高中英语语法（介词、连词篇）
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高中英语语法（介词、连词篇）
英语十大词类中介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词用法多而杂，是考察的重点。一个介词有很多意思和很多用法，以及介词搭配也很多也是考察的重点。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是2021年新高考介词考查的主要方向。
下面主要是从介词的分类、功能、搭配和考点来讲解，并配以习题练习。
介词的分类
分类
特点
例词
简单介词
即一个介词
about,
above,
across,
after,
against,
along,
among,
around,
at,
below,
between,
beyond,
by,
during,
except,
for,
from,
in,
of,
on,
to,
through,
under,
with...
合成介词
由两个介词构成合成词
into,
onto,
throughout,
upon,
within,
without...
短语介词
由短语构成
according
to,
because
of,
instead
of,
in
spite
of,
up
to,
due
to,
owing
to,
thanks
to,
apart
from,
next
to,
in
front
of...
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from
among,
from
behind,
from
under,
till
after,
in
between....
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering(就……而论),
including，regarding，concerning.....
兼类介词
由动词、形容词、连词等直接转化而来
like,
unlike,
near,
next,
opposite,
after,
before,
until,
since,
as....
介词的基本意思
about（关于）,
above（在.....上面）,
across(穿过）,
against（反对，倚靠着）,
along（沿着）,
among（在......之间）,
around（在.....周围）,
as（作为）,
at（在
以）,
below（在.....下面）,
between（在......之间）,
beyond（在......之外）,
by（被，由，
乘、坐、通过，在旁边，
不迟于）,
during（在......期间）,
except（除......外）,
for（为了，由于，达、计，给,
对.....来说）,
from（从）,
in（在.....里）,
of（.....的）,
on（在.....上面）,
to（朝、向、对着）,
through（穿过）,
under（在.....下面）,
with（和、跟、与，带、有，用），into（到.....里）,
onto（到....上）,
throughout（在各处）,
upon（在.....上面）,
within（在....以内）,
without（没有），according
to（根据）,
because
of（因为）,
instead
of（代替）,
in
spite
of（尽管，不管）,
due
to（由于）,
owing
to（由于）,
thanks
to（多亏）,
apart
from（除......外）,
next
to（在.....旁边),
in
front
of(在.....前面）like（像）,
unlike（不像）,
near（在.....附近）,
after(在....以后）,
before（在....之前）,
until（直到....为止）,
since（自从）,
as（作为）
易混介词辨析
1．
表示时间的介词
(1)
in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。如：
in
July/summer/2000/ancient
times
The
bus
will
be
here
in
ten
minutes.
(2)
on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如：on
Saturday,
on
Saturday
morning,
on
the
morning
of
August
1st
(3)
at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如：
at
six
o'clock,
at
Easter
(4)
over,
through
(out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。如：
Stay
over
the
Christmas.
She
worked
through
the
night
last
Friday.
(5)
for与since：for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度，为“长达……”之意；since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间；含有since时间短语的句子要用完成时，但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。如：
I
have
been
there
for
six
years.
We
have
not
seen
each
other
since
1993.
(6)
during指“在……时期/时间内”，必须接表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。如：
She
was
ill
for
a
week,
and
during
that
week
she
ate
little.
2．
表示地点的介词
(1)
above,
below，over,
under，on,
on
top
of,
beneath,
underneath:
above和below分别表示“高于”和“低于”的意思，不一定指垂直方向上的上下；over和under分别表示垂直方向上的上下或高低；on/on
top
of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意义上的上下。以上三组介词互为反义词。如：
The
temple
stands
on
top
of
the
hill.
The
pen
is
beneath
the
book.
There
is
a
lamp
on
the
desk.
(2)
at,
on,
in：at指小地点或集会场合；on表示线或面上的位置；in表示在立体、区域或环境内，特别是那些较大，能够容纳相应事物的环境。如：
He
works
at
Peking
University.
Your
radio
is
on
the
desk.
He's
sitting
in
the
sun.
(3)
between与among：between用来说明“在……两者之间”或“三个以上人或事物中的每两者之间的相互关系”；among用来说明“在……三者以上之间”的相互关系；among可以用来表示没有确定数目的物体之间的相互关系。如：
There
is
a
small
river
between
the
two
villages.
The
book
is
the
best
among
these
modern
novels.
The
relations
between
various
countries
are
very
important.
3．
表示原因的介词。
(1)
for常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。如：
They
will
reward
you
for
your
help.
(2)
from和out
of常常表示动机或原因；through表示消极或间接的原因。如：
He
feels
weak
from
lack
of
sleep.
He
broke
down
through
overwork.
4．
表示目的的介词
for和to都可以引导目的地。for表示拟定的接收人或目的，for跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后，如：leave,
set
out,
start,
depart,
sail等；to表示实际的接收人或目的，to跟在含有方向性的动词后，如：go,
come,
run,
walk,
move,
fly,
drive,
ride等。如：
We
have
left
for
Hong
Kong.
He
flew
to
America.
5．
表示“关于……”的介词
一般about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体；on用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中；of用于动词talk,
read,
know,
hear等的后面。如：
What
are
you
talking
about?
in
terms
of
natural
resources
6．
表示原料的介词
of和out
of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质；from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质。如：
His
house
was
built
of
brick.
He
made
these
toys
out
of
old
cigar?boxes.
Steel
is
made
from
iron.
7．
表示价格的介词
at和for都可表示价格，at仅表示价格；for还表示“交换”。如：
Eggs
are
sold
at
95
cents
a
dozen
here.
I
bought
that
box
for
five
pounds.
表示原因(通常在句中作状语),
意为“由于，因为”。
because
of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on
account
of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
9.
表示“除……之外”。
with
the
exception
of＝
except,
except
for“除……之外”；
apart
from
(＝美式英语中的aside
from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之
外”，相当于except
(for),
又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in
addition
to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
9.表示“就……而论”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with
respect
to“关于，就……而言”；
as
for和as
to用于句首时表示“至于”。
10.
表示“在……之前”。
ahead
of=in
advance
of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更
早”，
还可表示“领先，优于”；
in
front
of
多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
11.
表示“支持，赞成”。
in
support
of
维护，支持，支援；
in
favor
of
可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”。
12.
表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in
the
light
of
按照，考虑到
in
terms
of
就……而言，谈到
according
to
根据；按照
in
view
of
鉴于，因为
四、常见的介词搭配
1．
“介词＋
名词”型
(1)
in
＋
名词
in
advance
在前头，事先，预先
in
case
如果，万一
in
charge
主管，掌管，看管
in
common
共有，共同，公有
in
demand
有需要的
in
doubt
感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in
effect
实际上，生效
in
fact
事实上
in
order
按序，井然有序，情况良好；
恰当
in
progress
进行中
in
return
作为回报
in
turn
依次，替换地；相应地，转而
in
vain
徒劳
(2)
on＋
名词
on
guard
在值勤
on
leave
在休假
on
holiday
在度假
on
strike
罢工
on
sale
出售
on
loan
借贷
on＋the＋名词
on
the
move
在移动，搬迁；离开
on
the
march
在行军
on
the
flow
在涨潮
on
the
increase
正在增加
on
the
go
正在活动，正在奔走
on
the
air
正在广播
on
the
fly
正在飞行
(3)
beyond
＋名词
beyond
one's
power
是某人力所不及的
beyond
praise
夸不胜夸
beyond
one's
reach
够不着
beyond
description
难以形容
beyond
words
无法用语言形容
beyond
doubt
无疑
beyond
one's
understanding
无法理解
(4)
under
＋
名词
under
development
在发展中
under
observation
在观察中
under
test
在测试中
under
construction
在建设中
under
examination
在检查(调查)中
under
consideration
在考虑中
under
repair
在修理中
(5)
at
＋
名词
at
length
详细地，长时间
at
sea
茫然
at
will
任意地
at
work
在上班
at
lunch
在吃午饭
at
rest
在休息
at
table
在吃饭
at
school
上学
at
church
做礼拜
at
peace
处于和平状态
(6)
out
of
＋
名词
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
date
过时
out
of
patience
不耐烦
out
of
control
失去控制
out
of
business
破产
out
of
style
过时，不时髦
out
of
the
ordinary
不寻常的
out
of
touch
失去联系
2．“形容词＋介词”型
at前的adj.：angry,
good,
bad,
surprised,
excited,
puzzled等。
of前的adj.：afraid,
sure,
certain,
full,
tired,
fond,
proud,
worthy等。
with前的adj.:
angry,
strict,
busy,
careful,
popular,
patient等。
in前的adj.：strict,
weak,
interested,
successful,
rich等。
to前的adj.：polite,
kind,
cruel,
rude,
close,
available等。
for前的adj.：sorry,
famous,
fit,
unfit,
eager,
anxious，(be)
hungry/thirsty等。
from前的adj.：far,
different,
free,
safe等。
about前的adj.：worried,
anxious,
careful，curious等。
3．
“名词＋介词”型
the
key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to；
wish/desire/prize/respect…for；
pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on
一、单选
1.Everybody
was
touched
_________
words
after
they
heard
her
moving
story.
