Module 2 Fantasy Literature – Philip Pullman.模块测试题（无听力试题）
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Module 2 Fantasy Literature – Philip Pullman.模块测试题
阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
White water action in Victoria Falls
In 1985, Shearwater was the first Zimbabwean company to run white-water rafting (激流漂流) trips in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. Since then, Shearwater has become known internationally for some of the best white water action on the planet. Today, 34 years later, Shearwater continues to be at the forefront (处于最前列) of white-water rafting on the Zambezi, offering one-day rafting trips (in both high- and low-water seasons), overnight trips, and multi-day wilderness adventures.
Splash and Dash — March and June
“Splash and Dash” describes a very high-water run operated at the beginning and end of the rafting season. Most of the really big rapids, for which the Zambezi is famous, have either been washed out or are considered too dangerous for rafting purposes. The hike (徒步旅行) out of the gorge remains difficult, so you need to be fit!
US $132
Multi-day rafting adventures — low water only
A chance for you to explore more of the Zambezi River past the Batoka Gorge Dam and on to the upper reaches of Lake Kariba. The days get lazier as the river widens through flat areas, and there is plenty of opportunity for you to fish, watch the wildlife and camp in the wilderness on the sandy beaches of the Zambezi.
Shearwater offers 2.5-day (US $550) and 5-day (US $880) multi-day rafting trips.
Overnight trips — low water only
Instead of facing a tiring climb at the end of an amazing day, take us up on our offer to camp overnight in the gorge on one of the beaches used only by Shearwater customers, and enjoy complete peace and privacy beside the river when everyone else has left. Tents are provided, although many people choose to sleep under the clear sky.
US $220 — Minimum (最少量) of 4 required.
21. What can we learn about Shearwater?
A. It was set up twenty years ago.
B. It leads the field in white-water rafting.??
C. It offers worldwide adventure activities.
D. It was the first company to run a tourism business.
22. How much should you pay if you take a 5-day rafting trip?
A. $132.??????
B. $220.???????
C. $550.???????
D. $880.
23. What is special about overnight trips?
A. They are quite dangerous.
B. They offer a private beach.???
C. They involve a long and tiring hike.
D. They are run in high-water seasons.
?
B
Mickey Wilson had been on the mountain for only a few seconds when he heard the shouting. Wilson, a 28-year-old ski (滑雪) lover, had just gotten off the chairlift at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area in Keystone, Colorado, along with his friends Billy Simmons and Hans Mueller. Their friend Richard had been on the chairlift ahead of them, but when the men reached the top of the chairlift, he had seemingly disappeared. The men walked toward the shouting and found skiers pointing to the chairlift. And then the friends shouted too.
When Richard had tried to jump off the chairlift, his backpack had become caught in the chairlift, which then pulled him back down the hill. In the process, the backpack strap (带子) ended up around his neck. Now Richard’s body was four feet below the chairlift, his ski boots ten feet above the snow. The chairlift operator had quickly stopped the chairlift, and the skiers ran toward the scene. They made a human pyramid (金字塔) to try to reach Richard, but Richard was too far off the ground. Then Wilson ran to a nearby chairlift tower. After he reached the top, Wilson’s first challenge was to somehow climb onto the two-inch steel cable (钢索) that held the chairlifts. As luck would have it, he’s a professional slackliner (走软绳者). That helped him keep his balance, but he knew he couldn’t walk on the cable. “I had ski boots on,” Wilson says.???
The solution: He climbed onto the chairlift cable, then used his hands to pull himself to Richard. Wilson’s greatest fear wasn’t that he’d fall, but that he wouldn’t reach his friend in time.
When he reached Richard’s chairlift, Wilson dropped down onto it. Now standing on the chairlift, he kicked down on the backpack, trying to use a knife to break the backpack strap. Richard fell down to the soft snow below and was then sent to the hospital at once.???
That night, Richard called Wilson from the hospital. Richard couldn’t say much, but he did thank his friend. “No problem, bro,” Wilson said. “I always wanted to climb one of those things.”
24. What happened to Richard at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area?
A. He ended up hanging from a ski lift.
B. He sat across the chairlift cable.
C. He was stuck in the chair.
D. He fell down the hill.
25. Which of the following helped Wilson save Richard’s life?
A. His ski boots.
B. The calm skiers.
C. A human pyramid.
D. His slackline skills.
26. Which words can best describe Wilson?
A. Kind and traditional.
B. Humorous and polite.
C. Serious and energetic.
D. Courageous and wise.
27. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. Well begun is half done.
B. He that climbs high falls heavily.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
?
C
When Jack Prelutsky was a kid in New York more than fifty years ago, he didn’t know he would grow up to write poetry for children.
Neither of his parents read poetry to him when he was little. When his fourth-grade teacher read poems in class, he thought they seemed boring. To nine-year-old Prelutsky, poetry seemed like serious business. And Prelutsky was anything but serious. “I wanted to hear poems about myself — about outer space and sports and music,” he says. “So I started to think of poetry as punishment.”
Prelutsky had always taken voice and piano lessons, but when he attended New York’s High School of Music and Art, his love for music grew deeper. “I liked the way songs said what they had to say — the simple, direct, ordinary language they employed. I really think that’s what made me see poetry in a new light.”
Then Prelutsky took a drawing class in his early twenties and found he wasn’t very good at life drawing. But he was good at drawing imaginary animals.
In six months, Prelutsky drew a lot of imaginary animals with strange characteristics. He loved each one, but felt something was missing. “Then one evening, I looked at them and said, ‘They need poems.’ I still don’t know why I thought of it, but within half an hour, I had all the poems written.”
Publishing the poems never crossed Prelutsky’s mind in those early days. But when friends fell in love with his poems, he agreed to share them with a children’s book editor (编辑).
“She didn’t think much of my illustrations (插图),” he says, “but she told me that I was a natural poet and encouraged me to keep writing.”
At the time, Prelutsky was surprised at the editor’s encouragement. But more than forty books later, he’s still making friends and fans laugh. From monsters to frogs, Prelutsky has turned silly into an art form.
28. What can we learn about Prelutsky when he was a kid?
A. He hated poetry. ?????
B. He took sports seriously. ??????????????
C. He found it hard to read poems.
D. He developed an interest in business.
29. How did drawing influence Prelutsky?
A. It drove him to love music.
B. It brought out his poetic skills. ????????????? ?
C. It raised his confidence in writing. ?
D. It helped him become a famous painter.
30. How did the editor feel about Prelutsky’s poems?
A. She gave them high praise.
B. She was surprised by them.?
C. She refused to publish them.
D. She showed no interest in them.
31. What is a characteristic of Prelutsky’s poems?
A. They are funny.
B. They are encouraging.
C. They are person-centered.?
D. They are family-friendly.
?
D
My son is doing an MA (Master of Arts) in music, so for his final project he decided to explore the role of fantasy in society. He emailed home for help. “Naturally we all love escapism,” he wrote, “but the important question is why? You’re a fantasy writer, Mum, got any ideas?”
This is what I came up with: Fantasy is important for the human mind. It begins as the psychological? process by which a child learns to fill the space between knowledge, reality and experience.
