专题07
介
词
和
介
词
短
语
易错题【01】more...than...
易错题【02】介词＋名词
短语
易错题【03】to为介词
01
more...than...
（2020·新课标I卷，语法填空，1.5分）The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
interest
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。
【问诊】句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more
so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
【答案】than
【叮嘱】more
than
与more
…than
短语在英语中使用得十分广泛。但其用法和意义并不简单，一不留神就可能用错。因为more
than
与more
…than
除了具备其基本用法外，还有些特殊用法。理解和翻译时要特别小心，不能一看到more
than就简单地按照字面上的意思将其理解为“比……更……”或“超过”等，而是要根据上下文找出more
than
短语的确切含义
more
than
相当于一个形容词或副词短语，在句中作定语或状语，修饰其后的动词、副词、数词或名词等。
一.??
more
than
的用法
1.
more
than
后跟数词，相当于over，翻译成“……多、超过……”等，强调某物数量上超出某一范围。
???
More
than
1,500
people
were
killed
in
the
earthquake.
地震中有一千五百多人遇难。
2.
more
than
后跟名词或动名词，相当于over,
not
just,
not
only，表示“不只是、不仅仅是”等。例如：
She
is
more
than
a
teacher
to
us,
she
is
our
friend.
他不只是教师，她还是我们的朋友。
3.
more
than后跟动词、形容词、副词、或介词，相当于very,
much,
not
only,
especially，表示“不仅、十分、非常、很、更加、非但”等。例如：
She
was
dressed
more
than
simply.
她的穿着简朴得近乎寒酸。
4.
more
than后跟从句，相当于not
only,
over等，表示“不仅仅是……、超过……、难以……、，简直不能……”等，从句中常用can或could。例如：
The
hurt
and
pain
were
more
than
he
could
stand.
他无法承受那些伤害和痛苦。
二.
more
than的否定结构
more
than的否定结构是no
more
than和not
more
than，但两者意义和用法各不相同。no
more
than后跟名词或数词，相当于only，表示“仅仅、只有”，含有嫌少的感彩；而not
more
than后跟名词或数词，相当于at
most,
no
less
than，表示“至多、不超过”，不含嫌少的感彩。例如：
We’ve
learned
no
more
than
9
lessons
this
term.
本学期我们只学了9课课文。（含有嫌少的感彩）
We
haven’t
learned
more
than
9
lessons
this
term.
本学期我们至多学了9课课文。（客观叙述，不含嫌少的感彩）
三.
more
…
than的用法
1.
more
…
than的基本用法
在more
…
than结构中，more是much或many的比较级，修饰形容词、副词、介词、动词或名词，相当于greater,
in
a
greater
degree，表示“比……更”，其前可以受a
lot,
much,
many,
far,
by
far,
a
little,
a
bit,
still等修饰，比较的两部分并不要求用完全相同的词类。例如：
?Sound
travels
much
more
slowly
than
light.
声音比光的传播慢得多。
?You
get
more
tired
when
you
lift
a
heavy
load
than
a
light
one.
挑东西多比挑东西少累人。
?
2.
more
…
than的特殊用法
more
…
than后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等，一般情况下，要求more后部分和than后部分词类相同，但偶尔也有例外。表示“与其说……不如说、是……不是、是……更是、有……无……”等。例如：
He
is
more
dead
than
alive.
与其说他还活在人世，不如说他是行尸走肉。
She
is
more
shy
than
unsocial.
她是害羞而不是不爱交际。
（2020·新课标II卷）Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more
64
decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
（翻译）How
he
manages
to
live
is
more
than
I
can
tell.
3.【2016·浙江】I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
in
the
coming
years
A.
little
more
B.
