中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
Unit2重点单词词组复习
+
时态与语态重难点梳理
)
（一）
Unit
2重点单词词组复习
单词/词组
词义词性
派生转化
词组搭配
备注
qualify
v．使合格；使胜任
qualified
adj.
合格的；胜任的
qualification
n．
资格；合格证书
be
qualified
for／as胜任
discipline
n.
纪律；学科；训练
self-discipline
n.
自律能力
recommend
v．推荐
recommendation
n．
推荐
enroll
v．注册：人学；报名参加
enrollment
n．
注册：人学
independent
adj．独立的；不依靠的
be
independent
of
独立于…；不依靠…
solution
n．解决办法
solve
v．解决
名词后用介词to
describe
v．描述；描绘
description
n．描绘；描述
be
described
as被称为……
adapt
v．适应；改编
adaption
n．适应
adapt(…)
to
使…·适应
【比较】adopt
v．采纳；收养
achieve
v．取得，获得
achievement
n，成就
sense
of
achievement
sense
of
satisfaction
as
a
result
of
由于；因为
be
willing
to
do
愿意做
be
forced
to
do
被迫做某事
（二）时态与语态重难点梳理
动词时态
一般时态
一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：
(1)一般情况直接加?s，
(2)结尾为?s，?x，?sh，?ch或?o，在词尾加?es
discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches
fix—fixes go—goes
(3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”
变y为i再加?es
carry—carries study—studies
2．一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every
time，now
and
then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every
day/night等连用。
He
often
goes
to
work
by
bus，and
he
takes
a
walk
with
his
wife
after
dinner
every
day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。
Look
at
the
timetable.Hurry
up!
Flight
4026
takes
off
at
18：20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。
If
it
is
fine
tomorrow，we
will
go
there.
要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。
一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录
(1)一般情况在动词后加?ed
(2)以?e结尾的动词后加?d
hope—hoped like—liked
(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加?ed
study—studied try—tried
(4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加?ed
stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted
permit—permitted
2．一般过去时的用法
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom
等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the
other
day，last
week，the
day
before
yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
In
1931，Addams
became
the
first
American
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。
2．一般将来时的用法
表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next
year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
—What
time
is
it?
几点了？
—I
have
no
idea.But
just
a
minute，I
will
check
it
for
you.
我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法
(1)“be
going
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look，dark
clouds
are
gathering.It
is
going
to
rain
soon，I
think.
瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
Whether
in
the
home
or
the
workplace，social
robots
are
going
to
become
a
lot
more
common
in
the
next
few
years.
无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。
(2)“be
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
You
are
to
hand
in
your
papers
by
10
o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
(3)“be
about
to＋动词原形”表示正或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体将来时间状语连用。
Tom
was
about
to
close
the
windows
when
his
attention
was
caught
by
a
bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
易错警示
如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时(would/should＋动词原形)。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。
I
telephoned
him
yesterday
to
ask
what
I
would/should
do
next
week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。
进行时态
现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
—I
hear
you
are
working
in
a
pub.What's
it
like?
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well，it's
very
hard
work
and
I'm
always
tired，but
I
don't
mind.
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run
out等动词。
Food
supplies
in
the
flood?stricken
area
are
running
out.We
must
act
immediately
before
there's
none
left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at
that
time，at
that
moment，at
this
time
yesterday，at
ten
o'clock
yesterday等连用。
He
must
have
sensed
that
I
was
looking
at
him.He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly，“Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that？”
他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”
(2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Jack
was
working
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at
this
time
tomorrow，by
then，from
1：30
to
4：30
tomorrow等。
Jane
can't
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon
because
she
will
be
teaching
a
class
at
that
time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
完成时态
现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in
the
last(past)
few
days/years，up
to
now，till
now，so
far等。
He
has
already
received
three
similar
invitations
this
week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
In
the
past
few
years
thousands
of
films
have
been
produced
all
over
the
world.
在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点；
for＋时间段等。
—I
remember
you
were
a
talented
pianist
at
college.Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry，I
haven't
played
the
piano
for
years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
Will
you
come
to
my
office
when
you
have
finished
your
work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
When
walking
down
the
street，I
came
across
David，whom
I
hadn't
seen
for
years.
沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by
then，by
that
time，by
the
end
of，by
the
time＋从句等。
By
then
he
had
learned
English
for
3
years.
到那时，他已学了3年英语了。
Until
then
he
had
known
nothing
about
it
yet.
到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I
had
intended
to
call
on
you
yesterday，but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It
/That
is
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.has/have
done；
This/It
/That
was
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.had
done
这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It(This)is/was
the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.did；
It
was/
had
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.had
done
sth.自从……以来多久了。
(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../
no
sooner...than...(
一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Hardly/No
sooner
had
I
got
home
when/than
the
rain
poured
down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
我们有10年没那么高兴过了。
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时的构成
考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has
been＋现在分词。
2.现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all
this
morning，this
month，these
few
days，since和for引导状语从句等。
—Excuse
me，which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？
—The
new
Star
Wars.We
have
been
waiting
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。
(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
will
be
rewarded
with
success
in
the
end.
学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。
动词语态
Not
only
can
a
beautiful
smile
make
ourselves
happy，but
also
it
enables
others
to
feel
delighted.
一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
1、被动语态的构成形式
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
形式
时间
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
am/
is/
are
done
am/
is/are
being
done
have/has
been
done
过去
was/were
done
was/were
being
done
had
been
done
将来
shall/will
be
done
shall/will
have been
done
被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。
It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
will
be
built
on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
In
my
hometown，there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat
has
been
cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With
many
forests
being
destroyed，huge
quantities
of
good
earth
are
being
washed
away
each
year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
易错警示
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong
to属于；take
part
in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take
place/occur发生；remain剩下；break
out爆发；last持续；come
out出版；come
up被提出；lose
heart失去信心；date
from/back
to追溯到；run
out用完。
2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get
paid/lost/hurt等
While
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
get
promoted，Henry
did
his
best
to
perform
his
duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We
get
paid
by
the
week.
我们按周获得薪酬。
3、主动形式表示被动意义
（1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
house
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired.
这房子需要修理。
（2）．be
to
rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who
is
to
blame
for
the
mistake?
谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The
house
is
to
let.
此房出租。
（3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This
kind
of
wool
shirt
feels
soft
and
sells
well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
（4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have
you
bought
the
book
that
sells
well
these
days?
