备战2021年高考英语 易错点09 名词性从句(原卷版+解析版)

文档属性

名称 备战2021年高考英语 易错点09 名词性从句(原卷版+解析版)
格式 zip
文件大小 340.9KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2020-11-17 18:41:00

文档简介

专题09
名词性从句
易错题【01】连接代词what的用法
易错题【02】连接副词
易错题【03】同位语从句
易错题【04】whoever,whatever,
whomever,
whichever与
who,what,whom,which的区别
01
连接代词what的用法
(2020·浙江卷)Over
thousands
of
years,they
began
to
depend
less
on
57
could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
and
more
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【答案】what
【叮嘱】what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“……所……的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。
Our
teachers
always
tell
us
to
believe
in
what
we
do
and
who
we
are
if
we
want
to
succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果我们想要成功,要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。
1.(2020·天津卷)The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
make
come
true
__________
Professor
Joseph
had
said.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
when
D.
where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_________
Professor
Joseph
had
said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
【2018·北京】This
is
_________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
A.
how
B.
which
C.
that
D.
what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
3.【2017·江苏】
We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
_______
it
used
to
charge.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
how
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。"half
of
_________
it
used
to
charge"是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句的宾语,故选C。
02
连接副词
【2019·北京卷】What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
___8___
they
go.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。
【问诊】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
【答案】where
【叮嘱】引导名词性从句的连接副词有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever
等,它们均在从句中作状语。
I
have
no
idea
when
she
will
be
back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've
been
thinking
about
how
we
can
make
the
newspaper
more
interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's
why
I
want
you
to
work
there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever
he
goes
makes
his
parents
worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。
1.【2018·北京】Without
his
support,
we
wouldn’t
be
_________
we
are
now.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
where
D.
why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.【2018·江苏】By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_______
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。
03
同位语从句
【2019·江苏卷】Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
___________
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
where
【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是同位语从句用法不熟。
【问诊】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
【答案】B
【叮嘱】
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行词。
1.
同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句的连接词主要有that,
whether,
why,
who,
where,
how,
when等。在同位语从句中that,
whether不作成分,that无实际意义,whether表示“是否”;其他连接词具有实义,同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The
report
that
he
was
going
to
resign
was
false.
他将辞职的报道是假的。
There’s
some
doubt
whether
John
will
come
on
time.
对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。
2.
可跟同位语从句的名词
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句,常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有:
advice
建议
belief
信念
fact
事实
hope
希望
idea
主意
news
消息
opinion
观点
order
命令
promise
诺言
question
问题
reply
答复
report
报道
thought
想法
truth
事实
warning
警告
The
problem
why
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer
is
still
under
discussion.
地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。
3.
同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
He
got
the
news
from
Mary
that
the
sports
meeting
was
put
off.
他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
4.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)
定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2)
定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
1)
The
news
that
he
told
me
is
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
next
year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)
(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The
news
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
is
told
by
him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)
(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
1.【2019·新课标I卷】While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,there
is
evidence
___61___
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there
be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
2.【2016·天津】The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
____
we
should
have
an
assistant.
There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
A.
whether
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的,故用that引导,that不作成分,只起连接作用。故选B。
04
whoever,whatever,
whomever,
whichever与
who,what,whom,which的区别
【2018·天津】The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
_______to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。
【问诊】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
【答案】C
【叮嘱】
whatever
意为“任何(事物),无论什么东西”,相当于anything
that,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语,表示无范围的选择
what
可引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,表示无范围的选择
whoever
意为“任何人”,相当于anyone
who,可以引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语或宾语,表示无范围的选择
who
可引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,通常保留疑问的含义,即“谁”。
whomever
意为“任何人;无论是谁”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作宾语
whom
可引导名词性从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“谁”
whichever
意为“无论哪个/哪些”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,表示有范围的选择
which
可引导名词性从句,意为“哪一个”,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语,表示有范围的选择
1.【2018·天津】The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
___________to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
2.【2017·北京】
Every
year,
______
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
A.
whatever
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whichever
【答案】B
【解析】A.
whatever
任何事
B.
whoever
任何人
C.
whomever
任何人
D.
whichever无论哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除A、D,因为需要作主语,只能用主格代词who+ever,故选B。

Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.I
truly
believe__that__beauty
comes
from
within.
解析:考查名词性从句引导词。从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起连接作用的that。
2.Reading
her
biography,I
was
lost
in
admiration
for
__what__Doris
Lessing
had
achieved
in
literature.