no
more
C.much
more
D.many
more
02
介词＋名词
短语
（2020年新课标全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空，1.5分）The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
70．
earth,
Mother
Nature.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对短语记忆不清。
【问诊】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
【答案】on
【叮嘱】
解题方法：分析句子成分,
如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。
介词＋名词
短语
1．at＋名词
at
a
loss
不知所措
at
dinner
在吃晚餐
at
peace
处于和平状态
at
dawn
在黎明
at
war
在战争中
at
work
在工作
2．其他高频介词短语
against
time
争分夺秒
at
the
sight
of
一看到……
at
the
age
of
在……岁时
in
(the)
face
of
面对；面临
in
addition(to)
另外；除了
in
case
of
万一
in
charge
of
负责；主管
in
favour
of
赞成；支持
in
need
of
需要
in
no
time
立刻
in
a
hurry
匆忙
in
preparation
for
为……做准备
in
return
for
作为回报
of
help/use
有帮助的/有用的
of
importance
重要的
on
behalf
of
代表
3．by＋名词
by
accident
偶然地
by
chance
偶然地
by
force
用暴力
by
hand
手工地
by
mistake
错误地
by
the
month
按月算
4．beyond＋名词
beyond
comparison
无与伦比
beyond
control
失控
beyond
description
难以描述
beyond
doubt
毋庸置疑
beyond
expression
难以表达
beyond(one's)
reach
够不到
5．in＋名词
in
bed
在床上
in
danger
处于危险中
in
debt
负债
in
difficulty
处于困难中
in
high
spirits
情绪高昂
in
need
处于困难中
in
order
整齐；井然有序
in
surprise
吃惊地
in
trouble
在困难中
in
use
使用中
6．on＋名词
on
a
trip
在旅行
on
business
出差
on
display/show
在展出
on
duty
在值班
on
holiday/vacation
在度假
on
sale
在出售
on
strike
在罢工
on
the
way
在途中
7．out
of＋名词
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
control
失去控制
out
of
danger
脱离危险
out
of
date
过期
out
of
order
出故障
out
of
work
失业
8．under＋名词
under
consideration
在考虑中
under
construction
在建造中
under
control
在控制之下
under
discussion
在讨论中
under
pressure
在压力下
under
repair
在修理中
under
treatment
在治疗中
1.（2020·江苏卷）Taking
on
this
challenge
will
bring
you
_____
someone
who
shares
your
interests.
A.
in
exchange
for
B.
in
answer
to
C.
in
contact
with
D.
in
memory
of
2.（2020·天津卷）For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
______
a
monkey.
A．in
the
shape
of
B．beyond
the
reach
of
C．at
the
mercy
of
D．on
the
side
of
3.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable
policies
are
___________
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
A.
in
effect
B.
in
command
C.
in
turn
D.
in
shape
4.【2019·新课标III卷】We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
___63___
dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
03
to为介词
（2020年浙江卷，语法填空，1.5分）But
can
uniforms
help
improve
school
standards?
The
answer
___61___
this
question
is
not
clear.
【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是记不清to为介词的场合。
【问诊】句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the
key/answer
to
...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
【答案】to
【叮嘱】
be
related
to
与…有关系
be/get/become
used
to
习惯于
be
given
to
喜欢；癖好
be
addicted
to
沉溺于；对…上瘾
be
opposed
to
反对
devote
oneself
to献身于；专心于
be
devoted
to
致力于；忠诚于
be
admitted
to
被…录取；准进入
be
reduced
to
沦为
reduce…to…使…沦为
be
attached
to附属于；喜欢；依恋
be
adjusted
to
适应
be
known
to
为…所知
be
married
to
和…结婚
be
sentenced
to被判处
be
connected
to
和…连在一起
be
exposed
to
暴露于；遭受
be
compared
to
被比喻成
compare…
to…把…比作…
be/become/
get
accustomed
to//accustomed
to
惯于；有…习惯
be
engaged
to
与…订婚
get
down
to
着手做
lead
to
导致
object
to反对；不喜欢；不赞成
put
one’s
mind
to全神贯注于
give
rise
to
引起
look
forward
to
盼望
pay
attention
to
注意
stick
to
坚持
attend
to
专心；注意；照料；
see
to
负责；注意
contribute
to对…作贡献；有助于
make
contributions
to对…作贡献
apply
oneself
to
致力于
come
close
to几乎；将近
reply
to
回答
add
to
增加
add
up
to
加起来
in
addition
to除…之外
turn
to转向；求助于
feel
up
to
能胜任于
look
up
to
尊敬
admit
to承认
belong
to
属于
take
to
喜爱；开始
cling
to
附着
fall
to
开始
respond
to
回答；对…作出回应
accustom
oneself
to
使自己习惯于
amount
to等于
set
an
example
to
给…树立榜样
refer
to
谈到；参考；查阅
agree
to
sth.
同意某事
（比较：agree
to
do
sth.
同意做某事）
prefer…
to…更喜欢
take/make
a
trip
to到…地方去
join…to…把…和
…连接起来turn
a
blind
eye
to对…视而不见
turn
a
deaf
ear
to
对…充耳不闻
show
honour
to向…表示敬意
put
an
end
to(bring…
to
an
end)
结束
drink
(a
toast)
to
为……干杯
propose
a
toast
to
提议……
set
fire
to
放火烧……
happen
to…
发生了……事
occur
to
sb.
