专题05
主谓一致
易错题【01】不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
易错题【02】单复数视情况而定
易错题【03】固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
01
不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
（2020年全国Ⅱ，语法填空，1.5分）This
is
why
decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers
__________
(carry)
special
significance.
【警示】本题容易
出错的主要原因是主谓一致难点没有关注。
【问诊】不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装修具有特殊的意义。在why引导的表语从句中动名词短语decorating...flowers作主语，谓语动词用单数，并且此处讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时，所以填carries.
【答案】?carries
单复数视情况而定
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast
food
________
(be)
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
eating
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
【警示】本题容易
出错的主要原因是忽略此处主语的特殊性。
【问诊】
集体名词food、class、
family、
army、
team、
club、
company、
population、
enemy、
party、
crowd、
crew、
audience、
committee、
government、
majority、
group等强调整体时谓语用单数，指个体成员时谓语用复数
【答案】
is
【叮嘱】
原则
主语
谓语
语法
一致
原则
单数
单数
复数
复数
就近
一致
原则
由or、
either
...
or
...、
neither
...
nor
...、
not
only
...
but
(also)
...、
not
...
but
...等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致
由there、
here引起的主语不止一个时
意义
一致
原则
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现
单数
no/each/every/many
a＋单数名词＋and
(＋no/each/every/many
a)＋单数名词
one/every
one/each/either/the
number
of/the
variety
of＋复数名词
clothing、
furniture、
traffic、
jewellery、
baggage、
equipment、
luggage等无生命的集体名词
以－s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表示一个整体概念
由every－、
any－、
some－、
no－和－one、
－thing、
－body等构成的不定代词
动名词、动词不定式和名词性从句
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
复数
people、
police、
cattle等有生命的集体名词
一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods、
stairs、
arms等
山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以－s结尾的专有名词
集体名词food、class、
family、
army、
team、
club、
company、
population、
enemy、
party、
crowd、
crew、
audience、
committee、
government、
majority、
group等强调整体时谓语用单数，指个体成员时谓语用复数
单复
数视
情况
而定
单复数同形的名词，如means、
deer、
fish、
sheep等
all、
none、
some、
any等不定代词
“half/most/enough/part/the
rest/the
last/lots/
plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”做主语，谓语要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致
（2020年浙江7月，语法填空，1.5分）And,
as
more
children
were
born,
more
food
_______________
(need).
His
family
________________
(move)
to
the
south.
03
固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
(2017·天津高考)Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
________
(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all－round
forms
of
exercise.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是涉及主谓一致的短语没有关注。
【问诊】句意：如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样，被看作是一种最好的全能运动形式。主语与regard是被动关系，应用被动语态。句子主语部分是“A
along
with
B”结构，因此谓语动词的数与A一致，即与cycling一致，故谓语用单数形式，填is
regarded。
【答案】is
regarded
【叮嘱】固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
(1)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with、
together
with、
as
well
as、
along
with、
besides、
like、
but、
except、
including、
rather
than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
·The
leader
and
artist
as
well
as
some
of
our
English
teachers
was
given
a
chance
to
go
abroad
last
year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
(2)many
a、
more
than
one后加可数名词的单数形式，谓语动词用单数。
·More
than
one
student
gets
involved
in
the
activity.
不止一个学生参加了这个活动。
(3)a
quantity
of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。quantities
of后无论是复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
·A
quantity
of
time
has
been
wasted
on
the
project.
＝Quantities
of
time
have
been
wasted
on
the
project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
(4)“a
number
of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the
number
of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
(5)在定语从句中，关系代词做主语，其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但“one
of＋复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the
(only/very)
one
of＋复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。
(6)what引导的从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数含义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
·What
he
said
is
far
from
the
truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
·What
the
school
needs
are
qualified
teachers.
这个学校需要的是有能力的教师。
1．Since
the
United
Nations
declared
June
21
as
the
International
Day
of
Yoga
in
2014,
a
number
of
cities
in
China
________
(start)
hosting
international
yoga
festivals.
2.(2019天津,8)Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
????(give)
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
错
(2019江苏,33)They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals ?????(install)
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
(2019·全国卷III)On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,we
___69___(invite)to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars
(2018北京,9)A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
??