解析:考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。分析语境可知,此处是介词for后接了宾语从句。从句中缺少achieved的宾语,故要用what来引导。句意:读她的传记,我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。
3.A
ship
in
harbor
is
safe,but
that's
not
__what__
ships
are
built
for.
解析:what引导表语从句,在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意:船停泊在港口里是安全的,但那可不是造船的目的。
4.If
you
swim
in
a
river
or
lake,be
sure
to
investigate
__what__
is
below
the
water
surface.
Often
there
are
rocks
or
branches
hidden
in
the
water.
解析:investigate后面是宾语从句,从句中缺主语,故用what。句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。
5.The
family
was
rather
poor
but
the
honest
man
decided
to
give
the
bag
to
its
owner.
He
gave
it
back
to
Sam
and
asked
him
to
check__whether/if__the
bag
had
50
gold
coins.
解析:句意:……他把包还给了Sam,请他检查包内是否有50个金币。
6.He
has
heart
disease.
That
is__because__he
has
been
smoking
too
much.
解析:句意:他有心脏病,这是由于他一直吸烟造成的。
7.People
who
visited
me
used
to
ask
me__how__I
could
sleep.“Doesn't
the
sound
of
the
traffic
bother
you?How
can
you
get
used
to
so
much
noise?”
解析:句意:来看我的人过去常常问我怎么能睡得着……。
8.We
know
from
the
survey
on
cigarettes
__that__
warning
messages
on
product
containers
and
in
ads
can
affect
consumption
of
potentially
dangerous
products.
解析:句意为:我们从关于香烟的调查了解到,在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整,因此用从属连词that引导。
9.Following
the
decline
in
house
prices
in
many
small
and
medium-sized
cities,
there
are
now
signs
__that__
house
prices
in
major
cities
may
also
be
set
for
a
slide.
解析:句意为:随着中小型城市房价的下跌,现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句,从句结构和意义完整,用从属连词that引导。
10.Tens
of
thousands
of
people
?marched
to
the
Martin
Luther
King
Jr.
Memorial,
celebrating
?the
50th
anniversary
of
King's
famous
speech,
through
which
we
know
__what__
he
said
meant
to
the
black.
解析:句意为:数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑,庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。通过这个演讲,我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语,指“他所说的话”,故填what。
11.New
plans
for
the
college
?entrance
examination
in
Zhejiang
are
__that__
students
have
to
?be
tested
on
Chinese,
math,
English
and
another
three
?subjects
as
they
prefer.
解析:句意为:浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句,从句中不缺成分和意义,故用that引导。
12.There
is
a
strong
possibility
__that__
man
will
mainly
depend
on
solar
energy
in
the
future.
解析:句意为:人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整,不缺少成分,且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明,故设空处引导同位语从句,故填that。
13.As
John
Lennon
once
said,
life
is
__what__
happens
to
you
while
you
are
busy
making
other
plans.
解析:句意为:正如约翰·列侬曾经所说,生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语,故填what。
14.__When__
the
delayed
flight
will
take
off
depends
much
on
the
weather.
解析:句意为:延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知,depends
much
on是句子的谓语,________
the
delayed
flight
will
take
off是句子的主语,设空处引导主语从句。根据句意,设空处在主语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
15.__That__mathematics
is
one
of
the
most
useful
sections
in
human
knowledge
is
widely
accepted.
解析:句意为:人们普遍认为数学是人类知识中最有用的部分之一。设空处引导主语从句且从句中不缺任何成分,故用that引导。
16.The
bride
and
groom
gave
__whoever__
attended
their
wedding
some
gifts
to
share
their
happiness.
解析:句意为:新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物,来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,意思是“凡是……的人”,相当于anyone
who,故用whoever。
17.I
couldn't
imagine
__how__difficult
it
was
for
these
badly
injured
victims
to
make
it
to
the
hospital.
解析:句意为:我无法想像这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句,空后是形容词difficult,应该用how修饰,how
difficult
it
was意为“这是多么困难”。
18.Grandma
pointed
to
the
hospital
and
said,
“That's
__where__
I
was
born.”
解析:句意为:“那就是我出生的地方,”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院,所以设空处应该是表地点,故用where引导该表语从句,并在从句中作地点状语。
19.Some
people
believe__whatever__has
happened
before
or
is
happening
now
will
repeat
itself
in
the
future.