想起；想到
total
up
to
总计达
be
close
to
几乎；将近
hold
to
坚持；抓住
help
oneself
to
随便用……
hold
on
to
抓住；固守
do
harm
to
对……有害处
do
wrong
to
冤枉某人
date
back
to
追溯到
come
to
来到；达到；结果为
(比较：come
to
do
sth逐渐做某事)
when
it
comes
to…
谈到……时
give
an
eye
to着眼于
have
an
eye
to
doing
打算
describe
to
向……描述
treat
sb.
to
sth.
请某人吃……
trust
sth.
to
sb.把某物委托给某人
pay
a
visit
to
参观……
the
key
to
……的答案
access
to
进入；取得的方法on
one’s
way
to
在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中
be
a
stranger
to
不习惯；对……陌生
be
kind
to
对……和善
be
important
to
对……重要
be
senior
to
年龄长于……
be
junior
to年龄小于……
be
equal
to
和……相等
be
particular
to
……所特有的
（比较：be
particular
about
对……过于讲究；挑剔）
be
subject
to
服从；隶属；易遭\受\患
be
familiar
to
为
……熟悉
be
similar
to
和……相似
be
open
to
对……开放
be
loyal
to
对……忠诚
be
helpful
to对……有益处
be
useful
to对……有用
be
good
to
sb对某人好
（比较：be
good
for
对……有益处）
be
bad
to
对……不好
be
bad
for（比较：对……有害处）
be
new
to
对……不习惯；对……陌生
next
to（否定词前）几乎；next
to
……的旁边
due
to
由于；归因于……
be
due
to
do
sth.预定要做某事
owing
to
由于；因……的缘故
thanks
to
多亏了；由于
as
to
关于；至于
in/with
regard
to
关于
in/with
relation
to
关于；就……而论
according
to
根据
subject
to
在……条件下；依照
The
engine
of
the
plane
was
out
of
order
and
the
thunderstorm
______
the
helplessness
of
the
pilot
in
the
sky.
A.
added
to
B.
made
up
C.led
to
D.
took
over
It
was
foolish
of
him
to
_______
his
notes
during
that
important
test,
and
as
a
result,
he
got
punished.
stick
to
B.
refer
to
C.
keep
to
D.
point
to
错
（2017·（全国Ⅰ））This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community(医学界)
____
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
effects
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease...
（2017·（全国Ⅱ））It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
____work.
（2017·(全国Ⅲ)）After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full-time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
____
engineering
or
architecture.
（2017·北京）Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
____the
fishing
industry.
（2017·天津）When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
____trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
（2017·全国Ⅱ改错）They
have
also
bought
for
some
gardening
tools.
（2017·全国Ⅲ
改错）When
I
look
at
this
picture
of
myself,
I
realize
of
how
fast
time
flies.
（2017·江苏）Determining
where
we
are
____
relation
to
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
（2017·天津）We
offer
an
excellent
education
to
our
students.
____
return,
we
expect
students
to
work
hard.
（2017·江苏）—What
does
the
stuff
on
your
T-shirt
mean?
—It’s
nothing.
Just
something
____
the
top
of
my
head.
11.（2017·（全国Ⅰ）改错）It
was
a
relief
and
I
came
to
a
sudden
stop
just
in
the
middle
on
the
road.
12.（2017·江苏）Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
brought____
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
13.（2017·天津）Mr.
and
Mrs.
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
settle____,
get
married,
and
have
kids.
语篇填空：
Passage
1
Qiang
Shuping
was
so
busy
making
cloth
shoes
__1__
she
didn't
even
rest
during
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
holiday.The
woman
from
Baipu
County,
Jiangsu
Province,
__2__
(make)
shoes
since
she
was
19
years
old,
and
this
year
marks
her
31st
year
making
cloth
shoes.
She
spends
the
entire
day
in
her
tiny
studio,
which
measures
less
than
10
square
meters
altogether,
filled
with
cloth
shoes
in
__3__
(vary)
stages
of
completion.
Nowadays,
many
stores
make
cloth
shoes
__4__
(use)
machines,
but
Qiang
sticks
to
the
technique
of
making
shoes
entirely
__5__
hand.She
says
the
shoes
__6__
(produce)
by
the
machine
are
not
of
the
same
quality
as
handmade
ones.The
handmade
cloth
shoes
are
more
durable
and
comfortable,
__7__
(soft),
and
absorb
sweat
better.
Some
people
buy
cloth
shoes
out
of
nostalgia(怀旧),
while
__8__trust
their
quality.Making
shoes
isn't
__9__
profitable
job,
but
Qiang
still
insists
as
she
wants
to
preserve
the
craft
and
pass
it
down
to
the
younger
generation.
