速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．We
have
fully
realised
how
much
inspiration
trees，plants
and
flowers
have
given
us.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．Now，architects
create
many
of
the
most
fascinating
designs
by
mimicking
the
way
nature
works.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Singapore's
ArtScience
Museum
looks
like
a
lotus
flower.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Harare's
Eastgate
Centre
was
designed
by
Zimbabwean
architect
Mick
Pearce.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Buildings
like
the
Algae
House
will
be
built
in
China
soon.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BAAAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．to
show
the
connection
between
nature
and
the
modern
city
environment
B．to
find
themselves
in
an
urban
building
C．to
explore
ways
to
capture
the
beauty
of
natural
forms
D．To
meet
the
needs
of
today
E．to
move
freely
in
and
out
of
the
mounds
F．To
use
biomimicry
1．Today，architects
continue
________，to
mimic
the
way
nature
works
or
even
to
make
natural
organisms
part
of
a
building.
2．The
building
was
designed
________
in
which
it
sits.
3．Visitors
are
often
amazed
________
that
so
truly
captures
the
beauty
of
natural
forms.
4．________
is
to
create
structures
based
on
natural
forms
and
processes.
5．The
insects
built
mounds
covered
in
little
holes
designed
to
allow
air
________．
6．________
while
protecting
the
world
of
tomorrow
may
be
a
challenge，but
even
the
simplest
organisms
can
help
teach
us
how
to
achieve
this.
[答案] 1－6 CABFED
Ⅲ.表格填空
Nature
in
Architecture
ArtScience
Museum，Singapore
◆It's
designed
to
show
the
1.connection
between
nature
and
the
modern
city
environment.◆It's
shaped
to
2.resemble
a
lotus
flower.◆Its
roof
collects
rainwater
and
3.channels
it
35
metres
down
to
a
waterfall.
The
Eastgate
Centre，Harare
◆Zimbabwean
architect
Mick
Pearce
4.was
inspired
to
create
it
while
watching
termites
5.constructing
their
nests.◆It
has
a“skin”covered
in
6.holes．◆It
uses
7.less
energy
and
costs
less
to
run.
The
Algae
House，Hamburg
◆Its
8.surface
is
covered
in
panels
that
contain
algae.◆The
panels
capture
heat
from
the
sun
and
9.convert
it
into
energy.◆It
can
generate
its
own
10.renewable
energy.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.6
A．Designs
inspired
by
nature.B．ArtScience
Museum
of
Singapore.C．Inspiration
given
by
nature.D．The
Algae
House
of
Hamburg.E．Creating
more
buildings
like
these.F．The
Eastgate
Center
of
Harare.
[答案] 1－6 CABFDE
Ⅱ.阅读理解
1．What
has
given
us
a
lot
of
architecture
inspiration?
A．Nature.
B．Tiles.
C．Umbrellas.
D．Organisms.
2．What
can
you
enjoy
in
ArtScience
Museum?
A．The
way
nature
works.
B．The
relationship
between
art
and
science.
C．A
lotus
flower
floating
above
water.
D．The
building's
plumbing
system.
3．What
makes
the
Eastgate
Centre
use
less
energy?
A．Termites
constructing
their
nests.
B．Mounds
covered
in
little
holes.
C．Traditional
air
conditioning
systems.
D．Its
surface
covered
in
holes.
4．Why
can
the
Algae
House
cost
less
to
run?
A．Because
it
is
in
Hamburg
of
Germany.
B．Because
it
is
powered
by
the
algae.
C．Because
the
algae
are
fed
with
liquid
nutrients.
D．Because
the
algae
captures
heat
from
the
sun.
[答案] 1－4 ABDB
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——标出段落主题句的关键词
阅读教材课文中各个段落的主题句，并标出关键词。
Paragraph
1：In
fact，we
are
so
used
to
them
that
we
may
even
take
them
for
granted
without
realising
how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us.
Paragraph
2：Nature
has
inspired
many
of
the
most
fascinating
designs
around
us，including
those
in
architecture．
Paragraph
3：The
building
was
designed
to
show
the
connection
between
nature
and
the
modern
city
environment
in
which
it
sits.
Paragraph
4：Harare's
Eastgate
Centre
is
a
superb
example
of
biomimicry．
Paragraph
5：The
world's
first
algae?powered
building
is
in
Hamburg，Germany.
Paragraph
6：Creating
buildings
such
as
these
enables
us
to
live
in
closer
harmony
with
our
environment．
1匹配词义
A.单词匹配
( )1.architect
A．n.知识/物理学等的前沿
( )2.superb
B．n.建筑师
( )3.frontier
C．adj.极好的，出色的
[答案] 1－3 BCA
B.短语匹配
( )1.take...for
granted
A．……的实例/范例/典例
( )2.an
example
of
B．认为……理所当然
( )3.convert...into
C．对……作出反应
( )4.respond
to
D．把……转换成……
[答案] 1－4 BADC
Ⅰ.语境填空
1．The
new
building
was
built
from
the
design
of
a
famous
architect．
2．The
actor
gave
a
superb
performance
last
week.
3．They
are
highly
interested
in
the
frontiers
of
science.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．She
studied
architecture(architect)and
art
history
at
the
university.
2．The
car
is
superbly(superb)engineered
and
a
pleasure
to
drive.
3．Space
is
the
final
frontier(front)for
us
to
explore.
1．In
fact，we
are
so
used
to
them
that
we
may
even
take
them
for
granted
without
realising
how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2．From
Barcelona's
forest?like
Sagrada
Familia
to
the
modern
style
of
Beijing's
Water
Cube，nature
is
presented
in
various
architectural
designs.
从巴塞罗那的森林般的神圣家族大教堂到北京水立方的现代风格，大自然在各种建筑设计中都得到体现。
3．Its
roof
collects
rainwater
and
channels
it
35
metres
down
to
a
waterfall
in
the
centre
of
the
space.
它的屋顶收集雨水，并让其垂直流到空当中心，形成35米高的瀑布。
4．The
design
reduces
the
need
for
traditional
air
conditioning
and
heating
systems，so
the
building
uses
less
energy
and
costs
less
to
run.
该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此这座建筑消耗较少的能源，使用成本较低。
5．Creating
buildings
such
as
these
enables
us
to
live
in
closer
harmony
with
our
environment.
建造诸如此类的建筑能使我们在与环境更和谐的状况中生活。
名师圈点
①be
used
to习惯于
②take...for
granted
认为……理所当然
③pine
cone
松果，松球
④look
like
the
tiles看起来像瓦片
⑤resemble
an
umbrella
像一把伞
⑥in
this
way这样；用这种方法
⑦fascinating
designs
迷人的设计
⑧in
architecture在建筑中
⑨Water
Cube水立方
⑩in
various
architectural
designs在各种建筑设计中
?architect
n．建筑师
?continue
to
do...继续做某事
?mimic
v．模仿
?natural
organisms天然有机物
?between
art
and
science艺术与科学之间
?a
lotus
flower一朵莲花
?waterfront
promenade
海滨步行道
?the
building's
plumbing
system建筑的管道系统
?capture
the
beauty
of
natural
forms捕捉自然形态的美
?a
superb
example
of
biomimicry仿生学极好的典范
(be)based
on基于
a
nature
documentary
自然纪录片
termite
n．白蚁
move
freely
in
and
out自由进出
in
a
similar
way按同样的方式；同样地
during
the
day白天
be
drawn
into被吸进
traditional
air
conditioning
and
heating
systems
传统空调和供暖系统
cost
less
to
run使用成
本更低
algae?powered
building藻类提供电的建筑
be
covered
in
panels
覆盖着面板
be
fed
with用……喂养
carbon
dioxide二氧化碳
convert...into将……转化为
be
used
to
do...
被用于做某事
respond
to对……做出反应
reduce
damage
to
减少对……的破坏
generate
its
own
renewable
energy生产自己的可再生能源
such
as像；例如
live
in
closer
harmony
with
our
environment
与环境更和谐地生活
meet
the
needs满足需要
译文参考
Nature
in
Architecture
Trees，plants
and
flowers
are
all
around
us
and
we
enjoy
their
beauty
every
day.In
fact，we
are
so
used
to①
them
that
we
may
even
take
them
for
granted②
without
realising
how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us.(1)When
we
look
at
a
pine
cone③，we
might
think
how
much
it
looks
like
the
tiles④
on
a
roof.(2)An
open
flower
might
make
us
think
how
closely
it
resembles
an
umbrella⑤(3).It
is
natural
to
think
in
this
way⑥，but
of
course
it
wasn't
the
umbrella
that
inspired
the
flower
or
the
roof
that
inspired
the
pine
cone.(4)
(1)句中so...that...引导结果状语从句，其中how引导宾语从句。
(2)句中when引导时间状语从句，how引导宾语从句。
(3)how引导宾语从句。
(4)句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，It
wasn't...that...为强调句型。
Nature
has
inspired
many
of
the
most
fascinating
designs⑦
around
us，including
those
in
architecture⑧.From
Barcelona's
forest?like
Sagrada
Familia
to
the
modern
style
of
Beijing's
Water
Cube⑨，nature
is
presented
in
various
architectural
designs⑩.Today，architects?
continue
to?
explore
ways
to
capture
the
beauty
of
natural
forms，to
mimic?
the
way
nature
works(5)or
even
to
make
natural
organisms?
part
of
a
building(6).
(5)定语从句，先行词为way，省略关系词that。
(6)make复合结构，宾补为part
of
a
building。
ArtScience
Museum，Singapore
People
whose
interest
is
exploring
the
relationship
between
art
and
science?(7)will
enjoy
Singapore's
ArtScience
Museum.The
building
was
designed
to
show
the
connection
between
nature
and
the
modern
city
environment
in
which
it
sits(8).Shaped
to
resemble
a
lotus
flower?，it
appears
to
float
above
the
waterfront
promenade?
and
the
water
that
surrounds
it(9).Its
roof
collects
rainwater
and
channels
it
35
metres
down
to
a
waterfall
in
the
centre
of
the
space.The
water
is
then
recycled
through
the
building's
plumbing
system?.Visitors
are
often
amazed
to
find
themselves
in
an
urban
building
that
so
truly
captures
the
beauty
of
natural
forms?(10).
(7)whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
(8)in
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment。
(9)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词water。
(10)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词building。
The
Eastgate
Centre，Harare
Harare's
Eastgate
Centre
is
a
superb
example
of
biomimicry?.To
use
biomimicry
is
to
create
structures
based
on
natural
forms
and
processes.Zimbabwean
architect
Mick
Pearce
was
inspired
to
create
the
Centre
while
watching
a
nature
documentary
in
which
termites
were
constructing
their
nests(11).The
insects
built
mounds
covered
in
little
holes
designed
to
allow
air
to
move
freely
in
and
out
of
the
mounds.In
a
similar
way，the
Eastgate
Centre
has
a“skin”covered
in
holes.During
the
day，warm
air
is
drawn
into
the
building
through
the
holes，cooling
as
it
reaches
the
middle
of
the
building(12).At
night，the
heat
absorbed
by
the
wall
during
the
day
warms
the
cool
air，creating
a
comfortable
temperature
inside.The
design
reduces
the
need
for
traditional
air
conditioning
and
heating
systems，so
the
building
uses
less
energy
and
costs
less
to
run.