A.
beyond
B.
without
C.
of
D.
in
【解析】答案为A
。beyond
words表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后，他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。
2.Try
on
this
red
skirt;
you
will
look
great
it.
A.
on
B.
by
C.
in
D.
for
【解析】答案为C。
Sth.
be
on
sb.
“衣服穿在某人身上”；sb.
be
in
sth“某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为C。
3.—How
amazing
it
is
that
astronauts
are
exploring
outer
space!
—It’s
a
challenge,
I
guess,
man
against
nature.
A.
of
B.
for
C.
by
D.
about
【解析】答案为A。应答句中的I
guess是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge连用，表所属，用of，选A。
4.He
invited
me
to
a
dance
after
the
show
Christmas
Eve.
A.
at
B.
on
C.
in
D.
by
【解析】答案为B。此处介词位于具体节日（日期）前，用on。
The
wine
industry
in
the
area
has
developed
in
a
special
way,
________
little
foreign
ownership.
A.
by
B.
of
C.
with
D.
from
【解析】答案为C。句意：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着，具有很少的外国所有权。with：具有，带有，表伴随。
6.Children
need
friends
their
own
age
to
play
with.
A
of
B
for
C
in
D
at
【解析】答案为A。考查名词的双重所有格。friends
of
their
own
age意思是“跟他们自己年龄相同的朋友”，选A项符合句意。其他选项不能构成所有关系。
7.It
saves
time
in
the
kitchen
to
have
things
you
use
a
lot
_______
easy
reach.
A.
near
B.
upon
C.
within
D.
around
【解析】答案为C。句意：厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。within
easy
reach在容易达到……的地方；在……的附近。
8.A
great
person
is
always
putting
others’
interests
_________
his
own.
A.
below
B.
above
C.
in
D.
on
【解析】答案为B。put
other’s
interests
above
one’s
own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。
Most
Americans
would
prefer
to
keep
their
problems
themselves,
and
solve
their
problems
______
themselves.
A.
to;
by
B.
by;
to
C.
for;
to
D.
in;
on
【解析】答案为A。句意：大多数美国人宁愿让他们面对自己的问题并自己解决他们的问题。by
oneself表示“单独地，独自地”的意思。
10.Jenny
nearly
missed
the
flight
______
doing
too
much
shopping.
A.
as
a
result
of
B.
on
top
of
C.
in
front
of
D.
in
need
of
【解析】答案为A。as
a
result
of意为“由于……的结果”。
11.The
art
show
was
_______
being
a
failure;
it
was
a
great
success.
A.
far
from
B.
along
with
C.
next
to
D.
regardless
of
【解析】答案为A。句意：艺术表演远非是失败的；它是一个巨大的成功。far
from意为“远离(远远不)”；along
with意为“与……一道(又)，连同……一起,
随同……一起，沿[顺]着”；next
to意为“次于(紧跟在……之后的)”；regardless
of意为“不顾，不惜”。由句意可知选A。
This
special
school
accepts
all
disabled
students,
__
educational
level
and
background.
A.
according
to
B.
regardless
of
C.
in
addition
to
D.
in
terms
of
【解析】答案为B。according
to意为“根据”；regardless
of意为“不管，不顾”；in
addition
to意为“另外”；in
terms
of意为“就……而言”。句意：这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。
13.You’d
sound
a
lot
more
polite
if
you
make
a
request
______
a
question.
A.
in
search
of
B.
in
the
form
of
C.
in
need
of
D.
in
the
direction
of
【解析】答案为B。以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌。in
the
form
of意为“以……方式”符合句意。in
search
of意为“寻找”；in
need
of意为“需要”；in
the
direction
of意为“朝……方向”。
句意：如果你以问题的形式提出要求，那么会显得更有礼貌。
14.His
efforts
to
raise
money
for
his
program
were
______
because,
no
one
showed
any
intention
to
take
a
cent
out
of
their
pockets.
A.
in
place
B.
in
sight
C.
in
effect
D.
in
vain
【解析】答案为D。根据下文no
one
showed
any
intention
to
take
a
cent
out
of
their
pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择in
vain。in
place“和平地”，in
sight“在视程内”，in
effect“实际上”。
15.
It
is
illegal
for
a
public
official
to
ask
people
for
gifts
or
money
____________favors
to
them.
A.
in
preference
to
B
.
in
place
of
C.
in
agreement
with
D.
in
exchange
for
【解析】答案为D。in
preference
to
（优先于）；
in
exchange
for
（交换）；in
place
of
(代替)；
in
agreement
with
（同意，与……一致）。句意：政府官员为某人提供便利或帮助，以换取礼物或金钱，这种行为是非法的。
So
far
we
have
done
a
lot
to
build
a
low-carbon
economy,
but
it
is
________ideal.
We
have
to
work
still
harder.
A.
next
to
B.
far
from
C.
out
of
D.
due
to
【解析】答案为B。“到目前为止我们为打造低碳经济已经做了很多努力，但是这远远不够。我们还要继续努力。”题目中的“ideal”是指“完美的，理想的”，“far
from
ideal”
“离完美还很远，远远不够”，“far
from”
一般加名词或者形容词，表示“离……很远，或者达不到……状态”。
“next
to”
“靠近”，意义相反。
“out
of”
“出于”，相当于“with”；“due
to”后面一般跟名词，解释为“由于”，相当于”“because
of”。
Nowadays
some
hospitals
refer
to
patients
name,
not
case
number.
A.
of
B.
as
C.
by
D.
with
【解析】答案为C。by以……的方式。句意：现在有些医院以名字来称呼病人，而不是以病号来称呼。
My
father
warned
me
_______
going
to
the
West
Coast
because
it
was
crowed
with
tourists.
A.
by
B.
on
C.
for
D.
against
【解析】答案为D。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn
sb.
against
doing
sth.
相当于warn
sb.
not
to
do
sth，意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。
句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。
More
and
more
high—rise
buildings
have
been
built
in
big
cities
_________space.
A.
in
search
of
B.
in
place
of
C.
for
lack
of
D.
for
fear
of
【解析】答案为C。in
search
of意为“寻找”；in
place
of意为“代替”；for
lack
of意为“因缺乏”；for
fear
of意为“生怕，以免”。句意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在许多大城市建了起来。
20.
I
agree
to
his
suggestion
______the
condition
that
he
drops
all
charges.
A.
by
B.
in
C.
on
D.
to
【解析】答案为C。介词on
和the
condition
that一起相当一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。
句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。
单项选择
（
）1._________
good
service,
the
restaurant
offers
different
kinds
of
traditional
Fujian
dished.
