UNIT
3 THE
INTERNET
互联网的利与弊
With
the
development
of
the
science
and
technology,
the
computer
has
been
becoming
the
necessity
for
people
in
the
21st
century.Following,
network
is
of
close
link
with
our
life,
bringing
us
incomparable
convenience
on
our
life
and
work.
Through
the
network,
we
can
search
for
useful
data
and
get
to
know
the
current
events.When
you
play
computer
games
after
a
long?time
work,
it
can
relieve
your
pressure
and
make
you
feel
relaxed.Besides,
playing
online
games
is
not
all
bad,
for
it
can
fulfill
students'
entertaining
requests
as
well
as
practise
their
response
ability.
However,
there
still
exists
some
disadvantages
in
the
network.The
radiation
from
the
computer
will
do
harm
to
people's
health
if
you
keep
on
watching
the
computer
for
a
long
time.And
short
sight
may
be
caused
by
it
for
your
eyes
stay
tense.At
present,
there
are
too
many
games
on
the
Internet,
but
some
of
them
are
not
of
good
quality
and
even
contain
some
unhealthy
content
like
violence
and
so
on.Due
to
the
lack
of
recognizing
society
and
self?protection
awareness,
some
students
get
addicted
in
the
games
and
online
dating.
In
fact,
network
is
not
that
horrible,
as
long
as
we
know
more
about
it,
it
will
become
our
right
hand
on
our
studies.Let's
build
a
clean
network
world
together.
开启快乐学习之旅
随着科技的发展，电脑在二十一世纪成了人们必要的用品。随之而来，网络与我们的生活息息相关，给现代人的生活、工作带来了无与伦比的方便。
通过网络，我们能查寻有用的资料，了解时事动态等。当你工作了很长时间后去玩电脑游戏，它可以减缓你的精神压力，放松你的心情。并且，上网玩游戏也不完全是坏事，因为学生玩游戏可以锻炼手、脑的反应能力，满足学生娱乐需要。
但是网络也有弊。长时间看电脑，电脑发出的辐射对人体有很大的害处，眼睛长期处于紧张状态容易造成近视。现在的电脑游戏众多，某些电脑游戏粗制滥造，甚至含有暴力等不健康内容。有的学生由于对社会认识不足和自我保护意识缺乏，沉迷网络游戏，网络交友。
事实上，网络并不可怕，只要我们面对网络时多一些认识，网络就会成为我们学习上的有利助手。让我们一起创造一个干净的网络世界吧。
模块核心素养导航
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．blog
n．博客
vi.写博客→blogger
n．博客作者；博主
2．engine
n．引擎；发动机；火车头→engineer
n．工程师
3．chat
vi.聊天；闲聊→WeChat
n．微信
4．stream
vt.流播(不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频)；流出vi.流动n.小河；溪流
5．identity
n．身份；个性→identical
adj.相同的，一样的→identify
vt.确定；辨别→identification
n．身份证明
6．convenient
adj.方便的；近便的→convenience
n．方便；便利
7．cash
n．现金；金钱
8．update
vt.更新；向……提供最新信息
n．更新；最新消息
9．database
n．数据库；资料库
10．software
n．软件→hardware
n．硬件
11．network
n．(互联)网络；网状系统；人际网
vt.将……连接成网络；联播
vi.建立工作关系
12．stuck
adj.卡住；陷(入)；困(于)
→stick
v．刺；插入；粘贴n.枝条；棍状物
13．surf
vt.&vi.浏览；冲浪→surfing
n．冲浪运动；
(互联网上)
冲浪，漫游，浏览
14．benefit
n．益处
vt.使受益
vi.得益于→beneficial
adj.有益的，有用的
15．distance
n．距离→distant
adj.遥远的
16．inspire
vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考→inspiration
n．鼓舞；启示；灵感→inspiring
adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
17．access
n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会
vt.进入；使用；获取→accessible
adj.可利用的，可获得的
18．charity
n．慈善；慈善机构(或组织)
19．tough
adj.艰难的；严厉的
20．province
n．省
21．conference
n．会议；研讨会；正式会谈
22．resident
n．居民；(美国的)住院医生
adj.(在某地)居住的→residence
n．住所；
住房；
(尤指)
宅第，豪宅；
居住；
定居
23．plus
conj.而且；此外
n．加号；优势
prep.加；另加
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．blog
post博文；博客帖子
2．search
engine(互联网上的)搜索引擎
3．identity
card身份证
4．keep
sb.
company陪伴某人
5．now
that既然；由于
6．go
through经历；度过；通读
7．be
interested
in对……感兴趣
8．look
for寻找
9．more
than不仅仅；超过；非常
10．look
up(在书中)查找；(形势)好转；探访(某人)
11．by
the
way顺便问一下
12．no
longer不再
13．out
of
work失业
14．after
a
while过了一会儿
15．pay
for买……；为……交款；为……付出代价
16．apply
for申请
17．take
care
of照料；抚养
18．together
with和……一起
19．make
sure确定地，肯定地
20．raise
money
for为……筹集资金
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．There
are
countless
articles
telling
us
how
the
Internet
has
made
our
lives
more
convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。
2．We
can
download
software，documents，and
images
whenever
we
need
them.
我们可以下载软件、文档和图像，无论何时我们需要它们。
3．At
age
50，she
found
herself
out
_of
work
and
stuck
at
home
with
only
her
computer
to
keep
her
company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
4．She
also
joined
an
online
group
where
she
could
talk
about
her
problems
and
get
support
and
advice
from
others.
她还加入了一个在线小组，在那里她可以谈论自己的问题，并从他人那里得到支持和建议。
5．She
was
so
inspired
by
the
people
she
met
online
that
she
decided
to
start
an
IT
club
to
teach
older
people
how
to
use
computers
and
the
Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
6．Now
that
he
works
and
can
take
care
of
himself，his
daughter
has
time
to
study
at
university.
由于他工作并能照顾自己，他女儿有时间在大学学习了。
7．She
believes
that
it
is
highly
important
to
bridge
the
digital
divide
and
make
sure
that
everyone
has
access
to
the
Internet
and
knows
how
to
use
new
technology.
她认为，消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术，是非常重要的。
1
chat
vi.聊天；闲聊
[典型例句]
My
kids
spend
hours
chatting
on
the
phone
to
their
friends.
我的几个孩子在电话中和朋友聊天一聊就是几个小时。
He's
been
on
the
computer
all
morning,
chatting
with
his
friends.
他整个上午都在上网和朋友聊天。
[思维拓展]
chat
about
sth.
闲聊某事
chat
with
sb.
与某人聊天
chat
with
sb.
about
sth.
与某人聊某事
[即学即练]
All
the
way
we
were
chatting
(chat)，singing
and
laughing，enjoying
the
fresh
air
and
the
beautiful
scenery.
2
[典型例句]
The
police
are
trying
to
find
out
the
identity
of
the
man
killed
in
the
accident.
警方正在设法查明事故中死者的身份。
[思维拓展]
identical
adj.相同的，一样的
identify
vt.确定；辨别
identification
n．身份证明
[巧学妙记]
ident
(＝the
same
同一)＋?ity
(表示性质)→[根义]与……的同一性→[多义]本身；本体；身份
[即学即练]
There
are
no
two
identical
(identity)
fingerprints(指纹)
in
the
world.
3
[典型例句]
Please
come
whenever
it
is
convenient
to
you.
你方便的时候请随时来。
Our
house
is
convenient
for
the
shops.
我们家到商店很方便。
Will
it
be
convenient
for
you
to
start
work
tomorrow?
你明天开始工作方便吗？
[思维拓展]
be
convenient
to
sb.对某人方便
if
it
is
convenient
to
sb.如果某人方便的话
be
convenient
for
sth.近便的，容易到达的
It
is
convenient
to
do
sth.
做某事方便
It
is
convenient
for
sb.
to
do
sth.做某事对某人来说是方便的
注意：convenient
不能以人作主语
convenience
n．方便；便利；厕所
There
is
a
public
convenience
on
the
corner
of
the
street.
在街道的拐角处有一个公共厕所。
for
convenience
为了方便
at
one's
convenience
在某人方便时
at
your
earliest
convenience
尽早
to
one's
convenience
对某人方便(合适)
It's
a
great
convenience
to
do...做某事很方便
convenience
food
方便食品
I
kept
my
reference
book
near
my
desk
for
convenience.
我把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便。
Come
by
to
pick
me
up
at
your
convenience.
在你方便的时候，请来接我。
Please
deliver
the
goods
at
your
earliest
convenience.
请尽早送货。
It's
a
great
convenience
to
live
in
a
big
city.
住在大城市很方便。
[即学即练]
(1)With
the
development
of
the
Internet,
many
individuals
favour
online
shopping
because
it
is
more_convenient
(convenient)
and
can
save
time.
(2)Students
think
it
is
extremely
convenient
for
them
to_communicate
(communicate)
with
the
outside
world
using
mobile
phones.
4
[典型例句]
The
new
credit
cards
will
be
of
great
benefit
to
our
customers.
新的信用卡将对我们的客户非常有益。
We
should
spend
the
money
on
something
that
will
benefit
everyone.
我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能得益的事上。
I'm
sure
you'll
benefit
greatly
from
the
visit.
我相信，这次访问你将获益匪浅。
[思维拓展]
be
of
benefit
(to
sb.)
(对某人)有益
for
sb.'s
benefit
为帮助某人；为某人的利益
A
benefit(s)
B
A对B有益
A
benefit(s)
from/by
B
A从B中获益
beneficial
adj.
有益的；有帮助的
be
beneficial
to...
对……有益
[即学即练]
(1)The
new
hospital
will
benefit
the
entire
community.
