人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes grammar学案
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| 名称 | 人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes grammar学案 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2020-11-17 17:05:02 | ||
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Unit 4 Earthquakes grammar学案
在英语中，修饰名词或代词的成分被称为定语，根据定语出现在名词或代词前后的位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。如在a developing country和a girl in red中，developing和in red分别是前置定语和后置定语。一般而言，前置定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语修饰前面的名词或代词时，就被称为定语从句。
【观察与翻译】 观察下列例句划线部分的语法成分及组成规律，并试着翻译句子。
1. The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.
译为：_____________________________1. （在那边读书的那个男孩是我的朋友）
2. All that glitters is not gold.
译为：_____________________________2. (发光的不一定都是金子。)
上述两个例句中划线部分均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的名词the boy和代词all，这两个词被称为先行词。
定语从句中有两个关键概念：先行词和关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。在上面两个例句中引导定语从句的who和that属于关系代词，本单元我们先来学习关系代、副词引导的定语从句。
1. 关系代词/副词
关系代词/副词
在从句中的成分
所指代的先行词
例 句
who /whom
主语/宾语（可省）
指人
He who laughs last laughs best.
This is the boy (whom /who) you saw yesterday.
which
主语/宾语（可省）
指物/事
A thing which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember.
that
主语/宾语（可省）
指物/事
The panda that is chosen Dragon Warrior is big and fat.
指人
They that know nothing fear nothing.
whose
定语（某…的）
指人
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
指物/事
The book whose cover is blue is mine.
when
时间状语
时间
I’ll never forget the day when the earthquake happened.
where
地点状语
地点
This is the place where we first met.
why
原因状语
原因
The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.
【即学即练】
I. 根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。
1. This is the best film _____________ (我看过的).
2. He has a daughter _____________ (在医院工作的).
3. The tree _____________ (叶子变红了的) is an old one.
【即学即练】
I. 1. (that) I have ever seen 2. who / that works in a hospital
3. whose leaves turn red / the leaves of which turn red
2．只用that不用which的情况
当先行词是
1）不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one等时
e.g. You can take any seat that is free.
We should do all that is useful to the people.
2）被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时；
e.g. It is the only thing that we can do.
3）是或被序数词the first /second /third…所修饰时；
e.g. This is the first place that I want to visit.
4）被形容词最高级所修饰时；
e.g. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
5）同时指人和事/物时；
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.
6）主句以there be 开头时
e.g. There is the matter that I can do.
3．只用which不用that的情况
1）介词后
2）逗号后，即非限定性定语从句中
3）句中已经有that的时候
e.g. That which is evil is soon learnt. 学坏容易。
4．whose = the +名词+ of + which/whom 指“某人/物的”