I
think
it
is
suitable
for
us
teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
（三）高考高频词汇精选（C字母）
calculate
calendar
candidate
clarify
ceremony
conservation
certificate
chapter
combine
conquer
casual
classify
commercial
companion
conduct
conflict
convey
content
crash
crew
confirm
confess
catalog(ue)
critical
canteen
campaign
curriculum
cruise
claim
cease
costume
coincidence
collapse
compliment
compulsory
category
contemporary
cargo
capacity
cultivate
单句语法填空（时态与语态）
1．Nowadays,
cycling
along
with
jogging
and
swimming，_______(regard)as
one
of
the
best
all?round
forms
of
exercise.
2．While
online
shopping
_________(change)
our
life，not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
3．Christmas
is
the
most
important
festival
in
the
western
world.It
______
(fall)
on
December
25.
4．They
had
to
wait
and
_______
(hope)that
someone
would
come
and
help
them.
5．Nowadays,
cell
phones
have
features
such
as
games，music
and
calendars
and
more
new
functions
_________
(add)．
6．If
we_________
(book)
a
table
earlier，we
wouldn't
be
standing
here
in
a
queue.
7．Due
to
the
hard
training
they________
(do)
before，their
performances
were
very
impressive.
8．Jack
has
never
been
to
China，but
he
talks
about
it
as
if
he__________
(be)
there
many
times.
9．More
expressways
__________
(build)
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
10．Sooner
or
later
those
dishonest
people
__________
(pay)
a
price
for
their
acts;
on
the
contrary，when
we
are
honest，we
are
truly
free.
参考答案：
is
regarded
2.
has
changed
3.falls
4.
hoped
5.
are
being
added
6.
had
booked
7.
had
done
8.
had
been
9.
will
be
built
10.
will
pay
语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)
Welcome
to
our
school.I'd
like
to
introduce
you
to
plans
for
our
school.A
lot
of
work
1
(do)
in
the
past
few
years.The
library
2
(complete)
and
is
ready
for
use.But
we
still
have
to
do
more
work.A
new
biology
lab
3
(build)this
year.But
we
don't
have
enough
money
for
the
equipment.Students
in
all
grades
4
(collect)
money.The
money
which
is
collected
5
(spend)
on
new
equipment.At
present，a
plan
6
(make)
for
a
party
at
the
end
of
the
term，at
which
wonderful
performances
7
(put)on.
The
gardens
of
the
school
8
(improve)
this
year.New
trees
9
(plant)
which
will
soon
give
shade
in
summer.The
whole
school
10
(paint)
during
the
summer
holidays.In
fact，our
school
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
参考答案：
has
been
done 2.has
been
completed 3.is
being
built 4.are
collecting 5.will
be
spent
is
being
made7.will
be
put 8.are
being
improved 9.are
being
planted
10.is
going
to
be
painted
高考核心词汇练习
1.
In
order
to
guarantee
the
people’s
health
and
reduce
smoking,
the
government
is
starting
an
anti-smoking
advertising
__________.
A.
campaign
B.
capsule
C.capture
D.
cartoon
2.
You
mustn’t
carry
too
much
________
on
you
to
the
crowded
public
places.
You
can
use
your
bankcard
for
buying
things.
A.
cheque
B.
charge
C.costume
D.
cash
3.
Your
fluency
in
the
English
language
gives
you
an
advantage
over
the
other
____
for
the
job.
A.
captain
B.
carpenter
C.
carrier
D.
candidates
4.
You
can
look
for
the
book
in
the
library
_________.
A.
conservation
B.
cancer
C.
channel
D.
catalogue
5.
The
recent
research
shows
heavy
coffee
drinking
and
heart
attack
are
not
necessarily
___
and
effect．
A．cell
B．case
C．capacity
D．cause
6.
Nowadays
people
have
to
pass
various
tests
for
professional
________
so
that
they
can
be
qualified
for
a
well-paying
job.
A.
cruisse
B.
cassettes
C.
certificates
D.
categories
7.
Anyone
who
wants
to
be
successful
mustn’t
give
up
in
any
___________,
and
should
always
be
full
of
confidence.
A.
contribution
B.
circumstances
C.
competition
D.
challenges
8.
It
can’t
be
a(n)
__________that
four
jewelry
stores
were
robbed
in
one
night.
A.
coincidence
B.
accident
C.
incident
D.
chance
9.
He
finished
a
difficult
task
on
his
own
shortly
after
he
entered
the
company,
so
his
________
looked
at
him
with
new
eyes.
A.
clerks
B.
civilians
C.
citizens
D.
colleagues
10.
John
was
dismissed
last
week
because
of
his
__________
attitude
towards
his
job.
A.
competitive
B.
casual
C.
classical
D.
comprehensive
11.
I
think
it's
high
time
you
made
up
your
mind
to
choose
a(n)
________.
A.
ambition
B.caution
C.crisis
D.
career
12.
Jack
has
been
admitted
to
Harvard
University.
His
family
will
have
a
_______
tonight.
A.
anniversary
B.
celebration
C.
ceremony
D.
congratulation
13.
Through
which
______
did
you
get
the
information?
A.
canal
B.
channel
C.
condition
D.
circumstance
14.
The
twins
look
alike
but
they
are
different
in
_________.
A.
characteristic
B.
appearance
C.
character
D.
nature
15.
Math
is
a
_______
subject
for
both
arts
and
science
students.
A.
compulsory
B.
contemporary
C.
concrete
D.
considerate
参考答案：
1~5
ADDDD．6~10
CBADB.
11~15
DBBCA
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
Phyllis
Rawlins’
house
was
destroyed
after
a
tornado
(25)
_____
______
she
lost
her
husband
,
Edgar,
swept
through
her
town
of
Kokomo.
Last
summer
in
the
tornado’s
rubbles,
Rawlins
searched
for
Edgar’s
wedding
ring.
“Digging
and
praying.
Digging
and
praying,”
she
told
local
station
Fox
59.
“It
was
(26)____
to
me,
because
that’s
one
thing
that
I
had,”
she
said.
Rawlins
had
been
visiting
family
in
Kentucky
(27)____
the
storm
came
through.
She
returned
only
(28)_____
(
find)
her
home
had
completely
been
in
pieces.
“This
was
the
house
that
love
built,”
she
said.
Without
her
husband
or
her
house,
she
was
determined
to
find
the
ring.
But
(29)_____
(locate)
it
among
the
piles
of
rubbles
seemed
to
be
hopeless.