(11)while
doing...作时间状语，in
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词documentary。
(12)as引导时间状语从句。
The
Algae
House，Hamburg
The
world's
first
algae?powered
building
is
in
Hamburg，Germany.The
surface
of
the
apartment
building
is
covered
in
panels
that
contain
algae(13).The
algae
are
fed
with
liquid
nutrients
and
carbon
dioxide
to
encourage
them
to
grow.In
bright
sunshine，they
grow
faster
and
provide
shade.The
panels
also
capture
heat
from
the
sun
and
convert
it
into
energy
that
powers
the
building(14).And
that's
not
all
—
the
algae
inside
the
panels
can
be
harvested
and
used
to
produce
fuel.The
building
therefore
not
only
responds
to
its
environment
and
uses
less
energy，but
also
reduces
damage
to
the
environment
by
generating
its
own
renewable
energy.
(13)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词panels。
(14)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词energy。
Creating
buildings
such
as
these
enables
us
to
live
in
closer
harmony
with
our
environment.To
meet
the
needs
of
today
while
protecting
the
world
of
tomorrow
may
be
a
challenge，but
even
the
simplest
organisms
can
help
teach
us
how
to
achieve
this.(15)
(15)句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中不定式短语To
meet
the
needs
of
today为主语，while
protecting
the
world
of
tomorrow为时间状语。
译文参考
建筑中的自然美
树，植物和鲜花都在我们身边，每天我们都欣赏它们的美。事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。当我们看到一个松果，我们可能会认为它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片。一朵开着的花可能会让我们觉得它和雨伞是多么的相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞启发了花朵，也不是屋顶启发了松果。
大自然启发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计。从巴塞罗那的森林般的神圣家族大教堂到北京水立方的现代风格，大自然在各种建筑设计中都得到体现。今天，建筑师继续探索如何捕捉自然形态之美，模仿自然的运行方式，甚至使天然有机物成为建筑的一部分。
新加坡滨海湾金沙艺术科学博物馆
对探索艺术与科学之间的关系感兴趣的人可以欣赏新加坡的金沙艺术科学博物馆。该建筑物旨在展示自然和建筑物所在的现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨步行道和周围的水面上。它的屋顶收集雨水，并让其垂直流到空当中心，形成35米高的瀑布。然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。游客常常惊奇地发现，他们置身于一座城市建筑中，却非常真实地捕捉到了自然形态的美。
哈拉雷，东门中心
哈拉雷的东门中心是仿生学极好的典范。利用生物模拟技术是在自然形态和进程的基础上创造结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发，并创造了这个建筑。这些白蚁在土丘上留有小洞，让空气自由进出。同样地，东门中心的“皮肤”上也布满了洞。白天，温暖的空气通过这些洞被吸进建筑物，当它到达建筑物中间时就会冷却。晚上，白天墙壁吸收的热量会使室内的冷空气变暖，创造舒适的温度。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此这座建筑消耗较少的能源，使用成本较低。
汉堡，藻类之家
世界上第一座以藻类提供电的建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼的表面覆盖着含有藻类的面板。藻类以液态营养和二氧化碳为养料，以促进它们的生长。在明亮的阳光下，它们长得更快，提供阴凉。太阳能面板还能从太阳中获取热量，并将其转化为提供给建筑物的能量。这还不是全部——电池板内的藻类可以被收集并用于生产燃料。因此，该建筑不仅能对环境作出反应，减少能源消耗，而且还能通过生产自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。
建造诸如此类的建筑能使我们在与环境更和谐的状况中生活。在保护明天的世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战，但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮助我们实现这一点。
1阅读P56－57教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Why
did
Tao
Yuanming
quit
the
service
of
the
court?
A．Because
he
was
an
influential
figure
of
their
day.
B．Because
he
felt
conflicted
over
life
at
court.
C．Because
he
wanted
to
work
the
land.
D．Because
he
liked
living
in
a
rural
area.
2．How
did
Thoreau
feel
about
his
life
in
the
forest?
A．Pleased.
B．Puzzled.
C．Disappointed.
D．Bored.
3．What
did
Thoreau
describe
in
his
writings?
A．Fields
and
villages.
B．Chickens
and
dogs.
C．Animals
and
plants.
D．Mountains
and
rivers.
4．What
should
we
do
if
we
want
to
attain
personal
well?being
and
fulfilment?
A．Live
closer
to
nature.
B．Increase
material
desires.
C．Walk
a
lot
in
the
forest.
D．Share
a
respect
for
nature.
[答案] 1－4 BACA
Words
And
Phrases
withdraw
v．退出
(教材P57)Both
men
were
happy
to
withdraw
from
contemporary
life，seeking
a
harmonious
relationship
with
nature
in
the
quietness
of
their
lives.
两人都乐于从当代的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
[例1] The
general
decided
to
withdraw
his
soldiers.
那位将军决定撤军。
[例2] He
failed
to
withdraw
his
remarks
and
apologize.
他既没收回前言，也没道歉。
[造句] 由于受伤，他不得不退出比赛。
He
was
forced
to
withdraw
from
the
competition
due
to
injury.
[知识拓展]
(1)withdraw
from
从……撤出，撤回
withdraw
money
from
the
bank
从银行取款
withdraw
one's
eyes
from
把视线从……移开(不再看……)
withdraw
a
remark
收回发言
(2)withdrawal
n.
收回；取回；撤回；撤退；撤走；取款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tell
the
men
to
withdraw
from
their
new
position.
②I'd
like
to
withdraw
1，000
dollars
from
my
savings
account
and
put
it
in
my
cheque
account.
③He
has
made
several
withdrawals(withdrawl)from
his
bank
account.
[小片段填空]
It
is
still
unknown
how
many
troops
Israel
will
①withdraw
at
the
current
stage
and
when
it
will
finish
a
complete
②withdrawal．
resign
v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于；辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
(教材P57)Live
in
each
season
as
it
passes;
breathe
the
air，drink
the
drink，taste
the
fruit，and
resign
yourself
to
the
influences
of
each.
度过每一个季节；呼吸空气，喝水，品尝水果，让自己感受它们对你的影响。
[例1] Wilberforce
then
resigned
from
government
in
1825
and
died
in
1833.
威尔伯福斯于1825年从政府辞职，1833年去世。
[例2] I've
resigned
myself
to
staying
in
again
tonight.
我今晚还是只能待在家里。
[造句] 在任何情况下，我们都不能听天由命。
In
no
situation
shall
we
resign
ourselves
to
our
fate.
[知识拓展]
resign
one's
post/position
辞去职务
resign
oneself
to
(doing)sth.
听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign...to...
把……托付给……
resign
from...
从……辞职
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
resign
my
son
to
your
care
while
I
am
away.
②You
must
resign
yourselves
to
waiting(wait)a
bit
longer.
③She
resigned
from
the
committee
because
she
needed
to
take
care
of
her
disabled
husband.
ease
n．舒适，放松，悠闲vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)；缓和
(教材P57)In
today's
modern
world，their
ideas
about
living
simply
and
being
at
ease
with
nature
may
take
us
a
step
closer
to
attaining
personal
well?being
and
fulfilment.
在当今现代世界里，他们关于简朴生活及与自然和谐相处的思想可能会让我们离获得安乐和满足更近一步。
[例1] The
most
universal
facial
expression
is，of
course，the
smile
—
its
function
is
to
show
happiness
and
put
people
at
ease.
最通用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和使人感到自在。
[例2] My
parents
are
retired
and
now
live
a
life
of
ease.
现在，我的父母都退休了，过着安闲舒适的生活。
[造句] 微笑表示你感到高兴，它能使人感到自在。
A
smile
is
a
sign
that
you
are
happy，which
helps
put
people
at
ease.
[知识拓展]
(1)take
one's
ease
使某人放松一下
at
ease
舒适；快活；自由自在
put
sb.at
ease
使某人感到轻松自在；使某人安心
feel/look
at
ease
感到/看上去心情放松
with
ease
容易地；毫不费劲地
(2)ease
sb.of
sth.
减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
handed
her
a
cup
of
coffee
to
put
her
at
ease.
②I
don't
feel
at
ease
in
the
strange
place.
在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。
③Now
he
can
put
his
mind
at
ease
because
he
has
passed
the
examination
with
ease．
现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
[小片段填空]
I
eased
him
①of
his
difficulty
by
telling
him
what
to
do.Now
he
feels
②at
ease.
evaluate
v．评估，评价
(教材P58)A
comparative
essay
compares，contrasts
and
evaluates
two
or
more
topics.
比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
[例1] I
can't
evaluate
his
ability
without
seeing
his
work.
我没有看到他的工作情况，无法评论他的能力。
[例2] The
school
has
only
been
open
for
six
months，so
it's
hard
to
evaluate
its
success
now.
该学校仅开办了六个月，所以现在还很难估计它的成就。
[造句] 这项证据应当仔细地评定。
The
evidence
should
be
carefully
evaluated.
[知识拓展]
(1)evaluate
sb.on/by
根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation
n.
估计；评价
make
an
evaluation
of
对……进行评估
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①We
must
evaluate
her
ability
on/by
her
work.
②We
must
evaluate(evaluate)the
consequences
caused
by
the
fire.
→We
must
make
an
evaluation
of
the
consequences
caused
by
the
fire.
[小片段填空]
At
present，there
exist
some
problems
in
the
①evaluation
of
teachers.Schools
should
perfect
the
means
of
②evaluation．
Sentence
Pattern
while引导让步状语从句
(教材P56)While
Tao's
return
to
nature
was
a
reaction
to
a
lifestyle
he
was
opposed
to，Thoreau's
was
a
personal
decision
to
transform
the
way
he
lived.
陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应，而梭罗则是个人的决定，为了改变他的生活方式。
句式分析：句中while引导让步状语从句，相当于although/though。
[例1] While
he
was
tired，he
went
on
working.
虽然他累了，但他还是继续工作。
[例2] While
I
admit
that
the
problems
are
difficult，I
don't
agree
that
they
cannot
be
solved.
尽管我承认这些问题很棘手，但我不同意说它们无法解决。
[造句] 虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。
While
he
loves
his
students，he
is
very
strict
with
them.