这所新医院将使整个社区受益。
(2)I
benefited
much
from
my
father's
advice.
我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。
(3)Moderate
exercise
will
be
of_much_benefit_to
you.
适度运动对你有很多益处。
(4)She
went
there
for_the_benefit_of
her
health.
她为了健康而去了那里。
5
[典型例句]
We
can
see
the
mountain
in
the
distance.
我们从远处就可以看到那座山。
Night
fell.The
hills
in
the
distance
turned
dark
blue.
夜色渐近，远山变成了深蓝色。
Seen
at
a
distance,
the
picture
looks
more
beautiful.
从远处看，那幅画看起来更美。
What
is
the
distance
to
London?
到伦敦有多远？
[思维拓展]
in
the
distance在远处；在远方
at/from
a
distance稍远处；隔一段距离
at
a
distance
of在距……的地方
keep
one's
distance
from...＝keep...at
a
distance
与……保持距离/疏远
distant
adj.遥远的；冷淡的
I
can
see
you
at
a
distance
of
10
metres.
在10米远的地方，我能看到你。
It
is
hard
to
know
her
well
because
she
always
keeps
others
at
a
distance.
很难了解她，因为她总是和别人保持着距离。
I
saw
something
in
the
distance.
我看到远处有东西。
[即学即练]
(1)I
don't
know
the
distance
(距离)
from
Beijing
to
Shanghai.
(2)The
hospital
is
not_distant
(不远)
at
all.
(3)The
oil
painting
looks
better
at/from_a_distance
(远看起来)．
(4)
In_the_distance
(从远处)，I
would
see
them
waving
their
hands.
6
[典型例句]
Her
work
didn't
exactly
inspire
me
with
confidence.
她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。
He
inspired
many
young
people
to
take
up
the
sport.
他激励了很多年轻人参与这项运动。
An
artist
who
was
inspired
by
the
scene
painted
this
beautiful
picture.
一位受这一情景启发的艺术家画下了这幅美丽的画。
[思维拓展]
inspire
sb.
with
sth.(＝inspire
sth.
in
sb.)激起某人的……
inspire
sb.
to
do
sth.激励某人做某事
inspiration
n．[U]灵感；鼓舞
inspired
adj.品质优秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring
adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
[即学即练]
(1)His
encouraging
remarks
inspired
(inspire)
confidence
in
me.
(2)The
rule
to
offer
free
training
to
young
college
students
seems
inspiring
(inspire)．
7
access
n.通道；?使用、查阅、接近或面见的?机会
vt.进入；使用；获取
[典型例句]
Only
high
officials
had
access
to
the
president.
只有高级官员才可以面见总统。
You
can
easily
get
access
to
him.
你很容易见到他。
The
court
gave
him
access
to
his
child
at
weekends.
法庭准许他周末看看孩子。
[思维拓展]
have/get/gain
access
to
拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
give
(sb.)
access
to
接见；准许(某人)使用
accessible
adj.
可接近的；可进入的；可使用的(通常作表语)
be
accessible
to
可接近……，能进入……
[即学即练]
The
villagers
have
access
to
the
clean
river
nearby.
8
[典型例句]
He
has
been
living
a
tough
life
lately.
他最近的生活一直很艰难。
Don't
be
too
tough
on
him；he
is
only
a
child
after
all.
不要过于难为他；毕竟他只是个孩子。
He
seems
to
be
the
toughest
of
all
the
children.
他似乎是所有孩子中最健壮的。
[思维拓展]
tough
on/with
sb./sth.对某人(事)严厉
have
a
tough
time
(of
it)日子很难过
[即学即练]
It
is
about
time
that
the
policemen
started
to
get
tough
(toughly)
with
bullies.
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．It
is
considerate
of
Mary
to
set
up
a
WeChat
group,
through
which
almost
all
the
classmates
can
spend
some
time
chatting
(chat),
so
that
we
can
keep
in
touch
easily.
2．If
it
is
convenient
(convenience)
for
you,
let's
meet
at
8：30
outside
the
school
gate.If
not,
let
me
know
what
time
suits
you
best.
3．Bachelet
says
she
selected
it
for
convenience
and
I
observe
that
it
is
also
cheap.
4．Sunshine
and
fresh
air
are
of
benefit
to
your
recovery
from
illness.
5．What's
more,
riding
bicycles
is
a
good
way
for
us
to
exercise
and
it
is
beneficial
(benefit)
to
our
health.
6．I
saw
a
car
in
the
distance
and
jumped
up
as
I
recognized
the
car.
7．That
afternoon
we
saw
land
at
a
distance
of
10
miles
from
us.
8．Her
father
advised
her
to
keep
her
distance
from
that
fellow.
9．The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
(inspire)
for
great
inventions.
10．The
Nankai
Secondary
School
Library
is
accessible
(access)
only
if
you
have
a
Student
Card
of
Nankai.
11．Kids
shouldn't
have
access
to
violent
films
because
they
might
imitate
the
things
they
see.
1
[典型例句]
Akira
Nagata
is
more
than
a
scientist，he
is
also
a
poet.
永田明不仅仅是位科学家，还是位诗人。
[思维拓展]
more
than的用法
修饰名词时，表示“不仅仅，不止(＝not
only)”。
Bamboo
is
used
for
more
than
buildings.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。
后接数字，表示“超过；多于”。
More
than
70
percent
of
our
planet
is
covered
by
water.我们的星球有70%以上被水覆盖。
修饰形容词、副词、动词、分词或句子时，起加强语气的作用，表示“十分”。
They
were
more
than
glad
to
help.他们非常乐意帮忙。
more...than...与其说……倒不如说……；比……更……
She
is
more
lazy(不用lazier)
than
unintelligent.
与其说她不聪明倒不如说她懒惰。
[即学即练]
He
is
more
than
happy
today.
2
[典型例句]
Things
are
looking
up!
情况正在好转！
I
often
look
up
the
new
words
in
the
dictionary.
我经常在词典中查生词。
Do
look
me
up
the
next
time
you're
in
London.
你下一次到伦敦，一定来看我。
[思维拓展]
look
after照料；照顾 look
ahead展望未来
look
around环顾；四下看
look
at看；检查
look
back
on回忆
look
down
upon瞧不起
look
into调查；审查
[即学即练]
When
I
look
back
on
2014，I
am
proud
of
what
we
have
achieved.
3
[典型例句]
This
word
is
no
longer
in
use.
(＝This
word
is
not
in
use
any
longer.)
这个词现在已经不再使用了。
She
could
no
longer
find
her
blue
dress.
(＝She
could
not
find
her
blue
dress
any
longer.)
她再也找不到她那条蓝色的裙子了。
注意：no
longer通常用于行为动词之前、be动词之后。
[易混辨析]
no
longer,
no
more等
与live,
work,
stay,
support等延续性动词连用，强调过去的情况不再延续，用no
longer,
not...any
longer或not...any
more均可，但不可用no
more；强调数量、程度或做某事的次数减少，用no
more或not...any
more，一般与come,
go,
stand,
visit等非延续性动词连用。
She
no
longer
lives
here.＝She
doesn't
live
here
any
longer/more.
她不在这儿住了。(强调过去的情况不再延续)
He
still
smokes,
but
he
drinks
no
more/doesn't
drink
any
more.
他还抽烟，但不再喝酒了。(强调动作的次数减少)
[即学即练]
He
didn't
smoke
any
longer
(long)
after
the
operation.
4
out
of
work失业
[典型例句]
They're
out
of
work
and
have
to
stay
at
home
now.
他们现在失业了，不得不待在家里。
Life
was
very
hard
since
both
of
them
were
out
of
work.
他们两个都失业了，生活非常困难。
[思维拓展]
out
of
employment
失业
lose
one's
job
失业
[即学即练]
I
was
worried
about
whether
I
would
be
out
of
work.
5
[典型例句]
I'll
keep
you
company
while
you're
waiting.
你等待时我会陪着你。
[思维拓展]
for
company陪着；陪伴
in
company
with
sb.与某人一起
He
will
go
with
us
to
the
airport
for
company.
他将陪我们去机场。
She
arrived
in
company
with
the
captain.
她与船长一起到达。
[即学即练]
My
sister
has
come
from
America
to
keep
me
(I)
company
during
my
illness.
6
[典型例句]
Of
course
we
have
to
pay
for
what
we
buy.
我们买东西当然得付钱。
If
you
don't
work
now,
you'll
pay
for
it
later
when
you
fail
your
exams.
你现在不好好学，当你考试不及格时就会为此而付出代价。
[思维拓展]
pay
off
得到好结果；取得成功；全部偿还；还清
pay
money
for
sth.付钱买……
pay
back
还钱，偿还；报复
Did
your
plan
pay
off?
你的计划成功了吗？
He
paid
me
back
by
not
coming.
他以不出现的方式报复了我。
注意：pay
off表示“得到回报”时，没有被动语态，以事作主语；而pay
back要以人作宾语，表示向某人进行报复。
[即学即练]
(1)Her
parents
paid_for
her
to
go
to
Canada.
她父母出钱送她去加拿大。
(2)They
took
a
hell
of
a
risk
but
it
paid_off.
他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。
7
[典型例句]
You
may
apply
for
tickets
in
person
or
by
letter.
需票者可亲自来申请亦可来信索取。
[思维拓展]
apply
v．应用；运用；申请；请求
apply
to
sb./sth.适用于某人或某物
apply
sth.
to
sth.把某物应用于某物
apply
to
sb.
for
向某人申请
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.专注于；专心做某事
What
you
said
doesn't
apply
to
me.
你所说的并不适合我。
They
had
to
apply
to
the
media
for
help.