Somehow,
her
brother
(30)_____
(spot)
something
under
a
piece
of
the
roof
and
called
her
over.
The
ring,
(31)_____
(bury)
in
the
rubbles,
had
turned
up.
“It
was
a
miracle,”
Rawlins
said.
“We
both
just
hugged
each
other,
(32)____
(cry).
That
was
(33)_____I
had
searched
and
searched
for,”
When
all
was
lost,
the
special
ring
he
left
was
finally
found.
“I’m
very
strong
(34)_____
my
faith,
and
I
know
that
God
is
in
control
of
everything,
the
good
and
the
bad,”
Rawlins
said.
in
which
26.
everything
27.
when
28.
to
find
29.
locating
30.
spotted
31.
buried
32.
crying
33.
what
34.
with
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
consideration??
?B.
originally???
C.?involvement?
D.
finalized
??
?E.
sponsored
F.?influence?????
G.
balanced???
?H.
represent????
?I.
proceed????
J.
included
k.
considerably
The
Man
Booker
Prize
for
Fiction
is
awarded
every
year
for
a
novel
written
by
a
writer
from
the
Commonwealth
or
the
Republic
of
Ireland
and
it
aims
to
___(41)___
the
very
best
in
contemporary
fiction.
The
prize
was
___(42)___
called
the
Booker-McConnell
Prize,
which
was
the
name
of
the
company
that
___(43)___
it,
though
it
was
better-known
as
simply
the
‘Booker
Prize’.
In
2002,
the
Man
Group
became
the
sponsor
and
they
chose
the
new
name,
keeping
‘Booker’.
Publishers
can?submit
books
for
___(44)___
for
the
prize,
but
the
judges
can
also
ask
for
books
to
be
submitted
they
think
should
be
___(45)___.
Firstly,
the
Advisory
Committee
give
advice
if
there
have
been
any
changes
to
the
rules
for
the
prize
and
selects
the
people
who
will
judge
the
books.
The?judging
panel（评审团）changes
every
year
and
usually
a
person
is
only
a
judge
once.
Great
efforts
are
made
to
ensure
that
the
judging
panel
is
___(46)___
in
terms
of
gender
and
professions,
so
that
a
writer,
a
critic,
an
editor
and
an
academic
are
chosen
along
with
a
well-known
person
from
wider
society.
However,
when
the
panel
of
judges
has
been
___(47)___,
they
are
left
to
make
their
own
decisions
without
any
further
___(48)___
or
interference
from
the
prize
sponsor.
The
Man
Booker
judges
include
critics,
writers
and
academics
to
maintain
the?consistent（始终如一的）quality
of
the
prize
and
its
___(49)___
is
such
that
the
winner
will
almost
certainly
see
the
sales
increase
___(50)___,
in
addition
to
the
?50,000
that
comes
with
the
prize.
41.
H??
42.
B??
43.
E??
44.
A
?45.
J??
46.
G????47.
D??????48.
C
?????49.
F
50.
k
Section
C
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1、各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add
to)
_____________________________________________________________________
2、这些旧照片总使我回想起我们一起度过的艰难岁月（remind）
______________________________________________________________________
3、尽管价格不菲，这家公司还是坚持每年给员工体检。（Despite）
______________________________________________________________________
4、无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。(No
matter…)
______________________________________________________________________
5、我们应该竭力去实现自己的梦想而不是听命于命运的摆布。（mercy）
_____________________________________________________________________
Translation（only
for
reference）
1.
Colorful
umbrellas
add
to
a
lively
atmosphere
in
the
summer
streets.
2.
These
old
photos
never
fail
to
remind
me
of
the
hard/difficult
years
we
spent
together.
3.
Despite
the
high
cost,
the
company
insists
on
its
staff
undergoing/receiving/having
medical/health/physical
checks
every
year.
4.
No
matter
how
hard
the
rain
falls
and
the
wind
blows,
the
police
keep
to
their
posts.
5.
We
should
spare
no
effort/try
our
best
to
realize/achieve
our
dream/ideal
instead
of
leaving
ourselves
to/being
at
the
mercy
of
the
fate/
rather
than
leave
ourselves
to/be
at
the
mercy
of
the
fate.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
In
today's
American
society,
background
checks
have
become
a
routine
part
of
hiring
process.
Employers
use
them
to
__51__
potential
workers,
judging
whether
they
are
qualified
for
the
posts.
Through
background
checks,
employers
can
also
make
sure
that
the
information
applicants
provide
is
truthful,
which
__52__
the
applicants'
moral
quality.
Then
what
do
background
checks
investigate?
Many
include
a
review
of
the
employee's
employment
history
trying
to
confirm
whether
the
employee
has
ever
been
fired
or
forced
to
__53__.
Employers
also
pay
attention
to
the
length
of
unemployment,
afraid
that
long-time
__54__
from
work
may
bring
negative
influence
to
the
employee's
performance.
Sometimes,
an
applicant's
residential
history
is
also
an
issue.
Jobs
with
state
or
local
governments
often
require
that
the
employee
live
in
certain
areas,
reducing
the
chances
for
them
to
have
contact
with
__55__
people.
Besides,
living
near
the
work
place
is
always
welcome
as
it
saves
time
and
fares
on
__56__.
Another
item
which
can't
be
neglected
is
the
applicant's
criminal
history
---
whether
he
has
ever
been
arrested
or
put
into
prison.
Although
__57__
like
traffic
ticketing
or
queue
jumping
are
usually
pardoned,
breaking
a
criminal
law
is
rarely
__58__
and,
in
most
cases,
is
sure
to
result
in
the
ending
of
the
employment.
Then
comes
the
social
history.
A
background
check
that
involves
the
applicant's
social
history
is
__59__
needed
for
government
posts
or
employment
in
finance
and
law
industries
that
require
greater
self
__60__.
A
small
mistake
in
these
posts
may
result
in
huge
loss.
The
investigation
usually
checks
drug
use,
family
relationships
and
social
contacts,
in
order
to
__61__
hiring
someone
unsuitable
for
the
posts.
Background
investigators
who
__62__
social
history
may
interview
neighbors
and
professional
references
__63__
by
the
applicant.
Finally
in
the
field
of
education
background,
an
application
form
may
ask
for
copies
of
licenses
or
university
diplomas
to
show
the
applicant's
__64__
performances.
In
many
instances,
an
education
background
check
is
so
__65__
about
details
that
investigators
even
confirm
the
date
on
which
the
employee
earned
his
degree
to
determine
if
it
agrees
with
the
information
the
employee
provided
on
his
application.