[知识拓展]
(1)while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although/though。
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as
long
as。
(5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。
此时主要用于短语中：after
a
while过了一会儿；for
a
while暂时，一会儿；all
the
while一直，始终等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some
people
waste
food
while
others
haven't
enough.
②While
there
is
life，there
is
hope.
只要有生命就有希望。
③While
she
was
listening
to
the
radio，she
fell
asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了。
④He
sat
for
a
while，thinking
about
what
Janice
had
said
to
him.他坐了一会儿，想着贾妮丝跟他说过的话。
段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
【例文】
Why
do
young
children
and
scientists
seem
to
be
so
much
alike?
Psychologists
have
suggested
that
science
as
an
effort—the
desire
to
explore，explain，and
understand
our
world—is
simply
something
that
comes
from
our
babyhood.Perhaps
evolution(进化)provided
human
babies
with
curiosity
and
a
natural
drive
to
explain
their
worlds，and
adult
scientists
simply
make
use
of
the
same
drive
that
served
them
as
children.The
same
cognitive(认知的)systems
that
make
young
children
feel
good
about
figuring
something
out
may
have
been
adopted
by
adult
scientists.As
some
psychologists
put
it，“It
is
not
that
children
are
little
scientists
but
that
scientists
are
big
children.”
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
paragraph?
A．The
world
may
be
more
clearly
explained
through
children's
play.
B．Studying
babies'
play
may
lead
to
a
better
understanding
of
science.
C．Children
may
have
greater
ability
to
figure
out
things
than
scientists.
D．One's
drive
for
scientific
research
may
become
stronger
as
he
grows.
★试题特点
此类试题多在说明文和议论文中所涉及的各类话题如社会文化类、科普知识类等进行考查。
★解题思路
Step
1：用略读法快速查找段落主题句
(□中句)
Step
2：详读——把儿童时期的发展视为一项科学调查，可以揭示孩子们是如何学习的，但同时提供了科学和科学家鼓舞人心的一面。
Step
3：尝试解答——根据主题句及最后一句话“It
is
not
that
children
are
little
scientists
but
that
scientists
are
big
children.”(不是孩子是小科学家而是科学家是大孩子)可知选B。
★名师点津
做题时要特别注意所问段落的首句和尾句(首尾兼顾)。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
[针对性练习]
A
…
A
separate
concert，“Songs
We
Love”，found
Bridgewater
singing
less
politically
charged
(but
still
exciting)fare
like
St.James
Infirmary，which
appears
on
her
most
recent
album.In
words
as
well
as
music，this
period
reveals
how
seriously
Bridgewater
takes
that
responsibility，seeing
as
how
it
connects
to
her
own
experience
in
the
jazz
lineage.But
maybe“seriously”isn't
the
right
word
when
it
comes
to
Dee
Dee，whose
effervescence(欢腾，活泼)shines
through
even
in
a
reflective
mood.Join
her
here
for
a
while;
she's
excellent
company，no
more
or
less
so
now
that
mastery
is
officially
a
part
of
her
resume.
What
does
the
paragraph
mainly
talk
about?
A．Bridgewater's
music
theme.
B．Bridgewater's
music
experience.
C．Bridgewater's
personal
characters.
D．Bridgewater's
great
achievements.
A [段落大意题。根据文中的“singing
less
politically
charged...”可知，她的歌曲政治味不太强烈，故本段主要讲了布里姬沃特的音乐主题。]
B
There
is
a
breakthrough
in
building
aircrafts.Bendable
wings
covered
with
overlapping(部分重叠)pieces
resembling
fish
sizes
could
be
used
to
build
swifter，fuel?efficient
aircraft，a
new
study
finds.
Nowadays，conventional
aircrafts
typically
rely
on
ailerons(副翼)to
help
control
the
way
the
planes
tip
as
they
fly.However，when
the
Wright
brothers
flew
the
first
airplane，Flyer
1，over
a
century
ago，they
used
no
ailerons
but
wires
and
pulleys
that
twisted
the
wood?and?canvas
wings，to
control
the
plane.
Scientists
have
long
sought
to
develop
aircrafts
that
can
alter
their
wings
during
flight，just
as
birds
can.However，most
previous
attempts
have
failed
because
they
relied
on
heavy
mechanical
control
structures
within
the
wings.These
structures
were
also
complex
and
unreliable，said
Neil
Gershenfeld，a
physicist
and
director
of
the
Center
for
Bits
and
Atoms
at
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
(MIT).
The
new
wing
consists
of
a
system
of
tiny，strong，lightweight
modules.The
shape
of
the
wing
can
be
changed
uniformly
along
its
length
using
two
small
motors，which
apply
a
twisting
pressure
to
each
wingtip.These
wings
are
covered
in“skins”of
overlapping
strips
of
flexible
material
resembling
fish
sizes.These
strips
move
across
each
other
as
the
wings
alter，providing
a
smooth
outer
surface，the
researchers
explained.
What
is
the
fourth
paragraph
mainly
about?
A．The
shape
of
the
new
wings.
B．The
result
of
the
tested
wings.
C．The
function
of
the
small
motors.
D．The
working
principle
of
the
new
wings.
D [段落大意题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段主要讲述了新机翼的工作原理。故选D。]
1非限定动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、动词的非限定形式(即非谓语形式)作主语
[观察例句]
1．Knowing
basic
first?aid
techniques
will
help
you
respond
quickly
to
emergencies.
2．It
is
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
3．To
climb
the
mountain
is
hard
work
but
to
go
down
the
mountain
is
great
fun.
4．It
is
not
easy
to
find
your
way
around
the
town.
[归纳用法]
1．?ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语。常用于固定句型：It's
a
waste
of
time
doing...；It's
no
use/good
doing...；It
is
useless
doing...；There
is
no...等中。
2．不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用
it作形式主语。
3．it作形式主语时，不定式或?ing形式是真正的主语，放在句子后部，以使句子保持平衡。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①His
coming(come)late
made
the
teacher
very
angry.
②It
is
no
use
crying(cry)over
spilt
milk.
③To
see(see)is
to
believe.
④It
is
important
to
respect(respect)people.
二、动词的非限定形式作宾语
[观察例句]
1．My
English
teacher
promised
to
lend
some
books
to
me.
2．We
only
missed
seeing
each
other
by
five
minutes.
3．Do
you
mind
being
interrupted
while
studying?
4．My
mother
couldn't
help
smiling
when
she
heard
the
good
news.
[归纳用法]
1．下列动词后只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;
refuse，manage，care，pretend;
offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等
2．下列动词或动词短语后只能用?ing形式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider，suggest/advise，look
forward
to，excuse/pardon;
admit，delay/put
off，fancy(想象，设想);
avoid，miss，keep/keep
on，practice;
deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate;
forbid，imagine，risk;
can't
help，mind，allow/permit，escape
此外，下列动词短语后也要用?ing形式作宾语：
be
used/accustomed
to，lead
to，devote
to，go
back
to，stick
to，object
to，get
down
to，pay
attention
to，can't
stand
(无法忍受)，give
up，feel
like，insist
on，thank...for，apologize
for，be
busy
(in)，have
difficulty/trouble
(in)，have
a
good/wonderful/hard
time
(in)，spend
time
(in)，look
forward
to
3．下列动词或动词短语后既可以用?ing形式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
后接不定式
后接动名词
regret
to
do
sth.遗憾要去做某事
regret
doing
sth.后悔做过某事
forget
to
do
sth.忘记要去做某事
forget
doing
sth.忘记已做过某事
remember
to
do
sth.记得要去做某事
remember
doing
sth.记得做过某事
mean
to
do
sth.打算做某事
mean
doing
sth.意味着做某事
try
to
do
sth.努力/企图去做某事
try
doing
sth.试着做某事
can't
help
(to)do
sth.不能帮助做某事
can't
help
doing
sth.情不自禁地做某事
I
had
meant
to
give
you
this
book
today，but
I
forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
Missing
this
train
means
waiting
for
another
hour.
错过这辆火车意味着再等一小时。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①David
refused
to
accept(accept)my
invitation.
②I
had
great
difficulty
finding(find)the
suitable
food
on
the
menu
in
that
restaurant.
③Bill
suggested
holding(hold)a
meeting
on
what
to
do
for
the
Expo
during
the
vacation.
三、动词的非限定形式作表语
[观察例句]
1．His
wish
is
to
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
2．My
job
is
to
clean
the
rooms
every
day.
3．Our
task
is
playing
all
kinds
of
music.
4．My
job
is
teaching.
[归纳用法]
1．不定式作表语常用来表示预计要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
2．?ing形式作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The
queen's
work
is
laying(lay)eggs.
②The
purpose
of
education
is
to
develop(develop)a
fine
personality
in
children.
③The
next
step
is
to
make(make)sure
that
you
know
exactly
what
is
required.
④His
ambition
is
to
go(go)Harvard
University.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Being
surrounded(surround)by
beautiful
green
mountains
and
located
at
the
foot
of
Mount
Lu
makes
it
a
famous
tourist
attraction.
2．They
never
quit
looking(look)for
a
way
to
get
where
they
are
supposed
to
go!
3．The
clubs
in
Argentina
couldn't
help
him，but
the
famous
Barcelona
club
in
Spain
offered
to
accept(accept)Messi
on
the
junior
team
and
pay
for
the
bills.
4．Scientists
have
discovered
that
staying(stay)in
the
cold
could
help
us
lose
weight.
5．It's
never
foolish
to
acknowledge(acknowledge)you
are
wrong.Being
humans，we
all
need
the
art
of
apology.
6．Firstly，you
should
consider
dividing(divide)them
into
different
groups
—
who
are
the
people
you
don't
know
well
but
see
pretty
much
daily.
7．He
appreciated
being
given(give)a
chance
to
make
a
presentation
in
the
annual
seminar
on
Comparative
Literature.
8．A
great
deal
is
yet
to
do(do).
9．It
would
be
wrong
for
people
to
marry(marry)for
money.
10．He
hopes
to
create(create)an
environment
for
his
students
that
is
much
more
relaxing
than
the
one
he
used
to
study
in.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He
seems
to
be
reading
in
his
room.
看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。
2．To
finish
the
work
in
ten
minutes
is
very
hard.
十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
3．Marx
found
it
important
to
study
the
situation
in
Russia.
马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。
4．He
came
to
the
party
without
being
invited．
他未被邀请就来参加晚会了。
5．Reading
aloud
is
very
helpful.
大声朗读是很有好处的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
There
is
a
wonderful
story
about
a
young
girl
who
had
no
family
and
no
one
1.to
love(love)her.
One
day，2.feeling(feel)very
sad
and
lonely，she
was
walking
through
a
grassland
when
she
noticed
a
small
butterfly
3.caught(catch)in
a
thorny
bush.The
young
girl
carefully
released
the
butterfly.Instead
of
4.flying(fly)away，the
little
butterfly
changed
into
a
beautiful
fairy.