他们只好向媒体请求帮助。
[即学即练]
The
rules
of
safety
driving
apply
to
everyone，because
life
is
the
most
important.
8
take
care
of照料；抚养
[典型例句]
She
promised
to
take
care
of
my
children
while
I
was
away.
她答应在我不在时会照顾我的孩子的。
We've
asked
my
mother
to
take
care
of
the
kids
while
we're
away.
我们已请我母亲在我们外出时照看孩子。
You
can
borrow
my
camera
if
you
promise
to
take
care
of
it.
只要你答应把我的照相机保管好就可以借去用。
[思维拓展]
care
about关心；顾虑，在乎
care
for喜欢；愿意；关心，爱护；照顾
take
care
当心；小心
with
care
小心地
Don't
you
care
about
our
country's
future?
难道你不为国家的未来担忧吗？
He
spent
years
caring
for
his
sick
mother.
他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲。
[即学即练]
Yuan
Longping
is
a
famous
scientist
who
doesn't
care
about
his
clothes.
9
[典型例句]
The
teacher
together
with
some
students
is
visiting
the
factory.
这位老师连同几个学生正在参观这家工厂。
He
sent
me
the
book，together
with
a
letter.
他把书寄给我，还附上了一封信。
[思维拓展]
主语后面接有together
with，along
with，as
well
as，except，besides等修饰语时，谓语动词仍与主语保持一致。
She，along
with
her
mother
and
brother，was
working
at
the
same
factory.
她连同她妈妈和弟弟，都在同一家工厂工作。
[即学即练]
He,
along
with
his
friends，is
(be)
to
go
camping.
10
[典型例句]
How
does
she
keep
smiling
after
all
she's
gone
through?
她经历了这一切后怎么还能保持笑容？
Some
of
the
students
had
gone
through
hardships
before
they
entered
the
university.
有些大学生在进入大学之前经历过艰苦的生活。
[思维拓展]
break
through冲破
get
through完成，通过
live
through活过……
look
through浏览
cut
through穿过
put
through接通电话
go
after追求；追逐
go
by过去；流逝
go
on
(with)发生；继续下去
go
against不利于；违背；反对
go
up上升；上涨
go
over复习；重温；仔细检查
go
out熄灭；过时；出去
[即学即练]
I
had
to
go
through
a
lot
of
difficulties
to
become
strong
enough
to
solve
it.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．For
many，fishing
is
more
than
a
sport；it
is
an
art.
2．If
there
are
words
you
do
not
understand，look
them
up
in
a
dictionary.
3．To
his
wife's
surprise，he
has
been
out
of
work
for
half
a
year.
4．There
was
almost
no
wind—only
the
flames
of
our
fire
for
company.
5．I
paid
him
20
yuan
for
the
T?shirt.
6．The
state
must
care
for
the
families
of
soldiers
killed
in
the
war.
7．In
order
to
prove
that
I
could
take
care
of
myself,
I
washed
my
own
clothes
the
second
afternoon,
though
I
could
wait
for
Mother
to
do
it.
8．Could
I
apply
for
the
job
for
my
little
brother?
9．My
friend
Ann，together
with
me，is
(be)
going
to
do
field
study.
10．Being
a
winner
doesn't
mean
you'll
always
get
everything
you
want，but
it
does
mean
you'll
go
after
your
goals
in
ways
that
are
reliable.
1
There
are
countless
articles
telling
us
how
the
Internet
has
made
our
lives
more
convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是There
are
countless
articles；telling
us
how
the
Internet
has
made
our
lives
more
convenient是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词articles，其中又包含了how引导的宾语从句。
(2)telling
us
how
the
Internet...为现在分词短语作定语修饰前面的名词articles，表示它与articles之间存在主谓关系。
[易混辨析]
现在分词和过去分词都可用作定语，它们的区别有两点：
①现在分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在主谓关系，过去分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在动宾关系。如：
I
like
books
written
by
Zhang
Ailing.
我喜欢张爱玲写的书。(write与books之间为动宾关系)
Do
you
know
the
woman
wearing
a
pair
of
glasses?
你认识那个戴眼镜的妇女吗？(the
woman与wear之间为主谓关系)
②现在分词意为“令人……的”，表示被修饰的人或物给别人的感受；过去分词意为“……的”，强调被修饰的人自身的感受。如：
We're
surprised
at
the
astonishing
news.
这条令人震惊的消息使我们大吃一惊。(表示消息令人震惊)
Did
you
notice
the
puzzled
expression
on
his
face?
你注意到他脸上困惑的表情了吗？(表示他很困惑)
[即学即练]
This
will
be
the
best
novel
of
its
kind
ever
written
(write)．
2
We
can
download
software，documents，and
images
whenever
we
need
them.
我们可以下载软件、文档和图像，无论何时我们需要它们。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是We
can
download
software，documents，and
images；后面是whenever引导的时间状语从句。
(2)whenever引导状语从句
whenever常用来引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句。
—
Whenever
she
comes，she
brings
a
present.她每次来都带个礼物。(时间状语从句)
Whenever(＝No
matter
when)
you
decide
to
go，I
will
keep
you
company.无论你决定何时去，我都会陪你。(让步状语从句)
[思维拓展]
Wherever(＝No
matter
where)
you
are，you
can't
be
happy
without
a
friend.无论你在哪儿，没有朋友就不会快乐。(Wherever在此引导让步状语从句)
However(＝No
matter
how)
difficult
the
task
may
be，I
will
finish
it
on
time.不管这项任务有多困难，我都将按时完成。(However在此引导让步状语从句)
It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
whatever
he
or
she
wants.人们普遍认为，孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。(whatever在此引导宾语从句)
Whoever
leaves
the
room
at
last
ought
to
turn
off
the
lights.无论是谁最后离开房间都应该把灯关掉。(Whoever在此引导主语从句)
[即学即练]
判断下列句子中“特殊疑问词＋?ever”引导的从句类型
(1)But
however
long
it
takes，the
technology
has
the
potential
to
change
our
transportation
systems
and
our
cities，for
better
or
for
worse，depending
on
how
the
transformation
is
regulated.让步状语从句
(2)Exercising
makes
you
more
awake
and
ready
to
handle
whatever
is
ahead
of
you
for
the
day.宾语从句____
(3)If
you
feed
a
baby
whenever
he
is
hungry，you
will
have
less
difficulty
when
taking
care
of
him
later.时间状语从句
3
At
age
50，she
found
herself
out
of
work
and
stuck
at
home
with
only
her
computer
to
keep
her
company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。此句结构为“find＋宾语＋宾补”，out
of
work和stuck
at
home是句子的宾语补足语，说明宾语herself的处境。with
only
her
computer
to
keep
her
company是“with＋名词＋to
do”结构，在句中作stuck的伴随状语。
(2)find的复合宾语结构
find＋宾语＋
I
found
my
letter
torn
into
pieces
after
I
opened
the
drawer.
我打开抽屉发现我的信被撕成了碎片。
Often
he
found
her
quietly
weeping
alone.
他经常发现她独自一人静静地流泪。
He
found
his
door
open
when
he
came
back.
当他回来时，他发现门开着。
[即学即练]
(1)When
he
arrived，he
found
all_the_work_finished.
当他到达时，他发现所有的工作都已做完了。
(2)When
she
woke
up，she
found_herself_lying
in
hospital.
当她醒来的时候，她发现自己躺在医院里。
(3)We
find
the_story_very_interesting.
我们发现这个故事很有趣。
(4)You'll
find
it_a_difficult_book.
你会发现它是一本难懂的书。
4
She
also
joined
an
online
group
where
she
could
talk
about
her
problems
and
get
support
and
advice
from
others.
她还加入了一个在线小组，在那里她可以谈论自己的问题，并从他人那里得到支持和建议。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She
also
joined
an
online
group，后面是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词group。
(2)where引导从句的用法
从句类型
where的语法功能
从句的语法功能
地点状语从句
where为从属连词，引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
表示主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的地点。
定语从句
where为关系副词，引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
整个从句作定语，修饰先行词。
名词性从句
where为连接副词，引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
整个从句相当于一个表示地点的名词。
A
number
of
high
buildings
have
arisen
where
there
was
nothing
but
ruins
a
year
ago.
很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来。(where引导地点状语从句)
The
bookshop
where
I
bought
this
book
is
not
far
from
here.
我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。(where引导定语从句)
Where
we
shall
spend
our
holiday
this
summer
has
not
been
decided.
我们今年夏天将在哪里度假还没有定下来。(where引导主语从句)
[即学即练]
(1)Opposite
is
St.
Paul's
Church，where
you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.
(2)Located
where
the
Belt
meets
the
Road，Jiangsu
will
contribute
more
to
the
Belt
and
Road
construction.
(3)In
the
story，what
the
old
man's
sons
wanted
to
know
was
where
the
gold
had
been
hidden.
5
She
was
so
inspired
by
the
people
she
met
online
that
she
decided
to
start
an
IT
club
to
teach
older
people
how
to
use
computers
and
the
Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。该句使用了so...that...句型结构，其中的she
met
online是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰前面的名词the
people。
(2)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，that是连词，在句中引导结果状语从句。
She
was
so
angry
that
she
couldn't
say
a
word.
她是如此生气，以至于她一句话都说不出来。
Our
team
played
so
well
that
we
won
the
game.
我们的球队踢得很好，结果赢了比赛。
[思维拓展]
so/such...that...常用的句型有：
①so＋adj./adv.＋that从句
He
studied
so
hard
that
he
passed
the
important
exam.
他学习如此努力，结果通过了那次重要的考试。
②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句
It
is
so
interesting
a
book
that
I
want
to
buy
it.
这是如此有趣的一本书，以至于我想把它买下来。
③so＋many/few/much/little＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句
There
is
so
much
noise
here
that
I
can't
hear
you.
