中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
定语从句用法之二
)
（一）定语从句用法梳理
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the
only，the
very，the
same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which
的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
whose
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。
China
Today
attracts
a
worldwide
readership，which
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
“You
can't
judge
a
book
by
its
cover，”
as
the
old
saying
goes.
如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
易错警示
as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the
same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)
地点状语
why
the
reason
原因状语
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week，when
the
weather
may
be
better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do
you
know
the
reason
why
he
didn't
attend
the
meeting
yesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去
掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that
引导。
e.
g.
Yesterday
I
met
Li
Ping,
who
seemed
to
be
very
busy.
(昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。
e.
g.
A
five-year-old
boy
can
speak
two
foreign
languages，which
surprises
all
the
people
present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）
在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all,
some，most,
none或both加上of
which或of
whom来修饰或限定先行词。
e.
g.
He
loved
his
parents
deeply,
both
of
whom
are
very
kind
to
him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
which
school
education
depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September
30
is
the
day
by
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears，none
of
which
has
been
proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many
young
people，most
of
whom
were
well?educated，headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of
which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of
whom”。
The
newly?built
café，the
walls
of
which
(＝whose
walls)
are
painted
light
green，is
really
a
peaceful
place
for
us，especially
after
hard
work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
（二）高考高频词汇精选（D字母）
deadline
define
delicate
deposit
discourage
dwelling
dramatic
delight
depress
disclose
discipline
dissolve
decade
discount
discriminate
domestic
declare
digest
diligent
dignity
decay
deceive
distinct
diagnose
delete
decent
distinguish
desperate
deliver
defect
document
donate
decline
deliberate
density
dizzy
demonstrate
digital
dominant
drain
单句语法填空（用适当的关系代词或关系副词）
“I
prefer
to
work
in
black
and
white，_______
allows
me
to
show
different
specific
worlds
more
clearly.”
The
number
of
smokers，
______
is
reported，has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family，Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
________
he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.
The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
________
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
The
children，all
of
________
had
played
the
whole
day
long，were
worn
out.
Nowadays，it
is
common
to
see
people
staring
at
their
mobile
phones
instead
of
reading
a
real
book，about
_________
many
experts
are
worried.
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme，one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
The
city
was
attacked
by
such
terrible
weather________
few
citizens
had
ever
experienced
before.
There
they
met
people
from
other
parts
of
the
country，______
had
also
volunteered
to
help.
It's
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
_______
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
The
house,
______
door
often
stays
open
until
late
at
night，works
as
a
home
for
the
guards，some
of
______
are
from
the
countryside.
She
showed
the
visitors
around
the
museum，the
construction
of
______
had
taken
more
than
three
years.
Lily
took
a
few
friends
to
my
birthday
party，none
of_____
I
was
familiar
with.
The
artist
was
very
proud
of
his
creation
and
called
it
the
best
painting
________
he
had
ever
done.
The
App
WeChat
provides
a
networking
platform
_________
communication
is
faster
and
easier.
He
wrote
many
children’s
books,nearly
half
of
_________
were
published
in
the
1990s.
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
_________
the
weather
may
be
better.
Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
_______
school
education
depends.?
The
man
pulled
out
a
gold
watch,
the
hands
________
________
were
made
of
small
diamonds.
Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,none
of
______
has
been
proved.
答案：1.which
2.which
3.
when
4.
where
5.
whom
6.
which
7.
whose
8.
as
9.
who
10.where
11.whose
whom
12.
which
13.
whom
14.that
where
16.
which
17.
when
18.
which
19.of
which
20.
which
高考核心词汇练习
High
interest
rates
_____
people
from
borrowing
money
from
banks.
A.
discourage
B.
decrease
C.
disturb
D.
disgust
The
illness
from
which
Mary
is
suffering
has
now
been
_____
as
hepatitis.
A.
diagnosed
B.
determined
C.
declined
D.
discovered
American
women
were
_____
the
right
to
vote
until
1920
after
many
years
of
hard
struggle.
A.
adapted
B.
appointed
C.
contained
D.
denied
Alice
___
her
father
that
both
she
and
her
husband
would
be
happy
if
he
would
live
with
them.
A.
convinced
B.
declared
C.
declined
D.
delivered
The
car
salesman
took
the
customer
for
a
driver
in
the
new
model
in
order
to
_____
its
improved
features.
A.
advocate
B.
demonstrate
C.
exhibit
D.
reveal
The
rainbow
_____
as
the
sun
came
fully
out
from
behind
the
clouds.
A.
dissolved
B.
removed
C.
resigned
D.
disappeared
Jim
isn't
_____,
but
he
did
badly
in
the
final
exams
last
semester.
A.dim
B.
dull
C.
diligent
D.
dumb
The
weather
here
is
too
_______
and
it
can
rain
at
any
moment.
Why
not
bring
an
umbrella?
A.
comfortable
B.
definite
C.
changeable
D.
bitter
He
earned
a
large
sum
of
money
and
_____
500,000
dollars
in
the
bank.
A.
deposited
B.
deleted
C.
departed
D.
decorated
He
believed
the
________
influence
in
her
life
was
certainly
her
father.
A.
dramatic
B.decent
C.
distinct
D.
dominant
Some
laid-off
workers
_______
took
up
the
well-paid
work
to
wait
on
patients
in
hospitals.
A.
disappointedly
B.
desperately
C.
delightedly
D.
dramatically
Doctors
have
said
that
as
many
as
50
percent
of
patients
don’t
take
medicine
as
________.
A.
described
B.
determined
C.
directed
D.
depended
Club
members
get
a
15%
__________,
much
lower
than
the
regular
price.
A.
discount
B.
discipline
C.dignity
D.
drain
Compared
to
other
applicants,
your
main
_________
is
lack
of
job
experience.
A.decade
B.
disadvantage
C.
document
D.
density
Professor
Smith,
along
with
his
assistants,
is
working
on
the
project
day
and
night
to
meet
the
_________.
A.
distinction
B.
determination
C.
deadline
D.delivery
参考答案：1~5
AADAB.
6~10
DBCAD.
11~15CAABC
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
Wildlife
secrets
of
Nigeria's
last
wilderness
Researchers
from
Chester
Zoo,
working
with
the
Nigeria
National
Park
Service,
surveyed
over
1,000
square
kilometres
of
the
national
park.
Known
（21）____
its
mountain
rainforests,
savannah
woodlands
and
rolling
grasslands,
it
is
home
to
some
of
West
Africa's
most
endangered
animals.
