非限定动词作定语、状语和宾语补足语
一、非限定动词作定语
[观察例句]
1．The
question
to
be
discussed
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
2．He
has
no
pen
to
write
with.
3．He
is
always
the
first
to
arrive
at
school
and
the
last
to
leave
school.
4．The
ability
to
express
an
idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
5．Do
you
know
the
man
standing
under
the
tree?
6．He
is
very
old
and
walks
with
a
walking
stick.
7．We
must
keep
a
secret
of
the
things
being
discussed
here.
8．The
players
selected
from
the
whole
country
are
expected
to
bring
us
honor
in
this
summer
game.
[归纳用法]
1．不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。
2．不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
3．不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
4．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
5．主动的?ing
形式作定语，常表示被修饰词的用途或正在进行的动作；其被动形式“being＋过去分词”表示正在进行的被动动作。
6．及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动并已完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语通常只表示已完成的动作。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Laura
was
away
in
Paris
for
over
a
week.When
she
got
home，there
was
a
pile
of
mail
waiting(wait)for
her.
②His
first
book
to
be
published(publish)next
month
is
based
on
a
true
story.
③He
got
up
early
the
next
morning
and
found
a
lot
of
fallen(fall)leaves
on
the
ground.
④She
is
now
looking
for
a
room
to
live(live)in.
二、非限定动词作状语
[观察例句]
1．To
pass
the
college
entrance
examination，we
must
work
hard.
2．The
bus
stopped
in
order
to/so
as
to
pick
up
passengers.
3．Tom
took
a
taxi
to
the
airport，only
to
find
his
plane
high
up
in
the
sky.
4．More
highways
have
been
built
in
China，making
it
much
easier
for
people
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another.
5．One
evening
Harry
phoned
me，asking
me
to
come
to
his
flat
as
soon
as
possible.
6．Translated
into
English，the
sentence
was
found
to
have
an
entirely
different
word
order.
7．We
were
astonished
to
find
the
temple
still
in
its
original
condition.
8．Not
understanding
this
problem，he
asked
the
teacher
about
it.
9．Defeated
by
his
deskmate，he
felt
discouraged.
10．Given
another
hour，I
can
also
work
out
this
problem.
11．Warned
of
the
danger，he
still
went
skating
on
the
thin
ice.
[归纳用法]
1．不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in
order或so
as，但so
as
to不能用于句首。
2．不定式作结果状语，其前常有only，表示令人意外的结果；?ing形式作结果状语常表示自然而然的结果，其前可有thus。
3．作时间状语，?ing形式相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
4．作方式或伴随状语，?ing形式表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
5．作原因状语，不定式常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词(过去分词)＋to
do”结构中；?ing形式表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且常含有完成的意义。
6．作条件状语，过去分词短语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
7．作让步状语，过去分词短语相当于though，although，even
if等引导的让步状语从句。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①I
stopped
the
car
to
take(take)a
short
break
as
I
was
feeling
tired.
②George
returned
after
the
war，only
to
be
told(tell)that
his
wife
had
left
him.
③The
sun
began
to
rise
in
the
sky，bathing(bathe)the
mountain
in
golden
light.
④Seen(see)from
the
top
of
the
mountain，the
city
is
very
beautiful.
三、非限定动词作宾语补足语
[观察例句]
1．The
doctor
warned
him
not
to
eat
too
much
meat.
2．He
depends
on
you
to
help
him
with
his
English.
3．They
use
computers
to
keep
the
traffic
running
smoothly.
4．He
tried
to
get
his
work
recognized
in
the
medical
circles.
5．I
saw
him
leave
a
few
minutes
ago.
6．He
saw
the
suspect
entering
the
building.
7．Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa，Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
good
care
of
at
home.
[归纳用法]
1．有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋sb.＋to
do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
advise建议ask询问；要求cause导致expect期望force强迫invite邀请persuade说服require需要remind提醒want想要wish想要depend
on依靠
allow允许beg乞求encourage鼓励forbid禁止intend意欲order订购prefer喜爱teach教tell告诉warn警告wait
for等待call
on号召；要求
2.?ing
形式作宾语补足语时，表主动并且正在进行的动作。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动并且已完成的动作。
4．非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补
[名师点津]
(1)使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“使，让”的含义。
The
teacher
had/made/let
some
students
stay
in
the
classroom
after
school.
＝The
teacher
got
some
students
to
stay
in
the
classroom
after
school.
放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。
(2)have
sb.doing
sth.用于否定句中，常与can't，won't等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
I
won't
have
you
speaking
to
your
dad
like
that.
我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
(3)have/get/make＋宾语＋done让……被……/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)
I'll
have/get/make
my
bike
repaired
tomorrow.
我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。
He
had
his
wallet
stolen
on
his
way
home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①I
heard
an
English
song
being
sung(sing)by
a
little
girl
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
②Claire
had
her
luggage
checked(check)an
hour
before
her
plane
left.
③She
was
seen
to
enter(enter)the
manager's
office
ten
minutes
ago.
④Let
those
in
need
understand(understand)that
we
will
go
all
out
to
help
them.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If
you
hand
in
your
homework
late，attach
a
note
explaining(explain)the
reason
for
the
delay.
2．Shirley
Chisholm
is
known
as
the
first
black
woman
elected
to
the
United
States
Congress
and
the
first
black
woman
to
run(run)for
president
of
the
United
States.
3．To
save(save)energy，we
turn
off
the
lights
for
Earth
Hour
on
the
last
Saturday
in
March.
4．Mr
Wood's
anger
disappeared
then.He
said，“I'd
better
go
and
get
changed(change).”Minutes
later，he
returned，properly
dressed，only
to
find
that
the
party
was
nearly
over.
5．While
she
was
in
Kenya，she
would
hear
strange
noises
made(make)by
Mlaika
after
sunset.
6．He
hurried
to
the
train
station，only
to
find(find)the
train
had
left.
7．A
major
accident
in
southern
Sweden
happened
today.It's
reported
that
this
afternoon
a
ship
crashed
into
a
bridge.Unluckily，seven
cars
and
six
trucks
are
said
to
have
fallen(fall)into
the
water.
8．When
he
left，he
said
to
me，“I'm
sorry
to
have
troubled(trouble)you
so
much.”
9．The
airport
to
be
completed(complete)next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
10．At
the
party，the
pretty
girl
wore
a
very
attractive
skirt
to
make
herself
noticed(notice).
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．With
a
lot
of
work
to
do，he
didn't
go
to
the
cinema.
他有很多工作要做，所以没去看电影。
2．I
visited
him
only
to
find
him
out．
我去拜访他，结果他出去了。
3．They
were
very
sad
to
hear
the
news．
他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。
4．Playing
all
day，you
will
waste
your
valuable
time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
5．All
the
tickets
having
been
sold
out，they
went
away
disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
Research
has
become
both
simpler
and
more
complex.It's
simpler
because，if
you
have
a
computer，you
can
find
information
you
need
by
1.searching(search)the
Internet.For
all
your
information，you
don't
have
to
go
to
the
library
2.to
find(find)the
relevant
resource
and
3.take(take)notes
on
it.Instead，you
can
find
some
sources
from
the
Internet
and
print
the
copies
4.needed(need).Remember，however，that
you
should
usually
consult
different
types
of
sources.That
is，you
shouldn't
always
rely
just
on
the
Internet
for
your
research.
While
5.finding(find)information
is
easier
than
ever，at
the
same
time，6.researching(research)has
become
more
complex.There
is
a
lot
more
material
available，which
means
you
may
be
7.overwhelmed(overwhelm)with
the
amount
of
information.You
need
to
learn
how
8.to
sort(sort)through
and
9.find(find)the
relevant
information
for
your
particular
project.Also，you
need
10.to
check(check).
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.wheat
A．n.名誉，名望
( )2.chorus
B．n.合唱曲
( )3.reputation
C．n.小麦
( )4.elegance
D．n.钻石
( )5.passionate
E．adj.具有强烈信念的
( )6.diamond
F．n.优美；简洁
[答案] 1－6 CBAFED
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．gentle
adj.
轻柔的；温和的
2．sweep
v.
吹过，掠过
3．ban
v.
禁止，取缔
4．dozen
number
一打；许多
5．thorough
adj.
仔细的；缜密的
6．precise
adj.
精确的；一丝不苟的
7．launch
n.
推出，发起
Ⅰ.语境填空
sweeps，chorus，wheat，diamond，dozen，banned，elegance，launch，precise，reputation
1．Tom
sang
the
verses
and
everybody
joined
in
chorus．
2．He
raises
2，000
acres
of
wheat
and
hay.
3．My
mother
sweeps
the
kitchen
every
day.
4．He
bought
three
dozen
bottles
of
wine.
5．The
new
military
government
has
banned
strikes
and
demonstrations.
6．He
bought
her
a
diamond
ring
on
their
tenth
wedding
anniversary.
7．I
met
her
at
the
launch
of
her
new
book.
8．Everyone
admired
her
elegance
and
beauty.
9．This
store
has
an
excellent
reputation
for
fair
dealing.
10．A
scientist
must
be
precise
in
making
tests.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．He
is
said
to
be
the
most
passionate(passion)man.
2．That
answers
precisely(precise)to
our
needs.
3．Everyone
was
a
bit
puzzled(puzzle)by
her
sudden
departure.
4．At
a
nod
from
Lawton，he
gently(gentle)turned
the
handle.
5．They
had
not
studied
the
language
very
thoroughly(thorough).
6．The
ironwork
lends
a
touch
of
elegance(elegant)to
the
house.
1．By
imagining
a
world
without
birds，she
aimed
to
alert
not
only
the
scientific
community
but
also
the
general
public
to
the
damaging
effects
of
human
activity
on
natural
ecosystems—
in
particular，to
the
harmful
use
of
pesticides
such
as
DDT.
通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她的目标不仅是使科学界，而且也使普通大众意识到人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是像DDT之类杀虫剂的有害使用。
2．Its
impact
was
immediate
and
far?reaching：the
use
of
DDT
was
banned
and
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(EPA)was
established
in
the
US.
它的巨大影响是立刻显现的和深远的：DDT的使用被禁止，环境保护署(EPA)在美国成立。
3．Though
Carson's
research
was
strong
and
was
supported
by
most
scientists
who
reviewed
her
work，the
book
quickly
became
a
target
for
critics
in
the
pesticide
industry.
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到了大多数审核过她的著作的科学家的支持，但在农药行业这本书很快就成了批评者们批评的对象。
4．...and
today，more
than
50
years
after
it
was
published，the
voice
of
Silent
Spring
is
still
ringing
loud
and
clear.
……在出版50多年后的今天，《寂静的春天》这本书发出的呼声仍在人们耳边清楚明白地回响着。
5．She
made
a
crucial
but
potentially
difficult?to?understand
subject
interesting
and
accessible
to
millions
of
people.
她把一个至关重要但可能难以理解的课题变得有趣，并易于被很多人理解。
11．week
n．一星期，周→weekly
adj.
一周一次的，每周的
2．inspect
vt.检查，检验；视察→inspector
n．检查员，巡视员→inspection
n．检查，检验；视察
3．insist
v．坚称，坚决认为→insistence
n．坚持→insistent
adj.坚持的
4．shave
vt.&
vi.(用剃刀)刮(胡须等)；为(某人)剃毛发→shaving
n．刮胡子
5．bend
v．变弯曲→bendy
adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→bending
n．弯曲(度)
6．innocent
adj.天真无邪的→innocently
adv.无罪地；纯洁地；天真地
prospect
n．开阔的景观，景色；可能性，希望；成功的机会，前景；(竞赛中的)有望获胜者
①There
is
no
immediate
prospect
of
peace.可能性
②Long?term
prospects
for
the
economy
have
improved.前景
③She
is
one
of
China's
best
prospects
for
a
gold
medal.有望获胜者
④a
delightful
prospect
of
the
lake景色
Words
And
Phrases
inspector
n.检查员，巡视员
(教材P62)Priestley
wrote
many
successful
articles，essays，novels
and
plays，but
is
best
remembered
for
his
play
An
Inspector
Calls.