When we were small children, trying to get to sleep, a creaking (嘎吱响的) floorboard was really frightening. Who or what could be making the noise? The only way to make sense of the experience was to fantasize: there’s probably a tiger under the bed.
Children frighten themselves silly like this, but while they have no knowledge of central heating pipes swelling (管道膨胀), they have to use make-believe to fill the space between experience and knowledge. As time passes and children learn about the effect of heat on pipes and floorboards, they will often prefer the tiger story. Fear, within a safe environment, is fun.
As they grow, children need stories that include war, falling in love, becoming a hero and saving the world. They provide a framework (框架) within which developing emotions (情感) can awaken, ready for “real life” when it hits.
Louis Sachar’s Holes is a great modern explanation of this, but the best ones are those we make up for ourselves. A friend who is a child psychologist was treating a boy who’d been mistreated by a relative. The child loved this person, and was puzzled and hurt by what had happened, so my friend wrote him a story about a baby rabbit that loved his uncle, a wolf. One day, the wolf hurt him. The rabbit remembered the love, but he also understood that wolves were dangerous, and had to be avoided. The child went away with the tools to reconcile (和解) the irreconcilable.
Taking one step away from reality to that “safe” place of pretend prepares us to look the world’s hard realities in the face.
32. Which question puzzled the author’s son??
A. Do people love escapism?
B. Why is fantasy so important???????????
C. Is escapism good for people?
D. What is the purpose of fantasy music?
33. How can fantasies about creaking floorboards benefit children?
A. By helping them to get to sleep quickly.
B. By encouraging them to find out the truth.
C. By helping them to overcome fear on their own.
D. By allowing them to explore their feelings in a safe way.
34. Which of the following about fantasy would the author agree with????
A. It frees kids of concerns.
B. It makes people emotional.
C. It helps people spot danger.
D. It prepares kids for real life.
35. How did the child psychologist’s make-up story turn out?
A. It worked well.
B. It confused the child.?
C. It made the relative apologize.
D. It became more popular than Holes.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Shannon Dunn-Downing
In 1988, when Shannon Dunn-Downing was a teenager, a new sport came to her mountain town: snowboarding (单板滑雪)! Shannon’s brother Sean encouraged her to give the new sport a try. She fell a lot that first day. After skiing for so long, it felt awkward to stand sideways as she went down the mountain. ?36 ?Soon, she was snowboarding as often as possible with her brother, her best friend Betsy, and a group of boys.
Back then, Shannon didn’t know how popular snowboarding would become; she only knew she loved it. Yet just three years after strapping on a board for the first time, Shannon signed her first professional contract with a company that made snowboards. ?37 ?In 1991, she went to an international competition for the first time in the mountains of France, and she took third place!
Shannon’s success led to new opportunities — including the chance to help design one of the first women’s professional snowboards and have it named after her. ?38 ?At the time, snowboards and snowboard-related clothing for girls didn’t exist. Shannon drew the art for the snowboard herself, huge yellow sunflowers on a red background. The men in the company argued that the design was “too girlie” and that the snowboard wouldn’t sell. ?39 ?It became the highest-selling snowboard in the company’s line!
In 1998, snowboarding appeared at the Olympics, and Shannon took home a bronze medal (铜牌). She was the first American woman to win an Olympic medal in snowboarding! ?40 ?These days, Shannon no longer competes, but she still loves to snowboard!
A. This was a big opportunity.
B. The company faced a lot of challenges.
C. Shannon won a lot of international competitions.
D. But Shannon came to love the sport and bought a snowboard of her own.
E. The contract meant that the company would pay for her travel to competitions.
F. With the support of her team manager, Shannon persuaded the company to use her design.
G. Shannon had come a long way in a short time, from trying a new sport to becoming a pioneer.
?
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve been in the US for two years. I used to study British English, but I still had a hard time ?41 ?Americans at first. Without good English skills, I couldn’t ?42 ?a job in my field. Now my English is much ?43 . I’m used to speaking English every day in my job, with my neighbors, and even with my ?44 . My children used to speak Ukrainian with me all the time when we first ?45 , but now that they’re in school, they’re used to hearing and ?46 ?English all the time. They also ?47 ?English from watching American TV. They’re beginning to forget Ukrainian. When I ask them a question in Ukrainian, they ?48 ?me in English. It’s no ?49 ?for me, but my parents don’t speak English, and they can’t get used to having so ?50 ?communication with their grandchildren.
?????? I used to be an engineer in Ukraine. But for the past two years in the US, I’ve been ?51 ?as a taxi driver. Now that I know ?52 ?English, I’m ready to find a job in my ?53 . However, it’s been ?54 ?for two reasons. First, I’m not used to selling myself at a job interview. In fact, it’s ?55 ?for me to say how wonderful I am to a ?56 . But my job counselor (顾问) told me that I have to get used to it ?57 ?that’s what Americans do. Second, in my country, I used to draw by hand. In the US, everything is done by computer. I’m not used to using a computer. To ?58 ?my skills, I’ve been taking courses in Computer-Aided Design. My children, however, have grown up with ?59 , so they’re used to them and love them.
?????? It has been ?60 ?to get used to so many new things, but little by little we’re doing it.
41. A. teaching????????????? B. understanding C. helping ? ? ? ? ?D. believing
42. A. accept ? ? ? ? ? ?B. offer C. refuse ? ? ? ? ? D. find
43. A. simpler ? ? ? ? ? B. better?? C. clearer ? ? ? ? ? D. poorer
44. A. students ? ? ? ? ? B. customers? C. children???????????? D. parents
45. A. arrived???????? ?????? B. met???? C. entered????????????? D. discussed
46. A. writing???????? ?????? B. repeating C. translating? ??????????D. speaking
47. A. read ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. learned? C. used ? ? ? ? ?? D. changed
48. A. greet ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. join???? C. answer ? ? ? ? ??D. call
49. A. problem ? ? ? ? ? ?B. need C. reason??????? ?????? D. secret
50. A. direct ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. informal???? C. real ? ?? D. little
51. A. working ? ? ? ? ? ?B. acting C. visiting ? ? ? ? ?D. waiting
52. A. standard????????????? B. proper C. enough ? ? ? D. limited
53. A. tour ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. country C. field ? ? ? ? ? ?D. hometown
54. A. boring ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. interesting C. different ? ? ? ?D. difficult
55. A. common ? ? ? ? ? ??B. uncomfortable C. easy ? ? ? ? ? D. unfair
56. A. stranger ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. co-worker C. friend ? ? ? ??D. relative
57. A. when ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. unless C. because ? ? ? D. though
58. A. improve ? ? ? ? ? ? ??B. keep C. test ? ? ? ??D. share?
59. A. pictures ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. televisions C. movies ? ? ? ? D. computers
60. A. necessary ? ? ? ? ? ??B. hard C. encouraging? ? D. impossible
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thomas Hardy OM (2 June 1840-11 January 1928) is 61. ________ (general) thought to be one of the greatest figures in English literature.