这里的噪音这么大，以至于我听不到你在说什么。
④such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句
This
is
such
an
expensive
car
that
I
can't
afford
to
buy
it.
这辆车如此贵，以至于我买不起。
⑤such＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋that从句
It
was
such
fine
weather
that
we
decided
to
go
on
an
outing.
天气如此好，以至于我们决定去郊游。
[即学即练]
(1)He
is
so_clever_that
he
can
answer
all
the
questions.
他很聪明以至于他能回答所有问题。
(2)There
are
so
many
flowers
that
I
don't
know
which
I
will
pick.
(3)Peter
was
so
excited
(excite)
when
he
received
an
invitation
from
his
friend
to
visit
Chongqing.
6
Now
that
he
works
and
can
take
care
of
himself，his
daughter
has
time
to
study
at
university.
由于他工作并能照顾自己，他女儿有时间在大学学习了。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。Now
that
he
works
and
can
take
care
of
himself是原因状语从句，his
daughter
has
time
to
study
at
university是主句。
(2)now
that既然，由于
Now
that
the
kids
have
left
home
we've
got
a
lot
of
extra
space.
由于孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了。
Now
that
you
have
finished
your
work,
you'd
better
have
a
rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。
[易混辨析]
now
that,
because,
since,
as,
for
now
that
固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，that
可以省略。
because
表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用
why
提问的问句。
since
意为“既然”，表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。(可与
now
that
互换)。
as
意为“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。语气比
because
弱。
for
意为“因为”，并列连词，表示补充说明的理由。引导分句，不能置于句首。
注意：类似
although/though
不能与
but
连用，because
不能与
so
连用，当
since,
now
that
引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加
so
等连词。
[译]既然你已经准备好了，我们现在可以走了。
[误]Now
that
you
are
ready,
so
we
can
go
now.
[正]Now
that
you
are
ready,
we
can
go
now.
[思维拓展]
up
to
now/until
now到目前为止
(every)
now
and
then不时；时而
[即学即练]
一句多译
既然你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。
Since_you_have_long_been_interested_in
Chinese
culture,
I
think
Beijing
Language
and
Culture
University
is
an
ideal
place
for
you.
Now_that_you_have_long_been_interested_in
Chinese
culture,
I
think
Beijing
Language
and
Culture
University
is
an
ideal
place
for
you.
7
She
believes
that
it
is
highly
important
to
bridge
the
digital
divide
and
make
sure
that
everyone
has
access
to
the
Internet
and
knows
how
to
use
new
technology.
她认为，消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术，是非常重要的。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。句中从第一个that到句尾是that引导的宾语从句，作动词believes的宾语；make
sure与前面的bridge并列，此处bridge是动词，意思是“架起桥梁、消除(隔阂)”；that
everyone
has
access
to
the
Internet
and
knows
how
to
use
new
technology是that引导的宾语从句，作make
sure的宾语，knows与前面的has并列。
(2)make
sure确定；确信；查明；弄清楚
I
must
go
back
and
make
sure
(that)
I
closed
the
door.
我必须回去确定我已关好了门。
注意：make
sure
后一般不接不定式作宾语，后接名词时需加介词of/about；后接从句时，使用一般现在时态表示将来。
[易混辨析]
make
sure/be
sure
make
sure
指“务必”“确保”将某事弄清楚。
二者后面均可接of
或about的短语。
be
sure
指某人对某事或对某种情况有把握，常意为“确信”。
I
have
made
sure
that
he
is
honest.
我已了解清楚他是诚实的。
I
am
sure
that
he
is
honest.
我相信他是诚实的。
[即学即练]
Sydney
promised
her
that
he
would
always
do
anything
he
could
for
her
to
make
sure
of
her
happiness.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．They
are
building
a
road
leading
(lead)
to
the
mountains.
2．The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
whoever
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
3．So
whenever
in
trouble，just
face
it
bravely
and
you
are
sure
to
make
it
sooner
or
later.
4．Cultural
differences
occur
wherever
you
go.When
visiting
another
country，you
should
be
aware
of
those
differences
and
respect
them.
5．Now
when
people
refer
to
England
you
find
Wales
included
(include)
as
well.
6．With
his
homework
finished
(finish)，his
mother
allowed
him
to
watch
TV
for
an
hour.
7．Tom
is
so
honest
a
boy
that
he
never
tells
a
lie.
8．I
have
heard
nothing
from
him
up
to
now.
9．With
a
guide
to_show
(show)
us
around
the
scenic
spots,
we're
sure
to
have
a
good
time.
10．With
several
problems
remaining
(remain)
to
be
solved,
we
still
needed
to
hold
another
meeting
as
soon
as
possible.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He
had
lost
his
identity
(身份)
card
and
was
being
questioned
by
the
police.
2．Nowadays
convenient
(方便的)
transport
makes
it
possible
for
us
to
travel
around
the
world
within
hours.
3．China
welcomed
foreign
aid
in
the
form
of
material
and
cash
(现金)．
4．Not
only
am
I
interested
in
photography,
but
I
took
an
amateur
course
at
university
to
update
(更新)
my
skills.
5．I
hope
we
students
will
benefit
(受益)
from
your
presence.
6．Place
the
phone
at
a
distance
(距离)
of
at
least
50
centimeters
while
you
are
sleeping.
7．His
encouraging
remarks
inspired
(激励)
me
with
confidence.
8．The
only
access
(通路)
to
the
farmhouse
is
across
the
fields.
9．What
makes
Musician
Corps
unique
compared
with
other
charity
(慈善)
organizations?
10．I
know
we
can
depend
on
her
to
deal
with
the
tough
(艰难的)
situation.
11．Last
week,
I
attended
an
English
speech
contest
intended
for
high
school
students
all
over
the
province
(省)
and
won
first
prize.
12．Many
experts
attended
the
conference
(会议),
most
of
them
from
the
United
States.
13．The
income
gap
between
China's
rural
and
urban
residents
(居民)
has
continued
to
widen
during
the
past
few
years
in
spite
of
rapidly
rising
rural
incomes.
14．Send
a
cheque
for
￡18.99
plus
(加)￡2
for
postage
and
packing.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．At
the
same
time,
I
made
up
my
mind
to
study
harder
rather
than
waste
precious
time
on
those
useless
things,
such
as
playing
video
games
and
chatting
(chat)
online.
2．If
you
are
interested,
please
send
an
application
email
at
your
earliest
convenience.
3．There
is
no
doubt
that
we
can
benefit
from
the
training
we
are
being
given.
4．It
is
universally
acknowledged
that
learning
English
well
will
be
of
great
benefit
to
us
all.
5．We
slept
in
a
tent,
cooked
over
an
open
fire,
and
walked
a
long
distance
(distant)
to
take
a
shower
and
use
the
bathroom.
6．It
was
difficult
to
get
to
know
her
because
she
always
kept
everyone
at
a
distance.
7．The
possibility
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to_explore
(explore)
the
outer
space.
8．All
the
sites
are
free
to
the
public
and
accessible
(access)
to
anyone
with
an
Internet
connection.
9．My
friend
Bill
is
coming
to
see
me
in
company
with
his
new
friend.
10．During
the
next
ten
years
they
both
worked
day
and
night
to
pay
back
the
money
they
had
borrowed.
11．The
text
is
especially
helpful
for
those
who
care
about
their
body
shape.
12．The
new
technology
was
applied
to
farming.
13．I
was
reading
magazines
in
the
room
when
all
of
a
sudden
the
light
went
out.
14．After
graduation
he
went
back
to
the
school
to
visit
his
English
teacher
every
now
and
then.
15．With
more
and
more
forests
damaged
(damage),
some
animals
and
plants
are
facing
the
danger
of
dying
out.
PAGEUnit
3
The
internet
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
——现在完成时的被动语态——
一、现在完成时的被动语态的形式
现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成是：have/has
been
done。但在不同的句式中，其具体形式也有所不同。
1．肯定句形式
主语＋have/has＋been＋done＋其他。如：
The
bridge
over
the
Yellow
River
has
just
been
completed.
黄河上的桥刚刚建成。
The
chicken
has
been
stewed
for
two
hours.
鸡已经炖了两个小时了。
2．否定句形式
主语＋have/has＋not＋been＋done＋其他。如：
They
haven't
been
told
the
exciting
news
yet,
have
they?
还没有告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，对吗？
The
second?hand
car
has
not
been
sold.
这辆二手汽车还没有卖出去。
3．一般疑问形式
Have/Has＋主语＋been
done＋其他？如：
—Has
her
work
been
finished?
——她的工作完成了吗？
—Yes,
it
has.
——是的，完成了。
4．特殊疑问形式
特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been
done＋其他？如：
How
long
has
the
machine
been
used?
这台机器使用多久啦？
二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already,
yet,
never,
recently
等副词及时间状语so
far,
by
now,
up
till
now,
since...等连用。如：
The
room
has
already
been
cleaned.
房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已不用打扫房间了)
The
doctor
hasn't
been
sent
for
yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since
等引导的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how
long
引导的句子中。如：
The
machine
has
been
repaired
for
two
hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
How
long
has
the
project
been
carried
out?
这项工程已实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)
三、现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项
1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has
和
been，两者缺一不可。
2．现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。如：
The
big
fire
was
put
out
two
hours
ago.
大火两小时前被扑灭了。
The
big
fire
has
been
put
out.
大火已经被扑灭了。
3．finish,
buy,
start,
begin,
post,
return,
borrow,
join,
open
等非持续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
这个工程开始多久了？
【误】How
long
has
this
project
been
started?
【正】How
long
ago
was
this
project
started?