普里斯特利写了很多成功的文章、散文、小说和戏剧，但他被世人铭记是因为他的作品《检察官来访》。
[例1] The
school
inspectors
were
called
in.
督学应邀前来。
[例2] The
story
is
told
through
the
eyes
of
Inspector
Simon
Potter.
这个故事是从西蒙·波特巡官的视角讲述的。
[造句] 检查员在一本大红册子上记下了日期。
The
inspector
recorded
the
date
in
a
large
red
book.
[知识拓展]
(1)inspect
vt.
检查；视察
inspect
sb./sth.for
sth.
因某物而检查某人/某物
(2)inspection
n.
检查；视察
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Education
officials
have
been
using
another
two
vehicles
to
inspect
schools
for
structural
damage.
②After
an
inspection(inspect)，the
inspectors
must
publish
a
report.
③She
inspected(inspect)the
rooms
and
found
them
perfectly
tolerable.
[小片段填空]
It
is
said
that
an
①inspector
will
come
②to
inspect
our
school，and
he
will
judge
our
school
according
to
his
③inspection.
insist
v.坚称，坚决认为
(教材P62)Even
at
the
risk
of
appearing
to
this
fair
and
witty
reviewer
as
another
Mr
Woodhouse，I
must
insist
that
last
night's
fall
of
snow
here
was
an
event.即使冒着被这位公正而诙谐的评论家视为另一位伍德豪斯先生的风险，我也必须坚持说昨晚这里的降雪是一件大事。
[例1] I
insisted
that
they
should
wait
for
our
return.
我坚决要求他们等我们回来。
[例2] She
insisted
on
her
mother's
living
with
her.
她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。
[造句] 他坚持说他不困。
He
insisted
that
he
wasn't
sleepy.
[知识拓展]
(1)insist
on/upon
(doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事
(2)在“insist＋that...”结构中，当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
teacher
insisted
on
all
the
homework
being
handed(hand)in
on
Monday.
②He
insisted
on/upon
walking
me
to
the
station
to
see
me
off.
③He
insisted
that
the
problem
(should)be
discussed
(discuss)at
the
meeting.
[小片段填空]
Jenny
insisted
that
the
operation
①was(be)a
failure
and
that
the
doctor
who
operated
on
her
husband
②should
take(take)full
responsibility
for
this
medical
accident.
bend
v.变弯曲
(教材P63)But
the
snow
is
falling
heavily，in
great
soft
flakes，so
that
you
can
hardly
see
across
the
shallow
valley，and
the
roofs
are
thick
and
the
trees
all
bending...
但是雪下得很大，大片柔软的雪花飘着，所以你很难看到整个浅谷，屋顶上厚厚的积雪，树都被压弯了……
[例1] He
bent
his
mind
to
his
business.
他专心于他的业务。
[例2] Rheumatism
prevents
him
from
bending
his
back.
风湿病使他不能弯腰。
[造句] 她顺从了她丈夫的意愿。
She
bends
to
her
husband's
will.
[知识拓展]
(1)bend
down/over
弯下腰来；弯腰
bend
backwards/forwards
向后弯曲/向前弯曲
bend
to
屈服于，(使)让步
bend
oneself
to
专心于，致力于
(2)bendy
adj.
易弯曲的，柔韧的
(3)bending
n.
弯曲(度)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most
people
bend
to
fate，but
I
do
not.
②Eric
bent
himself
to
persuading(persuade)them
to
donate
some
blankets.
③As
Jim
bent
down/over
to
pick
up
the
pen，he
felt
a
sharp
pain
in
his
back.
[小片段填空]
The
machine
can
①bend
large
pipes
and
its
②bending
process
can
be
controlled
with
computer
automatically.
innocent
adj.天真无邪的；清白的，无罪的，无辜的；没有恶意的
(教材P64)By
recalling
his
memories
as
a
child
during
the
first
snow，the
author
expresses
his
longing
for
the
innocent
happiness
of
childhood.
作者通过回忆初雪时的童年，表达了对童年天真快乐的向往。
[例1] The
trial
proved
he
was
innocent.
审讯下来证明他无罪。
[例2] I'm
not
quite
so
innocent
as
to
believe
that.
我还不至于天真到相信那种事的地步。
[造句] 她问这个问题时尽量让人觉得她毫无恶意。
She
tried
to
sound
all
innocent
as
she
asked
the
question.
[知识拓展]
an
innocent
child
天真无邪的孩子
be
innocent
无罪；天真，单纯
be
innocent
of
对……无知；没有犯……罪
play
innocent
假装无恶意；装好心
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
court
found
her
innocent
of
the
crime.
②Stop
playing(play)innocent
and
answer
my
questions，please.
③The
circumstance
is(be)altogether
innocent，but
suspicions
have
been
raised.
enhance
v．改进，增强
(教材P64)What
images
does
the
author
use
to
enhance
the
description
of
snow?
作者用什么比喻来加强对雪的描述？
[例1] The
black
headband
enhanced
the
whiteness
of
her
skin.
黑色的束发带使她的皮肤显得更加白皙。
[例2] Large
paintings
can
enhance
the
feeling
of
space
in
small
rooms.
大型油画可以增加小房间的宽敞感。
[造句] 月光使这景色更加美丽。
The
moonlight
enhanced
the
beauty
of
the
scene.
[知识拓展]
enhance
one's
consciousness
提高某人的觉悟
enhance
one's
reputation
提高某人的声誉
enhance
readiness
加强准备
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
said
that
the
attractiveness
of
the
book
was
enhanced(enhance)by
excellent
drawings.
②His
refusal
does
nothing
to
enhance
his
reputation．
他的回绝对提高他的声誉没有任何帮助。
③In
our
daily
life，we
always
see
the
publicize
logo
of“prevent
the
earth
becoming
warm，efficiently
use
the
resources”，and
all
this
greatly
enhance
our
consciousness
of
environmental
protection．
在我们的生活中，也经常碰到像“防止地球温暖化，有效利用资源”这样的宣传语，提高了我们的环保意识。
Sentence
Patterns
as
if引导方式状语从句
(教材原句P62)I
was
nearly
as
excited
about
it
this
morning
as
the
children，whom
I
found
all
looking
through
the
window
at
the
magic
outside
and
talking
away
as
excitedly
as
if
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round
again.今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我看到他们都透过窗户望着神奇的外面，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
句式分析：句中as
if相当于as
though，是从属连词，意为“似乎，仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。
[例1] He
behaved
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
他表现得若无其事。
[例2] The
teacher
treats
her
students
very
well，as
if
they
were
her
own
children.
这位老师对她的学生非常好，就好像他们是她自己的孩子。
[造句] 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
something.
[知识拓展]
as
if也可用在seem，smell，sound，taste等系动词后引导表语从句。
(1)当as
if/though从句表示的情况是事实或可能发生的真实情况时，从句用陈述语气。
(2)当as
if/though从句表示的情况与事实相反或不可能发生时，从句用虚拟语气。
①从句表示的情况与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
②从句表示的情况与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③从句表示的情况与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She
walked
here
and
there
on
the
playground
as
if/though
she
was
looking
for
something.
②It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
had
done(do)it?
③Hurry
up!
It
looks
as
if
the
train
is
going
to
leave．
快点！火车好像要开了。
④He
talks
about
Rome
as
if
he
had
been
there
before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(教材原句P62)You
go
to
bed
in
one
kind
of
world
and
wake
up
to
find
yourself
in
another
quite
different，and
if
this
is
not
magic，then
where
is
it
to
be
found?
你在一种世界里上床睡觉，醒来后却发现自己在另一种完全不同的世界里，如果这不是魔法，那么在哪里可以找到魔法呢？
句式分析：句中find
yourself
in
another
quite
different属于“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。yourself是find的宾语，in
another
quite
different作宾补。
[例1] She
again
found
herself
unable
to
blame
him.
她又一次发现自己难以开口责备他。
[例2] Carrie
found
herself
stared
at.
嘉莉发现有人在盯着她看。
[造句] 等他醒来，他发现自己来到一个完全陌生的房间。
When
he
awoke，he
found
himself
in
a
room
he
didn't
recognize.
[知识拓展]
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find
it＋形容词/名词＋to
do
(it是形式宾语，to
do是真正的宾语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①I
found
my
wallet
stolen(steal)on
the
bus.
②Some
students
find
it
not
easy
to
understand(understand)English
grammar.
③A
group
of
children
were
found
playing(play)on
the
playground.
④He
found
that
it
was
hard
to
finish
the
work
in
time.
→He
found
it
hard
to
finish
the
work
in
time.
by
the
time引导时间状语从句
(教材P63)Then
the
sun
came
out，and
by
the
time
I
had
sat
down
to
breakfast
it
was
shining
bravely
and
flushing
the
snow
with
delicate
pinks.
之后太阳出来了，到我坐下来吃早饭的时候，它绚丽夺目，用娇嫩的粉红色把雪染红了。
句式分析：句中by
the
time
相当于一个连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候”。
[例1] By
the
time
I
was
sixteen，my
dream
had
come
true.
当我十六岁时，我的梦想已经成真了。
[例2] By
the
time
we
had
made
landfall，the
boat
looked
ten
years
older!
等到我们登陆时，这艘船看似老了10年！
[造句] 到明年毕业时，我就在这里待了五年了。
By
the
time
I
graduate
next
year，I
will
have
lived
here
for
5
years.
[知识拓展]
(1)by
the
time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时，主句通常用将来完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)
(2)by
the
time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①By
the
time
he
was
fourteen
years
old，Einstein
had
learned(learn)advanced
mathematics
all
by
himself.
②By
the
time
you
get
back，I
shall/will
have
finished(finish)the
work.
③By
the
time
we
got
back
from
dinner，she
was
already
in
bed.
我们吃完饭回来时，她已经睡下了。
1．I
was
nearly
as
excited
about
it
this
morning
as
the
children，whom
I
found
all
looking
through
the
window
at
the
magic
outside
and
talking
away
as
excitedly
as
if
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round
again.
分析：句中whom
I
found
all
looking
through
the
window
at
the
magic
outside
and
talking
away
as
excitedly
为whom引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词children，as
if
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round
again
为as
if引导的方式状语从句。
译文：今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我看到他们都透过窗户望着神奇的外面，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。
2．It
is
the
first
fall
we
have
had
here
this
winter，and
last
year
I
was
out
of
the
country，sweating
in
a
hot
climate，during
the
snowy
season，so
that
it
really
does
seem
an
age
since
I
saw
the
ground
so
fantastically
carpeted.
分析：句中and连接两个表示顺承关系的并列分句，第一个分句中we
have
had
here
this
winter为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词fall，第二个分句中so
that
it
really
does
seem
an
age
为so
that引导的结果状语从句，since
I
saw
the
ground
so
fantastically
carpeted
为since引导的时间状语从句。
译文：这是今年冬天我们这里的第一场降雪，去年在雪季我离开了我的国家，在炎热的天气里，我一直在冒汗，这确实似乎是我很长一段时间没有看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯了。
教材
高考
1.Even
at
the
risk
of
appearing
to
this
fair
and
witty
reviewer
as
another
Mr
Woodhouse，I
must
insist
that
last
night's
fall
of
snow
here
was
an
event.