when = at /in /on 等介词+which
where =at /in /on /from /to等介词+which
why =介词for + which
English proverbs
1. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。
2. Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石。（自己有弱点，勿揭他人短。）
3. When in Rome do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗）
4. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
5. He who has a lazy hand has an empty mouth.手懒饿肚皮。
6. He that loses his honesty has nothing失去诚实就失去了一切
7. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。
8. He who does not advance loses ground. (=anyone who does not advance loses ground.)
逆水行舟，不进则退。
9. He who laughs on Friday will weep on Sunday. 乐极必生悲。
10. They who cannot do as they would must do as they can. 事不由己，也需努力。
定语从句练习
一、选择题
1. Do you know the girl _____ is talking with your mother?
A. who B. which C. whose D. /
2. This is the kite _______ Billy Fisher gave to Tom
A. who B. which C. / D. Both B and C
3. He was the only one ______ was saved in the earthquake.
A. who B. that C. which D. A and B
4. This is the only present _____ I like.
A. who B. that C. which D. B and C
5. This is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. who C. where D. /
6. All _______ I can do is to give him some money.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
7. Is there anything else _____ you need?
A. which B. that C. who D. what
8. The museum _____ we visited last week isn’t far from here.
A. where B. which C. what D. who
9. Where is the scientist _____ gave us the talk yesterday?
A. which B. who C. what D. /
10. Most of the people ____ lost their lives in the earthquake are Sichuan natives.
A. when B. who C. how D. which
11. Do you think most students prefer tests ____ have easy questions?
A. who B. where C. when D. that
12. My mum prefers music ____ quiet and gentle.
A. that are B. that is C. which has D. whose is
13. The boy ____ you saw just now is Tom’s brother.
A. which B. whose C. when D. /
14. The bike and its rider _____ had run over an old woman were helped up by the policeman.
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
15. She was becoming fat, ______ bothered her very much.
A. which B. that C. it D. of whom
16. The Amazon(亚马逊河), ______ lies in the Andes(安第斯山脉) is the world’s longest river.
A. its source B. which source C. whose source D. the source of it
17. The reason ______ I can’t come is _______ I have to work late.
A. for, why B. why, because C. because, that D. why, that
18. Who is that man _____ is telling the children a story?
A. who B. whom C. that D. whoever
19. She tells us that Lao Wang is a person _______ we can learn a lot.
A. whom B. that C. from whom D. about whom
20. Is this the factory _____ you worked five years ago?
A. in which B. in where C. in that D. that
二、用适当的关系代词填空
1. Do you like the present _______ I bought you yesterday?
2. The storybook _______ was written by his uncle is quite interesting.
3. The boy _______ computer doesn’t work well needs your help.
4. This is the best movie _______ we have seen this year.
5. The doctor _______ we met in the street is from America.
6. The passengers and the suitcases _______ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.
7. Who is the girl _______ you want to make friends with?
8. This is the last lesson _______ Mr. Smith taught us.
9. I, _____ am your friend, will help you out.
The building ___________ wall is white is my uncle’s house.
The boy _______ John spoke with is my brother.
Will you please lend me the very picture _________ you bought yesterday?
The students ________ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.
The season _________ comes after spring is summer.
This is the first museum __________ we visited last Saturday.
The girl ________ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital.
I found some photos of interesting places _________ were not far away from our city.
There is a boy downstairs _________ want to see you.
The river ________ banks are covered with trees is very long.
I’m going to meet Tom ______ they say is a good boy.
参考答案
一、1-5 ADDBD 6-10 ABBBB 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 CDCCA
二、1. that / which / 不填 2. that / which 3. whose 4. that / 不填 5. whom / who / that / 不填 6. that 7. that / 不填 8. that / 不填 9. who 10. whose 11. who/ whom 12. that /不填 13. who /whom /that/不填 14. that /which 15. that 16. whose 17. that / which 18. who / that 19. whose 20. who/ whom/ that
在英语中，修饰名词或代词的成分被称为定语，根据定语出现在名词或代词前后的位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。如在a developing country和a girl in red中，developing和in red分别是前置定语和后置定语。一般而言，前置定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语修饰前面的名词或代词时，就被称为定语从句。
【观察与翻译】 观察下列例句划线部分的语法成分及组成规律，并试着翻译句子。
1. The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.
译为：_____________________________1. （在那边读书的那个男孩是我的朋友）
2. All that glitters is not gold.
译为：_____________________________2. (发光的不一定都是金子。)
上述两个例句中划线部分均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的名词the boy和代词all，这两个词被称为先行词。
定语从句中有两个关键概念：先行词和关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。在上面两个例句中引导定语从句的who和that属于关系代词，本单元我们先来学习关系代、副词引导的定语从句。
1. 关系代词/副词
关系代词/副词
在从句中的成分
所指代的先行词
例 句
who /whom
主语/宾语（可省）
指人
He who laughs last laughs best.
This is the boy (whom /who) you saw yesterday.
which
主语/宾语（可省）
指物/事
A thing which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember.
that
主语/宾语（可省）
指物/事
The panda that is chosen Dragon Warrior is big and fat.
指人
They that know nothing fear nothing.
whose
定语（某…的）
指人
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
指物/事
The book whose cover is blue is mine.
when
时间状语
时间
I’ll never forget the day when the earthquake happened.
where
地点状语
地点
This is the place where we first met.
why
原因状语
原因
The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.
【即学即练】
I. 根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。
1. This is the best film _____________ (我看过的).
2. He has a daughter _____________ (在医院工作的).
3. The tree _____________ (叶子变红了的) is an old one.
【即学即练】
I. 1. (that) I have ever seen 2. who / that works in a hospital
3. whose leaves turn red / the leaves of which turn red
2．只用that不用which的情况
当先行词是
1）不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one等时
e.g. You can take any seat that is free.
We should do all that is useful to the people.
2）被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时；
e.g. It is the only thing that we can do.
3）是或被序数词the first /second /third…所修饰时；
e.g. This is the first place that I want to visit.