51.
A.
qualify
B.
assess
C.
treat
D.
reward
52.
A.
practises
B.
supplies
C.
destroys
D.
suggests
53.
A.
cheat
B.
apply
C.
resign
D.
complain
54.
A.
absence
B
review
C.
independence
D.
silence
55.
A.
bad-tempered
B.
ill-intentioned
C.
cold-blooded
D.
old-fashioned
56.
A.
housing
B.
facilities
C.
communication
D.
transportation
57.
A.
minor
offences
B.
serious
faults
C.
personal
experiences
D.
public
inconveniences
58.
A.
bothered
B.
spared
C.
paid
D.
informed
59.
A.
temporarily
B.
generally
C.
fortunately
D.
gradually
60.
A.
satisfaction
B.
confidence
C.
discipline
D.
awareness
61.
A.
explain
B.
discuss
C.
permit
D.
avoid
62.
A.
give
away
B.
focus
on
C.
look
into
D.
put
through
63.
A.
recognized
B.
examined
C.
ordered
D.
compared
64
A.
financial
B.
academic
C.
religious
D.
official
65.
A.
careless
B.
curious
C.
realistic
D.
particular
51?55
BDCAB
56?60
DABBC
61?65
DCABD
Section
B
Researchers
in
the
psychology
department
at
the
University
of
California
at
Los
Angeles
(UCLA)
have
discovered
a
major
difference
in
the
way
men
and
women
respond
to
stress.
This
difference
may
explain
why
men
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
stress-related
disorders.
Until
now,
psychological
research
has
maintained
that
both
men
and
women
have
the
same
"fight-or-flight"
reaction
to
stress.
In
other
words,
individuals
either
react
with
aggressive
behavior,
such
as
verbal
or
physical
conflict
("fight"),
or
they
react
by
withdrawing
from
the
stressful
situation
("flight").
However,
the
UCLA
research
team
found
that
men
and
women
have
quite
different
biological
and
behavioral
responses
to
stress.
While
men
often
react
to
stress
in
the
fight-or-flight
response,
women
often
have
another
kind
of
reaction
which
could
be
called
"tend
and
befriend."
That
is,
they
often
react
to
stressful
conditions
by
protecting
and
nurturing
their
young
("tend"),
and
by
looking
for
social
contact
and
support
from
others
-
especially
other
females
('befriend").
Scientists
have
long
known
that
in
the
fight-or-
flight
reaction
to
stress,
an
important
role
is
played
by
certain
hormones(激素)
released
by
the
body.
The
UCLA
research
team
suggests
that
the
female
tend-or-befriend
response
is
also
based
on
a
hormone.
This
hormone,
called
oxytocin,
has
been
studied
in
the
context
of
childbirth,
but
now
it
is
being
studied
for
its
role
in
the
response
of
both
men
and
women
to
stress.
The
principal
investigator,
Dr.
Shelley
E.
Taylor,
explained
that
"animals
and
people
with
high
levels
of
oxytocin
are
calmer,
more
relaxed,
more
social,
and
less
anxious."
While
men
also
secrete（分泌）oxytocin,
its
effects
are
reduced
by
male
hormones.
In
terms
of
everyday
behavior,
the
UCLA
study
found
that
women
are
far.
more
likely
than
men
to
seek
social
contact
when
they
are
feeling
stressed.
They
may
phone
relatives
or
friends,
or
ask
directions
if
they
are
lost.
The
study
also
showed
how
fathers
and
mothers
responded
differently
when
they
came
home
to
their
family
after
a
stressful
day
at
work.
The
typical
father
wanted
to
be
left
alone
to
enjoy
some
peace
and
quiet.
For
a
typical
mother,
coping
with
a
bad
day
at
work
meant
focusing
her
attention
on
her
children
and
their
needs.
The
differences
in
responding
to
stress
may
explain
the
fact
that
women
have
lower
frequency
of
stress-related
disorders
such
as
high
blood
pressure
or
aggressive
behavior.
The
tend-and-befriend
regulatory(调节的)
system
may
protect
women
against
stress,
and
this
may
explain
why
women
on
average
live
longer
than
men.
72.
The
UCLA
study
shows
that
in
response
to
stress,
men
are
more
likely
than
women
to
.
A.
turn
to
friends
for
help
B.
solve
a
conflict
calmly
C.
find
an
escape
from
reality
D.
seek
comfort
from
children
73.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
about
oxytocin
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Men
have
the
same
level
of
oxytocin
as
women
do.
B.
Oxytocin
used
to
be
studied
in
both
men
and
women.
C.
Both
animals
and
people
have
high
levels
of
oxytocin.
D.
Oxytocin
has
more
of
an
effect
on
women
than
on
men.
74.
What
can
be
learned
from
the
passage?
A.
Male
hormones
help
build
up
the
body's
resistance
to
stress.
B.
In
a
family
a
mother
cares
more
about
children
than
a
father
does.
C.
Biological
differences
lead
to
different
behavioral
responses
to
stress.
D.
The
UCLA
study
was
designed
to
confirm
previous
research
findings.
75.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
How
men
and
women
get
over
stress
B.
How
men
and
women
suffer
from
stress
C.
How
researchers
overcome
stress
problems
D.
How
researchers
handle
stress-related
disorders
72.
答案C，根据文章当中第二段第六行和第七行的内容得知A和D是女人更倾向做的事情，故排除，根据文章当中第三段第六行animals
and
people
with
high
levels
of
oxytocin
are
calmer,
more
relaxed,
more
social,
and
less
anxious."，并没有提到男人会很冷静的处理矛盾，故排除B，根据文章当中的第二段第五行，男人才会有fight-or-flight
response,而该词组的意义再第二段的第二，三行已经指出，既eicher
react
with
aggressive
behavior,
such
as
verbal
or
physical
conflict
("fight"),
or
they
react
by
withdrawing
from
the
stressful
situation
("flight").所以判断答案为C。学生可能会没有看清楚题干而选择了A或者D，也可能因为对文中fight-or-flight
response的含义把控不准确而选错。
73.