(2018·浙江11月卷)Others
insist
that
with
children
under
increasing
pressure
to
devote
their
downtime
to
internships
(实习)or
study，there's
still
room
for
an
institution
that
protects
the
lazy
days
of
childhood.
2.I
was
nearly
as
excited
about
it
this
morning
as
the
children，whom
I
found
all
looking
through
the
window
at
the
magic
outside
and
talking
away
as
excitedly
as
if
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round
again.
(2020·浙江1月卷)By
doing
this，we
can
form
a
closer
relationship
with
our
customers
as
if
they
were
our
neighbors
or
relatives.
3.Then
the
sun
came
out，and
by
the
time
I
had
sat
down
to
breakfast
it
was
shining
bravely
and
flushing
the
snow
with
delicate
pinks.
(2019·北京卷)By
the
time
she
was
13，her
company
was
worth
millions
of
dollars
with
the
invention
of
a
super?sweet
treat
that
could
save
kids'
teeth，instead
of
destroying
them.
4.But
the
snow
is
falling
heavily，in
great
soft
flakes，so
that
you
can
hardly
see
across
the
shallow
valley，and
the
roofs
are
thick
and
the
trees
all
bending...
(2020·浙江1月卷)He
bent
down
to
hug
his
old
friend
goodbye.
5....and
the
weathercock
of
the
village
church，still
to
be
seen
through
the
grey
loaded
air，has
become
some
creature
out
of
Hans
Andersen.
(2019·江苏卷)The
family
rented
a
former
church
in
downtown
Portland
and
scheduled
a
concert.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
looks
as
if
she
were(be)an
angel.
2．He
tried
to
run
away
but
gave
up
when
he
found
himself
surrounded(surround).
3．Inspectors(inspector)were
appointed
to
look
into
the
affairs
of
the
company.
4．While
operating
charge
increased，the
production
cost
enhanced(enhance)，too.
5．Young
children
often
learn
nursery
rhymes(rhyme).
6．By
the
time
they
get
there，we
will
have
finished(finish)the
work.
7．He
gave
up
his
plan
and
bent
to
all
of
the
demands.
8．The
two
halves
of
the
town
face
each
other，and
both
have
interesting
churches(church).
9．His
room
is
apart
from
the
rest
of
the
house.
10．A
sitting
room
can
be
transformed
into
a
guest
bedroom
simply
by
adding
a
sofa
bed.
Ⅱ.短语填空
insist
on，bend
to，be
innocent
of，at
the
risk
of，wake
up
1．I
was
suddenly
woken
up
by
the
alarm
clock
at
3
a.m.;
I
know
it
was
my
little
brother's
practical
joke
again.
2．I
asked
him
to
stay
for
a
while，but
he
insisted
on
leaving
at
once.
3．They
refused
to
bend
to
the
bad
man's
demands.
4．He
rescued
a
child
at
the
risk
of
his
own
life.
5．The
accused
person
stuck
out
that
he
was
innocent
of
the
crime.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Last
night's
fall
of
snow
was
an
event.I
was
nearly
as
1.excited(excite)about
it
this
morning
as
the
children.The
very
secrecy
and
2.quietness(quiet)made
it
more
magical.When
I
got
up
this
morning
the
world
was
a
cold
place
of
dead
white
3.and
pale
blues.Then
the
sun
was
shining
bravely
and
4.flushing(flush)the
snow
with
delicate
pinks.The
dining?room
window
had
been
transformed
5.into
a
lovely
Japanese
print.6.An
hour
or
two
later
the
world
had
completely
changed
again.The
little
Japanese
prints
had
all
disappeared.There
7.was(be)indeed
something
8.curiously(curious)disturbing
about
the
whole
prospect.Now
it
has
changed
again.The
glare
has
gone
and
no
touch
of
the
9.disturbing(disturb)remains.From
10.my(I)study，I
can
see
the
children
flattening
their
noses
against
the
window.
8速读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
children
talked
away
excitedly
because
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round
again.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
next
morning
the
writer
found
the
ground
so
fantastically
carpeted
by
snow.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
sun
in
the
morning
was
shining
bravely
and
made
the
dining?room
window
a
lovely
Japanese
print.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
writer
saw
a
body
of
horsemen
breaking
out
from
the
black
trees.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Hans
Andersen
wrote
a
rhyme
the
writer
used
to
repeat
when
he
was
a
child.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BAABB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．sweating
in
a
hot
climate
B．flushing
the
snow
with
delicate
pinks
C．appearing
to
this
fair
and
witty
reviewer
D．lining
its
branches
and
artfully
disposed
along
its
trunk
E．disturbing
about
the
whole
prospect
F．breaking
out
from
the
black
trees
1．Even
at
the
risk
of
_________as
another
Mr
Woodhouse，I
must
insist
that
last
night's
fall
of
snow
here
was
an
event.
2．It
is
the
first
fall
we
have
had
here
this
winter，and
last
year
I
was
out
of
the
country，_________，during
the
snowy
season，so
that
it
really
does
seem
an
age
since
I
saw
the
ground
so
fantastically
carpeted.
3．Then
the
sun
came
out，and
by
the
time
I
had
sat
down
to
breakfast
it
was
shining
bravely
and
____________．
4．The
little
plum
tree
outside，with
the
faintly
flushed
snow
______________，stood
in
full
sunlight.
5．There
was
indeed
something
curiously
____________.
6．At
any
moment，it
seemed，a
body
of
horsemen
might
be
seen
________________，so
many
weapons
might
be
heard
and
some
distant
spot
of
snow
be
reddened.
[答案] 1－6 CABDEF
Ⅲ.表格填空
First
Snow
When
I
got
up
this
morning.
◆The
world
became
a
cold
place
of
1．dead
white
and
pale
blues.◆The
2.light
that
came
through
the
windows
was
very
strange.
The
sun
came
out.
◆The
snow
became
3.delicate
pinks．◆The
4.dining?room
window
changed
into
a
lovely
Japanese
print.◆The
little
plum
tree
outside
stood
in
full
5.sunlight．
An
hour
or
two
hours
later.
◆Everything
was
a
cold
6.sparkle
of
white
and
blue.◆The
sky
was
7.thick
grey．◆All
the
trees
had
so
many
black
and
threatening
8.shapes．
Now.
◆The
snow
is
falling
9.heavily．◆The
roofs
are
thick
and
the
trees
all
10.bending．◆I
can
see
the
children
flattening
their
noses
against
the
window.
细读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.5
A．The
world
is
full
of
a
cold
sparkle
of
white
and
blue.B．The
snow
was
fascinating.C．The
first
snow
is
a
magical
event.D．The
snow
made
the
world
dead
white
and
pale
blues.E．In
the
world
no
touch
of
the
disturbing
remains.
[答案] 1－5 BCDAE
Ⅱ.阅读理解
1．Why
did
the
writer
think
it
is
a
different
age?
A．Because
Mr
Robert
Lynd
said
a
fall
of
snow
was
an
event.
B．Because
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round
again.
C．Because
he
didn't
see
a
fall
of
snow
for
a
long
time.
D．Because
he
never
saw
so
heavy
a
fall
of
snow
before.
2．How
did
the
writer
find
the
first
fall
of
snow
here?
A．Magical.
B．Quiet.
C．Strange.
D．Common.
3．What
happened
to
the
dining?room
window?
A．It
was
flushed
with
delicate
pinks.
B．It
became
a
lovely
Japanese
print.
C．It
was
covered
by
the
faintly
flushed
snow.
D．It
was
artfully
disposed
in
full
sunlight.
4．What
made
the
writer
hardly
see
the
whole
shallow
valley
clearly?
A．The
grey
sky.
B．The
falling
flakes.
C．The
bending
trees.
D．The
white
and
blue
light.
[答案] 1－4 CABB
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(五)——描写人物心理和情感
A．阅读教材课文中含有描写人物心理和情感的语句。
1．Even
at
the
risk
of
appearing
to
this
fair
and
witty
reviewer
as
another
Mr
Woodhouse，I
must
insist
that
last
night's
fall
of
snow
here
was
an
event.
2．I
was
nearly
as
excited
about
it
this
morning
as
the
children，whom
I
found
all
looking
through
the
window
at
the
magic
outside
and
talking
away
as
excitedly
as
if
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round
again.
3．The
fact
is，however，that
the
snow
was
as
strange
and
fascinating
to
me
as
it
was
to
them.
4．You
go
to
bed
in
one
kind
of
world
and
wake
up
to
find
yourself
in
another
quite
different，and
if
this
is
not
magic，then
where
is
it
to
be
found?
5．There
was
indeed
something
curiously
disturbing
about
the
whole
prospect.
B.判断下列句子是否为表示人物心理和情感的语句。
1．The
very
secrecy
and
quietness
of
the
thing
makes
it
more
magical.(不是)
2．The
dining?room
window
had
been
transformed
into
a
lovely
Japanese
print.(不是)
3．An
hour
or
two
later
everything
was
a
cold
sparkle
of
white
and
blue.(不是)
4．The
glare
has
gone
and
no
touch
of
the
disturbing
remains.(是)
1课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
WITH
ALL
THE
CONTROVERSY
swirling
around“fake
news”in
the
media，it's
a
good
time
to
remind
you，dear
readers，that
you
won't
find
any
of
that
in
Reader's
Digest.Here's
why:
We
are
committed
to
publishing
strong
and
accurate
stories.
Millions
of
people
around
the
world
turn
to
this
little
magazine
every
month
because
of
the
care
with
which
we
document
our
stories.We
guard
readers'
trust
by
holding
our
editorial
researchers，editors
and
writers
to
high
standards.For
example，we
require
our
writers
to
talk
to
people
with
first?hand
knowledge
of
their
subject.Then
we
give
their
stories
to
fact?checkers，who
confirm
that
sources
were
accurately
quoted.We
get
our
facts
straight.
What
about
the
articles
we
reprint
from
other
publications，you
ask？Thanks
to
our
global
presence，we
have
researchers
and
fact?checkers
around
the
world
who
check
these
stories
for
us.For
example，in
this
issue，Making
Yogurt，Healing
Minds
from
the
UK's
Observer
magazine，was
checked
by
our
European
Editorial
Office.I
Was
Blind
But
Now
I
See
from
Toronto
Life，was
thoroughly
checked
out
by
our
editorial
office
in
Montreal.Our
drama，41
Hours
Alone
in
the
Snow
from
the
Swiss
Sonntags
Zeitung
magazine，was
confirmed
by
our
Swiss
editor.
You
can
feel
secure
in
knowing
that
Reader's
Digest
is
in
the
real
news
business.Always
have
been.Always
will
be.
No
fake
news
here.
【语篇解读】 本文是《读者文摘》杂志对杂志文章真实性的确认说明。
1．How
does
Reader's
Digest
guarantee
the
genuineness
of
its
stories?
A.It
has
many
people
around
the
world
to
check
each
story's
source.
B．The
writer
of
each
story
experienced
the
story
himself/herself.
C．Its
stories
are
all
written
by
some
famous
people.
D．It
has
severe
punishment
for
those
who
write
fake
news.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段内容及第三段第二句“Thanks
to
our
global
presence，we
have
researchers
and
fact?checkers
around
the
world
who
check
these
stories
for
us.”可知《读者文摘》能保证故事的真实性主要是因为它在世界各地有很多事实核查者核对所出版的故事的真实性。故A项正确。]
2．According
to
the
passage，which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A．Reader's
Digest
is
only
sold
in
Swiss.
B．Reader's
Digest
enjoys
worldwide
popularity.
C．The
accuracy
of
the
stories
in
Reader's
Digest
is
guaranteed
by
their
writers.
