Unit
2
Wildlife
protection
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
——现在进行时的被动语态——
一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构
肯定结构
be
(am/is/are)
being
done
否定结构
be
(am/is/are)＋not＋being
done
一般疑问结构
be
(am/is/are)＋主语＋being
done
特殊疑问结构
特殊疑问词＋be
(am/is/are)＋主语＋being
done
A
new
library
is
being
built
now.
一座新图书馆正在被修建。
Some
disabled
children
are
not
being
looked
after
well
enough.
目前一些残疾儿童没有受到足够好的照顾。
Is
the
bridge
being
repaired
now?
现在那座桥在修吗？
What
is
being
done
on
the
new
medicine?
目前正在针对这种新药物做什么？
How
many
bridges
are
being
built
in
the
town?
在这个镇里在建的桥有多少？
二、现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法
1．表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与now，look等词连用。
She
is
being
examined
by
the
doctor
now.
现在她正在被医生检查。
2．表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。
The
life
of
the
panda
is
being
studied
at
present.
现在正在研究大熊猫的生活习性。
3．表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。
Some
rock
music
is
being
played
by
them
next.
下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
4．表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always，forever，continually，constantly等词连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感彩。
Tom
is
always
being
praised
by
the
teacher.
汤姆总是受到老师的表扬。
三、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1．在现在进行时的被动语态中，be
(am/is/are)为第一助动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。
My
computer
is
being
repaired
now.
我的电脑现在正在被修理。(强调正在被进行)
2．像take
care
of，look
after，talk
about，think
of等动词与介词构成的短语动词用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。
Something
is
being
talked
about
among
those
people.
那些人正谈论着某件事情。
3．“be
(am/is/are)＋under/in＋n.”有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。
The
school
is
still
under
construction
now.
＝The
school
is
being
built
now.
学校现在正在建设中。
The
new
law
is
in
use.
＝The
new
law
is
being
used.
这项新法律正被使用。
4．有些动词进行时的主动形式就可以表示被动的意思，常见的这些动词有：print，cook，fry，bake，burn，hang等。
The
house
is
burning.
房子着火了。
The
meat
is
cooking.
正在煮肉。
5．有些表“状态、心理活动、情感”等的动词，常用一般现在时的被动语态表示“正在进行”。
You
are
wanted
on
the
phone.
有人打电话找你。
MP3
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular.In
other
words，it
is
loved
by
more
and
more
people.
MP3越来越受欢迎，换句话说，它越来越受人们的喜爱。
把下面的句子改成被动语态(每空一词)
1．The
government
is
making
great
efforts
to
improve
the
living
conditions
of
people.
→Great
efforts
are
being
made
to
improve
the
living
conditions
of
people
by
the
government.
2．The
farmers
are
cutting
down
the
jungles
in
this
area
so
quickly
that
the
wild
animals
may
lose
their
homes
in
the
near
future.
→The
jungles
in
this
area
are
being
cut
down
by
the
farmers
so
quickly
that
the
wild
animals
may
lose
their
homes
in
the
near
future.
3．People
are
hunting
too
many
animals
these
years
in
some
places.
→Too
many
animals
are
being
hunted
by
people
these
years
in
some
places.
4．The
teacher
is
correcting
the
papers
in
her
office.
→The
papers
are
being
corrected
by
the
teacher
in
her
office.
5．Our
headmaster
is
preparing
a
speech
now.
→A
speech
is
being
prepared
by
our
headmaster
now.
6．The
family
are
building
a
new
house
over
there.
→A
new
house
is
being
built
by
the
family
over
there.
7．The
doctors
are
operating
on
his
left
leg.
→His
left
leg
is
being
operated
on
by
the
doctors.
8．The
farmers
are
harvesting
crops
in
the
field
with
their
faces
covered
with
sweat.
→The
crops
in
the
field
are
being
harvested
by
the
farmers
with
their
faces
covered
with
sweat.
9．They
are
discussing
whether
they
will
go
for
a
picnic
tomorrow.
→Whether
they
will
go
for
a
picnic
tomorrow
is
being
discussed
by
them.
10．The
government
is
protecting
the
tigers
in
the
newly?built
reserve.
→These
tigers
are
being
protected
in
the
newly?built
reserve
by
the
government.
PAGEUnit
2
Wildlife
protection
Section
Ⅳ 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．hunt
vt.&vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕
hunt
for
搜寻；搜捕
hunt
down
追捕；捉住
hunter
n．猎人
2．alarm
vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心
n．恐慌；警报；警报器
be
alarmed
by/at
sth.
因……而惊恐/害怕
alarm
sb.
to
do...
惊得某人做……
in
alarm
惊恐地(常作方式状语)
raise/sound
the
alarm
发出警报
3．rate
n．速度；(比)率
vt.划分等级
rating
n．等级；级别
at
a
rate
of...以……的速度
at
any
rate无论如何；不管怎样
at
this
rate照这样发展下去
4.aware
adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的
be/become
aware
of对……知道、明白；意识到
be
aware
that/wh?clause察觉到；意识到
as
far
as
I'm
aware据我所知
make
sb.
aware
that...提醒某人注意……
make
sb.
aware
of...使某人注意到……
awareness
n．意识，明白
develop
an
awareness
of逐渐懂得
lack
of
awareness缺乏认识
5．average
n．平均数；平均水平
adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
an
average
of平均有(后跟数词)
with
the/an
average
of平均为
on
(the/an)
average平均地；在一般情况下
above/below
(the)
average高于/低于平均数/水平
up
to
the
average达到平均水平
6．concern
vt.涉及；让……担忧
concern
oneself
with/about
关心；担心
be
concerned
about/for
关心；担心
be
concerned
with
与……有关
as
far
as
I'm
concerned
就我而言
show
concern
for
sb.
关心某人
concern
n．关心；担心；与……相关
show/express
one's
concern
about/for对……表示关心/担心
concerning
prep.关于；就……而言
7．adapt
vi.适应
vt.使适应；使适合
adapt
for使适合于；为……改编/改写
adapt
from根据……改写/改编
adapt
oneself
to使适应或习惯于……
adapt
sth.
to使某事物适应或适合……
adaptable
adj.能适应的；可修改的
adaptation
n．改编；改造；改写
adapt
to适应
8．measure
n．措施；方法
vt.测量；度量；估量
be
measured
by/in用……来衡量
make
...to
one's
measure按某人的尺寸做……
take
measures
(to
do
sth.)采取措施(做某事)
9．reserve
n．(动植物)保护区；储藏(量)
vt.预订；预留；保留
reserve
sth.
for
sb.为某人预订某物
reserve
one's
opinion/judgement保留自己的意见
10．observe
vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守
observe
sb.观察到某人
observation
n．[C，U]观察；观测
observance
n．[U](对法律、习俗的)遵守
observer
n．[C]观察者；观测者
11．remind
vt.提醒；使想起
remind
sb.
of...使某人想起……
remind
sb.
to
do...提醒某人做……
remind
sb.
that/wh?从句
提醒某人……
12．shoot
vt.&vi.射杀；射伤；发射
shot
n．射击；枪炮声
13．attack
n．，vi.&vt.攻击；抨击
attack
sb.
with
sth.
用某物攻击/袭击某人
attack
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
因某事打击/责难某人
under
attack
遭受攻击
be
attacked
with
a
disease患病
make
an
attack
on/upon...对……发动进攻
heart
attack
n．心脏病发作
14．recover
vi.恢复；康复
vt.找回；寻回
recover
from从……中恢复过来
recover
oneself
静下心来
recover
one's
eyesight恢复视力
recover
consciousness/strength
恢复意识/体力
recover
sth.
(from...)
(从……)找回某物
recovery
n.
恢复；痊愈；回升；取回
recoverable
adj.
可恢复的，可痊愈的；可取回的
15．remove
vt.去除；移开；脱去
remove
sth.
from
sth.从……搬走/除去某物
remove
from...to...从……搬到……
remove
sb.from
school开除某人，勒令某人退学
removal
n．移植；解除；搬迁；免职
16．intend
vi.&vt.打算；计划；想要
intend＋n.打算……，想要……
intend
to
do/doing
sth.打算/计划做某事
intend＋that从句 打算/计划
intend
sb.
to
do
sth.打算让某人做某事
intend
sb.
for...要使某人成为……
intended
adj.有意的；有计划的
intended
target/destination预期的目标/目的地
be
intended
for为……而设计/打算的
It
is
intended
that...按计划……
intention
n．打算
have
no
intention
of
doing
sth.没打算做……
with
the
intention
of
doing
sth.打算做……
17．exist
vi.存在；生存
exist
in存在于……之中
exist
on＝live
on靠……生存；靠……生活
There
exist(s)
...有/存在……
existence
n．存在；生存；生活
in
existence现存的；存在的
come
into
existence/being产生；存在
existing
adj.现存的；存在的
18．reduce
vt.减少
reduce
sth.
to...(数量等)减少到……
reduce
sth.