Handmade
cloth
shoes
are
also
called
qiancengdi
(shoes
with
a
thousand
layers)，__10__
can
date
back
to
the
ancient
Zhou
Dynasty.In
2009,
the
making
technique
of
qiancengdi
was
listed
as
the
national
intangible
cultural
heritage.
Passage
2
The
State
Hermitage
Museum
in
St.Petersburg,
is
___1__
second
largest
art
museum
in
the
world
after
the
Louvre,
France,
both
of
which
are
visited
by
millions
of
people
___2__(annual)．Hermitage
holds
not
only
artistic
treasures
but
also
a
collection
of
living
history
__3__
well.
The
Hermitage
was
built
as
part
of
the
royal
Russian
family's
Winter
Palace.Empress
Elizabeth
had
cats
brought
in
___4__(rid)
the
several
palace
buildings
of
mice.The
cats
did
their
job
well
and
__5__(give)
homes
in
the
basements
of
the
buildings
and
the
title
of
Hermitage
cats.
The
74
Hermitage
cats
live
at
the
museum
__6__
they
now
lead
an
extremely
__7__(comfort)
life.A
press
secretary
is
in
charge
of
the
cats,
with
three
full?time
caretakers
__8__(attend)
to
their
every
need.There
are
even
kitchens
for
preparing
meals
for
the
cats
because
every
cat
has
its
own
__9__(prefer)．This
may
all
seem
over
the
top,
but
Russian
and
foreign
__10__(visit)
alike
love
seeing
the
Hermitage
cats
while
admiring
some
of
the
world's
greatest
artistic
treasures.专题07
介
词
和
介
词
短
语
易错题【01】more...than...
易错题【02】介词＋名词
短语
易错题【03】to为介词
01
more...than...
（2020·新课标I卷，语法填空，1.5分）The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
interest
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。
【问诊】句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more
so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
【答案】than
【叮嘱】more
than
与more
…than
短语在英语中使用得十分广泛。但其用法和意义并不简单，一不留神就可能用错。因为more
than
与more
…than
除了具备其基本用法外，还有些特殊用法。理解和翻译时要特别小心，不能一看到more
than就简单地按照字面上的意思将其理解为“比……更……”或“超过”等，而是要根据上下文找出more
than
短语的确切含义
more
than
相当于一个形容词或副词短语，在句中作定语或状语，修饰其后的动词、副词、数词或名词等。
一.??
more
than
的用法
1.
more
than
后跟数词，相当于over，翻译成“……多、超过……”等，强调某物数量上超出某一范围。
???
More
than
1,500
people
were
killed
in
the
earthquake.
地震中有一千五百多人遇难。
2.
more
than
后跟名词或动名词，相当于over,
not
just,
not
only，表示“不只是、不仅仅是”等。例如：
She
is
more
than
a
teacher
to
us,
she
is
our
friend.
他不只是教师，她还是我们的朋友。
3.
more
than后跟动词、形容词、副词、或介词，相当于very,
much,
not
only,
especially，表示“不仅、十分、非常、很、更加、非但”等。例如：
She
was
dressed
more
than
simply.
她的穿着简朴得近乎寒酸。
4.
more
than后跟从句，相当于not
only,
over等，表示“不仅仅是……、超过……、难以……、，简直不能……”等，从句中常用can或could。例如：
The
hurt
and
pain
were
more
than
he
could
stand.
他无法承受那些伤害和痛苦。
二.
more
than的否定结构
more
than的否定结构是no
more
than和not
more
than，但两者意义和用法各不相同。no
more
than后跟名词或数词，相当于only，表示“仅仅、只有”，含有嫌少的感彩；而not
more
than后跟名词或数词，相当于at
most,
no
less
than，表示“至多、不超过”，不含嫌少的感彩。例如：
We’ve
learned
no
more
than
9
lessons
this
term.
本学期我们只学了9课课文。（含有嫌少的感彩）
We
haven’t
learned
more
than
9
lessons
this
term.
本学期我们至多学了9课课文。（客观叙述，不含嫌少的感彩）
三.
more
…
than的用法
1.
more
…
than的基本用法
在more
…
than结构中，more是much或many的比较级，修饰形容词、副词、介词、动词或名词，相当于greater,
in
a
greater
degree，表示“比……更”，其前可以受a
lot,
much,
many,
far,
by
far,
a
little,
a
bit,
still等修饰，比较的两部分并不要求用完全相同的词类。例如：
?Sound
travels
much
more
slowly
than
light.
声音比光的传播慢得多。
?You
get
more
tired
when
you
lift
a
heavy
load
than
a
light
one.