A.
Far
from
B.
Apart
from
C.
Instead
of
D.
Regardless
of
（
）2.
For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
_________a
monkey.
21
cnjy
com
A.?in
the
shape
of?????B.?beyond
the
reach
of??????C.?at
the
mercy
of????D.?on
the
side
of
（
）3.With
the
development
of
economy,
our
income
has
increased
________
10%
recently.
A.?by????????????????????B.?in?????????????????????????????????????????C.?on???????????????????????????????D.?at
(
)4.The
law
requires
that
everyone
should
be
equal
________
race,
religion
or
sex.
A.?in
search
for????????B.?in
support
of?????????C.?on
behalf
of??????????????????D.?regardless
of
(
)5.With
the
development
of
the
Belt
and
Road,
China
will
contribute
more
to
the
world
________
infrastructure
investment.
www-2-1-cnjy-com
A.?in
light
of???????B.?in
defense
of???????????C.?in
anticipation
of??????????D.?in
respect
of
(
)6.
5G
has
faster
data
transmission,
lower
delay
and
stronger
mobility
________
the
conventional
4G.
A.?in
charge
of???????????B.?in
contrast
to????????????C.?in
defense
of???????????????D.?in
proportion
to
(
)7.
I'm
sorry
I
didn't
phone
you,
but
I've
been
very
busy
______
the
past
couple
of
weeks.
A.?beyond?????????????
??B.?with?????????????????????????C.?among????????????????????????????D.?over
(
)8.
President
Trump
agreed
to
cancel
a
planned
Jan.
1
tariff
increase
on
Chinese
products
_______
purchases
of
American
farm,
energy
and
industrial
goods.
21
A.?in
line
with?????????????B.?in
reply
to????????????C.?in
return
for?????????????????D.?in
honor
com
(
)9.
Since
COVID?19
has
largely
been
brought
________，
people
in
China
are
returning
to
their
work
in
an
orderly
manner.
21·世纪
教育网
A.?under
control????????????????B.?under
way????????????????C.?under
discussion????????????????D.?under
threat
(
)10.
Strict
measures
have
been
taken
to
control
houses
prices,
which
will
_______
contribute
to
a
sustainable
economy
in
the
long
term.
A.?in
return???????????B.?in
effect????????????????????????C.?in
advance?????????????????D.?in
turn
二、单句语法填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
________
dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
2．(2019·北京卷)First
celebrated
________
1970，the
Day
now
includes
events
in
more
than
190
countries
and
regions
(地区)．
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn
uses
less
water
________rice
and
creates
less
fertilizer
(化肥)
runoff.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This
trend，which
was
started
by
the
medical
community
(医学界)________a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease，has
had
some
unintended
side
effects
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease—the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
________work.
6．________tracking
people's
e?mails
and
online
posts，scientists
have
found
that
good
news
can
spread
faster
and
farther
than
disasters
and
sob
stories.
7．________the
amazement
of
these
scientists，they
discovered
that
blood
passing
through
the
brain，when
it
is
active，shows
no
fatigue
(疲劳)
at
all.
8．I
wonder
what
you
had
________mind
when
asked
about
your
dream
university.
9．Many
of
today's
travelers
are
looking________an
unusual
experience
and
adventure
travel
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular.
10．Oprah
Winfrey
is
a
highly
successful
businesswoman
and
is
probably
best
known
________
the
presenter
of
a
very
popular
talk
show.
三、短文语法填空
When
I
was
a
child
in
the
1970s，my
family
was
very
poor，just
1.________
other
average
families
in
the
countryside.The
second?hand
clothes，rain?leaking
roof
of
old
house
became
part
of
my
memory.However，the
worst
2.________
(impress)
is
that
I
was
feeling
hungry
all
the
time.Sometimes
hunger
hit
me
so
severely
3.________
I
regarded
dried
sweet
potato
slices
as
delicious
snack.At
that
time，my
dream
was
getting
enough
to
fill
my
empty
stomach.
In
the
early
years
of
1980s，as
the
reform
and
opening?up
policy
4.________
(carry)
out，the
children's
dream
came
true.And
then，5.________
dream
became
clearer
and
clearer
in
my
mind.I
must
try
my
best
to
escape
out
of
my
poor
and
backward
hometown.I
worked
6.________
(hard)
at
my
study
than
most
of
my
classmates，and，after
luckily
7.________
(succeed)
in
the
national
college
entrance
examination，I
realized
my
dream
again:
after
graduation，I
became
a
citizen
working
in
a
city.8.________
the
first
college
graduate
out
of
a
remote
village，my
success
set
9.________
example
for
my
folks.They
came
to
realize
that
schooling
is
a
good
way
to
change
one's
fate
(命运)．In
the
following
years，there
were
fewer
drop?outs
and
more
college
graduates
in
my
village，of
10.________
I
am
proud
even
today.
连词是一种虚词，不能担任句子成分。连词是高考必考考点。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。
I.连词分类及作用
连词
并列连词
表示平行或对等关系
and，or，
neither…nor
，not
only…but
also，both…and...，as
well
as
表示转折关系
but，yet，while，however
表示选择关系
or，otherwise，not...but，either...or...
表示因果关系
so，therefore
从属连词
引导宾语从句
that，if，whether
引导时间状语从句
when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as?soon?as
引导原因状语从句
because，since，as
引导条件状语从句
if，unless，once
引导目的状语从句
so,so?that，in?order?that
引导让步状语从句
although，though，even?if，even?though
引导地点状语从句
where，?wherever
引导比较状语从句
than，as
引导方式状语从句
as，as?if，as?though
引导结果状语从句
so，so?that，so...that...，such...that...
II.常用连词用法解析
一：??并列连词?
1．表示平行或对等关系?。
and和?；?or或者；??both...and...两者都；?neither...nor...既不......也不......；not?only...but(also)....不但......而且......?；as?well?as也?
They?are?singing?and?dancing?in?the?classroom.?
My?father?never?smokes?or?drinks.?
Not?only?you?but?also?she?has?to?clean?the?classroom.?
Jack?as?well?as?his?sisters?likes?to?play?the?piano.????
2．表示转折关系。?
but但是；however
然而（其后通常加逗号）；yet然而；?while然而；?while而，常用来表示前后鲜明的对比?
She?hasn't?got?a?computer,?but?her?brother?has.?
It?will?be?sunny?but?cold.?
Some?people?love?pets,?while?others?hate?them.?
These?apples?don't?look?nice,?yet?lots?of?people?buy?them.????
3．表示选择关系。?
or或者；否则?????not...but...不是......而是......；?either...or...或者......或者......连接两个主语时，谓语动词应当与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。?
在并列的否定句中，用or代替and构成完全否定，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，用and而不用or连接。?
Don't?ride?so?fast?or?you'll?get?hurt.?
Either?he?or?I?am?going?to?the?movie.?
4.
表示因果关系。
for因为???so因此，所以?
The?days?are?short,?for?it?is?November?now.?
I?felt?very?tired?so?I?went?to?bed?early.
二：从属连词?
1.
引导宾语从句的从属连词。主要有that(无词义，可省略)，if和whether。whether可与or?not连用，在句中不作成分，在ask，wonder，not?know,?want?to?know，not?be?sure等后常用whether或if从句，而不用that从句。?
The?foreigner?asked?me?if?I?could?speak?English.?
2．引导时间状语从句的从属连词。主要有when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as?soon?as等。?
I?arrived?at?the?airport?after?the?plane?had?taken?off.?
The?boy?left?the?classroom?before?the?teacher?came?in.?
How?long?is?it?since?you?moved?to?Beijing?
3.
引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要有because，since，as等。?
She?isn't?going?with?us?because?she?has?a?bad?headache.?
Since?you?are?busy,?I?have?to?go?there?alone.?