by...(数量等)减少了……
be
reduced
to
(doing)沦落为……；陷入某种状态
rise/increase
reduction
n．[C，U]减少；缩小
19．unusual
adj.特别的；不寻常的
unusually
adv.特别地；不寻常的
usual
adj.通常的；寻常的；惯常的
as
usual像平常一样
usually
adv.通常地；正常地；经常地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．on
earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
on
earth
(用于包含形容词最高级的名词短语后表示强调)世界上；人世间
on
the
earth在地球上
2．die
out灭亡；逐渐消失
die
away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱；渐渐消失
die
down
逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
die
off
相继死去；先后死去
3．make
progress取得进步
make
progress
in
在……方面取得进步(进展)
4．in
danger
(of)在危险中；垂危
out
of
danger
脱离危险
in
trouble
处于麻烦之中
5．in
front
(of)在……前面；在……面前
in
the
front
(of)在……内的前面
6．make
out看清；听清；分清
make
for朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于
make
up组成；编造；化妆；占据
make
up
one's
mind下决心，决定
make
up
for弥补；补偿
be
made
up
of由……组成
make
sense有意义，讲得通
make
up编造(说法、解释等)，虚构；组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；和好；整理
7．watch
over保护；照管；监督
watch
out
(＝look
out)当心；提防
watch
for
sb./sth.观察等待
keep
a
watch
on监视
under
the
close
watch在严密的监视下
8．right
now立刻；马上
表示“立刻，马上”的词(组)：
at
once right
away
straight
away
without
delay
in
no
time
in
a
minute
immediately
instantly
9．due
to由于；因为
due
to“因为；归功于”，在句中作表语或状语
owing
to“因为；归功于”，是较正式的说法，常作状语
because
of“因为”，是较口语化的说法，在句中作状语
thanks
to“多亏，幸亏”，多表示正面意义，有时也表示讽刺意义，作状语
10．search
for搜索；查找
in
search
of＝in
one's
search
for寻找；搜寻
search...for...在……里面/身上搜寻
search
for＝look
for＝hunt
for寻找
search
out找出某人或某物
search
through把……仔细搜寻一遍
make
a
search
for...搜查，搜寻
11．care
for喜欢；想要；照料；重视
take
care
小心；注意
take
care
to
do/not
to
do/that...
注意做/不做/……
take
care
of
照料；注意；负责处理
take...into
care
代为照顾(小孩等)
12．put
out把……摆好，预备好；熄灭，扑灭；出版；公布
put
aside把……放在一边，储存钱备用
put
away把……收起；放好
put
back把……放回原处；使……恢复原状
put
down写下；记下；放下
put
forward把……提前；提出
put
off推迟；延期
put
on穿上；戴上
put
up张贴；举起；抬高；住宿
put
up
with容忍；忍受
13．pay
attention
to注意
catch/attract
sb.'s
attention
引起某人的注意
draw/call
attention
to
sth.
使某人关注某事
turn
one's
attention
to
将注意力转向……
14．carry
out履行；实施；执行；落实
carry
on继续做；坚持干
carry
through帮……渡过难关
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．To
our
left，snow?covered
mountains
disappear
into
clouds
that
seem
almost
close
enough
to
touch.
在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的群山消失在似乎近在咫尺、触手可及的云层中。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是snow?covered
mountains
disappear
into
clouds，that
seem
almost
close
enough
to
touch是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词clouds，that在定语从句中作主语。
2．This
is
why
we're
here—to
observe
Tibetan
antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
句中包含了why引导的表语从句。
3．Watching
them
move
slowly
across
the
green
grass，I'm
struck
by
their
beauty.
看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。
本句中Watching
them
move
slowly
across
the
green
grass是现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于When
I
am
watching
them...。
4．“We're
not
trying
to
save
the
animals，”he
says.“Actually，we're
trying
to
save
ourselves.”
“我们不是在试图拯救动物，”他说。“事实上，我们是在拯救自己。”
句中try
to
do
sth.意为“设法做某事”。
5．Their
habitats
were
becoming
smaller
as
new
roads
and
railways
were
built.
随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是Their
habitats
were
becoming
smaller，as
new
roads
and
railways
were
built是as引导的时间状语从句。
6．Zhaxi
and
other
volunteers
watched
over
the
antelopes
day
and
night
to
keep
them
safe
from
attacks.
扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护着这些羚羊，以确保它们不被猎食。
本句是简单句。to
keep
them
safe
from
attacks是不定式短语作目的状语。
7．The
government，however，does
not
intend
to
stop
the
protection
programmes，since
the
threats
to
the
Tibetan
antelope
have
not
yet
disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是The
government，however，does
not
intend
to
stop
the
protection
programmes，后面是since引导的原因状语从句。
8．Only
when
we
learn
to
exist
in
harmony
with
nature
can
we
stop
being
a
threat
to
wildlife
and
to
our
planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
本句是倒装句。正常语序是：We
can
stop
being
a
threat
to
wildlife
and
to
our
planet
only
when
we
learn
to
exist
in
harmony
with
nature.
9．When
it
comes
to
wildlife
protection，all
species—the
good，the
bad，and
the
ugly—should
be
treated
equally.
当涉及野生动物保护时，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑陋的——都应该被平等对待。
本句是主从复合句。When
it
comes
to
wildlife
protection是when引导的时间状语从句，后面是主句。
10．Every
tree
that
is
cut
down
is
a
part
of
the
habitat
of
animals
such
as
these
koalas.
每一棵被砍伐的树都是考拉等动物的栖息地的一部分。
本句是主从复合句。that
is
cut
down是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Every
tree，that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
11．Is
it
right
to
make
animals
homeless
so
that
humans
can
have
more
paper?
让动物无家可归，以此让人类有更多的纸，这样做对吗？
本句是主从复合句。主句是Is
it
right
to
make
animals
homeless，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to
make
animals
homeless；后面是so
that引导的目的状语从句。
写作技巧点拨
海报
【题目要求】
假如你是你们学校的学生会主席。请根据以下信息，为你校将要举办的一场篮球友谊赛写一则英语海报。
参赛球队：来自美国的约克篮球队和本校校队；
比赛时间：11月24日下午；
比赛地点：学校体育馆；
赛后幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
一、构思谋篇
二、关键词语
一个篮球迷
a
basketball
fan
一场篮球友谊赛
a
friendly
basketball
match
在……之间
between...and...
紧张而刺激
tense
and
exciting
作为纪念品
as
a
souvenir
三、连词成句
1．约克队和我们校队之间将要进行一场篮球友谊赛。
There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
York
Basketball
Team
and
our
school
team.
2．两队之间的比赛将会紧张而刺激。
The
competition
between
the
two
teams
will
be
tense
and
exciting.
3．最幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。
The
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
四、连句成篇
Friendly
Basketball
Match
Are
you
a
basketball
fan?
①Good
news
for
you.
②There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
York
Basketball
Team,
③which
is
from
America,
and
our
school
team.
This
basketball
match
will
be
held
in
our
school
gym
on
the
afternoon
of
November
24.
④It
is
expected
that
the
competition
between
the
two
teams
will
be
tense
and
exciting.
The
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
⑤Maybe
it's
you!
All
of
you
are
welcome
to
the
match.
The
Students'
Union
亮点点评
亮点一：本篇海报格式正确、语言简洁。要点表达准确而完整，完全符合海报的写作要求。
亮点二：文章中多处用到了较高级的复杂结构，充分显示了作者对语言超强的驾驭能力。例如，②是一个使用将来时态的
there
be
句型；③是一个非限制性定语从句；④中则用
it
作形式主语，that
来引导主语从句。
亮点三：一些简洁凝练的语句的使用，显示出作者丰富的知识储备，也给这篇海报增添了很大亮点。例如，①Good
news
for
you.和⑤Maybe
it's
you！能够马上吸引读者的注意力，从而达到发布海报的目的。
PAGEUNIT
2 WILDLIFE
PROTECTION
藏羚羊
The
Qinghai?Tibet
Railway,
stretching
in
the
Qinghai?Tibet
Plateau
(青藏高原),
is
the
longest
railroad
in
the
world
at
the
highest
altitude.Starting
from
Xining
in
Qinghai
and
ending
in
Lhasa
in
Tibet，this
railway
runs
for
1,956
km.
The
Qinghai?Tibet
Plateau
is
one
of
three
areas
in
China
with
the
most
fragile
ecological
environment.With
an
average
elevation
of
over
4,600
meters,
it
is
home
to
Tibetan
antelopes
(藏羚羊),
yaks,
white?lipped
deer,
snow
leopards
and
black?necked
cranes,
all
of
which
are
under
first?level
state
protection.
Based
on
close
studies
of
the
animals'
regular
habitats
and
patterns
of
procreation
(繁殖)
and
migration,
33
passages
have
been
opened
for
the
seasonal
migrations
of
the
animals.
The
Tibetan
antelope
is
listed
in
the
IUCN
(国际自然与自然资源保护联合会)
Red
List
as
a
threatened
species.Hoh
Xil
Nature
Reserve
is
one
of
the
nature
reserves
which
were
set
up
by
the
central
government
to
protect
these
antelopes.Each
year,
Tibetan
antelopes
migrate
to
the
northern
area
with
a
cooler
climate
and
rich
water
and
grass
resources
to
lamb
in
June－July
and
return
with
their
offspring
in
August.The
Qinghai?Tibet
Railway
lies
right
in
their
path.In
June,
2002,
in
order
to
let
some
30,000
future
mother
antelopes
pass
the
construction
site
without
disturbance,
the
workers
shut
down
their
machines
and
pulled
down
their
sign
boards
and
sign
flags.They
stopped
working
for
four
days
to
make
way
for
them.In
August,
when
these
Tibetan
antelopes
returned
with
their
children,
they
stopped
working
once
again.Moreover,
the
builders
did
their
best
to
reduce
noise
in
areas
close
to
nature
reserves.
