2020学年第一学期向明中学期中考
高二英语试卷
I.
Listening
Comprehension
(20分，每题1分)
Section
A
(10分)
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
a
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversations
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
A.
90
yuan.
B.19
yuan.
C.
45
yuan.
D.
9.5
yuan.
2.
A.
She
promises
to
meet
Jim
tomorrow.
B.
She
promises
to
answer
phone
calls
for
Jim.
C.
She
promises
to
go
to
a
meeting
with
Jim.
D.
She
promises
to
send
a
message
to
Jim.
3.
A.
It
is
well
paid.
B.
It
is
near
his
home.
C.
It
has
long
working
hours.
D.
It
is
an
easy
job.
4.
A.
9:15.
B.
9:45.
C.
9:50.
D.
10:15..
5.
A.
China
B.
India
C.
Norway
D.
London
6.
A.
He
didn’t
want
to
fly.
B.
He
had
an
accident
on
his
way
to
the
airport.
C.
He
was
unable
to
leave
immediately.
D.
He
didn’t
want
to
take
the
exam.
7.
A.
They
are
near
a
window
store.
B.
They
are
in
front
of
their
house.
C.
They
are
the
traffic
lights.
D.
They
are
in
front
of
a
furniture
store.
8.
A.
He
left
his
lab
and
went
on
vacation.
B.
He
locked
his
lab.
C.
He
came
back
early
to
work.
D
He
went
to
give
a
lecture.
9.
A.
She
plans
to
travel.
B.
She
plans
to
move
to
Europe.
C.
She
plans
to
visit
her
friend
in
Europe.
D.
She
plans
to
learn
foreign
languages.
10.
A.
Connie
and
David
have
changed.
B.
David
wants
to
talk
to
Connie.
C.
Connie
and
David
are
planning
a
trip
together.
D.
Connie
and
David
have
many
friends.
Section
B
(10分)
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
two
short
passages
and
one
longer
conversation,
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
passages
and
the
conversation.
The
passages
and
the
conversation
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
Questions
11
through
13
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
11.
A.
They
knew
they
had
to
make
stone
tools.
B.
The
weather
in
Asia
and
Africa
was
warm.
C.
There
were
lots
of
animals
at
that
time.
D.
They
had
plenty
of
food
to
eat.
12.
A.
They
had
the
kind
of
tools
needed
to
kill
large
animals.
B.
The
hunters
were
very
strong.
C.
There
are
too
many
animals
to
hunt.
D.
People
did
not
eat
too
much
meat.
13.
A.
Those
places
where
a
kind
of
food
was
plenty.
B.
Those
places
where
there
were
large
animals.
C.
Those
places
where
various
food
could
be
found.
D.
Those
places
where
materials
for
tool-making
were
plenty.
Questions
14
through
16
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
14.
A.
The
layout
of
the
laboratory.
B.
A
laboratory
experiment.
C.
The
workbook
for
the
laboratory
course.
D.
A
piece
of
equipment.
15.
A.
The
activities
to
be
done
during
class.
B.
The
activities
take
less
time.
C.
No
equipment
is
needed
for
the
activities.
D.
Few
instructions
are
given
for
activities.
16.
A.
At
the
beginning
of
the
semester.
B.
When
the
students
need
to
be
motivated.
C.
After
the
first
laboratory
experiment.
D.
When
the
students
have
done
good
work.
Questions
17
to
20
are
based
on
the
following
conversation.
17.
A.
It
was
established
ten
years
ago.
B.
Its
headquarters
is
in
Britain.
C.
It
turns
to
force
to
solve
environmental
problems.
D.
It
is
a
non-profit
organization.
18.
A.
Anti-animal-abuse
demonstrations.
B.
Anti-nuclear
campaigns.
C.
Surveying
the
Atlantic
Ocean
floor.
D.
Removing
industrial
waste.
19.
A.
By
troubling
and
annoying
them.
B.
By
taking
legal
action.
C.
By
appealing
to
the
public.
D.
By
using
force.
20.
A.
Doubtful.
B.
Indifferent.
C.
Opposed.
D.
Supportive.
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
(10分，每题1分)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Female
Entertainers
Fight
Ageism
in
the
Reality
Show
A
band
of
entertainment
industry
"has-beens"
has
stepped
back
into
the
spotlight
in
Older
Sisters
Riding
Winds
and
Breaking
Waves.
It
is
a
girl
group
knockout
reality
show
____1____
(feature)
performers
older
than
30.
Produced
by
Mango
TV,
the
reality
show
has
made
huge
waves
across
China's
social
platforms.The
show
consists
of
30
seasoned,
established
female
singers,
actors
and
hosts,
____2____were
born
before
1990.
"____3____
some
possibilities
in
life
fade
after
you
hit
30,
you
can
still
transcend
time
and
reinvent
yourself,"
reads
part
of
the
show's
preamble(开场白),
conveying
a
clear
message
____4____
the
ageism
facing
women.
Some
contestants
spoke
out
about
their
attitude
towards
aging
and
age
discrimination.
Wu
Xin,
37,
a
hostess
on
the
popular
variety
show
Happy
Camp,
____5____(voice)
her
opinion,
believing
she's
at
the
best
age
of
her
life.
"I
used
to
limit
myself
due
to
a
narrow
vision,
and
thus
missed
a
lot
of
opportunities.
____6____I
get
older,
I've
come
to
realize
that
I
can
do
many
things,
so
I
decided
_____7_____(seize)
this
chance
to
stretch
myself,"
she
said.
While
some
people
see
the
successfully
staged
show
as
a
progression
in
challenging
society’s
youth-obsessed
pop
culture,
____8____
remain
doubtful
and
critical.
Some
viewers
reveal
that
their
anxiety
towards
aging
has
gotten
_____9_____
(bad)
after
watching
the
show.
“My
heart
quivered
as
I
heard
50-year-old
Christy
Chung
say
she
still
feels
as
young
as
20
physically
and
would
always
be
18
at
heart.
The
show
actually
points
out
the
possibility
____10____a
woman’s
actual
age
is
neither
acceptable
for
the
public
nor
for
herself,”
reads
a
Weibo
post
by
Tang
Shuang,
a
senior
fashion
editor
of
Vogue
China.
【答案】1.
featuring
2.
who
3.
Even
though/
Even
if
4.
against
5.
voiced
6.
As
7.
to
seize
8.
others
9.
worse
10.
that
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是电视真人秀节目---
“乘风破浪”的姐姐，由30岁以上的女子团体组成的电视节目在中国的社交平台上掀起了女艺人在真人秀中与年龄歧视作斗争的巨大浪潮。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个以30岁以上的演员为对象的女子团体真人秀。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语（show）之间是逻辑主动的关系。故答案为featuring。
【2题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：该节目由30位90年前出生的资深女歌手、演员和主持人组成。设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为female
singers,
actors
and
hosts。关系代词为who。故答案为who。
【3题详解】
考查从属连词。句意:
即使30岁以后，生活中的一些可能性消失了，你仍然可以超越时间，重新塑造自己。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为引导词引导状语从句，结合句意，可知主句和从句之间是相反关系，应用even
if/even
though
(即使)。故答案为Even
if/Even
though。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：虽然过了30岁，生活中的一些可能性会消失，但你仍然可以超越时间，重塑自我，该剧的序言中这样写道，明确表达了反对女性年龄歧视的观点。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为介词，再结合上句“ 3
some
possibilities
in
life
fade
after
you
hit
30,
you
can
still
transcend
time
and
reinvent
yourself,”
即使30岁以后，生活中的一些可能性消失了，你仍然可以超越时间，重新塑造自己。可知是明确表达了反对女性年龄歧视的观点。against(反对)为介词，故答案为against。
【5题详解】
考查谓语的时态和语态。句意：37岁的吴欣是人气综艺节目《快乐大本营》的主持人，她表达了自己的观点，认为自己正处于人生的最佳年龄。分析句子的结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语（Wu
Xin）之间是主动关系；叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故答案为voiced。
【6题详解】
考查连词。句意：随着年龄的增长，我意识到我可以做很多事情，所以我决定抓住这个机会锻炼自己。设空处应为转语从句，结合句意，此处表示“随着”。as(在…时候、以…方式、随着)为连词。故答案为As。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。固定用法decide
to
do
sth决定作某事。故答案为to
seize。
【8题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：虽然有些人认为这场成功的演出是对当今社会迷恋年轻人的流行文化的挑战，但也有人持怀疑态度和批评态度。此句为while(尽管)引导的让步状语从句，此处表示一些人以及另一些人的观点；some…,others…一些人…...，另一些人…...；故答案为others。
【9题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：一些观众透露，看完这个节目后，他们对衰老的焦虑变得更严重了。结合句意，此处表示在看节目之前与看节目之后相比，应用比较级。故答案为worse。
【10题详解】
考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：《Vogue》中国版高级时尚编辑唐双在微博上写道，这个节目实际上指出了一种可能性，即公众和她自己都不能接受一个女人的实际年龄。设空处为引导词引导的同位语从句，从句不缺成分且表达完整的含义。故答案为that。
Section
B(10分，每题1分)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
No
More
Food
Waste
Last
week
Meituan
co-published
a
proposal
with
a
number
of
business
organizations,
including
the
China
General
Chamber
of
Commerce
and
China
Cuisine
Association,
calling
on
restaurants
to
stop
food
waste
and
help
____11____new
eating
habits
for
customers.
“Restaurants
should
innovate
means
of
publicity
using
official
accounts
on
social
media
and
live-streaming
to
promote
and
advocate
food-saving
actions,”
the
proposal
said.
Meituan
and
the
organizations
are
advocating
that
merchants
offer
____12____
to
consumers,
including
reminding
them
during
the
ordering
process
about
the
taste
of
the
ingredients,
portion
sizes
and
other
information
about
the
dishes,
to
help
them
avoid
food
waste
due
to
____13____
information.
Catering
associations
in
more
than
18
provinces
have
also
joined
the
campaign
to
eliminate
food
waste.
On
Friday
the
China
Cuisine
Association
announced
that
it
had
____14____
up
with
Ele.me,
the
Alibaba
Group
Holding-owned
food
delivery
platform,
to
launch
a
“half-dish
plan”,
____15____restaurants
to
provide
customers
with
the
option
to
order
smaller
portions.
The
Wuhan
Catering
Association
____16____
an
“N-1”
ordering
code
for
restaurants
in
which
a
group
of
10
diners
would
only
order
enough
for
nine
people.
More
food
is
only
brought
to
the
table
if
required.