The
cameras
（22）____
(spot)
some
animals
that
have
never
been
recorded
before
in
the
area
and
others,
like
chimps,
（23）____
are
rarely
seen.
Stuart
Nixon,
the
Africa
Field
Programme
Co-ordinator
at
Chester
Zoo,
said
confirmation
of
the
locations
of
chimps
was
an
important
discovery."
Gashaka's
been
regarded
for
many
years
as
（24）____
(have)the
biggest
population
of
this
Nigeria-Cameroon
chimp,
which
is
the
rarest
chimp
subspecies,"
he
said."
We
consider
it
the
most
important
population
-
that's
really
（25）____
we
need
to
count
it
and
see
what
the
status
of
the
chimp
is
right
now
-
that
will
ultimately
affect
what
we
know
about
this
subspecies
elsewhere."
The
chimp
（26）____
(endanger)
across
its
range
in
Cameroon
and
Nigeria.
Its
total
population
is
down
to
fewer
than
9,000
individuals,
of
which
about
1,000
are
thought
（27）____(live)
within
the
borders
of
the
national
park.
"It's
an
incredible
tool
to
use
these
camera
traps
and
to
reveal
that
this
park
-
which
is
a
（28）____(forget)wilderness,
really,
for
Nigeria
-
still
has
a
really
important
reservoir
of
important
species
for
Nigeria
and
Africa
in
general,"
said
Stuart
Nixon.
Chester
Zoo
is
funding
guards
for
the
rangers
and
providing
training
in
wildlife
monitoring
and
protection.
"This
work
is
helping
us
learn
more
about
the
secrets
of
one
of
our
last
wilderness
areas
and
we
must
continue
to
work
together
to
ensure
（29）____
survival
for
future
generations.
"（30）____
all
this
beauty
were
lost
it
would
be
a
terrible
tragedy
for
all."
答案：
for/
spotted/which/having/why/
is
endangered/to
live/forgotten/its/If
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
recovery
B.
images
C.
instant
D.
blame
E.
shocking
F.
accuracy
G.
concentrate
H.
awarded
I.
fined
J.
estimate
K.
productivity
Think
you
can
walk,
drive,
take
phone
calls,
email
and
listen
to
music
at
the
same
time?
Well,
New
York’s
new
law
says
you
can’t.
And
you’ll
be
41
$100
if
you
do
it
on
a
New
York
City
street.
The
law
went
into
force
last
year,
following
recent
research
and
a(n)
42
number
of
accidents
that
involved
people
using
electronic
devices
when
crossing
the
street.
Who’s
to
43
?
Scientists
say
that
our
multitasking
(处理多重任务的)
abilities
are
limited.
“We
are
under
the
impression
that
our
brain
can
do
more
that
it
often
can,”
says
Rene
Marois,
a
scientist
in
Tennessee.
“But
a
major
limitation
is
the
inability
to
44
on
two
things
at
once.”
The
young
are
often
considered
the
great
multitaskers.
However,
an
Oxford
University
research
suggests
this
idea
is
open
to
question.
A
group
of
18-
to
21-year-olds
and
a
group
of
35-
to
39-year-olds
were
given
ninety
seconds
to
translate
45
into
numbers,
using
a
simple
code.
The
younger
group
did
ten
percent
better
when
not
interrupted,
But
when
both
groups
were
interrupted
by
a
phone
call
or
a(n)
46
message,
the
older
group
matched
the
younger
group
in
speed
and
47
.
It
is
difficult
to
measure
the
48
lost
by
multitaskers.
But
it
is
probably
a
lot.
It
is
estimated
that
the
cost
of
interruptions
to
the
American
economy
is
nearly
$650
billion
a
year.
The
49
is
based
on
surveys
with
office
workers.
The
surveys
conclude
that
28
percent
of
the
workers’
time
was
spent
on
interruptions
and
50
time
before
they
returned
to
their
main
tasks.
答案：41.
I
42.
E
43.
D
44.
G
45.
B
46.
C
47.
F
48.
K
49.
J
50.
A
Section
C
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
她找到了一份做护士的工作。(as)
我们应该竭尽所能使城市变得更美丽。(try)
我们对他的不辞而别感到很惊讶。(without)
当你难以与父母交流时会感到苦恼吗？(when)
为追求时尚付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。(Those)
翻译参考答案
1.
She
has
found
a
job
as
a
nurse.
2.
We
should
try
our
best
to
make
the
city
(become)
more
beautiful.
3.
We
were
greatly
surprised
that
he
had
left
without
saying
goodbye.
4.
Will
you
feel
upset
when
you
find
it
hard
to
communicate
with
your
parents?
5.
Those
who
follow
the
fashion
at
great
cost
should
change
their
lifestyle
as
soon
as
possible.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
A
detailed
study
of
biological
diversity
(多样性)
in
town
and
city
gardens
has
found
that
they
offer
a
vital
refuge
for
animals
and
plants.
It
has
also
found
that
many
of
the
ideas
about
wildlife
gardening
are
not
51
.
In
fact,
small
gardens
are
just
as
good
as
big
gardens
at
52
wildlife,
suburban
gardens
aren’t
always
better
than
city
gardens
and
non-native
plants
aren’t
always
harmful
to
native
insects
and
birds.
Britain’s
16,000,000
gardens
are
a
refuge
for
hundreds
of
species
of
animals
and
plants
that
would
find
it
53
to
survive
on
intensively
(精细地)
farmed
land.
According
to
the
study,
gardens
are
amazingly
varied
even
compared
to
54
environments
that
are
good
for
wildlife.
Small
gardens
are
more
interesting
55
they
vary
a
great
deal
in
botanical
environment.
All
the
wildlife
responds
to
the
variation.
Ken
Thompson
of
Sheffield
University
was
involved
in
the
first
detailed
study
of
the
56
living
in
British
gardens
when
he
and
his
colleagues
surveyed
61
gardens
in
Sheffield.
They
really
found
a(n)
57
diversity
of
plants
and
animals.
They
also
identified
a
range
of
simple
58
that
improved
a
garden’s
environment
for
wildlife.
The
top
thing
is
to
grow
more
big
trees
as
these
greatly
59
the
volume
of
vegetation
in
the
garden
and
a
lot
of
60
means
a
lot
of
places
to
live
and
a
lot
of
things
to
eat.