So
far,
the
number
of
Tibetan
antelopes
in
China
has
climbed
to
over
80,000.
开启快乐学习之旅
藏羚羊：体长135厘米，肩高80厘米，体重45～60千克，雌性略小。头形宽长，吻部粗壮，鼻部宽阔略隆起。雄性具黑色长角。
藏羚羊栖息于海拔3
700～5
500米的高山草原、草甸和高寒荒漠地带，早晚觅食，善奔跑。可结成上万只的大群。夏季雌性沿固定路线向北迁徙。由于常年处于低于零度的环境，通体被厚密绒毛，为中国一级保护动物，已成立羌塘、可可西里、三江源等自然保护区。藏羚羊主要分布于中国以羌塘为中心的青藏高原地区(青海、西藏、新疆)，少量见于印度拉达克地区。
2008年北京奥运会吉祥物中的福娃迎迎便是以藏羚羊为蓝本，以赞扬其能在严酷环境生存的顽强生命力，表示挑战极限的精神，更以“羊”字谐音意喻“喜气洋洋”。
模块核心素养导航
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．poster
n．海报
2．illegal
adj.不合法的；非法的→illegally
adv.不合法地；非法地
3．hunt
vt.&
vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕→hunter
n．猎人
4．immediately
adv.立刻→immediate
adj.立即的；即刻的→immediately
conj.一……就……
5．species
n．物种
6．shark
n．鲨鱼
7．alarming
adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→alarm
vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心
n．恐慌；警报；警报器
8．rate
n．速度；(比)率
vt.划分等级→rating
n．等级；级别
9．extinct
adj.已灭绝的→extinction
n．灭绝
10．mass
adj.大量的；广泛的
n．大量；堆；群
11．habitat
n．(动植物的)生活环境；栖息地→habitation
n．居住；住处；住所；聚居地
12．aware
adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的→awareness
n．意识；认识；感悟能力
13．average
n．平均数；平均水平
adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
14．concern
vt.涉及；让……担忧→concerned
adj.担心的；关切的→concerning
prep.关于；就……而言
15．living
adj.居住的；活的；在用的
n．生活；生计→live
v．住；居住；生存；活着
adj.活的；现场直播的；实况转播的；现场演出的→alive
adj.活着的；
在世的；
16．adapt
vi.适应
vt.使适应；使适合→adaptable
adj.能适应的；可修改的→adaptation
n．适应；改编；改写本
17．measure
n．措施；方法
vt.测量；度量；估量→measurement
n．测量；度量；(某物的)尺寸，长度，数量
18．authority
n．官方；当权；权威
19．pressure
n．压力；要求→
press
vi.&
vt.按；压；逼迫
n．按；压；印刷；新闻
20．whale
n．鲸
21．reserve
n．(动植物)保护区；储藏(量)
vt.预订；预留；保留
22．plain
n．平原
adj.简单明了的；直率的；平凡的→plainly
adv.清晰地；明显地；简朴地
23．observe
n．观察(到)；注视；遵守→observer
n．观察者→observation
n．观察；监视→observatory
n．观察台
24．beauty
n．美；美人；美好的东西→beautiful
adj.美丽的；漂亮的→beautifully
adv.美丽地；漂亮地
25．remind
vt.提醒；使想起→reminder
n．引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物；
26．shoot
vt.&
vi.射杀；射伤；发射→shot
n．射击；枪声→shooting
n．摄影
27．profit
n．利润；利益
28．attack
n．，vi.&vt.攻击；抨击
29．effective
adj.有效的；生效的→effect
n．效应；影响；结果
30．recover
vi.恢复；康复
vt.找回；寻回→recovery
n．恢复，复原；复得
31．remove
vt.去除；移开；脱去→removal
n．移植；解除；搬迁；免职
32．intend
vi.&
vt.打算；计划；想要→intention
n．打算；目的；意图→intentional
adj.故意的
33．threat
n．威胁→threaten
vt.威胁；危及
34．exist
vi.存在；生存→existence
n．存在→existing
adj.现存的；存在的
35．harmony
n．和谐；融洽→harmonious
adj.融洽的；和谐的
36．goods
n．商品；货物
37．creature
n．生物；动物
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．on
earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
2．die
out
灭亡；逐渐消失
3．aware
of
意识到；知道
4．make
progress取得进步
5．on
average平均
6．be
concerned
about
对……关切的；为……担忧的
7．adapt
to
适应
8．under
pressure在压力下；承受压力
9．make
out
看清；听清；分清
10．remind
sb.
of
sb./sth.
使某人想起(类似的人或物)
11．watch
over
保护；照管；监督
12．day
and
night日日夜夜；夜以继日
13．in
danger
of处于……危险中
14．take
measures
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事
15．in
front
of在……的前面
16．try
to
do
sth.设法做某事
17．more
than
超过；多于
18．in
harmony
with
与……协调/和谐
19．as
long
as只要
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．To
our
left，snow?covered
mountains
disappear
into
clouds
that
seem
almost
close
enough
to
touch.
在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的群山消失在似乎近在咫尺、触手可及的云层中。
2．This
_is
why
we're
here—to
observe
Tibetan
antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
3．Watching
them
move
slowly
across
the
green
grass，I'm
struck
by
their
beauty.
看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。
4．“We're
not
trying
to
save
the
animals，”he
says.“Actually，we're
trying
to
save
ourselves.”
“我们不是在试图拯救动物，”他说。“事实上，我们是在拯救自己。”
5．Their
habitats
were
becoming
smaller
as
new
roads
and
railways
were
built.
随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。
6．Zhaxi
and
other
volunteers
watched
over
the
antelopes
day
and
night
to
keep
them
safe
from
attacks.
扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护着这些羚羊，以确保它们不被猎食。
7．The
government，however，does
not
intend
to
stop
the
protection
programmes，since
the
threats
to
the
Tibetan
antelope
have
not
yet
disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
8．Only
when
we
learn
to
exist
in
harmony
with
nature
can
we
stop
being
a
threat
to
wildlife
and
to
our
planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
1
hunt
vt.&
vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕
[典型例句]
These
animals
are
not
for
hunting;
they
are
protected.
这些动物不是用来猎杀的，它们是受到保护的。
I've
hunted
everywhere
but
I
can't
find
it.
我到处都找了，就是找不到。
[思维拓展]
hunt
for
搜寻；搜捕
hunt
down
追捕；捉住
hunter
n．猎人
[即学即练]
Detectives(侦探)
have
been
hunting
(hunt)
him
for
seven
months.
2
[典型例句]
I
don't
want
to
alarm
you,
but
there's
a
strange
man.
我不想吓着你，不过有个生人。
Environmentalists
are
alarmed
by
the
dramatic
increase
in
pollution.
污染的急剧加重令环保主义者害怕。
He
jumped
up
in
alarm.
他惊恐地跳了起来。
He
decided
to
sound
the
alarm.
他决定发出警报。
[思维拓展]
[巧学妙记]
She
was
alarmed
at
the
sudden
alarm.
突如其来的警报让她害怕。
[即学即练]
The
guard
sounded
(sound)
the
alarm
as
soon
as
he
heard
the
steps.
3
[典型例句]
The
death
rate
of
babies
is
falling.
婴儿的死亡率正在下降。
The
car
is
running
at
a
steady
rate.
汽车正在以稳定的速度行驶。
The
schools
were
rated
according
to
their
exam
results.
这些学校是按考试成绩排名次的。
[思维拓展]
rating
n．等级；级别
at
a
rate
of...以……的速度
at
any
rate无论如何；不管怎样
at
this
rate照这样发展下去
[即学即练]
The
wild
animals
are
dying
out
at
a
fast
rate.
4
[典型例句]
The
children
were
aware
of
the
harm
of
taking
drugs.
孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害。
Most
people
are
aware
of
the
dangers
of
drunk
driving.
大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。
[思维拓展]
be/become
aware
of对……知道、明白；意识到
be
aware
that/wh?clause察觉到；意识到
as
far
as
I'm
aware据我所知
make
sb.
aware
that...提醒某人注意……
make
sb.
aware
of...使某人注意到……
awareness
n．意识，明白
develop
an
awareness
of逐渐懂得
lack
of
awareness缺乏认识
[即学即练]
Many
people
lack
the
awareness
(aware)
of
wildlife
protection,
resulting
in
hunting
the
animals
illegally.
5
average
n.平均数；平均水平
adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
[典型例句]
His
average
income
is
ten
pounds
a
week.
他的平均收入为一星期十英镑。
Perhaps
you
are
a
student
of
average
intelligence.
你可能是一个智力一般的学生。
[思维拓展]
an
average
of平均有(后跟数词)
with
the/an
average
of平均为
on
(the/an)
average平均地；在一般情况下
above/below
(the)
average高于/低于平均数/水平
up
to
the
average达到平均水平
[易混辨析]
average/common/ordinary/general/normal与usual
average
强调“平均的”。
common
强调“常见的，普通的”。
ordinary
强调“平常的，平淡无奇的”。
general
意为“普遍的，一般的”。
normal
形容人或者物符合常态或者常规，意为“正常的”。
usual
用来指事物，意为“通常的，惯常的”，含有“随风俗或者习惯而常常发生”之意，反义词为unusual。
Colds
are
common
in
winter.
感冒在冬天很常见。
His
ordinary
supper
consists
of
only
bread
and
milk.
