attention
to注意
devote
oneself
to致力于
focus
n．[C，U]焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦
be
in/off
focus焦点对准/没有对准
go
out
of
focus不清楚；没在焦点上
come
into
focus清晰；在焦点上
bring
sth.
into
focus调好焦距；使事物变清楚
He
always
wants
to
be
the
focus
of
attention.
他总想成为被关注的焦点。
Focus
your
attention
on
your
work.
把注意力集中在你的工作上。
[即学即练]
The
public
attention
was
focused
on
the
problem.
4
[典型例句]
Do
you
believe
in
the
existence
of
the
soul?
你相信灵魂的存在吗？
I
don't
believe
in
these
diets.
我不相信这些节食方法。
Believe
in
yourself,
or
you'll
never
succeed.
相信自己，否则你永远不会成功。
[易混辨析]
believe
in,
believe
believe
in
常表示相信某物的存在、相信某物是好的或信任某人。
believe
常表示相信某人的话、相信某事等。
[即学即练]
Though
I
believe
in
him
all
the
time
because
of
his
honesty，I
don't
believe
what
he
said
just
now.
5
[典型例句]
They
carried
on
the
discussion.
他们继续讨论。
He
carried
on
peeling
the
potatoes.
他继续削土豆皮。
I
want
to
carry
on
with
my
course.
我想继续我的课程。
[巧学妙记]
on有“继续；不停”之意，类似的短语还有：go
on继续；hang
on坚持；hold
on别挂断；坚持下去；work
on继续工作。
[思维拓展]
carry
on
with＋sth./doing
sth.继续做某事(相当于go
on
with)
carry
off赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry
forward成功地进行
carry
over继续存在；延迟
carry
back运回；使回想起
carry
out实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)
carry
sth.
through
成功地完成某事
[即学即练]
(1)Carry
on
working/Go
on
with
your
work
while
I'm
away.
我不在的时候你要继续工作。
(2)They
decided
to
carry
on
in
spite
of
the
weather.
他们决定不管天气好坏都继续。
(3)Jane
carried
off
all
the
prizes.
简赢得了全部奖品。
6
[典型例句]
He
was
studying
in
the
hope
of
being
admitted
to
an
engineering
college.
他努力学习，希望能被一所工程学院录取。
This
question
must
be
brought
up
time
and
again
in
the
hope
of
attracting
universal
attention.
这个问题必须反复讲，以引起各方面的重视。
[思维拓展]
in
the
hope
that怀着……的希望；希望能……
with
the
hope
of带着……的希望
It
is
a
memory
function
of
clock
procedures
in
the
hope
that
we
all
support.
这是一个有记忆功能的闹钟程序，希望得到大家的支持。
He
put
a
lot
of
money
into
the
firm
with
the
hope
of
gain
in
the
future.
他在这家公司投资很多，希望以后获得利润。
[易混辨析]
with
the
hope
of带着……的希望，表示心理状态，心里有什么希望。
in
the
hope
of
doing
sth.抱着……的希望，表示做什么的目的，希望什么。
[即学即练]
(1)He
raised
his
hand
in
the
hope
of
being
asked.
(2)Her
spirits
were
high
with
the
hope
of
seeing
Nick
in
minutes
rather
than
hours.
7
[典型例句]
The
journalist
raised
his
hand
so
as
to
earn
a
chance
to
ask
the
question
to
the
spokesperson.
那名记者举手想获得向发言人提问的机会。
The
mother
covered
the
baby
so
as
to
protect
him
from
being
hurt.
母亲把婴儿盖起来为了保护他免受伤害。
[易混辨析]
so
as
to,
in
order
to,
in
order
that,
so
that,
so...as
to
so
as
to
常放在句中，不能放在句首。(否定形式：so
as
not
to)引导目的状语
in
order
to
可置于句中或句首，引导目的状语，意为“为了；以便”(否定形式：in
order
not
to)
in
order
that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等
so
that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等
引导结果状语从句，从句中不用情态动词
so...as
to
引导结果状语，意为“如此……以至于”(否定形式：so...as
not
to)
注意：当用
so
as
to或in
order
to时，句子前后动作的主语须一致。否则，用
so
that或in
order
that。
[即学即练]
(1)He
ran
quickly
so
as
to
(或in
order
to)
catch
the
last
bus.
他跑得很快以便赶上末班车。
(2)We
turned
on
the
light
so
that/in
order
that
we
might
see
what
it
was.
＝We
turned
on
the
light
so
as
to
see
what
it
was.
我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。
(3)She
is
so
angry
as
not
to
say
a
word
in
front
of
him.
她如此生气以至于在他面前说不出一句话。
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．The
price
of
homes
goes
up
and
people
find
it
difficult
to
buy
a
house
there.
2．When
I
came
in，he
was
focusing
on
his
novel
and
didn't
look
up.
3．This
meeting
focused
the
world's
attention
on
the
poverty
of
some
African
countries.
4．Believe
in
what
we
do
and
who
we
are
if
we
want
to
succeed.
5．After
a
rest，we
carried
on
picking
(pick)
apples.
6．He
is
going
to
the
bank
with
the
hope
of
borrowing
more
money
from
it.