To
curb
(限制)
portrayals
of
food
waste
on
social
media
platforms,
popular
Chinese
video
platforms
such
as
Douyin
and
Kuaishou
have
stepped
up
content
____17____
of
food-related
live
streams
and
implemented
regulation
of
online
eating
shows.
Now
if
users
search
certain
keywords,
such
as
“eating
show”
or
“competitive
eaters”,
a
cautionary
message
pops
up
to
remind
them
to
cherish
food
and
maintain
a
____18____diet.
Across
the
country,
about
40%
of
all
the
food
Americans
buy
ends
up
in
the
trash.
That
food
waste
costs
the
average
family
of
four
about
$1,500
____19____.
It
also
takes
up
valuable
space
in
landfills.
The
state
of
Vermont
has
long
been
a
leader
in
environmental
issues.
Now
it
has
just_____20_____down
on
its
bid
to
get
Vermonters
to
rethink
their
relationship
with
food
and
waste.
As
of
July
1st,
it
became
the
first
state
in
the
nation
to
make
it
illegal
for
residents
to
throw
their
food
scraps
into
the
trash.
That
means
everyone
in
the
state
—
from
businesses
to
residents
—
must
now
keep
their
food
waste
out
of
the
garbage.
【答案】11.
I
12.
F
13.
A
14.
C
15.
E
16.
J
17.
G
18.
H
19.
K
20.
D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是食物浪费。美团网与包括中国总商会和中国烹饪协会在内的一些商业组织共同发布了一份提案，呼吁餐馆停止食物浪费，帮助顾客养成新的饮食习惯。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，美团与包括中国总商会和中国烹饪协会在内的一些商业组织共同发布了一份提案，呼吁餐馆停止食物浪费，帮助顾客培养新的饮食习惯。设空处在句中作非谓语，help
do/to
do
sth.帮助做某事。结合句意，设空处应为cultivate(培养)，故选I。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：美团网和相关机构正在倡导商家向消费者提供指导，包括在点餐过程中提醒他们配料的味道、份量大小和其他有关菜肴的信息，以帮助他们避免由于误导性信息造成的食物浪费。设空处在句中作宾语，结合句意，应用guidance(指导)。故选F。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词，设空出应用形容词修饰名词。结合句意，应用misleading。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：周五，中国烹饪协会宣布与Ele合作。设空处在句中作谓语，设空处的动作发生在主句的谓语动词的动作之前，应用过去完成时，team
up
with与……合作；应用teamed。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词，句意：阿里巴巴集团旗下的送餐平台将推出半餐计划，鼓励餐厅为顾客提供点小份食物的选择。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应用动名词的形式，结合句意，设空处应用encouraging。故选E。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：武汉餐饮协会提出了一个N-1点餐代码，在这个代码中，10人的餐厅只能点9个人吃的菜。分析句子的结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，应用proposed(建议)。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了遏制社交媒体平台上的美食垃圾图片，抖音、快手等国内热门视频平台加大了与美食相关的直播内容，并对网络美食节目实施监管。设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，结合句意，设空处应为名词review(评论、监管)，review为可数名词，且空前没有冠词修饰，应用复数，应用reviews。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：现在，如果用户搜索特定的关键词，如“美食秀”或“竞食者”，一个警告信息就会弹出，提醒他们珍惜食物，保持合理的饮食。设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词。结合句意，故答案为reasonable。应选H。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：这些食物浪费平均让一个四口之家每年花费1500美元。设空处作状语修饰动词cost；应用副词形式，结合句意，应为annually。故选K。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：现在，它已经加倍努力让佛蒙特人重新思考他们与食物和浪费的关系。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述的是过去的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，结合句意，应用doubled(加倍)。故选D。
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A(15分，每题1分)
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Do
Brain
Training
Games
Work?
With
an
ageing
population
worried
about
cognitive
(认知的)
decline,
brain
training
apps
have
soared
in
popularity.
Search
“brain
training”,
and
you
will
find
____21____
apps
and
websites
promising
to
make
you
mentally
agile
(敏捷的).
In
the
same
way
that
we
might
go
to
the
gym
to
exercise,
a
daily
mental
____22____
is
said
to
produce
physical
changes
in
the
brain.
All
you
will
have
to
do
is
to
____23____
a
few
minutes
each
day
to
complete
puzzles,
memory
games
and
word
quizzes.
At
least
that’s
the
idea.
And
there
are
a
lot
of
people
who
are
____24____
into
it.
In
2018,
consumers
spent
an
estimated
$1.9
billion
on
brain
training
apps—a
fourfold
increase
from
2012.
Of
course,
smartphones
were
not
the
original
home
for
brain
training
games.
____25____,
Nintendo
recently
released
its
fourth
all-time
best-selling
game,
Brain
Age,
and
brought
it
to
the
Switch
in
Japan
last
month.
The
idea
of
improving
mental
fitness
clearly
has
widespread
appeal,
but
is
it
based
on
scientific
evidence
or
____26____
marketing
promises?
In
2014,
the
Stanford
Center
on
Longevity
published
an
open
letter
____27____
by
69
international
neuroscientists
(神经科学家)
and
cognitive
psychologists.
There
is
no
convincing
scientific
evidence,
the
experts
argued,
that
playing
brain
games
improves
cognitive
abilities
in
everyday
life.
Two
years
later,
another
team
of
psychologists
reviewed
every
scientific
study
cited
by
major
brain
training
companies
____28____
their
products.
They
questioned
not
only
how
the
evidence
had
been
reported
and
interpreted,
but
the
way
many
of
the
studies
had
been
designed.
The
____29____
included
small
sample
sizes,
inadequate
control
groups,
and
cherry-picking
(挑选最有利的)
research
outcomes
to
_____30_____.
If
the
science
is
so
_____31_____
flawed
(错误的),
why
do
people
feel
the
need
to
train
their
brains
with
these
apps
and
games?
That’s
_____32_____,
according
to
Til
Wykes,
a
professor
at
King’s
College
London.
Nintendo’s
Brain
Age
game,
for
instance,
assigns
players
a
score
based
on
their
gaming
performance.
They
might
start
with
a
“brain
age”
score
of
60
and
after
a
few
weeks
of
_____33_____,
will
be
told
they
have
reduced
it
to
40.
For
some
people,
there
is
clearly
some
positive
reward
for
seeing
themselves
improve
over
time.
Wykes
stresses,
_____34_____,
that
for
people
who
are
really
worried
about
their
cognition,
learning
a
new
language
would
be
more
beneficial,
which
has
been
shown
to
improve
brain
_____35_____.
21.
A.
endless
B.
advanced
C.
protective
D.
imaginary
22
A.
outcome
B.
tryout
C.
workout
D.
outlook
23.
A.
set
out
B.
set
back
C.
set
off
D.
set
aside
24.
A.
buying
B.
engaging
C.
overlooking
D.
inquiring
25.
A.
By
contrast
B.
For
instance
C.
Of
course
D.
In
conclusion
26.
A.
reliable
B.
precious
C.
secret
D.
empty
27.
A.
signed
B.
secured
C.
received
D.
sought
28.
A.
in
presence
of
B.
in
support
of
C.
in
case
of
D.
in
memory
of
29.
A.
expectation
B.
solution
C.
criticism
D.
standard
30.
A.
report
B.
design
C.
produce
D.
negotiate
31.
A.
effortlessly
B.
temporarily
C.
seriously
D.
unfairly
32.
A.
dependable
B.
understandable
C.
comparable
D.
achievable
33.
A.
experiment
B.
theory
C.
practice
D.
performance
34.
A.
altogether
B.
therefore
C.
however
D.
likewise
35.
A.
movement
B.
cooperation
C.
evaluation
D.
function
【答案】21.
A
22.
C
23.
D
24.
A
25.
B
26.
D
27.
A
28.
B
29.
C
30.
A
31.
C
32.
B
33.
C
34.
C
35.
D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用数据、科学报告，事例等方式，论述了脑力训练游戏对提高大脑的认知能力是否有用的问题。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：搜索“大脑训练”，你会发现不计其数的应用程序和网站，承诺让你在思想上变得敏捷。A.
endless不计其数的，无止境的；B.
advanced先进的；C.
protective保护的；D.
imaginary想象的。根据前文的“brain
training
apps
have
soared
in
popularity”可知，大脑训练类的应用程序人气急升，很受欢迎，由此可推断出，当你搜索“大脑训练”时，你会发现不计其数的应用程序。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像我们可能去健身房锻炼一样，每天的智力上的练习据说会使大脑产生生理变化。A.
outcome结果，成果；B.
tryout试验，试用；C.
workout锻炼，练习；D.
outlook观点。根据前文的“go
to
the
gym
to
exercise”可知，上文指的是去健身房进行身体上的锻炼，空格处指的是进行智力上的练习。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你所要做的就是每天留出几分钟来完成智力游戏、记忆游戏和字谜游戏。A.
set
out出发，启程；B.
set
back使推迟；C.
set
off使爆炸；D.
set
aside留出。根据前文的“a
daily
mental
_____”可知，每天要进行智力上的练习，由此可推断出是每天留出几分钟来完成智力游戏等练习。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少这是个主意。而且有很多人都在为它买账。A.
buying买；B.
engaging吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；C.
overlooking忽略；D.
inquiring询问。根据后文的“consumers
spent
an
estimated
$1.9
billion
on
brain
training
apps”可知，消费者在大脑训练应用程序上花费了很多钱，由此可推断出，很多人都在为这个主意买账，“buy
into”意为“买入”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，任天堂最近发布了第四款有史以来最畅销的游戏Brain
Age，并于上个月在日本的游戏机上发布。A.
By
contrast相比之下；B.
For
instance例如；C.
Of
course当然；D.