4．引导条件状语从句的从属连词。主要有if，unless，once等。当从句中需用一般将来时的时候，总是用一般现在时去代替。?
The?sports?meeting?will?continue?unless?it?rains?this?afternoon.?
If??(it?is)?necessary,?call?me?at?once.
You'll?fail?the?test?unless?you?work?harder.?
5．引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要有so,so?that，in?order?that等。?
Give?her?a?map?so?she?won't?get?lost.?
Read?loudly?so?that?we?can?hear?you?clearly.?
6．引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要有even?if，even?though，(although)though等。but和(although)though不能同时出现在一个句子中。although?比though更正式。?
The?story?is?hard?to?understand?though?there?are?no?new?words?in?it.?
Although?everyone?tried?his?best,?we?lost?the?match.?
7．引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要有where?wherever。?
Please?stay?where?you?are.?
I'll?be?thinking?of?you?wherever?you?are.?
8．引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要有than，as等，?在as(so)...as中，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。?
Do?you?think?that?art?is?as?interesting?as?music??
She?doesn't?study?as?hard?as?her?brother.?
My?sister?dances?better?than?I.?
9．引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要有as，as?if，as?though。?
The?little?boy?does?as?his?father?tells?him.
She?remembers?the?whole?thing?as?if?it?happened?yesterday.?
10．引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要有so，so?that，so...that...，such...that...等。?
The?mountain?was?so?steep?that?few?people?reached?the?top.
三：???易混连词?????
1.
when，while，as?
三者均可译为“在......时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。?
He?was?riding?to?school?when?he?was?hit?by?a?car?this?morning.?
You'd?better?turn?off?the?water?while?you?brush?your?teeth.?
She?sang?as?she?walked.??
2．so...that...，such...that...?
so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词的单数＋that从句；?
so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句；?
such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句；?
such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋that从句。?
She?is?so?beautiful?a?girl?that?we?all?like?her.?
She?is?such?a?good?girl?that?we?all?like?her.?
There?are?so?many?students?on?the?playground.?
I.
单句语法填空
1.(2020?全国卷Ⅲ)
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist
2．(2019·全国卷III)On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
hard
that
we
couldn’t
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to
get
there．
3.(2018·浙江卷改编)Many
westerners
who
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
_______
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
4.(2018·北京卷·2)
we
don't
stop
climate
change,
many
animals
and
plants
in
the
world
will
be
gone.?
5.(2018·天津卷·4改编)Let's
not
pick
these
peaches
until
this
weekend
so
they
get
sweet
enough
to
be
eaten.?
6.(2018·江苏卷·29) you
can
sleep
well,
you
will
lose
the
ability
to
focus,
plan
and
stay
motivated
after
one
or
two
nights.?
7.(2017·北京，28)If
you
don’t
understand
something，you
may
research，study，and
talk
to
other
people
______
you
figure
it
out.
8.(2017·天津，4)She
asked
me
______
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library，and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn’t.
9.(2016·课标Ⅲ，65)Over
time，
______
the
population
grew，people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.
10.(2016·四川，66)
_____
it
cried，she
rocked
it
back
and
forth
and
gave
it
little
comforting
pats.
11.(2016·北京，33)I
really
enjoy
listening
to
music
______
it
helps
me
relax
and
takes
my
mind
away
from
other
cares
of
the
day.
12.(2015·北京，32)
___
the
damage
is
done，it
will
take
many
years
for
the
farmland
to
recover.
13.(2015·江苏，26)It
is
so
cold
that
you
can’t
go
outside
______
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
14.(2015·天津，12)We
need
to
get
to
the
root
of
the
problem
______
we
can
solve
it.
15.(2014·山东，2)I
don’t
really
like
the
author，
___
I
have
to
admit
his
books
are
very
exciting.
16.(2014·江西，35)It
was
the
middle
of
the
night
______
my
father
woke
me
up
and
told
me
to
watch
the
football
game.
17.(2014·陕西，24)The
young
couple
who
returned
my
lost
wallet，left
______
I
could
ask
for
their
names.
18.(2014·辽宁，69)Oh…，______
you
don’t
mind，I'll
stop
and…
19.(2014·湖南，26)You
will
never
gain
success
______
you
are
fully
devoted
to
your
work.
20.(2013·安徽，23)It's
much
easier
to
make
friends
______
you
have
similar
interests.
21.(2013·湖南，23)You
must
learn
to
consult
your
feelings
and
your
reason
______
you
reach
any
decision.
22.(2020·浙江，58)
Farming
produced
more
food
per
person
hunting
and
gathering.
23.(2020·浙江，65)It’s
also
that
they
are
on
average
healthier
_______
more
productive
for
longer.
24.
______you
are
time
poor,
you
need
run
for
only
half
the
time
to
get
the
same
benefits
as
other
sports.
25.It
was
raining
lightly_______
I
arrived
in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.
II语法填空(2020·河南省郑州市高三测试)
Near
the
town
of
Montignac
in
Southern
France,
visitors
can
find
some
of
the
most
beautiful
cave
paintings
in
the
world—the
Lascaux
Cave
Paintings
(拉斯科洞窟壁画).
The
history
of
these
paintings
is
very
interesting.
Most
caves
are
formed
__1__
nature
under
the
ground,
but
some
have
entrances
people
can
find.
That's
just
what
happened
one
day
in
1940.
Four
boys
were
taking
__2__
walk
in
the
woods
near
Montignac.
As
they
walked
along,
one
of
them
noticed
an
unusual
rock.
__3__
they
got
closer,
they
found
it
wasn't
a
rock
but
an
opening
in
the
ground.
This
opening
led
to
a
cave,
so
they
decided
to
have
a
look
around
it.
The
walls
of
the
cave
were
__4__
(cover)
with
ancient
art.
The
boys
didn't
know
it,
but
the
cave
was
the
find
of
the
century!
Over
the
years,
many
historians
and
artists
came
to
study
the
art.
They
wanted
to
understand
who
painted
the
pictures
and
__5__
they
might
mean.
They
soon
realized
some
of
the
art
indicated
animals
that
were
on
Earth
a
long
time
ago.
Many
of
the
pictures
also
showed
people
__6__
(follow)
animals
and
trying
to
kill
them
for
food.
In
the
end,
historians
agreed
that
this
was
likely
to
be
the
art
of
a
civilization
that
existed
over
15,000
years
ago.
By
1950,
over
a
thousand
people
from
all
over
the
world
were
visiting
the
cave
every
day.
But
by
1955,
the
paintings
were
beginning
to
become
difficult
__7__
(see).
Many
people
were
passing
through
the
cave,
so
the
paintings
were
losing
their
color.__8__
(sad),
people
can
no
longer
visit
the
cave.
However,
another
set
of
cave
paintings
has
been
created.
These
paintings
look
exactly
the
same
__9__
the
Lascaux
Cave
Paintings.
People
__10__
(make)
the
paintings
so
that
everyone
can
still
learn
about
this
great
ancient
civilization.
一、单项填空：
1∽5
BAADD
6∽10
BDCAD
二、单句语法填空：1.
of
2.
in
3.
than
4.
as
5.
from
6.
by
7.
To
8.
in
9.
for
10.
as
三、短文语法填空：
1.
like
2.
impression
3.
that
4.
was
carried
5.
another
6.
harder
7.
succeeding
8.
as
9.
an
10.
which
I.
单句语法填空
1.When/As
2.
so
3.Once
4.
if
5.
that
6.
unless
7.
until
8.
whether/if
9.
as/when
10.
When/If
11.
because
12.
Once/
If/When
13.
unless
14.
before
15.
though
16.
when
17.
before
18.
If
19.
unless
20.
if/when
21.
before
22.
than
23.
and
24.
If
25.
when
II语法填空(2020·河南省郑州市高三测试)
by
2.
a
3.
When/As
4.
covered
5.
what
6.
following
7.
to
see
8.
