备战2021年高考英语 易错点06 非谓语动词(原卷版+解析版)

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名称 备战2021年高考英语 易错点06 非谓语动词(原卷版+解析版)
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更新时间 2020-11-17 18:43:05

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专题06
非谓语动词
易错题【01】非谓语动词做状语
易错题【02】非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语
易错题【03】非谓语动词做定语
易错题【04】非谓语动词做补语
01
非谓语动词做状语
(2020年全国Ⅰ,语法填空,1.5分)
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
on
board
Chang’e-4
66
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。
【答案】?to
find
【叮嘱】
1.不定式做状语
不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
(1)在too
...
to
do、
enough
to
do、
so/such
...
as
to
do结构中做状语表目的。
·He
is
such
a
good
teacher
as
to
be
respected
by
all
his
students.
他是个如此好的老师,以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。
(2)在only/just
to
do结构中,表示出乎意料的结果。
·He
rushed
to
the
station,
only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
他匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)在be
happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised
to
do
sth.结构中做状语表原因。
·He
was
surprised
to
be
informed
of
the
news.
被告知这一消息,他感到吃惊。
2.分词做状语
(1)v.-ing形式:现在分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,且含有进行之意。
(2)v.-ed形式:①过去分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且含有完成之意。
②源于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系,其前不用being,常见的有:seated
(坐着的)、hidden
(躲着)、devoted
(专注的)、lost/absorbed
in
(沉溺于)、born
in
(出身于)、dressed
in
(穿着)、tired
of
(厌烦了)等。
·Following
the
teacher,
some
students
entered
the
classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
·The
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
followed
by
some
students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
(3)having
done/having
been
done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。
·Not
having
finished
my
homework,
I
had
to
stay
at
home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)
(4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:
generally
speaking
一般来说
frankly
speaking
坦白地说
judging
from/by
根据……来判断
to
tell
(you)
the
truth
说实话
to
begin/start
with
起初;开始
to
be
honest
诚实地说
to
make
things/matters
worse让事情变得更糟糕的是
1.(2020·新课标II卷)They
are
easy
68.
(care)
for
and
make
great
presents.
(2020·新课标III卷)The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
67.
(find)
the
well-known
painter.
(2020·浙江卷)
Agriculture
gave
people
their
first
experience
of
the
power
of
technology
60.(change)lives.
(2020·浙江卷)Later,they
learned
to
work
with
the
seasons
(season),planting
at
the
right
time
and,in
dry
areas,
63.
(make)use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate(灌溉)their
fields.
5.(2020·新课标III卷)And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds69.
(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语
【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists
have
responded
by
___67___
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,…
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是动词加ing的规则记忆不清。
【问诊】
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
【答案】
noting
【叮嘱】?
一.现在分词(也称“-ing”形)
1.原形动词词尾+“-ing”。speak→speaking(说)study→studying(学习)
go→going(去)
原形动词词尾为“-e”时,去“-e”后+“-ing”。
live→living(住)make→making(制造)
原形动词词尾为“-ie”时,先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。 lie→lying(卧,躺)
     
die→dying(死)
  
原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写词尾辅音字母后再+“-ing”。
     
plan→planning(计划)
  kid→kidding(开玩笑)get→getting(得到)
     stop→stopping(停止)
  put→putting(放置)
 shut→shutting(关闭)
 
注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ing”,若是重音落在第二音节者则依本项规则加“-ing”。
visit
→visiting(访问)
begin
→beginning(开始)
  
原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。
     
compel
→compelling(强迫)
     prefer→preferring(宁要)
 
 
过去式和过去分词
(分规则与不规则动词,规则的过去式和过去分词变化相同)
(过去式:只作谓语; 过去分词:用以构成被动语态及完成时态、非谓语);规则的过去式和过去分词变化相同。
原形动词词尾+“ed”。
rain
→rained(下雨)
walk
→walked(走)need
→needed(需要)
  
2.原形动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。live
→lived(住)
like
→liked(喜欢)
  