答案为D，文章当中并没有提到男人和女人的oxytocin水平一样，所以排除A，根据第三段的第四行，but
now
it
is
being
studied
for
its
role
in
the
response
of
both
men
and
women
to
stress，判断出是现在被研究，故排除B，根据文章当中第三段第六行"animals
and
people
with
high
levels
of
oxytocin
are
calmer,
more
relaxed,
more
social,
and
less
anxious."，并没有提及人类和动物的oxytocin水平很高，只是说oxytocin水平越高，就越冷静，越放松，所以排除C，根据第三段最后一行，While
men
also
secrete
oxytocin,
its
effects
are
reduced
by
male
hormones.可以判断出答案为D。由于文章当中找不到确切的答案，学生可能由于推断不准确而瞎猜题，导致错误。
74.
答案为C，根据第三段的第六七行"animals
and
people
with
high
levels
of
oxytocin
are
calmer,
more
relaxed,
more
social,
and
less
anxious."
While
men
also
secrete
oxytocin,
its
effects
are
reduced
by
male
hormones.可以排除选项A，根据倒数第二段的二三行，The
typical
father
wanted
to
be
left
alone
to
enjoy
some
peace
and
quiet.
For
a
typical
mother,
coping
with
a
bad
day
at
work
meant
focusing
her
attention
on
her
children
and
their
needs.文章当中只说压力过后父母回家的状态，并没有说妈妈比爸爸更关心小孩，所以排除选项B，根据文章当中第二段第四行However,
the
UCLA
research
team
found
that
men
and
women
have
quite
different
biological
and
behavioral
responses
to
stress.
可以判断不是证明先前的发现，而是推翻，所以排除答案D，根据文章当中总体大意的分析，以及第二段第四行可以判断出答案为C。这里学生可能由于看到文章当中倒数第二段的二三行而选择了答案B，自己进行比较，但是却没有注意到文章中只是客观的陈述了现象，并没有进行比较。
75.
答案为A，根据文章中的总体大意可以判断出答案，学生可能由于对文章大意的掌握不够准确在选项A和B中纠结，所以选错。
Section
C
Translation（注意动词时态与语态）
由于工作时心不在焉，约翰被老板解雇了。
2.
在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。
3.
当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。
4.
应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。
5.
很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。
答案：（only
for
reference）
1.
John
was
dismissed
by
his
boss
as
he
didn’t
pay
much
attention
to
his
work.
2.
Over
the
past
10
years,
great
changes
have
happened
in
this
area.
3.
When
he
got
to
school,
he
realized
that
he
had
left
his
homework
at
home.
4.
Students
should
be
encouraged
to
apply
what
they
have
learned
in
class
to
practice.
5.
Many?years?ago?people?never?knew?that?population?would?become?a?big?problem．?
21世纪教育网
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精品试卷·第
2
页
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2
页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
Unit2重点单词词组复习
+
时态与语态重难点梳理
)
（一）
Unit
2重点单词词组复习
单词/词组
词义词性
派生转化
词组搭配
备注
qualify
v．使合格；使胜任
qualified
adj.
合格的；胜任的
qualification
n．
资格；合格证书
be
qualified
for／as胜任
discipline
n.
纪律；学科；训练
self-discipline
n.
自律能力
recommend
v．推荐
recommendation
n．
推荐
enroll
v．注册：人学；报名参加
enrollment
n．
注册：人学
independent
adj．独立的；不依靠的
be
independent
of
独立于…；不依靠…
solution
n．解决办法
solve
v．解决
名词后用介词to
describe
v．描述；描绘
description
n．描绘；描述
be
described
as被称为……
adapt
v．适应；改编
adaption
n．适应
adapt(…)
to
使…·适应
【比较】adopt
v．采纳；收养
achieve
v．取得，获得
achievement
n，成就
sense
of
achievement
sense
of
satisfaction
as
a
result
of
由于；因为
be
willing
to
do
愿意做
be
forced
to
do
被迫做某事
（二）时态与语态重难点梳理
动词时态
一般时态
一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：
(1)一般情况直接加?s，
(2)结尾为?s，?x，?sh，?ch或?o，在词尾加?es
discuss—discusses wash—washes teach—teaches
fix—fixes go—goes
(3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”
变y为i再加?es
carry—carries study—studies
2．一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every
time，now
and
then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every
day/night等连用。
He
often
goes
to
work
by
bus，and
he
takes
a
walk
with
his
wife
after
dinner
every
day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。
Look
at
the
timetable.Hurry
up!
Flight
4026
takes
off
at
18：20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。
If
it
is
fine
tomorrow，we
will
go
there.
要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。
一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录
(1)一般情况在动词后加?ed
(2)以?e结尾的动词后加?d
hope—hoped like—liked
(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加?ed
study—studied try—tried
(4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加?ed
stop—stopped prefer—preferred admit—admitted
permit—permitted
2．一般过去时的用法
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom
等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the
other
day，last
week，the
day
before
yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
In
1931，Addams
became
the
first
American
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。
2．一般将来时的用法
表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next
year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
—What
time
is
it?
几点了？
—I
have
no
idea.But
just
a
minute，I
will
check
it
for
you.
我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法
(1)“be
going
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look，dark
clouds
are
gathering.It
is
going
to
rain
soon，I
think.
瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
Whether
in
the
home
or
the
workplace，social
robots
are
going
to
become
a
lot
more
common
in
the
next
few
years.
无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。
(2)“be
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
You
are
to
hand
in
your
papers
by
10
o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
(3)“be
about
to＋动词原形”表示正或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体将来时间状语连用。
Tom
was
about
to
close
the
windows
when
his
attention
was
caught
by
a
bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
易错警示
如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时(would/should＋动词原形)。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。
I
telephoned
him
yesterday
to
ask
what
I
would/should
do
next
week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。
进行时态
现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
—I
hear
you
are
working
in
a
pub.What's
it
like?
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well，it's
very
hard
work
and
I'm
always
tired，but
I
don't
mind.
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run
out等动词。
Food
supplies
in
the
flood?stricken
area
are
running
out.We
must
act
immediately
before
there's
none
left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at
that
time，at
that
moment，at
this
time
yesterday，at
ten
o'clock
yesterday等连用。
He
must
have
sensed
that
I
was
looking
at
him.He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly，“Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that？”
他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”
(2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Jack
was
working
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at
this
time
tomorrow，by
then，from
1：30
to
4：30
tomorrow等。
Jane
can't
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon
because
she
will
be
teaching
a
class
at
that
time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
完成时态
现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in
the
last(past)
few
days/years，up
to
now，till
now，so
far等。
He
has
already
received
three
similar
invitations
this
week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
In
the
past
few
years
thousands
of
films
have
been
produced
all
over
the
world.