挑东西多比挑东西少累人。
?
2.
more
…
than的特殊用法
more
…
than后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等，一般情况下，要求more后部分和than后部分词类相同，但偶尔也有例外。表示“与其说……不如说、是……不是、是……更是、有……无……”等。例如：
He
is
more
dead
than
alive.
与其说他还活在人世，不如说他是行尸走肉。
She
is
more
shy
than
unsocial.
她是害羞而不是不爱交际。
1.（2020·新课标II卷）Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more
64
decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more
than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
（翻译）How
he
manages
to
live
is
more
than
I
can
tell.
【答案】他是如何生活的，我猜不透。
3.【2016·浙江】I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
in
the
coming
years
A.
little
more
B.
no
more
C.much
more
D.many
more
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。A.没有这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D.
many
more更多（修饰可数名词）。这里修饰的是上文的activities。故选D。
02
介词＋名词
短语
（2020年新课标全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空，1.5分）The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
70．
earth,
Mother
Nature.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对短语记忆不清。
【问诊】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
【答案】on
【叮嘱】
解题方法：分析句子成分,
如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。
介词＋名词
短语
1．at＋名词
at
a
loss
不知所措
at
dinner
在吃晚餐
at
peace
处于和平状态
at
dawn
在黎明
at
war
在战争中
at
work
在工作
2．其他高频介词短语
against
time
争分夺秒
at
the
sight
of
一看到……
at
the
age
of
在……岁时
in
(the)
face
of
面对；面临
in
addition(to)
另外；除了
in
case
of
万一
in
charge
of
负责；主管
in
favour
of
赞成；支持
in
need
of
需要
in
no
time
立刻
in
a
hurry
匆忙
in
preparation
for
为……做准备
in
return
for
作为回报
of
help/use
有帮助的/有用的
of
importance
重要的
on
behalf
of
代表
3．by＋名词
by
accident
偶然地
by
chance
偶然地
by
force
用暴力
by
hand
手工地
by
mistake
错误地
by
the
month
按月算
4．beyond＋名词
beyond
comparison
无与伦比
beyond
control
失控
beyond
description
难以描述
beyond
doubt
毋庸置疑
beyond
expression
难以表达
beyond(one's)
reach
够不到
5．in＋名词
in
bed
在床上
in
danger
处于危险中
in
debt
负债
in
difficulty
处于困难中
in
high
spirits
情绪高昂
in
need
处于困难中
in
order
整齐；井然有序
in
surprise
吃惊地
in
trouble
在困难中
in
use
使用中
6．on＋名词
on
a
trip
在旅行
on
business
出差
on
display/show
在展出
on
duty
在值班
on
holiday/vacation
在度假
on
sale
在出售
on
strike
在罢工
on
the
way
在途中
7．out
of＋名词
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
control
失去控制
out
of
danger
脱离危险
out
of
date
过期
out
of
order
出故障
out
of
work
失业
8．under＋名词
under
consideration
在考虑中
under
construction
在建造中
under
control
在控制之下
under
discussion
在讨论中
under
pressure
在压力下
under
repair
在修理中
under
treatment
在治疗中
1.（2020·江苏卷）Taking
on
this
challenge
will
bring
you
_____
someone
who
shares
your
interests.
A.
in
exchange
for
B.
in
answer
to
C.
in
contact
with
D.
in
memory
of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A.
in
exchange
for作为交换；B.
in
answer
to回答；C.
in
contact
with接触，与……有联系；D.
in
memory
of纪念。根据空后someone
who
shares
your
interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
2.（2020·天津卷）For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
______
a
monkey.
A．in
the
shape
of
B．beyond
the
reach
of
C．at
the
mercy
of
D．on
the
side
of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A.
in
the
shape
of呈……形状；B.
beyond
the
reach
of超出……的能力之外C.
at
the
mercy
of
受……的支配；D.
on
the
side
of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
3.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable
policies
are
___________
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
A.
in
effect
B.
in
command
C.
in
turn
D.
in
shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.
in
effect实际上；B.
in
command指挥；C.
in
turn轮流，依次；D.
in
shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
4.【2019·新课标III卷】We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
___63___
dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a
pack
of”意为“一群”。故填of。
03
to为介词
（2020年浙江卷，语法填空，1.5分）But
can
uniforms
help
improve
school
standards?
The
answer
___61___
this
question
is
not
clear.