4．动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如：
It
is
said
that
the
problem
has
been
looked
into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
1．In
the
last
few
years
thousands
of
films
have_been_produced
(produce)
all
over
the
world.
2．Shakespeare's
play
Hamlet
has_been_made
(make)
into
at
least
ten
different
films
over
the
past
years.
3．So
far
about
five
thousand
trees
have_been_planted
(plant)
around
our
village.
4．The
diamond
mine
was_discovered
(discover)
accidentally
by
a
little
boy
when
he
was
playing
hide?and?seek.
5．Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
city,
and
a
lot
of
factories
have_been_set
(set)
up
recently.
PAGEUnit
3
The
internet
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．function
n．功能；作用；机能
vi.起作用；正常工作；运转→functional
adj.作用的；
功能的；运转的
2．battery
n．电池
3．confirm
vt.确认；使确信→confirmation
n．证实，证明，确定，证明书→confirmed
adj.成习惯的，根深蒂固的
4．Wi?Fi
n．无线保真(用无线电波而非网线在计算机网络传输数据的系统)
5．press
vt.按，压；敦促→pressure
n．压力
6．button
n．按钮；纽扣
7．file
n．文件；文件夹；档案
8．discount
n．折扣
vt.打折
9．account
n．账户；描述→accountant
n．会计
10．click
vt.&vi.点击
11．theft
n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪→thief
n．贼；小偷；窃贼
12．rude
adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudeness
n．粗鲁；无礼
13．target
n．目标；对象；靶子
vt.把……作为攻击目标
14．false
adj.假的；错误的
15．particular
adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的→particularly
adv.特别；尤其
16．embarrassing
adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→embarrassed
adj.尴尬的；难堪的；困窘的→embarrass
vt.使尴尬；使难堪→embarrassment
n．尴尬
17．upset
adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的
vt.使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
18．guideline
n．准则；指导原则
19．author
n．作者；作家→authority
n．权力；权威
20．tip
n．忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
21．familiar
adj.熟悉；熟知
22．define
vt.给……下定义；界定；解释→definition
n．(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义，解释；定义；清晰度
23．case
n．盒；箱；情况；案件
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in
shape状况良好
2．keep
track
of
掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
3．make
fun
of
取笑；戏弄
4．keep(...)
in
mind
牢记
5．add...to
...把……加到……上
6．on
the
Internet在网上
7．first
of
all首先，第一
8．give
out
分发；发出(气味；热等)
9．in
order
to
为了……
10．be
mean
to
对……刻薄/小气
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．This
app
keeps
you
updated
on
all
your
favourite
topics.
这个应用程序让你更新所有你最喜欢的话题。
2．However，the
more
polite
you
are，the
less
likely
it
is
you
will
be
attacked.
然而，你越有礼貌，你就越不可能受到攻击。
1
[典型例句]
This
organization
performs
an
important
function
in
this
country.
这个组织在这个国家起着重大作用。
The
machine
does
not
function
properly.
这台机器运转不正常。
[思维拓展]
function
as起……作用；用作……
This
chair
can
also
function
as
a
bed.
这把椅子也可以当床用。
[即学即练]
His
computer
functions
properly
(proper)．
2
[典型例句]
The
expression
on
his
face
confirmed
me
in
my
suspicions.
他脸上的表情证实了我的怀疑。
New
evidence
has
confirmed
the
first
witness's
story.
新的证据证明了第一个证人的说法。
Could
you
confirm
the
dates
we
discussed?
你能确认我们商讨过的日期吗？
[思维拓展]
confirm
sb./sth.
in
sth.
使感觉更强烈；使确信
confirm
sb.
as
sth.
批准某人任某职
It
has
been
confirmed
that...已经确定……
confirmation
n.
[C，U]证实；证明书；确认书
confirmed
adj.
成习惯的；根深蒂固的
[即学即练]
(1)The
experiment
confirmed_his_theory.
那实验印证了他的理论。
(2)The
President
confirmed
that
he
would
visit
Japan
the
following
month.
总统证实他将于下个月访问日本。
(3)Their
advice
confirmed_my_decision.
他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。
3
[典型例句]
She
pressed
her
face
against
the
window.
她把脸贴在窗子上。
They
are
pressing
us
to
make/into
making
a
quick
decision.
他们正催促我们尽快做出决定。
They
continued
to
press
us
into
a
change
in
the
law.
他们不断要求我们修改这项法律。
[思维拓展]
press
sb.
to
do/into
(doing)
sth.催促某人做某事
press
for
sth.不断要求
press
sth.
on
sb.勉强某人接受
pressure
n．压力
press
n．按；压(常用单数)；新闻界；报刊(与the连用)
He
gave
the
bell
another
press.
他又按了一下门铃。
The
power
of
the
press
is
very
great.
新闻报刊的力量是极大的。
[即学即练]
(1)Before
an
exam,
parents
are
advised
to
take
pressure
(press)
off
their
children
and
give
them
some
encouragement.
(2)Drago
pressed
(press)
a
button
and
the
door
closed.
4
[典型例句]
A
stack
of
files
awaited
me
on
my
desk.
我桌上有一堆文件正待我去处理。
Police
have
kept
a
file
on
the
missing
girl.
警方保存着这个失踪女孩的档案。
[思维拓展]
keep
a
file
on...保存关于……的档案
on
file
存档，在档
file
v．把……归档；提交
file...with...把……提交给……
file
sth.
away
把……按……归档
I
filed
the
letters
away
in
a
drawer.
我把信件存放到抽屉里了。
He
filed
the
application
with
the
authorities.
他向当局提出了申请书。
[即学即练]
He
sat
behind
a
table
on
which
there
were
half
a
dozen
files
(file)．
5
discount
n．折扣
vt.打折
[典型例句]
He
bought
the
house
at
a
10%
discount.
他以9折的价钱买了这座房子。
[思维拓展]
offer/give
sb.
a
discount
向某人提供折扣
at
a
discount
以折扣价；打折
at
a
discount
of
按……的折扣
[巧学妙记]
dis?(不)＋count(算)→discount
n.
折扣
[即学即练]
A
number
of
people
rushed
into
the
supermarket
when
the
goods
were
sold
at
a
discount.
6
[典型例句]
What's
your
account
number
please?
请问你的账户号码是什么？
He
gave
a
detailed
account
of
what
happened
on
the
fateful
night.
他详细描述了那个灾难性夜晚所发生的事。
[思维拓展]
on
account
of因为，由于
on
no
account决不(位于句首，句子要用倒装)
give
an
account
of报告；叙述；说明
take
sth.into
account＝take
account
of
sth.对某事加以考虑
account
v．说明，解释；(数量/比例上)占
account
for解释，说明；(比例上)占
[即学即练]
(1)He
could
not
account_for
his
foolish
mistake.
他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢错误。
(2)Give
us
an_account_of
what
happened.
跟我们说一下到底发生了什么。
(3)She
retired
early
on_account_of
ill
health.
她体弱多病，所以提前退休了。
(4)The
company
takes_account_of
environmental
issues
wherever
possible.
只要有可能，这家公司会考虑到环境问题。
7
[典型例句]
It's
rude
to
speak
when
you're
eating.
吃东西的时候说话不礼貌。
Don't
be
so
rude
to
your
parents!
别对你的父母这么没礼貌！
[思维拓展]
be
rude
to
sb.
对某人无礼
It's
rude
to
do
sth.
做某事是不礼貌的
rudeness
n.
[U]粗蛮；无礼
[即学即练]
Only
when
he
apologizes
for
his
rudeness
(rude)
will
I
speak
to
him
again.
8
[典型例句]
I
remembered
a
particular
story
about
a
postman
who
was
a
murderer.
我记得有个特别的故事，讲的是一个邮递员杀人的事情。
I
have
to
know
exactly
why
it
is
I'm
doing
a
particular
job.
我必须明确知道我为什么要做一项特定的工作。
I
don't
have
any
particular
reason
to
distrust
them.
我没有任何特别的理由怀疑他们。
[思维拓展]
be
particular
about对……挑剔；
对……讲究
in
particular尤其；特别
particularly
adv.特别；
尤其
Ted
was
very
particular
about
the
colors
he
used.
特德在用色上非常讲究。
I
went
along
thinking
of
nothing
in
particular
only
looking
at
things
around
me.
我一路走着，没想什么特别的事，只是四下张望着。
[即学即练]
(1)Don't
be
too
particular
about
what
you
eat
and
wear;
pay
more
attention
to
your
study
and
work.
(2)He
particularly
(particular)
enjoyed
playing
a
trick
on
the
three
men.
9
[典型例句]
It
can
be
embarrassing
to
have
a
child
say
what
he
does
not
want
to.
要一个孩子说他不愿意说的东西令人尴尬。
[易混辨析]
embarrassed/embarrassing
embarrassed“尴尬的，陷入困境的”，修饰人。
embarrassing
adj.令人难堪的，修饰事物。
She
is
embarrassed
about
her
weight.
她因自己的体重而尴尬。
She
asked
a
lot
of
embarrassing
questions.
她问了许多令人尴尬的问题。
[即学即练]
I
felt
embarrassed
(embarrass)
when
I
had
to
sing
songs
in
front
of
my
classmates.
[典型例句]
James
was
upset
because
he
had
lost
his
ticket.
詹姆斯很沮丧，因为他把票丢了。
It
upset
him
that
nobody
had
told
him
about
this
matter.
让他不高兴的是，没有人告诉他这件事。
[思维拓展]
be
upset
about/over
sth.
为某事烦心
be
upset
with
sb.
生某人的气
It
upsets
sb.
that...
让某人不高兴的是……
It
upsets
sb.
to
do
sth.