61
,
create
a
pond
for
insects
and
frogs.
Think
before
stocking
it
with
fish
which
will
eat
insect
eggs.
Also,
it
is
not
wise
to
light
up
the
garden
at
night
with
bright
lawn
lamps,
which
will
62
many
night
creatures.
Finally,
don’t
be
too
tidy:
don’t
be
63
to
clear
up
everything
when
the
garden
stops
flowering.
Just
64
a
bit
of
things
lying
around.
To
sum
up,
people
who
want
to
turn
their
gardens
into
wildlife
refuges
should
65
and
let
the
grass
grow
tall,
the
flowers
turn
to
seed
and
trees
expand
skyward.
A.
true
B.
basic
C.
vivid
D.
simple
A.
selecting
B.
importing
C.
offering
D.
attracting
A.
impossible
B.
illegal
C.
lucky
D.
convenient
A.
peaceful
B.
warm
C.
natural
D.
clean
A.
before
B.
unless
C.
but
D.
because
A.
wildlife
B.
men
C.
germ
D.
pet
A.
confusing
B.
complete
C.
surprising
D.
orderly
A.
measures
B.
standards
C.
services
D.
functions
A.
occupy
B.
increase
C.
limit
D.
reduce
A.
vegetation
B.
reservation
C.
preparation
D.
decoration
A.
By
contrast
B.
As
a
result
C.
In
other
words
D.
In
addition
A.
block
B.
disturb
C.
benefit
D.
protect
A.
in
a
mess
B.
in
a
way
C.
in
a
hurry
D.
in
a
while
A.
forget
B.
remove
C.
avoid
D.
leave
A.
escape
B.
relax
C.
strive
D.
retire
51~55.
ADA
CD
56~60.
A
CABA
61~65.
DBCDB
Section
B
Humpback
whales
Humpback
whales
are
sometimes
called
performers
of
the
ocean.
This
is
because
they
can
make
impressive
movements
when
they
dive.
The
name
“humpback”,
which
is
the
common
name
for
this
whale,
refers
to
the
typical
curve
shape
the
whale’s
back
forms
as
it
dives.
Sometimes
the
humpback
will
dive
with
a
fantastic
movement,
known
as
a
breach.
During
breaching
the
whale
uses
its
powerful
tail
flukes
to
lift
nearly
two-thirds
of
its
body
out
of
the
water
in
a
giant
leap.
A
breach
might
also
include
a
sideways
twist
with
fins
stretched
out
like
wings,
as
the
whale
reaches
the
height
of
the
breach.
A
humpback
whale
breathes
air
at
the
surface
of
the
water
through
two
blowholes
which
are
located
near
the
top
of
the
head.
It
blows
a
double
stream
of
water
that
can
rise
up
to
4
meters
above
the
water.
The
humpback
has
a
small
dorsal
fin
located
towards
the
tail
flukes
about
two-thirds
of
the
way
down
its
back.
Other
distinguishing
features
include
large
pectoral
fins,
which
may
be
up
to
a
third
of
the
body
length,
and
unique
black,
and
white
spots
on
the
underside
of
the
tail
flukes.
These
markings
are
like
fingerprints:
no
two
are
the
same.
Humpback
whales
live
in
large
groups.
They
communicate
with
each
other
through
complex
“songs”.
Quick
Facts
Size:
14m~18m
in
length
30~50
tons
in
weight
Living
environment:
Open
ocean
and
shallow
coastline
waters
Migration:
From
warm
tropical
(热带的)
waters,
where
they
breed,
to
cold
polar
waters,
where
they
eat.
Diet:
Shellfish,
plants
and
fish
of
small
size
Hunting:
Sometimes
in
groups,
in
which
several
whales
form
a
circle
under
the
water,
blowing
bubbles
that
form
a
“net”
around
a
school
of
fish.
The
fish
are
then
forced
up
to
the
surface
in
a
concentrated
mass.
Current
state:
Endangered:
it
is
estimated
that
there
are
about
5000~7000
humpback
whales
worldwide.
According
to
Quick
Facts,
a
humpback
whale
______.
A.
cannot
survive
in
waters
near
the
shore
B.
doesn’t
live
in
the
same
waters
all
the
time
C.
lives
mainly
on
underwater
plants
D.
prefers
to
work
alone
when
hunting
food
To
make
a
breach,
a
humpback
whale
must
______.
use
its
tail
flukes
to
leap
out
of
the
water
B.
twist
its
body
sideways
to
jump
high.
C.
blow
two
streams
of
water
D.
communicate
with
a
group
of
humpbacks.
From
the
passage
we
can
learn
that
a
humpback
whale
______.
A.
has
its
unique
markings
on
it
tail
flukes
B.
has
black
and
white
fingerprints
C.
gets
its
name
from
the
way
it
hunts
D.
is
a
great
performer
due
to
its
songs
BAA
50.B本题答案在Quick
Facts中的“Migration迁徙”一栏中可以找到。座头鲸每年都会从温暖的海洋迁徙到寒冷的海洋。
51.A本题原本很简单，在第二段第三行答案非常明显。座头鲸要跃出海面，就必须用强壮的尾鳍去使身体上升。答案就是A。但是，强干扰项B紧随其后，就在第五行。但是，只要同学们细心一点就会发现这里有一个单词“include包含”。座头鲸在跃出海面的时候可能会扭转侧鳍的动作，但这并不是座头鲸跃出海面的必须动力所在。所以，排除。最终得到答案A。
52.A
本题答案在第四段倒数第三行，座头鲸的尾鳍上有许多独特的黑色和白色的斑点。本来也很简单。可是，强干扰项B又来凑热闹，在本段最后一行讲到，这些斑点就像指纹一样，没有相似的。同学们，只要留心这里的
“like”难题就不难了。这里作者要表达的概念是斑点的独特性就像人的指纹的独特性一样，而不是指纹。所以，可以确定答案为A。
(B)
Human
remains
of
ancient
settlements
will
be
reburied
and
lost
to
science
under
a
law
that
threatens
research
into
the
history
of
humans
in
Britain,
a
group
of
leading
archeologists
(考古学家)
says.
In
a
letter
addressed
to
the
justice
secretary,
Ken
Clarke,
40
archaeologists
write
of
their
“deep
and
widespread
concern”
about
the
issue.
It
centers
on
the
law
introduced
by
the
Ministry
of
Justice
in
2008
which
requires
all
human
remains
unearthed
in
England
and
Wales
to
be
reburied
within
two
years,
regardless
of
their
age.