【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是记不清to为介词的场合。
【问诊】句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the
key/answer
to
...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
【答案】to
【叮嘱】
be
related
to
与…有关系
be/get/become
used
to
习惯于
be
given
to
喜欢；癖好
be
addicted
to
沉溺于；对…上瘾
be
opposed
to
反对
devote
oneself
to献身于；专心于
be
devoted
to
致力于；忠诚于
be
admitted
to
被…录取；准进入
be
reduced
to
沦为
reduce…to…使…沦为
be
attached
to附属于；喜欢；依恋
be
adjusted
to
适应
be
known
to
为…所知
be
married
to
和…结婚
be
sentenced
to被判处
be
connected
to
和…连在一起
be
exposed
to
暴露于；遭受
be
compared
to
被比喻成
compare…
to…把…比作…
be/become/
get
accustomed
to//accustomed
to
惯于；有…习惯
be
engaged
to
与…订婚
get
down
to
着手做
lead
to
导致
object
to反对；不喜欢；不赞成
put
one’s
mind
to全神贯注于
give
rise
to
引起
look
forward
to
盼望
pay
attention
to
注意
stick
to
坚持
attend
to
专心；注意；照料；
see
to
负责；注意
contribute
to对…作贡献；有助于
make
contributions
to对…作贡献
apply
oneself
to
致力于
come
close
to几乎；将近
reply
to
回答
add
to
增加
add
up
to
加起来
in
addition
to除…之外
turn
to转向；求助于
feel
up
to
能胜任于
look
up
to
尊敬
admit
to承认
belong
to
属于
take
to
喜爱；开始
cling
to
附着
fall
to
开始
respond
to
回答；对…作出回应
accustom
oneself
to
使自己习惯于
amount
to等于
set
an
example
to
给…树立榜样
refer
to
谈到；参考；查阅
agree
to
sth.
同意某事
（比较：agree
to
do
sth.
同意做某事）
prefer…
to…更喜欢
take/make
a
trip
to到…地方去
join…to…把…和
…连接起来turn
a
blind
eye
to对…视而不见
turn
a
deaf
ear
to
对…充耳不闻
show
honour
to向…表示敬意
put
an
end
to(bring…
to
an
end)
结束
drink
(a
toast)
to
为……干杯
propose
a
toast
to
提议……
set
fire
to
放火烧……
happen
to…
发生了……事
occur
to
sb.
想起；想到
total
up
to
总计达
be
close
to
几乎；将近
hold
to
坚持；抓住
help
oneself
to
随便用……
hold
on
to
抓住；固守
do
harm
to
对……有害处
do
wrong
to
冤枉某人
date
back
to
追溯到
come
to
来到；达到；结果为
(比较：come
to
do
sth逐渐做某事)
when
it
comes
to…
谈到……时
give
an
eye
to着眼于
have
an
eye
to
doing
打算
describe
to
向……描述
treat
sb.
to
sth.
请某人吃……
trust
sth.
to
sb.把某物委托给某人
pay
a
visit
to
参观……
the
key
to
……的答案
access
to
进入；取得的方法on
one’s
way
to
在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中
be
a
stranger
to
不习惯；对……陌生
be
kind
to
对……和善
be
important
to
对……重要
be
senior
to
年龄长于……
be
junior
to年龄小于……
be
equal
to
和……相等
be
particular
to
……所特有的
（比较：be
particular
about
对……过于讲究；挑剔）
be
subject
to
服从；隶属；易遭\受\患
be
familiar
to
为
……熟悉
be
similar
to
和……相似
be
open
to
对……开放
be
loyal
to
对……忠诚
be
helpful
to对……有益处
be
useful
to对……有用
be
good
to
sb对某人好
（比较：be
good
for
对……有益处）
be
bad
to
对……不好
be
bad
for（比较：对……有害处）
be
new
to
对……不习惯；对……陌生
next
to（否定词前）几乎；next
to
……的旁边
due
to
由于；归因于……
be
due
to
do
sth.预定要做某事
owing
to
由于；因……的缘故
thanks
to
多亏了；由于
as
to
关于；至于
in/with
regard
to
关于
in/with
relation
to
关于；就……而论
according
to
根据
subject
to
在……条件下；依照
The
engine
of
the
plane
was
out
of
order
and
the
thunderstorm
______
the
helplessness
of
the
pilot
in
the
sky.
A.
added
to
B.
made
up
C.led
to
D.
took
over
【答案】A
【解析】句意：飞机的引擎坏了,雷雨加深了飞行员在天空中的无助。add
to
加入，增加到
lead
to
导致，通向
It
was
foolish
of
him
to
_______
his
notes
during
that
important
test,
and
as
a
result,
he
got
punished.
stick
to
B.
refer
to
C.
keep
to
D.
point
to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他愚蠢地在这么重要的测试上翻笔记,因此,他得到了惩罚。
A.stick
to
坚持
B.
refer
to
参考
C.
keep
to
坚持，遵守
D.
point
to
指向
错
（2017·（全国Ⅰ））This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community(医学界)
____
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
effects
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease...