解析:句意为:一些人认为,无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情,都会在将来重演。从句中缺少主语,且表示“无论……的事情”,故填whatever。
20.—Is
it
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday?
—Yeah,
but
I
have
no
idea__why__he
did
it;
that's
one
of
his
favorite
universities.
解析:句意为:——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗?——是的,可我不知道他为什么那么做;那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句,用于解释说明idea的内容;从句中缺少状语,根据句意此处表示原因,故用why引导。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I
like
reading
very
much.
My
classmates'
question
is
__1.
when__
I
began
to
love
reading.
Actually,
I
love
reading
as
a
child.
I
grew
up
in
a
college
town
and
I
spent
all
my
summer
vacations
in
this
university.
What
I
meant
was
__2.
that__
I
was
surrounded
by
libraries
and
the
people
who
loved
to
read.
__3.
That__
I
went
to
the
library
to
read
every
day
was
one
of
my
favorite
hobbies.
My
love
of
reading
was
credited
with
the
fact
__4.
that__
my
parents
only
let
me
watch
an
hour
of
TV
a
day.
I
learned
to
entertain
myself
through
my
mind
and
imagination.
It's
not
really
surprising
__5.
that__
literature
became
my
vocation.
Recently
I
have
been
reading
a
lot
of
multicultural
women's
legends.
Jane
Goodall
went
to
Africa
and
studied
chimps
instead
of
going
to
university.
__6.
Whether__
there
are
some
connections
between
chimps
and
human
beings
puzzles
me
a
lot.
Thanks
to
Jane
Goodall,
her
research
showed
me
the
answer.
She
argued
__7.
that__
wild
animals
should
be
left
in
the
wild
and
not
used
for
entertainment.
After
finishing
her
story,
I
still
have
some
doubts
__8.
how__
she
could
achieve
great
success
on
her
own
in
the
forest.
Lin
Qiaozhi,
a
doctor,
became
a
specialist
in
women's
illnesses.
She
devoted
all
her
life
to
medical
work
for
Chinese
women
and
children.
__9.
What__
made
her
succeed
later
on
was
the
kindness
and
consideration
she
showed
to
all
her
patients.
__10.
Why__
she
didn't
choose
to
have
a
family
of
her
own
is
clear
to
me
now.
Ⅲ.
单句改错
1.I
didn't
know
what
one
to
buy
because
these
books
were
all
useful
to
me.
答案与解析:what→which 此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义,故“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。
2.You
want
to
know
that
everthing
is
going
in
our
school.
答案与解析:that→how 宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语,表示go的程度,表示“我们学校的情况如何”,故用how。
3.The
problem
is
what
the
“Play”
doesn't
work
at
all.
答案与解析:what→that 表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分,而且不表示意义,故用that。what在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。
4.There
is
no
doubt
whether
I
will
achieve
great
progress
in
English
learning
with
your
assistance.
答案与解析:whether→that 否定句或疑问句中doubt后的从句用that引导,肯定句doubt后的从句用whether/if引导。There
is
no
doubt
that...“毫无疑问……”。
5.At
that
time,
I
just
wondered
that
my
mother
was
so
delighted.
答案与解析:that→why 根据wonder判断,引导词表示“为什么”意义,故用why。句子表示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。
6.Which
is
worse,
they
spat
and
even
threw
rubbish
into
the
lake.
答案与解析:Which→What What
is
worse是固定用法,意为“更糟糕的是”。
I
went
up
and
asked
what
I
could
help
them.
答案与解析:what→if/whether 
宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分,再根据ask判断句子的引导词表示疑问意义,故应为if/whether。
8.As
is
known
to
all
that
millions
of
graduates
crowded
into
the
job
market
each
year.
答案与解析:As→It 本句是一个it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正主语的句子,故改为it。如果用as,则为As
is
known
to
all,
millions
of
graduates...。
9.That
you
should
learn
is
how
to
write
down
the
most
important
words,
not
the
whole
sentence.
答案与解析:That→What 主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作learn的宾语,故用what。
10.The
main
reason
for
this
was
because
my
mother
didn't
know
how
to
cook
anything
when
she
got
married.