做某事使某人不安/心烦
[巧学妙记]
up
(向上)＋set
(下落)；(心中)七上八下；忐忑→upset
adj.
心烦意乱的
[即学即练]
(1)She
was
upset
that
he
had
left
without
saying
goodbye.
→It
upset_her
that
he
had
left
without
saying
goodbye.
(2)The
wind
has_upset
(upset)
the
bird's
nest
since
you
left.
(3)Upsetting
(upset)
people
with
unsigned
messages
is
cruel
and
disgusting.
(4)But
my
parents
don't
understand
me,
which
upsets
(upset)
me.
11
[典型例句]
Yao
Ming
is
a
familiar
star
to
us.
姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。
Are
you
familiar
with
the
computer
software
they
use?
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
This
nursery
rhyme
is
very
familiar
to
me.
我对这首童谣很熟悉。
[思维拓展]
be
familiar
with
对……熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词；with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。
be
familiar
to
为……所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物，to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。
sb.be
familiar
with
sb.某人与某人亲密无间
[即学即练]
(1)I
believe
these
donated
books
will
not
only
make
you
more
familiar
with
China
but
also
help
improve
your
Chinese.
(2)The
song
he
sang
at
the
party
is
familiar
to
all
of
us.
12
[典型例句]
The
police
found
the
witness
to
the
murder
case.
警察找到了那个谋杀案的目击者。
This
rule
can't
be
applied
to
every
case.
这项规则不是所有情况都适用。
In
case
he
arrives
before
I
get
back,
please
ask
him
to
wait.
万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。
[思维拓展]
in
case(以防)万一(后可接从句，也可置于句末)
in
case
of要是……；在……时候(后接名词或代词)
in
this
case如果这样的话
in
that
case如果那样的话
in
any
case无论如何
in
no
case决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)
[即学即练]
(1)Take
your
umbrella
in_case
it
rains.
拿着你的雨伞以防下雨。
(2)In_case_of
fire,
open
this
safety
door.
一旦发生火灾，打开这扇安全门。
(3)In_no_case
may
you
leave
the
baby
alone
at
home.
你决不能把孩子一个人留在家里。
考点集训一
单句语法填空
1．The
city
will
use
solar,
wind,
and
wave
power
to
keep
it
functioning
(function)
and
use
its
large
gardens
to
supply
food.
2．When
asked,
she
confirmed
(confirm)
that
she
was
going
to
retire.
3．She
stood
up
and
leaned
forward
with
her
hands
pressing
(press)
down
on
the
desk.
4．The
application
of
new
technologies
and
the
wide
appeal
of
movie
stars
could
also
account
for
the
increase.
5．I
was
a
new
teacher,
and
I
gave
an
honest
account
of
the
students'
work.
6．It
is
rude
of
you
to
speak
to
Father
like
that
and
I
won't
have
you
speaking
to
Father
like
that
in
future.
7．Most
young
architects
(建筑师)
—particularly
(particular)
those
in
big
cities
—
can
only
dream
about
working
in
a
building
of
their
own.
8．What
embarrassed
(embarrass)
me
most
was
that
my
request
was
refused
without
any
reason.
9．When
the
news
came,
I
felt
so
embarrassed
(embarrass)
that
I
just
want
to
find
a
place
to
hide
myself.
10．The
male
character
is
played
by
a
very
famous
actor
and
the
actress
is
familiar
to
us
all
as
well.
11．—The
first
bus
has
just
left
and
the
next
bus
will
come
in
twenty
minutes.
—In
this
case,
we
will
have
to
wait.
1
[典型例句]
The
longer
you
have
been
in
shape
in
the
past,
the
quicker
you
will
regain
fitness
in
future.
过去健美身形保持的时间越长，将来身材恢复得就越快。
I
must
get
in
shape,
otherwise
I
will
lose
the
game.
我必须保持良好的状态，否则我会输了比赛。
[思维拓展]
be
in
good/bad
shape情况良好/不佳
out
of
shape变形/走样；身体不舒服
in
the
shape
of某种形状的；呈……的形状
shape...into...把……加工/塑造成……
[即学即练]
The
children
enjoy
shaping
the
snow
into
figures
of
people
and
animals.
[典型例句]
With
eleven
thousand
employees,
it's
very
difficult
to
keep
track
of
them
all.
对于一支1.1万人的员工队伍，很难及时了解到所有人的动态。
I
use
a
small
notebook
to
keep
track
of
all
the
new
sentences
I
learn.
我用一个小笔记本记录我所学到的所有新句子。
[思维拓展]
lose
track
of跟不上……的进展；不再掌握……的最新情况
on
the
right
track在正确的轨道上；做得对；步入正轨
make
tracks
抓紧动身，匆匆赶路
[即学即练]
His
mind
would
wander,
and
he
would
lose
track
of
what
he
was
doing.
3
add...to...把……加到……上
[典型例句]
Do
you
want
to
add
your
name
to
the
list?
你想把你的名字加到名单里吗？
Suzuki
has
added
extra
doors
to
its
sports
off?roader.
铃木公司为其运动越野车增加了额外的车门。
[易混辨析]
add
up,
add
to,
add...to...,
add
up
to
add
up
意为“合计；把……加起来”。
add
to
意为“添加；增添”，其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词。
add...to...
意为“把……加到……上”。
add
up
to
意为“合计达到”，后面多为合计起来的数目，不用于被动语态。
Please
add
up
these
numbers.
请把这些数字加起来。
Every
failure
one
meets
with
adds
to
one's
experience.
(谚)吃一堑，长一智。
Please
add
some
salt
to
the
water.
请往水里加些盐。
His
whole
school
education
added
up
to
no
more
than
one
year.
他所受的全部学校教育加起来不超过一年。
[即学即练]
The
president
said
it
was
not
easy
to
manage
a
company，adding
(add)
that
the
difficult
situation
at
present
added
to
the
difficulties.The
week
before，he
added
up
all
the
expenses
and
the
total
added
up
to
more
than
100,000
yuan.
4
[典型例句]
First
of
all,
I'd
like
to
give
a
little
background
information.
首先，我想讲一些背景知识。
[易混辨析]
(1)
first
of
all“首先，第一”，指按照时间顺序处于第一位的。(强调顺序)
First
of
all,
we
must
check
the
number.
首先，我们要核对一下数目。
First
of
all,
let
me
say
how
glad
I
am
to
be
here.
首先我要说，来到这里我是多么高兴。
(2)
above
all“首先，最重要的是”，相当于most
important
of
all。(强调重要性)
We
must
work
hard,
and
above
all
we
must
believe
that
each
of
us
is
able
to
do
something
well.
我们必须努力工作，尤其重要的是我们必须相信，我们每个人都能做好一些事情。
(3)
first“首先”，是从动作的先后角度来考虑的。
Before
we
go,
I
must
first
change
my
clothes.
在走之前我得先换衣服。
(4)
at
first“起初”，相当于at
the
beginning，含有后来不这样了的意思。
At
first
I
didn't
like
her,
but
now
I
do.
起初我不喜欢她，但现在我喜欢了。
[即学即练]
(1)At_first,_I
didn't
like
him,
but
afterwards
I
came
to
appreciate
him.
(2)Above_all,_make
sure
you
keep
in
touch.
(3)First_of_all,_let's
welcome
our
honoured
guest，Mr
Smith.
5
[典型例句]
The
teacher
gave
out
the
examination
papers
to
the
pupils.
老师把试卷发给了学生们。
These
flowers
give
out
a
sweet
perfume.
这些花发出芳香的气味。
[思维拓展]
give
out也可用作不及物动词短语，意为“被用完；耗尽；(机器等)失灵；(人)体力不支”；give
out，run
out，run
out
of
sth.，use
sth.
up都有“用完”之意，但run
out
of
sth.与use
sth.
up有宾语，而give
out与run
out是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语。
You
can't
have
a
hot
bath—the
water
will
give
out.
你不能洗热水澡——水快用完了。
The
gas
gave
out
and
we
had
to
walk
home.
汽油用完了，我们不得不走回家。
The
old
car
finally
gave
out.
那辆旧汽车终于动不了了。
My
money
has
run
out/given
out.
＝I
have
used
my
money
up./I
have
run
out
of
my
money.
＝My
money
has
been
run
out
of/used
up.
我的钱用完了。
[即学即练]
We
must
go
home.Our
money
has
given
out.
6
make
fun
of取笑；戏弄
[典型例句]
I
don't
make
fun
of
the
way
you
walk.
我并没有取笑你走路的方式。
[思维拓展]
for
fun为了娱乐，闹着玩地
have
fun＝enjoy
oneself玩得开心
in
fun开玩笑地，不是认真地
get
fun
out
of
doing
sth.通过做某事获得乐趣
be
full
of
fun很顽皮；很爱开玩笑
It's
fun
to
do
sth.做某事很有趣
There's
(no)
fun
in/doing
sth.做某事(没)有趣
注意：fun作不可数名词，表示“有趣的事或人”时，前面通常不加冠词。如：
Skating
is
good
fun.滑冰很有趣。
Your
friend
is
great
fun.你的朋友真逗趣。
[即学即练]
(1)People
make_fun_of
her
because
she
wears
such
a
strange
hat.
人们取笑她，因为她戴了一顶如此奇怪的帽子。
(2)We
had_a_lot_of_fun
at
the
party.
我们在聚会中玩得很痛快。
(3)Children
get_fun_out_of
dressing
in
old
people's
clothes.
孩子们穿着大人的衣服嬉闹，感到很好玩。
(4)The
little
dog's
full_of_fun.
那只小狗很顽皮。
7
keep(...)in
mind
牢记
[典型例句]
I'll
keep
your
advice
in
mind.