他平常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
This
book
is
intended
for
the
general
reader，not
for
the
specialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。
Her
temperature
is
normal.
她的体温正常。
He
came
home
later
than
usual.
他回家比平时晚了些。
[即学即练]
The
temperature
here
in
summer
is
twenty
centigrade
on
average.
6
[典型例句]
She
concerns
herself
about
her
son's
future.(＝She
is
concerned
about
her
son's
future.)
她为儿子的将来担心。
[思维拓展]
concern
oneself
with/about
关心；担心
be
concerned
about/for
关心；担心
be
concerned
with
与……有关
as
far
as
I'm
concerned
就我而言
show
concern
for
sb.
关心某人
concern
n．关心；担心；与……相关
show/express
one's
concern
about/for对……表示关心/担心
concerning
prep.关于；就……而言
There
is
growing
concern
about
violence
on
television.
人们对电视上的暴力内容日渐忧虑。
The
concerned
parents
are
full
of
concern
about
the
matter
which
may
concern
their
child.忧心忡忡的家长非常担心那件事情可能会涉及他们的孩子。
[方法点拨]
concerning介词，“有关；关于”；concerned意为“有关的，相关的”，常作后置定语。
[即学即练]
I'm
concerned
(concern)
about
my
mother's
health.
7
[典型例句]
She
adapted
herself
quickly
to
the
new
climate.
她很快适应了这种新气候。
It's
hard
to
adapt
this
novel
for
the
film.
要将这小说改编为电影很困难。
[思维拓展]
adapt
for使适合于；为……改编/改写
adapt
from根据……改写/改编
adapt
oneself
to使适应或习惯于……
adapt
sth.
to使某事物适应或适合……
adaptable
adj.能适应的；可修改的
adaptation
n．改编；改造；改写
adapt
to适应
[方法点拨]
adapt和adopt词形相近，但adopt意为“收养，采纳”，注意拼写不同。
[即学即练]
Adapted
(adapt)
from
J．K.Rowling's
book
series
of
the
same
title,
the
“Harry
Potter”
movies
are
universally
acknowledged
as
classics.
8
[典型例句]
He
measured
the
length
of
the
room.
他量了房间的长度。
The
rope
measures
10
metres
long.
这根绳子有10米长。
We
should
take
some
measures
to
help
the
poor.
我们应该采取一些措施来帮助穷人。
[思维拓展]
be
measured
by/in用……来衡量
make
...to
one's
measure按某人的尺寸做……
take
measures
(to
do
sth.)采取措施(做某事)
[即学即练]
The
government
has
taken
measures
(measure)
to
bring
down
the
high
prices
of
daily
goods
to
keep
the
market
stable.
9
[典型例句]
There
are
a
lot
of
nature
reserves
in
this
vast
area.
在这一广袤的地区有许多自然保护区。
The
city's
reserve
of
water
is
low.
该市的贮水量不大。
I'd
like
to
reserve
a
table
for
three
for
eight
o'clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
He
still
reserved
his
opinions
on
some
points.
在一些问题上，他仍然保留自己的意见。
These
seats
are
reserved
for
special
guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
[思维拓展]
reserve
sth.
for
sb.为某人预订某物
reserve
one's
opinion/judgement保留自己的意见
[即学即练]
A
double
room
with
a
balcony
overlooking
the
sea
had
been
reserved
(reserve)
for
him.
10
[典型例句]
I
felt
he
was
observing
everything
I
did.
我觉得他正观察我做的每一件事。
The
police
observed
that
the
driver
did
not
observe
the
traffic
rules.
警察注意到那个司机没有遵守交通规则。
[思维拓展]
observe
sb.观察到某人
observation
n．[C，U]观察；观测
observance
n．[U](对法律、习俗的)遵守
observer
n．[C]观察者；观测者
[易混辨析]
observe,
watch,
notice,
see与look
observe强调“留心观察”。
watch表示“观看，欣赏”或“监视”，一般被看的对象应处于运动状态。
notice表示“偶然看到”，其内涵是“看到对象后要做出反应”。如：看到熟人常常打个招呼，看到一件事后在脑中进行判断。
see表示“看到，看见；发觉，发现”，侧重于结果，它不用于祈使句。
look主要表示“看”的动作，不表示结果。
[即学即练]
We
observed
him
hanging
(hang)
around
our
house.
11
[典型例句]
That
song
always
reminds
me
of
our
first
date.
那首歌总使我回忆起我们的第一次约会。
What
you've
just
said
reminds
me
that
I
must
get
some
cash.
你刚才的话提醒了我，我得带上一些现金。
This
story
reminds
me
of
my
childhood.
这个故事让我想起了我的童年。
I
reminded
Gerald
of
his
promise.
我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。
Please
remind
me
to
write
to
my
mother
tomorrow.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
[思维拓展]
remind
sb.
of...使某人想起……
remind
sb.
to
do...提醒某人做……
remind
sb.
that/wh?从句
提醒某人……
[即学即练]
(1)I
love
this
part
because
it
reminds
me
of
why
I
fell
in
love
with
Pirates
of
the
Caribbean
in
the
first
place.
(2)Passengers
are_reminded
(remind)
that
no
smoking
is
allowed
on
this
train.
12
shoot
vt.&vi.射杀；射伤；发射
[典型例句]
Three
robbers
were
shot
dead.
三个抢劫者被射死了。
The
murderer
was
shot
in
the
back
while
trying
to
escape.
凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。
[思维拓展]
shot
n．射击；枪炮声
Someone
took
a
shot
at
the
wolf.
有人朝那匹狼开了枪。
We
heard
some
shots
in
the
distance.
我们听见远处有几声枪响。
[巧学妙记]
shoot/shoot
at
The
fox
ran
away
before
the
hunter
shot
it.
猎人没有射中那只狐狸，它跑了。
The
new
soldier
shot
at
the
target，but
missed
it
again.
新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。
[即学即练]
Five
young
men
were
arrested
yesterday
because
they
had
shot
(shoot)
seven
endangered
animals.
13
[典型例句]
At
dawn
the
army
attacked
the
town.
军队在拂晓时向这座城镇发动了进攻。
The
government
was
attacked
by
the
press.
政府受到新闻界的抨击。
[思维拓展]
attack
sb.
with
sth.
用某物攻击/袭击某人
attack
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
因某事打击/责难某人
under
attack
遭受攻击
be
attacked
with
a
disease患病
make
an
attack
on/upon...对……发动进攻
heart
attack
n．心脏病发作
[即学即练]
(1)The
killer
insisted
that
she
was
defending
herself
when
attacked
(attack)．
(2)The
enemy
made
an
attack
on
the
small
town
last
night.
14
[典型例句]
She
has
recovered
from
the
operation.
她动了手术，且已经恢复了。
We
haven't
yet
recovered
from
the
shock.
我们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。
The
team
recovered
its
lead
in
the
second
half.
下半场这支球队再度领先。
She
at
once
recovered
herself
and
stopped
crying.
她立刻镇静下来，并停止了哭泣。
It
took
her
a
few
minutes
to
recover
consciousness.
过了几分钟她才恢复知觉。
The
police
recovered
the
stolen
jewellery.
警察找回了被盗的珠宝。
[思维拓展]
recover
from从……中恢复过来
recover
oneself
静下心来
recover
one's
eyesight恢复视力
recover
consciousness/strength
恢复意识/体力
recover
sth.
(from...)
(从……)找回某物
recovery
n.
恢复；痊愈；回升；取回
recoverable
adj.
可恢复的，可痊愈的；可取回的
[即学即练]
(1)Liu
Xiang
is
still
recovering_from
his
operation.
手术后，刘翔仍在恢复之中。
(2)He
seemed
upset
but
quickly
recovered_himself.
他显得心烦意乱，但很快静下心来。
(3)He
has
made
a
slow
recovery_from
the
strain.
他慢慢从紧张中恢复过来。
15
[典型例句]
The
books
may
not
be
removed
from
the
library.
这些书不能带出图书馆。
[思维拓展]
remove
sth.
from
sth.
从……搬走/除去某物
He
removed
the
mud
from
his
shoes.
他弄掉了鞋上的泥。
remove
from...to...从……搬到……
remove
sb.from
school开除某人，勒令某人退学
removal
n．移植；解除；搬迁；免职
[即学即练]
When
fat
and
salt
are_removed
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.
16
[典型例句]
We
intended
no
harm.
我们并无恶意。
I
intend
to
come/coming
back
soon.
我打算很快就回来。
[思维拓展]
intend＋n.打算……，想要……
intend
to
do/doing
sth.打算/计划做某事
intend＋that从句 打算/计划
intend
sb.
to
do
sth.打算让某人做某事
intend
sb.
for...要使某人成为……
intended
adj.有意的；有计划的
intended
target/destination预期的目标/目的地
be
intended
for为……而设计/打算的
It
is
intended
that...按计划……
intention
n．打算
have
no
intention
for
doing
sth.没打算做……
with
the
intention
of
doing
sth.打算做……
[巧学妙记]
表示“打算做某事”的表达还有：
①be
going
to
do
sth.
②be
about
to
do
sth.
③plan
to
do
sth.
④mean
to
do
sth.
⑤aim
to
do
sth.
[即学即练]
(1)The
course
is
intended
for
students
who
wish
to
improve
their
organizational
skills.
(2)My
early
intention
(intend)
of
gardening
may
have
originated
from
my
love
for
nature.
17
[典型例句]
Nothing
exists
on
that
planet
as
there
is
no
water
and
no
air.