In
conclusion总而言之。上文说大脑训练游戏并不只是出现在智能手机上，空格后举例，大脑训练游戏也出现在游戏机上，例如任天堂最近发布的Brain
Age，由此可推断出，空格处是在举例，For
instance意为“例如”，符合语境。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：改善智力健康的想法显然具有广泛的吸引力，但它是基于科学证据还是空洞的营销承诺？A.
reliable可信赖的；B.
precious宝贵的；C.
secret秘密的；D.
empty空洞的。根据句中“scientific
evidence”和连词“or”可知，作者这里是在提出疑问，这种想法是基于“科学证据”还是“空洞的营销承诺”，“empty”意为“空洞的”，与前文的科学证据形成对比。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2014年，斯坦福长寿研究中心发表了一封由69位国际神经科学家和认知心理学家签署的公开信。A.
signed签署；B.
secured获得，取得；C.
received收到；D.
sought寻找，寻求。根据后文内容可知，专家们认为，没有令人信服的科学证据表明玩脑力游戏可以提高日常生活中的认知能力。由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家们“签署”了这份公开信，向公众公开这一看法，signed意为“签署”，动词词性。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：两年后，另一组心理学家回顾了主要的大脑培训公司为支持他们的产品而引用的每项科学研究。A.
in
presence
of在……面前；B.
in
support
of支持；C.
in
case
of如果发生……；D.
in
memory
of纪念……。根据句中“scientific
study”可知，引用科学研究是为了“支持”他们的产品，in
support
of意为“支持”，符合语境。故选B项。
29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：批评包括样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果。A.
expectation预料，预期；B.
solution解决办法；C.
criticism批评；D.
standard标准。根据后文的“small
sample
sizes”和“inadequate
control
groups”可知，下文说的是这些公司引用的科学研究存在着“样本量小”和“控制组不足”的问题，由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家们针对这些研究的“批评”。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：批评包括样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果。A.
report报告；B.
design设计；C.
produce生产；D.
negotiate谈判，协商。根据句中“cherry-picking
research
outcomes”可知，应该是挑选最有利的研究成果去“报告”，这样才能让人们相信公司的产品。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果它所引用的科学有如此严重的错误，为什么人们觉得有必要用这些应用程序和游戏来训练大脑呢？A.
effortlessly毫不费力地；B.
temporarily临时地；C.
seriously严重地；D.
unfairly不公平地。上文提到这些公司所引用的科学研究存在着样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果的问题，由此可推断出，它所引用的科学是“严重地”错误的。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：King’s
College
London的教授Til
Wykes认为，这是可以理解的。A.
dependable可靠的；B.
understandable可以理解的；C.
comparable类似的，可比较的；D.
achievable可达到的。下文Til
Wykes以任天堂的Brain
Age游戏为例，来解释为什么人们用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，这里Til
Wykes认为人们的这种行为是“可以理解的”。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能一开始的“大脑年龄”得分为60分，经过几周的练习，他们会被告知已经将其降至40分。A.
experiment实验；B.
theory理论；C.
practice练习；D.
performance表演。根据上文“Nintendo’s
Brain
Age
game”可知，这里是以任天堂的Brain
Age游戏为例，来解释为什么人们用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，游戏应该是通过“练习”，使自己的大脑年龄更年轻。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Wykes强调，对于那些真正担心自己认知能力的人来说，学习一门新语言会更有益处，这已经被证明可以改善大脑功能。A.
altogether完全，全部；B.
therefore因此；C.
however然而；D.
likewise同样地。根据下文“learning
a
new
language
would
be
more
beneficial”可知，Wykes强调，比起玩游戏，学习一门新语言对改善大脑功能更有益处，由此可推断出，这里Wykes的观点和上文“用应用程序和游戏来训练大脑”的观点为转折关系，故应用however。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Wykes强调，对于那些真正担心自己认知能力的人来说，学习一门新语言会更有益处，这已经被证明可以改善大脑功能。A.
movement运动，移动；B.
cooperation合作；C.
evaluation评价，估计；D.
function功能。本文主要讲的是如何提高大脑的认知能力，根据句中“learning
a
new
language
would
be
more
beneficial”可知，空格处指的是学习一门新语言能够对改善大脑“功能”更有益处。故选D项。
Section
B
(12分，每题1.5分)
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
Math,
Taught
like
Football
Growing
up,
I
thought
math
class
was
something
to
be
endured,
not
enjoyed.
I
disliked
memorizing
formulas
and
taking
tests,
all
for
the
dull
goal
of
getting
a
good
grade.
But
my
problem
wasn’t
with
math
itself.
In
fact,
I
spent
countless
hours
as
a
child
doing
logic
and
math
puzzles
on
my
own,
and
as
a
teenager,
when
a
topic
seemed
particularly
interesting,
I
would
go
to
the
library
and
read
more
about
it.
By
high
school,
none
of
my
teachers
questioned
my
mathematical
talent,
but
none
of
them
really
encouraged
it,
either.
No
one
told
me
that
I
could
become
a
professional
mathematician.
What
I
wanted
to
do
then
was
to
play
college
football.
My
ambition
was
to
get
an
athletic
scholarship
to
attend
a
Big
Ten
school.
The
chances
of
that
happening
were
very
low.
In
high
school,
I
was
just
an
above-average
athlete
and
my
high
school
was
not
a
“feeder”
school
for
college
sports
programs.
That
didn’t
stop
me
from
dreaming,
though.
And
it
didn’t
stop
my
coaches
from
encouraging
me
to
believe
I
could
reach
my
goal,
and
preparing
and
pushing
me
to
work
for
it.
They
made
video
tapes
of
my
performances
and
sent
them
to
college
coaches
around
the
country.
It
didn’t
matter
that
I
didn’t
initially
attract
much
interest
from
the
big
schools.
My
coaches
kept
picking
up
the
phone,
and
kept
convincing
me
to
try
to
prove
myself.
In
the
end,
a
Big
Ten
school,
Pennstate,
did
offer
me
a
scholarship.
A
growing
body
of
research
shows
that
students
are
affected
by
more
than
just
the
quality
of
a
lesson
plan.
They
also
respond
to
the
passion
of
their
teachers
and
the
engagement
of
their
peers,
and
they
seek
a
sense
of
purpose.
They
benefit
from
specific
instructions,
constant
feedback
and
a
culture
of
earning
that
encourages
resilience
in
the
face
of
failure.
Until
I
got
to
college,
I
didn’t
really
know
what
mathematics
was.
I
still
thought
of
it
as
problem
sets
and
laborious
computations.
Then
one
day,
one
of
my
professors
handed
me
a
book
and
suggested
that
I
think
about
a
particular
problem.
It
wasn’t
easy,
but
it
was
fascinating.
My
professor
kept
giving
me
problems,
and
I
kept
pursuing
them.
Before
long,
he
was
introducing
me
to
problems
that
had
never
been
solved
before
and
urging
me
to
find
new
techniques
to
help
crack
them.
I
am
now
a
Ph.
D.
candidate
in
mathematics
at
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology,
and
I
have
published
several
papers
in
mathematical
journals.
I
still
feel
that
childlike
excitement
every
time
I
complete
a
proof.
I
wish
I’d
known
this
was
possible
when
I
was
a
kid.
36.
Why
did
the
writer
think
math
class
in
school
was
“something
to
be
endured”
before
entering
college?
A.
Because
he
wasn’t
interested
in
math.
B.
Because
his
math
teachers
didn’t
care
to
push
him.
C.
Because
he
was
too
smart
and
talented
for
math
class.
D.
Because
he
was
training
hard
for
an
athletic
scholarship.
37.
According
to
the
writer,
students
are
affected
by
the
following
things
from
teachers
or
coaches
EXCEPT
__________.
A.
passion
B.
constant
feedback
C.
a
sense
of
purpose
D.
specific
instructions
38.
We
can
conclude
that
after
entering
college,
the
writer___________.
A.
was
busy
looking
for
problem
sets
to
crack
B.
began
to
realize
what
mathematics
really
is
C.
met
with
laborious
computations
in
his
studies
D.
studied
on
his
own
just
as
he
was
in
high
school
39.
What
does
“this”
in
the
last
sentence
mean?
A.
Feeling
the
children
excitement.
B.
Different
mathematical
research.
C.
Generating
curiosity
and
creativity.
D.
Being
a
professional
mathematician.
【答案】36.
B
37.
C
38.
B
39.
D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者大学以前不喜欢数学，老师也没有逼他。作者希望数学老师更像足球教练那样给与他鼓励。学生不仅会受到教案质量的影响。他们还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出反应，并寻求目标感。到了大学后，作者才真正知道数学是什么。它更接近于作者小时候独自做的数学和逻辑难题，它给了作者同样的好奇心和好奇心，它奖励了作者的创造力。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“By
high
school,
none
of
my
teachers
questioned
my
mathematical
talent,
but
none
of
them
really
encouraged
it,
either.
No
one
told
me
that
I
could
become
a
professional
mathematician.。到了高中，我的老师没有一个质疑过我的数学天赋，但也没有一个真正鼓励我的数学天赋。没有人告诉我，我可以成为一个专业数学家。”可知在学校的时候他的数学老师不愿意督促、逼迫他。故选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“A
growing
body
of
research
shows
that
students
are
affected
by
more
than
just
the
quality
of
a
lesson
plan.
They
also
respond
to
the
passion
of
their
teachers
and
the
engagement
of
their
peers,
and
they
seek
a
sense
of
purpose.
They
benefit
from
specific
instructions
and
constant
feedback(反馈).
越来越多的研究表明，影响学生的不仅仅是教学计划的质量。他们还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出回应，他们还会寻求一种使命感。他们受益于特定的指令和持续的反馈。”可知他们受到老师的热情，具体的指导和同龄人不断的反馈的影响。而目标感是学生自己的。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题，根据第五段“Until
I
got
to
college,
I
didn't
really
know
what
mathematics
was.
直到上了大学，我才真正知道数学是什么。”可知作者进入大学才开始意识到数学到底是什么，故选B。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“I
am
now
a
Ph.
D.
candidate
in
mathematics
at
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology,
and
I
have
published
several
papers
in
mathematical
journals.
I
still
feel
that
childlike
excitement
every
time
I
complete
a
proof.
I
wish
I’d
known
this
was
possible
when
I
was
a
kid.
我现在在麻省理工学院攻读数学博士学位，我在数学期刊上发表过几篇论文。每当我完成一个证明，我仍然能感受到那种孩子般的兴奋。我希望在我还是个孩子的时候就知道这是可能的。”可知，划线处“this”指代上文提到的攻读数学博士，发表论文等，即成为一名专业的数学家。故选D。
(B)
Modern
medicine’s
ability
to
keep
us
alive
makes
it
tempting
to
think
human
evolution
may
have
stopped.
But
if
we
look
at
the
rate
of
our
DNA’s
evolution,
we
can
see
that
human
evolution
hasn’t
stopped
–
it
may
even
be
happening
faster
than
before.
Evolution
is
a
gradual
change
to
the
DNA
of
a
species
over
many
generations.
It
can
occur
by
natural
selection,
when
certain
traits
created
by
genetic
changes
help
an
organism
survive
or
reproduce.
Such
genes
are
thus
more
likely
to
be
passed
on
to
the
next
generation,
so
they
increase
in
frequency
in
a
population.
Gradually,
these
changes
and
their
associated
traits
become
more
common
among
the
whole
group.
By
looking
at
global
studies
of
our
DNA,
we
can
see
evidence
that
natural
selection
has
recently
made
changes
and
continues
to
do
so.