D．All
the
stories
in
Reader's
Digest
are
first
published.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Millions
of
people
around
the
world
turn
to
this
little
magazine
every
month
because
of
the
care
with
which
we
document
our
stories.”可知每个月世界各地都有很多人阅读《读者文摘》这本杂志，说明它很受人们欢迎。故B项正确。]
3．From
this
passage，as
for
Reader's
Digest，we
can
know
that
the
writer
of
this
passage
is________．
A．considerate
B．doubtful
C．determined
D．negative
C [观点态度题。根据文章最后两段可知，作者认为《读者文摘》总是能够给我们提供最真实的新闻，绝对不会有虚假新闻。说明作者的态度是非常坚定的。故C项正确。]
4．Where
can
we
find
this
passage?
A．In
a
magazine.
B．In
a
novel.
C．In
a
fairy?tale
book.
D．In
a
science
book.
A [文章出处题。本文是《读者文摘》杂志对杂志文章真实性的确认说明，与“小说、神话传说、科技书籍”无关，最可能是从《读者文摘》杂志里摘录而来的。故A项正确。]
B
Science
fiction
writers
create
imaginary
worlds.The
way
things
work
in
your
imaginary
worlds
will
be
based
on
actual
science.So
it's
important
for
you
to
be
familiar
with
the
scientific
principles
and
inventions
that
are
associated
with
your
creation.For
example，if
you're
writing
about
humans
living
on
a
planet
with
zero
gravity，then
you
need
to
know
the
effects
of
zero
gravity
on
the
human
body.
Then
you
have
to
figure
out
the
exact
rules
of
your
imaginary
worlds.And
you
have
to
follow
them.If
humans
are
able
to
breathe
underwater
in
Chapter
1，your
character
can't
drown
in
a
swimming
pool
in
Chapter
3.The
issue
here
is
maintaining
your
readers'
trust.That
means
the
readers
are
willing
to
pretend
along
with
you.If
you
start
out
with
an
ordinary
detective
novel
and
then
throw
in
someone
breathing
underwater
in
the
6th
chapter，you
will
pull
the
readers
out
of
their
imagination.The
same
thing
happens
if
you
change
the
rules
halfway.
Part
of
your
preparation
work
for
the
novel
is
to
map
out
its
worlds
in
great
detail.You
should
decide
the
following
issues：the
history
of
the
world，the
geography，what
possibilities
it
offers，how
everything
works
in
this
new
reality，and
how
all
of
these
factors
affect
the
way
your
characters
think，feel，and
react
to
things.You
don't
have
to
tell
your
readers
all
the
rules
in
the
first
chapter.But
you
have
to
let
readers
know
enough
to
understand
what's
going
on.This
also
allows
you
to
work
out
logical
problems
and
contradictions
before
you
start
writing.
When
you
are
writing，remember
to
make
it
feel
real.You
are
inviting
readers
to
visit
a
new
world.They
will
want
to
be
able
to
see，hear，feel，smell，and
even
taste
what
it's
like.Whether
your
novel
is
about
a
world
without
disease
or
an
undiscovered
planet，help
your
readers
feel
like
they're
actually
there.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章就如何创作科幻小说给出了一些建议。
5．What's
the
relationship
between
actual
science
and
science
fiction?
A．Science
fiction
promotes
the
development
of
actual
science.
B．Science
fiction
often
reflects
the
development
of
actual
science.
C．Actual
science
limits
the
imagination
described
in
science
fiction.
D．Actual
science
provides
basic
principles
for
science
fiction.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The
way
things
work
in
your
imaginary
worlds
will
be
based
on
actual
science.”可知，科幻小说要基于实际科学。故选D。]
6．The
second
paragraph
is
mainly
developed
by________．
A．making
comparisons
B．giving
examples
C．following
the
time
order
D．analyzing
causes
B [写作手法题。根据第二段中的“If
humans
are
able
to
breathe
underwater
in
Chapter
1，your
character
can't
drown
in
a
swimming
pool
in
Chapter
3...”可知，这一段以举例的方式来说明figure
out
the
exact
rules
of
your
imaginary
worlds，即虚构的世界也要有一定的规则。故选B。]
7．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A．It
is
necessary
to
do
some
scientific
experiments
before
writing
science
fiction.
B．It
is
more
difficult
to
write
science
fiction
than
ordinary
detective
novels.
C．Readers
of
science
fiction
actually
pretend
the
writers'
rules
are
true.
D．It
is
great
to
leave
some
contradictions
in
your
science
fiction.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“That
means
the
readers
are
willing
to
pretend
along
with
you.”可知，科幻作者的写作思路要被科幻作品的读者认同才行。故选C。]
8．The
passage
is
mainly
about________．
A．how
to
do
scientific
research
B．how
to
raise
interest
in
science
C．what
to
expect
from
science
fiction
D．how
to
write
science
fiction
D [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章是关于如何写科幻小说的。故选D。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
During
my
school
days，whenever
I
was
asked
to
write
an
essay
(文章)about
brave
people
and
their
brave
deeds，I
always
focused
on
heroes
in
news
reports
risking
their
lives
to
save
others.But
from
that
day
on，I
could
write
how
my
Mom，in
her
determined
way，saved
our
elderly
neighbor.
The
event
that
stands
out
in
my
memory
happened
one
morning
when
I
was
only
10
years
old.I
was
doing
my
homework
when
I
heard
raised
voices.At
first
I
thought
nothing
of
it
since
customers
in
the
motorcycle
shop
directly
below
our
flat
often
became
loud，but
I
soon
realized
this
time
it
was
different.
“Quick!
Quick!
Remove
the
motorcycles
from
the
shop.”someone
yelled.Then
a
thick
burning
smell
filled
the
air.When
I
opened
the
front
door
of
our
flat
to
have
a
look
outside，a
thick
cloud
of
smoke，billowing
(汹涌)up
from
the
ground
floor，greeted
me.It
hit
me
that
the
motorcycle
shop
had
caught
fire.
My
mom，who
had
been
working
in
the
kitchen，hurried
to
the
living
room.We
rushed
out
of
the
door
and
along
the
corridor(走廊)through
the
smoke.We
were
heading
towards
the
stairway
at
the
far
end
of
the
corridor
when
Mom
stopped
and
thought
for
a
while.She
turned
around
and
headed
back
the
way
we
came.Puzzled
but
having
no
idea
what
she
was
doing，I
followed
her.
It
became
clear
soon
that
Mom
had
remembered
the
Korean
lady
in
her
70s
living
next
door
to
us，whom
we
called
Jane.Mom
began
banging
on
the
door，but
got
no
answer.As
the
smoke
thickened
around
us，I
could
see
many
of
our
neighbors—some
still
in
their
pyjamas(睡衣)—running
for
safety.The
thought
of
fear
crossed
my
mind.
“She
must
have
already
run
for
safety
like
everyone
else!
Let's
rush
downstairs！”I
begged.But
Mom
refused
to
give
up.“I
know
Jane's
still
inside.”She
said
she
was
familiar
with
Jane's
daily
routine
and
was
certain
she
would
still
be
sleeping.
Paragraph
1：
I
noticed
the
flame
was
reaching
up.____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2：
Luckily，some
neighbors
passing
by
stopped
and
offered
help._________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Paragraph
1：
I
noticed
the
flame
was
reaching
up.Frozen
with
fear，I
stood
rooted
to
the
spot.I
comprehended
the
gravity
of
the
situation(形势的严重性)and
held
Mom's
hand
tightly.By
then，both
of
us
were
coughing
and
our
eyes
were
stinging.Time
seemed
to
stand
still，though
we
were
probably
there
for
only
two
or
three
minutes.I
begged
Mom
to
run
for
safety
as
quickly
as
possible.Mom
tried
to
shield(挡住；遮住)her
nose
from
the
choking
smoke
and
shook
her
head.She
kept
pounding
against
the
door.I
burst
out
crying.
Paragraph
2：
Luckily，some
neighbors
passing
by
stopped
and
offered
help.A
sense
of
strength
immediately
replaced
the
mounting
fear
and
anxiety
in
our
minds.Learning
that
Ms
Jane
must
be
still
in
the
room，they
immediately
forced
the
door
open.Sure
enough，Ms
Jane
was
lying
in
bed，unconscious.She
was
carried
downstairs
and
then
rushed
to
hospital，where
she
finally
came
to
herself.Everybody
felt
relieved
and
our
joy
was
immense.Mom
was
praised
for
her
brave
and
selfless
act，because
of
which
she
has
been
my
hero
ever
since.
1课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
swimmer
was
swept(sweep)away
by
the
current
last
week.
2．They
are
banned
from
playing
on
their
home
ground
because
of
crowd
trouble.
3．Dozens(dozen)of
flats
had
been
completely
destroyed.
4．That
is
all
the
more
reason
to
be
precise
about
them.
5．A
rocket
was
launched(launch)from
Cape
Canaveral
early
this
morning.
6．She
then
bent(bend)over
the
sink，washing
the
dishes.
7．Some
were
used
for
medical
treatment.Some
were
used
for
enhancing(enhance)health.
8．People
have
been
passionate
about
roses
since
the
beginning
of
time.
9．Add
the
onion
and
cook
gently(gentle)for
about
5
minutes.
10．The
choruses(chorus)are
amazingly
tight，and
you'll
be
singing
them
by
the
end
of
each
song.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Eddie
Rickenbacker
was
a
famous
hero
back
in
World
War
Ⅱ.On
one
of
his__1__missions
across
the
Pacific，he
and
his
seven?member
crew
went
down.Luckily，all
of
the
men
survived.They
came
out
of
the
plane
and
climbed
into
a
small__2__．Eddie
and
his
crew__3__for
days
on
the
waters
of
the
Pacific.They
fought
the
sun.They
fought
sharks.Most
of
all，they
fought__4__．On
the
eighth
day，there
was
no
food
or
water
left.They
were
hundreds
of
miles
from
land
and
at
that
time，sadly，no
one
knew__5__they
were.
That
afternoon
they
prayed
for
a
miracle.Without
a
miracle，they
would
all__6__there.Then
they
tried
to
have
a
short__7__．Eddie
leaned
back
and
pulled
his
cap
over
his
eyes.Time
stopped.All
he
could__8__was
the
slap
of
the
waves
against
the
lifeboat.Suddenly，Eddie
felt
something
land
on
the
top
of
his
cap.It
was
a
seagull！Eddie
then
sat
perfectly
still，__9__his
next
move.Quickly，he
managed
to
grab
it
and__10__its
neck.He
tore
the
feathers
off，and
he
and
his
crew
made
a
meal—a
very__11__meal
for
eight
men.Then
they
used
some
meat
as
bait.With
it，they
caught
fish，which
gave
them
food
and
more
bait，and
the
cycle__12__．
After
24
days
at
sea，they
were
finally
found
and
saved.Eddie
Rickenbacker__13__forgot
the
sacrifice
of
that
life?saving
seagull.And
he
didn't__14__
saying“Thank
you”．That's
why
almost
every
Friday
night
he
would
throw
a
bucket
of
shrimp
into
the
sea
with
a(n)__15__full
of
gratitude.