The
decision
means
scientists
have
too
little
time
to
study
bones
and
other
human
remains
of
national
and
cultural
significance.
“Your
current
requirement
that
all
archaeologically
unearthed
human
remains
should
be
reburied,
whether
after
a
standard
period
of
two
years
or
a
further
special
extension,
is
contrary
to
basic
principles
of
archaeological
and
scientific
research
and
of
museum
practice,”
they
write.
The
law
applies
to
any
pieces
of
bone
uncovered
at
around
400
dig
sites,
including
the
remains
of
60
or
so
bodies
found
at
Stonehenge
in
2008
that
date
back
to
3,000
BC.
Archaeologists
have
been
granted
a
temporary
extension
to
give
them
more
time,
but
eventuallly
the
bones
will
have
to
be
returned
to
the
ground.
The
arrangements
may
result
in
the
waste
of
future
discoveries
at
sites
such
as
Happisburgh
in
Norfolk,
where
digging
is
continuing
after
the
discovery
of
stone
tools
made
by
early
humans
950,000
years
ago.
If
human
remains
were
found
at
Happisburgh,
they
would
be
the
oldest
in
northern
Europe
and
the
first
indication
of
what
this
species
was.
Under
the
current
practice
of
the
law
those
remains
would
have
to
be
reburied
and
effectively
destroyed.
Before
2008,
guidelines
allowed
for
the
proper
preservation
and
study
of
bones
of
sufficient
age
and
historical
interest,
while
the
Burial
Act
1857
applied
to
more
recent
remains.
The
Ministry
of
Justice
assured
archaeologists
two
years
ago
that
the
law
was
temporary,
but
has
so
far
failed
to
revise
it.
Mike
Parker
Pearson,
an
archaeologist
at
Sheffield
University,
said:
“Archaeologists
have
been
extremely
patient
because
we
were
led
to
believe
the
ministry
was
sorting
out
this
problem,
but
we
feel
that
we
cannot
wait
any
longer.”
The
ministry
has
no
guidelines
on
where
or
how
remains
should
be
reburied,
or
on
what
records
should
be
kept.
According
to
the
passage,
scientists
are
unhappy
with
the
law
mainly
because
______.
A.
it
is
only
a
temporary
measure
on
the
human
remains
B.
it
is
unreasonable
and
thus
destructive
to
scientific
research
C.
it
was
introduced
by
the
government
without
their
knowledge
D.
it
is
vague
about
where
and
how
to
rebury
human
remains
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Temporary
extension
of
two
years
will
guarantee
scientists
enough
time.
B.
Human
remains
of
the
oldest
species
were
dug
out
at
Happisburgh.
C.
Human
remains
will
have
to
be
reburied
despite
the
extension
of
time.
D.
Scientists
have
been
warned
that
the
law
can
hardly
be
changed.
What
can
be
inferred
about
the
British
law
governing
human
remains?
A.
The
Ministry
of
Justice
did
not
intend
it
to
protect
human
remains.
B.
The
Burial
Act
1857
only
applied
to
remains
uncovered
before
1857.
C.
The
law
on
human
remains
hasn’t
changed
in
recent
decades.
D.
The
Ministry
of
Justice
has
not
done
enough
about
the
law.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
New
discoveries
should
be
reburied,
the
government
demands.
B.
Research
time
should
be
extended,
scientists
require.
C.
Law
on
human
remains
needs
thorough
discussion,
authorities
say.
D.
Law
could
bury
ancient
secrets
for
ever,
archeologists
warn.
BCDD
53.B
本题答案在第二段，你现要要求所有的已发掘的人类考古遗址全部重埋，不论是延时两年以后还是将来任何时候，这都是与考古和科学研究原则以及博物馆惯例相悖。通过这一段可以得出结论，考古学家对这一法律是不满的。
54.C
本题答案在第三段的最后一句话，为了给他们更多的时间，考古学家被授予一个临时的时间延时，但是最终，这些肯头还是要被重新埋进地里。
55.D本题答案在第五段最后一句话，两年前司法部向考古学家保证这些法律只是暂时的，但是迄今为止，还没有修改它。
56.D结合上面三题的解析，不难发现，本文表达的是考古学家对法律制度的不满。所以，选择D。
Section
C
六选四
A.
The
findings
show
that
they
also
apply
criticism
to
nontraditional
women’s
husbands.
B.
He
is
also
regarded
as
having
less
power
in
the
relationship.
C.
These
include
having
a
higher
status,
yielding
more
power,
being
more
self-focused,
ambitious
and
self-confident.
D.
The
married
surname
tradition
is
more
than
just
a
tradition.
E.
Up
to
now,
researchers
have
not
yet
examined
how
a
woman’s
married
surname
choice
influences
how
others
look
at
her
husband.
F.
Women’s
rightist
scholars
understand
why
the
surname
tradition
remains
widely
supported.
What
does
it
mean
for
the
husband
when
his
wife
keeps
her
own
surname?
The
tradition
of
women
adopting
their
husbands’
surname
after
marriage
is
arguably
one
of
the
most
widespread
gender-role
standards
in
Western
cultures
despite
marked
changes
in
the
role
that
women
play
in
society
and
in
the
labor
force.
According
to
previous
studies,
women
who
violate
the
married
surname
tradition
are
viewed
differently
from
others.
They
are
described
in
terms
of
instrumental
characteristics
that
in
a
gendered
society
are
typically
assigned
to
men.
(67)__________
These
characteristics
contrast
with
the
expressive
characteristics
that
are
typically
assigned
to
women,
such
as
being
more
caring,
kind
and
having
less
influence
and
power.
(68)__________
For
this
purpose,
Robnett
and
her
colleagues
carried
out
three
studies
in
the
US
and
UK.
The
first
two
studies
showed
that
husbands
whose
wives
keep
their
own
surnames
are
often
described
through
terms
that
are
opposed
to
the
gender-typical
personality
characteristics
and
power
framework
used
for
men.
They
are
described
in
more
expressive
than
instrumental
terms,
and
are
seen
to
hold
less
power
in
a
marriage.
Their
findings
indicate
that
people
conclude
from
married
surname
choices
to
make
more
general
inferences
about
a
couple’s
gender-typed
personality
characteristics.
Results
from
the
third
study
conducted
by
Robnett’s
team
suggest
that
people
hold
different
opinions
in
how
they
think
about
such
cases.