Sadly
9.
as
10
have
made
英语十大词类中介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词用法多而杂，是考察的重点。一个介词有很多意思和很多用法，以及介词搭配也很多也是考察的重点。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是2021年新高考介词考查的主要方向。
下面主要是从介词的分类、功能、搭配和考点来讲解，并配以习题练习。
介词的分类
分类
特点
例词
简单介词
即一个介词
about,
above,
across,
after,
against,
along,
among,
around,
at,
below,
between,
beyond,
by,
during,
except,
for,
from,
in,
of,
on,
to,
through,
under,
with...
合成介词
由两个介词构成合成词
into,
onto,
throughout,
upon,
within,
without...
短语介词
由短语构成
according
to,
because
of,
instead
of,
in
spite
of,
up
to,
due
to,
owing
to,
thanks
to,
apart
from,
next
to,
in
front
of...
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from
among,
from
behind,
from
under,
till
after,
in
between....
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering(就……而论),
including，regarding，concerning.....
兼类介词
由动词、形容词、连词等直接转化而来
like,
unlike,
near,
next,
opposite,
after,
before,
until,
since,
as....
介词的基本意思
about（关于）,
above（在.....上面）,
across(穿过）,
against（反对，倚靠着）,
along（沿着）,
among（在......之间）,
around（在.....周围）,
as（作为）,
at（在
以）,
below（在.....下面）,
between（在......之间）,
beyond（在......之外）,
by（被，由，
乘、坐、通过，在旁边，
不迟于）,
during（在......期间）,
except（除......外）,
for（为了，由于，达、计，给,
对.....来说）,
from（从）,
in（在.....里）,
of（.....的）,
on（在.....上面）,
to（朝、向、对着）,
through（穿过）,
under（在.....下面）,
with（和、跟、与，带、有，用），into（到.....里）,
onto（到....上）,
throughout（在各处）,
upon（在.....上面）,
within（在....以内）,
without（没有），according
to（根据）,
because
of（因为）,
instead
of（代替）,
in
spite
of（尽管，不管）,
due
to（由于）,
owing
to（由于）,
thanks
to（多亏）,
apart
from（除......外）,
next
to（在.....旁边),
in
front
of(在.....前面）like（像）,
unlike（不像）,
near（在.....附近）,
after(在....以后）,
before（在....之前）,
until（直到....为止）,
since（自从）,
as（作为）
易混介词辨析
1．
表示时间的介词
(1)
in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。如：
in
July/summer/2000/ancient
times
The
bus
will
be
here
in
ten
minutes.
(2)
on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如：on
Saturday,
on
Saturday
morning,
on
the
morning
of
August
1st
(3)
at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如：
at
six
o'clock,
at
Easter
(4)
over,
through
(out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。如：
Stay
over
the
Christmas.
She
worked
through
the
night
last
Friday.
(5)
for与since：for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度，为“长达……”之意；since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间；含有since时间短语的句子要用完成时，但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。如：
I
have
been
there
for
six
years.
We
have
not
seen
each
other
since
1993.
(6)
during指“在……时期/时间内”，必须接表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。如：
She
was
ill
for
a
week,
and
during
that
week
she
ate
little.
2．
表示地点的介词
(1)
above,
below，over,
under，on,
on
top
of,
beneath,
underneath:
above和below分别表示“高于”和“低于”的意思，不一定指垂直方向上的上下；over和under分别表示垂直方向上的上下或高低；on/on
top
of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意义上的上下。以上三组介词互为反义词。如：
The
temple
stands
on
top
of
the
hill.
The
pen
is
beneath
the
book.
There
is
a
lamp
on
the
desk.
(2)
at,
on,
in：at指小地点或集会场合；on表示线或面上的位置；in表示在立体、区域或环境内，特别是那些较大，能够容纳相应事物的环境。如：
He
works
at
Peking
University.
Your
radio
is
on
the
desk.
He's
sitting
in
the
sun.
(3)
between与among：between用来说明“在……两者之间”或“三个以上人或事物中的每两者之间的相互关系”；among用来说明“在……三者以上之间”的相互关系；among可以用来表示没有确定数目的物体之间的相互关系。如：
There
is
a
small
river
between
the
two
villages.
The
book
is
the
best
among
these
modern
novels.
The
relations
between
various
countries
are
very
important.
3．
表示原因的介词。
(1)
for常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。如：
They
will
reward
you
for
your
help.
(2)
from和out
of常常表示动机或原因；through表示消极或间接的原因。如：
He
feels
weak
from
lack
of
sleep.
He
broke
down
through
overwork.
4．
表示目的的介词
for和to都可以引导目的地。for表示拟定的接收人或目的，for跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后，如：leave,
set
out,
start,
depart,
sail等；to表示实际的接收人或目的，to跟在含有方向性的动词后，如：go,
come,
run,
walk,
move,
fly,
drive,
ride等。如：
We
have
left
for
Hong
Kong.
He
flew
to
America.
5．
表示“关于……”的介词
一般about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体；on用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中；of用于动词talk,
read,
know,
hear等的后面。如：
What
are
you
talking
about?
in
terms
of
natural
resources
6．
表示原料的介词
of和out
of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质；from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质。如：
His
house
was
built
of
brick.
He
made
these
toys
out
of
old
cigar?boxes.
Steel
is
made
from
iron.
7．
表示价格的介词
at和for都可表示价格，at仅表示价格；for还表示“交换”。如：
Eggs
are
sold
at
95
cents
a
dozen
here.
I
bought
that
box
for
five
pounds.
表示原因(通常在句中作状语),
意为“由于，因为”。
because
of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on
account
of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
9.
表示“除……之外”。
with
the
exception
of＝
except,
except
for“除……之外”；
apart
from
(＝美式英语中的aside
from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之
外”，相当于except
(for),
又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in
addition
to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
9.表示“就……而论”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with
respect
to“关于，就……而言”；
as
for和as
to用于句首时表示“至于”。
10.
表示“在……之前”。
ahead
of=in
advance
of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更
早”，
还可表示“领先，优于”；
in
front
of
多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
11.
表示“支持，赞成”。
in
support
of
维护，支持，支援；
in
favor
of
可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”。
12.
表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in
the
light
of
按照，考虑到
in
terms
of
就……而言，谈到
according
to
根据；按照
in
view
of
鉴于，因为
四、常见的介词搭配
1．
“介词＋
名词”型
(1)
in
＋
名词
in
advance
在前头，事先，预先
in
case
如果，万一
in
charge
主管，掌管，看管
in
common
共有，共同，公有
in
demand
有需要的
in
doubt
感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in
effect
实际上，生效
in
fact
事实上
in
order
按序，井然有序，情况良好；
恰当
in
progress
进行中
in
return
作为回报
in
turn
依次，替换地；相应地，转而
in
vain
徒劳
(2)
on＋
名词
on
guard
在值勤
on
leave
在休假
on
holiday
在度假
on
strike
罢工
on
sale
出售
on
loan
借贷
on＋the＋名词
on
the
move
在移动，搬迁；离开
on
the
march
在行军
on
the
flow
在涨潮
on
the
increase
正在增加
on
the
go
正在活动，正在奔走
on
the
air
正在广播
on
the
fly
正在飞行
(3)
beyond
＋名词
beyond
one's
power
是某人力所不及的
beyond
praise
夸不胜夸
beyond
one's
reach
够不着
beyond
description
难以形容
beyond
words
无法用语言形容
beyond
doubt
无疑
beyond
one's
understanding
无法理解
(4)
under
＋
名词
under
development
在发展中
under
observation
在观察中
under
test
在测试中
under
construction
在建设中
under
examination
在检查(调查)中
under
consideration
在考虑中
under
repair
在修理中
(5)
at
＋
名词
at
length
详细地，长时间
at
sea
茫然
at
will
任意地
at
work
在上班
at
lunch
在吃午饭
at
rest
在休息
at
table
在吃饭
at
school
上学
at
church
做礼拜
at
peace
处于和平状态
(6)
out
of
＋
名词
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
date
过时
out
of
patience
不耐烦
out
of
control
失去控制
out
of
business
破产
out
of
style
过时，不时髦
out
of
the
ordinary
不寻常的
out
of
touch
失去联系
2．“形容词＋介词”型
at前的adj.：angry,
good,
bad,
surprised,
excited,
puzzled等。
of前的adj.：afraid,
sure,
certain,
full,
tired,
fond,
proud,
worthy等。
with前的adj.:
angry,
strict,
busy,
careful,
popular,
patient等。
in前的adj.：strict,
weak,
interested,
successful,
rich等。
to前的adj.：polite,
kind,
cruel,
rude,
close,
available等。
for前的adj.：sorry,
famous,
fit,
unfit,
eager,
anxious，(be)
hungry/thirsty等。
from前的adj.：far,
different,
free,
safe等。
about前的adj.：worried,
anxious,
careful，curious等。
3．
“名词＋介词”型
the
key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to；
wish/desire/prize/respect…for；
pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on
一、单选
1.Everybody
was
touched
_________
words
after
they
heard
her
moving
story.