【语篇解读】 埃迪·里肯巴克在一次飞行任务中遭遇了意外，全体飞行人员只能靠救生船在海上漂流，就在他们没有了食物和水的那天下午，一只海鸥的出现救了他们的性命。
1．A.escaping
B．training
C．flying
D．running
C [根据“They
came
out
of
the
plane”可知，他们当时在执行一次飞行(fly)任务。]
2．A.truck
B．ear
C．lifeboat
D．subway
C [根据下文的“the
slap
of
the
waves
against
the
lifeboat”可知，埃迪以及其他机组人员坠落后，爬进了救生船(lifeboat)里。]
3．A.expanded
B．commented
C．flowed
D．floated
D [根据上文“爬进了救生船里”和下文的“on
the
waters
of
the
Pacific”可知，他们在海上漂浮(float)。]
4．A.hunger
B．danger
C．fear
D．future
A [根据下文可知，他们第八天的时候就没有食物和水了，因此他们要对抗饥饿(hunger)。]
5．A.how
B．when
C．what
D．where
D [他们漂浮在离陆地几百英里的海上，没有人知道他们在哪儿(where)。]
6．A.settle
B．struggle
C．die
D．stay
C [他们当时没有了食物和水，因此如果没有奇迹出现，他们都会死(die)在那儿。]
7．A.talk
B．rest
C．discussion
D．argument
B [根据下一句“Eddie
leaned
back
and
pulled
his
cap
over
his
eyes.”可知，他们准备休息(rest)一下。]
8．A.hear
B．see
C．dream
D．imagine
A [埃迪当时用帽子遮住了眼睛，因此他只能听到(hear)海浪拍打救生船的声音。]
9．A.understanding
B．realizing
C．describing
D．planning
D [埃迪发现海鸥后，便一动不动地坐着，计划着(plan)下一步的行动。]
10．A.measured
B．broke
C．touched
D．kissed
B [根据后文他们吃了那只海鸥可知，埃迪弄断(break)了它的脖子。]
11．A.satisfying
B．small
C．common
D．tasty
B [八个人吃一只海鸥，因此对于他们来说这是很小(small)的一餐。]
12．A.went
up
B．turned
up
C．set
off
D．went
on
D [这里是指这个过程循环进行(go
on)下去。]
13．A.always
B．sometimes
C．never
D．hardly
C [根据后文的“That's
why
almost
every
Friday
night
he
would
throw
a
bucket
of
shrimp
into
the
sea”可知，埃迪从来没(never)忘记那只救他们性命的海鸥的牺牲。]
14．A.advise
B．keep
C．consider
D．stop
D [由后文的“every
Friday
night”可知，此处指的是埃迪没停止(stop)过说谢谢。]
15．A.heart
B．mind
C．hand
D．idea
A [这里是指怀着一颗感恩的心(heart)。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
People
prefer
to
turn
to
sad
music
to
make
themselves
feel
better
at
some
point
in
their
lives，1.________why
does
the
music
with
double
or
even
triple
sadness
help
drag
people
out
of
low
spirits?
A
new
study
throws
light
on
what's
going
on
inside
people's
brains
when
they
match
their
music
to
their
feelings，and
it
looks
as
if
sad
music
can
be
enjoyable，rather
than
2.________(simple)depressing.Music
of
this
sort
can
arouse
positive
memories
in
people's
life，thus
3.________(lift)their
mood.
Psychologist
Adrian
North
from
Curtin
University
in
Australia
says
there
4.________(be)two
groups
of
possible
explanations
for
why
people
enjoy
listening
to
sad
music
like
this—one
from
social
psychology，and
the
other
from
cognitive
neuroscience(神经学).
5．________terms
of
social
psychology，one
idea
about
this
is
that
people
will
feel
6.________(good)about
themselves
if
they
focus
on
someone
who's
doing
even
worse.Everything's
going
to
be
okay，because
this
person
is
having
7.________even
worse
day
than
they
are.
Another
idea
from
social
psychology
is
that
people
like
to
listen
to
the
very
music
8.________shows
their
present
life
circumstances，because
this
kind
of
music
makes
them
feel
they
are
understood.With
their
emotions
9.________(share)，they
definitely
get
a
certain
amount
of
comfort.
So，the
10.________(conclude)again—sad
music
does
cheer
people
up，and
it
works
far
better
than
happy
music，in
most
cases.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。为什么人们在悲伤时会选择听更加悲伤的音乐？文章对此现象做了说明。
1．but [考查连词。句意：有时候为了让自己感觉好一些人们更愿意听悲伤的音乐，但是为什么悲伤的音乐会帮助人们从低沉的情绪里走出来呢？根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系，要用表示转折关系的连词连接，所以要填but。]
2．simply [考查词性转换。本句中要用副词修饰形容词depressing，所以要填simply。]
3．lifting [考查非谓语动词。句意：这种音乐能够唤醒人们生活里的积极的记忆，提高他们的情绪。现在分词在句中充当结果状语，表示正常的结果，所以要填lifting。]
4．are [考查主谓一致。句意：来自澳大利亚柯廷大学的心理学家Adrian
North说人们喜欢听这种悲伤的音乐有两种解释。句中含有there
be句型，主语是名词的复数形式，因此be也要用复数形式，故填are。]
5．In [考查固定搭配。句意：就社会心理学而言，一个观点是如果人们关注某个表现更差的人，人们会对自己感觉更好一些。固定短语in
terms
of“就……而言”；所以要填In。]
6．better [考查形容词比较级。句意参考上题，所以要填better。]
7．an [考查冠词。句意：一切都会变好，因为那个人比他们经历了更糟糕的一天。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，定冠词the表示特指。本句中使用不定冠词an泛指更糟糕的一天。]
8．that [考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是music，而且定语从句中缺少主语，先行词前面有the
very修饰，所以要用that引导该定语从句并在句中作主语。]
9．shared [考查非谓语动词。句意：因为他们与别人分享了悲伤的情绪，无疑他们会得到一定程度的安慰。句中with的宾语their
emotions与动词share构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。所以要填shared。]
10．conclusion [考查词性转换。句意：所以结论是：悲伤的音乐能够鼓励人们，在大部分情况下，它比快乐的音乐更有效。定冠词the的后面要接名词conclusion作主语，句中的破折号相当于系动词is，后面接表语从句。所以要填conclusion。]
1课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
inspector(巡视员)took
out
a
handkerchief
and
mopped
his
brow.
2．Average
weekly(每周的)earnings
rose
by
1.5%
in
July.
3．Since
I
wear
a
beard
I
won't
need
the
shaving(刮胡子)soap.
4．She
is
very
thorough(仔细的)and
seldom
makes
mistakes
in
her
work.
5．Her
career
in
the
church(教堂)is
vitally
important
to
her.
6．She
was
alarmed
at
the
prospect(情景)of
travelling
alone.
7．Those
clothes
do
nothing
to
enhance(增强)her
appearance.
8．Flock
of
birds
was
singing
a
cheerful
morning
chorus(合唱曲).
9．All
those
wounded
were
innocent(无辜的)victims.
10．The
furniture
managed
to
combine
practicality
with
elegance(优美).
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Having
a
great
collection
of
books
at
home
doesn't
really
mean
that
you
are
a
person
who
has
a
passion
for
literature
and
reading.It
can
be
a
family
inheritance(继承)or
it
can
be
just
to
impress
people
around
you
about
the
fact
that
you
are
literate(有文化的).On
the
other
hand，there
are
many
persons
who
cannot
afford
to
buy
books，because
some
of
them
are
quite
expensive，but
they
usually
go
to
libraries
and
spend
hours
reading
something
that
interests
them
a
lot，or
just
borrow
books
to
read
at
home.
From
my
point
of
view，literature
is
very
important
in
our
lives
from
several
points
of
view.For
example，reading
is
a
means
of
gaining
culture
and
enriching
our
knowledge
in
different
areas
of
activities.It
can
help
us
have
a
great
imagination
and
it
makes
things
easier
when
it
comes
to
making
compositions
on
different
themes.It
gives
you
the
possibility
to
speak
about
science，even
if
you
don't
work
in
this
field，or
you
can
express
your
opinion
about
a
political
aspect，just
because
you
have
read
something
connected
to
that.
Secondly，literature
offers
us
the
possibility
to
enter
the
world
of
imagination，and
to
leave
apart
the
real
one
for
a
couple
of
hours.We
come
to
meet
kings
and
queens
many
years
ago，dream
in
the
world
of
the
rich
or
imagine
how
life
will
be
in
the
future.Sometimes，we
identify
ourselves
with
the
characters
in
the
stories
we
read
and
they
can
give
us
some
clues
to
solve
our
problems
and
how
to
react
in
certain
circumstances.
To
conclude，I
would
like
to
say
that
literature
is
the
perfect
means
to
enrich
our
culture，to
express
correctly
and
have
a
rich
vocabulary，to
be
able
to
interfere(干涉)in
conversations
in
different
fields
of
interest
and
to
really
be
considered
an
erudite
person.
【语篇解读】 本文讲了文学与阅读带给人的好处，作者希望人们能喜欢上阅读并从中受益。
1．The
people
who
are
fond
of
literature
are
those
who_______．
A．go
to
libraries
on
weekends
B．buy
expensive
books
in
the
bookstore
C．keep
many
books
in
their
studies
D．have
much
interest
in
reading
D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，喜爱文学的人对阅读感兴趣。故选D。]
2．We
can
learn
from
the
third
paragraph
that________．
A．we
can
bring
kings
and
queens
back
to
life
B．what
we
read
can
be
useful
in
our
daily
life
C．it
is
very
good
for
us
to
stay
alone
for
some
hours
D．we
can
make
friends
with
the
people
in
the
stories
B [推理判断题。第三段讲了文学带给我们在平时不会有的体验，即文学在日常生活中的用处，故选B。]
3．The
underlined
word“erudite”in
the
last
paragraph
probably
means“________”．
A．hard?working
B．enthusiastic
C．learned
D．creative
C [词义猜测题。由上文可知，多读书能够丰富知识储备，从而了解各个领域。由此可推知erudite意为“博学的”。故选C。]
4．What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
passage?
A．To
advise
readers
to
like
reading.
B．To
explain
the
true
meaning
of
reading.
C．To
tell
readers
how
to
read
a
book.
D.To
tell
readers
who
has
the
real
passion
for
literature.
A [写作意图题。文章讲了文学与阅读带给人的好处，是能使读者喜欢上阅读。故选A。]
B
There
are
many
simple，powerful
phrases
we
use.“I
love
you”is
a
big
one.“I'm
sorry”is
another.“I
forgive
you”is
powerful
for
both
the
speaker
and
the
recipient(接受者).But
the
phrase
that
can
change
the
way
we
relate
to
others
and
the
way
we
view
the
world
has
become
unpopular：“I
need
your
help”．
When
we
acknowledge
our
need
for
help，we
go
beyond
just
connecting
with
others；we
show
our
needs
and
allow
ourselves
to
receive.Why
is
this
so
hard?
It
isn't
just
our
own
skills
or
strengths
that
help
us
survive
and
bounce
back
from
difficult
times；it's
also
making
the
choice
to
reach
out
to
others.
It's
easy
for
most
of
us
to
give.It
feels
life
affirming
to
help
others，to
give
of
ourselves.But
asking
for
help
and
being
willing
to
receive
help
from
others
is
much
harder.When
we
take
that
risk—the
risk
that
the
answer
might
be
rejection，or
unwillingness
to
help—we
are
not
being
weak.We
are
being
vulnerable(易受伤害的)，which
is
perhaps
our
greatest
untapped
strength.
Life
is
never“stress?free”；we
all
have
those
times
that
seem
particularly
overwhelming，where
we
get
so
tired
that
the
word“tired”just
doesn't
do
it
justice
anymore.These
are
the
times
when
it
seems
hardest
to
reach
out，and
these
are
the
times
when
we
need
to
do
it
the
most.
When
we
ask
for
help：
★We
are
choosing
to
trust
the
person
we
ask
for
help；this
shows
our
respect
for
him/her.
★We
are
using
our
resources
wisely.It
is
a
wise
person
that
chooses
to
ask
for
help
before
a
problem
is
out
of
control.
★We
are
helping
to
break
down
this
idea
of
asking
for
help
as
weakness.