Though
modern
healthcare
disrupts
a
key
driving
force
of
evolution
by
keeping
some
people
alive
longer,
in
countries
without
access
to
good
healthcare,
populations
are
continuing
to
evolve.
Survivors
of
infectious
disease
outbreaks
drive
natural
selection
by
giving
their
genetic
resistance
to
offspring.
Our
DNA
shows
evidence
for
recent
selection
for
resistance
of
killer
diseases
like
Lassa
fever
and
malaria.
Selection
in
response
to
malaria
remains
in
regions
where
the
disease
remains
common.
Humans
are
also
adapting
to
their
environment.
Gene
change
allowing
humans
to
live
at
high
altitudes
have
become
more
common
in
populations
in
Tibet,
Ethiopia,
and
the
Andes.
The
spread
of
genetic
changes
in
Tibet
is
possibly
the
fastest
evolutionary
change
in
humans,
occurring
over
the
past
3,000
years.
This
rapid
increase
in
frequency
of
a
mutated
gene
that
increases
blood
oxygen
content
gives
locals
a
survival
advantage
in
higher
altitudes,
resulting
in
more
surviving
children.
Diet
is
another
source
for
adaptations.
Studies
show
that
natural
selection
favoring
a
change
allowing
adults
to
produce
lactase
–
the
enzyme
(酶)
that
breaks
down
milk
sugars
–
is
why
some
groups
of
people
can
digest
milk.
Over
80
per
cent
of
northwest
Europeans
can,
but
in
parts
of
East
Asia,
where
milk
is
much
less
commonly
drunk,
an
inability
to
digest
lactose
is
the
norm.
Like
high
altitude
adaptation,
selection
to
digest
milk
has
evolved
more
than
once
in
humans
and
may
be
the
strongest
kind
of
recent
selection.
Yet,
despite
these
changes,
natural
selection
only
affects
about
8
per
cent
of
our
genome.
But
scientists
can’t
explain
why
some
genes
are
evolving
much
faster
than
others.
We
measure
the
speed
of
gene
evolution
by
comparing
human
DNA
with
that
of
other
species.
One
fast-evolving
gene
is
human
accelerated
region
1
(HAR1),
which
is
needed
during
brain
development.
A
random
section
of
human
DNA
is
on
average
more
than
98
per
cent
identical
to
the
chimp
comparator,
but
HAR1
is
so
fast
evolving
that
it’s
only
around
85
per
cent
similar.
Though
scientists
can
see
these
changes
are
happening
–
and
how
quickly
–
we
still
don’t
fully
understand
why
fast
evolution
happens
to
some
genes
but
not
others.
40.
Which
of
the
following
statements
may
the
author
agree
with?
A.
Evolution
occurs
among
several
people
overnight.
B.
Genes
may
change
and
some
are
beneficial
to
people’s
lives.
C.
Evolution
is
done
when
the
whole
population
possesses
a
certain
gene.
D.
The
changed
genes
leading
to
higher
survival
rates
are
chosen
deliberately.
41.
The
underlined
word
“disrupts”
in
paragraph
3
can
be
best
replaced
by________.
A.
explains
B.
causes
C.
upsets
D.
heals
42.
The
author
illustrates
humans’
ongoing
evolution
with
the
following
examples
EXCEPT
that__________.
A.
some
people
can
resist
infectious
diseases
like
malaria
B.
children
in
Tibet
tolerate
living
environments
with
thin
air
C.
northwestern
Europeans
digest
lactose
better
than
East
Asians
D.
the
human
gene
HAR1
resembles
that
of
a
chimp
to
a
lesser
extent
43.
Which
of
the
following
may
serve
as
the
title?
A.
What
Is
Natural
Selection?
B.
Are
Humans
Still
Evolving?
C.
Why
Will
Certain
Genes
Evolve?
D.
How
Do
Mutated
Genes
Function?
【答案】40.
B
41.
C
42.
D
43.
B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章作者通过分析研究和例子告诉读者：人类的进化还在进行，并没有停止。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Evolution
is
a
gradual
change
to
the
DNA
of
a
species
over
many
generations.
It
can
occur
by
natural
selection,
when
certain
traits
created
by
genetic
changes
help
an
organism
survive
or
reproduce.
Such
genes
are
thus
more
likely
to
be
passed
on
to
the
next
generation,
so
they
increase
in
frequency
in
a
population.
Gradually,
these
changes
and
their
associated
traits
become
more
common
among
the
whole
group.”（进化是一个物种的DNA在许多代中逐渐改变的过程。它可以通过自然选择发生，当遗传变化产生的某些特征帮助生物体生存或繁殖时。这样的基因更有可能传递给下一代，因此它们在种群中出现的频率会增加。渐渐地，这些变化及其相关特征在整个群体中变得更加普遍。）可知，基因可能会改变，其中一些对人们的生活有益。故选B项。
【41题详解】
词义猜测题。划线后提及到“a
key
driving
force
of
evolution”（进化的一个关键驱动力）在此应指代前文提及的“natural
selection”（自然选择）。根据常识，人类通过现代医疗保健的方式来延长了一些人的寿命却也是对“自然选择”这一进化关键驱动力的“破坏”。故选C项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Survivors
of
infectious
disease
outbreaks
drive
natural
selection
by
giving
their
genetic
resistance
to
offspring.
Our
DNA
shows
evidence
for
recent
selection
for
resistance
of
killer
diseases
like
Lassa
fever
and
malaria.
Selection
in
response
to
malaria
remains
in
regions
where
the
disease
remains
common.”（传染病爆发的幸存者通过将他们的基因抗性传给后代来推动自然选择。我们的DNA显示了对致命疾病如拉沙热和疟疾的抗性最近选择的证据。在疟疾仍然普遍的地区，针对疟疾的选择仍然存在。），文章第四段“Humans
are
also
adapting
to
their
environment.
Gene
change
allowing
humans
to
live
at
high
altitudes
have
become
more
common
in
populations
in
Tibet,
Ethiopia,
and
the
Andes.
The
spread
of
genetic
changes
in
Tibet
is
possibly
the
fastest
evolutionary
change
in
humans,
occurring
over
the
past
3,000
years.
This
rapid
increase
in
frequency
of
a
mutated
gene
that
increases
blood
oxygen
content
gives
locals
a
survival
advantage
in
higher
altitudes,
resulting
in
more
surviving
children.”（人类也在适应环境。在西藏、埃塞俄比亚和安第斯山脉，允许人类生活在高海拔地区的基因改变已经变得越来越普遍。西藏基因变化的传播可能是人类进化中最快的变化，发生在过去3000年里。这种增加血液含氧量的突变基因频率的快速增加，使当地人在高海拔地区具有生存优势，从而产生更多存活下来的孩子。）和文章第五段“Diet
is
another
source
for
adaptations.
Studies
show
that
natural
selection
favoring
a
change
allowing
adults
to
produce
lactase
–
the
enzyme
(酶)
that
breaks
down
milk
sugars
–
is
why
some
groups
of
people
can
digest
milk.
Over
80
per
cent
of
northwest
Europeans
can,
but
in
parts
of
East
Asia,
where
milk
is
much
less
commonly
drunk,
an
inability
to
digest
lactose
is
the
norm.
Like
high
altitude
adaptation,
selection
to
digest
milk
has
evolved
more
than
once
in
humans
and
may
be
the
strongest
kind
of
recent
selection.”（饮食是适应的另一个来源。研究表明，自然选择有利于使成年人产生乳糖酶(一种分解牛奶糖的酶)的变化，这就是为什么某些群体的人能够消化牛奶。超过80%的西北欧人可以吃到乳糖，但在东亚部分地区，牛奶饮用的普及率要低得多，无法消化乳糖是常见现象。就像高原适应性一样，消化牛奶的选择在人类身上已经进化了不止一次，而且可能是最近最强烈的一种选择。）可知，抵抗某些传染病，适应环境以及饮食适应都是人类正在进化的例子。因此可以依次排除A，B和C。故选D项。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Modern
medicine’s
ability
to
keep
us
alive
makes
it
tempting
to
think
human
evolution
may
have
stopped.
But
if
we
look
at
the
rate
of
our
DNA’s
evolution,
we
can
see
that
human
evolution
hasn’t
stopped
–
it
may
even
be
happening
faster
than
before.”（现代医学让我们存活下来的能力让我们很容易认为人类的进化可能已经停止了。但如果我们看看我们DNA的进化速度，我们可以看到人类的进化并没有停止——甚至可能比以前更快。）可知，作者提出观点：人类的进化并没有停止。接着作者分别从抵抗传染病，适应环境以及饮食适应等例子来告诉读者，人类正在进化。因此B选项“人类还在进化吗”符合题意。故选B项。
Section
C
(8分，每题2分)
Directions:
Read
the
passage
carefully.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
(C)
Top
College
Graduates
Get
Paid
More,
but
do
They
Perform
Better?
It’s
generally
believed
that
better
universities
attract
better
students
and
provide
better
training,
so
it
makes
sense
to
use
the
university
rank
as
a
predictor
of
employee
performance.
But
is
it
a
good
hiring
strategy?
Do
university
rankings
predict
job
performance?
Our
research
suggests
yes
—
but
only
to
a
degree.
In
a
recent
study,
we
tested
the
relationship
between
the
university
rank
and
performance
of
graduates.
We
tracked
the
performance
of
28,339
students
from
294
universities
that
ranked
from
Top
10
to
about
top
20,000
in
the
Webometrics
global
university
rankings.
_____44_____Importantly,
we
captured
not
only
the
quality
of
the
output,
but
a
wide
range
of
hard
and
soft
competencies
including
cooperation
with
team
members,
leadership,
language
proficiency,
technical
skills,
emotional
intelligence,
creativity,
and
more.
Our
results
offer
some
comfort
to
the
traditional
recruiters.
After
controlling
for
age,
gender,
and
the
year
of
study,
we
found
that
graduates
from
higher-ranked
universities
performed
better,
but
only
nominally
and
only
on
some
dimensions
of
performance.
_____45_____The
first
was
selection:
higher-ranked
universities
usually
can
choose
from
a
larger
pool
of
applicants,
which
leads
to
steeper
competition
and
a
higher
quality
of
the
incoming
class.
Corroborating
the
selectivity
hypothesis,
our
data
demonstrated
that
students
at
higher-ranked
universities
indeed
score
higher
on
general
cognitive
ability
tests,
have
more
international
experience,
better
English
proficiency,
and
higher
cultural
intelligence.
Second,
higher-ranked
universities
should
provide
better
training.