Thomas Hardy was born at Upper Bockhampton near Dorchester, Dorset. His father was a stonemason (石匠). His mother was well-read and added to his formal 62. ________ (educate). Hardy trained as an architect in Dorchester before moving to London 63. ________ (get) a job. He won prizes from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Architectural Association.
Hardy wrote 64. ________ small number of novels 65. ________ earned him a high reputation in his lifetime, such as Tess of the D’Urbervilles and The Mayor of Casterbridge. His novel, Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) was 66. ________ (succeed) enough for Hardy to give up his architectural work and take up a full-time literary career.
In 1898, Hardy 67. ________ (publish) his first volume (册) of poetry, Wessex Poems, a collection of poems 68. ________ (write) over the previous 30 years. Hardy continued to publish collections until his death in 1928.
The sudden death of Hardy’s wife in 1912 had a disastrous effect 69. ________ him. He made a trip to Cornwall to revisit places connected with her and wrote a series, Poems of 1912-13, expressing his sorrow.
Hardy died in 1928. His funeral, on 16 January at Westminster Abbey, was a controversial (有争议的) occasion: his family and friends had wished him to be buried at Stinsford, but his executor (遗嘱执行人), Sir Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, had insisted he 70. ________ (place) in Poets’ Corner. Finally, Hardy’s heart was buried at Stinsford and his ashes were buried in the abbey.?
?
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The other day I decide to take a train to the beach with my friend Zhang Xin to relaxing. After getting the tickets, I asked for Zhang Xin to stay where he was but went to buy some bottled water. However, when I went back, I couldn’t find them anywhere. When I spotted Zhang Xin and realized what he was doing, I immediate took a picture of him. He was taking the time to help an old man, who were struggling with his walking stick, go up the stair. Later, I put the picture on Internet and described what he had done, that received many likes.?
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的英国好友Nina发来邮件，提到了她对未来生活的憧憬。请你用英语给她回一封邮件，与她分享你对未来食物的看法。
注意：词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）。
Dear Nina,
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? Yours,
???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? Li Hua?????
?
新高考 概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We are bombarded (轰炸) by many advertisements every day. Sellers try all means and ways to gain our attention and sell us their products or services. Advertisements appear everywhere. We can see them on television, in the newspapers, in magazines and so on.
Advertisements are very useful though we sometimes feel angry when they interrupt our favorite television programs. They provide us with free information on products and services. This information is especially useful if a product or service is new. For example, when we need to buy a computer, advertisements describing the latest models and their different functions could be very helpful. Besides, our newspapers are sold at a low price of about one dollar, thanks to the advertisements in the papers, or the price would have to be higher.
While advertisements can be good helpers for shopping, they do have their weaknesses. Most advertisements aim to sell only. Weaknesses of the products or services are usually hidden from the buyers. Therefore, sometimes, we feel cheated if the products or services we buy don’t turn out the way they are advertised to be. Sometimes, advertisements by competitors can get very intensive (密集的), especially when there are many firms producing similar products, and we find it hard to decide which to buy. What’s more, having more advertisements means that the production costs of the firm are increased. These rises in cost are usually passed on to the buyers in the form of higher prices.
In conclusion, though I do?advocate?(支持) advertisements, I do not deny (否认) their weaknesses. So I would say that although we cannot live without advertisements, we must be careful how we live with them.???
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
21-25 BDBAD ? ? ? ? 26-30 DCABA
31-35 ABDDA ? ? ? ? 36-40 DEAFG ??????
41-45 BDBCA 46-50 DBCAD??????
51-55 ACCDB ? ? ? ? ?56-60 ACADB
61. generally?? ?????? 62. education ? ? ? ? 63. to get??
64. a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??65. which / that ? ? ? 66. successful??
67. published ? ? ? ? ?68. written ? ? ? ? ? ? 69. on / upon??
70. (should) be placed???
短文改错
71. ... I decide to ... ??????????? ???? ?? decide → decided
72. ... to relaxing.????????? ????????????? relaxing → relax
73. ... I asked for ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?去掉for
74. ... but went to ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?but → and
75. ... couldn’t find them ... ? ? ? ? ? them → him
76. ... I immediate took ... ? ? ? ? ? ?immediate → immediately
77. ... who were struggling ... ??? ? were → was
78. ... the stair. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??stair → stairs?
79. ... on Internet ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Internet前加the
80. ... that received ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?that → which
书面表达
One possible version:
Dear Nina,
I’d like to share my ideas about food in the future with you.
First, food in the future will be kept in a small capsule, so it will be convenient to carry. And when you open the capsule, it will become the size of normal food with appealing shapes. Besides, it will be very delicious as a result of its special design which will allow you to change it to suit your personal taste. Last, it will be good for your health because it will detect the nutrients you lack and supply you with them.
I believe such food will make our life much better.?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Yours,?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Li Hua
新高考 概要写作
One possible version：
It’s not uncommon to see advertisements in our life. (要点1) Besides being informative, advertisements help lower the price of newspapers. (要点2) However, advertisements may cover up the weaknesses of products; buyers may get confused when there’re too many advertisements. Moreover, advertisements raise production costs, which in turn increase the price of products. (要点3) Therefore, be careful when making buying decisions based on them. (要点4)
?