【语篇解读】 本文主要告诉我们在需要的时候向他人寻求帮助并不代表自身的软弱。
5．What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraph
1?
A．Phrases
can
be
powerful
when
used
correctly.
B．We
should
use
powerful
phrases
more
often.
C．People
don't
need
as
much
help
as
before.
D．People
don't
tend
to
ask
for
help
today.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But
the
phrase
that
can
change
the
way
we
relate
to
others
and
the
way
we
view
the
world
has
become
unpopular：‘I
need
your
help’．”但是有一个短语可以改变我们与人交流以及看待世界的方式，不过它已经不再流行了——“我需要你的帮助”。故当今人们不倾向于寻求他人帮助，故选D。]
6．Which
of
the
following
statements
would
the
author
agree
with?
A．Showing
our
weakness
is
our
strength.
B．Offering
help
is
harder
than
asking
for
help.
C．People
are
usually
willing
to
offer
help.
D．We
should
be
ashamed
of
being
vulnerable.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's
easy
for
most
of
us
to
give.”“But
asking
for
help
and
being
willing
to
receive
help
from
others
is
much
harder.”对于大多数人来说，给予是容易的。但寻求帮助以及乐于接受他人的帮助却很困难。所以人们更乐意去帮助他人，故选C。]
7．What
does
the
author
mainly
want
to
show
in
the
text?
A．Asking
for
help
when
necessary
doesn't
mean
weakness.
B．Today's
people
love
depending
on
themselves.
C．We
should
do
our
best
to
help
others
in
need.
D．It's
not
a
bad
idea
to
show
our
weakness.
A [主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句“We
are
helping
to
break
down
this
idea
of
asking
for
help
as
weakness.”我们要帮助粉碎这种认为寻求帮助就是自身很弱的观念。此句是点睛之句，也是作者想要表达的，故选A。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
A
new
report
says
plastic
is
responsible
for
the
damage
to
the
oceans
and
the
undersea
environment.The
findings
were
announced
recently
at
a
United
Nations
conference.__1__
Plastic
thrown
away
carelessly
makes
its
way
into
rivers
and
other
waterways.__2__After
a
while，it
collects
in
the
sea.And
plastic
never
goes
away.Plastic
is
not
biodegradable—destroyed
by
bacteria
or
natural
processes.Instead，it
just
breaks
up
into
smaller
pieces
over
time.The
oceans
contain
a
lot
of
chemicals
and
other
pollutants.__3__That
means
harmful
material
may
get
into
our
food
supply.
__4__Human
beings
cause
pollution
and
they
can
take
steps
to
stop
it.They
can
use
fewer
single?use
containers
and
throw
plastic
away
correctly.Plastic
recycling
programmes
also
work
where
old
bottles
and
other
plastic
are
collected，broken
down
and
used
to
make
new
products.
The
report
also
calls
on
companies
to
improve
methods
for
using
plastic.__5__And
it
calls
for
information
about
the
way
plastic
is
thrown
out
or
removed
from
use.
By
putting
a
new
value
on
plastic，industry
has
a
special
reason
to
clean
up
the
environment.But
all
of
the
companies
must
join
to
deal
with
the
problem.
A．Then，fish
may
eat
the
plastic.
B．It
asks
them
to
better
measure
and
direct
plastic
use.
C．The
plastic
eventually
reaches
coastal
areas
and
ocean
waters.
D．The
report
talks
about
the
harm
to
sea
life
and
what
might
be
done
to
improve
the
situation.
E．Plastic
should
be
gathered
together
and
reused.
F．But
people
can
make
a
big
difference.
G．It
is
convenient
to
use
plastic
bags
in
everyday
life.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料给海洋环境造成了极大的污染，并提出了解决方法。
1．D [由空前的内容，尤其是“A
new
report”“damage”可知，D项“该报告讨论了对海洋的危害以及可以做些什么来改进这一状况”符合语境，故选D。]
2．C [根据上下文可知，扔到河里和其他水道里的塑料制品最终会到达沿海地区以及海洋，故选C。]
3．A [根据下文“That
means
harmful
material
may
get
into
our
food
supply.”可推知，既然塑料进入了我们的食物中，那么只能是鱼吃了塑料，然后我们再吃了鱼，故选A。]
4．F [本空是本段的主旨句，根据下文谈到的人类的积极影响可知，此空是说人类可以起到作用，故选F。]
5．B [上文提到该报告呼吁公司应改进使用塑料的方法，而B项承接上文，指出了该报告要求它们更好地权衡和指导塑料的使用；且B项中It代指上文的The
report，故选B。]
51．Accuse
not
nature，she
has
done
her
part.
—John
Milton
别责怪自然，她已尽其职。
2．What
is
a
weed?
A
plant
whose
virtues
have
not
been
discovered.
—
Emerson
什么是杂草？杂草是一种利用价值尚未被发现的植物。
3．The
lover
of
nature
is
he
whose
inward
and
outward
senses
are
still
truly
adjusted
to
each
other;
who
has
retained
the
spirit
of
infancy
even
into
the
era
of
manhood.
—
Emerson
热爱大自然的人内外感觉协调一致，即使进入成年后依然保持着童心。
4．Fish
and
visitors
smell
three
days.
—Franklin
Benjamin
鱼放三天发臭，客住三天讨嫌。
5．Animals
are
such
agreeable
friends—they
ask
no
questions，they
pass
no
criticisms.
—George
Eliot
动物是非常怡人的朋友，它们不问任何问题，也不提出任何批评。
Begin
by
opening
your
eyes
and
be
surprised
that
you
have
eyes
you
can
open，that
incredible
array
of
colors
that
is
constantly
offered
to
us
for
pure
enjoyment.
Look
at
the
sky.We
so
rarely
look
at
the
sky.We
so
rarely
note
how
different
it
is
from
moment
to
moment，with
clouds
coming
and
going.We
just
think
of
the
weather，and
even
with
the
weather，we
don't
think
of
all
the
many
nuances
of
weather.We
just
think
of
good
weather
and
bad
weather.This
day，right
now，has
unique
weather，maybe
a
kind
that
will
never
exactly
in
that
form
come
again.That
formation
of
clouds
in
the
sky
will
never
be
the
same
that
is
right
now.Open
your
eyes.Look
at
that.
Each
spring
brings
a
new
blossom
of
wildflowers
in
the
ditches
(路沟)along
the
highway
I
travel
daily
to
work.I've
noticed
that
they
bloom
only
in
the
morning
hours.Every
day
for
approximately
two
weeks，I
see
those
beautiful
flowers.
This
spring，I
started
a
wildflower
garden
in
our
yard.I've
often
thought
that
those
lovely
blue
flowers
from
the
ditches
would
look
great
in
that
bed
alongside
other
wildflowers.Everyday
I
drove
past
the
flowers
thinking，“I'll
stop
on
my
way
home
and
dig
them.”But
I
never
stop
to
dig
them.
One
day
on
my
way
home
from
work，I
was
saddened
to
see
that
the
highway
department
had
mowed
the
ditches
and
the
pretty
blue
flowers
were
gone.I
thought
to
myself，“Way
to
go，you
waited
too
long.You
should
have
done
it
when
you
first
saw
them
blooming
this
spring.”
And
yes，if
I
see
the
blue
flowers
again，you
can
bet
I'll
stop
and
transplant
them
to
my
wildflower
garden.
[探索发现]
1．What's
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
Lost
chance
never
returns.
2．What
do
you
learn
from
the
passage?
We
should
grasp
every
chance
to
do
what
we
want
to
do
instead
of
hesitation.
2如何写英语诗歌
诗歌是各种英语文体中最富有激情和感彩的一种。诗歌往往用高度凝练的语言来表达诗人的喜怒哀乐。
诗歌的篇幅一般短小精悍、语言精练、感情强烈。在格式上，英语诗歌同汉语诗歌一样讲究押韵。诗的押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定的音韵效果，一首诗的押韵具有带规律性的一致性，尤其是在诗句的末尾，称尾韵。
现代诗歌可以押韵，也可以不押韵，但是写作时需注意两点：
1．要有节奏感。没有节奏感的诗歌，不能算诗，最多算是分行的散文。
2．要把握句子结构的平衡。也就是诗句长短不要相差太多，否则读起来给人不平衡、不舒服之感。
下面我们欣赏一首佳作：
When
You
Are
Old
When
you
are
old
and
grey
and
full
of
sleep，
And
nodding
by
the
fire，take
down
this
book，
And
slowly
read，and
dream
of
the
soft
look，
Your
eyes
had
once，and
of
their
shadows
deep；
How
many
loved
your
moments
of
glad
grace，
And
loved
your
beauty
with
love
false
or
true，
But
one
man
loved
the
pilgrim
soul
in
you，
And
loved
the
sorrows
of
your
changing
face；
And
bending
down
beside
the
glowing
bars，
Murmur，a
little
sadly，how
love
fled，
And
paced
upon
the
mountains
overhead，
And
hid
his
face
amid
a
crowd
of
stars.
这首诗的作者是William
Butler
Yeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝)。叶芝是爱尔兰最伟大的诗人之一，对现代诗有很大影响。这首诗是叶芝写给自己心爱的人的情诗。诗中的主人公“你”指的是爱尔兰革命家Maud
Gonne，叶芝遇见她并爱上她，曾多次向其求婚，均未成功，但他对她爱慕终生，于是就有了这篇经典之作。
全诗共三节，前两节均是对
Maud
Gonne的爱意的倾诉。第一节中虽然多次用第二人称“你”，但实际上是描述作者自己心中的所思所想。第二节中诗人采用了对比的手法，讲述了对
Maud
Gonne的爱慕之情，突出自己永恒的爱。最后一节诗人描述了自己内心悲伤的感情。诗中sleep/deep，book/look，grace/face，bars/stars，fled/overhead这几组韵调使诗歌富于音韵感，有音律美，节奏感强，读起来琅琅上口。
纵观全诗，没有华丽的辞藻，也找不到甜蜜的情话，有的只是平淡的文字背后寄予的永恒的爱意和深情，反而能让读者久久回味。
请以The
Significance
of
Failure为题写一首英文现代诗歌，句尾可以押韵，也可以不押韵，但每句诗都要以排比的形式重复使用Failure
doesn't
mean...It
does
mean....
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
The
Significance
of
Failure
Failure
doesn't
mean
you
are
a
failure，
It
does
mean
you
haven't
succeeded
yet.
Failure
doesn't
mean
you
have
accomplished
nothing，
It
does
mean
you
have
to
do
something
in
a
different
way.
Failure
doesn't
mean
you
are
inferior，
It
does
mean
you
are
not
perfect.
Failure
doesn't
mean
you've
wasted
your
life，
It
does
mean
you
have
a
reason
to
start
afresh.
Failure
doesn't
mean
you
have
been
a
fool，
It
does
mean
you
had
a
lot
of
faith.
Failure
doesn't
mean
you've
been
disgraced，
It
does
mean
you
were
willing
to
try.
Failure
doesn't
mean
you
should
give
up，
It
does
mean
you
must
try
harder.
Failure
doesn't
mean
you'll
never
make
it，
It
does
mean
it
will
take
a
little
longer.
Failure
doesn't
mean
God
has
abandoned
you，
It
does
mean
God
has
a
better
idea.
1阅读P68－69教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Why
did
many
people
get
puzzled
and
disturbed?
A．Because
they
didn't
speak
of
birds
again.
B．Because
the
feeding
stations
were
destroyed.
C．Because
most
birds
were
gone.
D．Because
birds
voices
were
unusual.
2．What
can
we
learn
about
Rachel
Carson?
A．She
was
born
in
1962.
B．She
was
a
writer
by
profession.
C．She
thought
pesticides
were
harmful.
D．She
used
too
many
pesticides
daily.
