英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习课件（20张PPT）

(共20张PPT)
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1.
主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
（名词）????
He
likes
dancing.
（代词）
Twenty
years
is
a
short
time
in
history.
(数词)??
Seeing
is
believing.
（动名词）
To
see
is
to
believe.（不定式）
What
he
needs
is
a
book.（主语从句）
It
is
very
clear
that
the
elephant
is
round
and
tall
like
a
tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
①
The
teacher
with
two
of
his
students
is
walking
into
the
classroom.
②
There
is
an
old
man
coming
here.
③
The
useful
dictionary
was
given
by
my
mother
last
year.
④
To
do
today's
homework
without
the
teacher's
help
is
very
difficult.
谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We
study
English.????????
He
is
asleep.
(二).
选出句中谓语的中心词
①
I
don't
like
the
picture
on
the
wall.?
A.
don't
B.
like
C.
picture
D.
wall
②
The
days
get
longer
and
longer
when
summer
comes.
A.
get
B.
longer
C.
days
D.
summer
③
Do
you
usually
go
to
school
by
bus??
A.
Do
B.
usually
C.
go
D.
bus
④
There
will
be
a
meeting
at
the
library
this
afternoon.
A.
will
be
B.
meeting
C.
the
library
D.
afternoon
3.
宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
I
like
China.
（名词）???
He
hates
you.
（代词）
How
many
do
you
need?
We
need
two.
（数词）
I
enjoy
working
with
you.
（动名词）
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
（不定式）???
Did
you
write
down
what
he
said?
（宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are
you
afraid
of
the
snake????????
Under
the
snow,
there
are
many
rocks.
???
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He
gave
me
a
book
yesterday.??????
Give
the
poor
man
some
money
(四)
划出下列句中的宾语
①
My
brother
hasn't
done
his
homework.
②
People
all
over
the
world
speak
English.
③
You
must
pay
good
attention
to
your
pronunciation.
④
How
many
new
words
did
you
learn
last
class?
⑤
Some
of
the
students
in
the
school
want
to
go
swimming,
how
about
you?
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①
Please
tell
us
a
story.
②
My
father
bought
a
new
bike
for
me
last
week.
③
Mr.
Li
is
going
to
teach
us
history
next
term.
④
Here
is
a
pen.
Give
it
to
Tom.
⑤
Did
he
leave
any
message
for
me?
5.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We
elected
him
monitor.?
（名词）
??
We
all
think
it
a
pity
that
she
didn’t
come
here.
（名词）
We
will
make
them
happy.
（形容词）
We
found
nobody
in.
(
副词
)
Please
make
yourself
at
home.
（介词短语）
Don’t
let
him
do
that.
（省to不定式）
His
father
advised
him
to
teach
the
lazy
boy
a
lesson.
（带to不定式）
Don’t
keep
the
lights
burning.
（现在分词）
I’ll
have
my
bike
repaired.
（过去分词）
(五)
划出下列句中的宾语补足语
①
She
likes
the
children
to
read
newspapers
and
books
in
the
reading-room.
②
He
asked
her
to
take
the
boy
out
of
school.
③
She
found
it
difficult
to
do
the
work.
④
They
call
me
Lily
sometimes.
⑤
I
saw
Mr.
Wang
get
on
the
bus.
⑥
Did
you
see
Li
Ming
playing
football
on
the
playground
just
now?
3.
表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He
is
a
teacher.?
（名词）?????
Five
and
five
is
ten.
（数词）???
He
is
asleep.?
（形容词）
His
father
is
in.
（副词）???????
The
picture
is
on
the
wall.??
(介词短语)
My
watch
is
gone
/
missing
/
lost.?
（形容词化的分词）
The
question
is
whether
they
will
come.
（
（表语从句）
（常见的系动词有:
be,
sound（听起来）,
look（看起来）,
feel(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）,
taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）,
feel（感觉），become,
turn,
get
,
grow…
It
sounds
a
good
idea.?????????????
The
sound
sounds
strange.
Her
voice
sounds
sweet.???????????
Tom
looks
thin.
The
food
smells
delicious.?????????
The
food
tastes
good.
The
door
remains
open.????????????
Now
I
feel
tired.
(三)
挑出下列句中的表语
①
The
old
man
was
feeling
very
tired.??
②
Why
is
he
worried
about
Jim?
③
The
leaves
have
turned
yellow.??????
④
Soon
They
all
became
interested
in
the
subject.
⑤
She
was
the
first
to
learn
about
it.
6.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Yanling
is
a
chemistry
teacher.（名词）
He
is
our
friend.
（代词）
We
belong
to
the
third
world.（数词）
He
was
advised
to
teach
the
lazy
boy
a
lesson.（形容词）
The
man
over
there
is
my
old
friend.(副词)
The
woman
with
a
baby
in
her
arms
is
my
sister.
(介词)
The
boys
playing
football
are
in
Class
2.
（现在分词）
The
trees
planted
last
year
are
growing
well
now.
（过去分词）
I
have
an
idea
to
do
it
well.（不定式）
You
should
do
everything
that
I
do.
（定语从句）
(六)
挑出下列句中的定语
①
What
is
your
given
name?
②
On
the
third
lap
are
Class
1
and
Class
3.
③
I
talked
with
a
men
dressed
in
blue
T-shirt.
④
The
man
downstairs
was
trying
to
sleep.
7.
状语：用来修饰v.,
adj.,
adv.,
or
句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I
will
go
there
tomorrow.??????
The
meeting
will
be
held
in
the
meeting
room.
The
meat
went
bad
because
of
the
hot
weather.???
?
He
studies
hard
to
learn
English
well.
He
didn’t
study
hard
so
that
he
failed
in
the
exam.
???
I
like
some
of
you
very
much.
If
you
study
hard,
you
will
pass
the
exam.
?????????
He
goes
to
school
by
bike.
Though
he
is
young,
he
can
do
it
well.
?(七)
挑出下列句中的状语
①
There
was
a
big
smile
on
her
face.
②
Every
night
he
heard
the
noise
upstairs.
③
He
began
to
learn
English
when
he
was
eleven.
④
The
man
on
the
motorbike
was
travelling
too
fast.
⑤
With
the
medicine
box
under
her
arm,
Miss
Li
hurried
off.
8.
同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。
Mr
Lin,
our
headmaster
,
is
giving
us
a
speech.
Beijing
,
capital
of
China
,
is
developing
fast.
The
engineer
himself
repaired
it
.
We
all
got
angry.
We
two
will
go
to
see
you
.
The
news
that
he
will
come
is
true.