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章介绍了Shearwater公司提供的激流漂流等水上项目。
21. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Since then, Shearwater has become known internationally for some of the best white water action ... white-water rafting on the Zambezi可知，Shearwater公司是激流漂流领域的佼佼者。
22. D。细节理解题。根据Multi-day rafting adventures — low water only部分中的Shearwater offers 2.5-day (US $550) and 5-day (US $880) multi-day rafting trips可知，五天的漂流旅程需要花费880美元。
23. B。细节理解题。根据Overnight trips — low water only部分中的Instead of facing a tiring climb at the end of an amazing day ... privacy beside the river when everyone else has left可知，在Overnight trips的行程中，你可以享受到私人海滩带来的宁静与私密感。
B篇
??????? 主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
??? 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位滑雪者在乘坐缆车时意外倒挂在缆车下面，背包的带子勒着他的脖子，在这危急关头，他的朋友挺身而出，爬上缆车钢索将其解救下来。
24. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now Richard’s body was four feet below the chairlift, his ski boots ten feet above the snow可知，Richard倒挂在缆车下面，背包带勒住了他的脖子使其将要窒息。
25. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的As luck would have it, he’s a professional slackliner. That helped him keep his balance, but he knew he couldn’t walk on the cable及第三段中的He climbed onto the chairlift cable, then used his hands to pull himself to Richard可知，幸好Wilson是一名专业的走软绳者，这可以帮助他在钢索上保持身体平衡，最终顺利爬到Richard身边。
26. D。推理判断题。根据文中的描述可知，当Richard处在生死关头、众人不知所措时，Wilson机智地爬上缆车钢索，勇敢地向自己的朋友爬去，并及时挽回Richard的性命。由此可知，Wilson既机智又勇敢。
27. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Wilson在他的朋友Richard处在生死关头时及时救了他，这让Richard非常感动。由此可见，患难见真情，只有经过共同的患难才能看出自己的真心朋友。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——文学
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国著名儿童诗歌创作者杰克·普鲁斯基的童年及他走上诗歌道路的过程。
28. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的When his fourth-grade teacher read poems in class, he thought they seemed boring ... “So I started to think of poetry as punishment.”可知，杰克·普鲁斯基在他的童年时期并不喜欢诗歌，他认为那很无聊。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第四、五段的内容可知，普鲁斯基擅长画虚拟的动物，并尝试在自己的速写作品中配上小诗，这一尝试打开了他创作诗歌的大门。
30. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，普鲁斯基的诗歌得到了儿童文学作品编辑的赏识，她认为他是一名天生的诗人，并鼓励他继续创作。
31. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But more than forty books later, he’s still making friends and fans laugh. From monsters to frogs, Prelutsky has turned silly into an art form可知，普鲁斯基的作品很有趣，他把滑稽变成了一种艺术形式。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——文学
本文是议论文。作者在文中讨论了幻想及幻想文学作品的作用。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的explore the role of fantasy in society及but the important question is why可知，作者的儿子向作者求助，问她人为什么需要幻想。
33. D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的they have to use make-believe to fill the space between experience and knowledge ... Fear, within a safe environment, is fun可知，由于孩子们知识储备不足，对于周围发生的事不能正确解读，所以会产生各种幻想。虽然他们有点自己吓唬自己，但这种幻想是安全的，可以让儿童适当地探索自己的认知与情感。
34. D。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的They provide a framework within which developing emotions can awaken, ready for “real life” when it hits可知，幻想帮助孩子们一步步做好面对现实的准备。
35. A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The child went away with the tools to reconcile the irreconcilable可知，这个故事很奏效。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——体育
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了第一位在奥运会单板滑雪项目获得奖牌的美国女性Shannon Dunn-Downing。
36. D。根据上文中的After skiing for so long, it felt awkward to stand sideways as she went down the mountain及下文中的Soon, she was snowboarding as often as possible with her brother, her best friend Betsy, and a group of boys可知，因为Shannon之前一直在练习双板滑雪，所以侧着身子进行单板滑雪让她感觉很不灵巧，但是她爱上了这项运动，并为自己购置了滑雪板，之后便经常同他人结伴滑雪。D项与上文构成转折关系，并承接下文。
37. E。根据上文中的Shannon signed her first professional contract with a company that made snowboards可知，Shannon与一个滑雪板制造商签订了专业的合同，这份合同使她可以得到去参加比赛的赞助。E项承接上文，符合此处语境。
38. A。根据上文中的Shannon’s success led to new opportunities — including the chance to help design one of the first women’s professional snowboards and have it named after her及下文中的At the time, snowboards and snowboard-related clothing for girls didn’t exist可知，Shannon的成功给她带来了新的机遇，让她可以有机会设计第一个专业的女子滑板，因为在当时还没有专业的女子滑板。A项承接上下文，符合此处语境。
39. F。根据上文中的The men in the company argued that the design was “too girlie” and that the snowboard wouldn’t sell及下文中的It became the highest-selling snowboard in the company’s line可知，Shannon设计的滑板刚开始并没有得到滑板公司男员工的认可，但在团队经理的帮助下，她最终说服公司采用了她的设计。而后这款滑板成为了该公司最畅销的产品。F项符合此处语境。
40. G。根据上文中的She was the first American woman to win an Olympic medal in snowboarding可知，G项中的becoming a pioneer与之呼应。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——学习
??? 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者移民美国后学习英语、努力融入新环境的故事。
41. B。42. D。根据本段中的Without good English skills可知，作者起初在美国度过了一段艰难的时光，因为他很难听“懂（understanding）”美国人在说什么，而且英语不好的他也“找（find）”不到他那个领域的工作。
43. B。根据下文中对作者努力学习英语的描述可知，作者现在的英语“好多了（better）”。
44. C。根据本段中的speaking English every day及下文中对作者的孩子跟他说英语的描述可知，作者习惯了每天和同事、邻居以及自己的“孩子（children）”说英语。
45. A。46. D。根据本段中的My children used to speak Ukrainian with me all the time及but now that they’re in school, they’re used to hearing and ... English all the time可知，作者的孩子们在他们刚“到（arrived）”美国时一直说的是乌克兰语，但是现在孩子们上了学，也习惯了一直听和“说（speaking）”英语。
47. B。根据本段中的from watching American TV可知，作者的孩子们也通过看电视“学习（learned）”英语。
48. C。根据本段中的They’re beginning to forget Ukrainian及When I ask them a question in Ukrainian可知，作者用乌克兰语问孩子们问题时，他们会用英语“回答（answer）”他。
49. A。50. D。根据本段中的but my parents don’t speak English可知，对于作者来说这并不是什么“问题（problem）”，但是作者的父母不说英语，他们无法适应和孙子之间保持这么“少的（little）”交流。
51. A。52. C。53. C。根据本段中的I used to be an engineer in Ukraine及I’m ready to find a job可知，作者在乌克兰时曾是一名工程师，但是在美国呆的两年间他一直做着出租车司机的“工作（working）”。作者在掌握了“足够的（enough）”英语后，准备找一份自己“领域（field）”的工作。
54. D。根据本段中的First, I’m not used to selling myself at a job interview及Second, in my country, I used to draw by hand可知，作者在找工作时还是发现有两个“很难的（difficult）”地方。
55. B。56. A。根据本段中的I’m not used to selling myself at a job interview可知，作者在对“陌生人（stranger）”说自己有多么优秀时感觉很“不舒服（uncomfortable）”。
57. C。根据本段中的my job counselor told me that I have to get used to it及that’s what Americans do可知，职业顾问告诉作者得习惯这么做，“因为（because）”美国人都这么做。
58. A。根据本段中的I’ve been taking courses in Computer-Aided Design可知，作者想通过学习“提高（improve）”自己的技能。
59. D。根据本段中的in my country, I used to draw by hand和In the US, everything is done by computer及they’re used to them and love them可知，作者的孩子们从小就使用“电脑（computers）”。
60. B。根据本段中的get used to so many new things, but little by little we’re doing it及上文中对作者通过努力学习以融入新环境的描述可知，要适应许多新鲜事物是“很难的（hard）”，但是作者一家人一点一点地做到了。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——文学
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国著名的小说家托马斯·哈代的生平。
61. generally。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰谓语，表示“通常”，故填generally。
62. education。考查名词。由前面的his formal可知，应填名词形式education，表示“教育”。
63. to get。考查不定式作状语的用法。哈代去往英国的目的是找工作，故填to get。
64. a。考查不定冠词。a small number of ...意为“少量的……”。
65. which / that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词novels，且在从句中作主语，故填which / that。
66. successful。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“成功的”，故填successful。
67. published。考查一般过去时。由前面的In 1898可知，设空处是对过去事实的描述，应用一般过去时，故填published。
68. written。考查动词-ed形式作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰poems，又因为write与poems之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且write所表示的动作已完成，故填written。
69. on / upon。考查介词。have a(n) ... effect on / upon ...表示“对……产生……的影响”。
70. (should) be placed。考查被动语态。he与place之间是被动关系，又由前面的insist可知，应填should be placed，should可以省略。
阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
White water action in Victoria Falls
In 1985, Shearwater was the first Zimbabwean company to run white-water rafting (激流漂流) trips in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. Since then, Shearwater has become known internationally for some of the best white water action on the planet. Today, 34 years later, Shearwater continues to be at the forefront (处于最前列) of white-water rafting on the Zambezi, offering one-day rafting trips (in both high- and low-water seasons), overnight trips, and multi-day wilderness adventures.