Top
universities
employ
better
instructors,
offer
access
to
better-equipped
facilities,
attract
better
speakers
and
guests
to
campus,
which
in
turn,
should
lead
to
better
training
and
subsequent
performance.
Finally,
it
might
be
expected
that
higher-ranked
institutions
might
provide
a
more
stimulating
academic
environment.
_____46_____
Having
notable,
hardworking,
celebrity-status
professors,
along
with
being
around
intelligent,
highly-motivated,
achievement-oriented
peers,
positively
affects
self-efficacy,
motivation,
effort,
and
work
ethic.
Despite
their
slightly
better
overall
performance,
hiring
graduates
from
higher-ranked
institutions
could
have
a
downside.
Our
data
suggest
that
students
from
higher-ranked
universities
might
damage
team
cooperation,
sometimes
carelessly.
_____47_____
In
some
instances,
graduates
from
top
universities
tend
to
be
less
friendly,
are
more
prone
to
conflict,
and
are
less
likely
to
identify
with
their
team.
A.
Indeed,
education
is
not
only
lectures
and
seminars.
B.
However,
our
study
revealed
no
difference
in
the
following
aspects.
C.
They
clearly
know
that
interpersonal
relationships
at
work
play
a
critical
role
in
career
success.
D.
They
tend
to
excessively
focus
on
the
instrumental
tasks,
paying
insufficient
attention
to
interpersonal
relationships.
E
We
also
found
several
reasons
why
the
graduates
from
the
top
universities
performed
better
than
those
from
the
lower-ranked
schools.
F.
We
observed
the
students’
performance
for
two
months
as
they
were
working
in
global
virtual
teams
on
real-life
business
consulting
projects.
【答案】44.
F
45.
E
46.
A
47.
D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一项跟踪了294所大学28339名学生表现的研究发现，来在高排名大学的毕业生在某些方面的表现比来自低排名大学的学生好，并发现了导致这种现象的原因。但是那些学生也有他们的短板，比如不那么关注人际关系，这时常破坏团队合作。
【44题详解】
根据上文“In
a
recent
study,
we
tested
the
relationship
between
the
university
rank
and
performance
of
graduates.
We
tracked
the
performance
of
28,339
students
from
294
universities
that
ranked
from
Top
10
to
about
top
20,000
in
the
Webometrics
global
university
rankings.”(在最近的一项研究中，我们测试了大学排名和毕业生之间表现的关系。我们跟踪了294所大学28339名学生的表现，这些大学在Webometrics全球大学排名中从前十到大约前两万不等。)可推知，下文应讲述在何种条件下观察学生的表现，以及时长等。F.
We
observed
the
students’
performance
for
two
months
as
they
were
working
in
global
virtual
teams
on
real-life
business
consulting
projects.(当学生在现实生活商业咨询项目的全球虚拟团队中工作时，我们对学生的表现进行了为期两个月的观察)符合文意，选项的“observed
the
students’
performance”可对应上文的“tracked
the
performance
of
28,339
students”。故选F。
【45题详解】
根据下文“The
first
was
selection:
higher-ranked
universities
usually
can
choose
from
a
larger
pool
of
applicants,
which
leads
to
steeper
competition
and
a
higher
quality
of
the
incoming
class.”(首先是选择：排名高的大学通常可以从更多的申请者中进行选择，这就导致了激烈的竞争和更高质量的新生。)和第五段的“Second,
higher-ranked
universities
should
provide
better
training.”(其次，更高排名的大学应该提供了更好的培训)以及第六段的“Finally,
it
might
be
expected
that
higher-ranked
institutions
might
provide
a
more
stimulating
academic
environment.”(最后，排名更高的大学可能提供更具有激发性的学术环境)可推知，设空处应该讲述该研究发现了几个高排名学校学生表现更好的原因，而下文是对它的详细阐述。E.
We
also
found
several
reasons
why
the
graduates
from
the
top
universities
performed
better
than
those
from
the
lower-ranked
schools.(我们还发现了几个来自顶尖大学的毕业生表现比低排名大学毕业生表现好的原因)符合文意。故选E。
【46题详解】
根据上文Finally,
it
might
be
expected
that
higher-ranked
institutions
might
provide
a
more
stimulating
academic
environment.”(最后，排名更高的大学可能提供更具有激发性的学术环境)和下文“Having
notable,
hardworking,
celebrity-status
professors,
along
with
being
around
intelligent,
highly-motivated,
achievement-oriented
peers,
positively
affects
self-efficacy,
motivation,
effort,
and
work
ethic.”(有著名的、努力的和名人地位的教授，以及周围那些聪明的、非常上进的、以成就为导向的同龄人对自我效能感、动机、努力和职业道德都有积极的影响。)可推知，设空处应陈述教育不仅仅是常规的学习模式，例如听讲座和研讨会，而下文对这说法进行具体说明。A.
Indeed,
education
is
not
only
lectures
and
seminars.(的确，教育不仅是讲座和研讨会)符合文意。故选A。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Our
data
suggest
that
students
from
higher-ranked
universities
might
damage
team
cooperation,
sometimes
carelessly.”(我们的数据表明，来自高排名大学的学生可能破坏团队合作，有时是粗心)可推知，设空处应讲述他们破环团队合作的原因。D.
They
tend
to
excessively
focus
on
the
instrumental
tasks,
paying
insufficient
attention
to
interpersonal
relationships.(他们往往过度关注工具性任务，而对人际关系关注不足)符合文意，选项的“paying
insufficient
attention
to
interpersonal
relationships.”可对应上文的“damage
team
cooperation”。故选D。
IV.
Summary
Writing
(10分)
48.
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Classroom
Pets
Watching
duck
eggs
hatch
in
a
classroom
was
a
“wow”
experience
that
brought
the
topic
to
life,
says
Sarah
Holmes,
teacher
in
Derby
High
School’s
primary
department.
Classrooms
across
the
UK
house
a
wide
range
of
school
pets:
hamsters,
fish,
guinea
pigs
and
even
tortoises.
But
though
they
teach
children
about
nature,
it
is
not
always
a
happy
story,
animal
charities
say,
and
it
might
be
teaching
children
the
wrong
lessons.
In
some
schools,
animals
die
because
the
school
cannot
afford
vets’
fees.
The
eggs
at
Derby
High
came
from
a
company
that
provided
detailed
instructions
on
how
to
care
or
the
ducklings
and
took
them
back
to
rear,
but
the
service
costs
money
not
all
schools
can
afford.
The
Potteries
Guinea
Pig
Rescue
based
in
Stoke-on-trent,
has
taken
in
a
number
of
guinea
pigs
from
schools
in
North
Stafforshire
that
have
found
themselves
unable
to
care
for
the
animals.
The
schools
thought
it
was
a
good
idea
until
the
animal
experienced
health
issues
and
they
had
to
pay
for
vet
treatment.
Many
teachers
who
keep
classroom
pets
do
so
with
good
intentions.
But
as
a
matter
of
fact,
a
classroom
simply
isn’t
a
suitable
home
for
an
animal.
The
sleep-wake
cycles
of
nocturnal(夜间活动的)
animals
such
as
mice
and
hamsters
are
disturbed
by
bright
classroom
lights
and
by
pupils
taking
them
out
of
their
cages
and
handling
them.
Peta
(People
for
the
Ethical
Treatment
of
Animals)
says
it
hears
complaints
that
animals
have
died
after
being
over-handled
or
through
accidents
occurring
when
being
played
with.
“I
can’t
imagine
many
things
worse
than
being
limited
to
a
cage
stuck
in
a
noisy
classroom
all
day,”
one
citizen
said.
Nevertheless,
Debs
Howe,
a
former
biology
teacher
who
now
runs
an
egg
hatching
company,
says
that
done
responsibly,
looking
after
animals
can
be
an
experience
children
don’t
forget.
For
children
who
may
have
issues
accessing
the
curriculum
often
due
to
autism
(自闭症)
or
emotional
or
behavioral
issues,
the
hatching
of
chicks
has
an
incredible
effect.
It’s
also
particularly
appealing
to
those
who
always
live
in
cities
with
little
access
to
farms
or
nature.
【答案】Many
British
schools
are
teaching
nature
by
raising
classroom
pets
but
it
may
cause
problems.
First,
some
pets
die
because
the
school
can’t
pay
for
instruction
service
or
health
treatment.
Second,
bright
lights
and
children’s
over-handling
make
the
classroom
unsuitable
for
animal
living.
However,
supporters
believe
with
proper
care,
animal
raising
in
classrooms
can
benefit
some
students.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，许多英国学校通过饲养课堂宠物来传授自然知识，但这可能会带来问题。首先，一些宠物的死亡是因为学校无法支付指导服务或健康治疗费用。第二，明亮的灯光和孩子们的过度操作使教室不适合动物生活。然而，支持者认为，在教室里饲养动物，如果得到适当的照顾，可以使一些学生受益。
【详解】1
要点摘录
①But
though
they
teach
children
about
nature,
it
is
not
always
a
happy
story,
animal
charities
say,
and
it
might
be
teaching
children
the
wrong
lessons.
②In
some
schools,
animals
die
because
the
school
cannot
afford
vets’
fees.
③The
sleep-wake
cycles
of
nocturnal(夜间活动的)
animals
such
as
mice
and
hamsters
are
disturbed
by
bright
classroom
lights
and
by
pupils
taking
them
out
of
their
cages
and
handling
them.
④Nevertheless,
Debs
Howe,
a
former
biology
teacher
who
now
runs
an
egg
hatching
company,
says
that
done
responsibly,
looking
after
animals
can
be
an
experience
children
don’t
forget.
2.缜密构思将每个要点结合所在段落内容进行整合。
3.遣词造句Many
British
schools
are
teaching
nature
by
raising
classroom
pets
but
it
may
cause
problems.
First,
some
pets
die
because
the
school
can’t
pay
for
instruction
service
or
health
treatment.
Second,
bright
lights
and
children’s
over-handling
make
the
classroom
unsuitable
for
animal
living.
However,
supporters
believe
with
proper
care,
animal
raising
in
classrooms
can
benefit
some
students.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Many
British
schools
are
teaching
nature
by
raising
classroom
pets
but
it
may
cause
problems.运用连词but连接两个并列分句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中介词by后接动名词结构表达高级。
[高分句型2]：However,
supporters
believe
with
proper
care,
animal
raising
in
classrooms
can
benefit
some
students.用副词however表示转折，陈述支持者的观点并对文章最后一段进行了概括。其中宾语从句的运用和动名词作主语的表达非常高级。
V.
Translation
(15分，第一,二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分)
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
49.