3．What
caused
a
great
increase
in
the
awareness
of
protecting
the
environment?
A．Carson's
research.
B．The
fire?ant
program.
C．The
green
movement.
D．Some
gypsy
moths.
4．Who
supported
Carson's
research
strongly?
A．Most
writers.
B．Most
scientists.
C．Most
critics.
D．Most
officials.
[答案] 1－4 CCAB
Words
And
Phrases
dozen
n./number
一打；许多
(教材P69)The
book
also
gives
dozens
of
other
examples
of
eradication
programmes
that
did
nothing
to
reduce
the
problems
they
were
originally
designed
to
solve.
该书还列举了许多其他的实例来说明一些根除方案根本没有采取任何措施来减少它们原本要解决的问题。
[例1] I'd
like
three
dozen
altogether.
我一共想要3打。
[例2] Dozens
of
people
have
been
injured
and
many
vehicles
set
on
fire.
很多人受了伤，很多汽车起火。
[造句] 他已在这儿住了24年。
He
has
lived
here
for
two
dozen
years.
[知识拓展]
by
the
dozen
按打计算；大量地
dozens
of
许多的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On
her
birthday，she
always
receives
cards
by
the
dozen.
②Dozens(dozen)of
miles
of
railway
track
have
been
torn
up.
③If
you
buy
a
dozen
of
these
tins，we
can
take
5
percent
off
the
price.
[名师点津]
(1)与具体数字连用时，不加复数词尾?s；若后接名词，通常也无需用介词of。
(2)若不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾?s，而且要后接介词of，然后才能接名词。如：
There
were
dozens
of
people
there.那里有许多人。
(3)当与a
few，several，many等数目不很具体的词或词组连用时，带不带复数词尾?s均可，但是注意：若不带复数词尾?s，其后的介词of可以省略；若带复数词尾?s，则其后介词of不能省略。如：
several
dozens
of
eggs＝several
dozen
eggs
几打鸡蛋
(4)若其后的名词被the，these，those等特指限定词的修饰，或其后接的是us，them
等人称代词时，则此时必须用介词of。如：
a
dozen
of
his
friends
他的12个朋友
two
dozen
of
them
它们中的24个
precise
adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
(教材P69)The
50
or
so
pages
at
the
end
of
the
book
list
Carson's
sources，showing
how
thorough
and
precise
she
was
as
a
scientist.
书的最后50页左右列出了卡森的资料来源，显示了她作为一名科学家是多么地缜密和一丝不苟。
[例1] A
lawyer
needs
a
precise
mind.
律师需要有缜密的思考能力。
[例2] There
were
not
many—five，to
be
precise.
数量不多——准确地说，只有五个。
[造句] 她给了我清晰而准确的指示。
She
gave
me
clear
and
precise
directions.
[知识拓展]
(1)to
be
precise
准确地说，确切地说
be
precise
about...
……方面准确
(2)precisely
adv.
精确地；恰好；细心地
more
precisely
更确切地说
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
shelf
is
about
a
metre
long—well，98
cm，to
be(be)precise.
②The
problem
is
due
to
discipline，or，more
precisely(precise)，the
lack
of
discipline，in
schools.
③You
have
to
be
precise
about
the
numbers.
[小片段填空]
Not
only
can
a
cell's
motions
be
①precisely
controlled
with
the
device，but
it
can
also
provide
very
②precise
measurements
of
a
cell's
position.
ban
vt.禁止，取缔n.禁令
(教材P69)Its
impact
was
immediate
and
far?reaching:
the
use
of
DDT
was
banned
and
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(EPA)was
established
in
the
US.
它的巨大影响是立刻显现的和深远的：DDT的使用被禁止，环境保护署(EPA)在美国成立。
[例1] Britain's
health
experts
are
pushing
for
a
ban
on
all
cigarette
advertising.
英国的健康专家正努力争取取缔任何形式的香烟广告。
[例2] Smoking
is
now
banned
in
many
places
of
work.
现在许多工作场所禁止吸烟。
[造句] 老师严禁他在课上讲话。
The
teacher
banned
him
from
talking
in
class.
[知识拓展]
(1)ban
sth.
禁止(做)某事
ban
sb.from
(doing)sth.
禁止(某人)做某事
(2)a
ban
on/against
sth.
对……的禁令
place/put...under
a
ban
禁止……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Chemical
weapons
are
banned(ban)internationally.
②They
are
banned
from
swimming(swim)in
the
river.
③There
is
a
ban
on/against
smoking
in
all
indoor
public
places.
④The
new
rule
has
put/placed
smoking
under
a
ban.
[名师点津]
“禁止某人做某事”的表达：
ban
sb.from
doing
sth.
prohibit
sb.from
doing
sth.
forbid
sb.from
doing
sth.
forbid
sb.to
do
sth.
launch
n．推出，发起；使(船)下水；发动；发射
(教材P69)Silent
Spring
was
therefore
regarded
as
a
milestone
in
the
launch
of
the
green
movement
in
the
Western
world.
因此，《寂静的春天》被认为是西方世界发起绿色运动的里程碑。
[例1] The
launch
of
their
new
machines
in
this
factory
received
much
media
coverage.
这个工厂投产的新机器广获传媒报道。
[例2] Are
you
at
the
launch
of
the
new
ship?
新船下水时你在场吗？
[造句] 我昨天看了火箭发射。
I
saw
the
launch
of
the
rocket
yesterday.
[知识拓展]
(1)the
launch
of (火箭)的发射；(船)下水；(新产品)投产
(2)launch
into
(积极热情地)开始，着手
launch
out
开创，启动(新而难的事)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
launched
into
an
explanation
of
how
the
machine
worked.
②She's
decided
she
has
enough
experience
to
launch
out
on
her
own.
③She
is
signing
copies
of
her
book
at
the
official
launch.
Sentence
Pattern
more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
(教材P69)Some
also
said
that
her
work
was
more
emotional
than
scientific.
一些人还说，她的工作更多的是情感上的，而不是科学上的。
句式分析：句中more...than...意思为“与其说……倒不如说……”；另外，此结构意思还可以是“比……多，比……更”。
[例1] The
book
seems
to
be
more
a
dictionary
than
one
on
grammar.
与其说这是本语法书，倒不如说是一本词典。
[例2] It
is
more
a
lyric
than
a
folk
story.
与其说这是个民间故事，不如说是首抒情诗。
[造句] 众所周知，行动比语言更有力度。
As
we
all
know，actions
are
more
powerful
than
words.
[知识拓展]
(1)no
more...than...
与……一样不
not
more...than...
不如；不及
(2)more
than
超过；不止
more
than
one＋单数名词，意为“不止一个……”，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①This
book
is
not
more
difficult
than
that
one.
这本书不如那本书难。
②He's
no
more
able
to
read
Spanish
than
I
am.
他和我都不懂西班牙语。
③He
is
more
than
a
writer;
he
is
also
a
professor.
他不仅仅是位作家，还是一名教授。
[小片段填空]
She
is
①more
a
producer
than
an
actress
in
this
film.And
she
had
to
do
②more
than
others，which
makes
her
③more
than
tired.
词义猜测题
词义猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个生词、短语或词块的含义，或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词、短语或词块代替。此外，也会涉及某一个熟词在不同语境中的不同含义。
【例文】
But
this
summer
I
find
myself
at
a
loss.I'm
not
quite
interested
in
Balzac，say，or“Tristram
Shandy.”There's
always
War
and
Peace，
，only
to
get
bogged
down
in
the“War”part，，and
realize
that
.How
appealing
to
simply
fall
back
on
a
favorite?once
more
into“The
Waves”or“Justine，”which
feels
almost
like
cheating，too
exciting
and
too
much
fun
to
properly
belong
in
serious
literature.
What
do
the
underlined
words“get
bogged
down”mean?
A．Get
confused.
B．Be
carried
away.
C．Be
interrupted.
D．Make
no
progress.
★解题关键
词义猜测主要是从“已知”得出“未知”，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词语前后的内容)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测。
★解题思路
Step
1：快速查找与猜测相关的信息句
(□中句)
Step
2：详读——作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书，把书放到一边，之后不得不再次从头开始阅读。
Step
3：尝试解答——由信息句可判断出，句中画线的“get
bogged
down”指的是陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展。与make
no
progress同义，故选D。
[针对性练习]
A
Education
takes
time.We
could
insist
that
everyone
study
full?time
until
the
age
of
45
but
that
would
surely
be
too
much.And
perhaps
half
the
population
studying
until
they're
21
is
also
too
much.As
for
universities，they
consume
financial
and
intellectual
resources—perhaps
those
resources
might
be
better
spent
elsewhere.
What's
the
meaning
of
the
word“consume”？
A．Use.
B．Provide.
C．Delight.
D．Raise.
A [词义猜测题。根据“Education
takes
time.”可知，教育要占用时间，再结合画线词后的“financial
and
intellectual
resources”可知，大学占用大量财政和智力资源，由此可知画线词词义为“占用、使用”，故A项正确。]
B
But
a
year
ago
when
my
relationship
with
my
wife
and
career
took
a
hit，I
needed
my
dad
to
pull
back
the
curtain
so
I
could
see
him
as
real
and
accessible.I
was
facing
serious
problems，and
I
wanted
to
know
whether
he
had
faced
them
before
and
how
he
had
found
his
way，because
I
felt
like
I
had
lost
mine.In
desperation，it
occurred
to
me
that
sending
an
email
might
be
the
key，so
I
wrote
him
one，telling
him
about
my
regrets
and
fears，and
I
asked
him
to
answer，if
he
felt
like
it.
The
underlined
part
can
be
best
replaced
by________．
A．draw
the
curtain
B．become
more
optimistic
C．show
his
true
self
D．clear
the
misunderstanding
C [词义猜测题。根据“But
a
year
ago
when
my
relationship
with
my
wife
and
career
took
a
hit，I
needed
my
dad
to
pull
back
the
curtain
so
I
could
see
him
as
real
and
accessible.但一年前，当我与妻子和事业的关系受到打击时，我需要父亲拉开帷幕，让我看到他是真实的、平易近人的”，可推知，需要父亲拉开帷幕则意为“展示真实的自己”。故C选项正确。]
C
The
global
figures
reveal
that
even
the
Americans
put
Britain
to
shame
when
it
comes
to
taking
exercise.Britain
has
one
of
the
most
sedentary
populations
on
the
earth，with
almost
twice
the
proportion
of
people
defined
as“inactive”as
in
neighboring
France.In
the
UK，63.3
percent
of
the
population
fails
to
meet
recommended
levels
of
physical
activity，increasing
their
risk
of
conditions
such
as
heart
disease，diabetes
and
cancer.By
contrast，40.5
percent
of
US
citizens
are
inactive，despite
more
than
30
percent
of
them
being
obese.
Which
of
the
following
is
closest
in
meaning
to
the
underlined
word“sedentary”？
A．Proud.
B．Inactive.
C．Silent.
D．Energetic.
B [根据画线词所在句的下半句“with
almost
twice
the
proportion
of
people
defined
as‘inactive’as
in
neighboring
France”几乎是邻国法国被定义为‘不活跃’的人口比例的两倍”可知，英国是拥有地球上最不活跃的人口的国家之一。故划线词sedentary与inactive最接近。故B选项正确。]
3Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.inspector
A．n.刮胡子
( )2.shaving
B．n.检查员，巡视员
( )3.prospect
C．n.教堂
( )4.church
D．n.儿歌，童谣
( )5.rhyme
E．n.开阔的景观，景色
[答案] 1－5 BAECD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．weekly
adj.
一周一次的，每周的
2．insist
v.
坚称，坚决认为
3．bend
v.
变弯曲
4．innocent
adj.