People
who
firmly
hold
on
to
traditional
gender
roles
react
particularly
strongly
to
a
man
whose
wife
keeps
her
surname
because
they
see
him
as
an
incapable
person.
“We
know
from
previous
research
that
people
high
in
unfriendly
sexism
(蔑视女性)
respond
negatively
to
women
who
violate
traditional
gender
roles,”
says
Robnett.
“(69)__________”
“This
study
joins
several
others
in
implying
a
link
between
traditions
in
men
and
women’s
romantic
relationships
and
power
structures
favoring
men,”
says
Robnett.
“(70)__________
It
reflects
subtle
gender-role
standards
and
ideas
that
often
remain
unquestioned
despite
privileging
men.”
答案：CEAD
Section
D
Translation（注意使用定语从句）
1．上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2．桂林是座具有2
000年历史的城市。(which/that在从句子中作主语)
3．住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。(who/that在从句中作主语)
4．他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。(that在从句中作宾语)
5.
两年前我工作的那个公司的老板在解决类似这种问题方面很有经验。
(whose在从句中作定语)
6.
追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when）
参考答案：
The
man
whom/that
you
saw
last
week
has
left
the
town.
Guilin
is
a
city
which/that
has
a
history
of
2，000
years.
The
man
who/that
lives
downstairs
speaks
English
well.
He
told
us
many
interesting
things
and
persons
that
we
had
never
heard.
5.The
boss
whose
company
I
worked
in
two
years
ago
has
much
experience
in
solving
such
kind
of
problem.
6.
The
pursuit
of
stability
is
not
a
bad
thing.
and
There
are
many
times
when
such
an
attitude
drives
us
to
improve
ourselves,
challenge
difficulties,
and
climb
peaks.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
定语从句用法之二
)
（一）定语从句用法梳理
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the
only，the
very，the
same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which
的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
whose
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。
China
Today
attracts
a
worldwide
readership，which
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
“You
can't
judge
a
book
by
its
cover，”
as
the
old
saying
goes.
如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
易错警示
as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the
same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)
地点状语
why
the
reason
原因状语
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week，when
the
weather
may
be
better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do
you
know
the
reason
why
he
didn't
attend
the
meeting
yesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去
掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that
引导。
e.
g.
Yesterday
I
met
Li
Ping,
who
seemed
to
be
very
busy.
(昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。
e.
g.
A
five-year-old
boy
can
speak
two
foreign
languages，which
surprises
all
the
people
present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）
在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all,
some，most,
none或both加上of
which或of
whom来修饰或限定先行词。
e.
g.
He
loved
his
parents
deeply,
both
of
whom
are
very
kind
to
him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
which
school
education
depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September
30
is
the
day
by
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears，none
of
which
has
been
proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many
young
people，most
of
whom
were
well?educated，headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of
which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of
whom”。
The
newly?built
café，the
walls
of
which
(＝whose
walls)
are
painted
light
green，is
really
a
peaceful
place
for
us，especially
after
hard
work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
（二）高考高频词汇精选（D字母）
deadline
define
delicate
deposit
discourage
dwelling
dramatic
delight
depress
disclose
discipline
dissolve
decade
discount
discriminate
domestic
declare
digest
diligent
dignity
decay
deceive
distinct
diagnose
delete
decent
distinguish
desperate
deliver
defect
document
donate
decline
deliberate
density
dizzy
demonstrate
digital
dominant
drain
单句语法填空（用适当的关系代词或关系副词）
“I
prefer
to
work
in
black
and
white，_______
allows
me
to
show
different
specific
worlds
more
clearly.”
The
number
of
smokers，
______
is
reported，has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family，Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
________
he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.
The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
________
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
The
children，all
of
________
had
played
the
whole
day
long，were
worn
out.
Nowadays，it
is
common
to
see
people
staring
at
their
mobile
phones
instead
of
reading
a
real
book，about
_________
many
experts
are
worried.
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme，one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
The
city
was
attacked
by
such
terrible
weather________
few
citizens
had
ever
experienced
before.
There
they
met
people
from
other
parts
of
the
country，______
had
also
volunteered
to
help.
It's
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
_______
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
The
house,
______
door
often
stays
open
until
late
at
night，works
as
a
home
for
the
guards，some
of
______
are
from
the
countryside.
She
showed
the
visitors
around
the
museum，the
construction
of
______
had
taken
more
than
three
years.
Lily
took
a
few
friends
to
my
birthday
party，none
of_____
I
was
familiar
with.
The
artist
was
very
proud
of
his
creation
and
called
it
the
best
painting
________
he
had
ever
done.
The
App
WeChat
provides
a
networking
platform
_________
communication
is
faster
and
easier.
He
wrote
many
children’s
books,nearly
half
of
_________
were
published
in
the
1990s.
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
_________
the
weather
may
be
better.
Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
_______
school
education
depends.?
The
man
pulled
out
a
gold
watch,
the
hands
________
________
were
made
of
small
diamonds.
Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,none
of
______
has
been
proved.
高考核心词汇练习
High
interest
rates
_____
people
from
borrowing
money
from
banks.
A.
discourage
B.
decrease
C.
disturb
D.
disgust
The
illness
from
which
Mary
is
suffering
has
now
been
_____
as
hepatitis.
A.
diagnosed
B.
determined
C.
declined
D.
discovered
American
women
were
_____
the
right
to
vote
until
1920
after
many
years
of
hard
struggle.
A.
adapted
B.
appointed
C.
contained
D.
denied
Alice
___
her
father
that
both
she
and
her
husband
would
be
happy
if
he
would
live
with
them.
A.
convinced
B.
declared
C.
declined
D.
delivered
The
car
salesman
took
the
customer
for
a
driver
in
the
new
model
in
order
to
_____
its
improved
features.
A.
advocate
B.
demonstrate
C.
exhibit
D.
reveal
The
rainbow
_____
as
the
sun
came
fully
out
from
behind
the
clouds.
A.
dissolved
B.
removed
C.
resigned
D.
disappeared
Jim
isn't
_____,
but
he
did
badly
in
the
final
exams
last
semester.
A.dim
B.
dull
C.
diligent
D.
dumb
The
weather
here
is
too
_______
and
it
can
rain
at
any
moment.
Why
not
bring
an
umbrella?
A.
comfortable
B.
definite
C.
changeable
D.
bitter
He
earned
a
large
sum
of
money
and
_____
500,000
dollars
in
the
bank.