Splash and Dash — March and June
“Splash and Dash” describes a very high-water run operated at the beginning and end of the rafting season. Most of the really big rapids, for which the Zambezi is famous, have either been washed out or are considered too dangerous for rafting purposes. The hike (徒步旅行) out of the gorge remains difficult, so you need to be fit!
US $132
Multi-day rafting adventures — low water only
A chance for you to explore more of the Zambezi River past the Batoka Gorge Dam and on to the upper reaches of Lake Kariba. The days get lazier as the river widens through flat areas, and there is plenty of opportunity for you to fish, watch the wildlife and camp in the wilderness on the sandy beaches of the Zambezi.
Shearwater offers 2.5-day (US $550) and 5-day (US $880) multi-day rafting trips.
Overnight trips — low water only
Instead of facing a tiring climb at the end of an amazing day, take us up on our offer to camp overnight in the gorge on one of the beaches used only by Shearwater customers, and enjoy complete peace and privacy beside the river when everyone else has left. Tents are provided, although many people choose to sleep under the clear sky.
US $220 — Minimum (最少量) of 4 required.
21. What can we learn about Shearwater?
A. It was set up twenty years ago.
B. It leads the field in white-water rafting.??
C. It offers worldwide adventure activities.
D. It was the first company to run a tourism business.
22. How much should you pay if you take a 5-day rafting trip?
A. $132.??????
B. $220.???????
C. $550.???????
D. $880.
23. What is special about overnight trips?
A. They are quite dangerous.
B. They offer a private beach.???
C. They involve a long and tiring hike.
D. They are run in high-water seasons.
?
B
Mickey Wilson had been on the mountain for only a few seconds when he heard the shouting. Wilson, a 28-year-old ski (滑雪) lover, had just gotten off the chairlift at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area in Keystone, Colorado, along with his friends Billy Simmons and Hans Mueller. Their friend Richard had been on the chairlift ahead of them, but when the men reached the top of the chairlift, he had seemingly disappeared. The men walked toward the shouting and found skiers pointing to the chairlift. And then the friends shouted too.
When Richard had tried to jump off the chairlift, his backpack had become caught in the chairlift, which then pulled him back down the hill. In the process, the backpack strap (带子) ended up around his neck. Now Richard’s body was four feet below the chairlift, his ski boots ten feet above the snow. The chairlift operator had quickly stopped the chairlift, and the skiers ran toward the scene. They made a human pyramid (金字塔) to try to reach Richard, but Richard was too far off the ground. Then Wilson ran to a nearby chairlift tower. After he reached the top, Wilson’s first challenge was to somehow climb onto the two-inch steel cable (钢索) that held the chairlifts. As luck would have it, he’s a professional slackliner (走软绳者). That helped him keep his balance, but he knew he couldn’t walk on the cable. “I had ski boots on,” Wilson says.???
The solution: He climbed onto the chairlift cable, then used his hands to pull himself to Richard. Wilson’s greatest fear wasn’t that he’d fall, but that he wouldn’t reach his friend in time.
When he reached Richard’s chairlift, Wilson dropped down onto it. Now standing on the chairlift, he kicked down on the backpack, trying to use a knife to break the backpack strap. Richard fell down to the soft snow below and was then sent to the hospital at once.???
That night, Richard called Wilson from the hospital. Richard couldn’t say much, but he did thank his friend. “No problem, bro,” Wilson said. “I always wanted to climb one of those things.”
24. What happened to Richard at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area?
A. He ended up hanging from a ski lift.
B. He sat across the chairlift cable.
C. He was stuck in the chair.
D. He fell down the hill.
25. Which of the following helped Wilson save Richard’s life?
A. His ski boots.
B. The calm skiers.
C. A human pyramid.
D. His slackline skills.
26. Which words can best describe Wilson?
A. Kind and traditional.
B. Humorous and polite.
C. Serious and energetic.
D. Courageous and wise.
27. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. Well begun is half done.
B. He that climbs high falls heavily.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
?
C
When Jack Prelutsky was a kid in New York more than fifty years ago, he didn’t know he would grow up to write poetry for children.
Neither of his parents read poetry to him when he was little. When his fourth-grade teacher read poems in class, he thought they seemed boring. To nine-year-old Prelutsky, poetry seemed like serious business. And Prelutsky was anything but serious. “I wanted to hear poems about myself — about outer space and sports and music,” he says. “So I started to think of poetry as punishment.”
Prelutsky had always taken voice and piano lessons, but when he attended New York’s High School of Music and Art, his love for music grew deeper. “I liked the way songs said what they had to say — the simple, direct, ordinary language they employed. I really think that’s what made me see poetry in a new light.”
Then Prelutsky took a drawing class in his early twenties and found he wasn’t very good at life drawing. But he was good at drawing imaginary animals.
In six months, Prelutsky drew a lot of imaginary animals with strange characteristics. He loved each one, but felt something was missing. “Then one evening, I looked at them and said, ‘They need poems.’ I still don’t know why I thought of it, but within half an hour, I had all the poems written.”
Publishing the poems never crossed Prelutsky’s mind in those early days. But when friends fell in love with his poems, he agreed to share them with a children’s book editor (编辑).
“She didn’t think much of my illustrations (插图),” he says, “but she told me that I was a natural poet and encouraged me to keep writing.”
At the time, Prelutsky was surprised at the editor’s encouragement. But more than forty books later, he’s still making friends and fans laugh. From monsters to frogs, Prelutsky has turned silly into an art form.
28. What can we learn about Prelutsky when he was a kid?
A. He hated poetry. ?????
B. He took sports seriously. ??????????????
C. He found it hard to read poems.
D. He developed an interest in business.
29. How did drawing influence Prelutsky?
A. It drove him to love music.
B. It brought out his poetic skills. ????????????? ?
C. It raised his confidence in writing. ?
D. It helped him become a famous painter.
30. How did the editor feel about Prelutsky’s poems?
A. She gave them high praise.
B. She was surprised by them.?
C. She refused to publish them.
D. She showed no interest in them.
31. What is a characteristic of Prelutsky’s poems?
A. They are funny.
B. They are encouraging.
C. They are person-centered.?
D. They are family-friendly.
?
D
My son is doing an MA (Master of Arts) in music, so for his final project he decided to explore the role of fantasy in society. He emailed home for help. “Naturally we all love escapism,” he wrote, “but the important question is why? You’re a fantasy writer, Mum, got any ideas?”
This is what I came up with: Fantasy is important for the human mind. It begins as the psychological? process by which a child learns to fill the space between knowledge, reality and experience.