3.原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“-y”后加“-ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,
只加“-ed”。
 study
→studied(学习)
 play
→played(游戏)
  
原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写该辅音字母后再+”-ed“。
  chat
→chatted
(闲谈)
 kid
→kidded(开玩笑)
beg
→begged(恳求)
 
stop
→stopped(停止)
 bud
→budded(萌芽)
  
注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ed”,若是重音落在第二音节者,则依本项规则加“-ed”。
     
visit
→visited(访问)
     
omit
→omitted(省略)
  
6.原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常双写词尾后再加“-ed”。
     
compel
→compelled
     prefer
→preferred
  
7.英语字母“c”后面接“e,i”时通常都发[s]音,例如:
face,city。因此,如picnic作动词使用时,其词形变化为了要保住其词尾的[k]音,通常都先加“-k”之后再加“-ing”或“-ed”。
例如:
 
We
went
picnicking
last
Sunday.
  (上星期天我们野餐去了)。
  
We
picnicked
in
a
park
by
a
lake.
  (我们在湖边的一处公园野餐了。)
  
1.【2019·浙江卷】When
the
children
are
walking
or
___59___
(cycle)
to
school
on
dark
mornings,…
2.【2019·浙江卷】But
some
students
didn't
want
___63___
(wear)
the
uniform.
3.(2020·新课标I卷)My
mom
told
me
how
to
preparing
it
4.【2019·新课标II卷】A
90-year-old
has
been
awarded“Woman
Of
The
Year”for
___61___
(be)Britain's
oldest
full-time
employee-still
working
40
hours
a
week.
03
非谓语动词做定语
(2020·新课标II卷)They
represent
the
earth
63.
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢,句子的结构分析不清。
【问诊】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
【答案】coming
【叮嘱】1.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。
She
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来最后一个离开。
I
can't
think
of
any
good
advice
to
give
her.(动宾关系)
我想不出任何好的建议给她。
His
last
appeal,
to
come
and
see
her,
went
unanswered.(同位关系)
没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
2.分词作定语
(1)现在分词作定语
当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用动词?ing
形式。
The
lecture,
starting
at
7:00
p.m.last
night,
was
followed
by
an
observation
of
the
moon
with
telescopes.
始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。
[温馨提示]
被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。
(2)过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Tsinghua
University,
founded
in
1911,
is
home
to
a
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
众多杰出人物从始建于1911
年的清华大学毕业。
[注意] 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing
表示正在进行;done
表示已经完成。
3.动名词作定语
表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”,此时动名词常置于被修饰词的前面。
In
sight
of
Shackleton's
landing
place,
our
boat
hit
rock.
在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时,我们的船触礁了。
No
flying
machine
will
fly
from
New
York
to
Paris.
没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
1.【2019·新课标II卷】Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,proud
Irene
___declared__(declare)
she
had
no
plans
___65___
(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.
2.【2019·新课标II卷】When
we
got
a
call
___68___
(say)she
was
short-listed,we
thought
it
was
___a__
joke.
04
非谓语动词做补语
(2020·新课标II卷)They
make
great
gifs
and
you
see
them
many
times
65.
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构不清楚。
【问诊】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange
trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
【答案】
decorated
【叮嘱】
1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,look
at,hear,listen
to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do
表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done
表被动或完成。
The
missing
boy
was
last
seen
playing
near
the
river.
失踪的小男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。
2.动词let,
make,
have,
get,
leave,
keep,
find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
On
the
contrary,
those
who
let
teenagers
experience
the
consequences
of
their
actions
can
do
better.
相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。
3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn
sb.to
do
sth.等。
4.with/without的复合结构:with+n.+doing
(主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to
do(目的、将来)。
Without
anyone
noticing,
I
stole
into
the
room.
没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。
1.(2020·山东卷)
As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
themselves
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43.(walk)through
a
rainforest.
2.【2019·江苏卷】China's
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries__________
its
role
in
international
affairs.
A.
recognizing
B.
being
recognized
C.
to
be
recognized
D.
recognized
(2018北京,6)During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together  ?????(share)
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
(2018北京,10)Ordinary
soap,  ??????(use)correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
(2018江苏,26)Around
13,500
new
jobs
were
created
during
the
period,  ??????(exceed)
the
expected
number
of
12,000
held
by
market
analysts.
(2018天津,7)I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photograph  ??????(take).
(2018天津,12)I
didn't
mean  ????(eat)anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn't
help
trying
it.
6.(2018天津,8)It
took
him
a
long
time  ?????(acquire)
the
skills
he
needed
to
become
a
good
dancer.
7.(2018北京,3)   ?????(travel)along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience.
8.【2016·北京】