天真无邪的
5．enhance
v.
改进；增强
Ⅰ.语境填空
weekly，insist，enhances，inspectors，shaving，prospect，innocent，rhyme，bent，church
1．I
will
have
another
glass
if
you
insist．
2．In
addition
to
my
weekly
wage，I
got
a
lot
of
tips.
3．It
was
difficult
for
the
inspectors
to
discover
which
documents
were
important.
4．The
growth
of
a
city
often
enhances
the
value
of
the
land
close
to
it.
5．From
the
top
of
the
hill
there's
a
beautiful
prospect
over
the
valley.
6．A
man
has
five
items
in
his
bathroom:
a
toothbrush，shaving
cream，razor，a
bar
of
soap，and
a
towel.
7．The
building
he
once
lived
in
turned
out
to
be
a
church．
8．The
branch
bent
but
did
not
break.
9．I
was
very
young，and
very
innocent．
10．The
kids
made
up
a
rhyme
about
a
frog.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．He
writes
a
weekly(week)letter
to
his
parents.
2．An
inspector(inspect)has
checked
the
standard
of
the
work.
3．In
spite
of
the
rain
he
was
insistent(insist)on
going
out.
4．He
hurried
on
with
his
shaving(shave)，cutting
his
chin
twice.
5．“Oh，Sue
went
too，did
she？”I
asked
innocently(innocent).
1．...so
that
it
really
does
seem
an
age
since
I
saw
the
ground
so
fantastically
carpeted.
……这确实似乎是我很长时间没有看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯了。
2．When
I
got
up
this
morning
the
world
was
a
cold
place
of
dead
white
and
pale
blues.
当我今天早上起床的时候，这个世界是一个冰冷的地方，到处都是了无生气的白色和淡蓝色。
3．The
little
plum
tree
outside，with
the
faintly
flushed
snow
lining
its
branches
and
artfully
disposed
along
its
trunk，stood
in
full
sunlight.
外面的小梅树，裹着微微泛红的雪的树枝在树干上巧妙地排列着，直立在阳光普照之下。
4．...and
the
weathercock
of
the
village
church，still
to
be
seen
through
the
grey
loaded
air，has
become
some
creature
out
of
Hans
Andersen.
……仍然可以透过灰蒙蒙的空中看到的村里教堂的风标已变成汉斯·安徒生笔下的某个人物。
5．...and
there
is
running
through
my
head
a
rhyme
I
used
to
repeat
when
I
was
a
child
and
flattened
my
nose
against
the
cold
window
to
watch
the
falling
snow...
……我想起小时候，我把鼻子贴在冰冷的窗户上，看着飘落的雪花，常常重复的一首童谣……
名师圈点
①at
the
risk
of冒……的风险
②this
fair
and
witty
reviewer这位公正而诙谐的评论家
③insist
v．坚称，坚决认为
④be
excited
about对……兴奋
⑤talk
away不断地谈；说个不停
⑥come
round重新来到；造访
⑦be
fascinating
to
sb.十分吸引某人
⑧fantastically
carpeted铺上非常漂亮的地毯
⑨go
to
bed上床睡觉
⑩wake
up醒来
?secrecy
and
quietness神秘和安静
?makes
it
more
magical使它更有魔力
?get
up起床
?dead
white
and
pale
blues苍白色和淡蓝色
?shaving
and
brushing
and
dressing刮胡子、刷牙和穿衣服
?sit
down
to
breakfast坐下来吃早饭
?flush
the
snow把雪染红
?be
transformed
into被转换成
?plum
n.
李子，梅子
?faintly
adv.微弱地，模糊地
dispose
v．安排，处理
in
full
sunlight在阳光普照之下
sparkle
n．闪耀，闪光
look
out
of
my
study
window从我书房的窗户向外望去
go
on
and
on连绵不断；没完没了
disturb
about
the
whole
prospect对整个前景感到不安
at
any
moment随时
break
out
from从……冲出来
be
reddened被染红
glare
n．刺眼的强光
in
great
soft
flakes大片柔软的雪花
bend
v．变弯曲
weathercock
n．(公鸡形)
风标
church
n．教堂
be
apart
from离……很远
rhyme
n．儿歌，童谣
alabaster
n．雪花石膏
goose
n．鹅
feather
n．羽毛
原文呈现
First
Snow
Mr
Robert
Lynd
once
said
of
Jane
Austen's
characters：“They
are
people
in
whose
lives
a
slight
fall
of
snow
is
an
event(1).”Even
at
the
risk
of①
appearing
to
this
fair
and
witty
reviewer②
as
another
Mr
Woodhouse，I
must
insist③
that
last
night's
fall
of
snow
here
was
an
event(2).I
was
nearly
as
excited
about④
it
this
morning
as
the
children，whom
I
found
all
looking
through
the
window
at
the
magic
outside
and
talking
away⑤
as
excitedly
as
if
Christmas
had
suddenly
come
round⑥
again.(3)The
fact
is，however，that
the
snow
was
as
strange
and
fascinating
to⑦
me
as
it
was
to
them(4).It
is
the
first
fall
we
have
had
here
this
winter，and
last
year
I
was
out
of
the
country，sweating
in
a
hot
climate，during
the
snowy
season，so
that
it
really
does
seem
an
age
since
I
saw
the
ground
so
fantastically
carpeted⑧.(5)
(1)“介词＋whose＋名词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
(2)that引导宾语从句。
(3)句中whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词children，as
if引导方式状语从句。
(4)that引导表语从句。
(5)句中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，第一个分句中we...this
winter为定语从句，修饰先行词fall，第二个分句中so
that引导结果状语从句，since引导原因状语从句。
The
first
fall
of
snow
is
not
only
an
event
but
it
is
a
magical
event.You
go
to
bed⑨
in
one
kind
of
world
and
wake
up⑩
to
find
yourself
in
another
quite
different，and
if
this
is
not
magic(6)，then
where
is
it
to
be
found?
The
very
secrecy
and
quietness?
of
the
thing
makes
it
more
magical?.
(6)if引导条件状语从句。
When
I
got
up?
this
morning(7)the
world
was
a
cold
place
of
dead
white
and
pale
blues?.The
light
that
came
through
the
windows(8)was
very
strange，and
it
made
the
familiar
business
of
splashing
and
shaving
and
brushing
and
dressing?
very
strange
too.Then
the
sun
came
out，and
by
the
time
I
had
sat
down
to
breakfast?(9)it
was
shining
bravely
and
flushing
the
snow?
with
delicate
pinks.The
dining?room
window
had
been
transformed
into?
a
lovely
Japanese
print.The
little
plum?
tree
outside，with
the
faintly?
flushed
snow
lining
its
branches
and
artfully
disposed
along
its
trunk，stood
in
full
sunlight.
(7)when引导时间状语从句。
(8)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词light。
(9)by
the
time引导时间状语从句。
An
hour
or
two
later
everything
was
a
cold
sparkle
of
white
and
blue.The
world
had
completely
changed
again.The
little
Japanese
prints
had
all
disappeared.I
looked
out
of
my
study
window，over
the
garden，the
field，to
the
low
hills
beyond，and
the
ground
went
on
and
on，the
sky
was
thick
grey，and
all
the
trees
so
many
black
and
threatening
shapes.There
was
indeed
something
curiously
disturbing
about
the
whole
prospect.It
was
as
if
our
kindly
countryside，close
to
the
very
heart
of
England，had
been
turned
into
a
cruel
grassland(10).At
any
moment，it
seemed，a
body
of
horsemen
might
be
seen
breaking
out
from
the
black
trees，so
many
weapons
might
be
heard
and
some
distant
spot
of
snow
be
reddened.It
was
that
kind
of
landscape.
(10)as
if引导表语从句。
Now
it
has
changed
again.The
glare
has
gone
and
no
touch
of
the
disturbing
remains.But
the
snow
is
falling
heavily，in
great
soft
flakes，so
that
you
can
hardly
see
across
the
shallow
valley(11)，and
the
roofs
are
thick
and
the
trees
all
bending，and
the
weathercock
of
the
village
church，still
to
be
seen
through
the
grey
loaded
air，has
become
some
creature
out
of
Hans
Andersen.From
my
study，which
is
apart
from
the
house
and
faces
it，I
can
see
the
children
flattening
their
noses
against
the
window，and
there
is
running
through
my
head
a
rhyme
I
used
to
repeat
when
I
was
a
child
and
flattened
my
nose
against
the
cold
window
to
watch
the
falling
snow：(12)
Snow，snow
faster：
White
alabaster！
Killing
geese
in
Scotland，
Sending
feathers
here!
(Adaptation
from
First
Snow
by
John
Boynton
Priestley)
(11)so
that引导结果状语从句。
(12)句中which...faces
it为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词study；I
used
to
repeat为定语从句，修饰先行词rhyme；when引导时间状语从句。
译文参考
初雪
罗伯特·林德曾这样评价简·奥斯汀笔下的人物：“他们是这样的人，在其生活中，下一场小雪就是一件大事”。即使冒着被这位公正而诙谐的评论家视为另一位伍德豪斯先生的风险，我也必须坚持说昨晚这里的降雪是一件大事。今天早上对此我几乎和孩子们一样兴奋，我看到他们都透过窗户望着神奇的外面，兴奋地说个不停，好像圣诞节又突然来临了。然而，事实是，雪对我和他们来说，同样陌生又迷人。这是今年冬天我们这里的第一场降雪，去年在雪季我离开了我的国家，在炎热的天气里，我一直在冒汗，这确实似乎是我很长一段时间没有看到地面上铺着如此奇妙的地毯了。
第一场雪不仅是一件大事，而且是一件神奇的大事。你在一种世界里上床睡觉，醒来后却发现自己在另一种完全不同的世界里，如果这不是魔法，那么在哪里可以找到魔法呢？初雪的神秘和悄无声息使它更有魔力。
当我今天早上起床的时候，这个世界是一个冰冷的地方，到处都是了无生气的白色和淡蓝色。从窗户射进来的光线非常奇怪，这使得我们熟悉的泼水、刮胡子、刷牙和穿衣服也变得非常奇怪。之后太阳出来了，到我坐下来吃早饭的时候，它绚丽夺目，用娇嫩的粉红色把雪染红了。餐厅的窗户变成了一幅可爱的日本版画。外面的小梅树，裹着微微泛红的雪的树枝在树干上巧妙地排列着，直立在阳光普照之下。
一两个小时以后，一切都变成了白蓝的冷光。世界又完全改变了。日本小版画全都不见了。我从书房的窗户向外望，目光越过花园、田野和远处的小山，地面连绵不断，天空灰蒙蒙的，所有的树木都是那么多可怕的黑影。整个景象确实有一种奇怪的令人不安的东西。就好像我们靠近英格兰中心的宜人的乡村变成了一片令人痛苦的草原。似乎随时都可能看到一群骑兵从黑压压的树林里冲出来；听到许多武器发出的响声；看到远处的一些积雪被染红。就是那种风景。
现在它又变了。耀眼的光芒消失了，没有一丝令人不安的痕迹。但是雪下得很大，大片柔软的雪花飘着，所以你很难看到整个浅谷，屋顶上厚厚的积雪，树都被压弯了，仍然可以透过灰蒙蒙的空中看到的村里教堂的风标已变成安徒生笔下的某个人物。从我的书房，它与住房是分开的，并且正对着住房，我可以看到孩子们把鼻子贴在窗户上；我想起小时候，我把鼻子贴在冰冷的窗户上，看着飘落的雪花，常常重复的一首童谣：
雪花快飘，
白如石膏！
高地宰鹅，
这里飞毛！
(改编自约翰·博因顿·
普里斯特利的《第一场雪》)
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