When we were small children, trying to get to sleep, a creaking (嘎吱响的) floorboard was really frightening. Who or what could be making the noise? The only way to make sense of the experience was to fantasize: there’s probably a tiger under the bed.
Children frighten themselves silly like this, but while they have no knowledge of central heating pipes swelling (管道膨胀), they have to use make-believe to fill the space between experience and knowledge. As time passes and children learn about the effect of heat on pipes and floorboards, they will often prefer the tiger story. Fear, within a safe environment, is fun.
As they grow, children need stories that include war, falling in love, becoming a hero and saving the world. They provide a framework (框架) within which developing emotions (情感) can awaken, ready for “real life” when it hits.
Louis Sachar’s Holes is a great modern explanation of this, but the best ones are those we make up for ourselves. A friend who is a child psychologist was treating a boy who’d been mistreated by a relative. The child loved this person, and was puzzled and hurt by what had happened, so my friend wrote him a story about a baby rabbit that loved his uncle, a wolf. One day, the wolf hurt him. The rabbit remembered the love, but he also understood that wolves were dangerous, and had to be avoided. The child went away with the tools to reconcile (和解) the irreconcilable.
Taking one step away from reality to that “safe” place of pretend prepares us to look the world’s hard realities in the face.
32. Which question puzzled the author’s son??
A. Do people love escapism?
B. Why is fantasy so important???????????
C. Is escapism good for people?
D. What is the purpose of fantasy music?
33. How can fantasies about creaking floorboards benefit children?
A. By helping them to get to sleep quickly.
B. By encouraging them to find out the truth.
C. By helping them to overcome fear on their own.
D. By allowing them to explore their feelings in a safe way.
34. Which of the following about fantasy would the author agree with????
A. It frees kids of concerns.
B. It makes people emotional.
C. It helps people spot danger.
D. It prepares kids for real life.
35. How did the child psychologist’s make-up story turn out?
A. It worked well.
B. It confused the child.?
C. It made the relative apologize.
D. It became more popular than Holes.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Shannon Dunn-Downing
In 1988, when Shannon Dunn-Downing was a teenager, a new sport came to her mountain town: snowboarding (单板滑雪)! Shannon’s brother Sean encouraged her to give the new sport a try. She fell a lot that first day. After skiing for so long, it felt awkward to stand sideways as she went down the mountain. ?36 ?Soon, she was snowboarding as often as possible with her brother, her best friend Betsy, and a group of boys.
Back then, Shannon didn’t know how popular snowboarding would become; she only knew she loved it. Yet just three years after strapping on a board for the first time, Shannon signed her first professional contract with a company that made snowboards. ?37 ?In 1991, she went to an international competition for the first time in the mountains of France, and she took third place!
Shannon’s success led to new opportunities — including the chance to help design one of the first women’s professional snowboards and have it named after her. ?38 ?At the time, snowboards and snowboard-related clothing for girls didn’t exist. Shannon drew the art for the snowboard herself, huge yellow sunflowers on a red background. The men in the company argued that the design was “too girlie” and that the snowboard wouldn’t sell. ?39 ?It became the highest-selling snowboard in the company’s line!
In 1998, snowboarding appeared at the Olympics, and Shannon took home a bronze medal (铜牌). She was the first American woman to win an Olympic medal in snowboarding! ?40 ?These days, Shannon no longer competes, but she still loves to snowboard!
A. This was a big opportunity.
B. The company faced a lot of challenges.
C. Shannon won a lot of international competitions.
D. But Shannon came to love the sport and bought a snowboard of her own.
E. The contract meant that the company would pay for her travel to competitions.
F. With the support of her team manager, Shannon persuaded the company to use her design.
G. Shannon had come a long way in a short time, from trying a new sport to becoming a pioneer.
?
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve been in the US for two years. I used to study British English, but I still had a hard time ?41 ?Americans at first. Without good English skills, I couldn’t ?42 ?a job in my field. Now my English is much ?43 . I’m used to speaking English every day in my job, with my neighbors, and even with my ?44 . My children used to speak Ukrainian with me all the time when we first ?45 , but now that they’re in school, they’re used to hearing and ?46 ?English all the time. They also ?47 ?English from watching American TV. They’re beginning to forget Ukrainian. When I ask them a question in Ukrainian, they ?48 ?me in English. It’s no ?49 ?for me, but my parents don’t speak English, and they can’t get used to having so ?50 ?communication with their grandchildren.
?????? I used to be an engineer in Ukraine. But for the past two years in the US, I’ve been ?51 ?as a taxi driver. Now that I know ?52 ?English, I’m ready to find a job in my ?53 . However, it’s been ?54 ?for two reasons. First, I’m not used to selling myself at a job interview. In fact, it’s ?55 ?for me to say how wonderful I am to a ?56 . But my job counselor (顾问) told me that I have to get used to it ?57 ?that’s what Americans do. Second, in my country, I used to draw by hand. In the US, everything is done by computer. I’m not used to using a computer. To ?58 ?my skills, I’ve been taking courses in Computer-Aided Design. My children, however, have grown up with ?59 , so they’re used to them and love them.
?????? It has been ?60 ?to get used to so many new things, but little by little we’re doing it.
41. A. teaching????????????? B. understanding C. helping ? ? ? ? ?D. believing
42. A. accept ? ? ? ? ? ?B. offer C. refuse ? ? ? ? ? D. find
43. A. simpler ? ? ? ? ? B. better?? C. clearer ? ? ? ? ? D. poorer
44. A. students ? ? ? ? ? B. customers? C. children???????????? D. parents
45. A. arrived???????? ?????? B. met???? C. entered????????????? D. discussed
46. A. writing???????? ?????? B. repeating C. translating? ??????????D. speaking
47. A. read ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. learned? C. used ? ? ? ? ?? D. changed
48. A. greet ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. join???? C. answer ? ? ? ? ??D. call
49. A. problem ? ? ? ? ? ?B. need C. reason??????? ?????? D. secret
50. A. direct ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. informal???? C. real ? ?? D. little
51. A. working ? ? ? ? ? ?B. acting C. visiting ? ? ? ? ?D. waiting
52. A. standard????????????? B. proper C. enough ? ? ? D. limited
53. A. tour ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. country C. field ? ? ? ? ? ?D. hometown
54. A. boring ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. interesting C. different ? ? ? ?D. difficult
55. A. common ? ? ? ? ? ??B. uncomfortable C. easy ? ? ? ? ? D. unfair
56. A. stranger ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. co-worker C. friend ? ? ? ??D. relative
57. A. when ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. unless C. because ? ? ? D. though
58. A. improve ? ? ? ? ? ? ??B. keep C. test ? ? ? ??D. share?
59. A. pictures ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. televisions C. movies ? ? ? ? D. computers
60. A. necessary ? ? ? ? ? ??B. hard C. encouraging? ? D. impossible
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thomas Hardy OM (2 June 1840-11 January 1928) is 61. ________ (general) thought to be one of the greatest figures in English literature.