我会把你的劝告记在心里。
These
telephone
numbers
should
be
kept
in
mind.
必须记住这些电话号码。
You
must
constantly
keep
in
mind
that
haste
makes
waste.
你必须常记“欲速则不达”这一谚语。
[思维拓展]
bring...to
mind使……想起
come
to
mind想到
make
up
one's
mind下决心
set
one's
mind
on下决心要
[即学即练]
And
you
also
should
keep
it
in
mind
that
comparing
notes
with
your
classmates
frequently
is
a
good
way
to
improve
your
study.
考点集训二
单句语法填空
1．The
dictionary
is
out
of
date：many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
2．Whether
you
are
in
shape
or
not,
swimming
is
a
relaxing
way
of
being
and
getting
fit.
3．He
wonders
if
he's
on
the
right
track,
but
he's
afraid
to
ask.
4．It
may
help
you
to
keep
track
of
what
you
do
all
day
for
a
couple
of
weeks.
5．Can
you
give
the
drinks
out，please?
6．It's
wrong
of
the
other
children
to
make
fun
of
you.
7．Always
keep
in
mind
that
your
main
task
is
to
get
this
company
running
smoothly.
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。句中keep
you
updated是keep的复合宾语结构。
(2)“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式：
I
was
too
tired
to
keep
my
eyes
open.我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
You
should
keep
your
hands
behind
your
backs.
你们要把手放在背后。
A
cold
kept
him
in
bed
for
a
week.
感冒使他卧床一周。
I'm
sorry.
I
have
kept
you
waiting
outside
for
so
long.
对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。
Keep
your
mouth
shut
and
your
eyes
open.
少说话，多观察。
[即学即练]
Michael
put
up
a
picture
of
Yao
Ming
beside
the
bed
to
keep
himself
reminded
(remind)
of
his
own
dreams.
However，the
more
polite
you
are，the
less
likely
it
is
you
will
be
attacked.
然而，你越有礼貌，你就越不可能受到攻击。
句式分析：句中含有“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，该结构意为“(……)越……，(……)越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
The
more
a
man
knows,
the
more
he
is
inclined
to
be
modest.
[谚]大智若愚。
The
higher
the
ape
goes,
the
more
he
shows
his
tail.
[谚]猴子爬得越高，尾巴越加暴露。
[思维拓展]
比较级的三种特殊结构：
1．越来越……(表示本身程度的改变)：
2．越……就越……(表示后者随着前者的变化而变化)：
the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
3．两者中比较……的那一个：
the＋比较级＋of
the
two＋n.
[即学即练]
It's
believed
that
the
harder
you
work，the
better
result
you'll
get.
考点集训三
单句语法填空
1．He
kept
the
door
locked
(lock)
all
day
while
he
was
away.
2．I'm
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting
(wait)
for
so
long.
3．The
faster
(fast)
it
flies，the
higher
(high)
it
gets.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．However,
what
amazes
you
most
is
the
following
new
functions
(功能)．
2．The
man
in
the
garage
said
he
would
charge
up
my
car
battery
(电池)．
3．He
said
he
would
accept
the
job,
so
we
have
asked
him
to
confirm
(确认)
his
acceptance
in
writing.
4．There
existed
an
obvious
conflict
between
the
accounts
(描述)
of
the
witnesses,
so
a
judgment
was
not
announced
in
court.
5．Americans
think
it's
rude
(粗鲁的)
to
put
out
one's
tongue,
while
the
Chinese
often
use
this
gesture
when
they
are
embarrassed.
6．He's
become
the
target
(目标)
for
a
lot
of
criticism
recently.
7．He
didn't
say
anything
that
was
false
(假的),
but
he
left
out
important
information
on
purpose.
8．The
American
bug
could
also
be
a
person,
referring
to
someone
who
was
crazy
about
a
particular
(特别的)
activity.
9．On
hearing
this,
I
found
myself
in
an
embarrassing
(让人难堪的)
position.
10．What
upset
(使烦恼)
the
child
was
his
not
being
allowed
to
go
swimming.
11．The
above
case
study
is
just
an
example
to
serve
as
a
guideline
(指导原则)．
12．Which
is
the
most
comfortable
form
of
travel
according
to
the
author
(作者)?
13．Here
are
four
tips
(诀窍)
that
can
help
you
start
on
the
right
track.
14．Just
as
I
was
wondering
what
to
do
next,
I
saw
a
familiar
(熟悉的)
figure
passing
by
our
classroom.
15．Your
application
will
be
kept
on
file
(档案)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They
are
required
to
process
the
food
that
we
eat,
to
recover
from
injury
and
for
several
other
bodily
functions
(function)．
2．It
has
been
confirmed
(confirm)
that
Lewis's
next
fight
will
be
against
Bruno.
3．Eating
too
much
fat
can
contribute
to
heart
disease
and
high
blood
pressure
(press)．
4．When
it
comes
to
developing
our
economy,
we
must
take
environmental
protection
into
account.
5．He
is
rude
to
her
friends
and
obsessively
jealous.
6．In
the
beginning,
Tom
was
poor
in
his
studies,
English
in
particular.
7．There
is
nothing
so
embarrassing
(embarrass)
when
things
go
wrong.
8．Can
you
think
of
a
situation
where
you
once
felt
embarrassed
(embarrass)?
9．I
was
so
familiar
with
him
that
I
recognized
his
voice
immediately
I
picked
up
the
phone.
10．I
added
up
all
the
advantages
and
disadvantages
and
decided
to
take
up
the
job.
11．These
shirts
are
sold
at
a
discount
because
some
sizes
are
not
available.
12．It
is
our
responsibility
to
put
them
on
the
right
track.
13．The
sign
reads,
“In
case
of
fire,
break
the
glass
and
push
the
red
button.”
14．The
more
she
encouraged
him，the
faster
(fast)
he
improved.
15．She
kept
her
eyes
fixed
(fix)
on
the
blackboard
when
having
classes.
PAGEUnit
3
The
internet
Section
Ⅳ 单元要点复习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．chat
vi.聊天；闲聊
chat
about
sth.
闲聊某事
chat
with
sb.
与某人聊天
chat
with
sb.
about
sth.
与某人聊某事
2．identity
n．身份；个性
identical
adj.相同的，一样的
identify
vt.确定；辨别
identification
n．身份证明
3．convenient
adj.方便的；近便的
be
convenient
to
sb.对某人方便
if
it
is
convenient
to
sb.如果某人方便的话
be
convenient
for
sth.近便的，容易到达的
It
is
convenient
to
do
sth.
做某事方便
It
is
convenient
for
sb.
to
do
sth.做某事对某人来说是方便的
convenience
n.
方便；便利；厕所
for
convenience
为了方便
at
one's
convenience
在某人方便时
at
your
earliest
convenience
尽早
to
one's
convenience
对某人方便(合适)
It's
a
great
convenience
to
do...做某事很方便
convenience
food
方便食品
4．benefit
n．益处
vt.使受益
vi.得益于
be
of
benefit
(to
sb.)
(对某人)有益
for
sb.'s
benefit
为帮助某人；为某人的利益
A
benefit(s)
B
A对B有益
A
benefit(s)
from/by
B
A从B中获益
beneficial
adj.
有益的；有帮助的
be
beneficial
to...
对……有益
5．distance
n．距离
in
the
distance在远处；在远方
at/from
a
distance稍远处；隔一段距离
at
a
distance
of在距……的地方
keep
one's
distance
from...＝keep...at
a
distance
与……保持距离/疏远
distant
adj.遥远的；冷淡的
6．inspire
vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考
inspire
sb.
with
sth.(＝inspire
sth.
in
sb.)激起某人的……
inspire
sb.
to
do
sth.激励某人做某事
inspiration
n．[U]灵感；鼓舞
inspired
adj.品质优秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring
adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
7．access
n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会
vt.进入；使用；获取
have/get/gain
access
to
拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
give
(sb.)
access
to
接见；准许(某人)使用
accessible
adj.
可接近的；可进入的；可使用的(通常作表语)
be
accessible
to
可接近……，能进入……
8．tough
adj.艰难的；严厉的
tough
on/with
sb.
sth.对某人(事)严厉
have
a
tough
time
(of
it)日子很难过
9．function
n．功能；作用；机能
vi.起作用；正常工作；运转
function
as起……作用；用作……
10．confirm
vt.确认；使确信
confirm
sb./sth.
in
sth.
使感觉更强烈；使确信
confirm
sb.
as
sth.
批准某人任某职
It
has
been
confirmed
that...已经确定……
confirmation
n.
[C，U]证实；证明书；确认书
confirmed
adj.
成习惯的；根深蒂固的
11．press
vt.按，压，敦促
press
sb.
to
do/into
(doing)
sth.催促某人做某事
press
for
sth.不断要求
press
sth.
on
sb.勉强某人接受
pressure
n．压力
press
n．按；压(常用单数)；新闻界；报刊(与the连用)
12．file
n．文件；文件夹；档案
keep
a
file
on...保存关于……的档案
on
file
存档，在档
file
v．把……归档；提交
file...with...把……提交给……
file
sth.
away
把……按……归档
13．discount
n．折扣
vt.打折
offer/give
sb.
a
discount
向某人提供折扣
at
a
discount
以折扣价；打折
at
a
discount
of
按……的折扣
14．account
n．账户；描述
on
account
of因为，由于
on
no
account决不(位于句首，句子要用倒装)
give
an
account
of报告；叙述；说明
take
sth.into
account＝take
account
of
sth.对某事加以考虑
account
v．说明，解释；(数量/比例上)占
account
for解释，说明；(比例上)占
15．rude
adj.粗鲁的；无礼的
be
rude
to
sb.
对某人无礼
It's
rude
to
do
sth.