A.
beyond
B.
without
C.
of
D.
in
【解析】答案为A
。beyond
words表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后，他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。
2.Try
on
this
red
skirt;
you
will
look
great
it.
A.
on
B.
by
C.
in
D.
for
【解析】答案为C。
Sth.
be
on
sb.
“衣服穿在某人身上”；sb.
be
in
sth“某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为C。
3.—How
amazing
it
is
that
astronauts
are
exploring
outer
space!
—It’s
a
challenge,
I
guess,
man
against
nature.
A.
of
B.
for
C.
by
D.
about
【解析】答案为A。应答句中的I
guess是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge连用，表所属，用of，选A。
4.He
invited
me
to
a
dance
after
the
show
Christmas
Eve.
A.
at
B.
on
C.
in
D.
by
【解析】答案为B。此处介词位于具体节日（日期）前，用on。
The
wine
industry
in
the
area
has
developed
in
a
special
way,
________
little
foreign
ownership.
A.
by
B.
of
C.
with
D.
from
【解析】答案为C。句意：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着，具有很少的外国所有权。with：具有，带有，表伴随。
6.Children
need
friends
their
own
age
to
play
with.
A
of
B
for
C
in
D
at
【解析】答案为A。考查名词的双重所有格。friends
of
their
own
age意思是“跟他们自己年龄相同的朋友”，选A项符合句意。其他选项不能构成所有关系。
7.It
saves
time
in
the
kitchen
to
have
things
you
use
a
lot
_______
easy
reach.
A.
near
B.
upon
C.
within
D.
around
【解析】答案为C。句意：厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。within
easy
reach在容易达到……的地方；在……的附近。
8.A
great
person
is
always
putting
others’
interests
_________
his
own.
A.
below
B.
above
C.
in
D.
on
【解析】答案为B。put
other’s
interests
above
one’s
own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。
Most
Americans
would
prefer
to
keep
their
problems
themselves,
and
solve
their
problems
______
themselves.
A.
to;
by
B.
by;
to
C.
for;
to
D.
in;
on
【解析】答案为A。句意：大多数美国人宁愿让他们面对自己的问题并自己解决他们的问题。by
oneself表示“单独地，独自地”的意思。
10.Jenny
nearly
missed
the
flight
______
doing
too
much
shopping.
A.
as
a
result
of
B.
on
top
of
C.
in
front
of
D.
in
need
of
【解析】答案为A。as
a
result
of意为“由于……的结果”。
11.The
art
show
was
_______
being
a
failure;
it
was
a
great
success.
A.
far
from
B.
along
with
C.
next
to
D.
regardless
of
【解析】答案为A。句意：艺术表演远非是失败的；它是一个巨大的成功。far
from意为“远离(远远不)”；along
with意为“与……一道(又)，连同……一起,
随同……一起，沿[顺]着”；next
to意为“次于(紧跟在……之后的)”；regardless
of意为“不顾，不惜”。由句意可知选A。
This
special
school
accepts
all
disabled
students,
__
educational
level
and
background.
A.
according
to
B.
regardless
of
C.
in
addition
to
D.
in
terms
of
【解析】答案为B。according
to意为“根据”；regardless
of意为“不管，不顾”；in
addition
to意为“另外”；in
terms
of意为“就……而言”。句意：这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。
13.You’d
sound
a
lot
more
polite
if
you
make
a
request
______
a
question.
A.
in
search
of
B.
in
the
form
of
C.
in
need
of
D.
in
the
direction
of
【解析】答案为B。以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌。in
the
form
of意为“以……方式”符合句意。in
search
of意为“寻找”；in
need
of意为“需要”；in
the
direction
of意为“朝……方向”。
句意：如果你以问题的形式提出要求，那么会显得更有礼貌。
14.His
efforts
to
raise
money
for
his
program
were
______
because,
no
one
showed
any
intention
to
take
a
cent
out
of
their
pockets.
A.
in
place
B.
in
sight
C.
in
effect
D.
in
vain
【解析】答案为D。根据下文no
one
showed
any
intention
to
take
a
cent
out
of
their
pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择in
vain。in
place“和平地”，in
sight“在视程内”，in
effect“实际上”。
15.
It
is
illegal
for
a
public
official
to
ask
people
for
gifts
or
money
____________favors
to
them.
A.
in
preference
to
B
.
in
place
of
C.
in
agreement
with
D.
in
exchange
for
【解析】答案为D。in
preference
to
（优先于）；
in
exchange
for
（交换）；in
place
of
(代替)；
in
agreement
with
（同意，与……一致）。句意：政府官员为某人提供便利或帮助，以换取礼物或金钱，这种行为是非法的。
So
far
we
have
done
a
lot
to
build
a
low-carbon
economy,
but
it
is
________ideal.
We
have
to
work
still
harder.
A.
next
to
B.
far
from
C.
out
of
D.
due
to
【解析】答案为B。“到目前为止我们为打造低碳经济已经做了很多努力，但是这远远不够。我们还要继续努力。”题目中的“ideal”是指“完美的，理想的”，“far
from
ideal”
“离完美还很远，远远不够”，“far
from”
一般加名词或者形容词，表示“离……很远，或者达不到……状态”。
“next
to”
“靠近”，意义相反。
“out
of”
“出于”，相当于“with”；“due
to”后面一般跟名词，解释为“由于”，相当于”“because
of”。
Nowadays
some
hospitals
refer
to
patients
name,
not
case
number.
A.
of
B.
as
C.
by
D.
with
【解析】答案为C。by以……的方式。句意：现在有些医院以名字来称呼病人，而不是以病号来称呼。
My
father
warned
me
_______
going
to
the
West
Coast
because
it
was
crowed
with
tourists.
A.
by
B.
on
C.
for
D.
against
【解析】答案为D。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn
sb.
against
doing
sth.
相当于warn
sb.
not
to
do
sth，意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。
句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。
More
and
more
high—rise
buildings
have
been
built
in
big
cities
_________space.
A.
in
search
of
B.
in
place
of
C.
for
lack
of
D.
for
fear
of
【解析】答案为C。in
search
of意为“寻找”；in
place
of意为“代替”；for
lack
of意为“因缺乏”；for
fear
of意为“生怕，以免”。句意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在许多大城市建了起来。
20.
I
agree
to
his
suggestion
______the
condition
that
he
drops
all
charges.
A.
by
B.
in
C.
on
D.
to
【解析】答案为C。介词on
和the
condition
that一起相当一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。
句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。
单项选择
（
）1._________
good
service,
the
restaurant
offers
different
kinds
of
traditional
Fujian
dished.
A.
Far
from
B.