Thomas Hardy was born at Upper Bockhampton near Dorchester, Dorset. His father was a stonemason (石匠). His mother was well-read and added to his formal 62. ________ (educate). Hardy trained as an architect in Dorchester before moving to London 63. ________ (get) a job. He won prizes from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Architectural Association.
Hardy wrote 64. ________ small number of novels 65. ________ earned him a high reputation in his lifetime, such as Tess of the D’Urbervilles and The Mayor of Casterbridge. His novel, Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) was 66. ________ (succeed) enough for Hardy to give up his architectural work and take up a full-time literary career.
In 1898, Hardy 67. ________ (publish) his first volume (册) of poetry, Wessex Poems, a collection of poems 68. ________ (write) over the previous 30 years. Hardy continued to publish collections until his death in 1928.
The sudden death of Hardy’s wife in 1912 had a disastrous effect 69. ________ him. He made a trip to Cornwall to revisit places connected with her and wrote a series, Poems of 1912-13, expressing his sorrow.
Hardy died in 1928. His funeral, on 16 January at Westminster Abbey, was a controversial (有争议的) occasion: his family and friends had wished him to be buried at Stinsford, but his executor (遗嘱执行人), Sir Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, had insisted he 70. ________ (place) in Poets’ Corner. Finally, Hardy’s heart was buried at Stinsford and his ashes were buried in the abbey.?
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第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The other day I decide to take a train to the beach with my friend Zhang Xin to relaxing. After getting the tickets, I asked for Zhang Xin to stay where he was but went to buy some bottled water. However, when I went back, I couldn’t find them anywhere. When I spotted Zhang Xin and realized what he was doing, I immediate took a picture of him. He was taking the time to help an old man, who were struggling with his walking stick, go up the stair. Later, I put the picture on Internet and described what he had done, that received many likes.?
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的英国好友Nina发来邮件，提到了她对未来生活的憧憬。请你用英语给她回一封邮件，与她分享你对未来食物的看法。
注意：词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）。
Dear Nina,
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? Yours,
???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? Li Hua?????
?
新高考 概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We are bombarded (轰炸) by many advertisements every day. Sellers try all means and ways to gain our attention and sell us their products or services. Advertisements appear everywhere. We can see them on television, in the newspapers, in magazines and so on.
Advertisements are very useful though we sometimes feel angry when they interrupt our favorite television programs. They provide us with free information on products and services. This information is especially useful if a product or service is new. For example, when we need to buy a computer, advertisements describing the latest models and their different functions could be very helpful. Besides, our newspapers are sold at a low price of about one dollar, thanks to the advertisements in the papers, or the price would have to be higher.
While advertisements can be good helpers for shopping, they do have their weaknesses. Most advertisements aim to sell only. Weaknesses of the products or services are usually hidden from the buyers. Therefore, sometimes, we feel cheated if the products or services we buy don’t turn out the way they are advertised to be. Sometimes, advertisements by competitors can get very intensive (密集的), especially when there are many firms producing similar products, and we find it hard to decide which to buy. What’s more, having more advertisements means that the production costs of the firm are increased. These rises in cost are usually passed on to the buyers in the form of higher prices.
In conclusion, though I do?advocate?(支持) advertisements, I do not deny (否认) their weaknesses. So I would say that although we cannot live without advertisements, we must be careful how we live with them.???
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
21-25 BDBAD ? ? ? ? 26-30 DCABA
31-35 ABDDA ? ? ? ? 36-40 DEAFG ??????
41-45 BDBCA 46-50 DBCAD??????
51-55 ACCDB ? ? ? ? ?56-60 ACADB
61. generally?? ?????? 62. education ? ? ? ? 63. to get??
64. a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??65. which / that ? ? ? 66. successful??
67. published ? ? ? ? ?68. written ? ? ? ? ? ? 69. on / upon??
70. (should) be placed???
短文改错
71. ... I decide to ... ??????????? ???? ?? decide → decided
72. ... to relaxing.????????? ????????????? relaxing → relax
73. ... I asked for ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?去掉for
74. ... but went to ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?but → and
75. ... couldn’t find them ... ? ? ? ? ? them → him
76. ... I immediate took ... ? ? ? ? ? ?immediate → immediately
77. ... who were struggling ... ??? ? were → was
78. ... the stair. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??stair → stairs?
79. ... on Internet ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Internet前加the
80. ... that received ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?that → which
书面表达
One possible version:
Dear Nina,
I’d like to share my ideas about food in the future with you.
First, food in the future will be kept in a small capsule, so it will be convenient to carry. And when you open the capsule, it will become the size of normal food with appealing shapes. Besides, it will be very delicious as a result of its special design which will allow you to change it to suit your personal taste. Last, it will be good for your health because it will detect the nutrients you lack and supply you with them.
I believe such food will make our life much better.?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Yours,?
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Li Hua
新高考 概要写作
One possible version：
It’s not uncommon to see advertisements in our life. (要点1) Besides being informative, advertisements help lower the price of newspapers. (要点2) However, advertisements may cover up the weaknesses of products; buyers may get confused when there’re too many advertisements. Moreover, advertisements raise production costs, which in turn increase the price of products. (要点3) Therefore, be careful when making buying decisions based on them. (要点4)
?