A.
deposited
B.
deleted
C.
departed
D.
decorated
He
believed
the
________
influence
in
her
life
was
certainly
her
father.
A.
dramatic
B.decent
C.
distinct
D.
dominant
Some
laid-off
workers
_______
took
up
the
well-paid
work
to
wait
on
patients
in
hospitals.
A.
disappointedly
B.
desperately
C.
delightedly
D.
dramatically
Doctors
have
said
that
as
many
as
50
percent
of
patients
don’t
take
medicine
as
________.
A.
described
B.
determined
C.
directed
D.
depended
Club
members
get
a
15%
__________,
much
lower
than
the
regular
price.
A.
discount
B.
discipline
C.dignity
D.
drain
Compared
to
other
applicants,
your
main
_________
is
lack
of
job
experience.
A.decade
B.
disadvantage
C.
document
D.
density
Professor
Smith,
along
with
his
assistants,
is
working
on
the
project
day
and
night
to
meet
the
_________.
A.
distinction
B.
determination
C.
deadline
D.delivery
语言能力综合运用
Section
A
Directions:
Fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
Wildlife
secrets
of
Nigeria's
last
wilderness
Researchers
from
Chester
Zoo,
working
with
the
Nigeria
National
Park
Service,
surveyed
over
1,000
square
kilometres
of
the
national
park.
Known
（21）____
its
mountain
rainforests,
savannah
woodlands
and
rolling
grasslands,
it
is
home
to
some
of
West
Africa's
most
endangered
animals.
The
cameras
（22）____
(spot)
some
animals
that
have
never
been
recorded
before
in
the
area
and
others,
like
chimps,
（23）____
are
rarely
seen.
Stuart
Nixon,
the
Africa
Field
Programme
Co-ordinator
at
Chester
Zoo,
said
confirmation
of
the
locations
of
chimps
was
an
important
discovery."
Gashaka's
been
regarded
for
many
years
as
（24）____
(have)the
biggest
population
of
this
Nigeria-Cameroon
chimp,
which
is
the
rarest
chimp
subspecies,"
he
said."
We
consider
it
the
most
important
population
-
that's
really
（25）____
we
need
to
count
it
and
see
what
the
status
of
the
chimp
is
right
now
-
that
will
ultimately
affect
what
we
know
about
this
subspecies
elsewhere."
The
chimp
（26）____
(endanger)
across
its
range
in
Cameroon
and
Nigeria.
Its
total
population
is
down
to
fewer
than
9,000
individuals,
of
which
about
1,000
are
thought
（27）____(live)
within
the
borders
of
the
national
park.
"It's
an
incredible
tool
to
use
these
camera
traps
and
to
reveal
that
this
park
-
which
is
a
（28）____(forget)wilderness,
really,
for
Nigeria
-
still
has
a
really
important
reservoir
of
important
species
for
Nigeria
and
Africa
in
general,"
said
Stuart
Nixon.
Chester
Zoo
is
funding
guards
for
the
rangers
and
providing
training
in
wildlife
monitoring
and
protection.
"This
work
is
helping
us
learn
more
about
the
secrets
of
one
of
our
last
wilderness
areas
and
we
must
continue
to
work
together
to
ensure
（29）____
survival
for
future
generations.
"（30）____
all
this
beauty
were
lost
it
would
be
a
terrible
tragedy
for
all."
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
recovery
B.
images
C.
instant
D.
blame
E.
shocking
F.
accuracy
G.
concentrate
H.
awarded
I.
fined
J.
estimate
K.
productivity
Think
you
can
walk,
drive,
take
phone
calls,
email
and
listen
to
music
at
the
same
time?
Well,
New
York’s
new
law
says
you
can’t.
And
you’ll
be
41
$100
if
you
do
it
on
a
New
York
City
street.
The
law
went
into
force
last
year,
following
recent
research
and
a(n)
42
number
of
accidents
that
involved
people
using
electronic
devices
when
crossing
the
street.
Who’s
to
43
?
Scientists
say
that
our
multitasking
(处理多重任务的)
abilities
are
limited.
“We
are
under
the
impression
that
our
brain
can
do
more
that
it
often
can,”
says
Rene
Marois,
a
scientist
in
Tennessee.
“But
a
major
limitation
is
the
inability
to
44
on
two
things
at
once.”
The
young
are
often
considered
the
great
multitaskers.
However,
an
Oxford
University
research
suggests
this
idea
is
open
to
question.
A
group
of
18-
to
21-year-olds
and
a
group
of
35-
to
39-year-olds
were
given
ninety
seconds
to
translate
45
into
numbers,
using
a
simple
code.
The
younger
group
did
ten
percent
better
when
not
interrupted,
But
when
both
groups
were
interrupted
by
a
phone
call
or
a(n)
46
message,
the
older
group
matched
the
younger
group
in
speed
and
47
.
It
is
difficult
to
measure
the
48
lost
by
multitaskers.
But
it
is
probably
a
lot.
It
is
estimated
that
the
cost
of
interruptions
to
the
American
economy
is
nearly
$650
billion
a
year.
The
49
is
based
on
surveys
with
office
workers.
The
surveys
conclude
that
28
percent
of
the
workers’
time
was
spent
on
interruptions
and
50
time
before
they
returned
to
their
main
tasks.
Section
C
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
她找到了一份做护士的工作。(as)
我们应该竭尽所能使城市变得更美丽。(try)
我们对他的不辞而别感到很惊讶。(without)
当你难以与父母交流时会感到苦恼吗？(when)
为追求时尚付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。(Those)
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
A
detailed
study
of
biological
diversity
(多样性)
in
town
and
city
gardens
has
found
that
they
offer
a
vital
refuge
for
animals
and
plants.
It
has
also
found
that
many
of
the
ideas
about
wildlife
gardening
are
not
51
.
In
fact,
small
gardens
are
just
as
good
as
big
gardens
at
52
wildlife,
suburban
gardens
aren’t
always
better
than
city
gardens
and
non-native
plants
aren’t
always
harmful
to
native
insects
and
birds.
Britain’s
16,000,000
gardens
are
a
refuge
for
hundreds
of
species
of
animals
and
plants
that
would
find
it
53
to
survive
on
intensively
(精细地)
farmed
land.
According
to
the
study,
gardens
are
amazingly
varied
even
compared
to
54
environments
that
are
good
for
wildlife.