做某事是不礼貌的
rudeness
n.
[U]粗蛮；无礼
16．particular
adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的
be
particular
about对……挑剔；
对……讲究
in
particular尤其；特别
particularly
adv.特别；
尤其
17．embarrassing
adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的
18．upset
adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的
vt.使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
be
upset
about/over
sth.
为某事烦心
be
upset
with
sb.
生某人的气
It
upsets
sb.
that...
让某人不高兴的是……
It
upsets
sb.
to
do
sth.
做某事使某人不安/心烦
19．familiar
adj.熟悉；熟知
be
familiar
with
对……熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词；with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。
be
familiar
to
为……所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物，to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。
sb.be
familiar
with
sb.某人与某人亲密无间
20．case
n．盒；箱；情况；案件
in
case(以防)万一(后可接从句，也可置于句末)
in
case
of要是……；在……时候(后接名词或代词)
in
this
case如果这样的话
in
that
case如果那样的话
in
any
case无论如何
in
no
case决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．more
than不仅仅；超过；非常
more...
than...与其说……倒不如说……；比……更……
2．look
up(在书中)查找；(形势)好转；探访(某人)
look
after照料；照顾
look
ahead展望未来
look
around环顾；四下看
look
at看；检查
look
back
on回忆
look
down
upon瞧不起
look
into调查；审查
3．no
longer不再
4.out
of
work失业
out
of
employment
失业
lose
one's
job
失业
5．keep
sb.
company陪伴某人
for
company陪着；陪伴
in
company
with
sb.与某人一起
6．pay
for买……；为……交款；为……付出代价
pay
off
得到好结果；取得成功；全部偿还；还清
pay
money
for
sth.付钱买……
pay
back
还钱，偿还；报复
7．apply
for申请；请示得到
apply
v．应用；运用；申请；请求
apply
to
sb./sth.适用于某人或某物
apply
sth.
to
sth.把某物应用于某物
apply
to
sb.
for
向某人申请
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.专注于；专心做某事
8．take
care
of照料；抚养
care
about关心；顾虑，在乎
care
for喜欢；愿意；关心，爱护；照顾
take
care
当心；小心
with
care
小心地
9．together
with和……一起；连同
10．go
through经历；度过；通读
break
through冲破
get
through完成，通过
live
through活过……
look
through浏览
cut
through穿过
put
through接通电话
go
after追求；追逐
go
by过去；流逝
go
on
(with)发生；继续下去
go
against不利于；违背；反对
go
up上升；上涨
go
over复习；重温；仔细检查
go
out熄灭；过时；出去
11．in
shape状况良好
be
in
good/bad
shape情况良好/不佳
out
of
shape变形/走样；身体不舒服
in
the
shape
of某种形状的；呈……的形状
shape...into...把……加工/塑造成……
12．keep
track
of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
lose
track
of跟不上……的进展；不再掌握……的最新情况
on
the
right
track在正确的轨道上；做得对；步入正轨
make
tracks
抓紧动身，匆匆赶路
13．add...to...把……加到……上
add
up意为“合计；把……加起来”。
add
to意为“添加；增添”，其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词。
add...to...意为“把……加到……上”。
add
up
to意为“合计达到”，后面多为合计起来的数目，不用于被动语态。
14．first
of
all首先，第一
above
all首先，最重要的是
first首先
at
first起初
15．give
out分发；发出(气味、热等)
16．make
fun
of取笑；戏弄
for
fun为了娱乐，闹着玩地
have
fun＝enjoy
oneself玩得开心
in
fun开玩笑地，不是认真地
get
fun
out
of
doing
sth.通过做某事获得乐趣
be
full
of
fun很顽皮；很爱开玩笑
It's
fun
to
do
sth.做某事很有趣
There's
(no)
fun
in/doing
sth.做某事(没)有趣
17．keep(...)in
mind
牢记
bring...to
mind使……想起
come
to
mind想到
make
up
one's
mind下决心
set
one's
mind
on下决心要
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．There
are
countless
articles
telling
us
how
the
Internet
has
made
our
lives
more
convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是There
are
countless
articles；telling
us
how
the
Internet
has
made
our
lives
more
convenient是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词articles，其中又包含了how引导的宾语从句。
2．We
can
download
software，documents，and
images
whenever
we
need
them.
我们可以下载软件、文档和图像，无论何时我们需要它们。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是We
can
download
software，documents，and
images；后面是whenever引导的时间状语从句。
3．At
age
50，she
found
herself
out
of
work
and
stuck
at
home
with
only
her
computer
to
keep
her
company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
这是一个简单句。此句结构为“find＋宾语＋宾补”，out
of
work和stuck
at
home是句子的宾语补足语，说明宾语herself的处境。with
only
her
computer
to
keep
her
company是“with＋名词＋to
do”结构，在句中作stuck的伴随状语。
4．She
also
joined
an
online
group
where
she
could
talk
about
her
problems
and
get
support
and
advice
from
others.
她还加入了一个在线小组，在那里她可以谈论自己的问题，并从他人那里得到支持和建议。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是She
also
joined
an
online
group，后面是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词group。
5．She
was
so
inspired
by
the
people
she
met
online
that
she
decided
to
start
an
IT
club
to
teach
older
people
how
to
use
computers
and
the
Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
这是一个主从复合句。该句使用了so...that...句型结构，其中的she
met
online是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰前面的名词the
people。
6．Now
that
he
works
and
can
take
care
of
himself，his
daughter
has
time
to
study
at
university.
由于他工作并能照顾自己，他女儿有时间在大学学习了。
这是一个主从复合句。Now
that
he
works
and
can
take
care
of
himself是原因状语从句，his
daughter
has
time
to
study
at
university是主句。
7．She
believes
that
it
is
highly
important
to
bridge
the
digital
divide
and
make
sure
that
everyone
has
access
to
the
Internet
and
knows
how
to
use
new
technology.
她认为，消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术，是非常重要的。
这是一个主从复合句。句中从第一个that到句尾是that引导的宾语从句，作动词believes的宾语；make
sure与前面的bridge并列，此处bridge是动词，意思是“架起桥梁、消除(隔阂)”；that
everyone
has
access
to
the
Internet
and
knows
how
to
use
new
technology是that引导的宾语从句，作make
sure的宾语，knows与前面的has并列。
8．This
app
keeps
you
updated
on
all
your
favourite
topics.
这个应用程序让你更新所有你最喜欢的话题。
这是一个简单句。句中keep
you
updated是keep的复合宾语结构。
9．However，the
more
polite
you
are，the
less
likely
it
is
you
will
be
attacked.
然而，你越有礼貌，你就越不可能受到攻击。
句中含有“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，该结构意为“(……)越……，(……)越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
写作技巧点拨
劝说性写作：建议信
【题目要求】
假设你是某英文报社的编辑李华，你收到读者Mary
的一封来信。她向你询问如何交友。请根据以下提示，用英语给她写一封回信，并针对她的问题提出你的建议。
人人都需要朋友，懂得如何交友极为重要；
对别人要友好，一个微笑就能拉近人与人之间的距离；
记住别人的名字，这样会让对方觉得自己很重要；
要关心别人，并在别人有困难时提供帮助；
与别人有分歧时，不要争吵，要商讨。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．信的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：争吵quarrel
Dear
Mary，
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
一、构思谋篇
二、关键词语
拉近人们彼此之间的距离
bring
people
close
to
each
other
关心
care
about
与某人讨论某事
discuss
sth.
with
sb.
与某人争吵
quarrel
with
sb.
对……有所帮助
be
helpful
to...
三、连词成句
1．一个微笑就能拉近人们彼此之间的距离。
A
smile
can
bring
people
close
to
each
other.
2．你应当关心别人，并且在别人有困难的时候尽力去帮助他们。
You
should
care
about
others
and
try
to
help
others
when
they
have
difficulties.
3．你应该同其他人讨论它们，千万不要与他们争吵。
You
should
discuss
them
with
others,
and
never
quarrel
with
them.
4．我希望我所说的能对你有所帮助。
I
hope
what
I
have
said
can
be
helpful
to
you.
四、连句成篇
Dear_Mary，
I
was
very
glad
to
receive
your
letter
①in
which
you
asked
me
about
how
to
make
friends.
②Everyone
needs
friends,
so
knowing
how
to
make
friends
is
very
important.
Here
is
my
advice.
③First,
you
must
be
friendly
to
others.
A
smile
can
bring
people
close
to
each
other.
④Second,
⑤it
is
necessary
to
remember
others'
names,
which
will
make
them
feel
that
they
are
important
to
you.
⑥Third,
you
should
care
about
others
and
try
to
help
others
⑦when
they
have
difficulties.
⑧Finally,
⑨if
you
have
different
opinions,
you
should
discuss
them
with
others,
and
never
quarrel
with
them.
I
hope
what
I
have
said
can
be
helpful
to
you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
亮点点评
亮点一：这是一封建议信。文章首先引出谈论的话题，然后提出具体的建议，最后表达了作者的希望。要点齐全，用词精确，语言流畅，结构严谨。
亮点二：准确而大量地使用各种复杂的句式结构是本文的最大亮点，也反映出作者具有深厚的语言功底。例如，①是一个由“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，其中又包含了“how＋动词不定式”结构作介词about的宾语；②是由连词so连接的并列句；⑤采用的是“it
is＋形容词＋to
do
sth.”这个经典结构，其中包含了一个which
引导的非限制性定语从句；⑦为when
引导的时间状语从句；⑨为if引导的条件状语从句等。
亮点三：③First，④Second，⑥Third和⑧Finally
等连接副词的精确使用，使文章的叙述清楚而有条理，增强了文章的可读性。
PAGE