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示"作为一种抵御心脏病的方式"，所以填as，意为"作为"。
（2017·（全国Ⅱ））It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
____work.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。此处是指"当他们来回上下班时"。
（2017·(全国Ⅲ)）After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full-time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
____
engineering
or
architecture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。
（2017·北京）Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
____the
fishing
industry.
【答案】in
【解析】句意：沿海地区的许多人靠渔业为生。根据句意，空处用in表示"在……方面"。
（2017·天津）When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
____trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
【答案】among
【解析】句意：当你开车穿行于加利福尼亚州的红木森林时，你就会被有一千多年树龄的树木包围着。这里用介词among表示?"在……?中"，与前面的through
the
Redwood
Forests呼应。
（2017·全国Ⅱ改错）They
have
also
bought
for
some
gardening
tools.
【答案】去掉for
【解析】考查介词。buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而buy
sth.
for
sb.意为"为某人买某物"。
7.（2017·全国Ⅲ
改错）When
I
look
at
this
picture
of
myself,
I
realize
of
how
fast
time
flies.
【答案】删除of
【解析】考查介词。realize后接宾语从句，介词of多余。
（2017·江苏）Determining
where
we
are
____
relation
to
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
【答案】in
【解析】in
relation
to
"关于，相对某事物而言"，符合句意。
（2017·天津）We
offer
an
excellent
education
to
our
students.
____
return,
we
expect
students
to
work
hard.
【答案】In
【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意，这里用介词短语In
return表示"作为回报"。
（2017·江苏）—What
does
the
stuff
on
your
T-shirt
mean?
—It’s
nothing.
Just
something
____
the
top
of
my
head.
【答案】off
【解析】
题干中的"It’s
nothing"说明T恤衫上的东西不是经过精心设计的，因此用off
the
top
of
my
head表示
"不假思索地"。
11.（2017·（全国Ⅰ）改错）It
was
a
relief
and
I
came
to
a
sudden
stop
just
in
the
middle
on
the
road.
【答案】on→of
【解析】考查固定搭配。in
the
middle
of
意为"在……的中间"，故把on改为of。
（2017·江苏）Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
brought____
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
【答案】out
【解析】
句意：在非洲参与的医疗队工作彰显了她作为一名医生的最好的一面。bring
out
"使显现，使表现出"，符合句意。
（2017·天津）Mr.
and
Mrs.
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
settle____,
get
married,
and
have
kids.
【答案】down
【解析】句意：Brown夫妇希望看到女儿安定下来，结婚生子。空处应与后面的"get
married,
and
have
kids"语意衔接，故用settle
down表示"安顿下来"。
语篇填空：
Passage
1
Qiang
Shuping
was
so
busy
making
cloth
shoes
__1__
she
didn't
even
rest
during
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
holiday.The
woman
from
Baipu
County,
Jiangsu
Province,
__2__
(make)
shoes
since
she
was
19
years
old,
and
this
year
marks
her
31st
year
making
cloth
shoes.
She
spends
the
entire
day
in
her
tiny
studio,
which
measures
less
than
10
square
meters
altogether,
filled
with
cloth
shoes
in
__3__
(vary)
stages
of
completion.
Nowadays,
many
stores
make
cloth
shoes
__4__
(use)
machines,
but
Qiang
sticks
to
the
technique
of
making
shoes
entirely
__5__
hand.She
says
the
shoes
__6__
(produce)
by
the
machine
are
not
of
the
same
quality
as
handmade
ones.The
handmade
cloth
shoes
are
more
durable
and
comfortable,
__7__
(soft),
and
absorb
sweat
better.
Some
people
buy
cloth
shoes
out
of
nostalgia(怀旧),
while
__8__trust
their
quality.Making
shoes
isn't
__9__
profitable
job,
but
Qiang
still
insists
as
she
wants
to
preserve
the
craft
and
pass
it
down
to
the
younger
generation.