玛丽的评论不被别人的意见所影响。(independent)
(汉译英)
【答案】Mary’s
comment
was
independent
of
other
people’s
opinions.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词所有格、固定短语和时态。表示“玛丽的评论”应用名词所有格Mary’s
comment，在句中作主语；表示“不被……所影响”应用固定短语be
independent
of，在句中作谓语，句子陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，comment为可数名词单数，故be用was；表示“别人的意见”应用名词所有格other
people’s
opinions，在句中作宾语，别人的意见不止一个，opinion用复数opinions。故翻译为Mary’s
comment
was
independent
of
other
people’s
opinions.
50.
虽然有很多顾客投诉他态度不好，但他却感激他们帮助了他。(appreciate)
(汉译英)
【答案】Although
many
customers
complained
about
his
bad
attitude,
he
appreciated
their
helping
him.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查状语从句、时态、固定短语和非谓语动词。“虽然”引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用连词although；表示“顾客”应用名词customer；表示“投诉”用动词短语complain
about；表示“不好的态度”应用bad
attitude；表示“感激”应用动词appreciate，接动名词作宾语，表示“他们帮助了他”应用动名词复合结构their
helping
him；分析句子可知用一般过去时，故翻译为Although
many
customers
complained
about
his
bad
attitude,
he
appreciated
their
helping
him.
【点睛】
51.
人们绝不该追逐这种时尚潮流，它会导致一些濒危动物的灭绝。(By
no
means)
(汉译英)
【答案】By
no
means
should
people
follow
the
fashion
trend,
because
it
will
lead
to
the
extinction
of
some
endangered
animals.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语，动词和名词。表示“绝不”用by
no
means；表示“追逐”应用follow；表示“时尚潮流”应用the
fashion
trend；后半句是原因状语从句，用because引导；表示“导致”应用lead
to；表示“灭绝”应用extinction；表示“濒危动物”应用endangered
animals。by
no
means置句首，主句倒装，情态动词should提到主语之前，后半句应用一般将来时。故翻译为By
no
means
should
people
follow
the
fashion
trend,
because
it
will
lead
to
the
extinction
of
some
endangered
animals.
【点睛】
52.
正是在特殊时期，我抵制了网络游戏的诱惑，按照自己的节奏学习，才让我培养了自律，并且获得成就和满足感。(It)
(汉译英)
【答案】It
was
during
the
special
time
when
I
resisted
the
temptation
of
online
games
and
learned
at
my
own
pace
that
I
cultivated
self-discipline
and
gained
a
sense
of
achievement
and
satisfaction.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、强调句和时态。根据提示词It和句意可知使用强调句，结构为：It
is
+被强调部分+that/who+其他，本句强调的时间状语，表示“在特殊时期”短语应为during
the
special
time;表示“抵制……的诱惑”短语应为resist
the
temptation
of；表示“按照自己的节奏”应用短语at
my
own
pace;根据句意，被强调部分还需要使用一个定语从句，用关系副词when指代先行词time并在从句中作时间状语，表示“培养自律”应用cultivate
self-discipline；表示“获得成就感和满足”应用gain
a
sense
of
achievement
and
satisfaction,此时cultivate和gain并列作主句的谓语，语境表明陈述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时。故翻译为It
was
during
the
special
time
that
I
resisted
the
temptation
of
online
games
and
learned
at
my
own
pace
that
I
cultivated
self-discipline
and
gained
a
sense
of
achievement
and
satisfaction.2020学年第一学期向明中学期中考
高二英语试卷
I.
Listening
Comprehension
(20分，每题1分)
Section
A
(10分)
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
a
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversations
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
A.
90
yuan.
B.19
yuan.
C.
45
yuan.
D.
9.5
yuan.
2.
A.
She
promises
to
meet
Jim
tomorrow.
B.
She
promises
to
answer
phone
calls
for
Jim.
C.
She
promises
to
go
to
a
meeting
with
Jim.
D.
She
promises
to
send
a
message
to
Jim.
3.
A.
It
is
well
paid.
B.
It
is
near
his
home.
C.
It
has
long
working
hours.
D.
It
is
an
easy
job.
4.
A.
9:15.
B.
9:45.
C.
9:50.
D.
10:15..
5.
A.
China
B.
India
C.
Norway
D.
London
6.
A.
He
didn’t
want
to
fly.
B.
He
had
an
accident
on
his
way
to
the
airport.
C.
He
was
unable
to
leave
immediately.
D.
He
didn’t
want
to
take
the
exam.
7.
A.
They
are
near
a
window
store.
B.
They
are
in
front
of
their
house.
C.
They
are
the
traffic
lights.
D.
They
are
in
front
of
a
furniture
store.
8.
A.
He
left
his
lab
and
went
on
vacation.
B.
He
locked
his
lab.
C.
He
came
back
early
to
work.
D.
He
went
to
give
a
lecture.
9.
A.
She
plans
to
travel.
B.
She
plans
to
move
to
Europe.
C.
She
plans
to
visit
her
friend
in
Europe.
D.
She
plans
to
learn
foreign
languages.
10.
A.
Connie
and
David
have
changed.
B.
David
wants
to
talk
to
Connie.
C.
Connie
and
David
are
planning
a
trip
together.
D.
Connie
and
David
have
many
friends.
Section
B
(10分)
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
two
short
passages
and
one
longer
conversation,
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
passages
and
the
conversation.
The
passages
and
the
conversation
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
Questions
11
through
13
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
11.
A.
They
knew
they
had
to
make
stone
tools.
B.
The
weather
in
Asia
and
Africa
was
warm.
C.
There
were
lots
of
animals
at
that
time.
D.
They
had
plenty
of
food
to
eat.
12.
A.
They
had
the
kind
of
tools
needed
to
kill
large
animals.
B
The
hunters
were
very
strong.
C.
There
are
too
many
animals
to
hunt.
D.
People
did
not
eat
too
much
meat.
13.
A.
Those
places
where
a
kind
of
food
was
plenty.
B.
Those
places
where
there
were
large
animals.
C.
Those
places
where
various
food
could
be
found.
D.
Those
places
where
materials
for
tool-making
were
plenty.
Questions
14
through
16
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
14.
A.
The
layout
of
the
laboratory.
B.
A
laboratory
experiment.
C.
The
workbook
for
the
laboratory
course.
D.
A
piece
of
equipment.
15.
A.
The
activities
to
be
done
during
class.
B.
The
activities
take
less
time.
C.
No
equipment
is
needed
for
the
activities.
D.
Few
instructions
are
given
for
activities.
16.
A.
At
the
beginning
of
the
semester.
B.
When
the
students
need
to
be
motivated.
C.
After
the
first
laboratory
experiment.
D.
When
the
students
have
done
good
work.
Questions
17
to
20
are
based
on
the
following
conversation.
17.
A.
It
was
established
ten
years
ago.
B.
Its
headquarters
is
in
Britain.
C.
It
turns
to
force
to
solve
environmental
problems.
D.
It
is
a
non-profit
organization.
18.
A.
Anti-animal-abuse
demonstrations.
B.
Anti-nuclear
campaigns.
C.
Surveying
the
Atlantic
Ocean
floor.
D.
Removing
industrial
waste.
19.
A.
By
troubling
and
annoying
them.
B.
By
taking
legal
action.
C.
By
appealing
to
the
public.
D.
By
using
force.
20.
A.
Doubtful.
B.
Indifferent.
C.
Opposed.
D.
Supportive.
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
(10分，每题1分)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Female
Entertainers
Fight
Ageism
in
the
Reality
Show
A
band
of
entertainment
industry
"has-beens"
has
stepped
back
into
the
spotlight
in
Older
Sisters
Riding
Winds
and
Breaking
Waves.
It
is
a
girl
group
knockout
reality
show
____1____
(feature)
performers
older
than
30.
Produced
by
Mango
TV,
the
reality
show
has
made
huge
waves
across
China's
social
platforms.The
show
consists
of
30
seasoned,
established
female
singers,
actors
and
hosts,
____2____were
born
before
1990.
"____3____
some
possibilities
in
life
fade
after
you
hit
30,
you
can
still
transcend
time
and
reinvent
yourself,"
reads
part
of
the
show's
preamble(开场白),
conveying
a
clear
message
____4____
the
ageism
facing
women.
Some
contestants
spoke
out
about
their
attitude
towards
aging
and
age
discrimination.
Wu
Xin
37,
a
hostess
on
the
popular
variety
show
Happy
Camp,
____5____(voice)
her
opinion,
believing
she's
at
the
best
age
of
her
life.
"I
used
to
limit
myself
due
to
a
narrow
vision,
and
thus
missed
a
lot
of
opportunities.
____6____I
get
older,
I've
come
to
realize
that
I
can
do
many
things,
so
I
decided
_____7_____(seize)
this
chance
to
stretch
myself,"
she
said.
While
some
people
see
the
successfully
staged
show
as
a
progression
in
challenging
society’s
youth-obsessed
pop
culture,
____8____
remain
doubtful
and
critical.
Some
viewers
reveal
that
their
anxiety
towards
aging
has
gotten
_____9_____
(bad)
after
watching
the
show.
“My
heart
quivered
as
I
heard
50-year-old
Christy
Chung
say
she
still
feels
as
young
as
20
physically
and
would
always
be
18
at
heart.
The
show
actually
points
out
the
possibility
____10____a
woman’s
actual
age
is
neither
acceptable
for
the
public
nor
for
herself,”
reads
a
Weibo
post
by
Tang
Shuang,
a
senior
fashion
editor
of
Vogue
China.
Section
B(10分，每题1分)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
No
More
Food
Waste
Last
week
Meituan
co-published
a
proposal
with
a
number
of
business
organizations,
including
the
China
General
Chamber
of
Commerce
and
China
Cuisine
Association,
calling
on
restaurants
to
stop
food
waste
and
help
____11____new
eating
habits
for
customers.
“Restaurants
should
innovate
means
of
publicity
using
official
accounts
on
social
media
and
live-streaming
to
promote
and
advocate
food-saving
actions,”
the
proposal
said.
Meituan
and
the
organizations
are
advocating
that
merchants
offer
____12____
to
consumers,
including
reminding
them
during
the
ordering
process
about
the
taste
of
the
ingredients,
portion
sizes
and
other
information
about
the
dishes,
to
help
them
avoid
food
waste
due
to
____13____
information.
Catering
associations
in
more
than
18
provinces
have
also
joined
the
campaign
to
eliminate
food
waste.