那个星球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。
The
old
man
found
it
difficult
to
exist
on
the
little
money.
那位老人发现单靠这点钱难以维生。
[思维拓展]
exist
in存在于……之中
exist
on＝live
on靠……生存；靠……生活
There
exist(s)
...有/存在……
existence
n．存在；生存；生活
in
existence现存的；存在的
come
into
existence/being产生；存在
existing
adj.现存的；存在的
[巧学妙记]
ex
(＝out,
向外)＋ist
(＝stand,
承受)→在外经风雨承受苦难→生存；存在
[即学即练]
(1)There
exists
(exist)
an
old
hospital
at
the
corner.
(2)No
one
knows
when
such
a
custom
first
came
into
existence
(exist)．
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．Whales
are
still
being
hunted
(hunt)
and
killed
in
the
Arctic.
2．Local
businesses
are
closing
at
a
rate
of
three
a
year.
3．I
would
like
to
speak
for
pandas
so
that
I
can
learn
more
about
how
to
protect
them
and
raise
people's
awareness
(aware)
of
animal
protection.
4．He
was
a
hard?working
student
and
scored
above
average
in
most
subjects.
5．On
average,
we
help
at
least
six
persons
or
two
families
per
week.
6．People
are
very
concerned
about
the
problems
concerning
(concern)
the
environment.
7．As
far
as
I'm
concerned
(concern),
the
more
you
practise
paper?cutting,
the
better
at
it
you
will
become.
8．Instead,
we
are
diurnal
creatures,
with
eyes
adapted
to
living
(live)
in
the
sun's
light.
9．Mike，Mary
and
I
had
a
discussion
about
the
adaptation
(adapt)
of
the
classic
literature
yesterday.
10．Some
measures
need
to
be
taken
to_protect
(protect)
children
from
being
influenced
by
these
bad
places.
11．Her
language，as
I
hear
it，is
vivid,
direct,
and
full
of
observation
(observe)
and
wisdom.
12．A
notice
was
put
up
in
order
to
remind
the
students
of
the
changed
lecture
time.
13．As
an
Olympic
sport，shooting
(shoot)
has
been
developing
steadily
with
only
three
events
in
1896
but
17
events
at
the
moment.
14．Newspapers
attacked
the
government
for
failing
to
cut
taxes.
15．The
doctor
carried
out
a
series
of
treatments
on
her,
and
told
her
that
the
key
to
recovering
(recover)
rapidly
was
to
have
a
relaxed
mind.
16．Removals
(remove)
are
unpleasant,
but
it
will
be
nice
when
we
get
into
the
new
house.
17．Last
week,
I
attended
an
English
speech
contest
intended
(intend)
for
high
school
students
all
over
the
province
and
won
first
prize.
18．There
existed
an
obvious
conflict
between
the
accounts
of
the
witnesses,
so
a
judgment
was
not
announced
in
court.
1
[典型例句]
Why
on
earth
would
he
want
to
go
to
such
a
place?
他到底为什么想去那么个地方？
We
felt
puzzled.What
on
earth
did
they
want
to
do?
我们都感到纳闷儿，他们到底想干什么？
What
on
earth
are
you
up
to?
You're
being
so
mysterious.
你究竟在搞什么鬼？这么神秘兮兮。
[思维拓展]
on
earth
(用于包含形容词最高级的名词短语后表示强调)世界上；人世间
on
the
earth在地球上
He
wanted
to
be
the
fastest
man
on
earth.
他想成为世界上跑得最快的人。
We
can't
destroy
the
environment
on
the
earth.
我们不能破坏地球上的环境。
[即学即练]
Without
the
forest,
we
can
not
live
on
the
earth
either.
2
[典型例句]
Many
old
customs
are
gradually
dying
out.
许多旧习俗在逐渐消失。
Many
species
of
animals
are
in
danger
of
dying
out.
许多种动物都处于濒临灭绝的危险之中。
注意：out
表示“熄灭；消灭”等意义，再如put
out
熄灭(灯、火)；go
out
(灯、火)熄灭。
[思维拓展]
die
away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱；渐渐消失
die
down
逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
die
off
相继死去；先后死去
[即学即练]
用die
out,
die
away和die
down填空
(1)Many
rare
animals
are
dying_out.We
must
find
ways
to
protect
the
environment.
(2)Although
the
wind
now
died_down
completely,
the
air
was
still
as
cold
as
before.
(3)As
the
sound
of
the
music
died_away，the
film
came
to
an
end.
3
[典型例句]
As/So
long
as
you
study
hard，you'll
make
progress.
只要你努力，你就会取得进步。
Study
well
and
make
progress
every
day.
好好学习，天天向上。
Whenever
I
hear
this
sentence,
I
can
be
more
active
and
encourage
myself
to
make
progress.
每当我听到这句话，我可以更积极地鼓励自己去取得进步。
[思维拓展]
make
progress
in
在……方面取得进步(进展)
[即学即练]
Unless
you
improve
your
study
habits,
you
can't
make
progress
in
physics.
4
[典型例句]
His
life
is
in
danger.他有生命危险。
She
is
in
danger
of
losing
her
life
at
any
time.
她随时有失去生命的危险。
[思维拓展]
out
of
danger
脱离危险
in
trouble
处于麻烦之中
[易混辨析]
in
danger,
dangerous
in
danger
“在危险中”，是介词短语，指人或物处于危险的状态。
dangerous
“危险的”，是形容词，指人或物对别的人或事物有危险。
[即学即练]
How
many
factory
workers
are
in
danger
of
losing
their
jobs?
5
[典型例句]
He
drove
straight
into
the
car
in
front.
他一下子撞上了前面的车。
We
can
meet
half
an
hour
later
in
front
of
the
building.
我们可以半小时后在大楼前面会合。
[思维拓展]
in
the
front
(of)在……内的前面
The
seat
in
the
front
is
free.前面的座位没人坐。
[易混辨析]
in
front
(of)指在某物外的前面；in
the
front
(of)指在某物内的前部。
[即学即练]
There
is
a
big
desk
for
the
teacher
in
the
front
of
the
classroom.
6
[典型例句]
I
heard
the
voices,
but
couldn't
make
out
what
they
were
saying.
我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。
With
so
many
things
mixed
up,
it's
hard
to
make
out
what's
what.
许多东西混在一起，分不清楚哪个是哪个。
These
copies
are
so
dark.I
can't
make
out
any
of
the
words.
这些复印本的颜色太深了，我看不清楚上面的字。
[思维拓展]
make
for朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于
make
up组成；编造；化妆；占据
make
up
one's
mind下决心，决定
make
up
for弥补；补偿
be
made
up
of由……组成
make
sense有意义，讲得通
make
up编造(说法、解释等)，虚构；组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；和好；整理
[即学即练]
(1)Without
my
glasses,
I
couldn't
make
out
whether
that
figure
on
the
blackboard
was
a
three
or
an
eight.
(2)In
some
languages,
100
words
make
up
half
of
all
words
used
in
daily
conversations.
(3)Hard
work
can
often
make
up
for
a
lack
of
ability.
7
[典型例句]
Will
you
watch
over
my
clothes
when
I
have
a
swim?
我游泳时你帮我看一下衣服好吗？
They
did
not
watch
over
this
man.
他们并没有监视这个人。
[思维拓展]
watch
out(＝look
out)当心；提防
You'll
be
in
trouble
if
you
don't
watch
out.
你若不小心，就会有麻烦。
watch
for
sb./sth.观察等待
keep
a
watch
on监视
under
the
close
watch在严密的监视下
[即学即练]
用watch短语填空
(1)There
must
have
been
an
angel
watching_over
me
that
day.
(2)What
problems
should
I
watch_out_for
when
buying
an
old
house?
(3)You'll
become
an
alcoholic
if
you
don't
watch_out.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．There
is
not
a
happy
creature
on
the
earth
than
I
am
now.
2．The
wind
has
died
down
quite
a
lot.
3．Scientists
said
that
those
plants
died
out
a
century
ago.
4．My
biggest
satisfaction
is
to
make
progress
in
the
job.
5．Another
famous
animal
in
danger
is
the
giant
panda，whose
habitat
is
in
China.
6．We
should
be
brave
in
front
of
difficulties.
7．The
students
present
at
the
meeting
could
not
make
out
what
he
was
talking
about;
it
was
too
difficult
for
them
to
understand.
8．Peasants
make
up
over
80
percent
of
the
population
in
that
developing
country.
9．Watch
out!
There's
a
car
coming.
1
To
our
left，snow?covered
mountains
disappear
into
clouds
that
seem
almost
close
enough
to
touch.
在我们的左边，白雪覆盖的群山消失在似乎近在咫尺、触手可及的云层中。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是snow?covered
mountains
disappear
into
clouds，that
seem
almost
close
enough
to
touch是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词clouds，that在定语从句中作主语。
(2)enough
可以用做形容词、副词或代词：
①作副词(句中的用法)。用于修饰形容词或其他副词，多置于被修饰词之后，其后常接
for
短语，to
do
短语，以及
for
sb.
to
do...结构。修饰动词时也常放在动词之后。如：
The
boy
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
这个男孩到上学的年龄了。
She
couldn't
run
quickly
enough
to
catch
up
with
him.
她跑得不够快，追不上他。
The
meat
is
not
cooked
enough.