Apart
from
C.
Instead
of
D.
Regardless
of
（
）2.
For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
_________a
monkey.
21
cnjy
com
A.?in
the
shape
of?????B.?beyond
the
reach
of??????C.?at
the
mercy
of????D.?on
the
side
of
（
）3.With
the
development
of
economy,
our
income
has
increased
________
10%
recently.
A.?by????????????????????B.?in?????????????????????????????????????????C.?on???????????????????????????????D.?at
(
)4.The
law
requires
that
everyone
should
be
equal
________
race,
religion
or
sex.
A.?in
search
for????????B.?in
support
of?????????C.?on
behalf
of??????????????????D.?regardless
of
(
)5.With
the
development
of
the
Belt
and
Road,
China
will
contribute
more
to
the
world
________
infrastructure
investment.
www-2-1-cnjy-com
A.?in
light
of???????B.?in
defense
of???????????C.?in
anticipation
of??????????D.?in
respect
of
(
)6.
5G
has
faster
data
transmission,
lower
delay
and
stronger
mobility
________
the
conventional
4G.
A.?in
charge
of???????????B.?in
contrast
to????????????C.?in
defense
of???????????????D.?in
proportion
to
(
)7.
I'm
sorry
I
didn't
phone
you,
but
I've
been
very
busy
______
the
past
couple
of
weeks.
A.?beyond?????????????
??B.?with?????????????????????????C.?among????????????????????????????D.?over
(
)8.
President
Trump
agreed
to
cancel
a
planned
Jan.
1
tariff
increase
on
Chinese
products
_______
purchases
of
American
farm,
energy
and
industrial
goods.
21
A.?in
line
with?????????????B.?in
reply
to????????????C.?in
return
for?????????????????D.?in
honor
com
(
)9.
Since
COVID?19
has
largely
been
brought
________，
people
in
China
are
returning
to
their
work
in
an
orderly
manner.
21·世纪
教育网
A.?under
control????????????????B.?under
way????????????????C.?under
discussion????????????????D.?under
threat
(
)10.
Strict
measures
have
been
taken
to
control
houses
prices,
which
will
_______
contribute
to
a
sustainable
economy
in
the
long
term.
A.?in
return???????????B.?in
effect????????????????????????C.?in
advance?????????????????D.?in
turn
二、单句语法填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
________
dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
2．(2019·北京卷)First
celebrated
________
1970，the
Day
now
includes
events
in
more
than
190
countries
and
regions
(地区)．
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn
uses
less
water
________rice
and
creates
less
fertilizer
(化肥)
runoff.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This
trend，which
was
started
by
the
medical
community
(医学界)________a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease，has
had
some
unintended
side
effects
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease—the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
________work.
6．________tracking
people's
e?mails
and
online
posts，scientists
have
found
that
good
news
can
spread
faster
and
farther
than
disasters
and
sob
stories.
7．________the
amazement
of
these
scientists，they
discovered
that
blood
passing
through
the
brain，when
it
is
active，shows
no
fatigue
(疲劳)
at
all.
8．I
wonder
what
you
had
________mind
when
asked
about
your
dream
university.
9．Many
of
today's
travelers
are
looking________an
unusual
experience
and
adventure
travel
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular.
10．Oprah
Winfrey
is
a
highly
successful
businesswoman
and
is
probably
best
known
________
the
presenter
of
a
very
popular
talk
show.
三、短文语法填空
When
I
was
a
child
in
the
1970s，my
family
was
very
poor，just
1.________
other
average
families
in
the
countryside.The
second?hand
clothes，rain?leaking
roof
of
old
house
became
part
of
my
memory.However，the
worst
2.________
(impress)
is
that
I
was
feeling
hungry
all
the
time.Sometimes
hunger
hit
me
so
severely
3.________
I
regarded
dried
sweet
potato
slices
as
delicious
snack.At
that
time，my
dream
was
getting
enough
to
fill
my
empty
stomach.
In
the
early
years
of
1980s，as
the
reform
and
opening?up
policy
4.________
(carry)
out，the
children's
dream
came
true.And
then，5.________
dream
became
clearer
and
clearer
in
my
mind.I
must
try
my
best
to
escape
out
of
my
poor
and
backward
hometown.I
worked
6.________
(hard)
at
my
study
than
most
of
my
classmates，and，after
luckily
7.________
(succeed)
in
the
national
college
entrance
examination，I
realized
my
dream
again:
after
graduation，I
became
a
citizen
working
in
a
city.8.________
the
first
college
graduate
out
of
a
remote
village，my
success
set
9.________
example
for
my
folks.They
came
to
realize
that
schooling
is
a
good
way
to
change
one's
fate
(命运)．In
the
following
years，there
were
fewer
drop?outs
and
more
college
graduates
in
my
village，of
10.________
I
am
proud
even
today.
连词是一种虚词，不能担任句子成分。连词是高考必考考点。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。
I.连词分类及作用
连词
并列连词
表示平行或对等关系
and，or，
neither…nor
，not
only…but
also，both…and...，as
well
as
表示转折关系
but，yet，while，however
表示选择关系
or，otherwise，not...but，either...or...
表示因果关系
so，therefore
从属连词
引导宾语从句
that，if，whether
引导时间状语从句
when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as?soon?as
引导原因状语从句
because，since，as
引导条件状语从句
if，unless，once
引导目的状语从句
so,so?that，in?order?that
引导让步状语从句
although，though，even?if，even?though
引导地点状语从句
where，?wherever
引导比较状语从句
than，as
引导方式状语从句
as，as?if，as?though
引导结果状语从句
so，so?that，so...that...，such...that...
II.常用连词用法解析
一：??并列连词?
1．表示平行或对等关系?。
and和?；?or或者；??both...and...两者都；?neither...nor...既不......也不......；not?only...but(also)....不但......而且......?；as?well?as也?
They?are?singing?and?dancing?in?the?classroom.?
My?father?never?smokes?or?drinks.?
Not?only?you?but?also?she?has?to?clean?the?classroom.?
Jack?as?well?as?his?sisters?likes?to?play?the?piano.????
2．表示转折关系。?
but但是；however
然而（其后通常加逗号）；yet然而；?while然而；?while而，常用来表示前后鲜明的对比?
She?hasn't?got?a?computer,?but?her?brother?has.?
It?will?be?sunny?but?cold.?
Some?people?love?pets,?while?others?hate?them.?
These?apples?don't?look?nice,?yet?lots?of?people?buy?them.????
3．表示选择关系。?
or或者；否则?????not...but...不是......而是......；?either...or...或者......或者......连接两个主语时，谓语动词应当与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。?
在并列的否定句中，用or代替and构成完全否定，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，用and而不用or连接。?
Don't?ride?so?fast?or?you'll?get?hurt.?
Either?he?or?I?am?going?to?the?movie.?
4.
表示因果关系。
for因为???so因此，所以?
The?days?are?short,?for?it?is?November?now.?
I?felt?very?tired?so?I?went?to?bed?early.
二：从属连词?
1.
引导宾语从句的从属连词。主要有that(无词义，可省略)，if和whether。whether可与or?not连用，在句中不作成分，在ask，wonder，not?know,?want?to?know，not?be?sure等后常用whether或if从句，而不用that从句。?
The?foreigner?asked?me?if?I?could?speak?English.?
2．引导时间状语从句的从属连词。主要有when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as?soon?as等。?
I?arrived?at?the?airport?after?the?plane?had?taken?off.?
The?boy?left?the?classroom?before?the?teacher?came?in.?
How?long?is?it?since?you?moved?to?Beijing?
3.
引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要有because，since，as等。?
She?isn't?going?with?us?because?she?has?a?bad?headache.?
Since?you?are?busy,?I?have?to?go?there?alone.?
4．引导条件状语从句的从属连词。主要有if，unless，once等。当从句中需用一般将来时的时候，总是用一般现在时去代替。?