?
?(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
(2018天津,13)My
washing
machine
??
?
(repair)this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
(2018江苏,30)I
was
sent
to
the
village
last
month
to
see
how
the
development
plan
??
?
?(carry)
out
in
the
past
two
years.
（2017·江苏）The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
____
(be)
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens’
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
（2016?全国Ⅱ））If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work,
you
should
take
a
step
back...Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
____
(be)
often
acceptable.
（2016?(全国Ⅲ)）Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
(be)
too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
（2015?湖南）It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
____（be）
a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
____
(take)
years
to
achieve.
（2014?新课标全国Ⅰ）...for
most
of
us
the
____
(change)
are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,
like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river...
（2014?湖南）All
we
need
____
(be)
a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
（2013?湖南）The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
____(be)
around
＄8,450
a
year,
which
____
(be)
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
（2013?江苏）Generally,
students'
inner
motivation
with
high
expectations
from
others
____
(be)
essential
to
their
development.
（2013?福建）The
famous
musician,
as
well
as
his
students,
____
(invite)
to
perform
at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo.
（2012?湖南）All
the
scientific
evidence
____
(show)that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
____
(be)damaging
our
health.
（2012?陕西）The
basketball
coach,
as
well
as
his
team,
____
(be)interviewed
shortly
after
the
match
for
their
outstanding
performance.
（2014?新课标全国Ⅱ改错）My
dream
school
look
like
a
big
garden.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you'll
feel
a
real
sense
of
achievement.
Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
________
(be)
often
acceptable.
(广东高考)He
made
cheese
and
butter
for
the
family
with
what
________
(leave)．
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ改错)The
classroom
is
a
place
for
learning
and
that
include
leaning
from
textbooks,
and
mistakes
as
well.________
(浙江高考)He
would
ask
who
we
was
and
pretend
not
to
know
us.
________专题05
主谓一致
易错题【01】不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
易错题【02】单复数视情况而定
易错题【03】固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
01
不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
（2020年全国Ⅱ，语法填空，1.5分）This
is
why
decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers
__________
(carry)
special
significance.
【警示】本题容易
出错的主要原因是主谓一致难点没有关注。
【问诊】不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装修具有特殊的意义。在why引导的表语从句中动名词短语decorating...flowers作主语，谓语动词用单数，并且此处讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时，所以填carries.
【答案】?carries
单复数视情况而定
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast
food
________
(be)
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
eating
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
【警示】本题容易
出错的主要原因是忽略此处主语的特殊性。
【问诊】
集体名词food、class、
family、
army、
team、
club、
company、
population、
enemy、
party、
crowd、
crew、
audience、
committee、
government、
majority、
group等强调整体时谓语用单数，指个体成员时谓语用复数
【答案】
is
【叮嘱】
原则
主语
谓语
语法
一致
原则
单数
单数
复数
复数
就近
一致
原则
由or、
either
...
or
...、
neither
...
nor
...、
not
only
...
but
(also)
...、
not
...
but
...等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致
由there、
here引起的主语不止一个时
意义
一致
原则
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现
单数
no/each/every/many
a＋单数名词＋and
(＋no/each/every/many
a)＋单数名词
one/every
one/each/either/the
number
of/the
variety
of＋复数名词
clothing、
furniture、
traffic、
jewellery、
baggage、
equipment、
luggage等无生命的集体名词
以－s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表示一个整体概念
由every－、
any－、
some－、
no－和－one、
－thing、
－body等构成的不定代词
动名词、动词不定式和名词性从句
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
复数
people、
police、
cattle等有生命的集体名词
一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods、
stairs、
arms等
山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以－s结尾的专有名词
集体名词food、class、
family、
army、
team、
club、
company、
population、
enemy、
party、
crowd、
crew、
audience、
committee、
government、
majority、
group等强调整体时谓语用单数，指个体成员时谓语用复数
单复
数视
情况
而定
单复数同形的名词，如means、
deer、
fish、
sheep等
all、
none、
some、
any等不定代词
“half/most/enough/part/the
rest/the
last/lots/
plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”做主语，谓语要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致
1.（2020年浙江7月，语法填空，1.5分）And,
as
more
children
were
born,
more
food
_______________
(need).