肉炖得不够熟。
②作形容词。用于修饰名词，置于名词前，但修饰
time时，放在time
前后均可。如：
I
have
enough
time
to
do
the
work.
＝I
have
time
enough
to
do
the
work.
我有足够的时间做此项工作。
③作代词。可作主语和宾语。如：
I
have
had
enough.
Thank
you.
我吃得已经够多的了，谢谢。
[即学即练]
I
became
confident
enough
to_challenge
(challenge)
the
good
tennis
players.
(1)句式分析：句中包含了why引导的表语从句。
(2)That/This/It
is
why...表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句。
That
was
why
they
refused
to
sign
the
agreement.
那就是他们为什么拒绝签订协议。
The
deadline
is
near.
This
is
why
we
are
very
busy.
最后期限要到了，这就是为什么我们很忙。
[思维拓展]
It/This/That
is
because...这/那就是因为……
The
reason
why...is/was
that...……的原因是……
He
has
heart
disease.
That
is
because
he
has
been
smoking
too
much.
他有心脏病，那是因为他抽烟太多了。
[即学即练]
I
got
up
late
this
morning.This
is
why
I
was
late
for
school.
3
Watching
them
move
slowly
across
the
green
grass，I'm
struck
by
their
beauty.
看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。
(1)句式分析：本句中Watching
them
move
slowly
across
the
green
grass是现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于When
I
am
watching
them...。
(2)现在分词作状语用法浅析：
He
walked
down
the
hill,
singing
softly
to
himself.
他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。(伴随状语)
He
dropped
the
glass,
breaking
it
into
pieces.
他把玻璃杯弄掉了，结果杯子摔得粉碎。(结果状语)
He
came
running
into
the
room.
他跑进屋来。(方式状语)
Having
been
held
back
by
the
traffic
jam,
she
couldn't
get
there
on
time.
她因交通阻塞而被耽误，无法准时到达那里。(原因状语)
Having
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out
to
play
football.
完成作业后，他出去踢足球了。(时间状语)
[即学即练]
The
sunlight
is
white
and
blinding,
throwing
(throw)
hard?edged
shadows
on
the
ground.
“We're
not
trying
to
save
the
animals，”he
says.“Actually，we're
trying
to
save
ourselves.”
“我们不是在试图拯救动物，”他说。“事实上，我们是在拯救自己。
句式分析：句中try
to
do
sth.意为“设法做某事”。
I
tried
to
persuade
her
to
go
with
me，but
failed.
我设法劝她和我一起去，但没成功。
[思维拓展]
try
doing
sth.尝试做某事
Try
writing
a
poem
on
your
own.
试着独自写首诗。
[即学即练]
Try
knocking
(knock)
on
the
back
door
if
there
is
no
answer
on
the
front
door.
Their
habitats
were
becoming
smaller
as
new
roads
and
railways
were
built.
随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Their
habitats
were
becoming
smaller，as
new
roads
and
railways
were
built是as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)句中as为从属连词，意为“随着”。
It's
becoming
warmer
and
warmer
as
the
spring
draws
near.
随着春天的临近，天气越来越暖和。
[即学即练]
Who
wrote
a
book
explaining
how
animals
and
plants
developed
as
the
environment
changed?
Zhaxi
and
other
volunteers
watched
over
the
antelopes
day
and
night
to
keep
them
safe
from
attacks.
扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护着这些羚羊，以确保它们不被猎食。
(1)句式分析：本句是简单句。to
keep
them
safe
from
attacks是不定式短语作目的状语。
(2)不定式作目的状语的用法：
①不定式作目的状语多表示将来的动作，因此只有to
do
sth.
和
to
be
done
的形式，不能用完成式或进行式。如：
He
tried
to
be
a
good
child
to
be
liked
by
his
parents.
为了被父母喜欢，他努力做一个好孩子。
②有时为表示强调，可在不定式前加上in
order/so
as,
但是so
as
to
do
不可位于句首。如：
为了拿到奖学金，她刻苦学习。
→(In
order)To
win
the
scholarship,
she
studies
hard.
→She
studies
hard(so
as)
to
win
the
scholarship.
③当不定式有自己的动作执行者时，也就是说当不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要用不定式的复合结构，即在不定式前加“for＋名词或宾格代词”。如：
He
opened
the
door
for
the
children
to
come
in.
他打开门让孩子们进来。
[即学即练]
They
got
up
early
in
the
morning
to_catch
(catch)
the
early
bus.
The
government，however，does
not
intend
to
stop
the
protection
programmes，since
the
threats
to
the
Tibetan
antelope
have
not
yet
disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是The
government，however，does
not
intend
to
stop
the
protection
programmes，后面是since引导的原因状语从句。
(2)since的用法：
①conj.意为“因为，既然”。
Since
you
are
unable
to
answer，perhaps
I
should
ask
someone
else.
既然你回答不了，也许我该问别人。
②conj.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自……以来；从……以后”。
It
had
been
a
year
since
Susan
became
blind.
苏珊失明已经一年了。
③prep.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自……以来；从……以后”。
I
have
not
heard
from
him
since
last
year.
自从去年以来我一直没有收到过他的信。
④adv.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“从那时以后；后来”。
I
have
not
seen
him
since.
从那以后，我就没见过他。
[即学即练]
I
haven't
visited
my
teacher
since
I
graduated.
Only
when
we
learn
to
exist
in
harmony
with
nature
can
we
stop
being
a
threat
to
wildlife
and
to
our
planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
(1)句式分析：本句是倒装句。正常语序是：We
can
stop
being
a
threat
to
wildlife
and
to
our
planet
only
when
we
learn
to
exist
in
harmony
with
nature。
(2)“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时，句子(或主句)要部分倒装。如：
Only
in
this
way
can
you
make
improvement.
只有用这种方法你才能有所提高。
Only
when
I
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain
did
I
feel
a
great
sense
of
achievement.
只有当我到达山顶时，我才有极大的成就感。
[思维拓展]
部分倒装的常见情况：
(1)nor，neither，never，seldom，little，by
no
means，rarely，scarcely，in
no
way等表示否定或半否定的词(组)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。
(2)not
until、“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时，句子(或主句)部分倒装。
(3)so/such...that...句型中，so/such置于句首时，主句部分倒装。
(4)no
sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...中，no
sooner，hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句部分倒装。
(5)not
only...but
also...连接并列分句，且not
only位于句首时，not
only所在的分句部分倒装。
(6)as/though引导的让步状语从句，形容词、名词、动词提前构成部分倒装。
(7)虚拟条件句中，条件从句中的if省略，而把were，had，should等提前，构成部分倒装。
Never
shall
I
do
this
again.
我再也不会做这种事情了。
Hardly
had
he
arrived
when
it
began
to
snow.
他刚到，天就下起雪来了。
Tired
as
he
was，he
stayed
up
late.
虽然很疲倦，可他很晚才睡。
[巧学妙记]
口诀巧记部分倒装：
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；
否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；
so和such置句首，主句主谓要倒装；
not
only开头句，所在分句须倒装；
had，were，should置句首，条件从句半倒装。
[即学即练]
Only
if
you
work
hard
can
you
pass
the
test.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．We
are
old
enough
to_make
(make)
decisions
of
our
own.
2．I
was
late
for
class
this
morning.It
is
because
I
got
up
late.
3．Walking
(walk)
in
the
street
yesterday，I
met
one
of
my
classmates.
4．He
tried
to_live
(live)
on
his
own
for
a
little
while，then
returned
home.
5．As
time
goes
by，the
computer
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller.
6．We'll
have
to
save
as
much
as
possible
to_pay
(pay)
for
the
new
house.
7．They
have
lived
in
that
house
since
two
years
ago.
8．It
has
been
three
months
since
he
moved
to
this
city.
9．Only
in
this
way
can
you
learn
English
well.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
world's
tropical
forests
are
disappearing
at
an
even
faster
rate
(速度)
than
experts
had
thought.
2．The
change
in
climate
might
be
one
of
the
causes
for
the
extinction
(灭绝)
of
dinosaurs(恐龙)．
3．On
his
desk
is
a
mass
(堆)
of
books
and
papers.
4．With
my
own
house,
my
dream
is
that
I
have
my
own
habitat
(栖息地)．
5．In
fact，so
little
do
we
know
about
the
universe
that
we
are
not
even
aware
(知道)
how
it
came
into
being.
6．It's
said
that
the
newspaper
office
receives
an
average
(平均数)
of
nearly
100
articles
a
day.
7．Nowadays
people
are
more
concerned
(担心的)
about/for
the
environment
where
they
live.
8．I'm
trying
to
persuade
him
to
give
up
the
attempt
to
make
a
living
(生计)
by
writing.
9．The
older
a
person
is,
the
slower
it
will
be
for
him
to
adapt
(适应)
to
changes.
10．From
it
we
learn
that
human
beings
should
take
measures
(措施)
to
protect
our
earth.
11．Rules
of
online
voting
should
be
worked
out
and
strictly
observed
(遵守)．
12．We
shall
never
forget
the
beauty
(美)
of
that
lake.
13．The
old
photos
buried
at
the
bottom
of
the
suitcase
reminded
(提醒)
me
of
those
happy
old
days
we
had
spent
together.
14．Elephants
would
die
out
soon
if
men
were
allowed
to
shoot
(射杀)
as
many
as
they
wish.
15．He
made
a
profit
(利润)
of
five
hundred
dollars
on
the
deal.