在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点；
for＋时间段等。
—I
remember
you
were
a
talented
pianist
at
college.Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry，I
haven't
played
the
piano
for
years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
Will
you
come
to
my
office
when
you
have
finished
your
work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
When
walking
down
the
street，I
came
across
David，whom
I
hadn't
seen
for
years.
沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by
then，by
that
time，by
the
end
of，by
the
time＋从句等。
By
then
he
had
learned
English
for
3
years.
到那时，他已学了3年英语了。
Until
then
he
had
known
nothing
about
it
yet.
到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I
had
intended
to
call
on
you
yesterday，but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It
/That
is
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.has/have
done；
This/It
/That
was
the
first
/...time＋that
sb.had
done
这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It(This)is/was
the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.did；
It
was/
had
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.had
done
sth.自从……以来多久了。
(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../
no
sooner...than...(
一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Hardly/No
sooner
had
I
got
home
when/than
the
rain
poured
down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
我们有10年没那么高兴过了。
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时的构成
考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has
been＋现在分词。
2.现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all
this
morning，this
month，these
few
days，since和for引导状语从句等。
—Excuse
me，which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？
—The
new
Star
Wars.We
have
been
waiting
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。
(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
will
be
rewarded
with
success
in
the
end.
学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。
动词语态
Not
only
can
a
beautiful
smile
make
ourselves
happy，but
also
it
enables
others
to
feel
delighted.
一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
1、被动语态的构成形式
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
形式
时间
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
am/
is/
are
done
am/
is/are
being
done
have/has
been
done
过去
was/were
done
was/were
being
done
had
been
done
将来
shall/will
be
done
shall/will
have been
done
被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。
It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
will
be
built
on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
In
my
hometown，there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat
has
been
cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With
many
forests
being
destroyed，huge
quantities
of
good
earth
are
being
washed
away
each
year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
易错警示
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong
to属于；take
part
in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take
place/occur发生；remain剩下；break
out爆发；last持续；come
out出版；come
up被提出；lose
heart失去信心；date
from/back
to追溯到；run
out用完。
2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get
paid/lost/hurt等
While
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
get
promoted，Henry
did
his
best
to
perform
his
duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We
get
paid
by
the
week.
我们按周获得薪酬。
3、主动形式表示被动意义
（1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
house
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired.
这房子需要修理。
（2）．be
to
rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who
is
to
blame
for
the
mistake?
谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The
house
is
to
let.
此房出租。
（3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This
kind
of
wool
shirt
feels
soft
and
sells
well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
（4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have
you
bought
the
book
that
sells
well
these
days?
I
think
it
is
suitable
for
us
teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
（三）高考高频词汇精选（C字母）
calculate
calendar
candidate
clarify
ceremony
conservation
certificate
chapter
combine
conquer
casual
classify
commercial
companion
conduct
conflict
convey
content
crash
crew
confirm
confess
catalog(ue)
critical
canteen
campaign
curriculum
cruise
claim
cease
costume
coincidence
collapse
compliment
compulsory
category
contemporary
cargo
capacity
cultivate
单句语法填空（时态与语态）
1．Nowadays,
cycling
along
with
jogging
and
swimming，_______(regard)as
one
of
the
best
all?round
forms
of
exercise.
2．While
online
shopping
_________(change)
our
life，not
all
of
its
effects
have
been
positive.
3．Christmas
is
the
most
important
festival
in
the
western
world.It
______
(fall)
on
December
25.
4．They
had
to
wait
and
_______
(hope)that
someone
would
come
and
help
them.
5．Nowadays,
cell
phones
have
features
such
as
games，music
and
calendars
and
more
new
functions
_________
(add)．
6．If
we_________
(book)
a
table
earlier，we
wouldn't
be
standing
here
in
a
queue.
7．Due
to
the
hard
training
they________
(do)
before，their
performances
were
very
impressive.
8．Jack
has
never
been
to
China，but
he
talks
about
it
as
if
he__________
(be)
there
many
times.
9．More
expressways
__________
(build)
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
10．Sooner
or
later
those
dishonest
people
__________
(pay)
a
price
for
their
acts;
on
the
contrary，when
we
are
honest，we
are
truly
free.
语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)
Welcome
to
our
school.I'd
like
to
introduce
you
to
plans
for
our
school.A
lot
of
work
1
(do)
in
the
past
few
years.The
library
2
(complete)
and
is
ready
for
use.But
we
still
have
to
do
more
work.A
new
biology
lab
3
(build)this
year.But
we
don't
have
enough
money
for
the
equipment.Students
in
all
grades
4
(collect)
money.The
money
which
is
collected
5
(spend)
on
new
equipment.At
present，a
plan
6
(make)
for
a
party
at
the
end
of
the
term，at
which
wonderful
performances
7
(put)on.
The
gardens
of
the
school
8
(improve)
this
year.New
trees
9
(plant)
which
will
soon
give
shade
in
summer.The
whole
school
10
(paint)
during
the
summer
holidays.In
fact，our
school
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
高考核心词汇练习
1.
In
order
to
guarantee
the
people’s
health
and
reduce
smoking,
the
government
is
starting
an
anti-smoking
advertising
__________.
A.
campaign
B.
capsule
C.capture
D.
cartoon
2.
You
mustn’t
carry
too
much
________
on
you
to
the
crowded
public
places.
You
can
use
your
bankcard
for
buying
things.
A.
cheque
B.
charge
C.costume
D.
cash
3.
Your
fluency
in
the
English
language
gives
you
an
advantage
over
the
other
____
for
the
job.
A.
captain
B.
carpenter
C.
carrier
D.
candidates
4.
You
can
look
for
the
book
in
the
library
_________.
A.
conservation
B.
cancer
C.
channel
D.
catalogue
5.
The
recent
research
shows
heavy
coffee
drinking
and
heart
attack
are
not
necessarily
___
and
effect．
A．cell
B．case
C．capacity
D．cause
6.
Nowadays
people
have
to
pass
various
tests
for
professional
________
so
that
they
can
be
qualified
for
a
well-paying
job.
A.
cruisse
B.
cassettes
C.
certificates
D.
categories
7.
Anyone
who
wants
to
be
successful
mustn’t
give
up
in
any
___________,
and
should
always
be
full
of
confidence.
A.
contribution
B.
circumstances
C.
competition
D.
challenges
8.
It
can’t
be
a(n)
__________that
four
jewelry
stores
were
robbed
in
one
night.
A.
coincidence
B.
accident
C.
incident
D.
chance
9.