“In
return
for
your
wonderful
kindness，”the
good
fairy
said
to
the
girl，“I
will
give
you
any
wish
that
you
would
like
5.to
get(get).”The
little
girl
thought
for
a
moment
and
then
replied，“I
want
to
be
happy.”
6．Leaning(lean)toward
her，the
fairy
whispered
in
her
ear
and
then
disappeared.
With
the
little
girl
7.growing(grow)up，there
was
no
one
in
the
land
happier
than
she
was.Everyone
wanted
to
make
themselves
8.told(tell)the
secret
of
happiness
by
her.She
would
only
smile
and
answer，“The
secret
of
my
happiness
is
that
I
listened
to
a
good
fairy
when
I
was
a
little
girl.”
When
she
was
dying，the
neighbors
all
gathered
around
her，9.fearing(fear)that
her
unbelievable
secret
of
happiness
would
die
with
her.So
they
begged
her
10.to
tell(tell)them
what
the
good
fairy
said.The
lovely
old
woman
simply
smiled
and
said，“She
told
me
that
everyone，no
matter
how
old
or
young，how
rich
or
poor，had
need
of
me.”
11．architect
n.
建筑师→architecture
n．建筑学；建筑术；建筑风格；建筑式样
2．superb
adj.极好的，出色的→superbly
adv.庄重地；华美地；极好地
3．front
n．前面；正面；前线
adj.前面的，前部的；正面的→frontier
n．知识/物理学等的前沿
frontier
n．(知识/物理学等的)前沿，尖端；国界，边界；边远地区
①a
remote
frontier
settlement边远地区
②the
frontier
between
Austria
and
Hungary边界
③advance
the
frontiers
of
science前沿/领域
Words
And
Phrases
take
for
granted
认为……理所当然
(教材P50)In
fact，we
are
so
used
to
them
that
we
may
even
take
them
for
granted
without
realising
how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
[例1] He
just
takes
everything
his
mother
does
for
him
for
granted.
他只是认为他妈妈为他做的一切都是理所当然的。
[例2] We
shouldn't
take
anything
for
granted.
我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。
[造句] 你不应该认为父母的爱理所当然。
You
shouldn't
take
your
parents'
love
for
granted.
[知识拓展]
take
it
for
granted
that...
想当然地认为……
granting
that...＝granted
that...
假定……，即使……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They
now
have
their
own
opinions;
you
can't
take
it
for
granted
that
they'll
listen
to
you.
②Granted/Granting(grant)that
this
is
true，what
conclusion
can
you
reach?
③She
often
told
me
not
to
take
things
for
granted(grant).
superb
adj.极好的，出色的
(教材P51)Harare's
Eastgate
Centre
is
a
superb
example
of
biomimicry.
哈拉雷的东门中心是仿生学极好的典范。
[例1] The
sports
facilities
are
superb.
运动设施是一流的。
[例2] It
makes
a
superb
filling
for
cakes.
它非常适合做蛋糕的馅儿。
[造句] 这辆车车况极好。
The
car's
in
superb
condition.
[知识拓展]
(1)look
superb
看上去棒极了
a
superb
performance
一流的演出
a
superb
dinner
一顿丰盛的晚餐
(2)superbly
adv.
庄重地；华美地；极好地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
performed
superbly(superb)in
the
test.
②His
medical
skill
is
so
superb
that
he
can
hardly
be
filled
in
for
an
emergency.
他医术高超，在紧急情况下几乎无人企及。
[小片段填空]
Cylinder
observed
that
the
best
hospitals
did
not
just
have
①superb
doctors.They
were
also
②superbly
organised.
convert...into将……转化为；使……转变为
(教材P51)The
panels
also
capture
heat
from
the
sun
and
convert
it
into
energy
that
powers
the
building.
太阳能面板还能从太阳中获取热量，并将其转化为提供给建筑物的能量。
[例1] All
the
bank
money
was
converted
into
cash.
所有的银行票据都兑换成了现金。
[例2] A
poet
is
one
who
can
convert
ordinary
words
into
a
meaningful
and
effective
piece
of
writing.
诗人是能够用普通的文字写出寓意深刻、感人至深的作品的人。
[造句] 所有形式的能量都转化为热能。
All
forms
of
energy
are
converted
into
heat.
[知识拓展]
convert...from...to... 把……从……转化为……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Modernization
has
converted
the
country
from
a
primitive
society
to
a
near?industrial
one.
②At
what
rate
does
the
dollar
convert
into
pounds?
respond
to
回应……；对……作出反应
(教材P51)The
building
therefore
not
only
responds
to
its
environment
and
uses
less
energy，but
also
reduces
damage
to
the
environment
by
generating
its
own
renewable
energy.
因此，该建筑不仅能对环境作出反应，减少能源消耗，而且还能通过生产自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。
[例1] The
woman
conductor
kindly
responded
to
my
question.
女列车员亲切地回答了我的问题。
[例2] The
teacher
responded
affirmatively
to
the
question
that
student
have
put
forward.
老师对那个学生的问题作了肯定的回答。
[造句] 她听到那个消息后眼泪夺眶而出。
She
responded
to
the
news
by
bursting
into
tears.
[知识拓展]
(1)respond
that...
回答说……
(2)response
n.
回答；响应；反应
in
response
to
响应；反应(通常作状语)
make
(no)response
to
对……(没)作出反应/回答
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Did
Mother's
leg
respond
to
treatment?
②The
product
was
developed
in
response(respond)to
customers'
demand.
③She
responded
to
my
letter
with
a
phone
call.
＝
She
made
a
response
to
my
letter
with
a
phone
call.
她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。
[小片段填空]
On
your
first
question，we
have
①responded
to
it
on
various
occasions.I
believe
you've
also
taken
note
of
the
②response
by
the
Ministry
of
Defense.
Sentence
Patterns
so...that...引导结果状语从句
(教材P50)In
fact，we
are
so
used
to
them
that
we
may
even
take
them
for
granted
without
realising
how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[例1] She's
kind
and
patient，and
she
explains
English
grammar
so
clearly
that
even
I
can
understand
it!
她友善、耐心，把英语语法讲解得清清楚楚，连我都懂了！
[例2] At
one
point
we
were
so
high
that
we
found
ourselves
cycling
through
clouds.
在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
[造句] 他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
He
was
so
foolish
that
he
accepted
her
invitation.
[知识拓展]
(1)so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句，口语中that可以省略。常见搭配如下：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...
(2)such...that...如此……以至于……，such修饰的是名词。常见搭配如下：
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词＋that...
such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that...
(3)so
that意为“因此，结果”，引导结果状语从句。so
that还可表示“以便，目的是”，引导目的状语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①He
had
so
little
education
that
he
was
unfit
for
this
job.
②It
is
so
good
a
film
that
I'd
like
to
see
it
a
second
time.
③It
was
so
fine
a
day
that
we
went
out
for
a
walk.
→It
was
such
a
fine
day
that
we
went
out
for
a
walk.
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(教材P50)Today，architects
continue
to
explore
ways
to
capture
the
beauty
of
natural
forms，to
mimic
the
way
nature
works
or
even
to
make
natural
organisms
part
of
a
building．
今天，建筑师继续探索如何捕捉自然形态之美，模仿自然的运行方式，甚至使天然有机物成为建筑的一部分。
句式分析：句中make
natural
organisms
part
of
a
building为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为part
of
a
building。
[例1] The
bad
news
made
us
more
anxious
for
the
matter.
这个坏消息使我们对这件事更加担忧。
[例2] His
joke
made
us
laugh
our
heads
off.
他讲的笑话逗得我们大笑不已。
[造句] 她帮他坐起身来，以便他舒服一点。
She
sat
him
up
and
made
him
comfortable.
[知识拓展]
(1)“make
＋
宾语
＋
宾补”结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当；该结构中一般不用现在分词充当宾补；职务名词充当宾补时其前面不用加冠词。
(2)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for
sb.)to
do
sth.
make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
(3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
two
girls
are
so
alike
that
strangers
find
it
difficult
to
tell(tell)one
from
the
other.
②We
thought
it
no
use
explaining
to
him
what
had
happened
here
because
he
didn't
care.
③This
non?stop
communication，the
experts
think，has
made
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other.
专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
状语从句的省略
(教材P51)To
meet
the
needs
of
today
while
protecting
the
world
of
tomorrow
may
be
a
challenge，but
even
the
simplest
organisms
can
help
teach
us
how
to
achieve
this.在保护明天的世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战，但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮助我们实现这一点。
句式分析：句中while
protecting
the
world
of
tomorrow是时间状语从句的省略形式。
[例1] Work
hard
while/when
(you
are)young，or
you'll
regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
[例2] While
(she
was)walking
along
the
river
bank，she
was
singing
a
pop
song.
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
[造句] 做家庭作业的时候不要听音乐。
Don't
listen
to
music
when/while
(you
are)doing
your
homework.
[知识拓展]
当when，while，before，after，unless，as
if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
[即学即练] 句型转换
①If
you
are
accepted
for
the
job，you'll
be
informed
soon.
→If
accepted
for
the
job，you'll
be
informed
soon.
②While
he
was
playing
with
his
children
outdoors，the
father
felt
very
happy.
→While
playing
with
his
children
outdoors，the
father
felt
very
happy.
③He
won't
come
unless
he
is
invited.
→He
won't
come
unless
invited．
1．In
fact，we
are
so
used
to
them
that
we
may
even
take
them
for
granted
without
realising
how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us.
分析：句中so
used
to
them
that...为so...that...引导的结果状语从句，其中介词without后是动名词短语作宾语，how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us
为how引导的宾语从句。
译文：事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2．To
meet
the
needs
of
today
while
protecting
the
world
of
tomorrow
may
be
a
challenge，but
even
the
simplest
organisms
can
help
teach
us
how
to
achieve
this.
分析：句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中不定式短语To
meet
the
needs
of
today为主语，while
protecting
the
world
of
tomorrow为时间状语，第二个分句中how
to
achieve
this为宾语。
译文：在保护明天的世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战，但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮助我们实现这一点。
教材
高考
1.In
fact，we
are
so
used
to
them
that
we
may
even
take
them
for
granted
without
realising
how
much
inspiration
they
have
given
us.
(2019·江苏卷)Chris
and
Tim
offered
us
the
answer:
human
beings
took
it
for
granted
that
their
brains
held
all
the
solutions，but
maybe
their
hearts
can
be
a
better
guide.
2.When
we
look
at
a
pine
cone，we
might
think
how
much
it
looks
like
the
tiles
on
a
roof.
(2019·江苏卷)In
one
week
he
was
the
confused
owner
of
a
cone
five
hundred
feet
high.
3.Today，architects
continue
to
explore
ways
to
capture
the
beauty
of
natural
forms，to
mimic
the
way
nature
works
or
even
to
make
natural
organisms
part
of
a
building.