Small
gardens
are
more
interesting
55
they
vary
a
great
deal
in
botanical
environment.
All
the
wildlife
responds
to
the
variation.
Ken
Thompson
of
Sheffield
University
was
involved
in
the
first
detailed
study
of
the
56
living
in
British
gardens
when
he
and
his
colleagues
surveyed
61
gardens
in
Sheffield.
They
really
found
a(n)
57
diversity
of
plants
and
animals.
They
also
identified
a
range
of
simple
58
that
improved
a
garden’s
environment
for
wildlife.
The
top
thing
is
to
grow
more
big
trees
as
these
greatly
59
the
volume
of
vegetation
in
the
garden
and
a
lot
of
60
means
a
lot
of
places
to
live
and
a
lot
of
things
to
eat.
61
,
create
a
pond
for
insects
and
frogs.
Think
before
stocking
it
with
fish
which
will
eat
insect
eggs.
Also,
it
is
not
wise
to
light
up
the
garden
at
night
with
bright
lawn
lamps,
which
will
62
many
night
creatures.
Finally,
don’t
be
too
tidy:
don’t
be
63
to
clear
up
everything
when
the
garden
stops
flowering.
Just
64
a
bit
of
things
lying
around.
To
sum
up,
people
who
want
to
turn
their
gardens
into
wildlife
refuges
should
65
and
let
the
grass
grow
tall,
the
flowers
turn
to
seed
and
trees
expand
skyward.
A.
true
B.
basic
C.
vivid
D.
simple
A.
selecting
B.
importing
C.
offering
D.
attracting
A.
impossible
B.
illegal
C.
lucky
D.
convenient
A.
peaceful
B.
warm
C.
natural
D.
clean
A.
before
B.
unless
C.
but
D.
because
A.
wildlife
B.
men
C.
germ
D.
pet
A.
confusing
B.
complete
C.
surprising
D.
orderly
A.
measures
B.
standards
C.
services
D.
functions
A.
occupy
B.
increase
C.
limit
D.
reduce
A.
vegetation
B.
reservation
C.
preparation
D.
decoration
A.
By
contrast
B.
As
a
result
C.
In
other
words
D.
In
addition
A.
block
B.
disturb
C.
benefit
D.
protect
A.
in
a
mess
B.
in
a
way
C.
in
a
hurry
D.
in
a
while
A.
forget
B.
remove
C.
avoid
D.
leave
A.
escape
B.
relax
C.
strive
D.
retire
Section
B
Humpback
whales
Humpback
whales
are
sometimes
called
performers
of
the
ocean.
This
is
because
they
can
make
impressive
movements
when
they
dive.
The
name
“humpback”,
which
is
the
common
name
for
this
whale,
refers
to
the
typical
curve
shape
the
whale’s
back
forms
as
it
dives.
Sometimes
the
humpback
will
dive
with
a
fantastic
movement,
known
as
a
breach.
During
breaching
the
whale
uses
its
powerful
tail
flukes
to
lift
nearly
two-thirds
of
its
body
out
of
the
water
in
a
giant
leap.
A
breach
might
also
include
a
sideways
twist
with
fins
stretched
out
like
wings,
as
the
whale
reaches
the
height
of
the
breach.
A
humpback
whale
breathes
air
at
the
surface
of
the
water
through
two
blowholes
which
are
located
near
the
top
of
the
head.
It
blows
a
double
stream
of
water
that
can
rise
up
to
4
meters
above
the
water.
The
humpback
has
a
small
dorsal
fin
located
towards
the
tail
flukes
about
two-thirds
of
the
way
down
its
back.
Other
distinguishing
features
include
large
pectoral
fins,
which
may
be
up
to
a
third
of
the
body
length,
and
unique
black,
and
white
spots
on
the
underside
of
the
tail
flukes.
These
markings
are
like
fingerprints:
no
two
are
the
same.
Humpback
whales
live
in
large
groups.
They
communicate
with
each
other
through
complex
“songs”.
Quick
Facts
Size:
14m~18m
in
length
30~50
tons
in
weight
Living
environment:
Open
ocean
and
shallow
coastline
waters
Migration:
From
warm
tropical
(热带的)
waters,
where
they
breed,
to
cold
polar
waters,
where
they
eat.
Diet:
Shellfish,
plants
and
fish
of
small
size
Hunting:
Sometimes
in
groups,
in
which
several
whales
form
a
circle
under
the
water,
blowing
bubbles
that
form
a
“net”
around
a
school
of
fish.
The
fish
are
then
forced
up
to
the
surface
in
a
concentrated
mass.
Current
state:
Endangered:
it
is
estimated
that
there
are
about
5000~7000
humpback
whales
worldwide.
According
to
Quick
Facts,
a
humpback
whale
______.
A.
cannot
survive
in
waters
near
the
shore
B.
doesn’t
live
in
the
same
waters
all
the
time
C.
lives
mainly
on
underwater
plants
D.
prefers
to
work
alone
when
hunting
food
To
make
a
breach,
a
humpback
whale
must
______.
use
its
tail
flukes
to
leap
out
of
the
water
B.
twist
its
body
sideways
to
jump
high.
C.
blow
two
streams
of
water
D.
communicate
with
a
group
of
humpbacks.
From
the
passage
we
can
learn
that
a
humpback
whale
______.
A.
has
its
unique
markings
on
it
tail
flukes
B.
has
black
and
white
fingerprints
C.
gets
its
name
from
the
way
it
hunts
D.
is
a
great
performer
due
to
its
songs
(B)
Human
remains
of
ancient
settlements
will
be
reburied
and
lost
to
science
under
a
law
that
threatens
research
into
the
history
of
humans
in
Britain,
a
group
of
leading
archeologists
(考古学家)
says.
In
a
letter
addressed
to
the
justice
secretary,
Ken
Clarke,
40
archaeologists
write
of
their
“deep
and
widespread
concern”
about
the
issue.
It
centers
on
the
law
introduced
by
the
Ministry
of
Justice
in
2008
which
requires
all
human
remains
unearthed
in
England
and
Wales
to
be
reburied
within
two
years,
regardless
of
their
age.
The
decision
means
scientists
have
too
little
time
to
study
bones
and
other
human
remains
of
national
and
cultural
significance.
“Your
current
requirement
that
all
archaeologically
unearthed
human
remains
should
be
reburied,
whether
after
a
standard
period
of
two
years
or
a
further
special
extension,
is
contrary
to
basic
principles
of
archaeological
and
scientific
research
and
of
museum
practice,”
they
write.