________
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
9.【2016·北京】______
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
10.【2016·北京】Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
________
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
11.【2016·江苏】In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message________within
the
work.
A.
to
hide
B.
hidden
C.
hiding
D.
being
hidden
12.(2015?新课标全国Ⅰ)Abercrombie
&
Kent,
a
travel
company
in
Hong
Kong,
says
it
(regularly)
(regular)
arranges
quick
getaways
here
for
people
____
(live)
in
Shanghai
and
Hong
Kong.
13.(2015?新课标全国Ⅱ)The
adobe
dwellings
(土坯房)____
(build)
by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by...
(2015?北京)The
park
was
full
of
people,____
(enjoy)
themselves
in
the
sunshine.
(2014?大纲)Today
there
are
more
airplanes
____(carry)more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
16.(2014?浙江)Amie
Salmon,disabled,is
attended
throughout
her
school
days
by
a
nurse
____
(appoint)
to
guard
her.
17.(2014?重庆)The
producer
comes
regularly
to
collect
the
cameras
____
(return)
to
our
shop
for
quality
problems.
18.(2013?陕西)The
witnesses
____
(question)
by
the
police
just
now
gave
very
different
descriptions
of
the
fight. 
19.(2013?湖南)You
cannot
accept
an
opinion____
(offer)
to
you
unless
it
is
based
on
facts.
20(2013?天津)In
some
languages,
100
words
make
up
half
of
all
words
____
(use)
in
daily
conversations.
21.(2013?北京)Volunteering
gives
you
a
chance
____
(change)
lives,
including
your
own.专题06
非谓语动词
易错题【01】非谓语动词做状语
易错题【02】非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语
易错题【03】非谓语动词做定语
易错题【04】非谓语动词做补语
01
非谓语动词做状语
(2020年全国Ⅰ,语法填空,1.5分)
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
on
board
Chang’e-4
66
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。
【答案】?to
find
【叮嘱】
1.不定式做状语
不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
(1)在too
...
to
do、
enough
to
do、
so/such
...
as
to
do结构中做状语表目的。
·He
is
such
a
good
teacher
as
to
be
respected
by
all
his
students.
他是个如此好的老师,以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。
(2)在only/just
to
do结构中,表示出乎意料的结果。
·He
rushed
to
the
station,
only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
他匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)在be
happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised
to
do
sth.结构中做状语表原因。
·He
was
surprised
to
be
informed
of
the
news.
被告知这一消息,他感到吃惊。
2.分词做状语
(1)v.-ing形式:现在分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,且含有进行之意。
(2)v.-ed形式:①过去分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且含有完成之意。
②源于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系,其前不用being,常见的有:seated
(坐着的)、hidden
(躲着)、devoted
(专注的)、lost/absorbed
in
(沉溺于)、born
in
(出身于)、dressed
in
(穿着)、tired
of
(厌烦了)等。
·Following
the
teacher,
some
students
entered
the
classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
·The
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
followed
by
some
students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
(3)having
done/having
been
done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。
·Not
having
finished
my
homework,
I
had
to
stay
at
home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)
(4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:
generally
speaking
一般来说
frankly
speaking
坦白地说
judging
from/by
根据……来判断
to
tell
(you)
the
truth
说实话
to
begin/start
with
起初;开始
to
be
honest
诚实地说
to
make
things/matters
worse让事情变得更糟糕的是
1.(2020·新课标II卷)They
are
easy
68.
(care)
for
and
make
great
presents.
【答案】to
care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be
+形容词
+
to
do”结构。故填to
care。
(2020·新课标III卷)The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
67.
(find)
the
well-known
painter.
【答案】to
find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set
out
to
do
sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to
find。
(2020·浙江卷)
Agriculture
gave
people
their
first
experience
of
the
power
of
technology
60.(change)lives.
【答案】to
change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to
change。
(2020·浙江卷)Later,they
learned
to
work
with
the
seasons
(season),planting
at
the
right
time
and,in
dry
areas,
63.
(make)use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate(灌溉)their
fields.
【答案】making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make
use
of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。
5.(2020·新课标III卷)And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds69.
(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
【答案】
surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the
soft
clouds
69
(surround)
the
mountain
tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语
【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists
have
responded
by
___67___
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,…
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是动词加ing的规则记忆不清。
【问诊】
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
【答案】
noting
【叮嘱】?
一.现在分词(也称“-ing”形)
1.原形动词词尾+“-ing”。speak→speaking(说)study→studying(学习)
go→going(去)
原形动词词尾为“-e”时,去“-e”后+“-ing”。
live→living(住)make→making(制造)
原形动词词尾为“-ie”时,先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。 lie→lying(卧,躺)
     