答案与解析:because→that was后是表语从句且从句中不缺少成分,故用that引导。专题09
名词性从句
易错题【01】连接代词what的用法
易错题【02】连接副词
易错题【03】同位语从句
易错题【04】whoever,whatever,
whomever,
whichever与
who,what,whom,which的区别
01
连接代词what的用法
(2020·浙江卷)Over
thousands
of
years,they
began
to
depend
less
on
57
could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
and
more
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【答案】what
【叮嘱】what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“……所……的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。
Our
teachers
always
tell
us
to
believe
in
what
we
do
and
who
we
are
if
we
want
to
succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果我们想要成功,要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。
1.(2020·天津卷)The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
make
come
true
__________
Professor
Joseph
had
said.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
when
D.
where
【2018·北京】This
is
_________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
A.
how
B.
which
C.
that
D.
what
3.【2017·江苏】
We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
_______
it
used
to
charge.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
how
02
连接副词
【2019·北京卷】What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
___8___
they
go.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。
【问诊】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
【答案】where
【叮嘱】引导名词性从句的连接副词有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever
等,它们均在从句中作状语。
I
have
no
idea
when
she
will
be
back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've
been
thinking
about
how
we
can
make
the
newspaper
more
interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's
why
I
want
you
to
work
there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever
he
goes
makes
his
parents
worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。
1.【2018·北京】Without
his
support,
we
wouldn’t
be
_________
we
are
now.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
where
D.
why
2.【2018·江苏】By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_______
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
03
同位语从句
【2019·江苏卷】Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
___________
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
where
【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是同位语从句用法不熟。
【问诊】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
【答案】B
【叮嘱】
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行词。
1.
同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句的连接词主要有that,
whether,
why,
who,
where,
how,
when等。在同位语从句中that,
whether不作成分,that无实际意义,whether表示“是否”;其他连接词具有实义,同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The
report
that
he
was
going
to
resign
was
false.
他将辞职的报道是假的。
There’s
some
doubt
whether
John
will
come
on
time.
对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。
2.
可跟同位语从句的名词
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句,常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有:
advice
建议
belief
信念
fact
事实
hope
希望
idea
主意
news
消息
opinion
观点
order
命令
promise
诺言
question
问题
reply
答复
report
报道
thought
想法
truth
事实
warning
警告
The
problem
why
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer
is
still
under
discussion.
地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。
3.
同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
He
got
the
news
from
Mary
that
the
sports
meeting
was
put
off.
他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
4.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)
定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2)
定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
1)
The
news
that
he
told
me
is
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
next
year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)
(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The
news
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
is
told
by
him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)
(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
1.【2019·新课标I卷】While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,there
is
evidence
___61___
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
2.【2016·天津】The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
____
we
should
have
an
assistant.
There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
A.
whether
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
04
whoever,whatever,
whomever,
whichever与
who,what,whom,which的区别
【2018·天津】The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
_______to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。
【问诊】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
【答案】C
【叮嘱】
whatever
意为“任何(事物),无论什么东西”,相当于anything
that,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语,表示无范围的选择
what
可引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,表示无范围的选择
whoever
意为“任何人”,相当于anyone
who,可以引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语或宾语,表示无范围的选择
who
可引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,通常保留疑问的含义,即“谁”。
whomever
意为“任何人;无论是谁”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作宾语
whom
可引导名词性从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“谁”
whichever
意为“无论哪个/哪些”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,表示有范围的选择
which
可引导名词性从句,意为“哪一个”,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语,表示有范围的选择
1.【2018·天津】The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
___________to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
2.【2017·北京】
Every
year,
______
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
A.
whatever
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whichever

Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.I
truly
believe___________
beauty
comes
from
within.
2.Reading
her
biography,I
was
lost
in
admiration
for___________
Doris
Lessing
had
achieved
in
literature.
3.A
ship
in
harbor
is
safe,but
that's
not
___________
ships
are
built
for.
4.If
you
swim
in
a
river
or
lake,be
sure
to
investigate
___________
is
below
the
water
surface.
Often
there
are
rocks
or
branches
hidden
in
the
water.
5.The
family
was
rather
poor
but
the
honest
man
decided
to
give
the
bag
to
its
owner.
He
gave
it
back
to
Sam
and
asked
him
to
check___________
the
bag
had
50
gold
coins.
6.He
has
heart
disease.
That
is___________
he
has
been
smoking
too
much.
7.People
who
visited
me
used
to
ask
me___________
I
could
sleep.“Doesn't
the
sound
of
the
traffic
bother
you?How
can
you
get
used
to
so
much
noise?”
8.We
know
from
the
survey
on
cigarettes
___________
warning
messages
on
product
containers
and
in
ads
can
affect
consumption
of
potentially
dangerous
products.