He
finished
a
difficult
task
on
his
own
shortly
after
he
entered
the
company,
so
his
________
looked
at
him
with
new
eyes.
A.
clerks
B.
civilians
C.
citizens
D.
colleagues
10.
John
was
dismissed
last
week
because
of
his
__________
attitude
towards
his
job.
A.
competitive
B.
casual
C.
classical
D.
comprehensive
11.
I
think
it's
high
time
you
made
up
your
mind
to
choose
a(n)
________.
A.
ambition
B.caution
C.crisis
D.
career
12.
Jack
has
been
admitted
to
Harvard
University.
His
family
will
have
a
_______
tonight.
A.
anniversary
B.
celebration
C.
ceremony
D.
congratulation
13.
Through
which
______
did
you
get
the
information?
A.
canal
B.
channel
C.
condition
D.
circumstance
14.
The
twins
look
alike
but
they
are
different
in
_________.
A.
characteristic
B.
appearance
C.
character
D.
nature
15.
Math
is
a
_______
subject
for
both
arts
and
science
students.
A.
compulsory
B.
contemporary
C.
concrete
D.
considerate
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
Phyllis
Rawlins’
house
was
destroyed
after
a
tornado
(25)
_____
______
she
lost
her
husband
,
Edgar,
swept
through
her
town
of
Kokomo.
Last
summer
in
the
tornado’s
rubbles,
Rawlins
searched
for
Edgar’s
wedding
ring.
“Digging
and
praying.
Digging
and
praying,”
she
told
local
station
Fox
59.
“It
was
(26)____
to
me,
because
that’s
one
thing
that
I
had,”
she
said.
Rawlins
had
been
visiting
family
in
Kentucky
(27)____
the
storm
came
through.
She
returned
only
(28)_____
(
find)
her
home
had
completely
been
in
pieces.
“This
was
the
house
that
love
built,”
she
said.
Without
her
husband
or
her
house,
she
was
determined
to
find
the
ring.
But
(29)_____
(locate)
it
among
the
piles
of
rubbles
seemed
to
be
hopeless.
Somehow,
her
brother
(30)_____
(spot)
something
under
a
piece
of
the
roof
and
called
her
over.
The
ring,
(31)_____
(bury)
in
the
rubbles,
had
turned
up.
“It
was
a
miracle,”
Rawlins
said.
“We
both
just
hugged
each
other,
(32)____
(cry).
That
was
(33)_____I
had
searched
and
searched
for,”
When
all
was
lost,
the
special
ring
he
left
was
finally
found.
“I’m
very
strong
(34)_____
my
faith,
and
I
know
that
God
is
in
control
of
everything,
the
good
and
the
bad,”
Rawlins
said.
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
consideration??
?B.
originally???
C.?involvement?
D.
finalized
??
?E.
sponsored
F.?influence?????
G.
balanced???
?H.
represent????
?I.
proceed????
J.
included
k.
considerably
The
Man
Booker
Prize
for
Fiction
is
awarded
every
year
for
a
novel
written
by
a
writer
from
the
Commonwealth
or
the
Republic
of
Ireland
and
it
aims
to
___(41)___
the
very
best
in
contemporary
fiction.
The
prize
was
___(42)___
called
the
Booker-McConnell
Prize,
which
was
the
name
of
the
company
that
___(43)___
it,
though
it
was
better-known
as
simply
the
‘Booker
Prize’.
In
2002,
the
Man
Group
became
the
sponsor
and
they
chose
the
new
name,
keeping
‘Booker’.
Publishers
can?submit
books
for
___(44)___
for
the
prize,
but
the
judges
can
also
ask
for
books
to
be
submitted
they
think
should
be
___(45)___.
Firstly,
the
Advisory
Committee
give
advice
if
there
have
been
any
changes
to
the
rules
for
the
prize
and
selects
the
people
who
will
judge
the
books.
The?judging
panel（评审团）changes
every
year
and
usually
a
person
is
only
a
judge
once.
Great
efforts
are
made
to
ensure
that
the
judging
panel
is
___(46)___
in
terms
of
gender
and
professions,
so
that
a
writer,
a
critic,
an
editor
and
an
academic
are
chosen
along
with
a
well-known
person
from
wider
society.
However,
when
the
panel
of
judges
has
been
___(47)___,
they
are
left
to
make
their
own
decisions
without
any
further
___(48)___
or
interference
from
the
prize
sponsor.
The
Man
Booker
judges
include
critics,
writers
and
academics
to
maintain
the?consistent（始终如一的）quality
of
the
prize
and
its
___(49)___
is
such
that
the
winner
will
almost
certainly
see
the
sales
increase
___(50)___,
in
addition
to
the
?50,000
that
comes
with
the
prize.
Section
C
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1、各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add
to)
_____________________________________________________________________
2、这些旧照片总使我回想起我们一起度过的艰难岁月（remind）
______________________________________________________________________
3、尽管价格不菲，这家公司还是坚持每年给员工体检。（Despite）
______________________________________________________________________
4、无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。(No
matter…)
______________________________________________________________________
5、我们应该竭力去实现自己的梦想而不是听命于命运的摆布。（mercy）
_____________________________________________________________________
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
In
today's
American
society,
background
checks
have
become
a
routine
part
of
hiring
process.
Employers
use
them
to
__51__
potential
workers,
judging
whether
they
are
qualified
for
the
posts.
Through
background
checks,
employers
can
also
make
sure
that
the
information
applicants
provide
is
truthful,
which
__52__
the
applicants'
moral
quality.
Then
what
do
background
checks
investigate?
Many
include
a
review
of
the
employee's
employment
history
trying
to
confirm
whether
the
employee
has
ever
been
fired
or
forced
to
__53__.
Employers
also
pay
attention
to
the
length
of
unemployment,
afraid
that
long-time
__54__
from
work
may
bring
negative
influence
to
the
employee's
performance.
Sometimes,
an
applicant's
residential
history
is
also
an
issue.
Jobs
with
state
or
local
governments
often
require
that
the
employee
live
in
certain
areas,
reducing
the
chances
for
them
to
have
contact
with
__55__
people.
Besides,
living
near
the
work
place
is
always
welcome
as
it
saves
time
and
fares
on
__56__.
Another
item
which
can't
be
neglected
is
the
applicant's
criminal
history
---
whether
he
has
ever
been
arrested
or
put
into
prison.