The
law
applies
to
any
pieces
of
bone
uncovered
at
around
400
dig
sites,
including
the
remains
of
60
or
so
bodies
found
at
Stonehenge
in
2008
that
date
back
to
3,000
BC.
Archaeologists
have
been
granted
a
temporary
extension
to
give
them
more
time,
but
eventuallly
the
bones
will
have
to
be
returned
to
the
ground.
The
arrangements
may
result
in
the
waste
of
future
discoveries
at
sites
such
as
Happisburgh
in
Norfolk,
where
digging
is
continuing
after
the
discovery
of
stone
tools
made
by
early
humans
950,000
years
ago.
If
human
remains
were
found
at
Happisburgh,
they
would
be
the
oldest
in
northern
Europe
and
the
first
indication
of
what
this
species
was.
Under
the
current
practice
of
the
law
those
remains
would
have
to
be
reburied
and
effectively
destroyed.
Before
2008,
guidelines
allowed
for
the
proper
preservation
and
study
of
bones
of
sufficient
age
and
historical
interest,
while
the
Burial
Act
1857
applied
to
more
recent
remains.
The
Ministry
of
Justice
assured
archaeologists
two
years
ago
that
the
law
was
temporary,
but
has
so
far
failed
to
revise
it.
Mike
Parker
Pearson,
an
archaeologist
at
Sheffield
University,
said:
“Archaeologists
have
been
extremely
patient
because
we
were
led
to
believe
the
ministry
was
sorting
out
this
problem,
but
we
feel
that
we
cannot
wait
any
longer.”
The
ministry
has
no
guidelines
on
where
or
how
remains
should
be
reburied,
or
on
what
records
should
be
kept.
According
to
the
passage,
scientists
are
unhappy
with
the
law
mainly
because
______.
A.
it
is
only
a
temporary
measure
on
the
human
remains
B.
it
is
unreasonable
and
thus
destructive
to
scientific
research
C.
it
was
introduced
by
the
government
without
their
knowledge
D.
it
is
vague
about
where
and
how
to
rebury
human
remains
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Temporary
extension
of
two
years
will
guarantee
scientists
enough
time.
B.
Human
remains
of
the
oldest
species
were
dug
out
at
Happisburgh.
C.
Human
remains
will
have
to
be
reburied
despite
the
extension
of
time.
D.
Scientists
have
been
warned
that
the
law
can
hardly
be
changed.
What
can
be
inferred
about
the
British
law
governing
human
remains?
A.
The
Ministry
of
Justice
did
not
intend
it
to
protect
human
remains.
B.
The
Burial
Act
1857
only
applied
to
remains
uncovered
before
1857.
C.
The
law
on
human
remains
hasn’t
changed
in
recent
decades.
D.
The
Ministry
of
Justice
has
not
done
enough
about
the
law.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
New
discoveries
should
be
reburied,
the
government
demands.
B.
Research
time
should
be
extended,
scientists
require.
C.
Law
on
human
remains
needs
thorough
discussion,
authorities
say.
D.
Law
could
bury
ancient
secrets
for
ever,
archeologists
warn.
Section
C
六选四
A.
The
findings
show
that
they
also
apply
criticism
to
nontraditional
women’s
husbands.
B.
He
is
also
regarded
as
having
less
power
in
the
relationship.
C.
These
include
having
a
higher
status,
yielding
more
power,
being
more
self-focused,
ambitious
and
self-confident.
D.
The
married
surname
tradition
is
more
than
just
a
tradition.
E.
Up
to
now,
researchers
have
not
yet
examined
how
a
woman’s
married
surname
choice
influences
how
others
look
at
her
husband.
F.
Women’s
rightist
scholars
understand
why
the
surname
tradition
remains
widely
supported.
What
does
it
mean
for
the
husband
when
his
wife
keeps
her
own
surname?
The
tradition
of
women
adopting
their
husbands’
surname
after
marriage
is
arguably
one
of
the
most
widespread
gender-role
standards
in
Western
cultures
despite
marked
changes
in
the
role
that
women
play
in
society
and
in
the
labor
force.
According
to
previous
studies,
women
who
violate
the
married
surname
tradition
are
viewed
differently
from
others.
They
are
described
in
terms
of
instrumental
characteristics
that
in
a
gendered
society
are
typically
assigned
to
men.
(67)__________
These
characteristics
contrast
with
the
expressive
characteristics
that
are
typically
assigned
to
women,
such
as
being
more
caring,
kind
and
having
less
influence
and
power.
(68)__________
For
this
purpose,
Robnett
and
her
colleagues
carried
out
three
studies
in
the
US
and
UK.
The
first
two
studies
showed
that
husbands
whose
wives
keep
their
own
surnames
are
often
described
through
terms
that
are
opposed
to
the
gender-typical
personality
characteristics
and
power
framework
used
for
men.
They
are
described
in
more
expressive
than
instrumental
terms,
and
are
seen
to
hold
less
power
in
a
marriage.
Their
findings
indicate
that
people
conclude
from
married
surname
choices
to
make
more
general
inferences
about
a
couple’s
gender-typed
personality
characteristics.
Results
from
the
third
study
conducted
by
Robnett’s
team
suggest
that
people
hold
different
opinions
in
how
they
think
about
such
cases.
People
who
firmly
hold
on
to
traditional
gender
roles
react
particularly
strongly
to
a
man
whose
wife
keeps
her
surname
because
they
see
him
as
an
incapable
person.
“We
know
from
previous
research
that
people
high
in
unfriendly
sexism
(蔑视女性)
respond
negatively
to
women
who
violate
traditional
gender
roles,”
says
Robnett.
“(69)__________”
“This
study
joins
several
others
in
implying
a
link
between
traditions
in
men
and
women’s
romantic
relationships
and
power
structures
favoring
men,”
says
Robnett.
“(70)__________
It
reflects
subtle
gender-role
standards
and
ideas
that
often
remain
unquestioned
despite
privileging
men.”
Section
D
Translation（注意使用定语从句）
1．上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2．桂林是座具有2
000年历史的城市。(which/that在从句子中作主语)
3．住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。(who/that在从句中作主语)
4．他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。(that在从句中作宾语)
5.
两年前我工作的那个公司的老板在解决类似这种问题方面很有经验。
(whose在从句中作定语)
6.
追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when）
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