9.Following
the
decline
in
house
prices
in
many
small
and
medium-sized
cities,
there
are
now
signs
___________
house
prices
in
major
cities
may
also
be
set
for
a
slide.
10.Tens
of
thousands
of
people
?marched
to
the
Martin
Luther
King
Jr.
Memorial,
celebrating
?the
50th
anniversary
of
King's
famous
speech,
through
which
we
know
___________
he
said
meant
to
the
black.
11.New
plans
for
the
college
?entrance
examination
in
Zhejiang
are___________
students
have
to
?be
tested
on
Chinese,
math,
English
and
another
three
?subjects
as
they
prefer.
12.There
is
a
strong
possibility___________
man
will
mainly
depend
on
solar
energy
in
the
future.
13.As
John
Lennon
once
said,
life
is
___________
happens
to
you
while
you
are
busy
making
other
plans.
14.___________
the
delayed
flight
will
take
off
depends
much
on
the
weather.
15.___________
mathematics
is
one
of
the
most
useful
sections
in
human
knowledge
is
widely
accepted.
16.The
bride
and
groom
gave___________
attended
their
wedding
some
gifts
to
share
their
happiness.
17.I
couldn't
imagine
___________
difficult
it
was
for
these
badly
injured
victims
to
make
it
to
the
hospital.
18.Grandma
pointed
to
the
hospital
and
said,
“That's___________
I
was
born.”
19.Some
people
believe___________
has
happened
before
or
is
happening
now
will
repeat
itself
in
the
future.
20.—Is
it
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday?
—Yeah,
but
I
have
no
idea___________
he
did
it;
that's
one
of
his
favorite
universities.
Ⅱ.
语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I
like
reading
very
much.
My
classmates'
question
is
__1.
__
I
began
to
love
reading.
Actually,
I
love
reading
as
a
child.
I
grew
up
in
a
college
town
and
I
spent
all
my
summer
vacations
in
this
university.
What
I
meant
was
__2.
__
I
was
surrounded
by
libraries
and
the
people
who
loved
to
read.
__3.
__
I
went
to
the
library
to
read
every
day
was
one
of
my
favorite
hobbies.
My
love
of
reading
was
credited
with
the
fact
__4.
__
my
parents
only
let
me
watch
an
hour
of
TV
a
day.
I
learned
to
entertain
myself
through
my
mind
and
imagination.
It's
not
really
surprising
__5.
__
literature
became
my
vocation.
Recently
I
have
been
reading
a
lot
of
multicultural
women's
legends.
Jane
Goodall
went
to
Africa
and
studied
chimps
instead
of
going
to
university.
__6.
__
there
are
some
connections
between
chimps
and
human
beings
puzzles
me
a
lot.
Thanks
to
Jane
Goodall,
her
research
showed
me
the
answer.
She
argued
__7.__
wild
animals
should
be
left
in
the
wild
and
not
used
for
entertainment.
After
finishing
her
story,
I
still
have
some
doubts
__8.__
she
could
achieve
great
success
on
her
own
in
the
forest.
Lin
Qiaozhi,
a
doctor,
became
a
specialist
in
women's
illnesses.
She
devoted
all
her
life
to
medical
work
for
Chinese
women
and
children.
__9.
__
made
her
succeed
later
on
was
the
kindness
and
consideration
she
showed
to
all
her
patients.
__10.
__
she
didn't
choose
to
have
a
family
of
her
own
is
clear
to
me
now.
Ⅲ.
单句改错
1.I
didn't
know
what
one
to
buy
because
these
books
were
all
useful
to
me.
2.You
want
to
know
that
everthing
is
going
in
our
school.
3.The
problem
is
what
the
“Play”
doesn't
work
at
all.
4.There
is
no
doubt
whether
I
will
achieve
great
progress
in
English
learning
with
your
assistance.
5.At
that
time,
I
just
wondered
that
my
mother
was
so
delighted.
6.Which
is
worse,
they
spat
and
even
threw
rubbish
into
the
lake.
I
went
up
and
asked
what
I
could
help
them.
8.As
is
known
to
all
that
millions
of
graduates
crowded
into
the
job
market
each
year.
9.That
you
should
learn
is
how
to
write
down
the
most
important
words,
not
the
whole
sentence.
10.The
main
reason
for
this
was
because
my
mother
didn't
know
how
to
cook
anything
when
she
got
married.