(2019·天津卷)What
makes
the
populations
of
different
species
the
way
they
are？
4.Architecture
Frontier
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Space:
The
Final
Homework
Frontier.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We've
had
a
very
positive
response(respond)to
the
idea.
2．She
is
such
a
lovely
girl
that
we
all
like
her.
3．I
have，however，seen
a
superbly(superb)majestic
and
beautiful
sunrise.
4．The
hotel
is
going
to
be
converted(convert)into
a
nursing
home.
5．Don't
take
it
for
granted
that
we
can
succeed
without
working
hard.
6．Mr.Murphy
is
so
good
a
teacher
that
he
can
get
across
these
problems.
7．He
almost
had
to
shout
to
make
himself
heard(hear)above
the
music.
8．When
speaking(speak)before
people，you
must
have
confidence.
9．He
sat
on
the
ground
which
was
littered
with
dry
grass
and
pine
cones(cone).
10．Should
architects(architect)continue
to
be
trained
for
five
years
at
public
expense?
Ⅱ.短语填空
take...for
granted，based
on，convert...into，respond
to，such
as
1．Tom
didn't
respond
to
any
of
my
calls.Something
must
have
happened
to
him.
2．Our
health
shouldn't
be
taken
for
granted
and
we
must
care
for
it.
3．Issues
such
as
these
were
not
really
his
concern.
4．The
signals
from
the
video
tape
can
be
converted
into
digital
code.
5．The
book
follows
four
characters，loosely
based
on
my
uncles.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Nature
has
inspired
many
fascinating
designs
1.in
architecture.Singapore's
ArtScience
Museum，2.shaped(shape)to
resemble
a
lotus
flower，was
designed
to
show
the
connection
between
nature
and
the
modern
city
environment.Visitors
are
often
amazed
to
find
3.themselves(they)in
an
urban
building
that
so
truly
captures
the
beauty
of
natural
forms.Zimbabwean
architect
Mick
Pearce
4.was
inspired(inspire)to
create
Harare's
Eastgate
Centre
while
5.watching(watch)termites
constructing
their
nests.The
design
reduces
the
need
for
6.traditional(tradition)air
conditioning
and
heating
systems，so
the
building
uses
less
energy
and
costs
less
to
run.The
7.world's(world)first
algae?powered
building
is
in
Hamburg，Germany.Its
surface
is
covered
in
panels
8.that/which
contain
algae.The
building
therefore
not
only
uses
less
energy，9.but
also
reduces
damage
to
the
environment
by
generating
its
own
renewable
energy.Creating
such
10.buildings(building)enables
us
to
live
in
closer
harmony
with
our
environment.
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
A.单词匹配
( )1.pond
A．n.蝙蝠
( )2.wisdom
B．n.医生
( )3.bat
C．n.池塘
( )4.physician
D．n.智慧
( )5.rural
E．adj.农村的，乡村的
( )6.decent
F．n.乡村小屋
( )7.cottage
G．adj.驯养的；家养的
( )8.domestic
H．adj.可接受的，相当好的
( )9.purity
I．adj.植物(学)的
( )10.botanical
J．n.纯洁；洁净
[答案] 1－5 CDABE 6－10 HFGJI
B.短语匹配
( )1.seek
solutions
to
A．不拘束，放松
( )2.draw...from
B．从……中获取
( )3.at
ease
with
C．寻求解决方法
( )4.reaction
to
D．听任，只好接受
( )5.withdraw
from
E．(对……的)反应
( )6.resign
oneself
to
F．脱离……
[答案] 1－6 CBAEFD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．sow
v.
播(种)
2．employ
v.
使用，运用
3．bow
v.
鞠躬
4．withdraw
v.
退出
5．depressive
adj.
抑郁的
6．resign
v.
使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
7．reject
v.
冷落，嫌弃，厌弃
8．ease
n.
舒适，悠闲
9．attain
v.
得到，获得
10．evaluate
v.
评估，评价
Ⅰ.语境填空
employ，sowed，withdraw，rural，bow，reject，domestic，attained，evaluate，ease
1．We
sowed
our
vegetable
seeds
yesterday.Have
you
sown
yours?
2．How
many
workmen
do
you
employ
at
your
factory?
3．They
refused
to
bow
down
before
the
king.
4．We
left
the
city
for
a
rural
home.
5．I
want
to
withdraw
a
statement
I
made
earlier.
6．Chickens
and
dogs
are
domestic
animals.
7．He
was
afraid
she
would
reject
him
because
he
was
a
foreigner.
8．They
are
expected
to
win
the
election
with
ease．
9．Our
research
attempts
to
evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
the
different
drugs.
10．She
attained
her
ambition
of
becoming
a
pilot.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．A
bridge
between
ancient
wisdom(wise)and
modern
insight
is
now
being
built.
2．Graduates
are
finding
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
find
employment(employ).
3．His
discovery
was
considered
as
the
botanical(botany)find
of
the
century.
4．She
was
a
woman
of
purity(pure)and
goodness.
5．She
told
them
that
her
daughter?in?law
was
depressive(depress).
6．This
standard
is
easily
attainable(attain)by
most
students.
7．What
do
you
think
of
the
latest
evaluation(evaluate)of
the
health
care
system?
8．A
rejection(reject)letter
is
a
letter
in
which
you
are
told
that
you
have
not
been
accepted
for
a
job.
1．Superficially，these
two
men，whose
lives
were
separated
in
time
by
nearly
1，500
years，were
polar
opposites.
从表面上看，这两个人的生活在时间上相差近1
500年，是截然相反的。
2．And
yet
they
shared
an
intense
respect
for
nature，which
made
them
each
an
influential
figure
of
their
time.
然而，他们都对大自然怀有强烈的敬意，这使他们成为各自时代的有影响力的人物。
3．In
405，he
quit
the
service
of
the
court
for
good，expressing
his
unhappiness
in
the
now
famous
line
that
he
would
not“bow
like
a
servant
in
return
for
five
dou
of
grain”．
在405年，他永远地退出了官场，在现在仍然著名的不愿为“五斗米折腰”那句话中表达了他的不满。
4．In
today's
modern
world，their
ideas
about
living
simply
and
being
at
ease
with
nature
may
take
us
a
step
closer
to
attaining
personal
well?being
and
fulfilment.
在当今现代世界里，他们关于简朴生活及与自然和谐相处的思想可能会让我们离获得安乐和满足更近一步。
3写一篇因违背自然规律而得到教训的短文
此类文章属于夹叙夹议类小短文。写作通常只需包含“谁？干了什么事？结果如何？”等，然后再谈谈从这次经历中得出了什么经验教训。需要注意的是：
1．叙事时态多用一般过去时，看法和感受多用一般现在时；人称多以第一和第三人称为主；
2．其次还要注意叙事的衔接性，常见的衔接词如：(just)then，after
(that)，when，as
soon
as等。
[基本框架]
第一部分：叙述事情的起因；
第二部分：叙述事情的经过；
第三部分：感受和教训。
[常用词块]
1．to
live
a
better
life为了过更好的生活
2．thank
you
very
much
for
your
concern
非常感谢你的关心
3．have
problems
with
their
noses
and
lungs
他们的鼻子和肺有问题
4．have
to
take
action
to
protect
our
environment
必须采取措施来保护我们的环境
5．be
nowhere
to
find无处可寻
6．be
to
blame
for
it要为此负责
7．waste
plenty
of
resources浪费大量的资源
8．make
the
world
a
pleasant
place
to
live
in
让世界成为一个宜居的地方
9．learn
a
lesson
from
this
failure从这次失败中吸取教训
10．the
lesson
from
my
previous
mistake以往的错误给我的教训
[常用语句]
1．Once
lost，they
can
never
be
replaced.
一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。
2．This
is
a
warning
to
me
to
be
more
careful
in
the
future.
这对我是个警告，以后要多加小心。
3．Improper
human
activities
contribute
a
lot
to
those
disasters.
不适当的人类活动导致了这些灾难。
4．So
it
is
high
time
that
we
protected
our
environment.所以，是时候保护我们的环境了。
5．Only
if
we
stop
damaging
the
environment
and
do
our
best
to
protect
it
can
we
make
the
world
a
pleasant
place
to
live
in.
只有我们停止破坏环境，并尽我们最大的努力保护它，我们才能使世界成为一个宜居的地方。
假如你是李华，你的朋友Mike向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你根据下面的汉语提示用英语写一篇短文，向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者，芒芒然归，谓其人曰，“今日病矣！予助苗长矣！”其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[参考范文]
The
set
phrase“ya
miao
zhu
zhang”means“Trying
to
help
seedlings
grow
by
pulling
them
up”．There
is
a
story
behind
it.
A
man
in
the
Song
State
was
anxious
about
the
slow
growth
of
his
seedlings.So，he
pulled
them
upward
one
by
one.He
came
back
saying
to
his
family，“I'm
exhausted
today，for
I've
helped
the
seedlings
grow
much
taller.”Hearing
this，his
son
ran
to
look
and
found
all
had
dried
up
and
died.
This
set
phrase
teaches
us
the
lesson
that
going
against
the
law
of
development
in
things
and
being
overanxious
for
quick
results
will
make
things
worse.
1课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Holidaymakers
wanting
to
get
away
from
the
pressure
of
modern
life
might
consider
staying
at
a
wooden
hut
in
Sweden.
The
Kolarbyn
Eco?Lodge
Hotel
is
not
for
everyone.If
you
can't
even
understand
the
idea
of
living
without
electricity，running
water，or
a
modern
toilet，then
the
charm
of
this
place
will
probably
not
appeal
to
you.But
for
anyone
trying
to
escape
the
pressure
and
busy
life
of
the
big
city
or
take
a
break
from
the
Internet
and
other
modern
devices，this
place
is
a
paradise(乐园).Located
1
km
south
of
Skarsjon
Beach，in
the
middle
of
a
pristine
Swedish
forest，Kolarbyn
Eco?Lodge
consists
of
12
wooden
huts
with
nothing
but
two
sheepskin?covered
wooden
beds，and
a
wood
stove
that
uses
wood
cut
by
the
guests
themselves.
Self?catering
breakfast，lunch
and
dinner
consist
of
items
like
spaghetti(意大利细面条)，tomato
sauce，bread，fruit
and
eggs
that
tourists
have
to
cook
themselves
over
an
outside
fire；there
is
no
shower，only
a
nearby
spring
and
as
for
toilet，visitors
are
encouraged
to
go
behind
a
tree，or
visit
one
of
the
two
sheds(棚子).
Adding
to
the
charm
of
this
place
is
the
long
coal?making
tradition
of
Kolarbyn.Locals
have
been
building
these
huts
from
wood
and
mud
for
over
400
years，and
a
few
of
them
came
up
with
the
idea
of
recreating
a
few
of
them
in
the
woods
as
an
eco?lodge
to
keep
tradition
alive
in
the
area.