die→dying(死)
  
原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写词尾辅音字母后再+“-ing”。
     
plan→planning(计划)
  kid→kidding(开玩笑)get→getting(得到)
     stop→stopping(停止)
  put→putting(放置)
 shut→shutting(关闭)
 
注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ing”,若是重音落在第二音节者则依本项规则加“-ing”。
visit
→visiting(访问)
begin
→beginning(开始)
  
原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。
     
compel
→compelling(强迫)
     prefer→preferring(宁要)
 
 
过去式和过去分词
(分规则与不规则动词,规则的过去式和过去分词变化相同)
(过去式:只作谓语; 过去分词:用以构成被动语态及完成时态、非谓语);规则的过去式和过去分词变化相同。
原形动词词尾+“ed”。
rain
→rained(下雨)
walk
→walked(走)need
→needed(需要)
  
2.原形动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。live
→lived(住)
like
→liked(喜欢)
  
3.原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“-y”后加“-ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,
只加“-ed”。
 study
→studied(学习)
 play
→played(游戏)
  
原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写该辅音字母后再+”-ed“。
  chat
→chatted
(闲谈)
 kid
→kidded(开玩笑)
beg
→begged(恳求)
 
stop
→stopped(停止)
 bud
→budded(萌芽)
  
注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ed”,若是重音落在第二音节者,则依本项规则加“-ed”。
     
visit
→visited(访问)
     
omit
→omitted(省略)
  
6.原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常双写词尾后再加“-ed”。
     
compel
→compelled
     prefer
→preferred
  
7.英语字母“c”后面接“e,i”时通常都发[s]音,例如:
face,city。因此,如picnic作动词使用时,其词形变化为了要保住其词尾的[k]音,通常都先加“-k”之后再加“-ing”或“-ed”。
例如:
 
We
went
picnicking
last
Sunday.
  (上星期天我们野餐去了)。
  
We
picnicked
in
a
park
by
a
lake.
  (我们在湖边的一处公园野餐了。)
  