7．All
these
gifts
must
be
mailed
immediately
so
as
to
be_received
(receive)
in
time
for
Christmas.
Before
the
mid?20th
century，most
people
felt
travelling
into
space
was
an
impossible
dream.?在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。
(1)句式分析：这是一个复合句。主句的主语是most
people，felt是谓语，后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，travelling
into
space是动名词作主语，was是系动词，an
impossible
dream是表语。
(2)动名词(短语)作主语的用法：
①直接放在句首作主语，谓语用单数形式
②用it作形式主语
③可以用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词作其逻辑主语
Watching
films
is
my
favorite
pastime.
看电影是我最喜欢的休闲活动。
It
is
nice
playing
chess
after
supper.
晚饭后下象棋很愉快。
Rose's
coming
late
makes
the
teacher
very
angry.
罗斯的迟到使老师很生气。
[即学即练]
It's
no
use
lying
(lie)
to
me.
I
won't
believe
you.
These
disasters
made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed，but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.?这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，These
disasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sad
and
disappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是the
desire，to
explore
the
universe是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
该结构的具体形式：
①make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。
③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。
④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。
⑤make
it＋宾补＋不定式(真正的宾语)。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
Every
day
my
parents
make
me
have
an
egg.＝Every
day
I
am
made
to
have
an
egg
by
my
parents.
我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
His
actions
made
him
universally
respected.
他的行为使他广受尊敬。
We
must
make
the
room
clean.
我们必须把房间打扫干净。
We
made
Tom
monitor.
我们让汤姆当班长。
The
heavy
rain
made
it
impossible
for
us
to
go
out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
[误区警示]
学习“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构需注意以下几点：
①能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；
②宾补若是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to则必须加上；
③如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。
[即学即练]
(1)He
made
himself
heard
(hear)
by
raising
his
voice.
(2)This
produced
a
chain
reaction，which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.
Despite
the
difficulties，scientists
hope
future
discoveries
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began，but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.?尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是scientists，hope是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中使用了not
only...but
also...。
(2)not
only...but
(also)．..表示“不但……而且……”。该结构用法说明：
①语法功能：连接平行结构——名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介宾短语、句子等
②主谓一致：它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but
(also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。有类似用法的词(组)还有or，either...or...，neither...nor...等
③倒装：not
only...but
(also)．..连接并列分句，且not
only位于句首时，not
only所在的分句须部分倒装，but
(also)所在的分句不倒装
Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
was
against
the
plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
He
not
only
read
the
book，but
also
remembered
what
he
had
read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
Not
only
does
the
sun
give
us
light
but
also
it
gives
us
heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
[即学即练]
Not
only
he
but
also
I
am
(be)
fond
of
playing
the
piano.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．Kicking
(kick)
a
wet
football
can
hurt
your
foot
if
you
are
not
careful.
2．The
teacher
raised
his
voice
so
that
he
could
made
himself
heard
(hear)．
3．Not
only
his
parents
but
also
his
brother
has_gone
(go)
to
the
Summer
Palace，they
haven't
been
back
yet.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Liu
Yang,
a
woman
Chinese
astronaut
(宇航员),
did
some
scientific
experiments
in
the
spaceship.
2．Police
insist
that
Michael
did
not
follow
the
correct
procedure
(程序)
in
applying
for
a
visa.
3．Most
of
his
best?known
works
were
produced
during
his
final
two
years,
when
he
was
suffering
from
serious
mental
(精神的)
illness.
4．Nick
is
good,
kind,
hard?working
and
intelligent
(聪明的);
in
a
word,
I
can't
speak
too
highly
of
him.
5．We
hope
the
space
rocket
(火箭)
will
land
safely
on
Mars.
6．When
we
get
closer
to
the
moon,
we
shall
feel
its
gravity
(引力)
pulling
us.
7．The
size
of
the
chicken
pieces
will
determine
(决定)
the
cooking
time.
8．The
satellite
(卫星)
moves
around
the
Earth
once
every
hundred
minutes.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．She
gave
me
a
determined
(determine)
look—the
kind
of
look
that
said
she
would
never
change
her
mind.
2．When
things
go
wrong,
all
of
us
naturally
feel
disappointed
(disappoint)
and
frustrated.
3．Hearing
the
disappointing
(disappoint)
news,
he
was
too
sad
to
control
himself.
4．Everyone
has
a
desire
for
success,
but
not
everyone
desires
to
get
rich.
5．Eventually
your
child
will
leave
home
to
lead
her
own
life
as
a
fully
independent
(dependent)
adult.
6．I've
got
to
go
over
my
notes
for
tomorrow's
exam.
7．Jack
is
the
right
person
you
can
rely
on
to
carry
on
the
research
when
you
are
on
vacation
for
the
next
two
weeks.
8．In
the
hope
of
saving
others
some
time,
I
am
listing
a
few
of
the
problems
I
found.
9．The
government
put
up
the
price
of
cigarettes
so
as
to_stop
(stop)
people
buying
them.
10．Mastering
the
technology
makes
it
possible
for
us
to
use
the
Internet
more
effectively.
PAGE