16．One
day
when
we
talked
about
a
robbery
occurred
in
our
town,
he
said
he
kept
calm
when
he
was
attacked
(攻击)
by
a
robber.
17．It
is
impossible
for
this
country
to
recover
(恢复)
in
a
short
time
over
this
financial
crisis.
18．I
had
intended
(打算)
to
catch
the
early
train,
but
I
didn't
get
up
in
time.
19．He
threatened
(威胁)the
strangers
with
a
gun
and
frightened
them
away.
20．He
finds
it
hard
to
exist
(生存)
on
the
money
he's
earning.
21．To
protect
our
environment
and
live
in
harmony
(和谐)
with
animals
is
everyone's
duty.
22．There
are
various
goods
(商品)
in
the
new
supermarket,
and
the
prices
vary
from
cents
to
dollars.
23．He
claims
(声称)
to
have
seen
a
round
black
creature
(生物)
moving
quickly
through
the
water.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Parent
birds
began
to
hunt
for
food
for
their
young.
2．Cultural
differences
occur
wherever
you
go.When
visiting
another
country,
you
should
be
aware
of
those
differences
and
respect
them.
3．It
is
said
that
the
time
spent
on
homework
by
the
Chinese
students
is
more
than
four
hours
a
day
on
average.
4．As
far
as
I'm
concerned
(concern),
it's
wise
not
to
spend
much
time
playing
with
smartphones.
5．The
theory
of
relativity
is
concerned
with
two
seemingly
opposite
ideas.
6．All
in
all,
I
hope
you
can
adapt
yourself
(you)
to
the
new
environment
and
we
can
become
good
friends.
7．If
we
had
taken
such
effective
measures
(measure)
much
earlier,
the
river
would
not
be
polluted
so
seriously
now.
8．This
law
must
be
strictly
observed
(observe)．
9．Reminded
not
to_drive
(drive)
after
drinking,
some
drivers
are
still
trying
their
luck,
which
is
really
dangerous.
10．One
more
look
and
he
noticed
flames
shooting
(shoot)
out
from
under
the
disabled
vehicle.
11．The
company
has
come
under
fierce
attack
for
its
decision
to
close
the
factory.
12．Then
the
doctors
informed
the
family
that
there
was
no
hope
for
his
recovery
(recover)．
13．Three
children
were
removed
(remove)from
school
for
bad
behaviors.
14．With
the
intention
(intend)
of
becoming
famous
and
rich,
many
ordinary
people
intend
to
take
part
in
some
TV
shows.
15．Humans
have
been
exploring
the
universe
for
many
years
and
we
still
can't
figure
out
how
it
came
into
existence
(exist)．
16．The
number
of
wild
animals
on
the
earth
is
decreasing.
17．When
she
was
asked
why
she
was
late,
she
made
up
an
excuse
to
the
teacher.
18．Tom
was
late
for
work
this
morning.That
is
because
he
overslept.
19．She
could
be
with
her
friends
right
now
laughing_(laugh)
at
him.
20．He
tried
to
be
a
good
child
to_be_liked
(like)
by
his
parents.
PAGEUnit
2
Wildlife
protection
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．deer
n．鹿
2．kangaroo
n．袋鼠
3．reduce
vt.减少→reduction
n．减少；缩小；降低
4．due
adj.由于；因为
5．insect
n．昆虫
6．net
n．＝Internet;_网
adj.净得的；纯的
7．neighbourhood
n．临近的地方；街区→neighbour
n．邻居
8．dolphin
n．海豚
9．emotion
n．感情；情感；情绪→emotional
adj.感情的；
情感的；
情绪的
10．skin
n．皮；皮肤
11．unusual
adj.特别的；不寻常的→unusually
adv.特别地；不寻常地→usual
adj.通常的；寻常的；惯常的→usually
adv.通常地；正常地；经常地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．due
to
由于；因为
2．search
for
搜索；查找
3．stir
up
激起
4．be
covered
with
由……覆盖；遮盖
5．be
worried
about
对……担心
6．clear
up
清理；解决；(天气)转晴
7．care
for
喜欢；想要；照料；重视
8．put
out
把……摆好；预备好(物品)
9．on
the
left在左边
10．pay
attention
to
注意
11．such
as
诸如；例如
12．carry
out
履行；实施；执行；落实
13．the
number
of……的数目
14．for
this
reason因这个原因
15．right
now立刻；马上
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．When
it
comes
to
wildlife
protection，all
species—the
good，the
bad，and
the
ugly—should
be
treated
equally.
当涉及野生动物保护时，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑陋的——都应该被平等对待。
2．Every
tree
that
is
cut
down
is
a
part
of
the
habitat
of
animals
such
as
these
koalas.
每一棵被砍伐的树都是考拉等动物的栖息地的一部分。
3．Is
it
right
to
make
animals
homeless
so
that
humans
can
have
more
paper?
让动物无家可归，以此让人类有更多的纸，这样做对吗？
1
[典型例句]
The
number
of
the
cars
was
reduced
from
40
to
30.
汽车数量由40辆减少到30辆。
The
number
of
the
cars
was
reduced
by
10%.
汽车数量减少了10%。
[思维拓展]
reduce
sth.
to...(数量等)减少到……
reduce
sth.
by...(数量等)减少了……
be
reduced
to
(doing)沦落为……；陷入某种状态
rise/increase
reduction
n．[C，U]减少；缩小
[即学即练]
He
reduced
his
weight
by
six
kilos.
2
[典型例句]
It
is
unusual
for
you
to
catch
a
cold
on
hot
days.
你在大热天感冒实在少见。
As
a
singer，he
has
an
unusual
voice.
作为一名歌手，他有着独特的嗓音。
[思维拓展]
unusually
adv.特别地；不寻常的
usual
adj.通常的；寻常的；惯常的
as
usual像平常一样
usually
adv.通常地；正常地；经常地
[即学即练]
They
have
replanted
many
areas
with
rare
and
unusual
(usual)
plants.
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．Many
countries
in
Latin
America
have
been
trying
to_reduce(reduce)
gaps
in
income，so
that
people
can
live
in
harmony.
2．A
man
I
chanced
to
meet
proved
to
be
a
most
unusual(usual)
character.
3．Wang
Wei
rode
in
front
of
me
as
usual.
1
[典型例句]
I'll
return
the
book
to
you
right
now.
我会马上把书还给你的。
I
must
go
to
school
right
now.
我必须马上就去学校。
He
is
ill;
you
should
call
in
a
doctor
right
now.
他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。
[思维拓展]
表示“立刻，马上”的词(组)：
at
once right
away
straight
now
without
delay
in
no
time
in
a
minute
immediately
instantly
[即学即练]
When
facing
a
hard
question，most
people
can't
give
an
answer
immediately
(immediate)．
2
[典型例句]
Due
to
the
foggy
weather，the
traffic
moved
very
slowly.
由于有雾，车辆行进非常缓慢。
The
failure
is
due
to
his
carelessness.
失败是由他的粗心造成的。
[思维拓展]
due
to“因为；归功于”，在句中作表语或状语
owing
to“因为；归功于”，是较正式的说法，常作状语
because
of“因为”，是较口语化的说法，在句中作状语
thanks
to“多亏，幸亏”，多表示正面意义，有时也表示讽刺意义，作状语
[方法点拨]
(1)be
due
to“预定……”，其中to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。
The
meeting
isn't
due
to
start
until
four.
会议预定要到四点才召开。
(2)be
due
to“应得的，应付的”，其中to为介词，后接名词或状语。
Have
they
been
paid
the
money
that
is
due
to
them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
(3)due
to“由于，因为”，其中to为介词，可在句中作表语或状语。
(4)due
to的近义短语有because
of，on
account
of，owing
to，thanks
to，as
a
result
of，as
a
consequence
of等。
[即学即练]
The
police
said
the
accident
happened
due
to
wrong
operation，so
a
large
sum
of
money
was
due
to
be
paid
to
the
victims.
3
[典型例句]
You
should
go
home
at
once.Your
parents
were
searching
for
you.
你应该立刻回家，因为你的父母在找你。
Scientists
are
still
searching
for
a
cure
to
the
common
cold.
科学家仍在寻求治疗感冒的方法。
[思维拓展]
in
search
of＝in
one's
search
for寻找；搜寻
search...for...在……里面/身上搜寻
search
for＝look
for＝hunt
for寻找
search
out找出某人或某物
search
through把……仔细搜寻一遍
make
a
search
for...搜查，搜寻
[易混辨析]
search,
search
for,
search...for,
in
search
of
search
vt.
search
sb.意为“搜身”，search
sp.意为“在……中搜查”。
They
searched
the
guard
at
the
gate.
他们在门口搜查了那个士兵。
search
for
意为“寻找”，指搜寻某个特定的目标，相当于look
for。
I
am
searching
for
my
lost
pen.
我正在寻找我丢失的钢笔。
search...for
意为“搜查某人或某场地以寻找某物”。
The
police
searched
the
house
for
the
stolen
jewelry.
警察搜索那栋房屋，寻找被偷的宝石。
[即学即练]
(1)They
started
off
at
once
in_search_of
the
missing
girl.
他们立即出发，寻找失踪的女孩。
(2)The
police
searched
her
for
drugs.
警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。
(3)We
have
been
searching_for
the
lost
boy
all
over.
我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。
(4)He
searched_out
the
book
and
gave
it
to
me.
他找出那本书给了我。
(5)He
searched_through
his
pockets
for
a
cigarette.