1.【2019·浙江卷】When
the
children
are
walking
or
___59___
(cycle)
to
school
on
dark
mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
2.【2019·浙江卷】But
some
students
didn't
want
___63___
(wear)
the
uniform.
【答案】to
wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want
to
do
sth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to
wear。
3.(2020·新课标I卷)My
mom
told
me
how
to
preparing
it
【答案】
preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。
4.【2019·新课标II卷】A
90-year-old
has
been
awarded“Woman
Of
The
Year”for
___61___
(be)Britain's
oldest
full-time
employee-still
working
40
hours
a
week.
【答案】
being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。
03
非谓语动词做定语
(2020·新课标II卷)They
represent
the
earth
63.
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢,句子的结构分析不清。
【问诊】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
【答案】coming
【叮嘱】1.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。
She
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来最后一个离开。
I
can't
think
of
any
good
advice
to
give
her.(动宾关系)
我想不出任何好的建议给她。
His
last
appeal,
to
come
and
see
her,
went
unanswered.(同位关系)
没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
2.分词作定语
(1)现在分词作定语
当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用动词?ing
形式。
The
lecture,
starting
at
7:00
p.m.last
night,
was
followed
by
an
observation
of
the
moon
with
telescopes.
始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。
[温馨提示]
被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。
(2)过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Tsinghua
University,
founded
in
1911,
is
home
to
a
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
众多杰出人物从始建于1911
年的清华大学毕业。
[注意] 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing
表示正在进行;done
表示已经完成。
3.动名词作定语
表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”,此时动名词常置于被修饰词的前面。
In
sight
of
Shackleton's
landing
place,
our
boat
hit
rock.
在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时,我们的船触礁了。
No
flying
machine
will
fly
from
New
York
to
Paris.
没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
1.【2019·新课标II卷】Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,proud
Irene
___declared__(declare)
she
had
no
plans
___65___
(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.
【答案】to
retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to
do
sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填to
retire。
2.【2019·新课标II卷】When
we
got
a
call
___68___
(say)she
was
short-listed,we
thought
it
was
___a__
joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
04
非谓语动词做补语
(2020·新课标II卷)They
make
great
gifs
and
you
see
them
many
times
65.
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构不清楚。
【问诊】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange
trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
【答案】
decorated
【叮嘱】
1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,look
at,hear,listen
to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do
表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done
表被动或完成。
The
missing
boy
was
last
seen
playing
near
the
river.
失踪的小男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。
2.动词let,
make,
have,
get,
leave,
keep,
find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
On
the
contrary,
those
who
let
teenagers
experience
the
consequences
of
their
actions
can
do
better.
相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。
3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn
sb.to
do
sth.等。
4.with/without的复合结构:with+n.+doing
(主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to
do(目的、将来)。
Without
anyone
noticing,
I
stole
into
the
room.
没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。
1.(2020·山东卷)
As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
themselves
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43.(walk)through
a
rainforest.
【答案】
walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine
sb
doing
sth.
“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
2.【2019·江苏卷】China's
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries__________
its
role
in
international
affairs.
A.
recognizing
B.
being
recognized
C.
to
be
recognized
D.
recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with
+
名词
+
现在分词结构,故选A。