“People
visit
Kolarbyn
lodges
because
they
want
to
experience
the
nature
and
to
test
sleeping
in
the
historical
huts.They
want
to
get
away
from
the
normal
life，”the
owner
Andreas
Ahlsen
said.“The
huts
themselves
are
relatively
small，as
if
they
are
too
big，it
will
destroy
the
nature
experience.”
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一个简单而环保的旅馆——the
Kolarbyn
Eco?Lodge
Hotel。
1．Which
of
the
following
can
best
describe
the
Kolarbyn
Eco?Lodge
Hotel?
A．Modern
and
luxurious.
B．Perfect
and
unique.
C．Cheap
and
appealing.
D．Simple
and
environmentally
friendly.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知，这家旅馆是简单而且环保的。故选D。]
2．What
does
the
underlined
word“them”refer
to
in
Paragraph
4?
A．Old
traditions.
B．Local
people.
C．Wooden
huts.
D．Creative
ideas.
C [代词指代题。根据画线词所在句中的“Locals
have
been
building
these
huts
from
wood
and
mud
for
over
400
years”和recreating(再建造)可知，此处指“再建造一些木制小屋”。故选C。]
3．Why
do
people
want
to
visit
the
Kolarbyn
Eco?Lodge
Hotel?
A．To
escape
modern
life.
B．To
have
a
good
sleep.
C．To
compare
rural
and
city
life.
D．To
experience
poverty
of
locals.
A [推理判断题。根据本文第一段内容和最后一段中的“People
visit
Kolarbyn
lodges
because
they
want
to
experience
the
nature
and
to
test
sleeping
in
the
historical
huts.They
want
to
get
away
from
the
normal
life”可知选A。]
B
How
could
we
possibly
think
that
keeping
animals
in
cages
in
unnatural
environments—mostly
for
entertainment
purposes—is
fair
and
respectful?
Zoo
officials
say
they
are
concerned
about
animals.However，most
zoos
remain“collections”of
interesting“things”rather
than
protective
habitats.Zoos
teach
people
that
it
is
acceptable
to
keep
animals
bored，lonely，and
far
from
their
natural
homes.
Zoos
claim
to
educate
people
and
save
endangered
species，but
visitors
leave
zoos
without
having
learned
anything
meaningful
about
the
animals'
natural
behaviour，intelligence，or
beauty.Zoos
keep
animals
in
small
spaces
or
cages，and
most
signs
only
mention
the
species'
name，diet，and
the
natural
range.The
animals'
normal
behaviour
is
seldom
noticed
because
zoos
don't
usually
take
care
of
the
animals'
natural
needs.
The
animals
are
kept
together
in
small
spaces，with
no
privacy
and
little
opportunity
for
mental
and
physical
exercise.This
results
in
unusual
and
self?destructive
behaviour
called
zoochosis.A
worldwide
study
of
zoos
found
that
zoochosis
is
common
among
animals
kept
in
small
spaces
or
cages.Another
study
showed
that
elephants
spend
22
percent
of
their
time
making
repeated
head
movements
or
biting
cage
bars，and
bears
spend
30
percent
of
their
time
walking
back
and
forth，a
sign
of
unhappiness
and
pain.
Furthermore，most
animals
in
zoos
are
not
endangered.Captive
breeding(圈养繁殖)of
endangered
big
cats，Asian
elephants，and
other
species
has
not
resulted
in
their
being
sent
back
to
the
wild.Zoos
talk
a
lot
about
their
captive
breeding
programmes
because
they
do
not
want
people
to
worry
about
a
species
dying
out.In
fact，baby
animals
also
attract
a
lot
of
paying
customers.Haven't
we
seen
enough
competitions
to
name
baby
animals?
Actually，we
will
save
endangered
species
only
if
we
save
their
habitats
and
put
an
end
to
the
reasons
why
people
kill
them.Instead
of
supporting
zoos，we
should
support
groups
that
work
to
protect
animals'
natural
habitats.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了动物园的一些错误做法，指出了不应该把动物圈养在动物园里，而应当通过保护动物的自然生存环境和停止杀害来保护濒危动物。
4．How
would
the
author
describe
the
animals'
life
in
zoos?
A．Dangerous.
B．Unhappy.
C．Natural.
D．Easy.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zoos
teach
people
that
it
is
acceptable
to
keep
animals
bored，lonely，and
far
from
their
natural
homes.”和第四段最后一句中的“...and
bears
spend
30
percent
of
their
time
walking
back
and
forth，a
sign
of
unhappiness
and
pain.”可知，动物们被关在动物园里是不开心的。故选B。]
5．What
does
the
author
try
to
argue
in
the
passage?
A．Zoos
fail
in
their
attempt
to
save
animals.
B．Zoos
are
not
worth
the
public
support.
C．Zoos
should
treat
animals
as
human
beings.
D．Zoos
use
animals
as
a
means
of
entertainment.
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Instead
of
supporting
zoos，we
should
support
groups
that
work
to
protect
animals'
natural
habitats.”可知，作者认为动物园不值得支持。故选B。]
6．The
author
tries
to
persuade
readers
to
accept
his
argument
mainly
by________．
A．pointing
out
the
faults
in
what
zoos
do
B．using
evidence
he
has
collected
at
zoos
C．questioning
the
way
animals
are
protected
D．discussing
the
advantages
of
natural
habitats
A [推理判断题。本文的第二、三、四段介绍了动物园的错误做法，所以作者是通过指出动物园的错误做法来证明自己的观点的。故选A。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When
tragedy
struck
his
little
girl
during
the
Depression
(大萧条)，this
father
did
the
only
thing
he
could.
The
tragedy
happened
in
the
year
1933.I
was
only
6
years
old
when
I
was
rushed
to
the
hospital
with
two
crushed
feet.My
parents
were
told
I
might
never
walk
again.
The
accident
happened
when
I
was
sitting
in
front
of
our
house
in
Lowell，Massachusetts.I
was
playing
in
a
puddle(水坑)after
a
rainstorm
and
suddenly
felt
a
huge
weight
on
my
feet.When
I
looked
up，there
was
a
car
tire
on
them.I
cried
out，but
the
motor
was
running
and
no
one
could
hear
me
over
the
engine.
The
driver
ran
across
the
street
for
a
newspaper.When
he
got
back
to
his
car，he
drove
away
—
never
knowing
he
had
parked
on
my
feet.
Just
about
then，our
neighbor's
son
came
home
and
saw
me
bending
over
my
feet
in
pain.He
immediately
carried
me
home，and
I
remember
thinking
how
tall
and
strong
he
was.
An
ambulance
came，and
I
remained
in
the
hospital
for
3
weeks
while
my
feet
were“repaired”．When
I
returned
home，I
could
hardly
walk.
I
sat
in
our
bay
window
and
watched
the
children
play
on
the
street
and
longed
to
join
them...but
I
couldn't.I
felt
so
left
out
despite
my
parents'
company.
My
parents
were
told
that
if
I
was
ever
to
walk
again，I'd
need
treatment，which
in
those
days
meant
riding
a
tricycle(三轮车)to
strengthen
the
muscle
and
eventually
get
my
feet
back
into
condition
for
walking.
Our
family
couldn't
afford
such
an
extravagance(奢侈品).Times
were
tough
during
the
Depression，and
there
were
five
mouths
to
feed，besides
buying
coal
and
wood
for
the
stove.
Dad
couldn't
afford
the
bus
fare
and
on
cold
winter
days
he
walked
7
miles
every
day
in
his
only
winter
coat
to
get
to
work.No，there
was
no
money
for
a
tricycle.I
would
be
a
cripple(瘸子)all
my
life.
Paragraph
1：
Then
one
day，while
sitting
at
my
usual
place
in
the
window，I
saw
my
father
walking
up
the
street
carrying
a
tricycle
on
his
shoulder._____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2：
It
was
many
years
later
before
I
learned
where
and
how
Dad
had
got
the
tricycle.______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Paragraph
1：
Then
one
day，while
sitting
at
my
usual
place
in
the
window，I
saw
my
father
walking
up
the
street
carrying
a
tricycle
on
his
shoulder.Was
that
true?
I
couldn't
believe
my
eyes.I
opened
the
window
and
cried
out.“Is
that
tricycle
for
me？”Having
put
down
the
tricycle，Dad
told
me
that
it
belonged
to
me，“Ride
the
tricycle
every
day，and
then
you
will
be
all
right，my
girl！”From
then
on，with
my
father's
company，I
rode
it
every
day
to
strengthen
my
muscle.Regardless
of
pain，I
kept
on
practicing
riding.Eventually
I
got
my
feet
back
into
condition，and
could
walk
normally!
Paragraph
2：
It
was
many
years
later
before
I
learned
where
and
how
Dad
had
got
the
tricycle.My
mother
told
me
what
had
happened
on
those
cold
winter
days.In
his
only
winter
coat，he
was
wandering
around
the
hospital.He
begged
the
doctor
to
save
my
feet.Moved
by
my
father，the
doctor
asked
the
hospital
to
give
my
father
a
part?time
job
to
do.With
the
doctor's
help，my
father
got
the
job.Working
day
and
night，eventually，he
earned
enough
money
to
buy
the
tricycle.
1课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Try
to
put
the
young
man
at
ease
by
being
friendly
and
informal.
2．When
the
summer
crop
is
ripening，the
autumn
crop
has
to
be
sowed(sow).
3．We
need
to
seek
a
solution
to
each
specific
problem.
4．Scientists
take
inspiration
from
nature
to
make
their
breakthrough.
5．Most
of
the
newcomers
are
employed(employ)in
developing
the
technology
into
a
product.
6．We
may
re?examine
our
goals
or
our
methods
for
attaining(attain)our
goals.
7．I
find
your
theory
is
unreasonable
and
it
must
be
rejected(reject).
8．I
didn't
feel
at
ease
the
first
time
I
came
here.
9．His
reaction
was
to
withdraw(withdraw)，to
bury
himself
in
work.
10．A
systemic
examination
is
necessary
in
evaluating(evaluate)the
state
of
the
heart.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Over
the
years，thanks
to
my
life's
obstacles，I
understood
the
meaning
of
faith
and
the
strong
will
to
survive.It
was
Hurricane
Ike
that
made
me
fully__1__the
beauty
of
our
strength
and
a
human's
motivation
to__2__．
Mom
had
a
two?week
vacation
in
summer.While
we
enjoyed
our
holiday
in
Southeast
Texas，we
didn't
realise
the
fact
that
Ike__3__cause
months
and
likely
years
of“labor”．By
September
7th，the“eyes
of
Texas”were
watching
Hurricane
Ike
more__4__，making
the
typical
mad
rush
for
last?minute
hurricane
supplies.Two
days
later，both
oil
and
ice
were
in__5__demand.