Handmade
cloth
shoes
are
also
called
qiancengdi
(shoes
with
a
thousand
layers)，__10__
can
date
back
to
the
ancient
Zhou
Dynasty.In
2009,
the
making
technique
of
qiancengdi
was
listed
as
the
national
intangible
cultural
heritage.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了强淑萍手工做布鞋的故事，并介绍了布鞋的特点以及布鞋的悠久历史。
1．that 考查固定搭配。so
...that
...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。强淑萍忙着做布鞋以至于甚至在端午节假期期间她都没有休息。故填that。
2．has
made/has
been
making 考查时态。根据“since
she
was
19
years
old，”可知，她从19岁开始做布鞋，一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，故用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填has
made/has
been
making。
3．various 考查形容词。空处修饰名词stages。故用形容词形式。装满了处在不同的完工阶段的布鞋。故填various。
4．using 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“many
stores”和动词use之间为主谓关系，use的动作伴随make动作而发生，故用现在分词。如今，许多商店用机器制造布鞋。故填using。
5．by 考查介词。固定搭配：by
hand手工。但强淑萍坚持完全用手工技术制作鞋子。故填by。
6．produced 考查非谓语动词。名词shoes
和produce
之间是动宾关系，该处表示动作已经完成，故用过去分词作后置定语。她说机器生产的鞋子和手工制作的鞋质量不一样。故填produced。
7．softer 考查形容词比较级。根据前面的“more
durable”和后面的better可知此处用比较级。手工布鞋更耐用舒适，柔软，吸收汗水更好。故填softer。
8．others 考查代词。这里others
和前面的“some
people”对比使用，表示“有些”的意思。而一些人则相信它们的品质。故填others。
9．a 考查冠词。名词job为单数可数名词，故前用不定冠词a。做鞋子不是赚钱的工作。故填a。
10．which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为qiancengdi，故用which引导该定语从句。手工布鞋也称为“千层底”，可以追溯到古代的周朝。故填which。
Passage
2
The
State
Hermitage
Museum
in
St.Petersburg,
is
___1__
second
largest
art
museum
in
the
world
after
the
Louvre,
France,
both
of
which
are
visited
by
millions
of
people
___2__(annual)．Hermitage
holds
not
only
artistic
treasures
but
also
a
collection
of
living
history
__3__
well.
The
Hermitage
was
built
as
part
of
the
royal
Russian
family's
Winter
Palace.Empress
Elizabeth
had
cats
brought
in
___4__(rid)
the
several
palace
buildings
of
mice.The
cats
did
their
job
well
and
__5__(give)
homes
in
the
basements
of
the
buildings
and
the
title
of
Hermitage
cats.
The
74
Hermitage
cats
live
at
the
museum
__6__
they
now
lead
an
extremely
__7__(comfort)
life.A
press
secretary
is
in
charge
of
the
cats,
with
three
full?time
caretakers
__8__(attend)
to
their
every
need.There
are
even
kitchens
for
preparing
meals
for
the
cats
because
every
cat
has
its
own
__9__(prefer)．This
may
all
seem
over
the
top,
but
Russian
and
foreign
__10__(visit)
alike
love
seeing
the
Hermitage
cats
while
admiring
some
of
the
world's
greatest
artistic
treasures.
1．the 考查冠词。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆是继法国卢浮宫之后世界第二大艺术博物馆，每年都有数以百万计的游客参观。“the＋序数词”表示“第几”。故填the。
2．annually 考查副词。句意参见上题解析。修饰动词应用副词形式，故填annually。
3．as 考查固定短语。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆不仅收藏着艺术珍品，还收藏着活的历史。as
well“也，和”为固定短语，置于句末。故填as。
4．to
rid 考查非谓语动词。句意：伊丽莎白女王让人把猫带进宫殿，来消灭几座宫殿里的老鼠。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。
5．were
given 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这些猫干得很好，它们被安置在大楼的地下室里，并被授予“冬宫奇猫”的称号。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，主语cats与谓语动词give之间为被动关系。故填were
given。
6．where 考查定语从句。句意：74只冬宫猫生活在博物馆里，它们现在过着极其舒适的生活。分析句子可知，museum为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
7．comfortable 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。修饰名词life，应用形容词形式，故填comfortable。
8．attending 考查非谓语动词。句意：负责这些猫的是一位新闻秘书，有三位全职的看护人员负责照顾它们的一切需要。分析句子可知，本句为with的复合结构，在句中作状语，three
full?time
caretakers与attend在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词attending。
9．preference 考查词性转换。句意：甚至还有厨房为猫们准备食物，因为每一只猫都有它自己的喜好。own为形容词修饰名词，故填preference。
10．visitors 考查名词复数。句意：这一切看起来似乎都有些夸张，但俄罗斯人和外国游客都喜欢在欣赏一些世界上最伟大的艺术作品的同时，欣赏冬宫猫。分析句意可知，本句在说俄罗斯人和外国游客，所以应填visitor。又因为visitor为可数名词，在本句中指很多的游客，故填visitors。