(2018北京,6)During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together  ?????(share)
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
【答案】to
share
【解析】句意:过中秋节的时候,家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知家人们团聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼,因此用不定式to
share作目的状语。
(2018北京,10)Ordinary
soap,  ??????(use)correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
【答案】used 
【解析】句意:普通的香皂,只要使用正确,就可以有效除菌。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。use与其逻辑主语为被动关系,故填过去分词used。
(2018江苏,26)Around
13,500
new
jobs
were
created
during
the
period,  ??????(exceed)
the
expected
number
of
12,000
held
by
market
analysts.
【答案】exceeding 
【解析】句意:这段时期约13,500个新工作被创造出来,超过了市场分析者预测的12
000个。考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语,与Around
13,500
new
jobs是主动关系,且没有动作发生前后的关系,要用现在分词。
4.(2018天津,7)I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photograph  ??????(take).
【答案】taken 
【解析】句意:我需要一个新护照,因此我得照张相片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语my
photograph与take为被动关系,且表示让他人去做这件事,因此用过去分词作宾补,即have
sth.
done结构,意为“让某事被做”。
5.(2018天津,12)I
didn't
mean  ????(eat)anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn't
help
trying
it.
【答案】to
eat  
【解析】句意:我当时什么都不想吃,但是那款冰激凌看上去太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。mean
to
do
sth.打算做某事;mean
doing
sth.意味着做某事。此处表示打算做某事,mean后须加不定式作宾语。
6.(2018天津,8)It
took
him
a
long
time  ?????(acquire)
the
skills
he
needed
to
become
a
good
dancer.
【答案】to
acquire 
【解析】句意:获得他成为一名好舞者所需要的各项技能花了他很长时间。考查非谓语动词作主语。在It
takes/took
sb....to
do
sth.句型中,It作形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语。
7.(2018北京,3)   ?????(travel)along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience.
【答案】Traveling 
【解析】句意:沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣和有益的经历。本题考查非谓语
动词作主语。根据题干可知, ?along
the
old
Silk
Road是主语部分,应该用动名词形式作
主语。
8.【2016·北京】
________
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了更方便地联系到我们,你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知,这里是目的状语,表目的用动词不定式,故选D。
9.【2016·北京】______
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查过去分词作状语。句意:(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系,即order
the
books/the
books
are
ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,在此相当于原因状语从句because
they
were
ordered...,故选D。
10.【2016·北京】Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
________
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意:新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁,使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages,两者是主动关系,故用现在分词,表示主动和伴随,故选B。
11.【2016·江苏】In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message________within
the
work.
A.
to
hide
B.
hidden
C.
hiding
D.
being
hidden
【答案】B
【解析】考查分词作定语。相当于定语从句that
is
hidden
within
the
work。A、C项表示主动含义,D项表示正在进行,与语境不符。故B项正确。
12.(2015?新课标全国Ⅰ)Abercrombie
&
Kent,
a
travel
company
in
Hong
Kong,
says
it
(regularly)
(regular)
arranges
quick
getaways
here
for
people
____
(live)
in
Shanghai
and
Hong
Kong.
【答案】living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处与people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
13.(2015?新课标全国Ⅱ)The
adobe
dwellings
(土坯房)____
(build)
by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by...
【答案】built
【解析】考查过去分词短语作定语。
本句主语是The
adobe
dwellings,谓语是are
admired,因此空白处不需要谓语动词,应用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。
14.(2015?北京)The
park
was
full
of
people,____
(enjoy)
themselves
in
the
sunshine.
【答案】enjoying
【解析】句意:公园里有很多人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知,themselves
in
the
sunshine作people的定语,people和enjoy为逻辑上的主谓关系,需要用主动形式,故用enjoying,相当于who
enjoyed。
15.(2014?大纲)Today
there
are
more
airplanes
____(carry)more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
【答案】carrying
【解析】
分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplanes,且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作,故应用动词-ing形式carrying。
16.(2014?浙江)Amie
Salmon,disabled,is
attended
throughout
her
school
days
by
a
nurse
____
(appoint)
to
guard
her.
【答案】appointed
 
【解析】句意:身残的Amie
Salmon,在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appoint与nurse之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。
17.(2014?重庆)The
producer
comes
regularly
to
collect
the
cameras
____
(return)
to
our
shop
for
quality
problems.
【答案】returned
【解析】cameras与return之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以要用被动形式;过去分词作定语修饰中心词the
cameras。
18.(2013?陕西)The
witnesses
____
(question)
by
the
police
just
now
gave
very
different
descriptions
of
the
fight.
【答案】questioned 
【解析】句意:刚才被警察询问的目击者们对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。由于The
witnesses和question之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,同时在句中有表示过去的时间状语just
now,故要用过去分词作后置定语表示被动和完成。
19.(2013?湖南)You
cannot
accept
an
opinion____
(offer)
to
you
unless
it
is
based
on
facts.
【答案】offered 
【解析】句意:你不能接受(别人)给你提的意见,除非该意见是基于事实的。
to
you为后置定语,修饰名词opinion,动词offer与该名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
20.(2013?天津)In
some
languages,
100
words
make
up
half
of
all
words
____
(use)
in
daily
conversations.
【答案】.used
【解析】分析句子成分可知,use和words之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用used作后置定语。
21.(2013?北京)Volunteering
gives
you
a
chance
____
(change)
lives,
including
your
own.
【答案】to
change
 
【解析】句意:志愿者活动给你一次改变人生的机会,包括你自己的(人生)。此处是不定式短语作后置定语。