【答案】was
needed
【解析】句意：与此同时，随着越来越多的孩子们出生，更多的食物被需要。
His
family
________________
(move)
to
the
south.
【答案】has
moved
【解析】句意：他的家搬到南方。此处family
指家庭，谓语动词用复数。如果指成员则用单数，例如：My
family
are
all
looking
forward
to
your
coming.
我的家人都在期待着你的到来。
03
固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
(2017·天津高考)Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
________
(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all－round
forms
of
exercise.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是涉及主谓一致的短语没有关注。
【问诊】句意：如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样，被看作是一种最好的全能运动形式。主语与regard是被动关系，应用被动语态。句子主语部分是“A
along
with
B”结构，因此谓语动词的数与A一致，即与cycling一致，故谓语用单数形式，填is
regarded。
【答案】is
regarded
【叮嘱】固定搭配中的主谓一致问题
(1)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with、
together
with、
as
well
as、
along
with、
besides、
like、
but、
except、
including、
rather
than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
·The
leader
and
artist
as
well
as
some
of
our
English
teachers
was
given
a
chance
to
go
abroad
last
year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
(2)many
a、
more
than
one后加可数名词的单数形式，谓语动词用单数。
·More
than
one
student
gets
involved
in
the
activity.
不止一个学生参加了这个活动。
(3)a
quantity
of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。quantities
of后无论是复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
·A
quantity
of
time
has
been
wasted
on
the
project.
＝Quantities
of
time
have
been
wasted
on
the
project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
(4)“a
number
of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the
number
of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
(5)在定语从句中，关系代词做主语，其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但“one
of＋复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the
(only/very)
one
of＋复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。
(6)what引导的从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数含义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
·What
he
said
is
far
from
the
truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
·What
the
school
needs
are
qualified
teachers.
这个学校需要的是有能力的教师。
1．Since
the
United
Nations
declared
June
21
as
the
International
Day
of
Yoga
in
2014,
a
number
of
cities
in
China
________
(start)
hosting
international
yoga
festivals.
【答案】 have
started
【解析】
since引导的时间状语从句谓语是一般过去时，故主句谓语用现在完成时，“a
number
of
＋复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数形式，填have
started。
2.(2019天津,8)Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
????(give)
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
【答案】was
given
【解析】句意:上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据句中时间状语last
week可知,此处需用一般过去时;当主语后面出现as
well
as,
with,
together
with,
along
with,
instead
of,
rather
than等词语时句子的谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。本句的主语为Amy且与动词give构成被动关系,故答案为was
given。
错
(2019江苏,33)They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals ?????(install)
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
(2019·全国卷III)On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,we
___69___(invite)to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars
(2018北京,9)A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
??
?
?(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
(2018天津,13)My
washing
machine
??
?
(repair)this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
(2018江苏,30)I
was
sent
to
the
village
last
month
to
see
how
the
development
plan
??
?
?(carry)
out
in
the
past
two
years.
（2017·江苏）The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
____
(be)
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens’
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
（2016?全国Ⅱ））If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work,
you
should
take
a
step
back...Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
____
(be)
often
acceptable.
（2016?(全国Ⅲ)）Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
(be)
too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
（2015?湖南）It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
____（be）
a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
____
(take)
years
to
achieve.
（2014?新课标全国Ⅰ）...for
most
of
us
the
____
(change)
are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,
like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river...
（2014?湖南）All
we
need
____
(be)
a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
（2013?湖南）The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
____(be)
around
＄8,450
a
year,
which
____
(be)
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
（2013?江苏）Generally,
students'
inner
motivation
with
high
expectations
from
others
____
(be)
essential
to
their
development.
（2013?福建）The
famous
musician,
as
well
as
his
students,
____
(invite)
to
perform
at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo.
（2012?湖南）All
the
scientific
evidence
____
(show)that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
____
(be)damaging
our
health.
（2012?陕西）The
basketball
coach,
as
well
as
his
team,
____
(be)interviewed
shortly
after
the
match
for
their
outstanding
performance.