The?sports?meeting?will?continue?unless?it?rains?this?afternoon.?
If??(it?is)?necessary,?call?me?at?once.
You'll?fail?the?test?unless?you?work?harder.?
5．引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要有so,so?that，in?order?that等。?
Give?her?a?map?so?she?won't?get?lost.?
Read?loudly?so?that?we?can?hear?you?clearly.?
6．引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要有even?if，even?though，(although)though等。but和(although)though不能同时出现在一个句子中。although?比though更正式。?
The?story?is?hard?to?understand?though?there?are?no?new?words?in?it.?
Although?everyone?tried?his?best,?we?lost?the?match.?
7．引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要有where?wherever。?
Please?stay?where?you?are.?
I'll?be?thinking?of?you?wherever?you?are.?
8．引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要有than，as等，?在as(so)...as中，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。?
Do?you?think?that?art?is?as?interesting?as?music??
She?doesn't?study?as?hard?as?her?brother.?
My?sister?dances?better?than?I.?
9．引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要有as，as?if，as?though。?
The?little?boy?does?as?his?father?tells?him.
She?remembers?the?whole?thing?as?if?it?happened?yesterday.?
10．引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要有so，so?that，so...that...，such...that...等。?
The?mountain?was?so?steep?that?few?people?reached?the?top.
三：???易混连词?????
1.
when，while，as?
三者均可译为“在......时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。?
He?was?riding?to?school?when?he?was?hit?by?a?car?this?morning.?
You'd?better?turn?off?the?water?while?you?brush?your?teeth.?
She?sang?as?she?walked.??
2．so...that...，such...that...?
so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词的单数＋that从句；?
so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句；?
such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句；?
such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋that从句。?
She?is?so?beautiful?a?girl?that?we?all?like?her.?
She?is?such?a?good?girl?that?we?all?like?her.?
There?are?so?many?students?on?the?playground.?
I.
单句语法填空
1.(2020?全国卷Ⅲ)
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist
2．(2019·全国卷III)On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
hard
that
we
couldn’t
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to
get
there．
3.(2018·浙江卷改编)Many
westerners
who
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
_______
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
4.(2018·北京卷·2)
we
don't
stop
climate
change,
many
animals
and
plants
in
the
world
will
be
gone.?
5.(2018·天津卷·4改编)Let's
not
pick
these
peaches
until
this
weekend
so
they
get
sweet
enough
to
be
eaten.?
6.(2018·江苏卷·29) you
can
sleep
well,
you
will
lose
the
ability
to
focus,
plan
and
stay
motivated
after
one
or
two
nights.?
7.(2017·北京，28)If
you
don’t
understand
something，you
may
research，study，and
talk
to
other
people
______
you
figure
it
out.
8.(2017·天津，4)She
asked
me
______
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library，and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn’t.
9.(2016·课标Ⅲ，65)Over
time，
______
the
population
grew，people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.
10.(2016·四川，66)
_____
it
cried，she
rocked
it
back
and
forth
and
gave
it
little
comforting
pats.
11.(2016·北京，33)I
really
enjoy
listening
to
music
______
it
helps
me
relax
and
takes
my
mind
away
from
other
cares
of
the
day.
12.(2015·北京，32)
___
the
damage
is
done，it
will
take
many
years
for
the
farmland
to
recover.
13.(2015·江苏，26)It
is
so
cold
that
you
can’t
go
outside
______
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
14.(2015·天津，12)We
need
to
get
to
the
root
of
the
problem
______
we
can
solve
it.
15.(2014·山东，2)I
don’t
really
like
the
author，
___
I
have
to
admit
his
books
are
very
exciting.
16.(2014·江西，35)It
was
the
middle
of
the
night
______
my
father
woke
me
up
and
told
me
to
watch
the
football
game.
17.(2014·陕西，24)The
young
couple
who
returned
my
lost
wallet，left
______
I
could
ask
for
their
names.
18.(2014·辽宁，69)Oh…，______
you
don’t
mind，I'll
stop
and…
19.(2014·湖南，26)You
will
never
gain
success
______
you
are
fully
devoted
to
your
work.
20.(2013·安徽，23)It's
much
easier
to
make
friends
______
you
have
similar
interests.
21.(2013·湖南，23)You
must
learn
to
consult
your
feelings
and
your
reason
______
you
reach
any
decision.
22.(2020·浙江，58)
Farming
produced
more
food
per
person
hunting
and
gathering.
23.(2020·浙江，65)It’s
also
that
they
are
on
average
healthier
_______
more
productive
for
longer.
24.
______you
are
time
poor,
you
need
run
for
only
half
the
time
to
get
the
same
benefits
as
other
sports.
25.It
was
raining
lightly_______
I
arrived
in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.
II语法填空(2020·河南省郑州市高三测试)
Near
the
town
of
Montignac
in
Southern
France,
visitors
can
find
some
of
the
most
beautiful
cave
paintings
in
the
world—the
Lascaux
Cave
Paintings
(拉斯科洞窟壁画).
The
history
of
these
paintings
is
very
interesting.
Most
caves
are
formed
__1__
nature
under
the
ground,
but
some
have
entrances
people
can
find.
That's
just
what
happened
one
day
in
1940.
Four
boys
were
taking
__2__
walk
in
the
woods
near
Montignac.
As
they
walked
along,
one
of
them
noticed
an
unusual
rock.
__3__
they
got
closer,
they
found
it
wasn't
a
rock
but
an
opening
in
the
ground.
This
opening
led
to
a
cave,
so
they
decided
to
have
a
look
around
it.
The
walls
of
the
cave
were
__4__
(cover)
with
ancient
art.
The
boys
didn't
know
it,
but
the
cave
was
the
find
of
the
century!
Over
the
years,
many
historians
and
artists
came
to
study
the
art.
They
wanted
to
understand
who
painted
the
pictures
and
__5__
they
might
mean.
They
soon
realized
some
of
the
art
indicated
animals
that
were
on
Earth
a
long
time
ago.
Many
of
the
pictures
also
showed
people
__6__
(follow)
animals
and
trying
to
kill
them
for
food.
In
the
end,
historians
agreed
that
this
was
likely
to
be
the
art
of
a
civilization
that
existed
over
15,000
years
ago.
By
1950,
over
a
thousand
people
from
all
over
the
world
were
visiting
the
cave
every
day.
But
by
1955,
the
paintings
were
beginning
to
become
difficult
__7__
(see).
Many
people
were
passing
through
the
cave,
so
the
paintings
were
losing
their
color.__8__
(sad),
people
can
no
longer
visit
the
cave.
However,
another
set
of
cave
paintings
has
been
created.
These
paintings
look
exactly
the
same
__9__
the
Lascaux
Cave
Paintings.
People
__10__
(make)
the
paintings
so
that
everyone
can
still
learn
about
this
great
ancient
civilization.
一、单项填空：
1∽5
BAADD
6∽10
BDCAD
二、单句语法填空：1.
of
2.
in
3.
than
4.
as
5.
from
6.
by
7.
To
8.
in
9.
for
10.
as
三、短文语法填空：
1.
like
2.
impression
3.
that
4.
was
carried
5.
another
6.
harder
7.
succeeding
8.
as
9.
an
10.
which
I.
单句语法填空
1.When/As
2.
so
3.Once
4.
if
5.
that
6.
unless
7.
until
8.
whether/if
9.
as/when
10.
When/If
11.
because
12.
Once/
If/When
13.
unless
14.
before
15.
though
16.
when
17.
before
18.
If
19.
unless
20.
if/when
21.
before
22.
than
23.
and
24.
If
25.
when
II语法填空(2020·河南省郑州市高三测试)
by
2.
a
3.
When/As
4.
covered
5.
what
6.
following
7.
to
see
8.
Sadly
9.
as
10
have
made