他把自己的口袋找遍了，想找到一根香烟。
4
[典型例句]
I
don't
really
care
for
football.
我不喜欢足球。
Would
you
care
for
a
cup
of
tea?
要不要来杯茶？
[思维拓展]
take
care
小心；注意
take
care
to
do/not
to
do/that...
注意做/不做/……
take
care
of
照料；注意；负责处理
take...into
care
代为照顾(小孩等)
[易混辨析]
care
about与care
for
两者都可表示“对……担心；关心；喜欢；对……中意”，此时二者可通用。care
about最主要的意思是“在乎；在意”，常用于否定句中，指主体对事物的态度；care
for表示“照料；尊重；愿意”。
He
doesn't
care
about
his
clothes.
他不计较自己穿的衣服。
She
doesn't
care
for
movies.她不喜欢电影。
[即学即练]
I
don't
care
for
the
style
of
this
dress.
5
put
out把……摆好，预备好；熄灭，扑灭；出版；公布
[典型例句]
The
girls
helped
her
to
put
out
the
cups
and
plates
before
lunch.
午饭前，姑娘们帮她把茶杯和盘子摆好。
The
firemen
came
and
put
out
the
fire.
消防员来把火扑灭了。
They
put
out
a
half?hour
programme
on
Chinese
kung
fu.
他们播出了一档半小时的关于中国功夫的节目。
[思维拓展]
put
aside把……放在一边，储存钱备用
put
away把……收起；放好
put
back把……放回原处；使……恢复原状
put
down写下；记下；放下
put
forward把……提前；提出
put
off推迟；延期
put
on穿上；戴上
put
up张贴；举起；抬高；住宿
put
up
with容忍；忍受
[即学即练]
Who
put
forward
the
theory
about
black
holes?
6
pay
attention
to注意
[典型例句]
I
hope
you
will
pay
attention
to
this
problem.
希望你对此问题给予关注。
You
should
pay
attention
to
watching
it.
你要留意观察它。
[思维拓展]
catch/attract
sb.'s
attention
引起某人的注意
draw/call
attention
to
sth.
使某人关注某事
turn
one's
attention
to
将注意力转向……
[即学即练]
We
must
pay
attention
to
listening
(listen)
to
the
teacher
on
the
class.
7
[典型例句]
Extensive
tests
have
been
carried
out
on
the
patient.
已对患者进行了全面检查。
The
school
carried
out
a
new
policy
on
the
cellphone.
学校实施了一项关于手机的新政策。
[思维拓展]
carry
on继续做；坚持干
carry
through帮助……渡过难关
[即学即练]
We
must
carry
out
the
task
as
planned.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．Don't
worry.You'll
be
all
right
in
no
time.
2．The
bus
should
have
arrived
at
5：00
pm，but
it
arrived
one
hour
late
due
to
the
heavy
fog.
3．Many
policemen
were
searching
the
forest
for
the
escaped
prisoner.
4．I'm
always
in
search
of
someone
who
has
the
same
hobby
with
me.
5．She
moved
back
home
to
care
for
her
elderly
parents.
6．I
can't
put
up
with
people
who
steal.
7．She
put
the
newspaper
aside
and
stood
up.
8．We
all
should
pay
attention
to
the
environment.
9．I
had
some
difficulty
in
carrying
out
the
plan.
When
it
comes
to
wildlife
protection，all
species—the
good，the
bad，and
the
ugly—should
be
treated
equally.
当涉及野生动物保护时，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑陋的——都应该被平等对待。
(1)句式分析：本句是主从复合句。When
it
comes
to
wildlife
protection是when引导的时间状语从句，后面是主句。
(2)when
it
comes
to
(doing)
sth.在某方面；说到(做某事)
Both
groups
scored
similarly
when
it
came
to
memorizing
facts.
在记忆事实方面，两组得分差不多。
When
it
comes
to
friends，I
desire
those
who
will
share
my
happiness.
说到朋友，我渴望那些会分享我的快乐的人。
[即学即练]
Although
she
plays
football
well，when
it
comes
to
English，she
is
not
so
good.
Every
tree
that
is
cut
down
is
a
part
of
the
habitat
of
animals
such
as
these
koalas.
每一棵被砍伐的树都是考拉等动物的栖息地的一部分。
(1)句式分析：本句是主从复合句。that
is
cut
down是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Every
tree，that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
(2)such
as例如。
There
are
many
animals
such
as
horses,
cattle
and
deer
in
that
country.
在那个国家有很多像马、牛、鹿这样的动物。
Chances
such
as
this
did
not
come
every
day.
像这样的机会不是天天都有的。
[思维拓展]
常见的表示列举的短语：
(1)such
as意为“例如，诸如……的”，用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个，放在被列举的人或事物之前。如：
A
lot
of
things
can
be
recycled,
such
as
waste
paper,
waste
plastic
bags,
and
old
batteries.
很多东西都可以回收，比如废纸、废塑料袋和旧电池。
(2)that
is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。如：
I
have
three
friends,
namely,
Tom,
Jack
and
Mike.
我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。
(3)for
example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。如：
Most
boys
in
the
class
like
physics.Tom,
for
example,
shows
a
special
interest
in
it.
班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。
[即学即练]
Cartoon
characters
such
as
Mickey
Mouse
and
Snoopy
are
still
popular.
Is
it
right
to
make
animals
homeless
so
that
humans
can
have
more
paper？
让动物无家可归，以此让人类有更多的纸，这样做对吗？
(1)句式分析：本句是主从复合句。主句是Is
it
right
to
make
animals
homeless，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to
make
animals
homeless；后面是so
that引导的目的状语从句。
(2)make
animals
homeless是make的复合宾语结构。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构(即
make
复合结构)的常见形式有：
The
smell
of
fried
chicken
makes
the
two
boys
hungry.
炸鸡的气味令那两个男孩感到很饿。
The
speaker
raised
his
voice
in
order
to
make
himself
heard.
发言人提高了嗓门以便别人听到他说的话。
She
made
her
children
wash
their
hands
before
eating.
她要孩子们在吃东西前洗手。
He
has
made
it
a
rule
to
get
up
early.
他已养成了早起的习惯。
(3)so
that＝in
order
that
so
that
引导的是目的状语从句。so
that＝in
order
that
意思是“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句时，从句中要有情态动词can，could，may，might，will，would等。
I
will
give
you
all
the
facts
so
that
you
can
judge
for
yourself.
我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
He
spoke
loudly
so
that
everybody
could
hear
him.
他大声说话，以便大家都能听见他。
[思维拓展]
so
that也可用来引导结果状语从句，意思是“结果；以至于”，常和主句之间用逗号隔开。
Everyone
lent
a
hand，so
that
the
work
was
finished
ahead
of
schedule.
每个人都帮了忙，所以工作提前完成了。
He
bought
a
big
house，so
that
he
had
more
space
to
paint
in.
他买了一栋大房子，从而有了更大的地方作画。
[即学即练]
(1)The
teacher
couldn't
make
himself
paid
(pay)
attention
to
because
his
teaching
manner
was
unattractive.
(2)We
worked
hard
every
day
so
that
we
can
earn
more
money.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．When
it
comes
to
fishing，John
is
an
expert.
2．He
bought
a
lot
of
fruit
such
as
apples
and
peaches.
3．Greatmen
have
often
risen
from
poverty
(贫穷)—Lincoln
and
Edison，for
example.
4．He
didn't
plan
his
time
well，so
that
he
didn't
finish
the
work
in
time.
5．They
were
made
to_work
(work)
for
long
hours.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Although
they
eat
almost
anything
including
deer
(鹿),
sheep,
rabbits
and
even
fish
and
fruit,
they
rarely
attack
people.
2．When
I
was
waiting
for
you,
I
happened
to
see
a
kangaroo
(袋鼠)
come
by.
3．Some
insects
(昆虫)
take
on
the
colour
of
their
surroundings
to
protect
themselves.
4．It
is
a
good
idea
to
always
be
friendly
to
everyone
in
the
neighbourhood
(街区)．
5．Music
can
make
us
feel
relaxed
both
mentally
and
physically,
thus
helping
reduce
(减少)
our
pressure
at
work
and
in
life.
6．The
sports
meeting
has
been
put
off
due
(因为)
to
the
rain
these
days.
7．Our
emotions
(感情)are
reflected
in
our
posture,
face,
and
eyes,
so
we
can
express
them
without
ever
saying
a
word.
8．The
only
difference
between
us
is
the
colour
of
our
skins
(皮肤)．
9．It's
not
unusual
(特别的)
for
senior
high
school
teachers
to
work
a
70?hour
week.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．With
great
effort,
she
has
reduced
her
weight
by
five
kilograms
in
the
past
30
days.
2．It
was
foggy
so
the
driver
had
to
reduce
speed
to
forty
kilometres
an
hour.
3．He
was
an
unusual
(usual)
man
with
great
business
talents.
4．I
recognized
his
voice
at
once.
5．The
restaurant's
success
was
largely
due
to
its
new
manager.
6．Dogs
have
a
very
good
sense
of
smell
and
are
often
used
to
search
for
survivors
in
an
earthquake.
7．It
has
been
my
duty
to
help
my
mom
take
care
of
my
little
brother.
8．Please
put
back
the
books
and
magazines
when
you've
finished
with
them.
9．We'll
carry
on
our
conversation
tomorrow.
10．When
it
comes
to
picking
(pick)
up
awards，they
lead
the
field
by
miles.
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