（2014?新课标全国Ⅱ改错）My
dream
school
look
like
a
big
garden.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you'll
feel
a
real
sense
of
achievement.
Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
________
(be)
often
acceptable.
(广东高考)He
made
cheese
and
butter
for
the
family
with
what
________
(leave)．
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ改错)The
classroom
is
a
place
for
learning
and
that
include
leaning
from
textbooks,
and
mistakes
as
well.________
(浙江高考)He
would
ask
who
we
was
and
pretend
not
to
know
us.
________
答案：
will
have
been
installed 句意:他们正在努力确保到2022年时为北京冬奥会安装5G信号终端。根据时间状语by
2022可知谓语动词应该用将来完成时,5G
terminals与install之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。
were
invited
考查动词的时态和语态。由“on
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were
invited。
had
been
trapped 句意:一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天的游客。根据句中主句的谓语动词risked可知事情发生在过去,而“被困”发生在risked之前,故用过去完成时。定语从句的先行词是two
tourists,与从句的谓语动词trap之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
is
being
repaired 句意:本周我的洗衣机正在维修中,因此我不得不用手洗我的衣服。根据后面“用手洗我的衣服”可知这里表示“洗衣机正在维修中”,故用现在进行时;My
washing
machine与repair为被动关系,需用被动语态。因此,设空处需用现在进行时的被动语态。
had
been
carried 句意:上个月我被派到这个村子来检查那个发展计划在过去的两年中的实施情况。考查动词的时态和语态。设空处表示的动作应该发生在主句谓语动词was
sent之前,属于“过去的过去”,且表示被动,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
was
分析句子结构可知，which指代Great
Expectations这本书,
故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。
.is
考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语"Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow"，故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。
【知识拓展】当动名词和不定式在句中充当主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
were
考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的"believed"可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时；从句主语为knives,谓语动词应用复数。故填were。
is;takes
句意：成功是每一天做出的小小的努力的总和，而且常常需要很多年才能获得成功，记住这一点是重要的。that引导的宾语从句的主语是抽象名词success，两个空是并列的谓语，谓语动词都需用单数形式。
changes
本句为主系表结构，空格后的are
gradual暗示本空填名词复数changes。
is
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在一年中生长的季节我们能在那里种植各种各样的果树。All
we
need相当于All
that
we
need，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数;且本句表达的是现在的客观需要，故用一般现在时。
are;is
句意：那所大学估计，对于国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8
450美元，这对于其中一些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living
expenses，故谓语动词用复数形式；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
is
分析句子结构可知，主语是students'
inner
motivation，因此谓语动词用单数形式；再根据题中的Generally可知应用一般现在时。
was
invited
句意：那位著名的音乐家和他的学生们被邀请在2012年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。首先，结合句意可知应用一般过去时描述过去的行为；其次，as
well
as连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应和as
well
as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致，本句谓语应与The
famous
musician保持一致。
shows;
is
evidence作"证据，证明"讲时是不可数名词，故第一空用shows；increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故第二空用is。
was
句意：因为出色的表现，比赛一结束，这个篮球教练以及他的队员们就被采访了。as
well
as连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as
well
as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致，故用单数；此处表示过去的一般事实，故用一般过去时。
look→looks
考查主谓一致。根据句子的主语"My
dream
school"可判断出，谓语动词要用单数形式，同时叙述的是现在的情况，故应用looks。
is 句意：把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。本句主语是动名词短语“Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow”，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；此处是陈述一般事实，谓语用一般现在时，填is。
was
left 句意：他用剩下的(奶)给家里做奶酪和黄油。what在从句中做主语，与leave之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又因主句谓语是一般过去时，故该空用一般过去时的被动语态，填was
left。
include→includes 句意：教室是一个学习的地方。学习包括从教科书中学习，也包括从错误中学习。代词that做主语，是单数概念，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
错解分析 易错将include改为including，认为learning
包含从textbooks和mistakes中学习，而忽略了that做主语的作用。
was→were 句意：他总是问我们是谁并假装不认识我们。句中主语是we，是第一人称复数形式，谓语应用复数形式，故was改为were。