In
the
early
hours
of
September
11th，some
neighbors
were
planning
to__6__the
storm
in
their
homes，__7__others
were
making
final
preparations
to
get
away.At
first，we
decided
to
stay.But
that
afternoon，the
Houston?Galveston
area
would
be
on
the
more__8__side
of
the
storm.Mom
and
I
packed
some
of
our
most__9__belongings
in
the
car
and
headed
for
the
East
Texas
town
of
Lufkin.
As
Ike
pushed
farther
inland，we
lost
power
in
Lufkin.On
Sunday，our
next?door
neighbor
told
us
via
cell
phone
that
our__10__had
remained
well.Our
hopes
could
not
have
been__11__．But
a
few
hours
later，the
neighbors
reported
that
our
brick
chimney
had__12__，and
it
was
sitting
on
our
living
room，leaving
a
hole
in
the
roof
between
two
skylights(天窗).
We
wouldn't
be
allowed
to
return
home__13__
September
17th.I
climbed
upstairs，and
looked
toward
the
hole
in
the
roof
which
showed
a
beautiful
blue
sky.Without
hesitation，I
shouted，“Wow!
A
third
skylight！”My
neighbors
could
not
believe
I
was
making
jokes__14__crying，but__15__
is
always
good
medicine.It
was
with
that
joke
that
I
knew，given
time，everything
would
be
okay.
【语篇解读】 作者通过讲述飓风Ike来临前人们的准备和飓风过后的情况，告诉我们面对灾难时要保持积极乐观的心态。
1．A.reserve
B．explore
C．appreciate
D．improve
C [从上文的“Over
the
years，thanks
to
my
life's
obstacles”可知，是飓风Ike让我充分感激我们的力量之美和人类想恢复的动力。故选C。]
2．A.recover
B．apologize
C．condemn
D．change
A [飓风过后，人们会尽力让一切恢复正常。故选A。]
3．A.must
B．might
C．would
D．should
C [由语境知，此处指我们没有意识到Ike将会导致几个月甚至可能数年的劳动。故选C。]
4．A.closely
B．constantly
C．warningly
D．differently
A [由语境知，此处指对飓风Ike更密切地观察。故选A。]
5．A.basic
B．pure
C．neat
D．high
D [根据“making
the
typical
mad
rush
for
last?minute
hurricane”中的关键词“mad
rush
for”可知人们的购买程度。所以两天后，油和冰的需求量都很高。故选D。]
6．A.put
away
B．get
through
C．test
out
D．suffer
from
B [根据空后的“the
storm
in
their
homes”可知，一些邻居计划在家里熬过风暴。故选B。]
7．A.since
B．when
C．while
D．until
C [根据上文中的some
neighbors和下文中的others可知，此处是两种人的不同做法。这里表示对比，故选C。]
8．A.relevant
B．abundant
C．peaceful
D．dangerous
D [根据下文中的“Mom
and
I
packed
some
of
our
most________belongings
in
the
car
and
headed
for
the
East
Texas
town
of
Lufkin.”可知，Houston?Galveston地区将处于最危险的风暴地带。故选D。]
9．A.precious
B．corrupt
C．available
D．potential
A [根据常识可知，危难关头肯定只带贵重物品，所以妈妈和“我”收拾了一些最重要的物品。故选A。]
10．A.garden
B．pool
C．house
D．yard
C [星期天，我们隔壁的邻居通过电话告诉我们，我们的房子还好好的。故选C。]
11．A.clearer
B．higher
C．lower
D．wilder
B [我们不能有更高的期望了。故选B。]
12．A.passed
B．stood
C．followed
D．gone
D [几个小时后，邻居告诉我们说我们的烟囱没有了。故选D。]
13．A.by
B．before
C．after
D．until
D [我们直到9月17号才被允许回家。故选D。]
14．A.in
spite
of
B．instead
of
C．apart
from
D．ahead
of
B [“我”的邻居无法相信“我”在开玩笑而不是在哭。故选B。]
15．A.laughter
B．will
C．strength
D．faith
A [从上文的内容可知，面对灾难作者没有哭泣而是笑对人生。故选A。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Beijing
was
once
a
city
of
bikes，known
as
the
Bicycle
Kingdom，1.________cars
were
reserved
for
official
business
and
the
politically
powerful.However，decades
of
economic
2.________(grow)led
to
a
huge
flowing
of
cars
in
the
city.Owning
one
became
not
just
a
marker
of
reaching
the
middle
class
but
also
a
requirement
for
marriage.As
the
economy
developed，autos
pushed
bikes
off
the
roads，3.________(create)heavy
pollution
and
miserable
traffic.
4．________(fortunate)，now
Beijing
may
be
returning
to
its
roots.Thanks
to
about
20
technology
companies，brightly
colored
shared
bikes
5.________(flood)into
Beijing
in
the
last
two
years.Many
local
residents
welcome
the
shared
bikes
6.________the
flexibility
and
freedom
they
offer.They
pick
up
the
bikes
and
then
ride
and
drop
them
off
anywhere
they
like，locking
the
back
wheel，with
no
need
7.________(find)a
fixed
place.
Analyses
in
China
say
it
was
three
factors
that
contribute
to
bikes
8.________(increase)rapidly：a
lot
of
cash
looking
for
a
home，a
good
idea
and
government
support.“As
the
city's
population
grew，traffic
jams
got
9.______________(bad).”Cai，the
ofo
spokeswoman，said，“Shared
bikes
could
solve
the‘last
mile’problem
in
10.________environmentally
friendly
way.”
【语篇解读】
本文介绍了北京使用共享自行车的原因以及共享自行车给北京带来的好处等。
1．where [考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词为Beijing，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
]
2．growth [考查词性转换。被形容词economic修饰，且在此处作主语，因此要用其名词形式，故填growth。]
3．creating [考查非谓语动词。汽车代替了自行车，导致了严重的污染与糟糕的交通。故用现在分词短语作结果状语。]
4．Fortunately [考查词性转换。此处是副词位于句首修饰整个句子。
]
5．have
flooded/have
been
flooding [考查动词的时态。根据句中的“in
the
last
two
years”可知，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。]
6．for [考查介词的用法。句意：……因为它们提供的灵活和自由。介词for在此的意思为“因为”。]
7．to
find [考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作后置定语，修饰名词need。]
8．increasing [考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词contribute，故此处应用非谓语动词形式，又由bike与increase之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用increasing。
]
9．worse [考查形容词的比较等级。句意：随着城市人口的增长，交通拥堵变得更糟。故用比较级。]
10．an [考查冠词的用法。句意：共享单车能够以一种环保的方式解决“最后一英里”问题。表示数量“一”，environmentally以元音音素开头，故填an。]
11．Nature，to
be
commanded，must
be
obeyed.
—Francis
Bacon
欲驾驭自然必先顺之。
2．We
won't
have
a
society
if
we
destroy
the
environment.
—Margaret
Mead
如果我们毁坏了环境，社会也就不复存在。
3．Never
does
nature
say
one
thing
and
wisdom
another.
—Juvenal
自然与智慧永不相悖。
4．Little
drops
of
water，little
grains
of
sand，make
the
mighty
ocean
and
the
pleasant
land.
—Julia
Carney
滴滴小水珠，颗颗小沙粒，会形成浩瀚的海洋与宜人的土地。
5．Nature
never
deceives
us;
it
is
always
us
who
deceive
ourselves.
—Rousseau
大自然永远不会欺骗我们，欺骗我们的往往是我们自己。
Some
call
me
nature.
Others
call
me
“Mother
Nature”．
I've
been
here
for
over
4.5
billion
years.
22，500
times
longer
than
you.
I
don't
really
need
people.But
people
need
me.
Yes，your
future
depends
on
me.
How
you
choose
to
live
each
day，whether
you
regard
or
disregard
me，doesn't
really
matter
to
me.
One
way
or
the
other.Your
actions
will
determine
your
fate.Not
mine.
I
am
nature.I
will
go
on.I
am
prepared
to
evolve.
Are
you?
What
kind
of
house
will
you
buy
in
the
future?
Would
you
like
to
live
in
a
house
where
your
plants
can
call
your
phone
to
tell
you
that
they
need
to
be
watered?
Or
a
house
that
helps
you
cut
your
energy
bill
by
turning
off
the
lights
when
you
leave
a
room?
The
Smart
Home
is
made
entirely
of
recyclable
and
renewable
materials.The
furniture
is
made
from
used
light
bulbs，plastic
bottles
and
other
renewable
materials，but
you
can't
tell
from
just
looking
at
them.The
kitchen
countertops(工作台面)are
made
of
recycled
glass.
The
entire
house
is
designed
to
control
the
use
of
energy.The
roof
of
the
Smart
Home
has
a
sustainable
vegetable
garden，which
does
little
harm
to
nature.Even
the
personal
computer
is
green:
it
uses
less
power
than
a
60?watt
light
bulb.The
house
can
raise
and
lower
the
window
shades
by
itself.
[探索发现]
1．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A
brief
introduction
of
the
Smart
Home.
2．What
is
the
Smart
Home
made
of?
It
is
made
completely
of
recyclable
and
renewable
materials.
3．What
do
you
think
of
the
Smart
Home?
Explain
your
reason.
I
think
it
is
fantastic
because
it
enables
people
to
live
a
green
lifestyle
by
making
use
of
advanced
technology.
1课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Each
of
the
rooms
has
a
superb(极好的)view
of
Missouri
Bay.
2．The
house
was
designed
by
architect(建筑师)Louis
Kahn.
3．The
minority
of
us
are
confronted
with
difficulty
in
the
frontier(前沿)of
the
major.
4．That's
good
wisdom(智慧)which
is
wisdom
in
the
end.
5．Most
farms
have
a
pond(池塘)from
which
cattle
can
drink.
6．He
prefers
a
cottage(乡村小屋)to
an
apartment
building.
7．At
the
end
of
the
17th
century
England
was
still
overwhelmingly
rural(乡村的).
8．Those
tight
trousers
of
yours
aren't
very
decent(可接受的)!
9．She
does
the
domestic(家庭的)affairs
every
day.
10．The
place
boasts
a
beautiful
botanical(植物的)garden
with
plants
from
all
over
the
world.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
People
living
in
the
UK
take
quite
a
few
holidays
abroad
and
in
the
country
each
year.Choices
made
about
where
to
go，how
to
get
there
and
what
to
do
can
either
benefit
or
harm
the
environment.
While
on
holiday
Many
of
the
things
you
can
do
to
be
greener
on
holiday
will
be
the
same
things
you
can
do
at
home—but
there
are
also
some
extra
things
too，like
avoiding
gifts
made
from
endangered
plants
and
animals.Here
are
some
suggestions：
·Making
the
most
of
locally
produced
food
and
drink，and
local
activities
and
attractions
will
support
people
in
the
area
you
are
visiting
and
reduce
the
need
for
further
environmental
influence
from
transport.