4）被形容词最高级所修饰时；
e.g. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
5）同时指人和事/物时；
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.
6）主句以there be 开头时
e.g. There is the matter that I can do.
3．只用which不用that的情况
1）介词后
2）逗号后，即非限定性定语从句中
3）句中已经有that的时候
e.g. That which is evil is soon learnt. 学坏容易。
4．whose = the +名词+ of + which/whom 指“某人/物的”
when = at /in /on 等介词+which
where =at /in /on /from /to等介词+which
why =介词for + which
English proverbs
1. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。
2. Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石。（自己有弱点，勿揭他人短。）
3. When in Rome do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗）
4. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
5. He who has a lazy hand has an empty mouth.手懒饿肚皮。
6. He that loses his honesty has nothing失去诚实就失去了一切
7. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。
8. He who does not advance loses ground. (=anyone who does not advance loses ground.)
逆水行舟，不进则退。
9. He who laughs on Friday will weep on Sunday. 乐极必生悲。
10. They who cannot do as they would must do as they can. 事不由己，也需努力。
定语从句练习
一、选择题
1. Do you know the girl _____ is talking with your mother?
A. who B. which C. whose D. /
2. This is the kite _______ Billy Fisher gave to Tom
A. who B. which C. / D. Both B and C
3. He was the only one ______ was saved in the earthquake.
A. who B. that C. which D. A and B
4. This is the only present _____ I like.
A. who B. that C. which D. B and C
5. This is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. who C. where D. /
6. All _______ I can do is to give him some money.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
7. Is there anything else _____ you need?
A. which B. that C. who D. what
8. The museum _____ we visited last week isn’t far from here.
A. where B. which C. what D. who
9. Where is the scientist _____ gave us the talk yesterday?
A. which B. who C. what D. /
10. Most of the people ____ lost their lives in the earthquake are Sichuan natives.
A. when B. who C. how D. which
11. Do you think most students prefer tests ____ have easy questions?
A. who B. where C. when D. that
12. My mum prefers music ____ quiet and gentle.
A. that are B. that is C. which has D. whose is
13. The boy ____ you saw just now is Tom’s brother.
A. which B. whose C. when D. /
14. The bike and its rider _____ had run over an old woman were helped up by the policeman.
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
15. She was becoming fat, ______ bothered her very much.
A. which B. that C. it D. of whom
16. The Amazon(亚马逊河), ______ lies in the Andes(安第斯山脉) is the world’s longest river.
A. its source B. which source C. whose source D. the source of it
17. The reason ______ I can’t come is _______ I have to work late.
A. for, why B. why, because C. because, that D. why, that
18. Who is that man _____ is telling the children a story?
A. who B. whom C. that D. whoever
19. She tells us that Lao Wang is a person _______ we can learn a lot.
A. whom B. that C. from whom D. about whom
20. Is this the factory _____ you worked five years ago?
A. in which B. in where C. in that D. that
二、用适当的关系代词填空
1. Do you like the present _______ I bought you yesterday?
2. The storybook _______ was written by his uncle is quite interesting.
3. The boy _______ computer doesn’t work well needs your help.
4. This is the best movie _______ we have seen this year.
5. The doctor _______ we met in the street is from America.
6. The passengers and the suitcases _______ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.
7. Who is the girl _______ you want to make friends with?
8. This is the last lesson _______ Mr. Smith taught us.
9. I, _____ am your friend, will help you out.
The building ___________ wall is white is my uncle’s house.
The boy _______ John spoke with is my brother.
Will you please lend me the very picture _________ you bought yesterday?
The students ________ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.
The season _________ comes after spring is summer.
This is the first museum __________ we visited last Saturday.
The girl ________ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital.
I found some photos of interesting places _________ were not far away from our city.
There is a boy downstairs _________ want to see you.
The river ________ banks are covered with trees is very long.
I’m going to meet Tom ______ they say is a good boy.
参考答案
一、1-5 ADDBD 6-10 ABBBB 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 CDCCA
二、1. that / which / 不填 2. that / which 3. whose 4. that / 不填 5. whom / who / that / 不填 6. that 7. that / 不填 8. that / 不填 9. who 10. whose 11. who/ whom 12. that /不填 13. who /whom /that/不填 14. that /which 15. that 16. whose 17. that / which 18. who / that 19. whose 20. who/ whom/ that