Although
__57__
like
traffic
ticketing
or
queue
jumping
are
usually
pardoned,
breaking
a
criminal
law
is
rarely
__58__
and,
in
most
cases,
is
sure
to
result
in
the
ending
of
the
employment.
Then
comes
the
social
history.
A
background
check
that
involves
the
applicant's
social
history
is
__59__
needed
for
government
posts
or
employment
in
finance
and
law
industries
that
require
greater
self
__60__.
A
small
mistake
in
these
posts
may
result
in
huge
loss.
The
investigation
usually
checks
drug
use,
family
relationships
and
social
contacts,
in
order
to
__61__
hiring
someone
unsuitable
for
the
posts.
Background
investigators
who
__62__
social
history
may
interview
neighbors
and
professional
references
__63__
by
the
applicant.
Finally
in
the
field
of
education
background,
an
application
form
may
ask
for
copies
of
licenses
or
university
diplomas
to
show
the
applicant's
__64__
performances.
In
many
instances,
an
education
background
check
is
so
__65__
about
details
that
investigators
even
confirm
the
date
on
which
the
employee
earned
his
degree
to
determine
if
it
agrees
with
the
information
the
employee
provided
on
his
application.
51.
A.
qualify
B.
assess
C.
treat
D.
reward
52.
A.
practises
B.
supplies
C.
destroys
D.
suggests
53.
A.
cheat
B.
apply
C.
resign
D.
complain
54.
A.
absence
B
review
C.
independence
D.
silence
55.
A.
bad-tempered
B.
ill-intentioned
C.
cold-blooded
D.
old-fashioned
56.
A.
housing
B.
facilities
C.
communication
D.
transportation
57.
A.
minor
offences
B.
serious
faults
C.
personal
experiences
D.
public
inconveniences
58.
A.
bothered
B.
spared
C.
paid
D.
informed
59.
A.
temporarily
B.
generally
C.
fortunately
D.
gradually
60.
A.
satisfaction
B.
confidence
C.
discipline
D.
awareness
61.
A.
explain
B.
discuss
C.
permit
D.
avoid
62.
A.
give
away
B.
focus
on
C.
look
into
D.
put
through
63.
A.
recognized
B.
examined
C.
ordered
D.
compared
64
A.
financial
B.
academic
C.
religious
D.
official
65.
A.
careless
B.
curious
C.
realistic
D.
particular
Section
B
Researchers
in
the
psychology
department
at
the
University
of
California
at
Los
Angeles
(UCLA)
have
discovered
a
major
difference
in
the
way
men
and
women
respond
to
stress.
This
difference
may
explain
why
men
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
stress-related
disorders.
Until
now,
psychological
research
has
maintained
that
both
men
and
women
have
the
same
"fight-or-flight"
reaction
to
stress.
In
other
words,
individuals
either
react
with
aggressive
behavior,
such
as
verbal
or
physical
conflict
("fight"),
or
they
react
by
withdrawing
from
the
stressful
situation
("flight").
However,
the
UCLA
research
team
found
that
men
and
women
have
quite
different
biological
and
behavioral
responses
to
stress.
While
men
often
react
to
stress
in
the
fight-or-flight
response,
women
often
have
another
kind
of
reaction
which
could
be
called
"tend
and
befriend."
That
is,
they
often
react
to
stressful
conditions
by
protecting
and
nurturing
their
young
("tend"),
and
by
looking
for
social
contact
and
support
from
others
-
especially
other
females
('befriend").
Scientists
have
long
known
that
in
the
fight-or-
flight
reaction
to
stress,
an
important
role
is
played
by
certain
hormones(激素)
released
by
the
body.
The
UCLA
research
team
suggests
that
the
female
tend-or-befriend
response
is
also
based
on
a
hormone.
This
hormone,
called
oxytocin,
has
been
studied
in
the
context
of
childbirth,
but
now
it
is
being
studied
for
its
role
in
the
response
of
both
men
and
women
to
stress.
The
principal
investigator,
Dr.
Shelley
E.
Taylor,
explained
that
"animals
and
people
with
high
levels
of
oxytocin
are
calmer,
more
relaxed,
more
social,
and
less
anxious."
While
men
also
secrete（分泌）oxytocin,
its
effects
are
reduced
by
male
hormones.
In
terms
of
everyday
behavior,
the
UCLA
study
found
that
women
are
far.
more
likely
than
men
to
seek
social
contact
when
they
are
feeling
stressed.
They
may
phone
relatives
or
friends,
or
ask
directions
if
they
are
lost.
The
study
also
showed
how
fathers
and
mothers
responded
differently
when
they
came
home
to
their
family
after
a
stressful
day
at
work.
The
typical
father
wanted
to
be
left
alone
to
enjoy
some
peace
and
quiet.
For
a
typical
mother,
coping
with
a
bad
day
at
work
meant
focusing
her
attention
on
her
children
and
their
needs.
The
differences
in
responding
to
stress
may
explain
the
fact
that
women
have
lower
frequency
of
stress-related
disorders
such
as
high
blood
pressure
or
aggressive
behavior.
The
tend-and-befriend
regulatory(调节的)
system
may
protect
women
against
stress,
and
this
may
explain
why
women
on
average
live
longer
than
men.
72.
The
UCLA
study
shows
that
in
response
to
stress,
men
are
more
likely
than
women
to
.
A.
turn
to
friends
for
help
B.
solve
a
conflict
calmly
C.
find
an
escape
from
reality
D.
seek
comfort
from
children
73.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
about
oxytocin
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Men
have
the
same
level
of
oxytocin
as
women
do.
B.
Oxytocin
used
to
be
studied
in
both
men
and
women.
C.
Both
animals
and
people
have
high
levels
of
oxytocin.
D.
Oxytocin
has
more
of
an
effect
on
women
than
on
men.
74.
What
can
be
learned
from
the
passage?
A.
Male
hormones
help
build
up
the
body's
resistance
to
stress.
B.
In
a
family
a
mother
cares
more
about
children
than
a
father
does.
C.
Biological
differences
lead
to
different
behavioral
responses
to
stress.
D.
The
UCLA
study
was
designed
to
confirm
previous
research
findings.
75.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
How
men
and
women
get
over
stress
B.
How
men
and
women
suffer
from
stress
C.
How
researchers
overcome
stress
problems
D.
How
researchers
handle
stress-related
disorders
Section
C
Translation（注意动词时态与语态）
由于工作时心不在焉，约翰被老板解雇了。
2.
在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。
3.
当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。
4.
应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。
5.
很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。
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