·Switching
off
any
air
conditioning，heating
and
lights
will
help
reduce
climate
change
effect.
·Save
water—some
countries
suffer
from
water
shortages
and
saving
water
can
help
avoid
damage
to
our
natural
habitats.
Endangered
species
Some
gifts
and
foods
available
in
some
countries
can
be
made
from
endangered
plants
or
animals.Check
before
you
buy，but
if
you
doubt，avoid
animal
and
plant
gifts.More
details
of
the
types
of
products
to
avoid
any
illegal
trade
hotspots
can
be
found
on
the
Souvenir
Alert
webpage.
Making
a
positive
contribution
to
the
place
you
are
visiting
There
are
ways
in
which
your
holiday
can
help
support
local
people
and
the
environment.
·There
are
many
opportunities
to
volunteer
and
help
with
projects
that
conserve
and
improve
natural
habitats.
·When
you
are
away，or
if
you
are
looking
for
somewhere
to
visit，you
can
support
projects
or
attractions
which
protect
wildlife，such
as
nature
reserves
and
conservation
projects.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了旅游时如何做到保护环境、保护野生动植物，文章就此给出了一些建议。
1．According
to
the
passage，we
can________to
help
reduce
climate
change
effect.
A．make
good
use
of
water
B．buy
local
food
and
drink
C.save
electricity
D．go
around
on
foot
C [细节理解题。根据While
on
holiday中的“Switching
off
any
air
conditioning，heating
and
lights
will
help
reduce
climate
change
effect.”可知，减少气候变化影响可以从节约用电着手。]
2．We
should
check
the
gifts
and
foods
before
buying
because________．
A．sometimes
they
are
of
poor
quality
B．they
may
not
be
typical
local
products
C．some
of
them
will
do
harm
to
our
health
D．they
may
be
made
from
endangered
animals
or
plants
D [细节理解题。根据Endangered
species部分的第一、二句可知，答案为D。]
3．We
can
infer
from
the
passage
that________．
A．it
is
not
easy
for
people
to
travel
abroad
B．not
everyone
can
tell
an
illegal
souvenir
C．green
holidays
have
been
accepted
by
people
D．volunteer
work
is
a
must
for
protecting
natural
habitats
B [推理判断题。根据常识并结合Endangered
species部分中的第二句“...but
if
you
doubt，avoid
animal
and
plant
gifts.”可知，并不是每个人都能辨别非法纪念品。]
4．The
passage
is
mainly
about________．
A．travel
enjoyment
B．the
harm
to
the
environment
C．protection
of
endangered
animals
D．greener
choices
for
holiday
D [主旨大意题。本文主要叙述旅游时如何做到保护环境、保护野生动植物。故答案为D。]
B
We
produce
500
billion
of
plastic
bags
in
a
year
worldwide
and
they
are
thrown
away
polluting
oceans，killing
wildlife
and
getting
dumped
in
landfills
where
they
take
up
to
1，000
years
to
decompose.Researchers
have
been
unsuccessfully
looking
for
a
solution.
The
16?year?old
Canadian
high
school
student，Daniel
Burd，from
Waterloo
Collegiate
Institute，has
discovered
a
way
to
make
plastic
bags
degrade(降解)in
as
few
as
three
months，a
finding
that
won
him
first
prize
at
the
Canada
Wide
Science
Fair，a
$10，000
prize，a
$20，000
scholarship，and
a
chance
to
revolutionize
a
major
environmental
issue.
Burd's
strategy
was
simple：Since
plastic
does
eventually
degrade，it
must
be
eaten
by
microorganisms(微生物).If
those
microorganisms
could
be
identified，we
could
put
them
to
work
eating
the
plastic
much
faster
than
under
normal
conditions.
With
this
goal
in
mind，he
grounded
plastic
bags
into
a
powder
and
concocted(调制)a
solution
of
household
chemicals，yeast(酵母)and
tap
water
to
encourage
microbes
growth.Then
he
added
the
plastic
powder
and
let
the
microbes
work
their
magic
for
three
months.Finally，he
tested
the
resulting
bacterial
culture
on
plastic
bags，exposing
one
plastic
sample
to
dead
bacteria
as
a
control.Sure
enough，the
plastic
exposed(暴露)to
the
live
bacteria
was
17%
lighter
than
the
control
after
six
weeks.
The
inputs
are
cheap：maintaining
the
required
temperature
takes
little
energy
because
microbes
produce
heat
as
they
work，and
the
only
outputs
are
water
and
tiny
levels
of
carbon
dioxide.
“Almost
every
week
I
have
to
do
chores
and
when
I
open
the
closet
door，I
have
piles
of
plastic
bags
falling
on
top
of
me.One
day，I
got
tired
of
it
and
I
wanted
to
know
what
other
people
are
doing
with
these
plastic
bags.The
answer：not
much.So
I
decided
to
do
something
myself，”said
Daniel
Burd.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了一个加拿大的高中生如何得到启发发现了一种能够快速降解塑料的方法，并讲述了其实验过程。
5．Daniel
Burd
won
first
prize
at
the
Canada
Wide
Science
Fair
because________．
A．he
found
a
way
to
degrade
plastic
bags
in
a
shorter
time
B．he
contributed
much
to
environmental
protection
C．he
found
a
new
kind
of
microorganism
D．he
could
encourage
microbes
to
grow
in
an
easier
way
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...has
discovered
a
way
to
make
plastic
bags
degrade(降解)in
as
few
as
three
months，a
finding
that
won
him
first
prize
at
the
Canada
Wide
Science
Fair...”可知，Daniel
Burd
因发现了短时间内降解塑料袋的方法而获奖。故选A。]
6．Daniel
Burd
exposed
one
plastic
sample
to
dead
bacteria
to________．
A．make
the
live
bacteria
work
better
B．know
which
bacteria
worked
faster
C．test
how
effective
his
method
was
D．control
the
temperature
in
the
process
C [推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Finally，he
tested
the
resulting
bacterial
culture
on
plastic
bags，exposing
one
plastic
sample
to
dead
bacteria
as
a
control.”可知，他这样做的目的在于测试他的方法是否有效。故选C。]
7．Maintaining
the
required
temperature
takes
little
energy
because________．
A．plastics
can
get
hot
easily
B．microbes
can
produce
heat
themselves
C．much
carbon
dioxide
is
produced
D．the
temperature
can
be
controlled
B [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...maintaining
the
required
temperature
takes
little
energy
because
microbes
produce
heat
as
they
work...”可知，这是因为细菌在工作的时候会产生热量。故选B。]
8．Daniel
Burd
got
his
idea
from________．
A．his
school
textbook
B．the
failure
of
researchers
C．his
everyday
work
D．the
practice
of
other
people
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段Daniel
Burd说的话“Almost
every
week
I
have
to
do
chores
and
when
I
open
the
closet
door...So
I
decided
to
do
something
myself.”可知，他是在日常家务劳动中得到的启发。故选C。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
When
you're
feeling
anxious
or
stressed，the
tips
listed
below
can
help
you
deal
with
it.
◆Eating
and
Sleeping
Well
Living
a
healthy
lifestyle
is
important.From
sleep
to
nutrition，the
healthier
your
body
is，the
better
it
works，and
the
better
it
works，the
less
anxiety
you'll
experience.These
aren't
anxiety
cures.__1__Simply
sleeping
more
isn't
going
to
magically
take
it
away.However，they'll
greatly
reduce
the
symptoms，which
should
help
you
deal
with
anxiety
much
more
easily.
◆Yoga
Yoga
is
a
type
of
exercise
that
has
great
benefits
to
reducing
anxiety.__2__Those
with
anxiety
need
an
opportunity
to
slow
their
lives
down
so
that
it
feels
more
manageable.
◆Relaxation
Strategies
Many
relaxation
strategies
can
help
you
deal
with
anxiety.Flying
your
imagination
is
a
great
one.__3__Creating
memories
is
another
great
one.You
can
go
to
the
museum
or
try
a
new
cuisine.These
strategies
give
your
mind
an
opportunity
to
be
calmer
so
that
you
can
cope
with
stress
naturally.
◆__4__
Your
thoughts
tend
to
be
your
enemy
when
you
suffer
from
anxiety.So
stop
focusing
on
those
thoughts
and
give
yourself
a
break
to
simply
calm
down.Talking
on
the
phone
with
someone
you
like
about
positive
things
can
be
more
powerful
than
you
realise.
◆Journaling
Writing
thoughts
down
in
a
journal
may
seem
like
something
you
only
did
as
a
child.__5__
It
not
only
gives
you
a
chance
to
let
out
your
thoughts，but
tells
your
brain
that
it
doesn't
have
to
focus
on
remembering
them
as
much
as
it
did
previously.
A．Distracting
Yourself
B．Actively
face
your
fears
C．The
key
is
to
reduce
their
severity.
D．However
it's
a
powerful
healing
tool.
E．It
is
a
slower
form
of
exercise
that
is
not
challenging.
F．Simply
imagine
yourself
and
your
five
senses
in
a
more
relaxing
place.
G．Anxiety
is
more
of
a
mental
health
disorder
developed
through
years
of
experiences.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了五个应对和缓解焦虑的建议。
1．G [设空处前句“These
aren't
anxiety
cures.”告诉我们吃好睡好并不是治愈焦虑的方法，因为焦虑更大程度上是一种精神方面的问题，而G项“Anxiety
is
more
of
a
mental
health
disorder
developed
through
years
of
experiences.”是对前句的解释，符合上下文语境。]
2．E [本段的建议是“练习瑜伽”，E项“It
is
a
slower
form
of
exercise
that
is
not
challenging.”正是对瑜伽的说明，与本段主题一致。]
3．F [设空处前句“Flying
your
imagination
is
a
great
one.”建议我们通过放飞想象力来有效缓解我们的焦虑。结合选项可知，F项符合上下文语境。]
4．A [本段第二句“So
stop
focusing
on
those
thoughts
and
give
yourself
a
break
to
simply
calm
down.”告诉我们不要把注意力集中在那些想法上，让自己休息并平静下来。也就是说让自己的注意力分散，不要考虑让人焦虑的事情。故A项符合上下文语境。]
5．D [空前句提到把你的想法写在日记里，看起来就像是你小时候才做的事情，而下文的“It
not
only
gives
you
a
chance
to
let
out
your
thoughts，but
tells
your
brain
that
it
doesn't
have
to
focus
on
remembering
them
as
much
as
it
did
previously.”则具体讲了写日记的好处。前后存在转折关系，故D项(然而它是一种强有力的治愈工具)与语境吻合。]
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