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章介绍了Shearwater公司提供的激流漂流等水上项目。
21. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Since then, Shearwater has become known internationally for some of the best white water action ... white-water rafting on the Zambezi可知，Shearwater公司是激流漂流领域的佼佼者。
22. D。细节理解题。根据Multi-day rafting adventures — low water only部分中的Shearwater offers 2.5-day (US $550) and 5-day (US $880) multi-day rafting trips可知，五天的漂流旅程需要花费880美元。
23. B。细节理解题。根据Overnight trips — low water only部分中的Instead of facing a tiring climb at the end of an amazing day ... privacy beside the river when everyone else has left可知，在Overnight trips的行程中，你可以享受到私人海滩带来的宁静与私密感。
B篇
??????? 主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
??? 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位滑雪者在乘坐缆车时意外倒挂在缆车下面，背包的带子勒着他的脖子，在这危急关头，他的朋友挺身而出，爬上缆车钢索将其解救下来。
24. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now Richard’s body was four feet below the chairlift, his ski boots ten feet above the snow可知，Richard倒挂在缆车下面，背包带勒住了他的脖子使其将要窒息。
25. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的As luck would have it, he’s a professional slackliner. That helped him keep his balance, but he knew he couldn’t walk on the cable及第三段中的He climbed onto the chairlift cable, then used his hands to pull himself to Richard可知，幸好Wilson是一名专业的走软绳者，这可以帮助他在钢索上保持身体平衡，最终顺利爬到Richard身边。
26. D。推理判断题。根据文中的描述可知，当Richard处在生死关头、众人不知所措时，Wilson机智地爬上缆车钢索，勇敢地向自己的朋友爬去，并及时挽回Richard的性命。由此可知，Wilson既机智又勇敢。
27. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Wilson在他的朋友Richard处在生死关头时及时救了他，这让Richard非常感动。由此可见，患难见真情，只有经过共同的患难才能看出自己的真心朋友。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——文学
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了美国著名儿童诗歌创作者杰克·普鲁斯基的童年及他走上诗歌道路的过程。
28. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的When his fourth-grade teacher read poems in class, he thought they seemed boring ... “So I started to think of poetry as punishment.”可知，杰克·普鲁斯基在他的童年时期并不喜欢诗歌，他认为那很无聊。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第四、五段的内容可知，普鲁斯基擅长画虚拟的动物，并尝试在自己的速写作品中配上小诗，这一尝试打开了他创作诗歌的大门。
30. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，普鲁斯基的诗歌得到了儿童文学作品编辑的赏识，她认为他是一名天生的诗人，并鼓励他继续创作。
31. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But more than forty books later, he’s still making friends and fans laugh. From monsters to frogs, Prelutsky has turned silly into an art form可知，普鲁斯基的作品很有趣，他把滑稽变成了一种艺术形式。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——文学
本文是议论文。作者在文中讨论了幻想及幻想文学作品的作用。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的explore the role of fantasy in society及but the important question is why可知，作者的儿子向作者求助，问她人为什么需要幻想。
33. D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的they have to use make-believe to fill the space between experience and knowledge ... Fear, within a safe environment, is fun可知，由于孩子们知识储备不足，对于周围发生的事不能正确解读，所以会产生各种幻想。虽然他们有点自己吓唬自己，但这种幻想是安全的，可以让儿童适当地探索自己的认知与情感。
34. D。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的They provide a framework within which developing emotions can awaken, ready for “real life” when it hits可知，幻想帮助孩子们一步步做好面对现实的准备。
35. A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The child went away with the tools to reconcile the irreconcilable可知，这个故事很奏效。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——体育
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了第一位在奥运会单板滑雪项目获得奖牌的美国女性Shannon Dunn-Downing。
36. D。根据上文中的After skiing for so long, it felt awkward to stand sideways as she went down the mountain及下文中的Soon, she was snowboarding as often as possible with her brother, her best friend Betsy, and a group of boys可知，因为Shannon之前一直在练习双板滑雪，所以侧着身子进行单板滑雪让她感觉很不灵巧，但是她爱上了这项运动，并为自己购置了滑雪板，之后便经常同他人结伴滑雪。D项与上文构成转折关系，并承接下文。
37. E。根据上文中的Shannon signed her first professional contract with a company that made snowboards可知，Shannon与一个滑雪板制造商签订了专业的合同，这份合同使她可以得到去参加比赛的赞助。E项承接上文，符合此处语境。
38. A。根据上文中的Shannon’s success led to new opportunities — including the chance to help design one of the first women’s professional snowboards and have it named after her及下文中的At the time, snowboards and snowboard-related clothing for girls didn’t exist可知，Shannon的成功给她带来了新的机遇，让她可以有机会设计第一个专业的女子滑板，因为在当时还没有专业的女子滑板。A项承接上下文，符合此处语境。
39. F。根据上文中的The men in the company argued that the design was “too girlie” and that the snowboard wouldn’t sell及下文中的It became the highest-selling snowboard in the company’s line可知，Shannon设计的滑板刚开始并没有得到滑板公司男员工的认可，但在团队经理的帮助下，她最终说服公司采用了她的设计。而后这款滑板成为了该公司最畅销的产品。F项符合此处语境。
40. G。根据上文中的She was the first American woman to win an Olympic medal in snowboarding可知，G项中的becoming a pioneer与之呼应。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——学习
??? 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者移民美国后学习英语、努力融入新环境的故事。
41. B。42. D。根据本段中的Without good English skills可知，作者起初在美国度过了一段艰难的时光，因为他很难听“懂（understanding）”美国人在说什么，而且英语不好的他也“找（find）”不到他那个领域的工作。
43. B。根据下文中对作者努力学习英语的描述可知，作者现在的英语“好多了（better）”。
44. C。根据本段中的speaking English every day及下文中对作者的孩子跟他说英语的描述可知，作者习惯了每天和同事、邻居以及自己的“孩子（children）”说英语。
45. A。46. D。根据本段中的My children used to speak Ukrainian with me all the time及but now that they’re in school, they’re used to hearing and ... English all the time可知，作者的孩子们在他们刚“到（arrived）”美国时一直说的是乌克兰语，但是现在孩子们上了学，也习惯了一直听和“说（speaking）”英语。
47. B。根据本段中的from watching American TV可知，作者的孩子们也通过看电视“学习（learned）”英语。
48. C。根据本段中的They’re beginning to forget Ukrainian及When I ask them a question in Ukrainian可知，作者用乌克兰语问孩子们问题时，他们会用英语“回答（answer）”他。
49. A。50. D。根据本段中的but my parents don’t speak English可知，对于作者来说这并不是什么“问题（problem）”，但是作者的父母不说英语，他们无法适应和孙子之间保持这么“少的（little）”交流。
51. A。52. C。53. C。根据本段中的I used to be an engineer in Ukraine及I’m ready to find a job可知，作者在乌克兰时曾是一名工程师，但是在美国呆的两年间他一直做着出租车司机的“工作（working）”。作者在掌握了“足够的（enough）”英语后，准备找一份自己“领域（field）”的工作。
54. D。根据本段中的First, I’m not used to selling myself at a job interview及Second, in my country, I used to draw by hand可知，作者在找工作时还是发现有两个“很难的（difficult）”地方。
55. B。56. A。根据本段中的I’m not used to selling myself at a job interview可知，作者在对“陌生人（stranger）”说自己有多么优秀时感觉很“不舒服（uncomfortable）”。
57. C。根据本段中的my job counselor told me that I have to get used to it及that’s what Americans do可知，职业顾问告诉作者得习惯这么做，“因为（because）”美国人都这么做。
58. A。根据本段中的I’ve been taking courses in Computer-Aided Design可知，作者想通过学习“提高（improve）”自己的技能。
59. D。根据本段中的in my country, I used to draw by hand和In the US, everything is done by computer及they’re used to them and love them可知，作者的孩子们从小就使用“电脑（computers）”。
60. B。根据本段中的get used to so many new things, but little by little we’re doing it及上文中对作者通过努力学习以融入新环境的描述可知，要适应许多新鲜事物是“很难的（hard）”，但是作者一家人一点一点地做到了。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——文学
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国著名的小说家托马斯·哈代的生平。
61. generally。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰谓语，表示“通常”，故填generally。
62. education。考查名词。由前面的his formal可知，应填名词形式education，表示“教育”。
63. to get。考查不定式作状语的用法。哈代去往英国的目的是找工作，故填to get。
64. a。考查不定冠词。a small number of ...意为“少量的……”。
65. which / that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词novels，且在从句中作主语，故填which / that。
66. successful。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“成功的”，故填successful。
67. published。考查一般过去时。由前面的In 1898可知，设空处是对过去事实的描述，应用一般过去时，故填published。
68. written。考查动词-ed形式作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰poems，又因为write与poems之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且write所表示的动作已完成，故填written。
69. on / upon。考查介词。have a(n) ... effect on / upon ...表示“对……产生……的影响”。
70. (should) be placed。考查被动语态。he与place之间是被动关系，又由前面的insist可知，应填should be placed，should可以省略。