On
Friday
the
China
Cuisine
Association
announced
that
it
had
____14____
up
with
Ele.me,
the
Alibaba
Group
Holding-owned
food
delivery
platform,
to
launch
a
“half-dish
plan”,
____15____restaurants
to
provide
customers
with
the
option
to
order
smaller
portions.
The
Wuhan
Catering
Association
____16____
an
“N-1”
ordering
code
for
restaurants
in
which
a
group
of
10
diners
would
only
order
enough
for
nine
people.
More
food
is
only
brought
to
the
table
if
required.
To
curb
(限制)
portrayals
of
food
waste
on
social
media
platforms,
popular
Chinese
video
platforms
such
as
Douyin
and
Kuaishou
have
stepped
up
content
____17____
of
food-related
live
streams
and
implemented
regulation
of
online
eating
shows.
Now
if
users
search
certain
keywords,
such
as
“eating
show”
or
“competitive
eaters”,
a
cautionary
message
pops
up
to
remind
them
to
cherish
food
and
maintain
a
____18____diet.
Across
the
country,
about
40%
of
all
the
food
Americans
buy
ends
up
in
the
trash.
That
food
waste
costs
the
average
family
of
four
about
$1,500
____19____.
It
also
takes
up
valuable
space
in
landfills.
The
state
of
Vermont
has
long
been
a
leader
in
environmental
issues.
Now
it
has
just_____20_____down
on
its
bid
to
get
Vermonters
to
rethink
their
relationship
with
food
and
waste.
As
of
July
1st,
it
became
the
first
state
in
the
nation
to
make
it
illegal
for
residents
to
throw
their
food
scraps
into
the
trash.
That
means
everyone
in
the
state
—
from
businesses
to
residents
—
must
now
keep
their
food
waste
out
of
the
garbage.
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A(15分，每题1分)
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Do
Brain
Training
Games
Work?
With
an
ageing
population
worried
about
cognitive
(认知的)
decline,
brain
training
apps
have
soared
in
popularity.
Search
“brain
training”,
and
you
will
find
____21____
apps
and
websites
promising
to
make
you
mentally
agile
(敏捷的).
In
the
same
way
that
we
might
go
to
the
gym
to
exercise,
a
daily
mental
____22____
is
said
to
produce
physical
changes
in
the
brain.
All
you
will
have
to
do
is
to
____23____
a
few
minutes
each
day
to
complete
puzzles,
memory
games
and
word
quizzes.
At
least
that’s
the
idea.
And
there
are
a
lot
of
people
who
are
____24____
into
it.
In
2018,
consumers
spent
an
estimated
$1.9
billion
on
brain
training
apps—a
fourfold
increase
from
2012.
Of
course,
smartphones
were
not
the
original
home
for
brain
training
games.
____25____,
Nintendo
recently
released
its
fourth
all-time
best-selling
game,
Brain
Age,
and
brought
it
to
the
Switch
in
Japan
last
month.
The
idea
of
improving
mental
fitness
clearly
has
widespread
appeal,
but
is
it
based
on
scientific
evidence
or
____26____
marketing
promises?
In
2014,
the
Stanford
Center
on
Longevity
published
an
open
letter
____27____
by
69
international
neuroscientists
(神经科学家)
and
cognitive
psychologists.
There
is
no
convincing
scientific
evidence,
the
experts
argued,
that
playing
brain
games
improves
cognitive
abilities
in
everyday
life.
Two
years
later,
another
team
of
psychologists
reviewed
every
scientific
study
cited
by
major
brain
training
companies
____28____
their
products.
They
questioned
not
only
how
the
evidence
had
been
reported
and
interpreted,
but
the
way
many
of
the
studies
had
been
designed.
The
____29____
included
small
sample
sizes,
inadequate
control
groups,
and
cherry-picking
(挑选最有利的)
research
outcomes
to
_____30_____.
If
the
science
is
so
_____31_____
flawed
(错误的),
why
do
people
feel
the
need
to
train
their
brains
with
these
apps
and
games?
That’s
_____32_____,
according
to
Til
Wykes,
a
professor
at
King’s
College
London.
Nintendo’s
Brain
Age
game,
for
instance,
assigns
players
a
score
based
on
their
gaming
performance.
They
might
start
with
a
“brain
age”
score
of
60
and
after
a
few
weeks
of
_____33_____,
will
be
told
they
have
reduced
it
to
40.
For
some
people,
there
is
clearly
some
positive
reward
for
seeing
themselves
improve
over
time.
Wykes
stresses,
_____34_____,
that
for
people
who
are
really
worried
about
their
cognition,
learning
a
new
language
would
be
more
beneficial,
which
has
been
shown
to
improve
brain
_____35_____.
21.
A.
endless
B.
advanced
C.
protective
D.
imaginary
22.
A.
outcome
B.
tryout
C.
workout
D.
outlook
23.
A.
set
out
B.
set
back
C.
set
off
D.
set
aside
24.
A.
buying
B.
engaging
C.
overlooking
D.
inquiring
25.
A.
By
contrast
B.
For
instance
C.
Of
course
D.
In
conclusion
26.
A.
reliable
B.
precious
C.
secret
D.
empty
27.
A.
signed
B.
secured
C.
received
D.
sought
28
A.
in
presence
of
B.
in
support
of
C.
in
case
of
D.
in
memory
of
29.
A.
expectation
B.
solution
C.
criticism
D.
standard
30.
A.
report
B.
design
C.
produce
D.
negotiate
31.
A.
effortlessly
B.
temporarily
C.
seriously
D.
unfairly
32.
A.
dependable
B.
understandable
C.
comparable
D.
achievable
33.
A.
experiment
B.
theory
C.
practice
D.
performance
34.
A.
altogether
B.
therefore
C.
however
D.
likewise
35.
A.
movement
B.
cooperation
C.
evaluation
D.
function
Section
B
(12分，每题1.5分)
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
Math,
Taught
like
Football
Growing
up,
I
thought
math
class
was
something
to
be
endured,
not
enjoyed.
I
disliked
memorizing
formulas
and
taking
tests,
all
for
the
dull
goal
of
getting
a
good
grade.
But
my
problem
wasn’t
with
math
itself.
In
fact,
I
spent
countless
hours
as
a
child
doing
logic
and
math
puzzles
on
my
own,
and
as
a
teenager,
when
a
topic
seemed
particularly
interesting,
I
would
go
to
the
library
and
read
more
about
it.
By
high
school,
none
of
my
teachers
questioned
my
mathematical
talent,
but
none
of
them
really
encouraged
it,
either.
No
one
told
me
that
I
could
become
a
professional
mathematician.
What
I
wanted
to
do
then
was
to
play
college
football.
My
ambition
was
to
get
an
athletic
scholarship
to
attend
a
Big
Ten
school.
The
chances
of
that
happening
were
very
low.
In
high
school,
I
was
just
an
above-average
athlete
and
my
high
school
was
not
a
“feeder”
school
for
college
sports
programs.
That
didn’t
stop
me
from
dreaming,
though.
And
it
didn’t
stop
my
coaches
from
encouraging
me
to
believe
I
could
reach
my
goal,
and
preparing
and
pushing
me
to
work
for
it.
They
made
video
tapes
of
my
performances
and
sent
them
to
college
coaches
around
the
country.
It
didn’t
matter
that
I
didn’t
initially
attract
much
interest
from
the
big
schools.
My
coaches
kept
picking
up
the
phone,
and
kept
convincing
me
to
try
to
prove
myself.
In
the
end,
a
Big
Ten
school,
Pennstate,
did
offer
me
a
scholarship.
A
growing
body
of
research
shows
that
students
are
affected
by
more
than
just
the
quality
of
a
lesson
plan.
They
also
respond
to
the
passion
of
their
teachers
and
the
engagement
of
their
peers,
and
they
seek
a
sense
of
purpose.
They
benefit
from
specific
instructions,
constant
feedback
and
a
culture
of
earning
that
encourages
resilience
in
the
face
of
failure.
Until
I
got
to
college,
I
didn’t
really
know
what
mathematics
was.
I
still
thought
of
it
as
problem
sets
and
laborious
computations.
Then
one
day,
one
of
my
professors
handed
me
a
book
and
suggested
that
I
think
about
a
particular
problem.
It
wasn’t
easy,
but
it
was
fascinating.
My
professor
kept
giving
me
problems,
and
I
kept
pursuing
them.
Before
long,
he
was
introducing
me
to
problems
that
had
never
been
solved
before
and
urging
me
to
find
new
techniques
to
help
crack
them.
I
am
now
a
Ph.
D.
candidate
in
mathematics
at
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology,
and
I
have
published
several
papers
in
mathematical
journals.
I
still
feel
that
childlike
excitement
every
time
I
complete
a
proof.
I
wish
I’d
known
this
was
possible
when
I
was
a
kid.
36.
Why
did
the
writer
think
math
class
in
school
was
“something
to
be
endured”
before
entering
college?
A.
Because
he
wasn’t
interested
in
math.
B.
Because
his
math
teachers
didn’t
care
to
push
him.
C.
Because
he
was
too
smart
and
talented
for
math
class.
D.
Because
he
was
training
hard
for
an
athletic
scholarship.
37.
According
to
the
writer,
students
are
affected
by
the
following
things
from
teachers
or
coaches
EXCEPT
__________.
A.
passion
B.
constant
feedback
C.
a
sense
of
purpose
D.
specific
instructions
38.
We
can
conclude
that
after
entering
college,
the
writer___________.
A.
was
busy
looking
for
problem
sets
to
crack
B.
began
to
realize
what
mathematics
really
is
C.
met
with
laborious
computations
in
his
studies
D.
studied
on
his
own
just
as
he
was
in
high
school
39.
What
does
“this”
in
the
last
sentence
mean?
A.
Feeling
the
children
excitement.
B.
Different
mathematical
research.
C.
Generating
curiosity
and
creativity.
D.
Being
a
professional
mathematician.
(B)
Modern
medicine’s
ability
to
keep
us
alive
makes
it
tempting
to
think
human
evolution
may
have
stopped.
But
if
we
look
at
the
rate
of
our
DNA’s
evolution,
we
can
see
that
human
evolution
hasn’t
stopped
–
it
may
even
be
happening
faster
than
before.
Evolution
is
a
gradual
change
to
the
DNA
of
a
species
over
many
generations.
It
can
occur
by
natural
selection,
when
certain
traits
created
by
genetic
changes
help
an
organism
survive
or
reproduce.
Such
genes
are
thus
more
likely
to
be
passed
on
to
the
next
generation,
so
they
increase
in
frequency
in
a
population.
Gradually,
these
changes
and
their
associated
traits
become
more
common
among
the
whole
group.
By
looking
at
global
studies
of
our
DNA,
we
can
see
evidence
that
natural
selection
has
recently
made
changes
and
continues
to
do
so.
Though
modern
healthcare
disrupts
a
key
driving
force
of
evolution
by
keeping
some
people
alive
longer,
in
countries
without
access
to
good
healthcare,
populations
are
continuing
to
evolve.
Survivors
of
infectious
disease
outbreaks
drive
natural
selection
by
giving
their
genetic
resistance
to
offspring.
Our
DNA
shows
evidence
for
recent
selection
for
resistance
of
killer
diseases
like
Lassa
fever
and
malaria.
Selection
in
response
to
malaria
remains
in
regions
where
the
disease
remains
common.
Humans
are
also
adapting
to
their
environment.
Gene
change
allowing
humans
to
live
at
high
altitudes
have
become
more
common
in
populations
in
Tibet,
Ethiopia,
and
the
Andes.
The
spread
of
genetic
changes
in
Tibet
is
possibly
the
fastest
evolutionary
change
in
humans,
occurring
over
the
past
3,000
years.
This
rapid
increase
in
frequency
of
a
mutated
gene
that
increases
blood
oxygen
content
gives
locals
a
survival
advantage
in
higher
altitudes,
resulting
in
more
surviving
children.
Diet
is
another
source
for
adaptations.
Studies
show
that
natural
selection
favoring
a
change
allowing
adults
to
produce
lactase
–
the
enzyme
(酶)
that
breaks
down
milk
sugars
–
is
why
some
groups
of
people
can
digest
milk.
Over
80
per
cent
of
northwest
Europeans
can,
but
in
parts
of
East
Asia,
where
milk
is
much
less
commonly
drunk,
an
inability
to
digest
lactose
is
the
norm.
Like
high
altitude
adaptation,
selection
to
digest
milk
has
evolved
more
than
once
in
humans
and
may
be
the
strongest
kind
of
recent
selection.
Yet,
despite
these
changes,
natural
selection
only
affects
about
8
per
cent
of
our
genome.
But
scientists
can’t
explain
why
some
genes
are
evolving
much
faster
than
others.
We
measure
the
speed
of
gene
evolution
by
comparing
human
DNA
with
that
of
other
species.
One
fast-evolving
gene
is
human
accelerated
region
1
(HAR1),
which
is
needed
during
brain
development.
A
random
section
of
human
DNA
is
on
average
more
than
98
per
cent
identical
to
the
chimp
comparator,
but
HAR1
is
so
fast
evolving
that
it’s
only
around
85
per
cent
similar.
Though
scientists
can
see
these
changes
are
happening
–
and
how
quickly
–
we
still
don’t
fully
understand
why
fast
evolution
happens
to
some
genes
but
not
others.
40.
Which
of
the
following
statements
may
the
author
agree
with?
A.
Evolution
occurs
among
several
people
overnight.
B.
Genes
may
change
and
some
are
beneficial
to
people’s
lives.
C.
Evolution
is
done
when
the
whole
population
possesses
a
certain
gene.
D.
The
changed
genes
leading
to
higher
survival
rates
are
chosen
deliberately.
41.
The
underlined
word
“disrupts”
in
paragraph
3
can
be
best
replaced
by________.
A.
explains
B.
causes
C.
upsets
D.
heals
42.
The
author
illustrates
humans’
ongoing
evolution
with
the
following
examples
EXCEPT
that__________.
A
some
people
can
resist
infectious
diseases
like
malaria
B.
children
in
Tibet
tolerate
living
environments
with
thin
air
C.
northwestern
Europeans
digest
lactose
better
than
East
Asians
D.
the
human
gene
HAR1
resembles
that
of
a
chimp
to
a
lesser
extent
43.
Which
of
the
following
may
serve
as
the
title?
A.
What
Is
Natural
Selection?
B.
Are
Humans
Still
Evolving?
C.
Why
Will
Certain
Genes
Evolve?
D.
How
Do
Mutated
Genes
Function?
Section
C
(8分，每题2分)
Directions:
Read
the
passage
carefully.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
(C)
Top
College
Graduates
Get
Paid
More,
but
do
They
Perform
Better?
It’s
generally
believed
that
better
universities
attract
better
students
and
provide
better
training,
so
it
makes
sense
to
use
the
university
rank
as
a
predictor
of
employee
performance.
But
is
it
a
good
hiring
strategy?
Do
university
rankings
predict
job
performance?
Our
research
suggests
yes
—
but
only
to
a
degree.
In
a
recent
study,
we
tested
the
relationship
between
the
university
rank
and
performance
of
graduates.
We
tracked
the
performance
of
28,339
students
from
294
universities
that
ranked
from
Top
10
to
about
top
20,000
in
the
Webometrics
global
university
rankings.
_____44_____Importantly,
we
captured
not
only
the
quality
of
the
output,
but
a
wide
range
of
hard
and
soft
competencies
including
cooperation
with
team
members,
leadership,
language
proficiency,
technical
skills,
emotional
intelligence,
creativity,
and
more.
Our
results
offer
some
comfort
to
the
traditional
recruiters.
After
controlling
for
age,
gender,
and
the
year
of
study,
we
found
that
graduates
from
higher-ranked
universities
performed
better,
but
only
nominally
and
only
on
some
dimensions
of
performance.
_____45_____The
first
was
selection:
higher-ranked
universities
usually
can
choose
from
a
larger
pool
of
applicants,
which
leads
to
steeper
competition
and
a
higher
quality
of
the
incoming
class.
Corroborating
the
selectivity
hypothesis,
our
data
demonstrated
that
students
at
higher-ranked
universities
indeed
score
higher
on
general
cognitive
ability
tests,
have
more
international
experience,
better
English
proficiency,
and
higher
cultural
intelligence.
Second,
higher-ranked
universities
should
provide
better
training.
Top
universities
employ
better
instructors,
offer
access
to
better-equipped
facilities,
attract
better
speakers
and
guests
to
campus,
which
in
turn,
should
lead
to
better
training
and
subsequent
performance.
Finally,
it
might
be
expected
that
higher-ranked
institutions
might
provide
a
more
stimulating
academic
environment.
_____46_____
Having
notable,
hardworking,
celebrity-status
professors,
along
with
being
around
intelligent,
highly-motivated,
achievement-oriented
peers,
positively
affects
self-efficacy,
motivation,
effort,
and
work
ethic.
Despite
their
slightly
better
overall
performance,
hiring
graduates
from
higher-ranked
institutions
could
have
a
downside.
Our
data
suggest
that
students
from
higher-ranked
universities
might
damage
team
cooperation,
sometimes
carelessly.
_____47_____
In
some
instances,
graduates
from
top
universities
tend
to
be
less
friendly,
are
more
prone
to
conflict,
and
are
less
likely
to
identify
with
their
team.
A.
Indeed,
education
is
not
only
lectures
and
seminars.
B.
However,
our
study
revealed
no
difference
in
the
following
aspects.
C.
They
clearly
know
that
interpersonal
relationships
at
work
play
a
critical
role
in
career
success.
D.
They
tend
to
excessively
focus
on
the
instrumental
tasks
paying
insufficient
attention
to
interpersonal
relationships.
E.
We
also
found
several
reasons
why
the
graduates
from
the
top
universities
performed
better
than
those
from
the
lower-ranked
schools.
F.
We
observed
the
students’
performance
for
two
months
as
they
were
working
in
global
virtual
teams
on
real-life
business
consulting
projects.
IV.
Summary
Writing
(10分)
48.
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Classroom
Pets
Watching
duck
eggs
hatch
in
a
classroom
was
a
“wow”
experience
that
brought
the
topic
to
life,
says
Sarah
Holmes,
teacher
in
Derby
High
School’s
primary
department.
Classrooms
across
the
UK
house
a
wide
range
of
school
pets:
hamsters,
fish,
guinea
pigs
and
even
tortoises.
But
though
they
teach
children
about
nature,
it
is
not
always
a
happy
story,
animal
charities
say,
and
it
might
be
teaching
children
the
wrong
lessons.
In
some
schools,
animals
die
because
the
school
cannot
afford
vets’
fees.
The
eggs
at
Derby
High
came
from
a
company
that
provided
detailed
instructions
on
how
to
care
or
the
ducklings
and
took
them
back
to
rear,
but
the
service
costs
money
not
all
schools
can
afford.
The
Potteries
Guinea
Pig
Rescue
based
in
Stoke-on-trent,
has
taken
in
a
number
of
guinea
pigs
from
schools
in
North
Stafforshire
that
have
found
themselves
unable
to
care
for
the
animals.
The
schools
thought
it
was
a
good
idea
until
the
animal
experienced
health
issues
and
they
had
to
pay
for
vet
treatment.
Many
teachers
who
keep
classroom
pets
do
so
with
good
intentions.
But
as
a
matter
of
fact,
a
classroom
simply
isn’t
a
suitable
home
for
an
animal.
The
sleep-wake
cycles
of
nocturnal(夜间活动的)
animals
such
as
mice
and
hamsters
are
disturbed
by
bright
classroom
lights
and
by
pupils
taking
them
out
of
their
cages
and
handling
them.
Peta
(People
for
the
Ethical
Treatment
of
Animals)
says
it
hears
complaints
that
animals
have
died
after
being
over-handled
or
through
accidents
occurring
when
being
played
with.
“I
can’t
imagine
many
things
worse
than
being
limited
to
a
cage
stuck
in
a
noisy
classroom
all
day,”
one
citizen
said.
Nevertheless,
Debs
Howe,
a
former
biology
teacher
who
now
runs
an
egg
hatching
company,
says
that
done
responsibly,
looking
after
animals
can
be
an
experience
children
don’t
forget.
For
children
who
may
have
issues
accessing
the
curriculum
often
due
to
autism
(自闭症)
or
emotional
or
behavioral
issues,
the
hatching
of
chicks
has
an
incredible
effect.
It’s
also
particularly
appealing
to
those
who
always
live
in
cities
with
little
access
to
farms
or
nature.
V.
Translation
(15分，第一,二题3分，第三题4分，第四题5分)
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
49.
玛丽的评论不被别人的意见所影响。(independent)
(汉译英)
50.
虽然有很多顾客投诉他态度不好，但他却感激他们帮助了他。(appreciate)
(汉译英)
51.
人们绝不该追逐这种时尚潮流，它会导致一些濒危动物的灭绝。(By
no
means)
(汉译英)
52.
正是在特殊时期，我抵制了网络游戏的诱惑，按照自己的节奏学习，才让我培养了自律，并且获得成就和满足感。(It)
(汉译英)
